Letters to Grandpa for Italian Speakers

Transcript

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. My alphabet my abc’s.................................................................................................................... 7
2. Vocabulary..................................................................................................................................... 11
3. Nouns.............................................................................................................................................. 14
4. Descriptive Adjectives .................................................................................................................. 24
5. Mini review : the alphabet ............................................................................................................ 32
6. Verb : To Have .............................................................................................................................. 34
7. Verb : To Be................................................................................................................................... 40
8. Demonstrative Adjectives ........................................................................................................... 46
9. Let’s count... 1 to 20...................................................................................................................... 51
10. Numbers - Addition.................................................................................................................... 56
11. Interlude : Home on the Range................................................................................................. 61
12. Interrogative Adjectives.............................................................................................................. 63
13. Days, Weeks and Seasons........................................................................................................... 70
14. Poetry: O, My Love is Like a Red Red Rose ........................................................................... 74
15. Grandpa said ... ............................................................................................................................ 83
16. Grammar Review 1 .................................................................................................................. 84
17. SPELL CHECK : My room ...................................................................................................... 90
18. Possessive Adjectives .................................................................................................................. 94
19. Descriptive and Determining Adjectives ............................................................................... 101
20. Reading : The Jungle Book ..................................................................................................... 108
21. Analysis: The Parts of Speech.................................................................................................. 116
22. Let’s count... 11 to 100 ............................................................................................................. 120
LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS
 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD
PAGE 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
23. SPELL CHECK : The Kitchen............................................................................................... 125
24. Grammar Review 2 ................................................................................................................... 128
25. Indefinite Adjectives ................................................................................................................. 136
26. Reading : The Jungle Book ..................................................................................................... 140
27. Numbers - Multiplication......................................................................................................... 156
28. Numeral Adjectives ................................................................................................................... 162
29. Ordinal Numbers : 1 to 40....................................................................................................... 172
30. SPELL CHECK : The Bathroom ....................................................................................... 176
31. Numbers – More Multiplication ............................................................................................. 179
32. Interlude: Johann Sebastian Bach ...........................................................................................182
33. Readings : Aesop’s Fables ........................................................................................................ 185
34. Pronouns : Classification.......................................................................................................... 193
35. Determining Pronouns 5.......................................................................................................... 197
36. Let’s count... 41 to 1,000,000................................................................................................... 211
37. Grammar Review 3 ................................................................................................................... 218
38. Poetry : My Shadow .................................................................................................................. 225
39. Numbers – More Multiplication ............................................................................................. 243
40. More Determining Pronouns ..................................................................................................248
41. SPELL CHECK : Grandpa’s Garden .................................................................................... 255
42. Reading: Jules Verne ................................................................................................................. 265
43. Personal Pronouns .................................................................................................................... 270
44. Relative Pronouns ..................................................................................................................... 284
45. SPELL CHECK : Fishing ........................................................................................................ 297
46. Prepositions................................................................................................................................ 301
47. Conjunctions .............................................................................................................................. 310
 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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48. INTERJECTIONS Esclamazioni ........................................................................................ 326
49. Adverbs ....................................................................................................................................... 328
50. Reading: Oliver Twist ............................................................................................................... 341
51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4........................................................................................................ 345
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LETTERS TO GRANDPA
LETTERS TO GRANDPA
My letter to Grandpa,
La mia lettera al nonno,
Dear Grandpa,
Caro nonno,
You know, Grandpa, I like the book you sent me.
Sai nonno, mi piace il libro che mi hai spedito.
Today I learned something in a beautiful story Mom read to me.
Oggi ho imparato una cosa in una bella storia che la mamma mi ha letto.
Tell Grandma I love her too.
Di’ alla nonna che anch’io le voglio bene.
Me
io
1. MY
ALPHABET MY ABC’S
PAGE 7
1. MY ALPHABET MY ABC’S
Il mio alfabeto il mio abecedario
When you speak or write, you use words.
Quando si parla o si scrive si usano parole.
Mother
is a word.
Mother
è una parola.
Father
is a word.
Father
è una parola.
When you write a word, you use letters.
Quando si scrive una parola,si usano lettere.
For the word MOTHER, there are six letters.
La parola Mother, ha sei lettere.
For the word FATHER, there are six letters.
La parola FATHER, ha sei lettere.
Let’s count on your hand:
Contiamole sulla mano:
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1. MY
ALPHABET MY ABC’S
MOTHER M one, 0 two, T three, H four, E five
and one more, on my thumb, R six.
MOTHER M uno, O due, T tre , H quattro, E cinque
è l’ultima sul mio pollice R sei.
Let’s do it one more time with FATHER:
Facciamolo ora con FATHER:
F one, A two,
T three, H four, E five
and one more, on my thumb,
R six.
F uno, A due, T tre , H quattro, E cinque
e l’ultima sul mio pollice, R sei.
I know my alphabet… Grandpa!
So il mio alfabeto… nonno!
There are 26 letters in the Alphabet.
Let me say them for you:
Ci sono 26 lettere nell’alfabeto.
Lascia che te le dica:
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
1. MY
ALPHABET MY ABC’S
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My 26 letters
Le mie 26 lettere
a
is for animal
a
come animal
b
is for beautiful
b
come beautiful
c
is for cat
c
come cat
d
is for dad
d
come dad
e
is for elephant
e
come elephant
f
is for fairy
f
come fairy
g
is for gargle
g
come gargle
h
is for habit
h
come habit
i
is for ice
i
come ice
j
is for joy
j
come joy
k
is for kitten
k
come kitten
l
is for lion
l
come lion
m
is for mother
m
come mother
n
is for nest
n
come nest
o
is for owl
o
come owl
p
is for pizza
p
come pizza
q
is for quilt
q
come quilt
r
is for rest
r
come rest
s
is for salad
s
come salad
t
is for tent
t
come tent
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1. MY
u
is for umbrella
u
come umbrella
v
is for violin
v
come violin
w
is for water
w
come water
x
is for xylophone
x
come violin
y
is for yule
y
come yule
z
is for zebra
z
come zebra
ALPHABET MY ABC’S
2. VOCABULARY
PAGE 11
2. VOCABULARY
I can write too…
Posso anche scriverle...
a
an animal
__________________________
b
a beautiful animal
__________________________
c
a cat
__________________________
d
a dad
__________________________
e
an elephant
__________________________
f
a fairy
__________________________
g
a gargle
__________________________
h
a habit
__________________________
i
the ice
__________________________
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2. VOCABULARY
j
the joy
__________________________
k
the kitten
__________________________
l
the lion
__________________________
m
the mother
__________________________
n
the nest
__________________________
o
the owl
__________________________
p
a pizza
__________________________
q
a quilt
__________________________
r
a rest
__________________________
s
a salad
__________________________
r
the rest
__________________________
t
a tent
__________________________
2. VOCABULARY
PAGE 13
u
an umbrella
__________________________
v
a violin
__________________________
w
the water
__________________________
x
the xylophone
__________________________
y
the yule
__________________________
z
the zebra
__________________________
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3. NOUNS
3. NOUNS
When you speak and when you write, you use a lot of WORDS.
Quando si parla e quando si scrive, si usano molte PAROLE.
Mother
is a word
Mother
è una parola
Dad
is a word
Dad
è una parola
Grandpa
is a word
Grandpa
è una parola
Grandma
is a word
Grandma
è una parola
I have a beautiful mother.
Ho una mamma molto bella.
I
is a word
I
è una parola
have
is a word
have
è una parola
a
is a word
a
è una parola
beautiful
is a word
beautiful
è una parola
mother
is a word
mother
è una parola
How many words?
Quante sono le parole?
3. NOUNS
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Let me count
I (1) have (2) a (3) beautiful (4) mother (5)…
FIVE WORDS!
Lasciamele contare I (1) have (2) a (3) beautiful (4) mother (5)…
FIVE WORDS!
CINQUE PAROLE!.
I have a beautiful mother. has 5 WORDS.
I have a beautiful mother. ha 5 PAROLE.
Let me recopy: Lasciamele ricopiare
I
have a
beautiful
mother.
__________________________
I am fantastic, Grandpa ! Can you tell Grandma?
Sono bravo nonno! Lo puoi dire alla nonna?
Today is … I forgot…. Ask Mom !
Oggi è...Mi sono dimenticato....chiedilo alla mamma.
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TODAY IS
TODAY IS
For you, Grandma…. because I love you!
Per te nonna... perchè ti voglio bene!
Dear Grandma,
Cara nonna,
Grandpa told me ... if I know a lot of words, I will have a good vocabulary.
Il nonno mi ha detto… che se conosco molte parole, avrò un buon vocabolario.
Here are the new words I can write, Grandma.
Ecco le nuove parole che io posso scrivere, nonna.
They are for you.
Sono per te.
I love you, Grandma.
Ti voglio bene, nonna.
me
Don’t forget to give Grandpa a kiss . from me!
Non dimenticarti di dare un bacio al nonno... da parte mia!
.
TODAY IS
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My Vocabulary for Grandma
Mio Vocabolario per la Nonna
father
uncle
brother
cousin
______________________________________________
mother
aunt
sister
cousin
______________________________________________
grandfather
nephew
son
brother-in-law
______________________________________________
grandmother
niece
daughter
sister-in-law
______________________________________________
Let me repeat to you, Grandma, because you didn’t hear and I will write them for you !
Te lo ripeto, nonna, perchè non mi hai sentito adesso te lo scrivo!
I have a mother.
______________________________
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TODAY IS
I have a father.
__________________________________
I have a brother.
_____________________________
I have a sister.
___________________________________
I have a grandfather.
___________________________________
I have a grandmother.
___________________________________
I have an uncle.
___________________________________
I have an aunt.
___________________________________
I have four cousins.
___________________________________
My mother has a brother-in-law.
___________________________________
My father has a sister-in-law.
___________________________________
They have three beautiful children:
___________________________________
TODAY IS
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My sister Lucy
___________________________________
My brother Harry
___________________________________
And Me
___________________________________
Dear Grandma,
Cara Nonna,
You know what? Today I learned something new!
Sai? Oggi ho imparato una cosa nuova!
I KNOW WHAT A NOUN IS.
Già so cos’è un sostantivo.
I know there are: So che ci sono:
nouns that are names of persons,
sostantivi che sono nomi di persone,
nouns that are names of animals,
sostantivi che sono nomi di animali,
nouns that are names of things.
sostantivi che sono nomi di cose.
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TODAY IS
I am going to give two nouns that name persons
Adesso farò l’esempio di due sostantivi che sono nomi di persone
the postmaster
the doctor
two nouns that name animals
due sostantivi che sono nomi di animali
the cat
the bird
two nouns that name things
due sostantivi che sono nomi di cose
the table
the bed
Grandma, I am sending you a letter. I have to know so many things!
Nonna,ti spedisco una lettera. Devo sapere tante cose!
TODAY IS
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TODAY IS
HOMEWORK FROM ME
I MIEI COMPITI
On the line after each noun, write whether it is:( person, animal or thing).
Sulla linea dopo ogni sostantivo, scrivi se è: (persona,animale o cosa).
Examples:
Esempi:
horse
piano
teacher
animal
thing
person
cow
__________________________
garden
__________________________
paper
__________________________
farmer
__________________________
pupil
__________________________
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TODAY IS
school
__________________________
deer
__________________________
spider
__________________________
telephone
__________________________
bed
__________________________
sister
__________________________
rabbit
__________________________
brother
__________________________
mouse
__________________________
fireman
__________________________
dog
__________________________
TODAY IS
PAGE 23
store
__________________________
nurse
__________________________
car
__________________________
pen
__________________________
father
__________________________
chair
__________________________
toy
__________________________
bear
__________________________
singer
__________________________
Grandma, I know a lot of nouns now!
Nonna, adesso conosco molti sostantivi!
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4. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
Please, help me … I forgot!
Per favore, aiutami...mi sono dimenticato!
Dear Mom,
Cara mamma,
Guess what…. I was with Grandpa yesterday and He told me I was a good
boy…. He asked me if I knew what good was. I said yes because Grandma always
tells me: “ Be good to your dad and your mom.”
Indovina...stavo con il nonno ieri e mi ha detto che sono un bravo ragazzo.
...Mi ha chiesto se sapevo il significato di “good”(bravo)..Ho detto sì
perchè la nonna mi dice sempre:”Devi essere bravo con il papà e la mamma”.
good is an adjective !
good è un aggettivo!
Then he added,… it is a “descriptive adjective.”… Dopo aggiunse… è un “descriptive
adjective” (aggettivo qualificativo).
Then he said,… my child, you know a lot of “descriptive adjectives.” Poi ha detto,…
figlio mio,tu sai molti “descriptive adjectives” (aggettivi qualificativi).
I tried to repeat descriptive adjective but it was very hard for me. Then I said:
“Grandpa, can I simply say “ adjective”?
Ho provato a ripetere “descriptive adjective” però era molto difficile per me.
Poi ho detto:”Nonno, posso dire semplicemente “adjective”?
Grandpa said “ No, no, no, no, no….”
Il nonno disse “ No, no, no, no, no…”
PAGE 25
So I repeated “descriptive adjective” one hundred times. It ‘s not true, Mom, but I
wanted to impress you because I can count up to ……one hundred all by myself.
Allora ho ripetuto “descriptive adjective” cento volte. Non è vero mamma, l’ho fatto
per fare bella figura perchè so contare fino a.... cento tutto da solo.
Now I have to do my homework. Just like you, Mom, I have so much work. Work is
never done!
Adesso devo fare i miei compiti. Ho tanto lavoro come te, mamma.
Il lavoro non finisce mai!
But I’m good. I am very good. I’ll get there!
Però io sono bravo. Sono molto bravo! Ce la farò!
PAGE 26
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
MY HOMEWORK FOR GRANDPA AND GRANDMA
EXERCISE
Underline all the descriptive adjectives:
Sottolinea tutti gli aggettivi qualificativi:
Example: My little sister has a bad cold. She is very brave because she
has to take yucky cough syrup made with squashed black toads, boiled
monkey tails and a spoonful of green and bitter dandelion leaves! It’s a
magic potion. “It’s very good for your bad cold”, I tell her.
Esempio: La mia sorellina ha un brutto raffreddore. Lei è molto coraggiosa perchè deve
prendere uno sciroppo cattivo fatto con rospo nero schiacciato, coda di scimmia bollita e un
cucchiaio di foglie di dente di leone verde e amaro! È una pozione magica. “Fa molto bene
per il tuo brutto raffreddore,” le dico.
I like spring because the cold weather goes away. Nights are cool but days become
warm. I no longer have to wear my heavy coat, my long scarf or my yellow mittens
and my nose is no longer red. After spring, comes my favorite season, summer.
Then, I wear my blue bathing suit and we go to a beautiful beach with Dad, Mom, my
little brother and my big sister. The beach has white sand, interesting seashells and
after a long, sunny day, Dad cooks my favorite meal, delicious hotdogs, on the
barbecue.
TODAY IS
PAGE 27
Mi piace la primavera perchè il tempo freddo se ne va. Le notti sono fresche ma
i giorni sono miti. Non ho più bisogno di mettere il cappotto pesante, la mia sciarpa
lunga o i miei guanti gialli e il mio naso non è più rosso. Dopo la primavera, arriva
la mia stagione preferita, l’estate.
Allora,mi metto il costume da bagno, azzurro, e andiamo in una bella spiaggia
con il papà,la mamma,il mio fratellino e la mia sorella maggiore. La spiaggia ha la
sabbia bianca con conchiglie particolari, e dopo una giornata lunga, piena di sole,
papà cucina il mio piatto preferito,deliziosi hotdogs sul barbecue.
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Esercizio Corretto
I like spring because the cold weather goes away. Nights are cool but days become
warm. I no longer have to wear my heavy coat, my long scarf or my yellow mittens
and my nose is no longer red. After spring, comes my favorite season, summer.
Then, I wear my blue bathing suit and we go to a beautiful beach with Dad, Mom, my
little brother and my big sister. The beach has white sand, interesting seashells and
after a long, sunny day, Dad cooks my favorite meal, delicious hotdogs, on the
barbecue.
PAGE 28
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
My grandma said: “Now you have to remember certain things because you want to
be good in class, you want to be the best and you want to be happy… and you want
to make your parents and your grandparents very proud….”
Mia nonna ha detto: “Adesso ti devi ricordare certe cose, perchè devi comportarti
bene in classe,devi essere il migliore e devi essere felice…e devi far si che i tuoi
genitori e i tuoi nonni siano orgogliosi di te…”
CAN YOU REMEMBER WHAT A DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE IS?
Ti ricordi cos’è un aggettivo qualificativo?
It is a word used with a noun and this word modifies the noun.
È una parola usata con un sostantivo e questa parola modifica il sostantivo.
To modify means to make somewhat different. It means to change.
Modificare vuol dire fare qualcosa in modo un po’ diverso.Vuol dire cambiare.
Can you see the difference?
Riesci a capire la differenza?
TODAY IS
PAGE 29
If I say:
John has a book.
Se io dico:
“
“
(1)
“ “
and John has a beautiful book.
e
“
“
or
“
“
(2)
“
o
John has a very beautiful, large, red book.
(3)
WHAT ARE THE CHANGES?
Che cosa è cambiato?
John has a book.
The book John has is
beautiful.
The book John has is
very beautiful
large
and
e
red.
PAGE 30
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
Grandma, I’am writing to you to show you all the descriptive adjectives I know.
Nonna, ti scrivo per farti vedere tutti gli aggettivi qualificativi che conosco.
MY HOMEWORK
Rewrite the following sentences and underline the adjectives. Write neatly!
Riscrivi le seguenti frasi e sottolinea gli aggettivi. Scrivi facendo molta attenzione!
1. The giraffe has a long neck.
__________________________
2. The sky is blue.
__________________________
3. The sun is bright.
__________________________
4. Clouds are white.
__________________________
5. Water is clear.
__________________________
TODAY IS
PAGE 31
6. Lions and tigers are ferocious animals.
__________________________
7. Young children are sometimes too active.
__________________________
8. Old people have beautiful faces.
__________________________
9. The white bear lives in very cold regions.
__________________________
10. Dogs are faithful and loving animals.
__________________________
CORRECTED EXERCISE
1.The giraffe has a long neck.
2. The sky is blue.
3. The sun is bright.
4. Clouds are white.
5. Water is clear.
6. Lions and tigers are ferocious animals.
7. Young children are sometimes too active.
8. Old people have beautiful faces.
9. The white bear lives in very cold regions.
10. Dogs are faithful and loving animals.
PAGE 32
5. MINI REVIEW : THE ALPHABET
Piccolo ripasso: l’alfabeto
I have already learned so many things. I like that stuff my grandpa, grandma, dad and
mom call Grammar. It’s neat! But Dad says I Am too impatient. I am impatient
because it’s fun. Adults say interesting or fascinating. By the way, I like that word
fascinating too. Do you want me to spell it?
Ho già imparato tanto. Mi piace quella cosa che mio nonno, nonna, papà e mamma
chiamano grammatica. È bello! Ma papà dice che sono troppo impaziente. Sono impaziente
perchè è divertente. Gli adulti dicono interessante o affascinante. A proposito, anche a me
piace la parola affascinante.Te la devo scrivere?
fascinating
f, a, s, s, i, n, a, t, i, n, g…. ?? !
“You made a BIG MISTAKE!”
Hai fatto un grande errore!”
I know, Mom, I know … I just wanted to see if you could spell fascinating! It’s…
Lo so mamma,lo so.. volevo solo vedere se sapevi scrivere fascinating!
f a s c i n a t i n g.
Do you still remember your alphabet? YES!
PAGE 33
Ti ricordi ancora l’alfabeto? SÌ !
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
“Good, very good! You deserve a reward!” my mom said.
Then she gave me a big kiss and squeezed me tight!
“Bravo,bravissimo! Meriti un premio!” ha detto la mamma. Poi mi ha dato un bacio e mi ha
stretto forte.
PAGE 34
6. VERB : TO HAVE
6. VERB : TO HAVE
Dear Grandpa,
Caro nonno,
I. Mom taught me something new today: a verb, the verb to have.
Oggi la mamma mi ha insegnato una cosa nuova: un verbo, il verbo to have .
Mom said:
I have a good child.
La mamma ha detto:
Io ho un buon figlio.
you have a good Dad.
tu hai un buon papà.
your little brother,
he has a good dad too.
il tuo fratellino,
anche lui ha un buon papà.
Your big sister,
she has a handsome brother.
la tua sorella maggiore,
lei ha un fratello bello.
your dog,
it has a good family.
il tuo cane,
esso ha una buona famiglia.
6. VERB : TO HAVE
PAGE 35
all of us,
we have good parents.
tutti noi,
noi abbiamo buoni genitori.
all of you,
you have fascinating parents.
tutti voi,
voi avete genitori affascinanti.
your friends,
they have fantastic parents.
I vostri amici,
loro hanno genitori fantastici.
NOW I CAN CONJUGATE THE VERB TO HAVE.
Adesso posso coniugare il verbo to have .
Do you want me to send it to you, Grandpa? Don’t forget to show it to Grandma.
Vuoi che te lo spedisco, nonno? Non dimenticare di farlo vedere alla nonna.
1. I have
_________
One person = singular
2. you have
_________
Una persona= singolare
3. he has, she has, it has
_________
several people = plural
1. we have
_________
più persone = plurale
2. you have
_________
3. they have
_________
PAGE 36
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
Let me sing the verb to have !
Lasciami cantare il verbo to have!
I have, you have, she has, he has, it has, we have, you have, they have …
Did you recognize the tune?
… It’s like
a, b, c, d, e, f, g,
Hai riconosciuto la canzone?
... È come
a,b,c,d,e,f,g, ...
and Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star. e
Twinkle,Twinkle Little Star.
Then Grandma said: “Do you know who composed the music?”
Poi la nonna ha detto: “Sai chi ha composto la musica?”
I looked at my Grandma… and with a beautiful smile, she said:
Ho guardato la mia nonna .... e con un bel sorriso lei ha detto:
It is a French Folk Tune « Ah!Vous dirais-je maman! » * Ah! If I were to tell you,
“È una canzone folcloristica francese”
Mom!
which became famous because of…
che diventò famosa dovuto a...
TODAY IS
PAGE 37
MOZART
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756-1791
PAGE 38
TODAY IS
Today is
Grandpa… Can you help me? I have to do an exercise.
Nonno….Mi puoi aiutare? Devo fare un esercizio.
Complete by using the proper person of the verb To have :
Completa usando la forma corretta del verbo To have:
1. I _____ two brothers and a baby sister.
2. My big brother ______ a mountain bike.
3. My little brother ______ a pair of roller skates.
4. My two brothers ______ chores to do in the yard.
5. My baby sister ______ a teddy bear.
6. In my family, we ______ one dog, two cats, a parrot and a hamster.
7. These animals ______ no babies yet.
TODAY IS
PAGE 39
8. I forgot one thing. My baby sister also______ a wooly lamb.
9. My dad always says: “You _____ too many toys.”
10. Then, my mom adds: “You ______ to think of the children who ______ no
toys.”
PAGE 40
7. VERB : TO BE
7. VERB : TO BE
Grandma, you know what Mom said:
Nonna,sai cosa ha detto la mamma?
“If you know the verb to have, it’s easy to learn the verb To Be.”
“Se conosci il verbo to have, è facile imparare il verbo to be.”
“Your mom is right…. Moms are always right.
You are right too because you are my grandchild….
I am right because I am your beloved grandma.
Your dad is right because he is your dad.
WE are right because … WE LOVE YOU!
YOU are right because… YOU LOVE US!”
You see…
Vedi …
How easy it is to learn a new verb!
Com’è facile imparare un verbo nuovo!
7. VERB : TO BE
PAGE 41
NOW I CAN CONJUGATE THE VERB
TO BE
Adesso posso coniugare il verbo to be.
THE VERB TO BE
Il verbo to be
Do you want me to give it to Grandpa? Don’t forget to show it to your mom.
Vuoi che io lo dia al nonno? Non dimenticare di farlo vedere alla mamma.
One person = singular
Several people = plural
1. I am
_________
2. you are
_________
3. he is, she is, it is
_________
1. we are
_________
2. you
_________
3. they
_________
I have to do an exercise but you don’t have to help me, Grandma, because I know
how. Mom showed me. She said to me: “ you are good, very good.” … I know I’m
good because my baby sister cannot do it yet.
Devo fare un esercizio, ma non mi devi aiutare nonna, perchè so come farlo. La
mamma mi ha insegnato. Mi ha detto: tu sei bravo,molto bravo.”... So che sono
bravo perchè la mia sorellina ancora non riesce a farlo.
PAGE 42
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
COMPLETE BY USING THE PROPER PERSON OF THE VERB TO BE:
Completa usando la forma corretta del verbo To be :
Example :
Completa seguendo il modello:
My book ______ easy. / My book is easy.
1. My baby sister ______ eight months old.
2. My parents ______very young and it ____ a pleasure to play with them.
3. Today ____ a beautiful day: Mom and Dad _____on vacation and _____going to
take us to the beach.
4. I _____ home because I have a cold: my fever _____high and Mom _____
worried.
5. We ______ six in my family: Mom, Dad, my baby sister, my big brother and me.
6. But that _____ only five.
TODAY IS
PAGE 43
7. “Yes! Because our dog _____ number six, Blockhead,” Lucy would have said to
Charlie Brown.
8. Lucy ____ a little pest but she ____ fond of Charlie Brown, according to Mom. He
____ so nonchalant sometimes.
9. They ____ a good pair.
10. “You ____ good kids,” my mother always says and you say:“You____right.” I
know I ____ right.
PAGE 44
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
Homework:
to be read two times.
leggere due volte.
Guess what?
Indovina?
This morning, I woke up with a terrible headache and one of those bad sore throats.
Mom said: “Drink this glass of orange juice and take these two baby aspirin. I’ll be
right back with a story book.”
Mom came back with two of those books I know by heart. These books are on the
second shelf of my little cabinet. Both are fairy tales. The first one was written by two
brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen.
First, Mom took two of those large pillows from that big closet in the hall and
propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time…” and I don’t remember
the rest of that story because I fell asleep.
Stamattina, mi sono svegliato con un forte mal di testa e con uno di quei dolorosi mal di
gola. La mamma ha detto:”Bevi questo succo d’arancia e prendi queste due aspirine. Torno
subito con un libro di racconti.” La mamma è tornata con due di quei libri che so a
memoria. Questi libri sono sul secondo scaffale del mio piccolo armadietto.Tutte e due sono
favole. Il primo è stato scritto da due fratelli, Jakob e Wilhelm Grimm.Il secondo è stato
scritto da Hans Christian Andersen.
Innanzitutto, la mamma ha preso due di quei cuscini grossi da quell’ armadio grande nel
corridoio e mi ha appoggiato su di essi. Poi la mamma cominciò:” C’era una volta...e non
mi ricordo il resto del racconto perchè mi sono addormentato.
PS: Sh, sh for you alone, Grandpa… you can read these books to Grandma too. Remember, they
are on the second shelf of that cabinet in my room.
TODAY IS
PAGE 45
P.S. Sh,sh solo per te nonno…puoi leggere questi libri anche alla nonna. Ricordati che sono nel
secondo scaffale di quell ’armadietto, nella mia stanza.
Tales by Hans Christian Andersen
Racconti di Hans Christian Andersen
1805-1875
1805-1875
Tales by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm
Racconti di Jakob e Wilhelm Grimm
Jakob
1785-1863
Wilhelm
1786-1869
PAGE 46
8. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
Dear Grandma and Grandpa,
Yesterday, I had a bad cold and I stayed in bed.
I learned something new with Mom. Mom said: “If you pay attention, I will show you
how to recognize a new type of Adjective.” They are the demonstrative adjectives.
She said: “Remember.. a demonstrative adjective needs a noun!”
Then she said: “There are four demonstrative adjectives. They are called
demonstrative because they point out a noun.”
Ieri avevo un brutto raffreddore e sono rimasto a letto.
Ho imparato una cosa nuova dalla mamma. La mamma ha detto: ”Se fai attenzione, ti
insegno come riconoscere un nuovo tipo di aggettivo.”
Si chiamano aggettivi dimostrativi.
Lei ha detto: “Ricordati ....un aggettivo dimostrativo ha bisogno di un sostantivo!”
Poi ha detto: “Ci sono quattro aggettivi dimostrativi. Sono chiamati dimostrativi perchè
indicano il sostantivo.”
PAGE 47
THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
2 for the singular
this
and
that
+ a NOUN
2 for the the plural
these
and
those
___________________________________
2 per il singolare
this
and
that
+ un SOSTANTIVO
2 per il plurale
these
and
those
___________________________________
Examples: I like this book but I prefer that story
These books are big. Those stories are short.
I will have to learn how to recognize them but it’s easy. I will show you, Grandma and
Grandpa. I know some tricks….
Dovrò imparare a riconoscerli ma è facile. Ti faccio vedere, nonno, e anche a te, nonna.
Conosco alcuni trucchi....
PAGE 48
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
HOMEWORK:
Read this passage and underline the demonstrative adjectives.
Leggi questo paragrafo e sottolinea gli aggettivi dimostrativi.
Example:
This morning…
This morning...
right back with a story book.”
brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian
Andersen.
propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time…” and I don’t remember
the rest of that story because I fell asleep.
… more to come
… continua
Grandpa… Do you want me to show you where the nouns are?
Then you can tell Grandma. I will write d.a.for the demonstrative adjectives and n.
for the nouns. I’ll show you how to do it.
Nonno...vuoi che ti faccia vedere dove sono i sostantivi? Dopo puoi dirlo alla nonna.
Scriverò D.A. per aggettivi dimostrativi e N. per sostantivi. Ti faccio vedere come si fa.
TODAY IS
PAGE 49
TODAY IS
HOMEWORK:
Write n below each underlined noun
and
d a below each demonstrative adjective.
Scrivi n sotto ogni sostantivo
e
d a sotto ogni aggettivo dimostrativo.
right back with a storybook.”
brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen.
propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time and I don’t remember the
rest of that story because I fell asleep.
Don’t look before you finish the exercise yourself.
Non guardare le risposte sotto finchè non hai finito l’esercizio da solo.
PAGE 50
TODAY IS
CORRECTED EXERCISE
da
n
n
da
n
n
da n
n
da
n
right back with a storybook.”
n
n
da
n
n
da
n
n
n
n
brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen.
n
n
n
n
n
da
n
da
n
n
propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time and I don’t remember the
n
n
rest of that story because I fell asleep.
n
da
n
9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20
PAGE 51
Grandpa,
Do you remember, Grandpa, when I told Mom that I had repeated “descriptive
adjective” one hundred times...?
Ti ricordi, nonno, quando ho detto alla mamma che avevo ripetuto “descriptive
adjective” cento volte…?
Well… It was not really true but I wanted to impress my Mom who always says, “ If I
told you once, I told you a hundred times… wipe your feet before you come into the
house.”
Is a hundred times more than my ten fingers?
Beh..non era vero, però volevo fare bella figura con la mamma che mi dice sempre,
“Se te l’ho detto una volta, te l’ho detto cento volte... pulisci le scarpe prima di entrare
in casa.”
Cento volte sono più delle mie dieci dita?
“Of course,” said Grandpa….
“Certo,” ha detto il nonno….
I repeated everything to Grandma because she always wants to know. First Grandpa
said:
“You have two hands and ten fingers.
Ho ripetuto tutto alla nonna perchè lei vuole sempre sapere. Prima il nonno ha detto:
Tu hai due mani e dieci dita.
You have two legs.
Tu hai due gambe
You have two feet and ten toes.
Tu hai due piedi e dieci dita dei piedi.
PAGE 52
You have two arms, two shoulders
Hai due braccia, due spalle.
You have two ears, two eyes..
Hai due orecchie, due occhi.
but you only have ONE HEAD.”
però hai solo UNA TESTA.”
Let me count everything and I will write it all down because I want to impress my
Mom … and Dad too.
I’ll use my fingers first and I will repeat each number three times:
Lasciami contare tutto e poi lo scriverò perchè voglio fare bella figura con la mamma... e
anche con papà. Prima di tutto userò le mie dita e poi ripeterò ogni numero tre volte:
WRITE
1.
one
__________________
2.
two
__________________
3.
three
__________________
PAGE 53
4.
four
__________________
5.
five
__________________
6.
six
__________________
7.
seven
__________________
8.
eight
_____ _____________
9.
nine
__________________
10.
ten
__________________
Once you know them, the rest is easy. Let’s count….
Una volta che li sai, il resto è facile. Contiamo....
Eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen and
TWENTY:
WRITE
11.
eleven
__________________
12.
twelve
__________________
PAGE 54
13.
thirteen
__________________
4.
fourteen
__________________
15.
fifteen
__________________
16.
sixteen
__________________
17.
seventeen
__________________
18.
eighteen
__________________
19.
nineteen
__________________
20.
TWENTY
__________________
I think that’s enough for today Grandpa because I only have ten fingers, ten toes and
one head.
Io penso che questo può bastare per oggi, nonno, perchè ho solo dieci dita, dieci dita
dei piedi e una testa.
“Do you remember what Lucy said to Charlie Brown?” asked Grandpa … “You can
do it, Charlie Brown!”
“Ti ricordi cosa disse Lucy a Charlie Brown?” chiese il nonno... “ce la puoi fare,
Charlie Brown!”
PAGE 55
I know Charlie Brown. All my Charlie Brown books are numbers three, four, five and
six on the third shelf of my little cabinet.
Io conosco Charlie Brown.Tutti i miei libri di Charlie Brown sono numerati tre, quattro,
cinque e sei e si trovano sul terzo scaffale del mio piccolo armadietto.
sh, sh, sh….
Sh, sh, sh…
For my playmates who might have forgotten, here are the Charlie Brown books my
Dad likes best:
Per i miei compagni di giochi che forse si sono dimenticati, ecco i libri di Charlie
Brown che piacciono di più a mio papà :
Charles M. Schultz.
Peanuts
Snoopy
Go Fly a Kite, Charlie Brown
You Can Do It, Charlie Brown
PAGE 56
10. NUMBERS - ADDITION
Dear Grandpa,
I have a secret… but don’t tell Mom.
Ho un segreto..ma non lo dire alla mamma.
You know what…..? I CAN COUNT, Grandpa….. Grandma showed me how. Ask
me… anything:
Sai una cosa..? POSSO CONTARE, nonno...La nonna mi ha insegnato come si fa. Chiedimi
... qualsiasi cosa:
WRITE
1
+
2
=
Three
2
+
2
=
____________
3
+
2
=
____________
4
+
2
=
____________
PAGE 57
5
+
2
=
____________
6
+
2
=
____________
7
+
2
=
____________
8
+
2
=
____________
Wait, wait, I know more….
Aspetta, aspetta, so di più….
2
+
2
=
____________
3
+
3
=
____________
4
+
4
=
____________
5
+
5
=
____________
6
+
6
=
____________
7
+
7
=
____________
PAGE 58
8
+
8
=
____________
9
+
9
=
____________
10
+
10
=
____________
Bravo! Bravo,” My Grandpa said…. “You are fantastic, terrific!…”
Bravo! Bravo, “ha detto il mio nonno ....” Tu sei fantastico, meraviglioso!...”
I blushed a little bit … but I knew Grandpa was right. I counted and counted every night
on my ten fingers first then in my head. I wanted Grandpa to be proud of me.
Sono un po’ arrossito …ma sapevo che il nonno aveva ragione. Contavo e contavo
ogni notte; prima sulle mie dieci dita e poi a mente. Volevo che il nonno fosse
orgoglioso di me.
CORRECTED EXERCISES
EXERCISE I
1
+
2
=
three
2
+
2
=
four
PAGE 59
3
+
2
=
five
4
+
2
=
six
5
+
2
=
seven
6
+
2
=
eight
7
+
2
=
nine
8
+
2
=
ten
EXERCISE II
2
+
2
=
four
3
+
3
=
six
4
+
4
=
eight
5
+
5
=
ten
PAGE 60
6
+
6
=
twelve
7
+
7
=
fourteen
8
+
8
=
sixteen
9
+
9
=
eighteen
10
+
10
=
twenty
11. INTERLUDE : HOME ON THE RANGE
PAGE 61
Dear Grandpa,
I have a big surprise for you. Mom was playing the piano and she said: “ It’s
time for you to learn a beautiful song by heart because it will help you later on in
school ….”
So we sat together on the bench. My mother played the song five times and we
read the lines together… five times and we sang it together five times….
Ho una grande sorpresa per te. La mamma mentre suonava il piano mi ha detto: ”È
ora che tu impari una bella canzone a memoria perchè ti aiuterà più avanti a
scuola…”.
Perciò ci siamo seduti insieme sullo sgabello. La mamma ha suonato la canzone
cinque volte e abbiamo letto le righe insieme…cinque volte e l’abbiamo cantata
insieme cinque volte….
Sit down, Grandpa, and listen. It’s my surprise for you and for Grandma too.
Siediti, nonno, e ascolta. È la mia sorpresa per te ed anche per la nonna.
PAGE 62
Home on The Range
Oh, give me a home, where the buffalo roam,
Where the deer and the antelope play;
Where seldom is heard a discouraging word,
And the skies are not cloudy all day.
Chorus
Home, home on the range,
Where the deer and the antelope play;
Where seldom is heard a discouraging word,
And the skies are not cloudy all day.
12. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
PAGE 63
Home on The Range
This song was first printed in 1911. It is said to have been sung on the doorstep of
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s home by a group of newspaper reporters the night he was
first elected President.
Questa canzone è stata stampata, la prima volta, nel 1911. Si dice che è stata cantata
davanti alla porta della casa di Franklin D. Roosevelt da un gruppo di giornalisti, la
sera che è stato eletto presidente.
* Appendix: Music for Home on the Range.
PAGE 64
Yesterday, I stayed home.
I learned something new with Mom. Mom said: “If you pay attention, I will show you
how to recognize a new type of Adjective. They are the Interrogative Adjectives.”
She said: “Remember like the demonstrative adjective, the interrogative adjective
needs a noun!” Then she said: ”There are three Interrogative Adjectives. They are
called interrogative because they are used in asking questions.”
Cari nonna e nonno,
Ieri sono rimasto a casa.
Ho imparato una cosa nuova con la mamma. La mamma mi ha detto: “Se fai attenzione ti
mostrerò come si riconosce un nuovo tipo di aggettivo. Sono gli aggettivi interrogativi.” Lei
ha detto: “Ricordati che, come gli aggettivi dimostrativi, gli aggettivi interrogativi hanno
bisogno di un sostantivo!” Poi ha detto: “Ci sono tre Aggettivi Interrogativi. Sono chiamati
interrogativi perchè sono usati quando si fanno domande.”
THE THREE INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES :
I tre Aggettivi Interrogativi sono:
TODAY IS
PAGE 65
Which
+
NOUN ?
What
+
NOUN ?
Whose *
+
NOUN ?
Examples:
Which book do you read?
(noun)
What language do you speak?
(noun)
Whose pencil is this?
(noun)
Attention!
Do not confuse Whose and Who’s ( Who is…)
See Interrogative Pronouns later on.
Attenzione! Non confondere Whose e Who’s (who is...) Vedi pronomi interrogativi
più avanti.
I will have to learn how to recognize them but it’s easy. I will show you Grandma and
Grandpa.
Dovrò imparare a riconoscerli ma è facile. Vi farò vedere, nonna e nonno.
TODAY IS
HOMEWORK:
Read the following sentences and underline the
interrogative adjectives.
PAGE 66
TODAY IS
Leggi le seguenti frasi e sottolinea l’aggettivo interrogativo.
Example:
What time is it?
What time is it?
1.
Which animals do you like best?
2.
What day do you go to church?
3.
Which night does Santa Claus come?
4.
Which months are the summer months?
5.
Whose book are you reading?
6.
Which chores do you dislike most at home?
7.
Whose idea was it?
8.
What projects do your parents have for the summer?
9.
Do you know which school you will attend in the Fall?
10.
Which country would you like to visit?
… more to come
… ce ne sono ancora più avanti
Grandpa… Do you want me to show you where all the nouns are?
Then you can tell Grandma. I will write
for the nouns. I’ll show you how to do it.
i a for the interrogative adjectives and n
Nonno... Vuoi che ti mostri dove sono tutti i sostantivi?
Dopo lo puoi dire alla nonna. Io scriverò i a per aggettivi interrogativi e n per
sostantivi. Ti faccio vedere come si fa.
TODAY IS
PAGE 67
TODAY IS
HOMEWORK:
Write n below each underlined noun and ia below each
interrogative adjective.
Scrivi n sotto ogni sostantivo sottolineato e i a sotto ogni aggettivo interrogativo.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Whose idea was it?
8.
PAGE 68
TODAY IS
9.
10.
Don’t look before you finish the exercise yourself.
Non guardare finchè non finisci l’esercizio da solo.
TODAY IS
PAGE 69
CORRECTED EXERCISES
1.
Ia
2.
Ia
3.
n
n
Ia
4.
n
n
n
ia
7.
n
n
ia
9.
n
Whose idea was it?
ia
8.
n
Ia
6.
n
ia
5.
n
n
n
Ia
10.
n
n
n
ia
n
PAGE 70
13. DAYS, WEEKS AND SEASONS
Dear Grandma,
I promised Grandpa that I would write to you. How are you, Grandma? Did you
sleep well? Did you think of me … because I thought of you. I have a big surprise for
you because I know the days of the week, the months of the year and the seasons of
the year … and I know them by heart. I am going to write them for you. Correct my
mistakes, Grandma.
Cara nonna,
Ho promesso al nonno di scriverti. Come stai, nonna? Hai dormito bene? Mi hai pensato...
perchè io ti ho pensato. Ho una grande sorpresa per te, io so i giorni della settimana, i mesi
dell’anno e le stagioni dell’anno… e li so a memoria. Te li scrivo. Correggi i miei errori,
nonna.
Grandma, there are 7 days in a week: Nonna, ci sono sette giorni in una settimana:
THE DAYS OF THE WEEK
I Giorni della Settimana
WRITE
Monday
_________________________
Tuesday
_________________________
Wednesday
_________________________
PAGE 71
Thursday
_________________________
Friday
_________________________
Saturday
_________________________
Sunday
_________________________
.
And …
Il primo giorno della settimana è lunedi.
The last day of the week is Sunday.
L’ultimo giorno della settimana è domenica.
THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR
I Mesi dell’Anno
There are twelve months in a year.
Ci sono dodici mesi in un anno.
WRITE
PAGE 72
January
_________________________
February
_________________________
March
_________________________
April
_________________________
May
_________________________
June
_________________________
July
_________________________
August
_________________________
September
_________________________
October
_________________________
November
_________________________
December
_________________________
TODAY IS
PAGE 73
TODAY IS
Grandma, it is Grandpa who showed me how to write like this because he said you
sent him love letters in pretty handwriting. He told me you were very romantic. I
don’t know what that means but it is beautiful. I think I want to be romantic too. Just
like you, Grandma!
Nonna... il nonno mi ha insegnato a scrivere così perchè mi ha detto che gli mandavi lettere
d’amore con questa calligrafia che è molto bella. Mi ha detto che eri molto romantica. Non
so cosa voglia dire ma è bello. Penso che anch’io voglio essere romantico. Esattamente
come te, nonna!
THE SEASONS OF THE YEAR
Le Stagioni dell’Anno
There are four seasons in a year :
Ci sono quattro stagioni in un anno:
WRITE
Spring
_________________________
Summer
_________________________
Autumn
_________________________
Winter
_________________________
PAGE 74
14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE
“Grandma, I saw a picture of you when you were a little girl. You were very beautiful,
Grandma, and I love you very much.
Will you show me other pictures, please?
“Nonna, ho visto una tua foto quando eri fanciulla. Eri molto bella, nonna, e ti voglio
molto bene.
Per favore, mi fai vedere altre foto?
“But, Grandma, how did you fall in love with Grandpa? Was it like Mom and Dad?
They once told me they thought of each other every day and every night! Oh Boy!”
“Nonna, ma come ti sei innamorata del nonno? Era come la mamma e il papà? Una
volta mi hanno detto che si pensavano ogni giorno e ogni notte! Oh dio mio!”
“One day, your grandpa, who was very handsome, recited four lines from a beautiful
poem …. and that was the beginning of our love story. I closed my eyes and I
repeated every single line after your grandpa.”
“Un giorno,tuo nonno, che era molto bello,ha recitato quattro versi da una bella
poesia... e così cominciò la nostra storia d’amore. Ho chiuso gli occhi e ho ripetuto
ogni sua parola.”
“Oh, Grandma … can you still remember the four lines?”
“Nonna... ti ricordi ancora, i quattro versi?
“Of course….”
“ma certo….”
PAGE 75
O,My Luve is Like a Red Red Rose
O, il mio amore è come una rosa rossa rossa
O, my luve is like a red red rose
O, il mio amore è come una rosa rossa rossa
That’s newly sprung in June :
Che è appena nata in giugno:
O, my luve is like a melodie
O, il mio amore è come una melodia
That’s sweetly played in tune.
Che viene suonata dolcemente in tono.
“Grandma, it is so beautiful ! I want to know it by heart too because when I grow up
I want to be like Grandpa.”
“Nonna, è così bella! Anch’io la voglio sapere a memoria perchè quando sarò più grande
voglio essere come il nonno.”
“But, Grandma, why do you say luve ?”
“Ma, nonna, perchè dici luve?”
“It is because this beautiful poem was written by a poet who lived in Scotland more
than two hundred years ago. The same way melody is spelled the French way,
“melodie” *. So you see, you know a French word ! “
“È perchè questa bella poesia è stata scritta da un poeta che è vissuto in Scozia più di
duecento anni fa. Così come “melody” in francese si scrive, “melodie.”* Vedi, adesso sai
una parola francese!”
A few explanations:
Alcune spiegazioni:
These four lines – we call them verses - were written by Robert Burns, the national
poet of Scotland. The whole poem contains four stanzas and each stanza has four
lines. ( See the whole poem after the exercises. )
PAGE 76
Queste quattro righe-le chiamiamo versi - sono state scritte da Robert Burns, il poeta
nazionale della Scozia. Tutta la poesia contiene quattro strofe e ogni strofa ha quattro righe.
(Vedere tutta la poesia dopo gli esercizi.)
mélodie in French with an accent on the e
In francese con un accento sulla e
EXERCISE
Try to answer the following questions:
Prova a rispondere alle seguenti domande:
1. What is the color of the rose?
Di che colore è la rosa?
_______________________________________________________
2. First line : To what flower does the poet compare his love?
Prima strofa: Il poeta paragona il suo amore a quale fiore?
_______________________________________________________
3. Second line: In which month of the year has the rose
sprung?
Seconda strofa: In quale mese dell’anno è nata la rosa?
_________________________________________________________________
4. Third line: To what does the poet also compare his love?
Terza strofa: Il poeta paragona il suo amore a cos’ altro, ancora?
PAGE 77
5. Fourth line: How is the melody played? What are the two ways?
Quarta strofa: Come viene suonata la melodia? Quali sono i due modi?
_______________________________________________________
6. What does sweetly mean? Can you think of another word?
Cosa vuol dire dolcemente? Puoi pensare ad un’altra parola?
_______________________________________________________
7. Why do you think the poet said sweetly and not softly, for instance? Can you think
of one reason?
Perchè pensi che il poeta abbia detto dolcemente invece di delicatamente? Per quale
ragione?
_______________________________________________________
8. And how is the melody played also?
In quale altro modo è suonata la melodia?
_______________________________________________________
9. Do you know the word “tune”?
Conosci la parola “tune”? (tono)
_______________________________________________________
10. Do you like music? What is your favorite song?
Ti piace la musica? Qual’ è la tua canzone preferita?
Good ! It’s very good ! I knew you could to it without looking at the corrected
Exercise.
Bravo! Bravissimo! Sapevo che potevi farlo senza guardare gli esercizi corretti.
PAGE 78
You may look at the Corrected Exercise now…
Adesso puoi guardare gli esercizi corretti…
CORRECTED EXERCISE
1. What is the color of the rose?
The rose is red.
2. First line : To what flower does the poet compare his love?
The poet compares his love to a red rose.
3. Second line: In which month of the year has the rose sprung?
The rose has newly sprung in June.
4. Third line: To what does the poet also compare his love?
The poet compares his love to a melody.
5. Fourth line: How is the melody played? What are the two ways?
The melody is seeetly played in tune. The melody is sweetly played and is in
tune.
6. What does sweetly mean? Can you think of another word?
Gently, nicely, softly or melodiously.
7. Why do you think the poet said sweetly and not softly, for instance? Can you think
of one reason?
The poet said sweetly and not softly because the poet thinks of his love , of the
sweetness of his love.
PAGE 79
8. And how is the melody played also?
The melody is played in tune.
9. Do you know the word “tune?”
Yes , the word tune means in accord , in perfect accord.
10. Do you like music? What is your favorite song?
My favorite song is “Jingle Bells”.
PAGE 80
O, My Luve is Like a Red, Red Rose
MODERN VERSION
Original version
0, my luve is like a red red rose
Oh, my love is like a red, red rose
That's newly sprung in June:
That’s newly sprung in June:
0, my luve is like a melodie
Oh, my love is like a melody
That's sweetly played in tune.
That’s sweetly played in tune.
As fair art thou, my bonie lass,
As fair are you, my bonnie lass,*
So deep in luve am I;
So deep in love am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
And I will love you still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry.
Till all the seas go dry.
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
Till all the seas go dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi' the sun;
And the rocks melt with the sun;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
And I will love you still, my dear,
While the sands o' life shall run.
While the sands of life shall run.
And fare thee weel, my only luve!
And farewell to you, my only love!
And fare thee weel a while!
And farewell to you a while!
And I will come again, my luve,
And I will come again, my love,
Tho’it were ten thousand mile.
Though it were ten thousand miles.
*bonnie lass = pretty girl
ragazza bella
PAGE 81
“Oh, Grandma… it is so beautiful !”
“I knew you would like it…. For the time being, just learn the first stanza by heart.
That’s the first four verses. When you recite them to Grandpa, he will be very proud
and happy….”
“Oh,nonna….è così bella!”
Sapevo che ti sarebbe piaciuta... adesso, impara solo la prima strofa a memoria che
corrisponde ai primi quattro versi. Quando la reciterai al nonno, lui sarà molto fiero e
felice..”
“Since you like this poem so much, I am going to tell you more about Robert
Burns…… Robert Burns was born in 1759. The eldest of seven, he spent his youth
working on his father’s farm. The family was very poor but that didn’t prevent him
from being very well read. He is known as the “Ploughman Poet”. He even wrote
songs, more than 400….He died very young. He was only 37 and he is remembered as
the national bard of Scotland”.
“Dato che ti piace questa poesia così tanto adesso ti dico di più su Robert Burns….
Robert Burns è nato nel 1759. Era il maggiore di sette figli e passò la sua gioventù
lavorando nella fattoria di suo padre. La sua famiglia era molto povera ma questo
non gli proibì di essere ben istruito. Lui è conosciuto come il “Poeta Ploughman”.
Ha scritto anche delle canzoni, più di 400. È morto molto giovane. Aveva solo 37
anni ed è ricordato come il bardo nazionale di Scozia.”
“ What is a bard, Grandma?”
“Che cosa è un bardo,nonna?”
“ A bard is a gifted poet-singer who composes and recites verses about heroes and
their great actions.”
“Un bardo è un premiato cantastorie che compone e recita versi di eroi e delle loro
grandi azioni.”
“So, Grandma, if I tell you that I love you because you make the best apple pie in the
world, the best chili, the best chocolate mousse, the best… will I be a bard ?”
PAGE 82
“Allora, nonna, se io ti dicessi che ti voglio bene perchè fai la migliore torta di mele
di questo mondo, il migliore chili, la migliore mousse di cioccolato, il migliore…
sarei un bardo?”
“ Yes, my love, but you will have to say all these things ..
“Sì, amore mio, ma dovrai dire tutte queste cose...
…like a melody.
That’s sweetly played in tune.”
… “Oh my, grandma, you are like a red, red rose
That’s newly sprung in June:
Oh, my love is like a melody
That’s sweetly played in tune.”
“I knew you would learn it by heart,” said Grandma.
“I changed the first line because I love my Grandma so much.”
“Sapevo che la imparavi a memoria,” ha detto la nonna.
“Ho cambiato il primo verso perchè alla mia nonnina le voglio tanto bene.”
15. GRANDPA SAID ...
PAGE 83
15. GRANDPA SAID ...
Grandpa said : “ If you want to do well in school, you have to be well organized :
Il nonno ha detto: “Se vuoi essere bravo a scuola, devi essere ben organizzato:
1.
You have to have a good notebook.
Devi avere un buon quaderno.
2.
You have to write neatly.
Devi scrivere bene.
3.
You have to learn how to underline certain rules, certain facts. You may
use some color pens. Devi imparare a sottolineare alcune regole, certi fatti.
Potresti usare alcune penne colorate.
4.
You have to learn how to remember certain facts. You use your heart,…
you learn BY HEART, because you know that it is going to be
important for you…. Devi imparare come ricordarti di certi fatti. Usa la tua
memoria, impara a memoria perchè tu sai che sarà importante per te....
5.
Why ? Perchè?
6.
“Because you want to be the BEST.” “Perchè vuoi essere il migliore.”
I know what I am going to do. I am going to send to Grandma the most important
things I learn so far. She will be so happy that she will say ”What a fine grandchild I
have … !” Next time I see my Grandma, I will try not to blush because when I blush
– I don’t blush all the time – Mom says that I am as red as a lobster. I don’t like
lobsters... besides they are red when they are dead.
So cosa farò. Manderò alla nonna tutte le cose più importanti che ho imparato fino
ad ora. Lei sarà molto felice e dirà, “Che bravo nipote che ho..!” La prossima volta
che vedrò mia nonna, proverò a non arrossire perchè quando arrossisco (non
arrossisco sempre) la mamma dice che sono rosso come un’aragosta. Non mi
piacciono le aragoste... e poi sono rosse quando sono morte.
PAGE 84
16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I
16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1
RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I
1. What are the 26 letters of the Alphabet?
Quali sono le 26 lettere dell’alfabeto?
_____________________________________________________________
2. What do nouns name ?
Cosa indicano i sostantivi?
____________________
____________________
____________________
3. What is a descriptive adjective ?
Cos’è un aggettivo qualificativo?
_____________________________________________________________
4. Who made the music of Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star famous?
Chi ha fatto diventare famosa la musica di Twinkle Twinkle Little Star?
_____________________________________________________________
PAGE 85
5.What are the three persons in the singular of a verb?
Quali sono le tre persone singolari di un verbo?
_____________________________________________________________
6. What are the three persons in the plural of a verb ?
Quali sono le tre persone plurali di un verbo?
_____________________________________________________________
7. What are the four demonstrative adjectives?
Quali sono i quattro aggettivi dimostrativi?
Singular
(2)
____________________
Plural
(2)
____________________
8. Conjugate the present tense of the verbs
Coniuga i verbi usando il tempo presente
To have
and
To be
_______________
_________________
_______________
_________________
_______________
_________________
PAGE 86
_______________
_________________
_______________
_________________
_______________
_________________
CORRECTED EXERCISE OF GRAMMAR REVIEW 1
1. What are the 26 letters of the Alphabet?
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
2. What do nouns name?
Persons
Animals
Things
3. What is a descriptive adjective?
4. Who made the music of Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star famous?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756 - 1791
PAGE 87
5. What are the three persons in the singular of a verb?
1.
First person
I
2.
Second person
you
3.
Third person
he, she, it
6. What are the three persons in the plural of a verb ?
1.
First person
we
2.
Second person
you
3.
Third person
they
Singular
(2)
this
that
+
Plural
(2)
these
NOUN
those
8. Conjuguate the present tense of the verbs.
TO HAVE
and
TO BE
I have
I am
you have
you are
he, she, it has
he, she, it is
PAGE 88
we have
we are
you have
you are
they have
they are
Grandpa, don’t you think I did pretty well?… I only made… one or two mistakes. My
Dad always says that it is a lack of concentration. I really don’t know what that word
means but I like the word very much. Mom says that I should pay attention and she
doesn’t not want me to watch television when I read orwhen I do my homework.
You cannot do two things at the same time and besides, my cat always comes into my
room when I need to concentrate (I repeat after Dad because he seems to like this
word too). You have concentration when you concentrate and you lack concentration
if you concentrate on your cat instead of your homework. You can see that I really
like these two words.
Nonno, non pensi che ho fatto abbastanza bene…? Ho fatto solo uno o due errori.
Papà dice sempre che è una mancanza di concentrazione. Veramente non so cosa
vuol dire quella parola ma mi piace molto. La mamma dice che devo fare attenzione
e lei non vuole che io guardi la televisione quando leggo o quando faccio i compiti.
Non puoi fare due cose contemporaneamente. In più, il mio gatto viene sempre in
camera mia quando ho bisogno di concentrarmi (ripeto ciò che dice papà. Sembra
che anche a lui piaccia questa parola). Hai la concentrazione quando ti concentri ma
la perdi se ti concentri sul gatto invece che sui compiti. Si vede che mi piacciono
queste due parole.
By the way, my cat’s name is Scarlatti.
A proposito, il mio gatto si chiama Scarlatti.
I’ll tell you why my Dad named him Scarlatti.
Ti dico perchè il mio papà l’ha chiamato Scarlatti.
”Grandpa…. Did you know how to spell when you were little?”
“Nonno... sapevi scrivere quando eri giovane?”
PAGE 89
“Why do you ask this question ?”
“Perchè fai questa domanda?”
“Because I don’t know how to spell many words.”
“Perchè non so scrivere molte parole.”
“If you don’t know the spelling of a word, you open a dictionary.”
“Se non sai come si scrive una parola, apri un dizionario.”
“Grandma told me that you are very good at Scrabble and that Grandma has to
concentrate very hard. Am I too little to have a dictionary ?”
“La nonna mi ha detto che sei molto bravo a SCRABBLE e che la nonna si deve
concentrare molto. Sono troppo piccolo per avere un dizionario?”
“No, there are dictionaries for everyone. I open the dictionary two or three times a
day. That’s the way to make progress and to learn how to spell.”
“No, ci sono dizionari per tutti. Io apro il dizionario due o tre volte al giorno. È così
che fai progressi e impari a scrivere.”
“Mom and Dad gave me a little dictionary. I am going to check all the words I learn
every day. Thank you Grandpa. Tell Grandma I’m going to give her my spelling list.”
“La mamma e il papà mi hanno dato un piccolo dizionario. Io controllerò tutte le
parole che imparo ogni giorno.Grazie nonno. Di’ alla nonna che le darò la mia lista
di parole.”
PAGE 90
17. SPELL CHECK : MY ROOM
CONTROLLO ORTOGRAFICO: La mia camera
NAME WHAT YOU HAVE IN YOUR ROOM AND RECOPY ALL THE WORDS :
Descrivi quello che hai nella tua stanza e ricopia tutte le parole:
My Room
my bed
______________________________
a blanket
______________________________
a pillow
______________________________
two sheets
______________________________
a closet
______________________________
a window
______________________________
curtains
______________________________
PAGE 91
my pajamas
______________________________
pairs of socks
______________________________
slippers
______________________________
my shoes
______________________________
my shirts
______________________________
tee shirts
______________________________
underwear
______________________________
three sweat shirts
______________________________
two baseball caps
______________________________
my gym shorts
______________________________
my sneakers
______________________________
PAGE 92
a desk
______________________________
a chair
______________________________
a lamp
______________________________
bookshelves
______________________________
books
______________________________
pens
______________________________
pencils
______________________________
an eraser
______________________________
my school bag
______________________________
notebooks
______________________________
pictures
______________________________
PAGE 93
games
______________________________
stuffed animals
______________________________
my sister’s picture
______________________________
my brother’s picture
______________________________
my parents’ picture
______________________________
my grandparents’ picture ______________________________
PAGE 94
18. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Dear Grandpa and Dear Grandma,
Thank you for the beautiful dictionary you gave me. I will open it everyday.
Mom uses it too and I think my Daddy took it when I was in bed. Maybe he was
looking for the word ….
Grazie per il bellissimo dizionario che mi avete dato. Lo aprirò ogni giorno. Anche la
mamma lo usa e penso che il mio papà lo abbia preso quando ero a letto. Forse
cercava la parola…..
supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.
My cat is sick. I think he has a cold or something. Should I give him some cough
syrup? I put my scarf around his neck. Say a prayer for Scarlatti. That’s his name.
Il mio gatto è ammalato. Credo che abbia un raffreddore o qualcos’altro. Gli dovrei
dare un po’ di sciroppo? Gli ho messo la mia sciarpa intorno al collo. Di’ una
preghiera per Scarlatti. Si chiama così.
I love you. Lots of kisses from
Ti voglio bene. Tanti baci da
me
PS: Yesterday, Mom told me all about the Possessive Adjectives and Mom said that
you would be very happy to see my homework. So… here it is. Scarlatti sends you a
kiss too.
PS: Ieri, la mamma mi ha detto tutto sugli aggettivi possessivi e ha detto che sarete
molto contenti di vedere i miei compiti. Perciò eccoli... Anche Scarlatti ti manda un
bacio.
PAGE 95
MY HOMEWORK for Grandpa and Grandma
Underline all the possessive adjectives:
Sottolinea tutti gli aggettivi possessivi:
My mom is a beautiful mom. I know it and our daddy and our friends say that she is
the best cook in the world. My sister, Michele, and my brother, Philip are her helpers
in the kitchen. They love it when our Aunt Mathilda comes with her husband, Francis
and their baby, Arthur. You know why? Because they can prepare their favorite recipe
which is pancakes with blueberries and maple syrup. Sometimes they fight and I can
hear them: “No, it’s not your turn… it’s my turn.” I know my brother, Philip. It is
always his turn and my sister, Michele, always says that her pancakes are thicker than
Philip’s pancakes. I know one thing… their pancakes are very good. There is a
blueberry bush right in the back yard. Its berries are the tastiest. It’s true !
CORRECTED EXERCISE:
My mom is a beautiful mom. I know it and our daddy and our friends say that
she is the best cook in the world. My sister, Michele, and my brother, Philip are her
helpers in the kitchen. They love it when our Aunt Mathilda comes with her husband,
Francis and their baby, Arthur. You know why? Because they can prepare their
favorite recipe which is pancakes with blueberries and maple syrup. Sometimes they
fight and I can hear them: “No, it’s not your turn… it’s my turn.” I know my brother,
Philip. It is always his turn and my sister, Michele, always says that her pancakes are
thicker than Philip’s pancakes. I know one thing… their pancakes are very good.
There is a blueberry bush right in the back yard. Its berries are the tastiest. It’s true !
PS:. Mom says to pay attention when we spell. Look Grandma, I know the
difference between “Its berries… and It’s true.”
PS: La mamma dice di fare attenzione quando si scrive. Guarda, nonna, so la
differenza fra “Its berries... e It’s true”.
PAGE 96
its is a possessive adjective
È un aggettivo possessivo
and
it’s is short for it is.
It’s è un’abbreviazione di it is
Now I know when to write its and when to write it’s.
Adesso so quando si scrive its e quando si scrive it’s.
For my Grandpa and my Grandma.
My Daddy helped me.
Per il mio Nonno e la mia Nonna.
Papà mi ha aiutato.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
AGGETTIVI POSSESSIVI
MY LIST
la mia lista
singular
my, your, his, her, its,
plural
our, your, their
SINGULAR
PLURAL
1st person singular
my
1st person plural
our
2nd person singular
your
2nd person plural
your
3rd person singular
his (masculine)
3rd person plural
their
her (feminine)
its for things and animals
per cose e animali
PAGE 97
my book
my books
the same person
la stessa persona
her dog
her dogs
the same person
la stessa persona
but Daddy said…
Our cat
ma il babbo ha detto...
= several people but ONE animal.
Indica più persone ma un solo animale.
Our cats
= several people and several animals.
Indica più persone e più animali.
By the way, do you remember who these people are and what they wrote ?
A proposito, ti ricordi chi erano queste persone e che cosa avevano scritto?
Charles Schultz
________________________
Hans Christian Andersen
________________________
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm
________________________
See correct responses….
Vedi le risposte corrette
Charles Schultz
Charlie Brown
Hans Christian Andersen
Tales
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm
Tales
PAGE 98
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
MY HOMEWORK
Underline all the possessive adjectives:
Sottolinea tutti gli aggettivi possessivi:
1. I love my cat and his name is Scarlatti.
2. It’s my Dad who helped me with my work.
3. Our school bus is late this morning.
4. Michele and Philip finished their cereal.
5. His bike is red but her bike is purple.
6. Is your house on my street too?
7. Sam lost his new lunch box.
8. Did you wash behind your ears?
9. Her sister is crying.
10. Our cousins brought their own games to our house.
TODAY IS
PAGE 99
CORRECTED EXERCISE
1. I love my cat and his name is Scarlatti.
2. It’s my Dad who helped me with my work.
3. Our school bus is late this morning.
4. Michele and Philip finished their cereal.
5. His bike is red but her bike is purple.
6. Is your house on my street too?
7. Sam lost his new lunch box.
8. Did you wash behind your ears?
9. Her sister is crying.
10. Our cousins brought their own games to our house.
“Very good, very good,” said Grandpa …
“Bravo,Bravissimo,” ha detto il nonno….
“Grandpa, are you tired? … because I would like to tell you something. I know a lot
of adjectives now and Mom told me that there was an easy way to remember the two
big types of adjectives. Let me show you what I did for you and Grandma because
you probably forgot you learned it in school. My Daddy and my sister Michele helped
me too.”
“Nonno, sei stanco?... perchè vorrei dirti una cosa. Adesso conosco molti aggettivi e
la mamma mi ha detto che c’è un modo facile di ricordare i due grandi tipi di
aggettivi. Lascia che ti mostri cosa ho fatto per te e la nonna perchè sicuramente vi
siete dimenticati che li avete imparati a scuola. Anche il mio papà e mia sorella
Michelle mi hanno aiutato.”
PAGE 100
TODAY IS
My Grandpa told me that we would read his favorite tales and poems … and that
Grandma would play the piano.
Il nonno mi ha detto che avremmo potuto leggere le sue favole e poesie preferite… e
che la nonna avrebbe suonato il piano.
“We cannot live without poetry and music. They go together.
“Non possiamo vivere senza la poesia e la musica. Vanno insieme.
They create magic.”, said Grandpa. I’ll tell you what I love about my Grandpa and
my Grandma: they know so much ! They like music…. Mozart and Johann Sebastian
Bach seem to be two of their favorite musicians.
“Creano la magia.” ha detto il nonno. Ti dirò quello che amo di mio nonno e di mia
nonna: Sanno tanto! A loro piace la musica…. Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach
sembra che siano due dei loro musicisti preferiti.
One day my Grandma played a beautiful piece that Bach had composed for his wife
Anna Magdalena.
Un giorno mia nonna ha suonato un bellissimo pezzo che Bach aveva composto per
sua moglie Anna Magdalena.
I can’t remember the name of it. I’ll have to ask Grandpa. He knows everything
Non mi ricordo il nome di quel pezzo. Devo chiederlo al nonno. Lui sa tutto.
19. DESCRIPTIVE AND DETERMINING ADJECTIVES
PAGE 101
For my Grandma and my Grandpa.
THERE ARE TWO BIG TYPES OF ADJECTIVES:
Ci sono DUE grandi tipi di aggettivi:
THE DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
Aggettivi Qualificativi (o Descrittivi)
THE DETERMINING ADJECTIVES:
Aggettivi Determinativi
THE DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES:
I remember when I repeated descriptive adjective a long time ago. It was very hard for
me.
Mi ricordo quando avevo ripetuto descriptive adjective molto tempo fa. Era molto
difficile per me.
I remember that I repeated “descriptive adjective” one hundred times because I
wanted to impress my Mom.
I wanted to show her that I could count up to …one hundred all by myself.
Mi ricordo che avevo ripetuto “descriptive adjective” cento volte perchè volevo fare
bella figura con la mamma. Le volevo far vedere che riuscivo a contare fino a…
cento tutto da solo.
PAGE 102
I remember what a descriptive adjective is:
Mi ricordo cosa vuol dire un aggettivo qualificativo:
È una parola usata con un sostantivo e questa parola modifica il
sostantivo.
I remember that “to modify” means to make somewhat different.
It means to change.
Mi ricordo che “modificare” vuol dire fare un po’ diverso. Vuol dire
cambiare.
I remember one of the examples you gave me, Grandpa, and I recopied it:
Mi ricordo uno degli esempi che mi avevi fatto, nonno, e l’ho ricopiato:
Example: My little sister has a bad cold. She is very brave because she has
to take yucky cough syrup made with squashed black toads, boiled monkey
tails and a spoonful of green and bitter dandelion leaves!
It’s a magic potion. “It’s very good for your bad cold.”, I tell her.
I love those adjectives little, bad , brave , yucky , squashed, black ,
boiled , green , bitter , magic , good, bad ….
THE DETERMINING ADJECTIVES:
PAGE 103
DIPIN
5*
“Just remember DIPIN” said Mom . I repeated DIPIN five times … so I would not
forget!
“Basta ricordare DIPIN” ha detto la mamma. Ho ripetuto DIPIN cinque volte* per
non dimenticarmi.
DIPIN, DIPIN, DIPIN, DIPIN,
DIPIN.
There are five types of determining adjectives:
Ci sono cinque tipi di aggettivi determinativi:
Ricorda:
REMEMBER:
D
D. I. P. I. N.
for
5*
Demonstrative Adjectives
per Aggettivi Dimostrativi
I
for
Interrogative Adjectives
P
for
Possessive Adjectives
per Aggettivi Interrogativi
per Aggettivi Possessivi
I
for
Indefinite Adjectives
N
for
Numeral (numbers Adjectives
per Aggettivi Indefiniti
per Aggettivi Inumerali
PAGE 104
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
I. THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
(4)
I remember what Mom said to me. She said: “Remember… a demonstrative adjective
needs a noun !”
Mi ricordo cosa mi aveva detto la mamma. Mi ha detto: “Ricordati..che un aggettivo
dimostrativo ha bisogno di un sostantivo!”
Then she said: ”There are four demonstrative adjectives.”
demonstrative because they point out a noun.
They are called
Poi ha detto: “Ci sono quattro aggettivi dimostrativi.” Vengono chiamati
dimostrativi perchè indicano un sostantivo.
The demonstrative adjectives point out a particular person, place or thing. They are
always placed before a noun.
L’aggettivo dimostrativo indica una persona, luogo o cosa specifica. Vanno sempre
messi prima di un sostantivo.
THE FOUR DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES ( 4 ) :
2 for the singular
THIS
and
THAT
+ a NOUN
2 for the the plural
THESE and
THOSE
Examples: I like this book but I prefer that story.
These books are big. Those stories are short.
TODAY IS
PAGE 105
My Daddy told me that he would give me an exercise so that I could learn them by
heart. I like when I have to underline or when I have to circle. But Mom says that it’s
better if I write: “The more you write, the better you will write.” And my Daddy
always adds: “Always listen to your Mom. Moms know best.”
Il mio papà mi ha detto che mi darà un esercizio così potrò impararlo a memoria. Mi
piace quando devo sotto lineare o quando devo fare un cerchio. Ma la mamma dice
che è meglio se scrivo: “Più scrivi più migliorerai nello scrivere.” E il mio papà
aggiunge sempre: “Ascolta sempre la tua mamma. Le mamme sanno di più.“
Remember : They are generally used in asking questions directly or indirectly. .
Ricordati : Generalmente sono usati per fare domande dirette o indirette.
THE THREE INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES ARE:
WHICH
WHAT
WHOSE*
Examples:
+
+
+
NOUN
NOUN
NOUN
Which book do you read?
(noun)
What language do you speak?
(noun)
Whose pencil is this?
(noun)
PAGE 106
TODAY IS
* Attention! Do not confuse Whose and Who’s ( Who is ….)
Attenzione! Non confondere Whose e
Who’s (Who is..)
I will have to learn how to recognize them.
Dovrei imparare a riconoscerli.
See Pronouns later on
Pronomi più avanti.
Possessive adjectives are words which show that a thing is possessed and, at the same
time, who the possessor is.
Gli aggettivi possessivi sono parole che mostrano che una cosa è posseduta e, nello
stesso tempo, mostrano chi è il possessore.
singular
plural
my, your, his, her, its,
our, your, their
1st person singular
my
1st person plural
our
2nd person singular
your
2nd person plural
your
3rd person singular
his (masculine)
3rd person plural
their
her (feminine)
TODAY IS
PAGE 107
its
Examples:
(neutral)
SINGULAR
PLURAL
my book
my books
One person
her dog
her dogs
One person
COMPARE:
Confronta:
Our cat
=
several persons but ONE animal
Più persone ma un animale
Our cats
=
several persons and several animals.
Più persone e più animali
Grandpa and Grandma are very happy. I can see it in their eyes.
I knew that they would be pleased because my homework is neat and I recopied
EVERYTHING, just the way they like it.
Il nonno e la nonna sono molto felici. Lo posso vedere nei loro occhi. Sapevo che
avrei fatto loro piacere perchè i miei compiti sono organizzati e ho ricopiato
TUTTO, esattamente come piace a loro.
PAGE 108
20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK
“Pay attention ! I am going to read a good passage from The Jungle Book, written by
Rudyard Kipling,” said Grandpa.
Il nonno ha detto, “Fai attenzione! Leggerò un bel brano dal Libro della Giungla
scritto da Rudyard Kipling.”
Mowgli among the Wolves
Mowgli grew up with the cubs, though they, of course, were grown wolves almost
before he was a child, and Father Wolf taught him his business, and the meaning of
the things in the Jungle, till every rustle in the grass, every breath of the warm night
air, every note of the owls above his head, every scratch of a bat’s claws as it roosted
for a while in a tree, and every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool meant just
as much to him as the work of his office means to a business man, … When he was
not learning he sat out in the sun and slept, and ate and went to sleep again: when he
felt dirty or hot he swam in the forest pools; and when he wanted honey ( Baloo told
him that honey and nuts were just as pleasant to eat as raw meat ) he climbed up for
it, and that, Bagheera showed him how to do.
Notes:
The Jungle Book, written by Rudyard Kipling (1865—1936) has been the favorite
story of many children for over one hundred years. Mowgli’s parents have been
killed by Shere Khan the tiger and the little boy is raised by wolves. His school is the
jungle and his teachers, the jungle animals: Bagheera, Baloo, Kaa, the monkeys and
many other characters. Kipling uses all his imagination to tell us about a place he
knows well. Before long, we too are swept up into a new world.
PAGE 109
The key figures are:
Father Wolf
Mowgli’s teacher
Bagheera
the wise black panther
Baloo
the sleepy bear
Kaa
the python
These friendly beasts contribute to the child’s education.
“Do you know all the words? … Let me help you, but next time open your
dictionary. To be organized, follow the text and list all the words you don’t know:”
”Conosci tutte le parole?… lascia che ti aiuti ma la prossima volta apri il dizionario.
Per essere organizzato, segui il testo e fai una lista di tutte le parole che non
conosci:”
VOCABULARY:
Vocabolario
cubs
the young of certain big, wild animals
till
until
rustle
a quick succession of small sounds
owl
a night bird of prey with large eyes
bat
a sort of mouse which flies in the air, at nightfall
claw
sharp claws at the end of a cat’s paw
raw meat
meat which is not cooked
PAGE 110
QUESTIONS:
Domande:
Answer all the questions with a small sentence. Write neatly and apply yourself.
Rispondi alle domande con una piccola frase.Scrivi attentamente e impegnati.
1. How did Mowgli grow up?
Com’è cresciuto Mowgli?
__________________________________________________________________
2. How were the cubs almost before he was a child?
Prima che lui fosse bambino, com’ erano i cuccioli?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Who was Mowgli’s teacher?
Chi era l’insegnante di Mowgli?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Can you list all the things that have meaning for Mowgli because of what Father
Wolf has taught him?
Puoi fare una lista di tutte le cose che valgono per Mowgli dopo tutto quello che gli ha
insegnato il padre lupo?
(1) __________________________________________________________
(2) __________________________________________________________
(3) __________________________________________________________
(4) __________________________________________________________
(5) __________________________________________________________
PAGE 111
5. What did Mowgli do when he was not learning?
Cosa faceva Mowgli quando non imparava?
He sat out _________________________________________________________
He ate and _________________________________________________________
When he felt dirty and hot, he __________________________________________
When he wanted honey and nuts _______________________________________
6. Who told Mowgli that honey and nuts are just as pleasant to eat as raw meat?
Chi ha detto a Mowgli che il miele e le noccioline sono così piacevoli da mangiare tanto
quanto la carne cruda?
_________________________________________________________________
7. Who is Baloo?
Chi è Baloo?
_________________________________________________________________
8. Who showed Mowgli how to climb up for honey and nuts?
Chi ha insegnato a Mowgli a scalare per il miele e le noccioline?
_________________________________________________________________
9. Who wrote The Jungle Book?
Chi ha scritto Il Libro della Giungla?
_________________________________________________________________
10. Who killed Mowgli’s parents?
Chi ha ucciso i genitori di Mowgli?
PAGE 112
_________________________________________________________________
11.What was Mowgli’s school?
Cos’ era la scuola di Mowgli?
_________________________________________________________________
12. Who were his teachers?
Chi erano i suoi insegnanti?
_________________________________________________________________
13. Do you think you would have liked Mowgli’s life, his school and his teachers?
Pensi che a te fosse piaciuta la vita, la scuola e gli insegnanti di Mowgli?
_________________________________________________________________
14. Which is your favorite animal?
Qual è il tuo animale preferito?
_________________________________________________________________
15. Do you remember the names of the animals in the story?
Ti ricordi i nomi degli animali in questa storia?
_________________________________________________________________
This was very long but you did pretty well. You deserve some honey or maybe some
nuts or a kiss from Kaa… a pat from Bagheera or a big hug from Baloo…”the sleepy
bear.” …
Questo era molto lungo ma hai fatto abbastanza bene. Meriti un po’ di miele o forse
delle noccioline o un bacio da Kaa…una carezza da Bagheera o un grande abbraccio
da Baloo... “l’orso dormiglione.”…
How about a piece of that dark chocolate your Daddy likes so much… but only if you
ask your Mom!
O anche un pezzo di quel cioccolato scuro che piace tanto al tuo papà… ma solo se
PAGE 113
prima chiedi alla mamma!
If your Mom says no… remember, “Mother knows best!”
Se la mamma dice di no... ricordati, “Nessuno lo sa meglio della mamma!”
Congratulations!
Congratulazioni!
Now, like Mowgli, you may sit out in the sun and sleep…!
Adesso, come Mowgli… ti puoi mettere al sole e dormire...!
ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS
Risposte alle domande
1.
How did Mowgli grow up?
Mowgli grew up with the cubs.
2.
How were the cubs almost before he was a child?
The cubs were already grown wolves.
3.
Who was Mowgli’s teacher?
Father Wolf was Mowgli’s teacher.
4.
Can you list all the things that have meaning for Mowgli because of what
Father Wolf has taught him?
(1) every rustle in the grass
(2) every breath of the warm night air
(3) every note of the owls
PAGE 114
(4) every scratch of a bat’s claws
(5) every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool
5.
What did Mowgli do when he was not learning?
He sat out … in the sun and slept.
He ate and … went to sleep again.
When he felt dirty and hot, he swam in the forest pools.
When he wanted honey and nuts, he climbed up for them.
6.
Who told Mowgli that honey and nuts are just as pleasant to eat as raw
meat?
Baloo told Mowgli.
7.
Who is Baloo?
Baloo is the sleepy bear.
8.
Who showed Mowgli how to climb up for honey and nuts?
Bagheera showed Mowgli how to climb.
9.
Who wrote The Jungle Book?
Rudyard Kipling wrote The Jungle Book.
10.
Who killed Mowgli’s parents?
Shere Khan, the tiger, killed Mowgli’s parents.
11.
What was Mowgli’s school?
The jungle was Mowgli’s school.
12.
Who were his teachers?
Father Wolf and the other animals were his teachers.
13.
Do you think you would have liked Mowgli’s life, his school
and his teachers?
PAGE 115
Hum! ___________________________________________________
14.
Which is your favorite animal?
________________________________________________________
15.
Do you remember the names of the animals in the story?
________________________________________________________
Short Essay….What would a pet say about growing up in your house with your family
and you?
Piccolo tema…. Cosa direbbe un animale domestico del vivere nella tua casa con te e
la tua famiglia?
Write a little story of four or five sentences below:
Scrivi sotto una breve storia composta da quattro o cinque frasi .
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
PAGE 116
21. ANALYSIS: THE PARTS OF SPEECH
Just for fun… ?
Solo per divertimento..?
“Can you try…? Can you name all the words which are underlined? I know you can..”
said my Grandma.
“Puoi provare..? Puoi nominare tutte le parole che sono sottolineate? So che ce la
puoi fare...” disse mia nonna.
I remember the book I read with my Mom, You can do it, Charlie Brown. If you
don’t try, how do you know if you can do it… So I’ll try!
Mi ricordo il libro che ho letto con la mia mamma, You can do it, Charlie Brown. Se
non provi, come sai se ce la puoi fare…
EXERCISE : indicate if it is
A NOUN
n
A DEFINITE ARTICLE
da
AN INDEFINITE ARTICLE
ia
A DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE
adj
A DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE
dem.a
A POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
poss a
A VERB
v
Example: grew up
v
PAGE 117
Mowgli grew up with the cubs, though they, of course, were grown
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
wolves almost before he was a child, and Father Wolf taught him his
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
business, and the meaning of the things in the Jungle, till every rustle
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
in the grass, every breath of the warm night air, every note of the
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
owls above his head, every scratch of a bat’s claws as it roosted for a
_____
_____ _____
_____
_______________
_____
while in a tree, and every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
meant just as much to him as the work of his office means to a
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
business man, … When he was not learning he sat out in the sun and
_____
_____
_____
slept, and ate and went to sleep again: when he felt dirty or hot he
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
swam in the forest pools; and when he wanted honey ( Baloo told him
_____
_____
_____
that honey and nuts were just as pleasant to eat as raw meat ) he
_____
_____
PAGE 118
climbed up for it, and that, Bagheera showed him how to do.
_____
_____
CORRECTED EXERCISE
esercizi corretti
Indicate if it is a noun
n
a definite article
da
an indefinite article
ia
a descriptive adjective
adj
a demonstrative adjective
dem a
a possessive adjective
poss.a
a verb
v
Mowgli grew up with the cubs, though they, of course, were grown
v
da
n
v
wolves almost before he was a child, and Father Wolf taught him his
n
v
n
v
poss.a
business, and the meaning of the things in the Jungle, till every rustle
n
da
n
n
n
n
in the grass, every breath of the warm night air, every note of the
n
n
adj
n
n
PAGE 119
owls above his head, every scratch of a bat’s claws as it roosted for a
n
poss.a
n
n
ia n
n
v
while in a tree, and every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool
n
n
adj n
ia n
meant just as much to him as the work of his office means to a
v
da
n poss. a
v
ia
business man, … When he was not learning he sat out in the sun and
n
v
n
slept, and ate and went to sleep again: when he felt dirty or hot he
v
v
v
v
v
adj
swam in the forest pools; and when he wanted honey ( Baloo told him
v
n
v
that honey and nuts were just as pleasant to eat as raw meat ) he
adj
adj
climbed up for it, and that, Bagheera showed him how to do.
v
v
I think I only made one or three mistakes. It’s because – as my mother says – I don’t
pay attention. Let’s say That I was “distracted “ ( Mom likes this word ! )… by
Scarlatti.
Penso di aver fatto uno o tre errori. È perchè come dice mia madre - non faccio
attenzione. Diciamo che ero un po’ “distratto” (alla mamma piace questa parola!)...
da Scarlatti.
PAGE 120
22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100
22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100
“ Grandpa… do you know what grandma said to me yesterday ?”
“Nonno ….Sai che cosa mi ha detto la nonna ieri?”
“ No.”… ( My Grandpa looked at me with his eyes wide open…)
“No”…(Mio nonno mi ha guardato con gli occhi sbarrati…)
She said : “You never told me that you could count up to 100. “
Mi ha detto: “Non mi hai mai detto che sapevi contare fino a cento.”
“I didn’t know that you could count up to 100. Show me, ” said
my Grandpa.
“Non sapevo che sapevi contare fino a 100. Fammi vedere,”ha detto il nonno.
So, I recited all the numbers for grandpa…
Così ho recitato tutti i numeri per il nonno…
… then I took out my pencil and the two pages that My Daddy gave me and I started
writing.
... poi ho preso la matita e le due pagine che papà mi aveva dato e ho cominciato a
scrivere.
22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100
PAGE 121
WRITE FROM 11 TO 100
It is going to take me a long time but my Mother said that “the more one writes the
better one writes.”
11
eleven
____________________
12
twelve
____________________
13
thirteen
____________________
14
fourteen
____________________
15
fifteen
____________________
16
sixteen
____________________
17
seventeen
____________________
18
eighteen
____________________
PAGE 122
22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100
19
nineteen
____________________
20
twenty
____________________
21
twenty-one
____________________
22
twenty-two
____________________
23
twenty-three
____________________
24
twenty-four
____________________
25
twenty-five
____________________
26
twenty-six
____________________
27
twenty-seven
____________________
28
twenty-eight
____________________
29
twenty-nine
____________________
30
thirty
____________________
22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100
PAGE 123
31
thirty-one
____________________
32
thirty-two
____________________
40
forty
____________________
41
forty-one
____________________
50
fifty
____________________
60
sixty
____________________
70
seventy
____________________
80
eighty
____________________
90
ninety
____________________
100
one hundred
____________________
PAGE 124
22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100
I had to write so many numbers…. My hand is stiff!
Dovevo scrivere tanti numeri..adesso mi fa male la mano!
By next time, Grandpa told me I should know how to count up to
THOUSAND !
ONE
Mio nonno mi ha detto che per la prossima volta potrò contare fino a MILLE!
I have to go to bed very early because tomorrow I will review my vocabulary.
“If you have a good vocabulary, you will do well in school,” said Grandma. My mom
added: “The more you read, the more vocabulary you will know!”
Devo andare a dormire presto stasera perchè domani ripasserò il mio vocabolario. La
nonna ha detto, “Se tu hai un buon vocabolario,sarai bravo a scuola.” Poi la mamma
ha aggiunto : “Più leggi, più avrai un buon vocabolario.”
23. SPELL CHECK : THE KITCHEN
PAGE 125
My favorite room is the kitchen because I love my Daddy’s cooking. My Dad cooks,
my Mom makes bread, pies and cookies and she prepares everything for my Dad …
and my sister and my brother watch. My Dad is good because, as he says: “My
Grandma taught me everything I know.”
La mia stanza preferita è la cucina perchè amo la cucina di papà. Il mio papà cucina,
la mia mamma fa il pane, le torte ed i biscotti e prepara tutto per il mio papà… e mia
sorella e mio fratello guardano. Il mio papà è bravo perchè, come dice lui: “Mia
nonna mi ha insegnato tutto quello che so.”
The Kitchen
Recopy all the words:
the kitchen
______________________________
closets
______________________________
cupboards
______________________________
drawers
______________________________
a table
______________________________
PAGE 126
chairs
______________________________
a stepping stool
______________________________
counters
______________________________
a sink
______________________________
faucets
______________________________
a refrigerator
______________________________
an oven
______________________________
pots
______________________________
pans
______________________________
an electric mixer
______________________________
dishes
______________________________
silverware
______________________________
a coffee pot
______________________________
a tea pot
______________________________
salt and pepper shakers
______________________________
a bread board
______________________________
measuring cups
______________________________
a rolling pin
______________________________
a ladle
______________________________
a colander
______________________________
a timer
______________________________
towels
______________________________
PAGE 127
PAGE 128
1. What are the two types of adjectives?
Quali sono i due tipi di aggettivi?
(1)
_____________________________________________
(2)
_____________________________________________
2. What are the five types of determining adjectives?
Quali sono i cinque tipi di aggettivi determinativi?
(1)
_____________________________________________
(2)
_____________________________________________
(3)
_____________________________________________
(4)
_____________________________________________
(5)
_____________________________________________
PAGE 129
3. Which types have you studied so far? D.I.P.I.N.
Quali tipi hai studiato fin’ora?
D for
_____________________________________________
I for
_____________________________________________
P for
_____________________________________________
Quali sono i quattro aggettivi dimostrativi?
Singular
___________
___________
Plural
___________
___________
5. What are the three interrogative adjectives?
Quali sono i tre aggettivi interrogativi?
_____________________________________________
PAGE 130
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6. What are the possessive adjectives?
Quali sono gli aggettivi possessivi?
Masculine singular
Feminine singular
1.
__________
__________
2.
__________
__________
3
__________
__________
Neutral
( for animals and things )
__________
PAGE 131
Masculine plural
Feminine plural
1.
__________
__________
2.
__________
__________
3.
__________
__________
Neutral
__________
7. What is the definite article ( See page 5 ) ?
_____________________________________________
8. What are a and an + a noun ?
_____________________________________________
9. Definite / indefinite articles and determining adjectives are always followed by:
Articoli determinativi/indeterminativi e aggettivi determinativi sono sempre seguiti
da:
_____________________________________________
PAGE 132
10. What are the last two types of determining adjectives
you have to know?
Quali sono gli ultimi due tipi di aggettivi determinativi che devi sapere?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
11. What is the word you are supposed to know in order to
remember all the determining adjectives?
Qual è la parola che devi sapere per aiutarti a ricordare tutti gli aggettivi
determinativi?
_____________________________________________
PS: You are fantastic … but don’t tell your friends I said so.
PS: Sei fantastico…ma non dire ai tuoi amici che l’ho detto.
You may look at the Corrected Exercise now…
PAGE 133
CORRECTED EXERCISE OF GRAMMAR REVIEW 2
1.
2.
3.
What are the two types of adjectives?
(1)
the descriptive adjectives
(2)
the determining adjectives
What are the five types of determining adjectives?
(1)
the demonstrative adjectives
(2)
the interrogative adjectives
(3)
the possessive adjectives
(4)
the indefinite adjectives
(5)
the numeral adjectives
Which types have you studied so far? D.I.P.I.N.
D for demonstrative
I for interrogative
P for possessive
4.
What are the four demonstrative adjectives?
Singular
this
that
+ a NOUN
Plural
these
those
+ a NOUN
PAGE 134
5.
6.
What are the three interrogative adjectives?
Which
+
a NOUN
What
+
a NOUN
Whose
+
a NOUN
What are the possessive adjectives?
Masculine singular
Feminine singular
1.
my
my
+
a NOUN
2.
your
your
+
a NOUN
3.
his
her
+
a NOUN
Neutral
its
+ a NOUN
Masculine plural
Feminine plural
1.
our
our
+
a NOUN
2.
your
your +
a NOUN
3.
their
their +
a NOUN
Neutral
its
+ a NOUN
7.
What is the definite article ?
the
8.
PAGE 135
+ a NOUN
What are a and an + a NOUN ?
indefinite articles
9.
+ a NOUN
Definite / indefinite articles and determining adjectives are always followed by
a NOUN
10.
What are the last two types of determining adjectives you have to know?
+ a NOUN
+ a NOUN
11. What is the word you are supposed to know in order to
remember all the determining adjectives?
DIPIN
PS: You are fantastic … but don’t tell your friends I said so. You may tell your
Grandpa and your Grandma !
The little voice in my head …..
PS: Sei fantastico… ma non dire ai tuoi amici che l’ho detto. Lo puoi dire a tuo
nonno e a tua nonna!
La piccola voce nella mia testa…..
PAGE 136
25. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES
“Today, we are going to go over the last two types of determining adjectives. You
have been so good and I know it is not always easy to repeat and repeat – sometimes
one hundred times , as you have done – but it is the only way to learn something by
heart. At first, it may seem boring but you will soon discover that it works. Besides,
your teachers will be pleased and your parents will be so proud of your work.”
“Oggi ripasseremo gli ultimi due tipi di aggettivi determinativi. Sei stato così bravo
fin’ora e so che non è sempre facile ripetere e ripetere, qualche volta cento volte,
come hai fatto - ma è l’unica maniera per imparare a memoria. All’inizio, può
sembrare noioso ma presto scoprirai che funziona. Inoltre, i tuoi insegnanti saranno
contenti e i tuoi genitori saranno orgogliosi del tuo lavoro.”
That’s the way my Grandma started the lesson. I knew I was in for something big but
I remember what Lucy once said to Charlie Brown, “You can do it, Charlie Brown!“
If Charlie Brown can do it, so can I.
È così che mia nonna ha cominciato la lezione.Sapevo che mi aspettava qualcosa di
grande ma mi ricordo quello che Lucy una volta aveva detto a Charlie Brown, “Ce la
puoi fare, Charlie Brown!” Se Charlie Brown ce la può fare, allora anch’io.
_______________________________
After D
demonstrative adjectives
aggettivi dimostrativi
I
interrogative adjectives
aggettivi interrogativi
P
possessive adjectives
aggettivi possessivi
I
for indefinite adjectives .
Per aggettivi indefiniti
PAGE 137
THE INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES
An indefinite adjective does not point out any definite person, place, or thing.
Un aggettivo indefinito non indica una determinata persona, luogo o cosa.
Remember: indefinite adjective
+
a NOUN.
The most important indefinite adjectives you have to know right now are:
Gli aggettivi indefiniti più importanti che devi sapere adesso sono:
all
All men are created equal.
another
Mom will tell me another story.
each
Each day I learn something new.
every
Every man for himself.
many
Many hands make light work.
several
I have several animals at home.
“Later on, you will learn more indefinite adjectives,” said Grandma.
La nonna ha detto, “Più tardi imparerai altri aggettivi indefiniti.”
It was not that hard… but my Grandma is so good. She knows how to make things
simple and I know that I will be able to recognize all these words. Grandpa gave me
an exercise that I will do tonight to show my Grandma, my Mom and my Dad, that I
know all my indefinitve adjectives.
PAGE 138
Non era così difficile… ma la nonna è così brava. Lei sa semplificare le cose ed io so
che potrò riconoscere tutte queste parole. Il nonno mi ha dato un esercizio che farò
stasera e farò vedere che so tutti gli aggettivi indefiniti a mia nonna, mia mamma e
mio papà.
HOMEWORK:
Exercise on Indefinite Adjectives
Underline the indefinite adjectives:
1. I have many books about Charlie Brown in my room.
2. Several days a week, I help my Mom with the chores.
3. Did you see all the snow that fell last night?
4. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to bed at 9 o’clock.
5. I go to school every day at 8 o’clock except Saturday and Sunday.
6. Another child in my class is sick today.
PAGE 139
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Underline the indefinite adjectives:
Sottolinea gli aggettivi indefiniti:
4. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to bed at 9 o’clock.
5. I go to school every day at 8 o’clock except Saturday and Sunday.
6.
Another child in my class is sick today.
PAGE 140
Sunday night
My sweet grandchild ,
Mio caro nipote,
I have a bad cold so I won’t be able to keep our date. Your Grandpa asked me
to stay home because of the inclement weather.
Ho un brutto raffreddore perciò non potrò essere al nostro appuntamento. Tuo
nonno mi ha chiesto di rimanere a casa per il tempo brutto.
I would have loved to see you. I nevertheless prepared something special because I
know that you like The Jungle Book. Even though I won’t be by your side to explain
certain words, you are so good that you should not have any difficulties.
Mi sarebbe piaciuto vederti. Intanto, ho preparato una cosa speciale, perchè so che ti
piace Il Libro della Giungla. Anche se non sono lì vicino a te per spiegarti certe parole, sei
così bravo che non dovresti avere nessuna difficoltà.
Grandpa will leave this envelope with your good parents. Read eveything very
carefully and try to answer the questions I prepared. Don’t forget to write neatly.
Il nonno lascerà questa busta ai tuoi bravi genitori. Leggi tutto con molta attenzione e prova
a rispondere alle domande che ho preparato. Non dimenticarti di scrivere bene.
You know how much we love you. Grandpa will give you a kiss for me and
you can give Scarlatti an extra pat.
Sai quanto ti vogliamo bene. Il nonno ti darà un bacio da parte mia e puoi anche dare una
carezza in più a Scarlatti.
Grandma
PAGE 141
An excerpt from THE JUNGLE BOOK
Un brano dal Libro della Giungla.
Rudyard Kipling ( 1865-1936 ) has been the favorite author of many children ever
since their parents and teachers read to them from The Jungle Book. Born in
Bombay, India, he also lived in England and in the United States. Rudyard Kipling
wrote many books about India and in 1907 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
He died in England in January of 1936 at the age of 71. If you have never read his
stories you have deprived yourself of a wonderful experience. Here is another passage
from The Jungle Book.
Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936) è stato uno degli autori preferiti da tanti bambini da quando
genitori e insegnanti hanno letto loro Il Libro della Giungla. Nato a Bombay, India,è
vissuto anche in Inghilterra e negli Stati Uniti. Rudyard Kipling ha scritto molti libri
sull’India e nel 1907 ha vinto il premio Nobel per la letteratura. È morto in Inghilterra nel
gennaio del 1936 a 71 anni. Se non hai mai letto le sue storie ti sei perso un’esperienza
bellissima.Ecco un altro brano del Libro della Giungla.
The passage is long. It is divided into three parts with three sets of questions. Please
reread each part for it is an excellent exercise. Pay attention to each word especially
the ones that are difficult.
Il brano è lungo. È diviso in tre parti con tre gruppi di domande. Per favore, rileggi ogni
parte perchè è un eccellente esercizio. Fai attenzione ad ogni parola, specialmente a quelle
più difficili.
Remember:
Ricordati:
It is a very good habit and fine study method to take a sheet of paper and write down
the names of the different characters presented in a reading piece.
È una buona abitudine e un buon metodo di studio prendere un foglio di carta e scrivere
tutti i nomi di tutti i diversi personaggi presentati in questa lettura.
Characters in the Story
Personaggi della Lettura
PAGE 142
Akela
the Father Wolf, leader of the Pack
________
____________________________
Bagheera
the Panther with beautiful black skin
________
____________________________
Baloo
the Bear
________
____________________________
Ikki
the Porcupine
________
____________________________
Kaa
the Python
________
____________________________
Mao
the Peacock
________
____________________________
Mowgli
the Boy
________
____________________________
Shere Khan
the Tiger
________
____________________________
Tabaqui
the Jackal
________
____________________________
It was one very warm day that a new notion came to Bagheera -- born of something
that he had heard.
Perhaps Ikki, the Porcupine, had told him; but he said to Mowgli when they were
PAGE 143
deep in the jungle, as the boy lay with his head on Bagheera's beautiful black skin:
"Little Brother, how often have I told thee that Shere Khan is thy enemy?"
"As many times as there are nuts on that palm," said Mowgli, who, naturally, could
not count. "What of it? I am sleepy, Bagheera, and Shere Khan is all long tail and loud
talk, like Mao, the Peacock."
"But this is no time for sleeping. Baloo knows it, I know it, the Pack know it, and
even the foolish, foolish deer know.
Tabaqui has told thee too."
"Ho! ho!" said Mowgli. "Tabaqui came to me not long ago with some rude talk that I
was a naked man's cub, and not fit to dig pig-nuts; but I caught Tabaqui by the tail
and swung him twice against a palm-tree to teach him better manners."
Rewrite the following :
Riscrivi le seguenti parole:
I told thee
I told you
___________________________________
thy enemy
your enemy
___________________________________
What of it?
So what?
___________________________________
a man-cub
a human baby
___________________________________
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT
Domande basate sul testo
PART I
1. What is the name of the Porcupine?
Come si chiama il porcospino?
PAGE 144
__________________________________________________________________
2. Where does Mowgli lay his head?
Dove appoggia la sua testa Mowgli?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What does Bagheera call Mowgli?
Bagheera come chiama Mowgli?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Why?
Perchè?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Who is Mowgli’s enemy?
Chi è il nemico di Mowgli?
__________________________________________________________________
6. What is Mowgli’s answer to Bagheera’s question: “How often have I told you that
Shere Khan is thy enemy?”
Qual’ è la risposta alla domanda di Bagheera: “How often have I told you that Shere Khan is
thy enemy?”
7. Can Mowgli count?
Mowgli può contare?
__________________________________________________________________
8. How does Mowgli describe Shere Khan?
PAGE 145
Mowgli come descrive Shere Khan?
__________________________________________________________________
9. To whom does Mowgli compare Shere Khan?
Mowgli, a chi paragona Shere Khan?
__________________________________________________________________
10.Can you imagine why Mowgli is sleepy?
Puoi immaginare perchè Mowgli ha sonno?
__________________________________________________________________
11. Who is Tabaqui?
Chi è Tabaqui?
__________________________________________________________________
12. What did Mowgli do to teach Tabaqui better
manners?
Cosa ha fatto Mowgli per insegnare a Tabaqui ad essere meglio educato?
__________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT :
Risposte alle domande basate sul testo:
1. What is the name of the Porcupine?
The name of the Porcupine is Ikki.
2. Where does Mowgli lay his head?
Mowgli lays his head on Bagheera’s beautiful black skin.
PAGE 146
3. What does Bagheera call Mowgli?
Bagheera calls Mowgli Little Brother.
4. Why?
Because Mowgli was brought up with the animals in the jungle.
5. Who is Mowgli’s enemy?
Mowgli’s enemy is Shere Khan.
6. What is Mowgli’s answer to Bagheera’s question: ”How often have I told you that Shere
Khan is thy enemy?”
As many times as there are nuts on that palm.
7. Can Mowgli count?
Mowgli cannot count.
8. How does Mowgli describe Shere Khan?
Mowgli says that Shere Khan is all long tail and loud talk.
9. To whom does Mowgli compare Shere Khan?
Mowgli compares Shere Khan to Mao, the Peacock.
10. Can you imagine why Mowgli is sleepy?
Yes, Mowgli is sleepy because he is a little boy. He has been told that Shere Khan is
his enemy and he must be watchful.
11. Who is Tabaqui?
Tabaqui is the jackal.
12. What did Mowgli do to teach Tabaqui better manners?
Mowgli caught Tabaqui by the tail and swung him twice against a palm-tree.
PAGE 147
PART II
"That was foolishness; for though Tabaqui is a mischief-maker, he would have told
thee of something that concerned thee closely. Open those eyes, Little Brother!
Shere Khan dares not kill thee in the jungle for fear of those that love thee; but
remember, Akela is very old, and soon the day comes when he cannot kill his buck,
and then he will be leader no more. Many of the wolves that looked thee over when
thou wast brought to the Council first are old too, and the young wolves believe, as
Shere Khan has taught them, that a man-cub has no place with the Pack. In a little
time thou wilt be a man."
"And what is a man that he should not run with his brothers?" said Mowgli. "I was
born in the jungle; I have obeyed the Law of the Jungle; and there is no wolf of ours
from whose paws I have not pulled a thorn. Surely they are my brothers!"
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING:
a mischief maker
a character who annoys or irritates others
____________________________________________________________________________
that concerned thee closely
that was about you
____________________________________________________________________________
for fear of
afraid of
____________________________________________________________________________
the day come
the day will come
____________________________________________________________________________
when thou wast
when you were
____________________________________________________________________________
PAGE 148
has no place
does not belong
____________________________________________________________________________
thou wilt be
you will be
____________________________________________________________________________
thou
you, before a verb
____________________________________________________________________________
thee
you, after a verb or a preposition
____________________________________________________________________________
thy
possessive adjective = your, before a noun
____________________________________________________________________________
have told thee
have told you, thee = personal pronoun
____________________________________________________________________________
And what is a man that he should not run And why should a man not run
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
PART II
1. Shere Khan is afraid of whom?
Di chi ha paura Shere Khan?
__________________________________________________________________
PAGE 149
2. Who is Akela?
Chi è Akela?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What must a leader like Akela be able to do?
Cosa dovrebbe essere capace di fare un “leader” come Akela?
__________________________________________________________________
4.Who first looked after Mowgli in the jungle?
Chi per primo nella giungla teneva d’occhio Mowgli?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. What has Shere Khan taught the young wolves? Cosa ha insegnato Shere Khan ai
giovani lupi?
__________________________________________________________________
6. What will Mowgli grow up to be in a little time?
Cosa diventerà Mowgli in poco tempo?
____________________________________________________________________________
7. How has Mowgli proved that a man can run with his brothers? Name the three
proofs.
Come ha dimostrato Mowgli che un uomo può correre con i suoi fratelli? Descrivi le tre
prove.
a)
____________________________________________________________
b)
____________________________________________________________
c)
____________________________________________________________
PAGE 150
8. Who are Mowgli’s brothers?
Chi sono i fratelli di Mowgli?
____________________________________________________________________________
1. Shere Khan is afraid of whom?
Shere Khan is afraid of the animals who love Mowgli.
2. Who is Akela?
Akela is the leader of the wolves. He is very old.
3. What must a leader like Akela be able to do?
He must be able to kill a buck.
4. Who first looked after Mowgli in the jungle?
The wolves first looked after Mowgli.
5. What has Shere Khan taught the young wolves?
Shere Khan has taught the young wolves that a man-cub has no place in the
pack.
6. What will Mowgli grow up to be in a little time?
Mowgli will soon grow up to be a man.
7. How has Mowgli proved that a man can run with his brothers? Name the three
proofs.
a) Mowgli was born in the jungle.
b) Mowgli has obeyed the laws of the jungle.
c) Mowgli has pulled thorns from the paws of every wolf.
PAGE 151
8. Who are Mowgli’s brothers?
The wolves are Mowgli’s brothers.
PART III
Bagheera stretched himself at full length and half shut his eyes. "Little Brother" said
he, "feel under my jaw." Mowgli put up his strong brown hand, and just under
Bagheera's silky chin, where the giant rolling muscles were all hid by the glossy hair,
he came upon a little bald spot.
"There is no one in the jungle that knows that I, Bagheera, carry that mark -- the mark
of the collar; and yet, Little Brother, I was born among men, and it was among men
that my mother died -- in the cages of the King's Palace at Oodeypore. It was because
of this that I paid the price for thee at the Council when thou wast a little naked cub.
Yes, I too was born among men. I had never seen the jungle. They fed me behind
bars from an iron pan till one night I felt that I was Bagheera, the Panther, and no
man's plaything, and I broke the silly lock with one blow of my paw, and came away;
and because I had learned the ways of men, I became more terrible in the jungle than
Shere Khan. Is it not so?"
"Yes," said Mowgli; "all the jungle fear Bagheera -- all except Mowgli."
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING:
silky (chin)
fur of fine soft hairs
_________
__________________________________________________
were all hid
were all hidden
_________
__________________________________________________
PAGE 152
Oodeypore
a town in India near the jungle
_________
__________________________________________________
till one night
until one night
_________
__________________________________________________
1. What does Bagheera say to Mowgli ?
Cosa dice Bagheera a Mowgli?
__________________________________________________________________
2. How does Bagheera make it easier for Mowgli to feel under his jaw?
Bagheera, come rende più facile che Mowgli senta sotto la mandibola?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What does Mowgli find hidden by Bagheera’s glossy hair?
Cosa trova Mowgli nascosto vicino ai peli lucidi di Bagheera?
4. Does anyone else in the jungle know about Bagheera’s mark?
C’è qualcun altro nella giungla che sa del segno di Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
PAGE 153
5. What does the mark of the collar mean?
Cosa vuol dire il segno sul collare?
__________________________________________________________________
6. Where was Bagheera born?
Dov’è nato Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
7. Where did Bagheera’s mother die?
Dov’è morta la madre di Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
8. Why did Bagheera pay the price for Mowgli at the Council when Mowgli was a little
naked cub?
Perchè Bagheera ha pagato le conseguenze per Mowgli al consiglio quando Mowgli era solo
un cucciolo nudo?
__________________________________________________________________
9. Where and how was Bagheera fed?
Dove e come veniva dato da mangiare a Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
10. How did Bagheera escape?
Com’è scappato Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
11. Are the animals in the jungle afraid of Bagheera?
Gli animali della giungla hanno paura di Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
PAGE 154
12. Is Mowgli afraid of Bagheera ?
Mowgli ha paura di Bagheera?
__________________________________________________________________
1. What does Bagheera say to Mowgli ?
Bagheera tells Mowgli to feel under his jaw.
2. How does Bagheera make it easier for Mowgli to feel under his jaw?
Bagheera stretches himself at full length and half shuts his eyes.
3. What does Mowgli find hidden by Bagheera’s glossy hair?
Mowgli finds a little bald spot.
4. Does anyone else in the jungle know about Bagheera’s mark?
No one in the jungle knows that Bagheera carries that mark.
5. What does the mark of the collar mean?
It means that Bagheera has worn a collar and has been a prisoner of men.
6. Where was Bagheera born?
Bagheera was born among men.
7. Where did Bagheera’s mother die?
Bagheera’s mother died in the cages of the King’s Palace at Oodeypore.
PAGE 155
8. Why did Bagheera pay the price for Mowgli at the Council when Mowgli was a little
naked cub?
Bagheera remembered that he had also never seen the jungle for he too had
been born among men.
9. Where and how was Bagheera fed?
Bagheera was fed behind bars from an iron pail.
10. How did Bagheera escape?
One night, he broke the silly lock with one blow of his paw.
11. Are the animals in the jungle afraid of Bagheera?
All the jungle fear Bagheera.
12. Is Mowgli afraid of Bagheera ?
Mowgli does not fear Bagheera.
PAGE 156
27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION
Yesterday my Grandpa gave me a multiplication table to learn because he said it
would be a game for us. Then he added: “In life, you have to learn how to add and
multiply. It’s called positive thinking.” I don’t know what that means but I like the
two words.
Ieri mio nonno mi ha dato una tabellina da imparare. Lui ha detto che sarà un gioco per noi.
Poi ha aggiunto: “Nella vita devi imparare a sommare e moltiplicare. Questo si chiama
essere ottimista.” Non so cosa vuol dire ma mi piacciono le due parole.
My Mom likes to use these words too and she always says to my Daddy, “Think
positive !” I remember Lucy who once said to Charlie Brown: “Good grief, Charlie
Brown, think positively.” (You should have seen Charlie Brown’s face !) .
Anche alla mamma piace usare queste parole. Lei dice sempre al mio papà, “Pensa
positivamente!” Mi ricordo che Lucy aveva detto una volta a Charlie Brown:
“Accidenti,Charlie Brown, pensa positivamente.” (Dovevi vedere la faccia di Charlie
Brown!)
HERE IS THE FIRST MULTIPLICATION TABLE I RECOPIED for GRANDMA:
Ecco la prima tabellina che ho ricopiato per la nonna:
1x 0= 0
1x 1= 1
1x 2= 2
1x 3= 3
1x 4= 4
1x 5= 5
PAGE 157
1x 6= 6
1x 7= 7
1x 8= 8
1x 9= 9
1 x 10 = 10
1 x 11 = 11
1 x 12 = 12
Then Grandpa and I recited the One Times Table over and over again. We took
turns. When I told Grandpa that the One Times Table was easy, he said, “then let’s
try the twos.”
Dopo io e il nonno abbiamo ripassato la tabellina dell’uno molte volte. Facevamo i turni.
Quando ho detto al nonno che la tabellina dell’uno era facile lui ha detto, “allora proviamo
quella del due.”
2x 0= 0
2x 1= 2
2x 2= 4
2x 3= 6
2x 4= 8
2 x 5 = 10
2 x 6 = 12
2 x 7 = 14
2 x 8 = 16
2 x 9 = 18
PAGE 158
2 x 10 = 20
2 x 11 = 22
2 x 12 = 24
The Two Times Table is easy too. I already knew it a little because Grandpa
sometimes counts by two when he is in a hurry, “two, four, six, eight, ten….”
Anche la tabellina del due è facile. Già la conoscevo un po’ perchè il nonno a volte conta per
due quando ha fretta... “due, quattro, sei, otto, dieci….”
On Sunday, we took a long walk in the neighborhood. I recited the Two Times
Table. When we came home, my Dad mixed up all the numbers to test me:
Questa domenica abbiamo fatto una lunga passeggiata nel quartiere. Ho ripetuto la
tabellina del due. Quando siamo tornati a casa,il mio papà ha mischiato tutti i numeri per
mettermi alla prova:
2 x 1 = _______
2 x 5 = _______
11 x 1 = _______
1 x 4 = _______
2 x 8 = _______
4 x 2 = _______
1 x 10 = _______
1 x 12 = _______
2 x 9 = _______
2 x 3 = _______
1 x 1 = _______
2 x 6 = _______
7 x 1 = _______
3 x 2 = _______
7 x 2 = _______
CORRECT ANSWERS:
2, 4, 10, 6, 7,
10, 16, 12, 1, 6
11, 8, 18, 12, 14
I wrote out the answers but I did not get them all right. My Mom said to write each
one that I got wrong three times on a sheet of paper. Now I know how to multiply
by one and two and I am ready to learn how to multiply by three:
Ho risposto a tutte le domande ma ne ho sbagliate alcune. La mamma mi ha detto di
scrivere tutte quelle che avevo sbagliato tre volte su un foglio di carta. Adesso so come
moltiplicare per uno e due. Ora sono pronto per imparare a moltiplicare per tre:
PAGE 159
3x 0= 0
3x 1= 3
3x 2=6
3x 3=9
3 x 4 = 12
3 x 5 = 15
3 x 6 = 18
3 x 7 = 21
3 x 8 = 24
3 x 9 = 27
3 x 10 = 30
3 x 11 = 33
3 x 12 = 36
“Thirty-six,” said Grandpa. “Now, you are reaching for the high numbers.” He’s
right. The Three Times Table is a little harder but I am going to practice my tables
over and over again to surprise Grandpa and Grandma.
“Trentasei”, ha detto il nonno. “Adesso,arrivi ai numeri alti.” Ha ragione, la tabellina del tre
è un po’ più difficile, però io studierò le tabelline per fare una sorpresa al nonno e alla
nonna.
1x 0= 0
2x 0= 0
3x 0= 0
1x 1= 1
2x 1= 2
3x 1= 3
1x 2= 2
2x 2= 4
3x 2= 6
1x 3= 3
2x 3= 6
3x 3= 9
1x 4= 4
2x 4= 8
3 x 4 = 12
PAGE 160
1x 5= 5
2 x 5 = 10
3 x 5 = 15
1x 6= 6
2 x 6 = 12
3 x 6 = 18
1x 7= 7
2 x 7 = 14
3 x 7 = 21
1x 8= 8
2 x 8 = 16
3 x 8 = 24
1x 9= 9
2 x 9 = 18
3 x 9 = 27
1 x 10 = 10
2 x 10 = 20
3 x 10 = 30
1 x 11 = 11
2 x 11 = 22
3 x 11 = 33
1 x 12 = 12
2 x 12 = 24
3 x 12 = 36
MY HOMEWORK:
“I know you recopied the Multiplication Tables your Grandpa gave you but the most
important thing is to know them by heart. For that, you’ll have have to write them
down and repeat them over and over again,” said Grandma. “You’ll see how fast you
learn them. You’ll soon be a math whiz. It’s an excellent exercise for your memory.”
La nonna ha detto, “So che hai ricopiato le tabelline che ti ha dato tuo nonno ma la cosa più
importante è saperle a memoria. Perciò devi scriverle e ripeterle varie volte. Vedrai come le
imparerai subito. Presto sarai un esperto in matematica. È un esercizio eccellente per la tua
memoria.”
EXERCISE: Please... don’t look at the tables. Per favore… non guardare le tabelle.
1 x 0 = _______
2 x 0 = _______
3 x 0 = _______
1 x 1 = _______
2 x 1 = _______
3 x 1 = _______
1 x 2 = _______
2 x 2 = _______
3 x 2 = _______
PAGE 161
1 x 3 = _______
2 x 3 = _______
3 x 3 = _______
1 x 4 = _______
2 x 4 = _______
3 x 4 = _______
1 x 5 = _______
2 x 5 = _______
3 x 5 = _______
1 x 6 = _______
2 x 6 = _______
3 x 6 = _______
1 x 7 = _______
2 x 7 = _______
3 x 7 = _______
1 x 8 = _______
2 x 8 = _______
3 x 8 = _______
1 x 9 = _______
2 x 9 = _______
3 x 9 = _______
1 x 10 = _______
2 x 10 = _______
3 x 10 = _______
1 x 11 = _______
2 x 11 = _______
3 x 11 = _______
1 x 12 = _______
2 x 12 = _______
3 x 12 = _______
PAGE 162
28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES
I had hardly said, “Good morning, Grandma. Good morning, Grandpa…” that my
Grandpa said as he was lifting me high in the air: “ Do you remember DIPIN ?”
Avevo appena detto, “Buongiorno, nonna. Buongiorno, nonno…” quando il nonno mi ha
alzato in aria e mi ha detto: “Ti ricordi DIPIN?”
How could I forget DIPIN? “Sure, Grandpa,” I answered. “That’s the way I
remember all my determining adjectives….”
Come potrei dimenticare DIPIN? “Certo nonno,” ho risposto. “È così che mi ricordo tutti i
miei aggettivi determinativi..”
1.
D for demonstrative
per dimostrativo
2.
I for interrogative
per interrogativo
3.
P for possessive
per possessivo
4.
I for indefinite
per indefinito
and…
5.
N for … I forgot, Grandpa ! N per… mi sono dimenticato, nonno!
“Don’t worry,” said Grandma. “That’s what we will be looking at today. You won’t
find it hard because you already know these new determining adjectives. D I P I N ….
the last N stands for
“Non ti preoccupare,” ha detto la nonna. “Su questo lavoreremo oggi. Non sarà difficile
perchè già sai questi nuovi aggettivi determinativi. DIPIN…l’ultima N è per…
PAGE 163
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES
Aggettivi numerali
Most people say NUMBERS but I don’t think it’s right. You will understand why.
La maggior parte delle persone dicono NUMERI ma non penso che sia giusto. Capirai
perchè.
“Of course they are numbers,” added Grandpa, “but there are two different types of
numeral adjectives.”
”Certo che sono numeri,” ha aggiunto il nonno, “ma ci sono due tipi diversi di aggettivi
numerali.”
Let’s study them together.
Studiamoli insieme.
THE NUMERAL ADJECTIVES ( 2 )
There are two types of numeral adjectives :
Ci sono due tipi di aggettivi numerali:
The cardinal numeral adjectives
Gli aggettivi numerali cardinali
The ordinal numeral adjectives
Gli aggettivi numerali ordinali
PAGE 164
1. THE CARDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES Gli aggettivi numerali cardinali
one, two, three, four, five, twenty…
+ a NOUN
uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, venti…
+ un sostantivo
2. THE ORDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES Gli aggettivi numerali ordinali
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, twentieth…
+ a NOUN
primo,secondo,terzo,quarto,quinto,ventesimo...
+ un sostantivo
TABLE OF NUMBERS
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Tabella dei numeri
Write out the numbers
zero
0
zero
one
1
one
two
2
two
three
3
_______________________
four
4
_______________________
five
5
_______________________
six
6
_______________________
PAGE 165
seven
7
_______________________
eight
8
_______________________
nine
9
_______________________
ten
10
_______________________
eleven
11
_______________________
twelve
12
_______________________
thirteen
13
_______________________
fourteen
14
_______________________
fifteen
15
_______________________
sixteen
16
_______________________
seventeen
17
_______________________
eighteen
18
_______________________
nineteen
19
_______________________
twenty
20
_______________________
twenty-one
21
_______________________
twenty-two
22
_______________________
twenty-three
23
_______________________
twenty-four
24
_______________________
twenty-five
25
_______________________
twenty-six
26
_______________________
twenty-seven
27
_______________________
twenty-eight
28
_______________________
twenty-nine
29
_______________________
PAGE 166
thirty
30
_______________________
thirty-one
31
_______________________
thirty-two etc.
32
_______________________
forty
40
_______________________
Attention ! said Grandpa ……If you say, for instance, “Ihave ten..!” Ten is not a
cardinal numeral adjective. It is a number but it is not an adjective. Why? “
“Because there is no NOUN” I answered.
“Good, very good, very, very good” said Grandpa. We will talk about this later. Just
remember that you need a NOUN for any determining adjective.
Attenzione! ha detto il nonno… Se tu dici, per esempio, “Io ho dieci..!” Dieci non è un
aggettivo numerale cardinale. È un numero ma non è un aggettivo. Perchè?” “Perchè non
c’è un sostantivo” ho risposto. “Bravo,bravissimo,” ha detto il nonno. Parleremo di questo
più tardi. Ricordati solo che hai bisogno di un SOSTANTIVO per qualsiasi aggettivo
determinativo.
EXERCISE
Write the correct cardinal numeral adjective in the spaces below:
Scrivi l ‘aggettivo numerale cardinale correttamente negli spazi:
1. I have
__________________ fingers,
__________________ toes,
PAGE 167
__________________ eyes,
and
___________________ nose.
2. There are __________________ minutes in a half hour.
__________________ hours in a day,
__________________ days in a week,
__________________ weeks in a month.
3. You need ____________ players for a baseball team
and
____________ players for a basketball team.
4. I have
_____________ sisters.
5. I have
_____________ brothers.
6. There are _____________ children in my class.
7. “One,
____________,
PAGE 168
Buckle my shoe;
____________,
____________,
Shut the door;
____________,
____________,
Pick up sticks;
____________,
____________,
Lay them straight;
____________, ____________,
A good, fat hen.
PAGE 169
8. “______________ days hath September, April, June and November.
All the rest have _______________, save February,
To which we ______________ assign
Till leap year gives it ______________.”
9. There are ____________ eggs in a dozen,
____________ doughnuts in two dozen,
and
____________ roses in three dozen.
10. There were ____________ thieves in Ali Baba’s den.
PAGE 170
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Be sure to check the spelling of each word:
Controlla bene l’ortografia di ogni parola.
1. I have
and
ten
fingers,
ten
toes,
two
eyes,
one
nose.
2. There are thirty
3. You need
and
minutes in a half hour.
twenty-four
hours in a day,
seven
days in a week,
four
weeks in a month.
nine
players for a baseball team.
five
players for a basketball team.
4. I have
_____________ sisters.
5. I have
_____________ brothers.
6. There are _______________ children in my class.
7. “One,
PAGE 171
two,
Buckle my shoe;
three,
four,
five,
six,
seven,
eight,
nine,
ten,
Shut the door;
Pick up sticks;
Lay them straight;
A good, fat hen.
8. “Thirty days have September, April, June and November.
All the rest have
thirty-one, save February,
To which we
twenty-eight
Till leap year gives it
9. There are twelve
assign
twenty-nine.”
eggs in a dozen,
twenty-four doughnuts in two dozen,
and
thirty-six
10. There were
roses in three dozen.
forty thieves in Ali Baba’s den.
PAGE 172
29. ORDINAL NUMBERS : 1 TO 40
TABLE OF NUMBERS
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Numeri ordinali
Write out the number
first
1st
first
second
2nd
second
third
3rd
_______________________
fourth
4th
_______________________
fifth
5th
_______________________
sixth
6th
_______________________
seventh
7th
_______________________
eighth
8th
_______________________
ninth
9th
_______________________
tenth
10th
_______________________
eleventh
11th
_______________________
twelfth
12th
_______________________
thirteenth
13th
_______________________
fourteenth
14th
_______________________
fifteenth
15th
_______________________
PAGE 173
sixteenth
16th
_______________________
seventeenth
17th
_______________________
eighteenth
18th
_______________________
nineteenth
19th
_______________________
twentieth
20th
_______________________
twenty-first
21st
_______________________
twenty-second
22nd
_______________________
twenty-third
23rd
_______________________
twenty-fourth
24th
_______________________
twenty-fifth
25th
_______________________
twenty-sixth
26th
_______________________
twenty-seventh
27th
_______________________
twenty-eighth
28th
_______________________
twenty-ninth
29th
_______________________
thirtieth
30th
_______________________
thirty-first
31st
_______________________
thirty-second
32nd
_______________________
fortieth
40th
_______________________
PAGE 174
EXERCISE
Write the correct ordinal numeral adjective in the spaces below.
1. We won! Our team is in ____________ place.
2. Friday is the ____________ day of a work week.
3. My grandmother had three sons. The ___________ was called Barry; the
____________, Harry; and the _____________ one, Larry.
4, “On the ____________ day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
A partridge in a pear tree.
On the ____________ day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
Two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree.
On the ____________ day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
Three French hens, two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree....”
5. June is the ____________ month of the year.
6. Our town always has fireworks on the __________ of July.
PAGE 175
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Be sure to check the spelling of each word:
1. We won! Our team is in first place.
2. Friday is the fifth day of a work week.
3. My grandmother had three sons. The first was called Barry; the second, Harry;
and the third one, Larry.
4. “On the first day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
A partridge in a pear tree.
On the second day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
Two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree.
On the third day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
Three French hens, two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree....”
5. June is the sixth month of the year.
6. Our town always has fireworks on the fourth of July.
PAGE 176
BATHROOM
30. SPELL CHECK :
30. SPELL CHECK : THE BATHROOM
THE BATHROOM
For my Grandma,
the bathtub
______________________________
shower
______________________________
shower curtain
______________________________
sink
______________________________
hot water faucet
______________________________
cold water faucet
______________________________
toilet
______________________________
toilet paper
______________________________
THE
30. SPELL CHECK :
THE BATHROOM
177
medicine chest
______________________________
cabinets
______________________________
cotton balls
______________________________
mirror
______________________________
soap
______________________________
soap dish
______________________________
toothbrush
______________________________
toothpaste
______________________________
toothbrush holder
______________________________
rinsing cup
______________________________
tiles
______________________________
bath mat
______________________________
PAGE
PAGE 178
BATHROOM
30. SPELL CHECK :
stool
______________________________
towel rack
______________________________
bath towel
______________________________
hand towel
______________________________
face cloth
______________________________
laundry hamper
______________________________
THE
31. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION
PAGE 179
Thank you for the beautiful CD you gave me yesterday. I love it. It’s just right
because my piano teacher asked me to play two of the Minuets that Johann Sebastian
Bach wrote for his wife Anna Magdalena. And guess what … I found those Minuets
on the CD and I am going to try to play them the same way. Daddy says that I am
gifted and Mom closes her eyes when I play so I will play them for you too. They are
Minuet 1 and Minuet 2. My sister and my brother would like to play them too.
I am sending you a surprise with lots of kisses.
...me
Grazie per il bellissimo CD che mi avete dato ieri.Mi piace molto. È perfetto perchè
il mio maestro di piano mi aveva chiesto di suonare due dei Minuetti che Johann Sebastian
Bach ha scritto per sua moglie Anna Magdalena. E indovina una cosa.... Ho trovato quei
minuetti sul CD e proverò a suonarli nella stessa maniera. Papà dice che ho talento e la
mamma chiude gli occhi quando suono. Adesso li suono anche per te. Sono il Minuetto 1 e
il Minuetto 2. Anche a mia sorella e a mio fratello piacerebbe suonarli.
Ti mando una sorpresa con tanti baci.
...me
MY NEW MULTIPLICATION TABLES
4x 0= 0
5x 0= 0
6x 0= 0
4x 1= 4
5x 1= 5
6x 1= 6
4x 2= 8
5 x 2 = 10
6 x 2 = 12
4 x 3 = 12
5 x 3 = 15
6 x 3 = 18
4 x 4 = 16
5 x 4 = 20
6 x 4 = 24
4 x 5 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
6 x 5 = 30
PAGE 180
4 x 6 = 24
5 x 6 = 30
6 x 6 = 36
4 x 7 = 28
5 x 7 = 35
6 x 7 = 42
4 x 8 = 32
5 x 8 = 40
6 x 8 = 48
4 x 9 = 36
5 x 9 = 45
6 x 9 = 54
4 x 10 = 40
5 x 10 = 50
6 x 10 = 60
4 x 11 = 44
5 x 11 = 55
6 x 11 = 66
4 x 12 = 48
5 x 12 = 60
6 x 12 = 72
EXERCISE
4 x 0 = ____________
5 x 0 = ____________ 6 x 0 = ____________
4 x 1 =____________
5 x 1 = ____________ 6 x 1 = ____________
4 x 2 = ____________
5 x 2 = ____________ 6 x 2 = ____________
4 x 3 = ____________
5 x 3 = ____________ 6 x 3 = ____________
4 x 4 =____________
5 x 4 = ____________ 6 x 4 = ____________
4 x 5 = ____________
5 x 5 = ____________ 6 x 5 = ____________
4 x 6 = ____________
5 x 6 = ____________ 6 x 6 = ____________
PAGE 181
4 x 7 = ____________
5 x 7 = ____________ 6 x 7 = ____________
4 x 8 = ____________
5 x 8 = ____________ 6 x 8 = ____________
4 x 9 = ____________
5 x 9 = ____________ 6 x 9 = ____________
4 x 10 = ____________
5 x 10 = ____________ 6 x 10 = ____________
4 x 11 = ____________
5 x 11 = ____________ 6 x 11 = ____________
4 x 12 = ____________
5 x 12 = ____________ 6 x 12 = ____________
PAGE 182
32. INTERLUDE: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH
My dear grandchild ,
Mio caro nipote,
Your Grandpa won’t be able to see you today which makes him sad. One of
our neighbors needs help with his garden. Since your Grandpa is a born gardener who
learned everything from his parents and grandparents,, he said yes. Instead I decided
I would send you something on Johann Sebastian Bach because you are playing the
charming and delightful Minuets he wrote for his beloved Anna Magdalena.
Tuo nonno è triste perchè non ti potrà vedere oggi.Uno dei nostri vicini ha bisogno di aiuto
nel suo giardino. Tuo nonno ha imparato tutto dai suoi genitori e dai suoi nonni.È nato
giardiniere e perciò ha detto di sì.Io, invece, ho deciso di mandarti una cosa su Johann
Sebastian Bach dato che tu suoni i suoi incantevoli e meravigliosi Minuetti che lui ha
scritto per il suo amore Anna Magdalena.
I know you will want to keep the page in your special folder., You are so neat and
studious , that you make your grandparents very proud.
So che vorrai tenere la pagina nella tua cartella speciale.Sei così organizzato e studioso che
fai essere orgogliosi i tuoi nonni.
With much love and kisses from yourGrandma ,
Con tanto amore e baci dalla tua nonna,
Mary
PAGE 183
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH
1685 – 1750
A famous German musician, composer and organist.
Un musicista, compositore e organista famoso.
Covered with glory during his lifetime, Bach remained the most modest artist ever
known. His church music is a profession of faith because he wrote every single piece
for the greatest Glory of God.
Anche se la sua vita è stata piena di gloria, Bach rimase il più modesto artista mai
conosciuto. La sua musica di chiesa è una professione di fede perchè ha scritto ogni singolo
pezzo per la gloria più grande di Dio.
HIS PRINCIPAL WORKS ARE:
I suoi grandi lavori sono:
For the organ - preludes, fugues, chorales, motets, toccatas,
sonatas and the few remaining cantatas that he composed every
week for Sunday service.
Per l’organo - preludi, fughe, corali, mottetti, toccate, sonate ed altre
cantate che ha composto ogni settimana per la messa della domenica.
For the harpsichord - inventions, the French and English Suites.
Per l’arpicordo - invenzioni, le suite francesi e inglesi.
For the violin - partitas and sonatas.
Per il violino - partite e sonate.
PAGE 184
For the flute – sonatas.
Per il flauto – sonate.
For the orchestra and chorus – the passions and the Bandenburg
Concerti.
Per l’orchestra e il coro- le passioni e i concerti di Bandenburg.
He was 65 years old when he died.
Lui aveva 65 anni quando è morto.
33. READINGS : AESOP’S FABLES
PAGE 185
I really love my mom and dad. They know how much we like animals so we often go
to the zoo and watch films on animals in the wild. When my sister, Michele, was
given the book, Aesop’s Fables for her birthday, we read several of them. Then the
whole family talked about how true they are. Guess what? I found the following
fables on my table.
Voglio veramente tanto bene alla mamma e al papà. Loro sanno quanto ci piacciono gli
animali e perciò andiamo spesso allo zoo e guardiamo i film sugli animali selvaggi. Quando
a mia sorella Michelle è stato dato il libro, Favole di Esopo per il suo compleanno, ne
abbiamo lette alcune. Poi tutta la famiglia diceva quanto erano vere. Indovina una cosa? Ho
trovato le seguenti favole sul tavolo.
Like Homer, the most famous Greek poet, not much is known about the life and history of Aesop.
Many believe that he was a slave, born about 620 B.C. He is above all remembered for his Fables.
Come Omero, il più famoso poeta Greco, non si sa molto sulla vita e storia di Esopo Molti
credono che fosse schiavo,nato intorno all’anno 620 A.C. Lui è conosciuto sopratutto per le
sue favole.
The Dog And The Shadow
A dog, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own shadow in the
water and mistook it for that of another dog, with a piece of meat double his own in size. Greedily, he
immediately let go of his own, and fiercely attacked the other dog to get his larger piece from him.
That’s how he lost both: the piece which he grasped at in the water, because it was a shadow; and his
own, because the stream swept it away.
The Wolf In Sheep's Clothing
Once upon a time a hungry wolf decided to disguise himself in a sheep’s skin and joined the flock of
sheep. Even the shepherd was fooled and the wolf was able to kill and eat all the sheep he wanted.
One night after the shepherd had put all his sheep in the fold, he decided to kill one of his own flock
for food. Without realizing what he was doing, he took out the wolf and killed him instantly.
PAGE 186
The Ant And The Dove
An ant went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, but was carried away by the rush of the
stream. Just as she was about to drown, a dove sitting on a tree above, plucked a leaf and let it fall
into the stream close to her. The ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly
afterwards a birdcatcher came and stood under the tree, laying a trap of lime-twigs for the dove, which
was sitting in the branches. The ant, remembering the dove’s kindness, stung him in the foot. In pain
the birdcatcher threw down the twigs, making enough noise for the dove to fly away.
The Goose That Laid Golden Eggs
A farmer went to the nest of his goose to see whether she had laid an egg. To his surprise he found,
instead of an ordinary goose egg, an egg of solid gold. Every day brought another golden egg. As the
farmer grew richer and richer, he decided that if he killed the goose, he could have all her treasure at
once so he cut her open only to find – nothing at all.
… on my table… I found this love note from my Mom. I recognized the handwriting
right away.
… sul mio tavolo... Ho trovato questo messaggio d’amore dalla mamma. Ho riconosciuto la
calligrafia subito.
To my Sweetie Pie,
PAGE 187
Al mio dolce tesoro,
I know what your dad would enjoy, a little contest. He wants to know who will
have the best answers. Do you remember when we told you that a fable is made up of two
distinct parts, one called the story – some teachers may say “the body” – and the other
part, the moral or the lesson of that story - which some call, “the soul”.
It ‘s an excellent exercise to be able to draw out the most important idea or ideas
from a story. In a fable, the challenge is to find “the moral” of a very, short story
Try to give your dad the answers before he comes back from work. I love you.
Sleep tight. Sweet dreams. With lots of kisses from your mom.
Lo so cosa piacerebbe al tuo papà, una piccola sfida. Lui vuole sapere chi avrà le risposte
migliori.Ti ricordi quando ti abbiamo detto che una favola è composta da due parti diverse?
Una si chiama la storia-alcune insegnanti direbbero “il corpo”- e l’altra parte, la morale o
l’insegnamento della storia - che alcuni chiamano, “l’anima”.
È un eccellente esercizio poter prendere l’idea più importante o le idee da una storia.
In una favola, la sfida è trovare “la morale” di una storia molto breve.
Prova a dare al tuo papà le risposte prima che torni dal lavoro. Ti voglio bene. Dormi
bene. Sogni d’oro. Con tanti baci dalla tua mamma.
PAGE 188
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
REREAD THE FOLLOWING FABLES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
Rileggi le seguenti favole e rispondi alle domande:
A dog, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own
shadow in the water and mistook it for that of another dog, with a piece of meat
double his own in size. Greedily, he immediately let go of his own, and fiercely
attacked the other dog to get his larger piece from him. That’s how he lTost both: the
piece which he grasped at in the water, because it was a shadow; and his own, because
the stream swept it away.
QUESTIONS:
1.Name the characters in the fable?
Nomina i personaggi della favola?
__________________________________________________________________
2.What is the moral?
Qual è la morale della favola?
__________________________________________________________________
TODAY IS
PAGE 189
Once upon a time a hungry wolf decided to disguise himself in a sheep’s skin and joined the flock of
sheep. Even the shepherd was fooled and the wolf was able to kill and eat all the sheep he wanted.
One night after the shepherd had put all his sheep in the fold, he decided to kill one of his own flock
for food. Without realizing what he was doing, he took out the wolf and killed him instantly.
QUESTIONS:
Name the characters in the fable?
Nomina i personaggi della favola.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What is the moral?
__________________________________________________________________
An ant went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, but was carried away by the rush of the
stream. Just as she was about to drown, a dove sitting on a tree above, plucked a leaf and let it fall
into the stream close to her. The ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly
afterwards a birdcatcher came and stood under the tree, laying a trap of lime-twigs for the dove, which
was sitting in the branches. The ant, remembering the dove’s kindness, stung him in the foot. In pain
the birdcatcher threw down the twigs, making enough noise for the dove to fly away.
QUESTIONS:
PAGE 190
TODAY IS
Nomina i personaggi della favola.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
A farmer went to the nest of his goose to see whether she had laid an egg. To his surprise he found,
instead of an ordinary goose egg, an egg of solid gold. Every day brought another golden egg. As the
farmer grew richer and richer, he decided that if he killed the goose, he could have all her treasure at
once so he cut her open only to find – nothing at all.
QUESTIONS:
Nomina i personaggi nella favola?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
TODAY IS
PAGE 191
CORRECTIONS
QUESTIONS:
1. Name the characters in the fable?
The characters are the dog and the dog’s shadow.
2. What is the moral?
“Greedily, he immediately let go of his own, and fiercely attacked the other dog
to get his larger piece from him. That’s how he lost both.”
If you are too greedy, you can lose everything you have.
QUESTIONS:
The characters are the wolf, the sheep and the shepherd.
Harm seek, harm find or it really does not pay to
pretend to be what you are not.
PAGE 192
TODAY IS
QUESTIONS:
The characters are the ant, the dove and the birdcatcher.
In life, one often needs someone smaller than oneself
and the second moral is, one good turn deserves another.
QUESTIONS:
The characters are the farmer and his goose.
If you are too greedy, you can lose everything you have.
34. PRONOUNS : CLASSIFICATION
PAGE 193
I read and reread Grandpa’s letter five times, maybe more. I said to myself that I was
pretty lucky to have such good grandparents and parents. In school, I helped a little
child who told me he didn’t have a Grandpa and he didn’t know where his Grandma
was.
Let me show you my Grandpa’s letter.
Ho letto e riletto la lettera del nonno cinque volte,forse di più. Ho pensato che sono
fortunato ad avere dei nonni e dei genitori così buoni. A scuola, ho aiutato un piccolo
bambino che mi aveva detto che non aveva un nonno e non sapeva dove fosse sua nonna.
Lascia che ti mostri la lettera del nonno.
__________________________________
My terrific grandchild,
Il mio meraviglioso nipote,
Am I proud of you! What a fine grandchild who listens attentively, writes
neatly, studies well, has good manners and above all, has a good heart ! I heard that
you were very kind to a less fortunate child.
Quanto sono fiero di te! Che nipote bravo che sei: ascolti attentamente, scrivi
ordinatamente, studi bene e hai buone maniere e soprattutto un buon cuore! Ho sentito che
sei stato molto gentile con un bambino meno fortunato.
I am really impressed because in a short time, you have learned, remembered and
retained so much.
Sono rimasto stupito perchè in poco tempo hai imparato, memorizzato e acquisito così
tanto.
Together, we covered nouns, articles, some verbs, some personal pronouns, qualifying
adjectives and all the determining adjectives ( the famous D.I.P.I.N ). You are so good
that I told your Grandma and parents: “Now he is now ready for pronouns.”
Insieme, abbiamo studiato sostantivi, articoli, alcuni verbi, alcuni pronomi personali,
PAGE 194
aggettivi qualificativi e tutti gli aggettivi determinativi (il famoso D.I.P.I.N) Sei così bravo
che l’ho detto alla nonna e ai tuoi genitori: “Adesso è pronto per i pronomi.”
I am going to let you get back to playing the piano, the Bach pieces you like so much
and to listen to Mozart. When I was your age, I was told by a famous musicologist
that when the angels have nothing to do in heaven, they listen to Mozart… What a
beautiful spectacle!
Adesso ti lascio suonare il piano ,i pezzi di Bach che ti piacciono tanto, ed ascoltare Mozart.
Quando avevo la tua età mi è stato detto da un musicologo famoso che quando gli angeli
non hanno niente da fare nel cielo, ascoltano Mozart….Che bello spettacolo!
Do you agree? I’ll tell you a secret…. Your Grandma also loves Chopin… yes,
Frédéric Chopin. Listening to and playing the music of these great composers is the
best preparation for good, solid studies.
Sei d’accordo? Ti dico un segreto.... Anche a tua nonna piace Chopin…sì, Frédéric Chopin.
Ascoltare e suonare la musica di questi grandi compositori è la migliore preparazione per
ottimi studi.
Grandma just called me. My herbal tea is ready.
La nonna mi ha appena chiamato. Il mio tè alle erbe è pronto.
Sleep well. You have our deep affection.
Dormi bene. Tu hai il nostro affetto più profondo.
With lots of kisses,
Grandpa
Tanti baci, Nonno
PS: As for the pronouns, I left an outline that you should recopy into your notebook.
Per i pronomi, ho lasciato uno schema che dovresti ricopiare nel tuo quaderno.
PAGE 195
PRONOUNS
PRONOMI
A pronoun ( pro – noun ) is a word used for a noun.
Un pronome è una parola usata al posto di un sostantivo.
That means that the pronoun ( pro means “for,” in place of ) takes the place of a
noun.
Ciò vuol dire che un pronome (pro vuol dire “per,” al posto di) prende il posto del
sostantivo.
Therefore No NOUN after a PRONOUN
Perciò Nessun SOSTANTIVO dopo un PRONOME
Examples: The book is on the table.
see it?
I see Marie.
I see her.
It is on the table.
Do you
She is reading your letter.
He will give the letter to Peter and Jacqueline.
He will give them the letter.
It, I, her, she, he and them are pronouns.
PAGE 196
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICAZIONE
THERE ARE THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PRONOUNS:
Ci sono tre categorie principali di pronomi:
I.
Personal Pronouns:
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, plus many others.
Pronomi personali:
II.
Relative Pronouns:
Pronomi relativi:
III.
Determining Pronouns:
D. I. P .I . N.
5
Pronomi Determinativi:
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronomi dimostrativi
Interrogative Pronouns
Pronomi interrogativi
Possessive Pronouns
Pronomi possessivi
Indefinite Pronouns
Pronomi indefiniti
Numeral ( Cardinal ) Pronouns
Pronomi numerali (cardinali)
We could start with the Personal Pronouns – you already know some ( I, you, he, she, it,
we, you, they ) or the Relative Pronouns but we will begin with the Determining
Pronouns because you already know D.I.P.I.N. Always start with something you
already know.
Possiamo cominciare con i PRONOMI PERSONALI – già ne conosci alcuni (I, you, he,
she, it, we, you, they) oppure i PRONOMI RELATIVI, ma cominceremo con i PRONOMI
DETERMINATIVI perchè già conosci D.I.P.I.N. Devi sempre cominciare con qualcosa
che già conosci.
35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5
PAGE 197
There are FIVE categories of Determining Pronouns which are:
Ci sono CINQUE categorie di Pronomi Determinativi i quali sono:
Demonstrative Pronouns D
Pronomi Dimostrativi
Interrogative Pronouns
I
Pronomi Interrogativi
Possessive Pronouns
P
Pronomi Possessivi
Indefinite Pronouns
I
Pronomi Indefiniti
Numeral Pronouns
N
Pronomi Numerali
You see it’s very easy to remember the different types of determining pronouns
because you already know DIPIN from your lessons on the determining adjectives
Vedi com’è molto facile ricordare i diversi tipi di pronomi determinativi perchè sai già
DIPIN dalle tue lezioni sugli aggettivi determinativi.
PAGE 198
I. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS: (4)
PRONOMI DIMOSTRATIVI
There are 4 demonstrative pronouns:
Ci sono 4 pronomi dimostrativi:
THIS
and
THAT
for the singular
per il singolare
THESE
and
THOSE
for the plural
per il plurale
You see, the demonstrative adjectives have the same forms but they are
followed by a noun.
Vedi, gli aggettivi dimostrativi hanno le stesse forme ma sono seguiti da un
sostantivo.
Do you remember? Look at these examples and you will understand.
Ti ricordi? Guarda questi esempi e capirai.
Demonstrative Adjectives :
I love this book.
I dislike that story.
( noun )
( noun ).
but
this and that are demonstrative adjectives because they are followed by NOUNS.
PAGE 199
Demonstrative Pronouns :
• I like
this
• I dislike
that.
and
this and that are NOT FOLLOWED BY NOUNS
therefore they are demonstrative pronouns.
this e that non sono seguiti dai sostantivi perciò sono pronomi dimostrativi.
EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with the proper demonstrative pronoun:
Riempi gli spazi con il pronome dimostrativo corretto.
Example:
__________(the pants over here) are mine.
These are mine.
1. __________ (the shirts over there) are ours.
2. __________ (in the distance) is the right playground.
3. __________ (the container I am holding) is the best ice cream in the store.
PAGE 200
4. Are _________ (over there) the worst soccer balls in the gym?
5. Is _________ (away from you) your friend’s house?
6. __________ (close to me) are the best surfboards made.
7. When you are ready, _________ (the table over here) needs cleaning.
8. Does _________ (close to me) seem to be the right answer?
9. Take _________ ( the sneakers over there) with you.
10. How can I deliver __________ (the scooter near me) to you on time?
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with the proper demonstrative pronoun:
Example: __________(the pants over here) are mine.
These are mine.
PAGE 201
1. Those are ours.
2. That is the right playground.
3. This is the best ice cream in the store.
4. Are those the worst soccer balls in the gym?
5. Is that your friend’s house?
6. These are the best surfboards made.
7. When you are ready, this needs cleaning.
8. Does this seem to be the right answer?
9. Take those with you.
10. How can I deliver this to you on time?
PAGE 202
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
“Now,” said my Grandpa, “we are going to go over something tricky but don’t worry
we will go slowly and repeat everything several times if necessary, the same as when
you learn a new piece. It is not always easy… but how satisfying to master a
composition on the piano ! It is the best reward ! The most important thing is not to
be afraid, and even more important, not to be discouraged by obstacles and
difficulties….”
“Adesso,” ha detto mio nonno, “ripassiamo una cosa un po’ complicata. Ma
non ti preoccupare andremo piano e ripeteremo tutto diverse volte se è
necessario, proprio come quando impari un nuovo pezzo. Non è sempre
facile... ma che soddisfazione quando finalmente riesci ad imparare un pezzo
al piano! È il miglior premio! La cosa più importante è non aver paura,e ancora
più importante è non essere scoraggiato dagli ostacoli e dalle difficoltà…”
……
“Are you ready?… The second category after D of DIPIN is I.
I stands for INTERROGATIVE … which means that you usually have a question
mark ( ? ). BUT… there is a but for you can have a question which is direct or a
question which is indirect. Let me give you two examples and you will understand:
“Sei pronto?… La seconda categoria dopo D del DIPIN è I. I è per INTERROGATIVO…
che vuol dire che normalmente c’è un punto interrogativo (?). MA... c’è un ma perchè puoi
avere una domanda diretta oppure una domanda indiretta. Lascia che ti faccia due esempi e
così capirai:”
Who came to see Mom?
Direct question
I don’t know who came to see Mom. Indirect question
Domanda diretta
Domanda indiretta
TODAY IS
PAGE 203
II. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS:
PRONOMI INTERROGATIVI
An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question, whether the
question is direct or indirect.
Un pronome interrogativo si usa per fare una domanda, sia una domanda
diretta che una indiretta.
DISTINCTION
Distinzione
We make a distinction between persons and things.
Facciamo una distinzione fra persone e cose.
“Now here is the hard part. You have to pay attention, be patient and go very slowly.
It’s all right if you do not understand at first. I had trouble too when I was little.”
“Ecco la parte difficile adesso. Devi fare attenzione,essere paziente ed andare molto piano.
Va bene se all’inizio non capisci. Anch’io ho avuto dei problemi quando ero piccolo.”
__________________________________________________________
For Persons
Who or whom ?
Per persone
Whose
___________________________________________________________
For Persons and Things
Which or Which one (singular) ?
and
Per persone e cose
Which ones (plural) ?
___________________________________________________________
For Things
What ?
___________________________________________________________
PAGE 204
TODAY IS
Repeat out loud several times and try to learn all the interrogative pronouns
by heart.
Ripeti ad alta voce diverse volte e prova ad imparare tutti i pronomi interrogativi
a memoria.
WHO, WHOM, WHOSE
WHAT
Examples:
Persons
WHICH, WHICH ONE, WHICH ONES
Who came to see you?
Whom do you love?
Whose bicycle is it?
Persons or things
Which is hers?
Which one came first?
Which one (ones) do you like best?
Things
What is going on?
What do you think of this book?
With a PREPOSITION…?
Con una Preposizione…?
TODAY IS
PAGE 205
“Sometimes a little word is placed before the interrogative pronoun. This little word is
called a preposition. I know it’s getting complicated.
“A volte una piccola parola viene messa prima di un pronome interrogativo. Questa piccola
parola viene chiamata preposizione. So che stà diventando un po’ complicato.”
Let me go slowly. Read the word preposition.
Lascia che vada piano. Leggi la parola preposizione.
Like the word pronoun ( pro – noun ), it’s made up two words: pre and
position ( pre * = before or in front of ). Preposition means that a word is
placed before another word.
Come la parola pronome (pro-sostantivo) è composta da due parole: pre e
posizione (pre* = prima o davanti a). Preposizione vuol dire che una parola
viene messa prima di un’altra.
* prae in Latin in latino
You see how simple it is when you take one step at a time and examine the words
closely. If you open a very good dictionary – the type your Grandma and I use – there
is a good explanation. That’s why it’s so important to have an excellent dictionary.
Vedi quanto è semplice quando fai un passo alla volta ed analizzi le parole. Se apri un buon
dizionario - come quello che usiamo tua nonna ed io - trovi una buona spiegazione. Ecco
perchè è così importante avere un buonissimo dizionario.
PREPOSITION * + INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Preposizioni*
+
pronomi interrogativi
PAGE 206
TODAY IS
SEE LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS
Vedi la lista delle preposizioni più importanti.
FOR PERSONS
For whom …?
Per persone
To whom …?
FOR PERSONS AND THINGS
With which one …?
(singular)
and
Under which ones..?
FOR THINGS
(plural)
On what …?
___________________________________________________________
PREPOSITIONS :
Preposizioni:
About
Near
After
Of
At
On
Before
Over
Behind
To
Between
Under
By
Until
For
Up
TODAY IS
PAGE 207
From
With
In
Without
Repeat all the interrogative pronouns out loud and try to learn
them by heart:
Ripeti tutti i pronomi interrogativi ad alta voce e prova ad impararli a
memoria:
For whom
For which one
From whom
From which one From which ones
From what…?
To whom
To which one
To which ones
To what…?
With whom
With which one
With which ones
With what…?
Examples:
For which ones
For what …?
PERSONS
With whom did you practice?
PERSONS OR THINGS
To which one did you give it?
On which one did you sit?
THINGS
Of what is it made?
PAGE 208
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
EXERCISE
Complete the following sentences by replacing the word or words ( in parentheses ) with
the proper interrogative pronoun.
Completa le seguenti frasi sostituendo la parola o le parole (tra parentesi) con il pronome
interrogativo corretto.
Remember that some pronouns are used for persons and some are used for things.
Ricordati che alcuni pronomi vengono usati per persone e altri vengono usati per cose.
Example: __________(The boy) is my brother?
Who is my brother?
1. _______________ may I do (something) for you ?
2. ______________ (The girl) was called to the gym ?
3. _______________ did you select (one or several videos) ?
4. _______________ (George) has read today’s homework assignment ?
TODAY IS
PAGE 209
5. _______________ (The house belonging to my uncle) is for sale ?
6. _______________ (Which person(s)) have you seen since last year ?
7. _______________ (That) was the last winning question ?
8. _______________ (A zookeeper) has to open the cage now ?
9. _______________ will you recite (a poem) ?
10. ______________ (The cap belonging to the police officer) is this ?
CORRECTED EXERCISE
1. What may I do for you ?
2. Who was called to the gym ?
3. Which ones did you select?
4. Who has read today’s homework assignment ?
PAGE 210
TODAY IS
5. Which one is for sale ?
6. Which one(s) have you seen since last year ?
7. What was the last winning question ?
8. Who has to open the cage now ?
9. What will you recite?
10. Whose is this ?
Have you noticed the question mark at the end of each sentence ? Hai notato il punto
interrogativo alla fine di ogni frase?
You already know three distinct signs of punctuation:
Già conosci tre segni di punteggiatura diversi:
period
.
punto
question mark
?
punto interrogativo
exclamation point
!
punto esclamativo
Go over the exercise one more time .
Ripassa gli esercizi una volta in più.
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
PAGE 211
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
Sunday night
Domenica sera
Pumpkin dear ,
Grandpa certainly made you work, didn’t he? I heard all about it. When your
Grandpa was little, discipline was expected and accepted because that was the way it
was.
Since Grandpa is still tending the garden, I will be free to help with your grammar
review. When I was little, my Mother would say, “You have to forget three times so
that you can remember.” That’s true for music also.
By the way, have you done the exercises your teacher gave you? Remember that even
if you do not have enough time to go over your music, always save time for the
exercises.
I put aside the first Prelude from The Well Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian
Bach for you …. I am sure you are going to like it. I look forward to seeing you
tomorrow when I will bring all of you a big basket of strawberries. Until then, I am
blowing you a big kiss. Catch it quick.
Mary
Dolce Tesoro,
Certo che il nonno ti ha fatto lavorare, non è vero?
So già tutto. Quando tuo nonno era piccolo, ci si aspettava e si accettava la disciplina,
perchè era semplicemente così.
Dato che il nonno lavora ancora in giardino, io sono libera e ti posso aiutare con il ripasso
PAGE 212
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
grammaticale. Quando ero bambina, mia madre mi diceva, “Devi dimenticare tre volte per
poter ricordarti.” Questo vale anche per la musica.
A proposito, hai fatto gli esercizi che ti ha dato la tua insegnante? Ricordati, anche se non
hai abbastanza tempo quando ripassi la musica,lascia sempre tempo per gli esercizi.
Ho messo da parte il primo Preludio da The Well Tempered Clavier di Johann Sebastian Bach per
te…. Sono sicura che ti piacerà. Non vedo l’ora di vederti. Ti porterò un grande cesto di
fragole. Nel frattempo, ti mando un gran bacio. Prendilo subito.
Mary
Before we start our THIRD GRAMMAR REVIEW, let’s repeat the following numbers
together. Don’t forget, we learned that they are also called numeral cardinal
adjectives.
Prima di cominciare il nostro terzo ripasso grammaticale, ripetiamo i seguenti numeri
insieme. Non dimenticare che abbiamo imparato che sono anche chiamati aggettivi
cardinali numerali.
Please repeat them very carefully and write them down :
Per favore, ripetili con molta attenzione e scrivili:
forty-one etc.
41
____________________
forty-two etc.
42
____________________
fifty
50
____________________
sixty
60
____________________
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
PAGE 213
seventy
70
____________________
eighty
80
____________________
ninety
90
____________________
one hundred
100
____________________
one hundred one
101
____________________
one hundred two etc.
102
____________________
two hundred
200
____________________
three hundred
300
____________________
four hundred
400
____________________
five hundred
500
____________________
six hundred
600
____________________
seven hundred
700
____________________
PAGE 214
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
eight hundred
800
____________________
nine hundred
900
____________________
one thousand
1,000
____________________
two thousand etc.
2,000
____________________
five thousand
5,000
____________________
ten thousand
1 0,000
____________________
one hundred thousand
100,000
____________________
one million
1,000,000
____________________
or ten hundred etc.
The cardinal numbers are used in simple counting or in answer to "how many?.”
I numeri cardinali sono usati per contare o in risposta alla domanda “Quanti?.”
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
PAGE 215
In general, the numbers one to nine are written out while larger numbers are given in
numerals.
In genere, i numeri da uno a nove vengono scritti in lettere mentre i numeri più grandi
vengono scritti sotto forma di numeri.
If the number occurs at the beginning of the sentence, it should be written out.
Se il numero si presenta all’inizio di una frase dovrebbe essere scritto in lettere.
Year numbers are always written without commas (1783).
I numeri degli anni vengono sempre scritti senza virgola (1783).
EXERCISE
Write the correct cardinal numeral in the spaces below:
Negli spazi sotto scrivi i numeri cardinali:
1. There are __________________ seconds in a minute,
__________________ minutes in an hour,
__________________ hours in a day,
__________________ days in a week,
__________________ weeks in a year.
PAGE 216
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
2. A deck contains __________________ cards.
3. The American flag has __________________ stripes and __________________
stars.
4. It takes __________________ pennies to make a dollar.
5. There are __________________ pounds in a ton.
5. From the coast of England to the coast of Canada, the Atlantic ocean is about
__________________ ( 3,000 ) miles wide.
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Write the correct cardinal numeral in the spaces below:
1. There are sixty seconds in a minute,
sixty minutes in an hour,
twenty-four hours in a day,
seven days in a week,
fifty-two weeks in a year.
36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000
PAGE 217
2. A deck contains fifty-two cards.
3. The American flag has thirteen stripes and fifty stars.
4. It takes one hundred pennies to make a dollar.
5. There are two thousand pounds in a ton.
6. From the coast of England to the coast of Canada, the Atlantic ocean is about
three thousand ( 3,000 ) miles wide.
PAGE 218
Quali sono i cinque tipi di aggettivi determinativi?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
2. What are the last two types of determining adjectives you have just learned ?
Quali sono gli ultimi due tipi di aggettivi determinativi che hai appena imparato?
___________________________________
___________________________________
PAGE 219
3. What are the most important indefinite adjectives?
( Cite at least six… the six you know very well )
Quali sono i più importanti aggettivi indefiniti? (Nominane almeno sei.. i sei che conosci
molto bene.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
4. Underline the indefinite adjectives in the following sentences.
Nelle seguenti frasi sottolinea gli aggettivi indefiniti.
1. All men are created equal.
PAGE 220
2. Mom will tell me another story.
3. Each day I learn something new.
4. Every man for himself.
5. Many hands make light work.
6. I have several animals at home.
10. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to
bed at 9 o’clock.
11. Every day, I go to school at 8 o’clock except on Saturday
and Sunday.
CORRECTION
PAGE 221
GRAMMAR REVIEW 3
demontrative adjectives
+ a NOUN
interrogative adjectives
+ a NOUN
possessive adjectives
+ a NOUN
indefinite adjectives
+ a NOUN
numeral (cardinal and ordinal) adjectives
+ a NOUN
2. What are the last two types of determining adjectives
you have just learned ?
+ a NOUN
+ a NOUN
PAGE 222
3. What are the most important indefinite adjectives?
( Cite at least six…. the six you know very well )
all
another
each
every
many
several
4. Underline the indefinite adjectives in the following sentences.
1. All men are created equal.
2. Mom will tell me another story.
3. Each day I learn something new.
4. Every man for himself.
5. Many hands make light work.
6. I have several animals at home.
PAGE 223
10. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to
bed at 9 o’clock.
11. Every day, I go to school at 8 o’clock except on Saturday
and Sunday.
A SHORT NOTE FOR MY GRANDPA,
Un breve messaggio per mio nonno,
Grandpa…. I am sleepy tonight ! I rode my bike and played ball with my
brother and sister all day.
Nonno… ho molto sonno stasera! Sono andato in bicicletta e ho giocato a pallone con mio
fratello e mia sorella tutto il giorno.
Grandma will be very happy because I think I knew most of the answers to the
questions in the Grammar Review. She does not suspect it but I have been going
over my lessons very hard these past few days.
PAGE 224
La nonna sarà molto felice, perchè penso di aver saputo la maggior parte delle risposte alle
domande nel ripasso grammaticale. Lei non lo sospetta ma in questi ultimi giorni ho
ripassato le mie lezioni diligentemente.
Grandpa… when are we going to go over the multiplication tables together? You
promised that you would give me another poem too. I think that when I grow up I
would like to be a poet like you or maybe a pianist like Grandma…. Would you and
Grandma like that?
Nonno... quando ripassiamo le tabelline insieme?
Mi hai anche promesso un’altra poesia. Penso che quando sarò grande diventerò poeta
come te o forse pianista come la nonna.... Vi piacerà questo?
Good night, Grandpa ! Give Grandma a big kiss from me. I love you.
Buona notte, nonno! Dai un bacio grande alla nonna da parte mia. Ti voglio bene.
me
PS: Scarlatti caught a mouse today.
PS: Scarlatti ha preso un topolino oggi.
38. POETRY : MY SHADOW
PAGE 225
MY SHADOW
Robert Louis Stevenson
( 1850 – 1894 )
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Robert Louis Stevenson was a novelist and poet. His
most popular books are Treasure Island, a swashbuckling adventure story of a search
for Captain Kidd’s buried treasure, A Child’s Garden of Verses and The Strange Case of
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a science-fiction thriller.
Nato a Edinburgh, Scozia, Robert Louis Stevenson era un novellista e poeta. I suoi libri più
conosciuti sono Treaure Island una storia avventurosa alla ricerca del tesoro nascosto del
Capitano Kidd. Altri libri sono A Child’s Garden of Verses e The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll e
Mr.Hyde, un romanzo di fantascienza.
I have a little shadow that goes in and out
with me,
And what can be the use of him is more
than I can see.
He is very, very like me from the heels up
to the head;
And I see him jump before me, when I jump
into my bed.
PAGE 226
The funniest thing about him is the way
he likes to grow –
Not at all like proper children, which is
always very slow;
For he sometimes shoots up taller like an
india-rubber ball,
And he sometimes gets so little that there’s
none of him at all.
He hasn’t got a notion of how children
ought to play,
And he can only make a fool of me in every
sort of way.
He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward
you can see;
I’d think shame to stick to nurse as that
shadow sticks to me!
PAGE 227
One morning, very early, before the sun
was up,
I rose and found the shining dew on every
buttercup;
But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant
sleepy-head,
Had stayed at home behind me and was
fast asleep in bed.
I. VOCABULARY STUDY AND GRAMMAR
Studio del Vocabolario e della Grammatica
1. Is the vocabulary difficult for you? ___________________________________
Il vocabolario è difficile per te?
2. List the words which seem difficult and open your dictionary.
Indica le parole che sono difficili ed apri il tuo dizionario.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PAGE 228
___________________________________
3. Indicate what the underlined words are:
Indica quali sono le parole sottolineate:
definite or indefinite article
demonstrative adjective
descriptive adjective
possessive adjective
noun
indefinite adjective
verb
numeral cardinal adjective
Examples:
a
indefinite article
little
the
definite article
I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me,
a
___________________________________
little
___________________________________
shadow
PAGE 229
___________________________________
And what can be the use of him is more than I can see.
He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head;
the
___________________________________
heels
___________________________________
And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed.
my
___________________________________
The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow -
funniest
___________________________________
likes
___________________________________
to grow
___________________________________
PAGE 230
Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow;
proper
___________________________________
children
___________________________________
For he sometimes shoots up taller like an india-rubber ball,
taller
___________________________________
an
___________________________________
And he sometimes gets so little that there’s none of him at all.
gets
___________________________________
He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play,
hasn’t got
___________________________________
And he can only make a fool of me in every sort of way.
make
___________________________________
PAGE 231
every
___________________________________
sort
___________________________________
He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see;
coward
___________________________________
I’d think shame to stick to nurse as that shadow sticks to me !
to stick
___________________________________
that
___________________________________
One morning, very early, before the sun was up,
one
___________________________________
was up
___________________________________
PAGE 232
I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup;
found
___________________________________
every
___________________________________
buttercup
___________________________________
But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head,
lazy
___________________________________
little
___________________________________
arrant
___________________________________
Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed.
had stayed
___________________________________
bed
___________________________________
QUESTIONS BASED ON THE POEM
PAGE 233
Domande basate sulla poesia
1. What is the title of the poem?
Qual è il titolo della poesia?
___________________________________________
2. Who is the author of the poem?
Chi è l’autore della poesia?
___________________________________________
3. How many stanzas are there?
Quante strofe ci sono?
___________________________________________
4. How many lines are there in each stanza?
Quanti versi ci sono in ogni strofa?
___________________________________________
5. What sounds do you notice at the end of the second and fourth lines?
Quali suoni riconosci alla fine del secondo e del quarto verso?
___________________________________________
PAGE 234
6. List all the same sounding nouns at the end of every other line.
Example:
me and see, etc.
Indica tutti i sostantivi che hanno lo stesso suono alla fine di ogni verso alternato.
Esempio:
me e see, etc…
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
7. How many words are there in the title?
Quante parole ci sono nel titolo?
(It’s always important to think about the title of a poem or a book in the sense it
gives some information or insight to the contents).
(È sempre importante pensare al titolo di una poesia o di un libro perchè offre informazioni
sul contesto).
___________________________________________
8. What does the child have?
Che cosa ha il bambino?
___________________________________________
9. What does the little shadow do?
Che cosa fa la piccola ombra?
___________________________________________
PAGE 235
10. Describe the little shadow:
Descrivi la piccola ombra:
___________________________________________
11. Is the little shadow a boy or a girl?
La piccola ombra è un ragazzo o una ragazza?
___________________________________________
12. How do you know that the little shadow is a boy? Please note all the author’s
references.
Come sai che la piccola ombra è un ragazzo? Per favore prendi in considerazione
tutti i riferimenti dell’autore.
___________________________________________
13. Whom does the little shadow resemble?
A chi assomiglia la piccola ombra?
___________________________________________
14. What is the funniest thing about the shadow?
Qual è la cosa più buffa dell’ombra?
___________________________________________
PAGE 236
15. Try to describe the shadow’s behavior.
Prova a descrivere il comportamento dell’ombra.
___________________________________________
16. Does the shadow know how children play?
L’ombra sa come giocano i bambini?
___________________________________________
17. Why does the poet say that the shadow is a coward?
Perchè il poeta dice che l’ombra è una vigliacca?
___________________________________________
18. What did the child find “one morning, very early, before the sun was up…?”
Cosa ha trovato il bambino: “one morning, very early, before the sun was up….?”
___________________________________________
19.Where was the shadow when the little child “rose and found the shining dew on
every buttercup…?”
Dov’era l’ombra quando il piccolo bambino: “rose and found the shining dew on
every buttercup …….?”
___________________________________________
PAGE 237
20. Why did the shadow stay behind, “fast asleep in bed?”
Perchè l’ombra è rimasta indietro:”…….fast asleep in bed?”.
___________________________________________
ANSWERS TO VOCABULARY STUDY AND GRAMMAR
Risposte allo Studio del Vocabolario e della Grammatica
1. Is the vocabulary difficult for you? ___________________________________
2. List the words which seem difficult and open your dictionary.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PAGE 238
3. Indicate what the underlined words are:
definite or indefinite article
noun
verb
numeral cardinal adjective
Examples:
a
indefinite article
little
the
definite article
I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me,
a
indefinite article
little
descriptive_adjective
shadow
noun
And what can be the use of him is more than I can see.
He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head;
the
definite article
heels
noun
And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed.
my
The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow
funniest
likes
verb
to grow
PAGE 239
verb
Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow;
proper
children
noun
For he sometimes shoots up taller like an india-rubber ball,
taller
an
indefinite article
And he sometimes gets so little that there’s none of him at all.
gets
verb
He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play,
hasn’t got
verb
And he can only make a fool of me in every sort of way.
make
verb
every
sort
noun
He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see;
coward
noun
I’d think shame to stick to nurse as that shadow sticks to me !
to stick
verb
that
One morning, very early, before the sun was up,
one
PAGE 240
was up
verb
I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup;
found
verb
every
buttercup
noun
But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head,
lazy
little
arrant
Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed.
had stayed
verb
bed
noun
ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS BASED ON THE POEM
Risposte alle domande basate sulla poesia
1. What is the title of the poem?
The title of the poem is “My Shadow.”
2. Who is the author of the poem?
The author is Robert Louis Stevenson.
3. How many stanzas are there?
There are four stanzas.
PAGE 241
4. How many lines are there in each stanza?
There are eight lines in each stanza.
5. What sounds do you notice at the end of the second and fourth lines?
The sounds rhyme at the end of the second and fourth lines.
6. List all the same sounding nouns at the end of every other line.
Example:
me and see, etc.
me - see
head – bed
grow – slow
ball – all
play – way
see – me
up – buttercup
head - bed
7. How many words are there in the title?
(Is the title of the poem fitting? Does it give you a good idea of what the poem is about?)
The title has two words: my and shadow. (It is a good title. The poem is about
a shadow. Whose shadow? It is the shadow of the person speaking, the author).
8. What does the child have?
The child has, “a little shadow.”
9. What does the little shadow do?
The little shadow goes in and out with the child.
10. Describe the little shadow:
The little shadow is like the little child, “from the heels up to the head.”
11. Is the little shadow a boy or a girl?
The little shadow is a boy.
12. How do you know that the little shadow is a boy? Please note all the author’s
references.
PAGE 242
The author always calls the shadow “he” or “him.”
13. What does the shadow do when the child jumps into his bed ?
The shadow jumps into bed before he child.
14. What is the funniest thing about the shadow?
The funniest thing about the shadow is the way he likes to grow.
15. Try to describe the shadow’s behavior?
The shadow grows quickly. Sometimes the shadow shoots up
tall, like a ball. Sometimes he’s “so little that there’s none of him at all.”
16. Does the shadow know how children play?
No, the shadow does not know how children play. He tries to “make a fool of
the child in every sort of way.”
17. Why does the poet say that the shadow is a coward?
The author says that the shadow is a coward because he
sticks so close to him.
18. What did the child find “one morning, very early, before the sun was up…?”
The child found “shining dew on every buttercup.”
19.
Where was the shadow when the little child “rose and found the shining dew
on every buttercup…?”
The shadow had stayed at home.
20. Why did the shadow stay behind, “fast asleep in bed?”
The shadow is still asleep because it is very early and the
sun is not up yet.
PAGE 243
MY MULTIPLICATION TABLES
Grandma once said: “Pumpkin… you will soon discover, all by yourself, how valuable
it is to know the multiplication tables by heart. Even though many of your little
friends already have calculators or computers, nothing can replace good mental
arithmetic. And … when your Mom or Dad ask you to go out on errands, you will
always come home with the correct change.”
La nonna una volta disse: “Tesoro..presto, da solo, scoprirai quanto vale sapere le tabelline
a memoria. Anche se molti dei tuoi piccoli amici hanno già delle calcolatrici o dei computer,
niente può prendere il posto della buona aritmetica mentale. E… quando la tua mamma o il
tuo papà ti chiederanno di uscire a fare la spesa tornerai sempre con il resto giusto.”
7x 0= 0
8x 0= 0
9x 0= 0
7x 1= 7
8x 1= 8
9x 1= 9
7 x 2 = 14
8 x 2 = 16
9 x 2 = 18
7 x 3 = 21
8 x 3 = 24
9 x 3 = 27
7 x 4 = 28
8 x 4 = 32
9 x 4 = 36
7 x 5 = 35
8 x 5 = 40
9 x 5 = 45
7 x 6 = 42
8 x 6 = 48
9 x 6 = 54
7 x 7 = 49
8 x 7 = 56
9 x 7 = 63
7 x 8 = 56
8 x 8 = 64
9 x 8 = 72
7 x 9 = 63
8 x 9 = 72
9 x 9 = 81
7 x 10 = 70
8 x 10 = 80
9 x 10 = 90
7 x 11 = 77
8 x 11 = 88
9 x 11 = 99
7 x 12 = 84
8 x 12 = 96
9 x 12 = 108
PAGE 244
10 x 0 = 0
11 x 0 = 0
12 x 0 = 0
10 x 1 = 10
11 x 1 = 11
12 x 1 = 12
10 x 2 = 20
11 x 2 = 22
12 x 2 = 24
10 x 3 = 30
11 x 3 = 33
12 x 3 = 36
10 x 4 = 40
11 x 4 = 44
12 x 4 = 48
10 x 5 = 50
11 x 5 = 55
12 x 5 = 60
10 x 6 = 60
11 x 6 = 66
12 x 6 = 72
10 x 7 = 70
11 x 7 = 77
12 x 7 = 84
10 x 8 = 80
11 x 8 = 88
12 x 8 = 96
10 x 9 = 90
11 x 9 = 99
12 x 9 = 108
10 x 10 = 100
11 x 10 = 110
12 x 10 = 120
10 x 11 = 110
11 x 11 = 121
12 x 11 = 132
10 x 12 = 120
11 x 12 = 132
12 x 12 = 144
PAGE 245
EXERCISE
7 x 0 = ____________
8 x 0 = ____________ 9 x 0 = ____________
7 x 1 = ____________
8 x 1 = ____________ 9 x 1 = ____________
7 x 2 = ____________
8 x 2 = ____________ 9 x 2 = ____________
7 x 3 = ____________
8 x 3 = ____________ 9 x 3 = ____________
7 x 4 = ____________
8 x 4 = ____________ 9 x 4 = ____________
7 x 5 = ____________
8 x 5 = ____________ 9 x 5 = ____________
7 x 6 = ____________
8 x 6 = ____________ 9 x 6 = ____________
7 x 7 = ____________
8 x 7 = ____________ 9 x 7 = ____________
7 x 8 = ____________
8 x 8 = ____________ 9 x 8 = ____________
7 x 9 = ____________
8 x 9 = ____________ 9 x 9 = ____________
7 x 10 = ____________
8 x 10 = ____________ 9 x 10 = ____________
PAGE 246
7 x 11 = ____________
8 x 11 = ____________ 9 x 11 = ____________
7 x 12 = ____________
8 x 12 = ____________ 9 x 12 = ____________
EXERCISE
10 x 0 = ____________
11 x 0 = ____________ 12 x 0 = ____________
10 x 1 = ____________
11 x 1 = ____________ 12 x 1 = ____________
10 x 2 = ____________
11 x 2 = ____________ 12 x 2 = ____________
10 x 3 = ____________
11 x 3 = ____________ 12 x 3 = ____________
10 x 4 = ____________
11 x 4 = ____________ 12 x 4 = ____________
10 x 5 = ____________
11 x 5 = ____________ 12 x 5 = ____________
10 x 6 = ____________
11 x 6 = ____________ 12 x 6 = ____________
PAGE 247
10 x 7 = ____________
11 x 7 = ____________ 12 x 7 = ____________
10 x 8 = ____________
11 x 8 = ____________ 12 x 8 = ____________
10 x 9 = ____________
11 x 9 = ____________ 12 x 9 = ____________
10 x 10 = ____________
11 x 10 = ____________ 12 x 10 = ____________
10 x 11 = ____________
11 x 11 = ____________ 12 x 11 = ____________
10 x 12 = ____________
11 x 12 = ____________ 12 x 12 = ____________
PAGE 248
40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS
“As your Grandma was saying this morning: “You are doing very well. You have
every reason to be quite pleased.” “I am going to tell you something very important
before we finish our Determining Pronouns.”
Come diceva tua nonna stamattina: “Stai facendo molto bene. Hai tutte le ragioni per essere
contento.” “Ti dirò una cosa molto importante prima che finiamo i nostri Pronomi
Determinativi.”
“In life, and especially concerning your studies in general, self - confidence is
essential.”
“Nella vita, e specialmente in relazione ai tuoi studi in generale, l’autostima è essenziale.”
Do you know what that means? It means that if you apply yourself and if you know
how to ask for help when you don’t understand, nothing is impossible. Do you
remember the book you read, You can do it, Charlie Brown ? … He did do it! My Dad
used to say: “Where there is a will, there is a way.” … Never think that there is something
you cannot do. Simply take your time. Sometimes, it requires courage and
perseverance. Sometimes, you will have to say no to your friends who want you to
play with them. But think of the reward and the joy, the joy of a job well done.”
Sai cosa vuol dire? Vuol dire che se t’impegni e sai chiedere aiuto quando non capisci,
niente è impossibile. Ti ricordi il libro che hai letto intitolato, You Can do it,Charlie
Brown…? Lui l’ha fatto! Mio papà diceva: “Volere è potere.” …. Non pensare mai che c’è
qualcosa che non puoi fare. Devi solo prendere il tuo tempo piano piano. A volte ci vuole
coraggio e perseveranza, a volte dovrai dire no ai tuoi amici quando vogliono giocare con te.
Ma pensa al risultato, alla gioia, la gioia di un lavoro ben fatto.
Now, I think we have three more categories of Determining pronouns:
Allora, penso che ci sono tre categorie di pronomi determinativi da studiare:
DIPIN:
pronouns.
PAGE 249
You studied the Demonstrative pronouns and the Interrogative
Hai studiato i Pronomi Dimostrativi e i Pronomi Interrogativi.
1.
Possessive pronouns
pronomi possessivi
2.
Indefinite pronouns
pronomi indefiniti
3.
Numeral pronouns
pronomi numerali
QUICK REVIEW:
Breve ripasso:
DIPIN for both
per entrambi
Determining Adjectives
Determining Pronouns
Aggettivi determinativi
Pronomi determinativi
+ NOUN
NO NOUN
Demonstrative adjectives
Demonstrative pronouns
Interrogative adjectives
Interrogative pronouns
Possessives adjectives
Possessive pronouns
Indefinite adjectives
Indefinite pronouns
Numeral adjectives
Numeral pronouns
PAGE 250
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
PRONOMINI POSSESSIVI
A possessive pronoun indicates the thing possessed and at the same
time the possessor.
Un pronome possessivo indica la cosa posseduta e allo stesso tempo il possessore.
COMPARE
CONFRONTA
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
+ NOUN
NO NOUN
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
1.
my
our
1.
mine
ours
2.
your
your
2.
yours
yours
3.
his
their
3.
his
theirs*
her
hers
its
its
Note: 1, 2, 3 indicate the persons.
Nota: 1,2,3 indicano persone
Do not confuse: their, there (adverb) and they’re ( they are ).
Non confondere: their, there (avverbio) and they’re (they are).
PAGE 251
Examples: He does not write in his book but he writes in hers.
( possessive adjective )
( possessive pronoun )
My room is bigger than yours.
( possessive adjective ) ( possessive pronoun )
Their ideas are not as good as ours.
( possessive pronoun )
Our dogs are beautiful : mine is a setter and hers a Jack
Russell.
( possessive pronouns )
EXERCISE
Replace the possessive adjective(s) and noun(s) by the proper possessive pronoun.
Sostituisci l’aggettivo possessivo e il sostantivo con il pronome possessivo corretto.
Example: The children sold their old toys at the yard sale.
The children sold
theirs at the yard sale.
1.My lunch box is red. What color is your lunch box?
__________ is red. What color is _________?
PAGE 252
2. Our puppy won a prize at the pet show.
__________ won a prize at the pet show.
3. She lent me her umbrella last night.
She lent me _________ last night.
4. We ate their sandwiches at the picnic.
We ate _________ at the picnic.
5. He brought your books back to the library this morning.
He brought _________ back to the library this morning.
6. Would you please take her bags to the car?
Would you please take __________ back to the car?
7.When will we see his new video?
When will we see __________?
PAGE 253
8. We could not wait to buy our tickets.
We could not wait to buy _________ .
9. Do you have your gloves? I lost my gloves.
Do you have __________ ? I lost ___________.
10. Where did he put his wallet?
Where did he put _________ ?
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Replace the possessive adjective(s) and noun(s) by the proper possessive pronoun.
Example: The children sold their old toys at the yard sale.
The children sold
theirs at the yard sale.
1.My lunch box is red. What color is your lunch box?
Mine is red. What color is yours?
PAGE 254
2. Our puppy won a prize at the pet show.
Ours won a prize at the pet show.
3. She lent me her umbrella last night.
She lent me hers last night.
4. We ate their sandwiches at the picnic.
We ate theirs at the picnic.
5. He brought your books back to the library this morning.
He brought yours back to the library this morning.
6. Would you please take her bags to the car?
Would you please take hers back to the car?
7.When will we see his new video?
When will we see his?
8. We could not wait to buy our tickets.
We could not wait to buy ours.
9. Do you have your gloves? I lost my gloves.
Do you have yours? I lost mine.
10. Where did he put his wallet?
Where did he put his?
41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN
PAGE 255
MY GRANDPA’S GARDEN
“Grandpa… would you please give my spell check to Grandma? She will like that. I
showed it to Mom and Dad and they said that Grandma would be very proud of me.”
“Nonno... puoi dare per favore la mia lista di parole alla nonna? A lei piacerà. L’ho fatta
vedere alla mamma e al papà e hanno detto che la nonna sarà molto fiera di me.”
My Grandpa’s Garden
Il Giardino del mio nonno
Name what you saw in your Grandpa’s garden and recopy all the words :
Nomina tutto quello che hai visto nel giardino del nonno e riscrivi tutte le parole:
vegetable garden
______________________________
fence
______________________________
gate
______________________________
PAGE 256
wire mesh screening
______________________________
cold frame
______________________________
a hotbed
______________________________
(I didn’t know the difference between a cold frame and a hotbed. Grandpa said that
a hotbed is a cold frame covered with windows. Sometimes there are heating wires to
heat young seeds because Grandpa starts his lettuce and tomato plants in his hotbed.)
( Non sapevo la differenza fra una serra e un letto caldo. Il nonno ha detto che
un letto caldo è una serra fatta con finestre.A volte ci sono dei fili scaldati per
riscaldare i semi perchè il nonno ha coltivato le piante di lattuga e di
pomodori nella sua serra.)
greenhouse
______________________________
garden tools
______________________________
spade
______________________________
shovel
______________________________
hoe
______________________________
trowel
______________________________
pitchfork
______________________________
wheelborrow
______________________________
pail
______________________________
watering can
______________________________
garden hose
______________________________
nozzle
______________________________
spigot
______________________________
scarecrow
______________________________
sprinkler
______________________________
tractor
______________________________
PAGE 257
PAGE 258
tiller
______________________________
flower bed
______________________________
tomato plants
______________________________
lettuce
______________________________
radishes
______________________________
potato patch
______________________________
peppers
______________________________
cucumbers
______________________________
squash
______________________________
carrots
______________________________
string beans
______________________________
peas
______________________________
turnips
______________________________
cabbage
______________________________
onions
______________________________
garlic
______________________________
herbs
______________________________
parsley
______________________________
sage
______________________________
rosemary
______________________________
thyme
______________________________
tarragon
______________________________
PAGE 259
PAGE 260
plant
______________________________
weed
______________________________
harvest
______________________________
bugs
______________________________
strawberries
______________________________
raspberries
______________________________
blueberries
______________________________
currants
______________________________
rhubarb
______________________________
TODAY IS
PAGE 261
TODAY IS
Today, we will cover the fourth category of determining pronouns ( DIPIN ).
Oggi studieremo la quarta categoria dei pronomi determinativi (DIPIN).
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
PRONOMI INDEFINITI
These pronouns are called indefinite because they do not refer to
any definite or specific person, place or thing.
Questi pronomi vengono chiamati indefiniti perchè non si riferiscono ad una
specifica persona, luogo o cosa.
Example:
Others will come after these are gone.
We don’t know whether “others” refers to some (any) persons or things.
For this reason, it is called an indefinite pronoun.
Non sappiamo se “others” (“Altre”) si riferisce ad alcune persone o cose. Per
questa ragione viene chiamato pronome indefinito.
PAGE 262
TODAY IS
COMPARE
Several lessons remain to be done.
several
+
NOUN
alcune
+
SOSTANTIVO =
but
ma
=
aggettivo indefinito
Several remain to be done.
Ne sono rimaste altre ancora da fare.
several and NO NOUN
=
alcune e NESSUN SOSTANTIVO =
indefinite pronoun
pronome indefinito.
Here are some of the commonly used indefinite pronouns.
Ecco alcuni dei pronomi indefiniti più comuni.
all
All for one…
another
Another is ready.
any
Do you know any?
anybody
Anybody can do it.
both
Both are mine.
each one
Each one shall take a number.
everyone
Everyone for himself.
everything
Everything is fine.
TODAY IS
PAGE 263
few
Few will be chosen.
many
Many will be called.
no one
No one told me.
nothing
I know nothing.
one
One is enough.
others
They have tried others.
some
Here are some.
something
Something is the matter.
Try to learn at least two indefinite pronouns by heart every day:
Prova ad imparare almeno due pronomi indefiniti a memoria ogni giorno:
all
another
few
many
any
anybody
no one
nothing
both
each one
one
others
everyone
everything
some
something
PAGE 264
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
The last category of Determining Pronouns:
L’ultima categoria dei Pronomi Determinativi:
NUMERAL PRONOUNS
PRONOMI NUMERALI
A numeral pronoun is like a numeral cardinal adjective WITHOUT
the NOUN
Un pronome numerale è come un aggettivo numerale cardinale SENZA il
SOSTANTIVO.
One, two, three, four, five… ten, twenty, thirty…
COMPARE:
Examples: I have two Grandpas
( cardinal numeral adjective: there is a NOUN)
(aggettivo numerale cardinale: c’è un SOSTANTIVO)
but
ma
I have two. (numeral pronoun – NO NOUN )
but
ma
This two looks more like a three.
Two and three are NOUNS preceded by a demonstrative adjective ( This ) and an
indefinite article ( a ) .
Due e tre sono SOSTANTIVI che seguono l’aggettivo dimostrativo (This) e l’articolo
indefinito (a).
42. READING: JULES VERNE
PAGE 265
JULES VERNE
Jules Verne is a famous French writer who was born in 1828 and died in 1905, after
having written more than sixty books. His works are about marvelous travels around
the world , under the oceans and to the moon. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, From
the Earth to the Moon and Around the World In Eighty Days are the most widely
read of his books.
Jules Verne è un famoso scrittore francese. È nato nel 1828 ed è morto nel 1905 dopo aver
scritto più di sessanta libri. I suoi lavori parlano di meravigliosi viaggi nel mondo,sotto
l’oceano e sulla luna. I suoi libri più conosciuti sono 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, From
the Earth to the Moon e Around the World in Eighty days.
Read the following passage and analyse the underlined words.
Leggi il seguente brano e analizza le parole sottolineate.
“Phileas Fogg had won his wager, and had made his journey around the world
in eighty days. To do this he had employed every means of conveyance – steamers,
railways, carriages, yachts, trading-vessels, sledges, elephants. The eccentric gentleman
had throughout displayed all his marvellous qualities of coolness and exactitude. But
what then? What had he really gained by all this trouble? What had he brought back
from this long and weary journey?
PAGE 266
Nothing, say you? Perhaps so; nothing but a charming woman, who, strange
as it may appear, made him the happiest of men!
Truly, would you not for less than that make the tour around the world?
From
WORD ANALYSIS
Around The World In Eighty Days 1873
ANALISI DI PAROLE
Phileas Fogg
________________________________________
his wager
________________________________________
had made
________________________________________
the world
________________________________________
eighty days.
________________________________________
To do this
________________________________________
he had employed
________________________________________
PAGE 267
every means
________________________________________
of conveyance
________________________________________
the eccentric gentleman
________________________________________
all
________________________________________
his marvelous qualities
________________________________________
all this trouble
________________________________________
What had he brought back________________________________________
as it may appear
________________________________________
the happiest of men!
________________________________________
Truly, would you
________________________________________
PAGE 268
CORRECTED WORD ANALYSIS
correzione dell’ Analisi di Parole
Phileas Fogg
proper noun
his wager
had made
verb
the world
definite article
eighty days.
numeral adjective
To do this
demonstrative pronoun
he had employed
personal pronoun
every means
of conveyance
noun
the eccentric gentleman
PAGE 269
all
his marvelous qualities
all this trouble
What had he brought back
interrogative pronoun
as it may appear
personal pronoun
the happiest of men!
Truly, would you
personal pronoun
PAGE 270
43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
“Now that you know DIPIN very well, which means you already know a lot about
determining adjectives and pronouns, there are two other very important categories of
pronouns. We will go slowly for if you master these two types of pronouns, you will
be a very bright pupil and student later on.”
“Adesso conosci molto bene DIPIN e questo vuol dire che sai già molto sugli aggettivi
determinativi e sui pronomi. Ci sono ancora altre due categorie molto importanti di
pronomi. Andremo piano perchè se riesci ad imparare questi due tipi di pronomi, poi sarai
uno studente veramente ben preparato.”
THE FIRST CATEGORY IS THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS.
“You have already seen them but I did not elaborate when they first appeared so that
you would not be confused.”
“La prima categoria è quella dei Pronomi Personali. Li hai già visti ma io non li ho
approfonditi quando sono apparsi la prima volta per non confonderti.”
THE SECOND CATEGORY – AND IT IS THE LAST ONE AS FAR AS PRONOUNS ARE
CONCERNED - IS THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS.”
“La seconda categoria - e l’ultima per quanto riguarda i pronomi - sono I Pronomi
Relativi.”
PERSONAL PRONOUNS:
PAGE 271
THREE IMPORTANT CATEGORIES:
Tre categorie importanti:
PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT [ S ]
Pronome Personale Soggetto [s]
PERSONAL PRONOUN OBJECTS [ 0 ]
Pronome Personale Oggetto [O]
REFLEXIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS [ R ]
Pronome Personale Riflessivo [R}
And, of course, you already know that there are three persons for the singular and
three persons for the plural.
E certo, sai già che ci sono tre persone per il singolare e tre persone per il plurale.
1st person singular
I
1st person plural
2nd person singular
you
2nd person plural you
3rd person singular
he (masculine)
3rd person plural they
we
she (feminine)
it (neutral)
PAGE 272
CHART
Tabella
Singular
1
2
Plural
3
1
2
3
________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT [S]
Pronomi Personali Soggetto[S]
[S]
I
you
he
we
you
they
she
it
_________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT
[O]
Pronomi Personali Oggetto [O]
me
you
him
us
you
them
her
it
_________________________________________________________________
REFLEXIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS [R]
Pronomi Personali Riflessivi [R]
[R]
myself
yourself
himself
ourselves yourselves themselves
herself
itself
PAGE 273
“For the time being,” my Grandpa said, “just learn how to recognize all the personal
pronouns for, in the not too distant future, we will be studying something absolutely
fascinating called syntax . Your Grandma and Mom are very good at syntax. Before I
forget, remember also that there are two other personal pronouns which you will
meet in your reading pieces. They are the following:”
Mio nonno ha detto “Per adesso, basta imparare a riconoscere tutti i pronomi personali,
perchè in un futuro non lontano, studieremo una cosa assolutamente interessante, chiamata
la sintassi. Tua nonna e tua mamma sono molto brave nella sintassi. Prima che mi
dimentichi, ricordati che ci sono anche altri due pronomi personali che conoscerai nei brani
che leggerai. Sono i seguenti:”
RECIPROCAL PERSONAL PRONOUNS
each other
Pronomi personali reciproci
is used when you have two persons.
Viene usato quando ci sono due persone.
one another
is used when you have more than two persons.
Viene usato quando ci sono più di due persone.
“You see, it’s simple but many forget these two reciprocal personal pronouns. I’ll
give you 10 examples and since you will be studying syntax – that fascinating word
again - I will ask you to identify all the personal pronouns with their proper persons
in the following text.”
“Vedi, è facile ma molti si dimenticano di questi due pronomi personali reciproci. Ti farò 10
esempi e dato che tu studierai la sintassi-di nuovo, quella cosa interessante - ti chiederò di
sostituire i soggetti presenti nelle seguenti frasi con i rispettivi pronomi personali.”
PAGE 274
EXERCISES
I.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
In the following sentences, follow the example and use the proper personal pronoun:
Nelle seguenti frasi,usa il pronome personale corretto seguendo l’esempio:
Example:
Michelle and her brother spent the afternoon at my
house.
They spent the afternoon at my house.
1. Chris and I went on the class trip.
_______________________________________________________
2. You and the rest of the class will be served in a few minutes.
_______________________________________________________
3. Will Gloria play the violin tomorrow?
_______________________________________________________
4. Pat, Juan and I asked for more chili.
_______________________________________________________
PAGE 275
5. The coach and the team left this morning.
_______________________________________________________
6. My cousin, Tom, sent me a birthday e-mail.
_______________________________________________________
7. This red jacket was left on the bus.
_______________________________________________________
8. Has David arrived yet?
_______________________________________________________
9. The marching band members will play at the rally.
_______________________________________________________
10. The package should arrive tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________
PAGE 276
II. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT
1. Pass the bread to your left, please.
_______________________________________________________
2. Maria put the vase of flowers on the table.
_______________________________________________________
3. Aunt Carol sent my sister a Christmas present.
_______________________________________________________
4. Everyone cheered Jenny when she hit a homerun.
_______________________________________________________
5. We saw the same three girls at the mall last Saturday.
_______________________________________________________
6. Jeff caught the ball in left field.
_______________________________________________________
7. Will you ask Alice to help?
_______________________________________________________
PAGE 277
8. Did he tell you and Bill to repair the bicycle tires?
_______________________________________________________
9. The other players expect you and him to come to practice.
_______________________________________________________
10. I am driving Uncle Paul to the Doctor’s this afternoon.
_______________________________________________________
III. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
A review of some of the most important prepositions :
Un ripasso delle preposizioni più importanti:
Above,
from,
after,
in,
on,
against,
through,
at,
before,
under,
behind,
to,
upon,
by,
for,
without
1. It’s a good book about pirates and sailors.
_______________________________________________________
PAGE 278
2. I know that I can always count on my Grandma.
_______________________________________________________
3. We cannot go to the beach without your brother.
_______________________________________________________
4. Don’t lean against that wall.
_______________________________________________________
5. Stay behind your Dad who will show you the way.
_______________________________________________________
6. I did it for you and your friend.
_______________________________________________________
7. Work on your lessons every day.
_______________________________________________________
8. I take after my great grandfather, says my Dad.
_______________________________________________________
PAGE 279
9. Think of your sister and me.
_______________________________________________________
10. The toys are from Uncle John and the games from Aunt Jane.
_______________________________________________________
PAGE 280
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
CORRECTED EXERCISES
I. PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT
In the following sentences, follow the example and use the proper personal pronoun:
Example:
house.
Michelle and her brother spent the afternoon at my
They spent the afternoon at my house.
1. Chris and I went on the class trip.
We went on the class trip.
2. You and the rest of the class will be served in a few minutes.
You will be served in a few minutes.
3. Will Gloria play the violin tomorrow?
Will she play the violin tomorrow?
4. Pat, Juan and I asked for more chili.
We asked for more chili.
5. The coach and the team drove away this morning.
They drove away this morning.
TODAY IS
PAGE 281
6. My cousin, Tom, sent me a birthday e-mail.
He sent me a birthday e-mail.
7. This red jacket was left on the bus.
It was left on the bus.
8. Has David arrived yet?
Has he arrived yet?
9. The marching band members will play at the rally.
They will play at the rally.
10. The package should be delivered tomorrow.
It should be delivered tomorrow.
II. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT
1. Pass the bread to your left, please.
Pass it to your left, please.
2. Maria, put the vase of flowers on the table.
Maria, put it on the table.
3. Aunt Carol sent my sister a Christmas present.
Aunt Carol sent it to my sisters.
4. Everyone cheered Jenny when she hit a home run.
Everyone cheered her when she hit a home run.
5. We saw the same three girls at the mall last Saturday.
We saw them at the mall last Saturday.
PAGE 282
TODAY IS
6. Jeff caught the ball in left field.
Jeff caught it in left field.
7. Will you ask Alice to help?
Will you ask her to help?
8. Did he tell you and Bill to repair the bicycle tires?
Did he ask you to repair the bicycle tires?
9. The other players expect you and him to come to practice.
The other players expect you to come to practice.
10. I am driving Uncle Paul to the Doctor’s this afternoon.
I am driving him to the Doctor’s this afternoon.
III. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
A REVIEW OF SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS :
Above, after,
from, in, on,
against, at, before, behind, by,
through, under, to, upon, without
for,
1. It’s a good book about pirates and sailors.
It’s a good book about them.
2. I know that I can always count on my Grandma.
I know that I can always count on her.
TODAY IS
PAGE 283
3. We cannot go to the beach without your brother.
We cannot go to the beach without him.
4. Don’t lean against that wall.
Don’t lean against it.
5. Stay behind your Dad.
Stay behind him.
6. I did it for you and your friend.
I did it for you.
7. Work on your lessons every day.
Work on them every day.
8. I take after my great grandfather, says my Dad.
I take after him, says my Dad.
9. Think of your sister and me.
Think of us.
10. The toys are from Uncle John and the games from Aunt Jane.
The toys are from him and the games from her.
PAGE 284
44. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
My Grandma told me a secret: “I know that your Grandpa is so proud of what
you’ve been doing lately. It’s not always easy but you have been assiduous and
persevering. Those Pumpkin. Keep up the good work !”
Mia nonna mi ha svelato un segreto:“ So che tuo nonno è così orgoglioso del tuo
lavoro ultimamente. Non è sempre facile ma sei stato assiduo e perseverante. Queste
sono le qualità di cui hai bisogno per avere successo nella vita. Ti voglio bene,
tesoro. Continua il buon lavoro!”
“Now,” I said to myself, “I am going to go over the Relative Pronouns all by
myself.” I wanted to use some of the reflexive pronouns Grandpa taught me. “I’ll do
it for myself by myself.”
Ho detto a me stesso,”Allora ripasserò i pronomi relativi tutto da solo”. Volevo usare
alcuni dei pronomi riflessivi che il nonno mi aveva insegnato.“Lo farò per me stesso,
da solo”.
“ Now, that’s too much. Pumpkin is exaggerating. Enough…!” would add Grandma !
“Adesso è troppo. Il mio tesoro sta esagerando. Basta..!” aggiungerebbe la nonna!
PAGE 285
I. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Pronomi relativi
A relative pronoun is a pronoun which establishes a relationship between
two clauses.
Un pronome relativo è un pronome che stabilisce un rapporto fra due
proposizioni.
I know a young girl whose father is a cosmonaut.
In this example, we have two very important elements, two clauses.
In questo esempio, abbiamo due elementi molto importanti, due proposizioni.
1. I know a young girl.
2. Her father is a cosmonaut.
In a conversation, it would be boring to repeat these clauses. That is why we use
words called relative pronouns in order to link two clauses together.
In una conversazione, sarebbe noioso ripetere queste frasi. Ecco perchè usiamo
parole che si chiamano pronomi relativi per unire due proposizioni.
You have two clauses because you have two verbs:
Ci sono due proposizioni perchè ci sono due verbi:
(I)
know
( Her father )is
All the relative pronouns ( relative = relationship ) are used for the sole purpose of
establishing links.
Tutti i pronomi relativi (relativo = rapporto) vengono usati specificamente per stabilire
l’unione.
PAGE 286
THE MOST COMMON RELATIVE PRONOUNS ARE:
I pronomi relativi più comuni sono:
who, which, what and that.
USAGE
Uso
WHO, WHOSE and WHOM are used when referring to PERSONS.
Who, whose e whom vengono usati quando si riferiscono a persone.
WHICH and OF WHICH ( WHOSE ) are used when referring to A
THING.
Which e of which (whose) vengono usati quando si riferiscono ad una cosa.
THAT and WHOSE are used when referring to PERSONS, ANIMALS,
or THINGS.
That e whose vengono usati quando si riferiscono a persone, animali o cose.
PAGE 287
CHART
_________________________________________________________________
SUBJECT
OBJECT
POSSESSIVE
_________________________________________________________________
Persons Persone
WHO
WHOM
WHOSE
_________________________________________________________________
Things Cose
WHICH
WHICH
OF WHICH
________________________________________________________________
Persons or Animals or Things
THAT
THAT
WHOSE
________________________________________________________________
To be recopied carefully.
Deve essere ricopiato attentamente.
PAGE 288
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
EXERCISES
I. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun.
Completa le seguenti frasi usando un pronome relativo.
1. Thomas Jefferson, ___________ became the third president of the United States,
was one of the signers of the Constitution.
2. New cars ____________ run on electric power have been designed to lessen
pollution.
3. The snowstorm ____________ has blanketed the Midwest is expected to arrive
tomorrow morning.
4. The dolphins ___________ are being trained for a new act are fed twice a day.
5. It was Ponce de Leon ___________ discovered Florida.
6. Where is the Captain of the bobsled team ____________ has been chosen to
speak at the award dinner?
TODAY IS
PAGE 289
7. This story contains at least three sentences ___________ make no sense at all.
8. Did you watch our mayor ______________ was on television last night?
9. Is this the dessert __________ you have chosen?
10. Can you find the girl ___________ borrowed my pen?
II. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun object.
Completa le seguenti frasi usando un pronome relativo oggetto.
1. Mom, Tony hid all the puzzle pieces ____________ we put away last night.
2. Have you listened to the CDs ____________ he lent us?
3. I have just located my car keys ____________ I had left on the table.
4. Can you name the five active space shuttles ____________ NASA has launched
since 1981?
5. The man ____________ he mentioned is my older brother.
PAGE 290
TODAY IS
6. Our club was deprived of the money ____________ we earned.
7. The patient ____________ the medics revived is still on the critical list.
8. An uncle ____________ I have not seen in ages sent me an e-mail .
9. John Glenn, ____________ we applauded as the first American in orbit, was later
elected senator from Ohio.
10. My cousin Harry, _____________ we like very much, is coming for a long visit.
II. Complete the following sentences by using the relative pronoun ( Possessive case )
with the preposition “of ”.
Completa le seguenti frasi usando il pronome relativo (caso possessivo) con la
preposizione “Of” (di).
1. The little girl, ____________ mother is a doctor, just won the spelling bee.
2. The owners ____________ dogs are not on a leash will be fined.
3. ill those children ____________ bikes need inspection form a line to the right,
please?
TODAY IS
PAGE 291
4. One of my classmates ____________ house is for sale is moving to another town.
5. Where are the youngsters _____________ parents have promised to act as
chaperones for the class trip?
6. My friend _____________ brother is being married will be ring bearer.
7. There is the list of dog trainers _____________ pets performed well this year.
8. Have you met the boy _____________ brother is wearing a red ski outfit?
9. These families _____________ children have won medals for heroism are very
proud.
10. I have just seen the tennis tournament winners __________ photographs
appeared on page one o the local newspaper.
IV. Complete the following sentences by using the proper relative pronoun object of
a preposition..
Completa le seguenti frasi usando il pronome relativo oggetto di una preposizione.
1. Eleanor is the class treasurer to __________ you should give the money.
2. Standing before you is a sculpture for __________ our town has paid a high price.
PAGE 292
TODAY IS
3. The victims were trapped in an underground tunnel through __________ the
rescuers had to crawl.
4. Next to her is the author by __________ the play was written.
5. This is the trashbasket in __________ I acidentally dropped the new stapler.
6. He is the crossing guard to __________ I waved.
7. Where is the notebook on __________ is written “Class Chores?”
8. Many are the police officers in __________ the people place their trust.
9. Why are there so few places left in __________ the government can build state
parks?
10. For ___________ the Bell Tolls is a famous novel written by Ernest Hemingway.
TODAY IS
PAGE 293
TODAY IS
CORRECTED EXERCISES
I. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun.
1. Thomas Jefferson, who became the third president of the United States, was one
of the signers of the Constitution.
2. New cars that run on electric power have been designed to lessen pollution.
3. The snowstorm that has blanketed the Midwest is expected to arrive tomorrow
morning.
4. The dolphins that_ are being trained for a new act are fed twice a day.
5. It was Ponce de Leon who discovered Florida.
6. Where is the Captain of the bobsled team who has been chosen to speak at the
award dinner?
7. This story contains at least three sentences that make no sense at all.
8. Did you watch our mayor who was on television last night?
9. Is this the dessert that you have chosen?
10. Can you find the girl who borrowed my pen?
PAGE 294
TODAY IS
II. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun object.
1. Mom, Tony hid all the puzzle pieces that we put away last night.
2. Have you listened to the CDs that he lent us?
3. I have just located my car keys that I had left on the table.
4.. Can you name the five active space shuttles that NASA has launched since 1981?
5. The man whom he mentioned is my older brother.
6. Our club was deprived of the money that we earned.
7. The patient whom the medics revived is still on the critical list.
8. An uncle whom I have not seen in ages sent me an e-mail .
9. John Glenn, whom we applauded as the first American in orbit, was later elected
senator from Ohio.
10. My cousin Harry, whom we like very much, is coming for a long visit.
III.Complete the following sentences by using the relative pronoun( Possessive
case ) with the preposition “of”….
1. The little girl, whose mother is a doctor, just won the spelling bee.
2. The owners whose dogs are not on a leash will be fined.
3. Will those children whose bikes need inspection form a line to the right, please?
4. One of my classmates whose house is for sale is moving to another town.
TODAY IS
PAGE 295
5. Where are the youngsters whose parents have promised to act as chaperones for
the class trip?
6. My friend whose brother is being married will be ring bearer.
7. here is the list of dog trainers whose pets performed well this year.
8. Have you met the boy whose brother is wearing a red ski outfit?
9. These families whose children have won medals for heroism are very proud.
10. I have just seen the tennis tournament winners whose photographs appeared on
page one of the local newspaper.
IV. Complete the following sentences by using the proper relative pronoun
object of any other preposition.
1. Eleanor is the class treasurer to whom you should give the money.
2. Standing before you is a sculpture for which our town has paid a high price.
3. he victims were trapped in an underground tunnel through which the rescuers had
to crawl.
4. Next to her is the author by whom the play was written.
5. This is the trashbasket in which I acidentally dropped the new stapler.
6. He is the crossing guard to whom I waved.
7. Where is the notebook on which is written “Class Chores?”
8. Many are the police officers in whom the people place their trust.
9. Why are there so few places left in which the government can build state parks?
10. For Whom the Bell Tolls is a famous novel written by Ernest Hemingway.
PAGE 296
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
My dear Grandpa,
We have a date tomorrow and I promised I would review my prepositions. Mom said
I should tell the truth : I didn’t really review my prepositions and I didn’t do it on
purpose because I was afraid to make mistakes.
Abbiamo un appuntamento domani e ho promesso di ripassare le preposizioni. La mamma
ha detto che devo dire la verità: veramente non ho ripassato le preposizioni e non l’ho fatto
apposta per paura di fare errori.
Grandpa… Can we go over the prepositions together ? You know how to explain
things in a very simple way even if sometimes I forget.
Nonno..Possiamo ripassarle insieme? Tu sai come spiegare le cose in modo semplice anche
se a volte mi dimentico.
Can we still go fishing together?
Possiamo andare ancora a pescare insieme?
I prepared my pole and my little net ….. Mom will make sandwiches and Dad told me
he would put a few soft drinks in the cooler.
What else should I bring?
Ho preparato la mia canna da pesca e la mia piccola rete. La mamma preparerà i panini e
papà mi ha detto che metterà delle bibite al fresco. Devo portare qualcos’altro?
I love you Grandpa. Give Grandma a big kiss.
Ti voglio bene nonno. Dai un bacio grande alla nonna.
Me
PS: Scarlatti caught another mouse yesterday ! He is really terrible. I told him not to
run after my chipmunk. He has an apartment in Mom’s rock garden.
PS: Ieri Scarlatti ha preso un altro topo! Lui è veramente terribile. Io gli ho detto di non
seguire il mio tamia. Lui ha un rifugio nel giardino di rocce della mamma.
45. SPELL CHECK : FISHING
PAGE 297
FISHING WITH GRANDPA
Pescando con il nonno
RECOPY ALL THE WORDS:
rod
______________________________
reel
______________________________
pole
______________________________
line
______________________________
tackle box
______________________________
worms
______________________________
flies
______________________________
bait
______________________________
PAGE 298
hook
______________________________
lure
______________________________
float
______________________________
spinner
______________________________
the river
______________________________
a stream
______________________________
river bank
______________________________
folding stool
______________________________
waders
______________________________
fishing vest
______________________________
sunrise
______________________________
PAGE 299
sunset
______________________________
mosquito lotion
______________________________
mosquito net
______________________________
landing net
______________________________
creel
______________________________
pail
______________________________
camping burner
______________________________
cooking kit
______________________________
tent
______________________________
sleeping bag
______________________________
flashlight
______________________________
PAGE 300
camp fire
______________________________
firewood
______________________________
eating utensils
______________________________
pocketknife
______________________________
cooler
______________________________
46. PREPOSITIONS
PAGE 301
46. PREPOSITIONS
“Today we are going to review the prepositions. We already saw some but you
seem to have forgotten. That doesn’t matter as long as you are able to first, recognize
and then learn them.”
“Oggi ripasseremo le preposizioni. Ne abbiamo già viste alcune ma sembra che ti sia
dimenticato. Non importa,basta che prima le riconosci e poi le impari”.
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSIZIONI
“A preposition is a word that connects a noun or a pronoun.”
“Una preposizione è una parola che collega un SOSTANTIVO o un
pronome.”
The noun may be preceded by either an article ( definite or indefinite ) or a
determining adjective ( DIPIN ) .
Il sostantivo può essere preceduto da un articolo (determinativo o
indeterminativo) o da un aggettivo determinativo (DIPIN).
Do you now see the importance of learning things in a very methodical way? I no
longer have to explain what DIPIN means when I talk about determining adjectives.
Adesso capisci perchè è importante imparare le cose in modo metodico? Non devo più
spiegare cosa vuol dire DIPIN quando parlo degli aggettivi determinativi.
PAGE 302
46. PREPOSITIONS
The origin of the word ? The word preposition come from the Latin
prae ( before ) plus a form of ponere ( to place ).”
L’origine della parola? La parola preposizione viene dal latino prae (prima)
più una forma di ponere (mettere).”
pre - position
TWO SORTS OF PREPOSITIONS
Due tipi di Preposizioni
SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS
preposizioni semplici
COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS
preposizioni composte
SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS
The list of prepositions might seem endless to you but you will soon discover
that they are very easy to recognize, to learn and, of course, to use.
La lista di preposizioni ti può sembrare lunga, ma presto scoprirai che le
preposizioni sono molto facili da riconoscere, imparare e certamente usare.
46. PREPOSITIONS
PAGE 303
THE MOST COMMON PREPOSITIONS ARE :
about
This book is about whales.
above
Above all, look first to the left, then to the right before you
cross the street.
across
She lives in the red house across from Uncle Ted.
after
After you, Grandma!
against
The lambs were all pushing against the gate.
along
We walked along the path.
.
among
Who among you would like to play ball?
around
It’s just around the corner.
at
I shall meet you at three o’clock when the bell rings.
before
Josh and Jesse were caught before the others.
PAGE 304
46. PREPOSITIONS
behind
He was just behind me.
below
Look below the sink.
beneath
There’s some glue on the shelf beneath the workbench.
beside
Frank likes to fish beside the stream.
between
Matt had to sit between my two cousins.
beyond
The robin flew beyond those trees?
but (meaning except)
Everyone is here but you.
by
I promise I will stand by you.
concerning
A meeting is scheduled concerning the new hours.
down
The farm is down the road.
during
We ate popcorn during the film.
except
Everyone is in costume except us.
46. PREPOSITIONS
PAGE 305
for
I’ve been waiting for two hours.
from
Study from page 1 to page 15.
in
“In sickness and in health, until death do us part.”
inside
The good dishes are inside the cabinet.
into
The clowns went into the ring.
like
Hurry, that sounds like our school band.
near
Have no fear, the prompter will be near you
of
He is of the same opinion.
off
They are singing off key.
on
On the 4th of July, we celebrate Independence Day.
over
Bill tripped over the cat.
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46. PREPOSITIONS
past
Pam walked past us a minute ago.
since
Ann has not called since April.
through
Go though the whole chapter and study the questions.
throughout
I have kept good notes throughout this semester.
to
We will go to the beach this summer.
toward
Turn toward me for the next step.
under
I feel under the weather this morning.
until
Until we meet again!
up
Let’s race up the hill!
with
Come with me and we shall go to the movies.
within
It is within your power to do well.
without
What would I do without you?
TODAY IS
PAGE 307
TODAY IS
COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS
What is a compound preposition ? It is very simple:
It is composed of two prepositions:
Cos’è una preposizione composta? È molto semplice: È composta da due
preposizioni:
across from
He sat across from me.
from under
Let’s get out from under this awning.
at about
We can meet at about 5 P.M.
next to
Aisha’s house is next to Pedro’s.
PAGE 308
TODAY IS
EXERCISES
Underline all the prepositions:
Sottolinea tutte le preposizioni:
Example: The campers spread their sleeping blankets on the ground.
1. Girls, please wait for me by the bus stop.
2. The railroad bridge was built over the river.
3.Would you kindly pass me the screwdriver that is next to the toolbox?
4. They stood under the waterfall for a long time.
5. We are leaving for Mexico City on the morning flight.
6. Did he buy both the games and toys from the same store?
7. The saddles are made of fine leather.
8. “Take me to your leader,” said Captain Kirk.
9. The tuna fish is in the salad.
10. There is a good feeling throughout our neighborhood now that spring is here.
TODAY IS
PAGE 309
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Underline all the prepositions:
Example: The campers spread their sleeping blankets on the ground.
1. Girls, please wait for me by the bus stop.
2. The railroad bridge was built over the river.
3. Would you kindly pass me the screwdriver that is next to the toolbox?
4. They stood under the waterfall for a long time.
5. We are leaving for Mexico City on the morning flight.
6. Did he buy both the games and toys from the same store?
7. The saddles are made of fine leather.
8. “Take me to your leader,” said Captain Kirk.
9. The tuna fish is in the salad.
10. There is a good feeling throughout our neighborhood now that spring is here.
PAGE 310
47. CONJUNCTIONS
47. CONJUNCTIONS
Now we are going to go over a part of speech that is not very difficult, but
needs careful attention. Let’s look at CONJUNCTIONS.
Adesso ripassiamo una parte del discorso che non è molto difficile,ma occorre fare molta
attenzione.Guardiamo le CONGIUNZIONI.
A conjunction is a word which connects words or groups of words.
Una congiunzione è una parola che collega parole o gruppi di parole.
Origin of the word: The word conjunction comes from the Latin cum (with)
plus jungere (to join), past participle junctus
Origine della parola: La parola congiunzione viene dal latino cum(con) più
jungere (giungere), participio passato junctus
It may connect
TWO WORDS,
TWO PHRASES
or
TWO CLAUSES
Può collegare due parole, due frasi o due proposizioni.
47. CONJUNCTIONS
PAGE 311
REMEMBER THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHRASES AND CLAUSES:
Ricordati la differenza fra frasi e proposizioni.
WITH TWO PHRASES,
you have
one VERB
Con due frasi, hai un VERBO
Example:
He borrowed a book but with his sister’s library card.
(connecting two phrases)
WITH TWO CLAUSES,
you have
two VERBS
Con due proposizioni hai due VERBI
Example:
The door opened, but no one entered.
(connecting two clauses)
PAGE 312
47. CONJUNCTIONS
THERE ARE TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES OF CONJUNCTIONS:
In genere, ci sono due categorie di congiunzioni:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
congiunzioni coordinative
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
congiunzioni subordinative
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating conjunctions connect
TWO WORDS,
TWO PHRASES
or
TWO CLAUSES.
Le congiunzioni coordinative collegano due parole, due frasi o due
proposizioni.
THE MOST COMMON COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS ARE:
Le congiunzioni coordinative più usate sono:
and
but
for
or
&
nor
47. CONJUNCTIONS
PAGE 313
Examples: Melissa and Jeremy won the contest.
TWO WORDS
( connecting two words)
He borrowed a book but with his sister’s library card. ONE VERB
(connecting two phrases)
The door opened, but no one entered.
(connecting two clauses)
TWO VERBS
VERY IMPORTANT:
Remember the difference
Ricordati la differenza
between
a conjunction connecting
two words (Melissa AND Jeremy)
two phrases
One VERB
two clauses
Two VERBS
PAGE 314
47. CONJUNCTIONS
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Congiunzioni Subordinative
Subordinating conjunctions connect two different clauses.
Le congiunzioni subordinative collegano due proposizioni diverse.
We will study the different types of clauses with SYNTAX.
THE MOST COMMON SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS ARE:
after
as
as if
if
because
before
since
so that
that
until
unless
47. CONJUNCTIONS
PAGE 315
when
whether
while
Examples:
We ate lunch after the tour was over.
The lights went on as we got close to the driveway.
As if you couldn’t guess that I had a surprise for your birthday!
If you win the contest, I’ll help you spend the prize money.
Please help me because I don’t understand the assignment.
Review your parts of speech before you do the exercise.
Since you want to go camping, prepare your equipment.
Stay near the house so that I can call you when I am ready.
I know that you don’t like brussels sprouts.
PAGE 316
47. CONJUNCTIONS
Let’s practice pitching until the coach arrives.
I can walk to your house unless you prefer to come here.
When I was little, we used to dress up our cat in doll’s clothes.
Whether you like it or not, that’s the rule.
We can practice reciting the poem while we walk.
EXERCISE
Go over the examples and, in each case, underline the verb following the conjunction:
Leggi gli esempi e sottolinea il verbo che segue la congiunzione nei diversi casi:
Example:
1.We ate lunch after the tour was over.
2. The lights went on as we got close to the driveway.
47. CONJUNCTIONS
PAGE 317
3. As if you couldn’t guess that I had a surprise for your birthday!
4. If you win the contest, I’ll help you spend the prize money.
5. Please help me because I don’t understand the assignment.
6. Review your parts of speech before you do the exercise.
7. Since you want to go camping, prepare your equipment.
8. Stay near the house so that I can call you when I am ready.
9. I know that you don’t like brussels sprouts.
10. Let’s practice pitching until the coach arrives.
11. I can walk to your house unless you prefer to come here.
12. When I was little, we used to dress up our cat in doll’s clothes.
13. Whether you like it or not, that’s the rule.
14.We can practice reciting the poem while we walk.
PAGE 318
47. CONJUNCTIONS
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Go over the examples and, in each case, underline the verb following the conjunction:
Example: We ate lunch after the tour was over.
1. We ate lunch after the tour was over.
2. The lights went on as we got close to the driveway.
3. As if you couldn’t guess that I had a surprise for your birthday!
4. If you win the contest, I’ll help you spend the prize money.
5. Please help me because I don’t understand the assignment
6. Review your parts of speech before you do the exercise.
7. Since you want to go camping, prepare your equipment.
47. CONJUNCTIONS
PAGE 319
8. Stay near the house so that I can call you when I am ready.
9. I know that you don’t like brussels sprouts.
10. Let’s practice pitching until the coach arrives.
11. I can walk to your house unless you prefer to come here.
12. When I was little, we used to dress up our cat in doll’s clothes.
13. Whether you like it or not, that’s the rule.
14. We can practice reciting the poem while we walk.
Attention: Note that after and since can also be prepositions, in which
case they are followed by a noun or a pronoun.
Attenzione: Nota che after e since possono anche essere preposizioni, e di
conseguenza vengono seguite da un sostantivo o da un pronome.
Attention : Do not confuse Prepositions with Subordinating
Conjunctions.
Attenzione: Non confondere le Preposizioni con le Congiunzioni
Subordinative.
PAGE 320
47. CONJUNCTIONS
See the difference
Vedi la differenza
Compare:
After dinner, we’ll take a walk. (dinner = NOUN)
preposition + noun
After we had dinner, we took a walk.
(we = PERSONAL PRONOUN)
conjunction + personal pronoun + verb
CONJUNCTION +
PERSONAL PRONOUN SUBJECT +
VERB
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
INDEFINITE PRONOUN
SUBJECT
+
VERB
one, no one, everyone, nobody, everybody, someone
47. CONJUNCTIONS
PAGE 321
Examples: After I had slept, I felt much better.
personal pronoun + verb
Before I met you, I had not read many books.
Until someone complains, we will serve brussels sprouts.
indefinite pronoun + verb
Since we will be going south, let’s take my car.
PAGE 322
TODAY IS
TODAY IS
EXERCISE
Underline the conjunction and indicate the type :
Sottolinea la congiunzione e indica il tipo:
coordinating
coordinative
C
subordinating
subordinative
S
Example : My mother and father always listened to music when I was a
baby
C
S
1. My cousin joined the soccer league while I joined the tennis team.
2. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote adventure stories, poems and a famous, short story.
3. Although Alexander the Great was born in Macedonia, his empire extended as far
as the Pakistan of today.
4. Until photography was invented, we had only paintings and statues of famous
people.
TODAY IS
PAGE 323
5. We must learn to recycle our waste because we have little room left for landfills.
6. The Tropic of Cancer is in the Northern Hemisphere but the Tropic of Capricorn
is in the Southern Hemisphere.
7. I did all my homework before my father came home.
8. Will you have a pizza or would you prefer a salad?
9. If you wish to go fishing, you must first dig up some worms unless you buy them at
the bait shop.
10. May I please go to the square dance provided my room is neat and clean?
PAGE 324
TODAY IS
CORRECTED EXERCISE
Underline the conjunction and indicate the type:
coordinating
C
subordinating
S
1. My cousin joined the soccer league while I joined the tennis team.
S
2. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote adventure stories, poems and a famous, short story.
C
3. Although Alexander the Great was born in Macedonia, his empire extended as
S
far as the Pakistan of today.
4. Until photography was invented, we had only paintings and statues of famous
S
people.
5. We must learn to recycle our waste because we have little room left for landfills.
S
TODAY IS
PAGE 325
6. The Tropic of Cancer is in the Northern Hemisphere but the Tropic of Capricorn
C
is in the Southern Hemisphere.
7. I did all my homework before my father came home.
S
8. Will you have a pizza or would you prefer a salad?
C
9. If you wish to go fishing, you must first dig up some worms unless you buy
S
S
them at the bait shop.
10. May I please go to the square dance provided my room is neat and clean?
S
PAGE 326
48. INTERJECTIONS ESCLAMAZIONI
48. INTERJECTIONS
ESCLAMAZIONI
An interjection is a word uttered to indicate strong feeling or emotion.
Un’esclamazione è una parola detta per indicare un forte sentimento o
emozione.
Alas!
Dear me!
Fine!
Hurrah!
Oh!
Whew!
Bravo!
God forbid!
Nonsense!
Oh my gosh!
Pshaw!
Rubbish!
What a pity!
Good heavens!
That’s right!
Never mind!
48. INTERJECTIONS ESCLAMAZIONI
PAGE 327
So long!
Sorry!
Notice that interjections are usually followed by an exclamation point [ ! ] . A good
exercise is to repeat them in front of a mirror, using proper expression.
Nota che le esclamazioni sono normalmente seguite da un punto esclamativo [!]. Un buon
esercizio è quello di ripeterle davanti allo specchio, usando l’espressione appropriata.
PAGE 328
49. ADVERBS
49. ADVERBS
Today, we will go over the last part of speech since the verbs will be thoroughly
studied in a separate section.
Oggi ripasseremo l’ultima parte del discorso dato che i verbi saranno studiati in
maniera più approfondita in una sezione separata.
ADVERBS
AVVERBI
An Adverb is a word which modifes a verb, an adjective , or another adverb.
Un Avverbio è una parola che modifica un verbo, un aggettivo o un altro
avverbio.
By the addition of an adverb to a verb, that verb is modified, changed, made
stronger or less strong.
Aggiungendo un avverbio ad un verbo, quel verbo viene modificato, cambiato quindi
reso più o meno accentuato.
Compare:
My Dad won first prize.
My Dad easily won first prize.
easily is an adverb and won is the verb
easily è un avverbio e won è il verbo
49. ADVERBS
PAGE 329
Do you see how an adverb changes or modifies the verb?
Vedi come un avverbio cambia o modifica il verbo?
Your Dad won but we know how he won: easily
I. FORMATION
FORMAZIONE
Most of the Adverbs are formed by the addition of -ly to a descriptive adjective.
La maggior parte degli avverbi si forma aggiungendo -ly a un aggettivo qualificativo.
Repeat the adjectives and transform them into adverbs:
Ripeti gli aggettivi e trasformali in avverbi:
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
extreme
extremely
frequent
frequently
usual
usually
collective
collectively
special
specially
beautiful
beautifully
PAGE 330
49. ADVERBS
Attention:
Note that some adjectives cannot be transformed into
adverbs by adding -ly
Nota che alcuni aggettivi non possono essere trasformati in avverbi
aggiungendo -ly
II. CLASSIFICATION
( 4 )
An adverb usually answers the following questions:
Di solito, un avverbio risponde alle seguenti domande:
ADVERB of
Avverbio di
When?
Quando?
Time
tempo
Where?
Dove?
Place
luogo
How?
Come?
Manner
modo
How much, How many?
Quanto
Quantity or Degree
Quantità o Grado
Quanti?
or
To what degree?
A che grado?
49. ADVERBS
PAGE 331
ADVERB
of
Examples:
Study now.
WHEN?
now
TIME
Study here.
WHERE?
here
PLACE
Study carefully.
HOW?
carefully
MANNER
Study much. TO WHAT DEGREE? much
1. ADVERBS OF TIME modify verbs.
DEGREE
They answer the question WHEN?
Gli Avverbi di Tempo modificano verbi. Rispondono alla domanda QUANDO?
Do it now, not later
now and later modify the verb do.
She will come tonight.
tonight modifies the verb will come.
My parents turn off my light every night.
every night modifies
turn off.
2. ADVERBS OF PLACE modify verbs. They answer the question WHERE?
Gli Avverbi di Luogo modificano verbi. Rispondono alla domanda DOVE?
Sue works here.
here modifies works.
Sit here.
here modifies sit.
Turn left at the yellow house.
left modifies turn.
PAGE 332
49. ADVERBS
3. ADVERBS OF MANNER modify verbs. They answer the question HOW?
Gli Avverbi di modo modificano verbi. Rispondono alla domanda COME?
Peter runs well.
well modifies runs.
Twist it slowly.
slowly modifies twist.
She sang lovingly to the baby..
lovingly modifies sang.
4. ADVERBS OF DEGREE ordinarily modify adjectives and other adverbs.
Gli Avverbi di Grado normalmente modificano aggettivi e altri avverbi.
They answer the question TO WHAT DEGREE? or HOW MUCH?
Rispondono alla domanda A CHE GRADO? O QUANTO?
He is rather quiet.
rather modifies quiet.
Tom is very often late.
very modifies often.
The test was over quite early.
quite modifies early.
49. ADVERBS
PAGE 333
COMPARISON
ADVERBS,
LIKE ADJECTIVES,
MAY BE COMPARED.
Gli avverbi, come gli aggettivi, possono essere paragonati.
THERE ARE THREE DEGREES OF COMPARISON:
(The same as the comparison of adjectives)
Ci sono tre gradi di paragone: (Uguale al paragone degli aggettivi)
the positive
il positivo
the comparative
il comparativo
the superlative
il superlativo
Attention! The following adverbs do not have degrees of comparison:
Attenzione! I seguenti avverbi non hanno gradi di paragone:
back, before, by
ever
here, how
never, no, not, now
PAGE 334
49. ADVERBS
only
past
so
then, there
thus, too
very
when, whenever
yes
COMPARISON OF LONG ADVERBS :
Paragone di avverbi lunghi:
Use of more for the comparative
and
most for the superlative
Usa more per il comparativo
e
most per il superlativo
more and most are two other adverbs.
more e most sono altri due avverbi.
When you want to compare :
Quando vuoi paragonare :
49. ADVERBS
PAGE 335
POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Positivo
Comparativo
Superlativo
carefully
more carefully
most carefully
frankly
more frankly
most frankly
loudly
more loudly
most loudly
COMPARISON OF SHORT ADVERBS.
Paragone degli avverbi corti.
A few short adverbs of manner are compared this way:
Alcuni avverbi di modo corti sono paragonati così:
Use of the suffix -er for the comparative
and
-est
Uso del suffisso -er per il comparativo
-est
per il superlativo
e
for the superlative
POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
soon
sooner
soonest
fast
faster
fastest
early
earlier
earliest
PAGE 336
49. ADVERBS
IRREGULAR FORMS OF ADVERBS.
Forme Irregolari di Avverbi.
POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
well
better
best
much
more
most
little
less
least
badly
worse
worst
The only way to know them is to learn them by heart for they do not follow any
pattern or rule.
L’unico modo per impararli è di impararli a memoria perchè non seguono nessun
esempio o regola.
Note: The English adjective good and the adverb well have, respectively,
the same forms for the comparative and superlative degrees.
Nota: L’aggettivo inglese GOOD e l’avverbio WELL hanno, rispettivamente, le stesse
strutture sia per il grado comparativo che per quello superlativo.
49. ADVERBS
PAGE 337
EXERCISES
A. Underline the adverbs and indicate whether they are adverbs of place, time,
manner or quantity.
Sottolinea gli avverbi e indica se sono avverbi di luogo, tempo, modo o quantità.
1. Harry’s dog soon learned not to play with porcupines.
_______________
2. Our teacher never punishes the class without a warning.
_______________
3. The house is completely surrounded by lilac bushes.
_______________
4. My brother came quickly when he heard the lunch bell.
_______________
5. Uncle Sal was busily cleaning the garage.
_______________
6. The lights were still on even though the store was closed.
_______________
7. You know the song so well that you won’t have stage fright.
_______________
8. I could not sleep so I got up and went outside.
_______________
9. The score was gradually changing.
_______________
PAGE 338
49. ADVERBS
10. I suddenly found myself on the wrong floor.
_______________
CORRECTED EXERCISE
1. Harry’s dog soon learned not to play with porcupines.
( Adverb of time )
2. Our teacher never punishes the class without a warning
( Adverb of time)
3. The house is completely surrounded by lilac bushes.
( Adverb of degree )
4. My brother came quickly when he heard the lunch bell.
( Adverb of manner)
5. Uncle Sal was busily cleaning the garage.
( Adverb of manner )
6. The lights were still on even though the store was closed.
( Adverb of time )
7. You know the song so well that you won’t have stage fright.
8. I could not sleep so I got up and went outside.
( Adverb of place )
9. The score was gradually changing.
49. ADVERBS
PAGE 339
10. I suddenly found myself on the wrong floor.
( Adverb of manner)
B. Complete the following sentences by changing the adjective to an adverb.
Completa le seguenti frasi trasformando l’aggettivo in un avverbio.
Example:
Move ____________ ( quick ) or we will arrive late.
Move quickly or we will arrive late.
1. The snow fell ____________ (silent) during the night.
2. Won’t you please speak ____________ (polite)?
3. Our team swam ____________ (good) in competition.
4. My sister dances ____________ (light) in her bare feet.
5. Jamal carried the eggs very ____________ (careful).
6. Have you read each word __________ (slow) and ____________ (distinct)?
7. Please walk____________ (soft) in case the baby is sleeping.
8. The children were ____________ (final) silenced by the bell.
PAGE 340
49. ADVERBS
9. We learned that the strike had been _____________ (temporary) halted.
10. Aida spoke ____________ (courageous) about her project.
CORRECTED EXERCISE
1. The snow fell silently during the night.
2. Won’t you please speak politely ?
3. Our team swam well in competition.
4. My sister dances lightly in her bare feet.
5. Jamal carried the eggs very carefully.
6. Have you read each word slowly and distinctly?
7. Please walk softly in case the baby is sleeping.
8. The children were finally silenced by the bell.
9. We learned that the strike had been temporarily halted.
10. Aida spoke courageously about her project.
50. READING: OLIVER TWIST
PAGE 341
Today is the end of this group of lessons with your Grandpa and… your Grandma
Oggi è la fine di questo gruppo di lezioni con tuo nonno e... tua nonna
My Dear Grandchild,
Mio Caro Nipote,
Together, we are going to read two passages which have distressed your parents and
your Grandpa for they describe a world that many would like to believe never existed.
It is the story of the poor life of an innocent little boy. Everyone should read this
novel in its entirety for it can transform your life. Poverty exists and fortunate are the
children who are not exposed to the physical and moral ravages of the conditions
described by the author. You will be better able to appreciate the life style you have
and to hereafter open your heart even wider to those in need.
Insieme, leggeremo due brani che hanno angosciato i tuoi genitori e tuo nonno perchè
descrivono un mondo che a molti piacerebbe credere non fosse mai esistito. Questa storia
parla della vita povera di un bambino innocente. Tutti dovrebbero leggere questa intera
novella perchè può cambiare la loro vita. La povertà esiste, e fortunati sono i bambini che
non sono esposti alle devastazioni fisiche e morali descritte dall’autore. Sarai molto più
capace di apprezzare il tuo stile di vita e d’ora in poi potrai aprire di più il tuo cuore a
quelli che hanno bisogno.
Since we are close to the end of this booklet, we will review all the parts of speech you
covered with Grandpa. This will help you with the second part of this exchange of
letters when you and Grandpa will begin a study of SYNTAX , which is, in a way, the
study of functions. I will let your Grandpa explain o because he knows a lot more
than .
Dato che siamo quasi alla fine di questo libro, ripasseremo tutte le parti del discorso che
hai studiato con il nonno. Questo ti aiuterà con la seconda parte di questi scambi di lettere
quando tu e il nonno comincerete a studiare la sintassi, che in un certo modo, è lo studio di
funzioni. Lascerò spiegare questo a tuo nonno, perchè lui sa più di me.
Mary
PAGE 342
CHARLES DICKENS
1812 – 1870
Charles Dickens,born in England during the new industrial age which created misery
for the class of low-paid workers, is generally considered one of the greatest English
novelists. Dickens' works are characterized by attacks on social evils, injustice, and
hypocrisy. Forced to end school in his early teens, he will work in a factory before
going on to a three year period as a journalist. He soon acquires a distaste for unjust
laws and a sharp ear for conversation which would later bring his characters to life.
Among his most famous works are: Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield,
Great Expectations, and A Tale of Two Cities. Married to Catherine Hogarth in 1836, the
Dickens had ten children.
Charles Dickens, nato in Inghilterra durante l’epoca dell’ industrializzazione (che ha creato
miseria per la classe di lavoratori sotto pagati ), è generalmente considerato uno dei più
grandi novellisti inglesi. I lavori di Dickens sono caratterizzati dagli attacchi ai mali sociali,
all’ingiustizia e all’ipocrisia. Obbligato a smettere la scuola nei suoi primi anni di
adolescenza, lavorò in una fabbrica e poi fece il giornalista per un periodo di tre anni.
Presto iniziò a disprezzare le leggi ingiuste e acquistò un buon orecchio per la
conversazione che poi lo aiutò nella creazione dei suoi personaggi. Alcuni dei suoi
capolavori sono: Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations,
and a Tale of Two Cities. Sposato con Catherine Hogarth nel 1836, i Dickens avevano dieci
figli.
OLIVER TWIST
1838
This realistic novel was written by Dickens in 1838. The novel is inspired by a
legislation which stopped government aid to the poor unless they entered workhouses. Oliver, the main character, is a foundling in an orphanage. Cruelly treated,
then sold into child slavery, he runs away and has to learn to survive on the streets of
London. He is initiated into a life of petty thievery by Fagin and his gang of boy
pickpockets.
Questa novella realistica è stata scritta da Dickens nel 1838. La novella è ispirata da una
legislazione che fermò i fondi del governo per i poveri finchè non entravano in case di
lavoro. Oliver, il personaggio principale, è un trovatello in un orfanotrofio. Maltrattato e
venduto agli schiavi di bambini, lui riesce a scappare ma deve imparare a
sopravvivere nelle strade di Londra. Viene introdotto alla vita dei piccoli furti
da Fagin e dal suo gruppo di bambini ladri.
PAGE 343
Falsely accused of a robbery in a book-stall, Oliver is saved by the testimony of the
kind, book-stall keeper and Mr. Brownlow, a wealthy gentleman who takes pity on the
poor, sick boy.
Falsamente accusato di rubare in una bancarella, Oliver viene salvato dal testimone della
bontà cioè dal signor Brownlaw, il proprietario della bancarella. È un signore ricco che ha
pietà per questo bambino povero e malato.
CHAPTER XI
'Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear?
Clear the office!'
The mandate was obeyed; and the indignant Mr. Brownlow was conveyed out, with
the book in one hand, and the bamboo cane in the other: in a perfect phrenzy of rage
and defiance. He reached the yard; and his passion vanished in a moment. Little
Oliver Twist lay on his back on the pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his
temples bathed with water; his face a deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his
whole frame.
'Poor boy, poor boy!' said Mr. Brownlow, bending over him. 'Call a coach, somebody,
pray. Directly!'
A coach was obtained, and Oliver having been carefully laid on
gentleman got in and sat himself on the other.
the seat, the old
'May I accompany you?' said the book-stall keeper, looking in.
'Bless me, yes, my dear sir,' said Mr. Brownlow quickly. 'I forgot you. Dear, dear! I
have this unhappy book still! Jump in. Poor fellow! There's no time to lose.'
The book-stall keeper got into the coach; and away they drove.
CHAPTER XII
The coach rattled away, over nearly the same ground as that which Oliver had
traversed when he first entered London in company with the Dodger; and, turning a
different way when it reached the Angel at Islington, stopped at length before a neat
house, in a quiet shady street near Pentonville. Here, a bed was prepared, without loss
of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his young charge carefully and comfortably
deposited; and here, he was tended with a kindness and solicitude that knew no
PAGE 344
bounds.
But, for many days, Oliver remained insensible to all the goodness of his new friends.
The sun rose and sank, and rose and sank again, and many times after that; and still
the boy lay stretched on his uneasy bed, dwindling away beneath the dry and wasting
heat of fever. The worm does not work more surely on the dead body, than does this
slow creeping fire upon the living frame.
Weak, and thin, and pallid, he awoke at last from what seemed to have been a long
and troubled dream. Feebly raising himself in the bed, with his head resting on his
trembling arm, he looked anxiously around.
'What room is this? Where have I been brought to?' said Oliver. 'This is not the place
I went to sleep in.'
He uttered these words in a feeble voice, being very faint and weak; but they were
overheard at once. The curtain at the bed's head was hastily drawn back, and a
motherly old lady, very neatly and precisely dressed, rose as she undrew it, from an
arm-chair close by, in which she had been sitting at needle-work.
'Hush, my dear,' said the old lady softly. 'You must be very quiet, or you will be ill
again; and you have been very bad,--as bad as bad could be, pretty nigh. Lie down
again; there's a dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed Oliver's head
upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from his forehead, looked so kindly
and loving in his face, that he could not help placing his little withered hand in hers,
and drawing it round his neck.
'Save us!' said the old lady, with tears in her eyes. 'What a grateful little dear it is. Pretty
creetur! What would his mother feel if she had sat by him as I have, and could see him
now!'
PAGE 345
ANALYSIS
ANALISI
Identify the following words taken from the two passages you have just read with
your Grandma. Take your time. It takes practice and patience to master this skill.
Identifica le seguenti parole prese dai due brani che hai appena letto con tua nonna. Prendi
il tempo necessario. Ci vuole pratica e pazienza per imparare alla perfezione.
Remember:
THE PARTS OF SPEECH ( 9 )
There are nine classifications:
Le parti del discorso (9)
Ci sono nove classificazioni:
ARTICLES
Articoli
NOUNS
Sostantivi
ADJECTIVES
Aggettivi
PRONOUNS
Pronomi
PREPOSITIONS
Preposizioni
CONJUNCTIONS
Congiunzioni
INTERJECTIONS
Esclamazioni
ADVERBS
Avverbi
VERBS
[ Conjugations, modes, tenses and forms will be treated in a separate section. ]
Verbi [Congiunzioni, modi, tempi e strutture saranno trattati in una sezione
separata.]
PAGE 346
CHAPTER XI
“Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear?
the
____________________________________
said
____________________________________
magistrate
____________________________________
you
____________________________________
Clear the office!
____________________________________
and defiance. He reached the yard;
mandate
____________________________________
and
____________________________________
with
____________________________________
one
____________________________________
in
____________________________________
perfect
____________________________________
rage
____________________________________
He
____________________________________
reached
____________________________________
PAGE 347
and his passion vanished in a moment. Little Oliver Twist lay on his back on the
pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a
deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame.
vanished
____________________________________
in
____________________________________
his
____________________________________
with
____________________________________
deadly
____________________________________
white
____________________________________
convulsing
____________________________________
pray. Directly!'
poor
____________________________________
boy
____________________________________
somebody
____________________________________
the seat, the old
coach
____________________________________
sat
____________________________________
himself
____________________________________
PAGE 348
I
____________________________________
you
____________________________________
dear
____________________________________
quickly
____________________________________
unhappy
____________________________________
lose
____________________________________
drove
____________________________________
CHAPTER XII
house, in a quiet shady street near Pentonville.
away
____________________________________
over
____________________________________
nearly
____________________________________
which
____________________________________
first
____________________________________
PAGE 349
and
____________________________________
reached
____________________________________
house
____________________________________
Here, a bed was prepared, without loss of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his
young charge carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with a
kindness and solicitude that knew no bounds.
was prepared
____________________________________
time
____________________________________
which
____________________________________
comfortably
____________________________________
a
____________________________________
that
____________________________________
heat of fever.
insensible
____________________________________
all
____________________________________
and
____________________________________
PAGE 350
still
____________________________________
his
____________________________________
beneath
____________________________________
heat
____________________________________
The worm does not work more surely on the dead body, than does this slow creeping
fire upon the living frame.
does not work
____________________________________
this
____________________________________
upon
____________________________________
pallid
____________________________________
feebly
____________________________________
resting
____________________________________
around
____________________________________
what
____________________________________
said
____________________________________
the
PAGE 351
____________________________________
these
____________________________________
were overheard
____________________________________
once
____________________________________
motherly
____________________________________
undrew
____________________________________
she
____________________________________
again; and you have been very bad,--as bad as bad could be, pretty nigh.
hush
____________________________________
must be
____________________________________
have been
____________________________________
could be
____________________________________
PAGE 352
Lie down again; there's a dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed
Oliver's head upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from his forehead, looked
so kindly and loving in his face, that he could not help placing his little withered hand
in hers, and drawing it round his neck.
those
____________________________________
very
____________________________________
upon
____________________________________
and
____________________________________
his
____________________________________
that
____________________________________
hers
____________________________________
drawing
____________________________________
now!'
us
____________________________________
with
____________________________________
tears
____________________________________
grateful
____________________________________
dear
____________________________________
PAGE 353
feel
____________________________________
if
____________________________________
could see
____________________________________
him
____________________________________
PAGE 354
GRAMMAR REVIEW 4
CORRECTED ANALYSIS
CHAPTER XI
THE PARTS OF SPEECH ( 9 )
There are nine classifications:
ARTICLES
NOUN
ADJECTIVES
PRONOUNS
PREPOSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
INTERJECTIONS
ADVERBS
VERBS
Conjugations, modes, tenses and forms will be treated in a separate section.
PAGE 355
Identify the following words taken from the two passages you have just read with
your Grandma. Take your time. It takes practice and patience to master this skill.
CHAPTER XI
“Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear?
The
definite article
Said
verb
magistrate
noun
ou
personal pronoun
Clear the office!'
and defiance. He reached the yard;
mandate
noun
and
coordinating conjunction
with
preposition
one
cardinal numeral adjective
in
preposition
perfect
age
noun
PAGE 356
He
personal pronoun
reached
verb
and his passion vanished in a moment. Little Oliver Twist lay on his back on the
pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a
deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame.
vanished
verb
in
preposition
his
with
preposition
deadly
white
noun
convulsing
verb (present participle)
pray. Directly!'
poor
boy
noun
somebody
indefinite pronoun
coach
noun
sat
verb
the seat, the old
himself
PAGE 357
reflexive personal pronoun
I
personal pronoun
you
personal pronoun
dear
quickly
adverb
unhappy
lose
verb
drove
verb
CHAPTER XII
house, in a quiet shady street near Pentonville.
away
adverb
over
preposition
nearly
adverb
PAGE 358
which
relative pronoun
first
ordinal numeral adjective
and
reached
verb
house
noun
Here, a bed was prepared, without loss of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his
young charge carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with a
kindness and solicitude that knew no bounds.
was prepared
verb
time
noun
which
relative pronoun
comfortably
adverb
a
indefinite article
that
relative pronoun
heat of fever.
insensible
all
PAGE 359
and
still
adverb
his
beneath
prepostion
heat
noun
The worm does not work more surely on the dead body, than does this slow creeping
fire upon the living frame.
does not work
verb
this
upon
preposition
pallid
adjective
feebly
adverb
resting
around
adverb
PAGE 360
what
interrogative adjective
said
verb
the
definite article
these
were overheard
verb
once
adverb of time
motherly
adverb
undrew
verb
she
personal pronoun
again; and you have been very bad,--as bad as bad could be, pretty nigh.
hush
interjection
must be
verbs (must / be)
have been
verb
could be
PAGE 361
verbs (could / be)
Lie down again; there's a dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed
Oliver's head upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from his forehead, looked
so kindly and loving in his face, that he could not help placing his little withered hand
in hers, and drawing it round his neck.
those
very
adverb
upon
preposition
and
his
that
subordinating conjunction
hers
possessive pronoun
drawing
now!'
us
personal pronoun
with
preposition
tears
noun
PAGE 362
grateful
dear
noun
feel
verb
if
subordinating conjunction
could see
verbs (could / see)
him
personal pronoun

Letters to Grandpa for Italian Speakers

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