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INDICE GENERALE
Indice generale Part I The basics of teaching subjects Book I Text Linguistics and Grammatical Problems Chapter 1: English Sentences and Parts of Speech Chapter 2: Text Linguistics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The Seven Standards of Textuality...................................................................................... Cohesion......................................................................................................................................... Coherence...................................................................................................................................... Intentionality and Acceptability.......................................................................................... Informativity................................................................................................................................ Situationality................................................................................................................................ Intertextuality.............................................................................................................................. Espansione Web Elementi di Glottodidattica Examples of Literary Text — Questions About Passages — Exercises A Short Summary of the Most Common Approaches to Teaching English as a Second Language New Englishes » » » » » » » 27 34 35 36 36 37 37 Indice Generale 1.English Sentences....................................................................................................................... Pag. 8 2. Parts of Speech............................................................................................................................ » 9 2.1 Nouns................................................................................................................................. » 10 2.2 Pronouns.......................................................................................................................... » 13 2.3 Adjectives......................................................................................................................... » 18 2.4 Verbs................................................................................................................................... » 21 529 Chapter 3: Grammatical Problems 1. Adjectives and Adverbs............................................................................................................ Pag. 39 2. Agreement of Subject and Predicate Verb....................................................................... » 40 3. Idiomatic Use of Conjunctions and Prepositions.......................................................... » 41 Espansione Web Grammatica di base della lingua inglese L’importanza delle competenze linguistiche Book II English History and Literature Section A From the Origins to the Age of Enlightenment Indice Generale Chapter 1 Historical Context: Ancient Times of Britain 530 1. 2. 3. 4. The Earliest Inhabitants.......................................................................................................... The Celtic Tribes......................................................................................................................... The Roman Rule.......................................................................................................................... The Anglo-Saxon Conquest.................................................................................................... » » » » 44 44 44 45 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ » » 47 48 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Norman Conquest............................................................................................................. William’s Successors................................................................................................................. The Great Charter....................................................................................................................... The Origin of Parliament....................................................................................................... The Conquest of Wales and Scotland................................................................................. » » » » » 50 50 51 52 52 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ » » 54 55 Literary Context: Anglo-Saxon Literature........................................................ Chapter 2 Historical Context: The Growth of Feudalism in the Middle Ages Literary Context: Anglo-Norman Literature..................................................... » » 46 53 Chapter 3 Historical Context: The Decline of Feudalism in the Middle Ages The Early Phase of The Hundred Years’ War.................................................................. Pag. 56 The Lollard Heresy.................................................................................................................... » 57 The Peasants’ Revolt................................................................................................................. » 57 The Beginning of the House of Lancaster.......................................................................... » 57 Literary context: The Age of Chaucer........................................................................ » 58 Great Writers 1. Geoffrey Chaucer........................................................................................................................ 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » » » 60 60 60 1. The Second Phase of The Hundred Years’ War................................................................. 2. The War of the Roses................................................................................................................ 3. The Reign of Henry VII............................................................................................................. » » » 63 63 64 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Chaucer’s Followers..................................................................................................... 1.2 Ballads............................................................................................................................... 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 3. Drama.............................................................................................................................................. » » » » » 65 65 66 66 67 1. The Reign of Henry VIII........................................................................................................... 2.Edward VI and his Protectors................................................................................................ 3. Bloody Mary................................................................................................................................. » » » 68 69 69 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 Humanists........................................................................................................................ 2.2Educationists.................................................................................................................. » » » » 71 72 72 72 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ Chapter 4 Historical Context: The Rise of the Middle class Literary Context: The Barren Age.................................................................................. Chapter 5 Historical Context: The Reformation in England Literary context: Renaissance Humanism............................................................... » » » » 59 59 65 70 Indice Generale 1. 2. 3. 4. 531 Chapter 6 Historical Context: The Elizabethan Age 1. The Reign of Queen Elizabeth............................................................................................... Pag. 74 2. The Conquest of Ireland.......................................................................................................... » 75 3. The Reign of James I.................................................................................................................. » 76 Literary Context: The Age of Shakespeare or Golden Age.................... » 77 Great Writers 1.Edmund Spenser........................................................................................................................ 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 2. Philip Sidney................................................................................................................................. 2.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 3. Thomas Kyd.................................................................................................................................. 3.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 4. Christopher Marlowe................................................................................................................ 4.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 5. William Shakespeare................................................................................................................ 5.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 5.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 6. Ben Jonson..................................................................................................................................... 6.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 6.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 7. John Donne.................................................................................................................................... 7.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 7.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 89 89 89 91 91 91 1. The Reign of Charles I.................................................................................................................. 2. The Civil War and Oliver Cromwell.................................................................................... 3. The Commonwealth.................................................................................................................. » » » 93 94 95 Indice Generale 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 3. Drama.............................................................................................................................................. 3.1 The Origin of Elizabethan Drama........................................................................... 3.2 The Elizabethan Play-House.................................................................................... 3.3 The University Wits..................................................................................................... 3.4 Other Playwrights of the Time................................................................................ 532 Chapter 7 Historical Context: The English Revolution » » » » » » » 77 78 78 78 79 79 79 Literary Context: The Age of Milton............................................................................ Pag. 96 » » » » 96 96 97 97 Great Writers 1. John Milton.................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » » » 98 98 98 1. The Reign of Charles II.............................................................................................................. 2. The Reign of James II................................................................................................................ 3. William III and Mary II............................................................................................................. » » » 102 103 104 Chapter 8 Historical Context: The Restoration Literary Context: The Age of Dryden........................................................................... 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 Christian Writers........................................................................................................... 2.2 Philosophers................................................................................................................... 2.3 Diarists.............................................................................................................................. 3. Drama.............................................................................................................................................. 3.1 Comedy of Manners..................................................................................................... 3.2 Heroic Play and Traditional Tragedy.................................................................... » » » » » » » » » 105 105 105 105 106 107 107 107 108 Great Writers 1. John Dryden.................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » » » 108 108 109 1. The Reign of Queen Anne........................................................................................................ 2. The Reign of George I................................................................................................................. 3. The Reign of George II............................................................................................................... » » » 111 112 112 Chapter 9 Historical Context: Whig England Literary Context: The Augustan Age............................................................................. 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 The Rise of Journalism................................................................................................ 2.2 The Rise of the English Novel.................................................................................. 2.3 Criticism and Biography............................................................................................ 3. Drama.............................................................................................................................................. » » » » » » » 113 114 115 115 116 118 118 Indice Generale 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Cavalier Poets................................................................................................................. 1.2Metaphysical Poets....................................................................................................... 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 533 Indice Generale 534 Great Writers 1. Alexander Pope........................................................................................................................... Pag. 119 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 119 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 120 2. Daniel Defoe................................................................................................................................. » 121 2.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 121 2.2 Works . .............................................................................................................................. » 122 3. Jonathan Swift.............................................................................................................................. » 124 3.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 124 3.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 124 4. Samuel Richardson.................................................................................................................... » 127 4.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 127 4.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 127 5. Henry Fielding............................................................................................................................. » 129 5.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 129 5.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 129 6. Laurence Sterne.......................................................................................................................... » 132 6.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 132 6.2 Works . .............................................................................................................................. » 133 7. Oliver Goldsmith......................................................................................................................... » 135 7.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 135 7.2 Works . .............................................................................................................................. » 136 Espansione Web Section A - Glossary Section B From the Early Romanticism to the Modern Times Chapter 1 Historical Context: The American Revolution 1. The Reign of George III............................................................................................................ 2. The Ascent of William Pitt the Younger............................................................................ » » 140 141 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Pre-Romantic Poets in the Augustan Age........................................................... 1.2 The Graveyard School................................................................................................. 1.3 William Cowper............................................................................................................. 1.4 The Revival of Ancient Poetry................................................................................. 1.5 Robert Burns................................................................................................................... 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 The Gothic Tale.............................................................................................................. 2.2 The Sentimental Novel and the Novel of Manners......................................... » » » » » » » » » 142 142 143 144 145 146 147 147 149 Literary Context: The Pre-Romanticism................................................................... » 142 Great Writers 1. William Blake............................................................................................................................... Pag. 151 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 151 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 152 1. 2. 3. 4. The Effects of the Industrial Revolution........................................................................... Pitt’s Era and the French Revolution................................................................................. The Napoleonic Wars................................................................................................................ The Reigns of George IV and William IV........................................................................... » » » » 156 157 158 159 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 A General Survey........................................................................................................... 1.2 Two Generations of Great Poets............................................................................. 1.3Minor Poets..................................................................................................................... 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1Essays and Critical Voices......................................................................................... 2.2 Novel................................................................................................................................... » » » » » » » 160 160 161 161 162 162 162 Literary Context: The Romanticism.............................................................................. Great Writers 1. William Wordsworth................................................................................................................ 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge......................................................................................................... 2.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 3. George Gordon Byron............................................................................................................... 3.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 4. Percy Bysshe Shelley................................................................................................................. 4.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 5. John Keats...................................................................................................................................... 5.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 5.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 6. Walter Scott.................................................................................................................................. 6.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 6.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 7. Jane Austen................................................................................................................................... 7.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 7.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » 160 163 163 163 166 166 166 168 168 169 171 171 171 174 174 174 177 177 177 179 179 179 Indice Generale Chapter 2 Historical Context: The Industrial Revolution 535 Chapter 3 Historical Context: The Victorian Age 1. The Reign of Queen Victoria.................................................................................................. Pag. 181 2. The Early Years of the Victorian Era.................................................................................. » 181 3. The Second Half of the Century............................................................................................ » 182 Literary Context: The Victorian Literature....................................................... Indice Generale 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 A Link Between Romantics and Modernists..................................................... 1.2 The Pre-Raphaelites.................................................................................................... 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 The Oxford Movement................................................................................................ 2.2 The Aestheticism........................................................................................................... 2.3 Fiction................................................................................................................................ 536 Great Writers 1.Alfred Tennyson.......................................................................................................................... 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 2.Robert Browning........................................................................................................................ 2.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 3.Elizabeth Barrett Browning................................................................................................... 3.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 4.Dante Gabriel Rossetti.............................................................................................................. 4.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 5.William Morris............................................................................................................................ 5.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 5.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 6.Charles Dickens........................................................................................................................... 6.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 6.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 7.William Makepeace Thackeray............................................................................................. 7.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 7.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 8.The Brontës (Charlotte, Emily, Anne)................................................................................. 8.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 8.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 9.George Eliot.................................................................................................................................. 9.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 9.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 10.Oscar Wilde................................................................................................................................... 10.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 10.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » 184 185 185 185 186 186 186 186 187 187 187 190 190 190 192 192 192 193 193 193 194 194 194 195 195 195 199 199 200 201 201 202 204 204 205 207 207 207 Chapter 4 Historical Context: Before, During and After First World War 1. 2. 3. 4. The Edwardian Period.............................................................................................................. The First World War................................................................................................................. The Irish Question..................................................................................................................... The Post-First World War....................................................................................................... Literary Context: The First Half of the 20th Century............................. 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Georgian Poetry............................................................................................................. 1.2 War Poetry....................................................................................................................... 1.3 The Imagism................................................................................................................... 1.4 Left-Wing Realistic Poets........................................................................................... 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 Realism.............................................................................................................................. 2.2 The “New Novel”........................................................................................................... 3. Drama.............................................................................................................................................. 3.1 The Revival of Theatre................................................................................................ 3.2 The Irish Revival............................................................................................................ » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » 221 222 222 223 224 225 225 226 226 226 227 227 227 228 228 229 Indice Generale Other Authors 1.Thomas Carlyle............................................................................................................................ Pag. 210 2.Thomas Babington Macaulay................................................................................................ » 210 3.Benjamin Disraeli....................................................................................................................... » 211 4.Edward Fitzgerald...................................................................................................................... » 211 5.Elizabeth Gaskell........................................................................................................................ » 211 6.Charles Reade.............................................................................................................................. » 212 7.Anthony Trollope....................................................................................................................... » 212 8.Arthur Hugh Clough.................................................................................................................. » 213 9.Charles Kingsley......................................................................................................................... » 213 10.John Ruskin................................................................................................................................... » 213 11.Matthew Arnold.......................................................................................................................... » 214 12.Coventry Patmore...................................................................................................................... » 214 13.Wilkie Colins................................................................................................................................. » 215 14.George Meredith......................................................................................................................... » 215 15.Christina Georgina Rossetti................................................................................................... » 216 16.Lewis Carroll................................................................................................................................ » 216 17.James Thomson........................................................................................................................... » 217 18.Algernon Charles Swinburne................................................................................................ » 217 19.Walter Pater.................................................................................................................................. » 217 20.Thomas Hardy............................................................................................................................. » 218 21.Gerard Manley Hopkins........................................................................................................... » 218 22.Robert Louis Stevenson........................................................................................................... » 219 23.Arthur Conan Doyle................................................................................................................... » 219 537 Indice Generale Great Writers 1. Thomas Stearns Eliot................................................................................................................ Pag. 229 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 229 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 229 2. Joseph Conrad.............................................................................................................................. » 233 2.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 233 2.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 233 3. James Joyce.................................................................................................................................... » 236 3.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 236 3.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 236 4. Virginia Woolf.............................................................................................................................. » 239 4.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 239 4.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 239 5. David Herbert Lawrence......................................................................................................... » 241 5.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... » 241 5.2 Works................................................................................................................................. » 241 538 Other Authors 1.Henry James................................................................................................................................. 2.George Bernard Shaw............................................................................................................... 3.William Butler Yeats.................................................................................................................. 4.Rudyard Kipling.......................................................................................................................... 5.Ford Madox Ford........................................................................................................................ 6.William Somerset Maugham................................................................................................. 7.Edward Morgan Forster.......................................................................................................... 8.Aldous Leonard Huxley........................................................................................................... 9.Evelyn Arthur Waugh............................................................................................................... 10.George Orwell.............................................................................................................................. 11.Graham Greene............................................................................................................................ 12.Wystan Hugh Auden.................................................................................................................. » » » » » » » » » » » » 243 244 245 247 248 248 248 249 250 250 252 252 1. The Second World War............................................................................................................ 2. Britain After the Second World War.................................................................................. » » 253 254 » 257 Chapter 5 Historical Context: From the Second World War to the End of the Millennium Literary Context: The Second Half of the 20th Century - Anger, Absurd and Modern Writing....................................................................................... 1. Poetry.............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Poetry of the 1940s...................................................................................................... 1.2 Further Developments in Poetry............................................................................ 2. Prose................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 The Novel.......................................................................................................................... 2.2 The Angry Young Men................................................................................................. » » » » » » 258 258 259 260 260 260 3. Drama.............................................................................................................................................. Pag. 260 3.1 The New Wave in the English Theatre................................................................. » 260 3.2 John Osborne and the Theatre of Anger............................................................. » 260 3.3 New Naturalistic Dramatists.................................................................................... » 261 3.4 The Theatre of the Absurd........................................................................................ » 261 Other Authors 1.William Golding.......................................................................................................................... 2.Lawrence Durrell........................................................................................................................ 3.Angus Wilson............................................................................................................................... 4.Anthony Burgess........................................................................................................................ 5.Muriel Spark................................................................................................................................. 6.Doris Lessing................................................................................................................................ 7.Iris Murdoch................................................................................................................................. 8.Philip Larkin................................................................................................................................. 9.John Braine.................................................................................................................................... 10.Kingsley Amis............................................................................................................................... 11.John Barrington Wain............................................................................................................... 12.Alan Sillitoe................................................................................................................................... 13.Thom Gunn................................................................................................................................... 14.Ted Hughes.................................................................................................................................... 15.Harold Pinter................................................................................................................................ 16.Tom Stoppard............................................................................................................................... 17.Ian McEwan.................................................................................................................................. 18.Joanne Kathleen Rowling........................................................................................................ Espansione Web Section B - Glossary » » » 262 262 262 » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » 264 264 265 265 265 266 266 266 267 267 268 268 268 269 269 270 270 272 » » » » » 276 277 277 278 278 Cenni di Letteratura Americana Book III Civilization Chapter 1: Physical and Human Geography of the United Kingdom 1.The United Kingdom................................................................................................................. 1.1 Lowland England.......................................................................................................... 1.2 Upland England............................................................................................................. 1.3 Wales and Scotland...................................................................................................... 1.4 Northern Ireland........................................................................................................... Indice Generale Great Writers 1. Samuel Beckett............................................................................................................................ 1.1 Life....................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Works................................................................................................................................. 539 Indice Generale 2.Soils.................................................................................................................................................. Pag. 278 3.Climate............................................................................................................................................ » 279 4.Drainage......................................................................................................................................... » 279 5.Vegetation and Animal Life.................................................................................................... » 279 6.Resources....................................................................................................................................... » 280 7.The Arts.......................................................................................................................................... » 280 8.People.............................................................................................................................................. » 281 9.Languages...................................................................................................................................... » 281 10.Education....................................................................................................................................... » 282 11.Health.............................................................................................................................................. » 282 12.Religion........................................................................................................................................... » 282 13.Demography................................................................................................................................. » 283 14.Forestry and Fishing................................................................................................................. » 284 15.Transportation............................................................................................................................ » 284 16.Economy......................................................................................................................................... » 284 17.Trade................................................................................................................................................ » 285 18.Mining............................................................................................................................................. » 286 19.Agriculture.................................................................................................................................... » 286 20.Energy............................................................................................................................................. » 286 21.Taxation.......................................................................................................................................... » 287 22.Poverty............................................................................................................................................ » 287 23.Government.................................................................................................................................. » 287 Chapter 2: The Brief History of Social Media................................................... » 289 540 Book I English Language Questions and Reading Comprehension Test 1....................................................................................................................................................... Keys.......................................................................................................................................................... » » 296 306 Part II Tests Test 2....................................................................................................................................................... Keys.......................................................................................................................................................... Test 3....................................................................................................................................................... Keys.......................................................................................................................................................... Test 4....................................................................................................................................................... Keys.......................................................................................................................................................... Espansione Web Test 4 - Answers and Comments in Italian Test 5, 6, 7 » » » » » » 307 320 322 330 331 339 Book II History, Literature and Civilization Questions Test 1....................................................................................................................................................... Pag. 342 Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... » 346 Test 3....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Test 4....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Test 5....................................................................................................................................................... Keys.......................................................................................................................................................... Test 6....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Test 7....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Test 8....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Test 9....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Test 10.................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... Part III competenze linguistiche Capitolo 1: Comprensione di brani 1. Tipologia di domande............................................................................................................... 2. Brani seguiti da domande con formulazione ampia................................................... 3. Brani seguiti da domande con formulazione stretta................................................... Capitolo 2: Test di comprensione brani................................................................. Capitolo 3: Test assegnati ai precedenti TFA.................................................... » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » » 350 353 358 361 366 370 375 378 379 382 388 392 398 402 408 411 » » 419 423 » » » 432 432 433 » » 436 470 Indice Generale Test 2....................................................................................................................................................... Answers and Comments in Language....................................................................................... 541 Part IV Official Tests for the Preliminary Round of the Active Internship Test 1: Academic Year 2011-2012.......................................................................................... Pag. 490 Answers and Comments in Italian.............................................................................................. » 499 Test 2: Academic Year 2014-2015.......................................................................................... Keys.......................................................................................................................................................... Espansione Web Simulation Tests - Test 3, 4, 5 Indice Generale Glossari tematici — giuridico-scolastico — glottodidattico — dei termini informatici 542 » » 517 527
