Copyright© Esselibri S.p.A.

Transcript

.
A
i
A tragedy about a king.
A didactic play.
A pastoral.
A moral essay.
br
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
li
2) One of the following statements is not an accurate description of Old
English poetry:
se
❏ A) Romantic love is a guiding principle of moral conduct.
❏ B) Its formal and dignified use of speech was distant from everyday
use of language.
❏ C) Irony is a mode of perception, as much as it was a figure of speech.
❏ D) Christian and pagan ideals are sometimes mixed.
Tower Bridge.
London Bridge.
Westminster Bridge.
Blackfriars Bridge.
©
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
Es
3) The name of the first bridge across the river Thames is:
4) The first English playwright to use the blank verse was:
ht
Christopher Marlowe.
William Shakespeare.
Thomas Sackville.
John Webster.
ig
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
5)Euphues and his England was set in:
London.
Oxford.
Paris.
Naples.
yr
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
C
op
6) The first of these disasters, which took place in 1665, was:
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
The Civil War.
The Great Flood.
The Great Plague.
The Great Fire.
Language and civilization questions
1) Gorboduc, or Ferrex and Porrex is:
S.
Answer the questions
p.
Test n. 1
.
A
Libro II • Part III - Language and civilization questions
234
p.
7)Among the following poems, tick the one which does not describe
or celebrate an apocalyptic regeneration of humanity and the world
effected by the creative capacity of the human mind:
S.
Coleridge’s Dejection: An Ode.
Blake’s Prophetic Books.
Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus.
Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
i
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
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Gay’s Beggar’s Opera.
Butler’s Hudibras.
Fielding’s Jonathan Wild.
Dryden’s Absalom and Achitophel.
9)The Education Act of 1944:
se
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
br
8) The literary work which best captures a sense of the political turmoil,
particularly regarding the issue of religion, just after the Restoration is:
Es
❏ A) Made secondary education obligatory and free for all.
❏ B) Made secondary education obligatory for all and free for low and
middle-class children.
❏ C) Made primary school compulsory and free.
❏ D) Made school education obligatory for all and free for country children.
10)The interlude is:
©
A short drama.
A short play like a sort of morality.
A drama.
A poem.
ht
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
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11)One of the following was a major factor in the unprecedented economic wealth of Great Britain during the eighteenth century:
Formal diplomatic relations with China.
The exploitation of colonial resources, labour, and the slave trade.
The American and French revolutions.
The union of England and Wales with Scotland.
yr
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
12)A Pastoral is:
C
op
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
The tendency of poets to describe human feelings.
A genre of poetry based on classical models.
A narrative poem with a central heroic figure.
A medieval genre characterized of a mysterious atmosphere.
.
A
Test n. 1
Reality in all its diverse manifestations.
Human feelings towards religion.
The hidden standard elements of Romanesque art.
The nature.
S.
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
p.
13)In painting Baroque art attempted to interpretate:
Rabelais’s Gargantua and Pantagruel.
Boccaccio’s Decameron.
Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Cervantes’s Don Quixote.
br
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
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14)Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrews takes its model from:
Fanny Burney.
Mary Wollstonecraft.
Mary Shelley.
Jane Austen.
Es
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
se
li
15)Given the popularity of the Gothic novel and the novel of purpose, one
of the following novelists wrote a fiction that is closer in subject matter
to the novel of manners than it is to the writing of her own era:
16)In Sidney’s Arcadia there are:
Social themes.
Love and heroism themes.
Religious themes.
Political themes.
©
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
ht
17)There was an event which served as the inspiration for Percy Bysshe
Shelley’s poems to the working classes The Mask of Anarchy of 1819:
yr
ig
❏ A) The organization of a working class men’s choral group in Southern
England.
❏ B) The Battle of Waterloo.
❏ C) The Peterloo Massacre.
❏ D) The first Reform Bill, passed in 1832, which aimed to bring greater
Parliamentary representation to the working classes.
18)Aldous Huxley wrote:
C
op
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
The Doors of Perception.
The Turn of the Screw.
Inside the Whale.
Ethan Frome.
235
.
A
236
S.
Ministry of Love.
Ministry of Truth.
Thought Police.
Ministry of Peace.
20)The original inhabitants of British Isles were:
br
Jutes.
Normans.
Celts.
Iberians.
li
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
i
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
p.
19)The government department leader character in Orwell’s 1984 works
for his:
se
21)Among the following statements there is one which perfectly reflects
the status of England, its people, and its language in the early sixteenth century:
©
Es
❏ A) English travellers were not obliged to learn French, Italian, or Spanish during their explorations of the Continent.
❏ B) Cities like London, Oxford, and Cambridge paralleled continental
cities like Venice, Madrid, and Paris for their bustling marketplaces and impressive universities.
❏ C) English travellers often returned from the Continent with foreign
fashions, much to the delight of moralists.
❏ D) Intending his Utopia for an international intellectual community,
Thomas More wrote in Latin, since English had no prestige outside
of England.
The War of the Austrian Succession.
The Seven Years’ War.
The American War of Independence.
The Thirty Years’ War.
ig
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
ht
22) The war which ended with the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was:
yr
23)The modernist narrative technique of free indirect style can be described as:
C
op
❏ A) A stream of conscious form of narrating.
❏ B) The incorporation of rhyming dialogue into prose fiction.
❏ C) The representation of the different perspectives of a multiplicity of
narrators.
❏ D) A form of narrating whereby the writer enters the mind of their
characters to speak on their behalf.
.
A
Test n. 1
p.
24) The true statement about inventions during the Industrial Revolution is:
i
S.
❏ A) Zip replaced buttons and snaps.
❏ B) Hand labour became common with the invention of power-driven
machinery.
❏ C) Oil, as opposed to wind and water, became a primary source of
power.
❏ D) The invention of textile processing machines marked the end of the
Industrial Revolution.
li
Trains run by steam power.
Anaesthetics.
Export of cotton.
Colonization of one fourth of the Earth’s territory.
se
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
br
25)One of the following was not an invention and development brought
about during the Victorian Era:
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
George IV.
William IV.
Queen Victoria.
Edward VII.
Es
26)The Great Reform Bill was passed under the reign of:
27)The man who wanted to put the end to lassez-faire was:
©
Gwillym Lloyd George.
Neville Chamberlain.
J.M. Keynes.
Wilfred Owen.
ht
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
28)The facade of Buckingham Palace is:
ig
Roman.
Gothic.
Neoclassical.
Classical.
C
op
yr
❏ A)
❏ B)
❏ C)
❏ D)
237
.
A
p.
Risposte al Test n. 1
S.
1)Risposta esatta: B
br
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Gorboduc was a legendary early British king mentioned by Geoffrey of Monmouth. In his
lifetime he divided his kingdom between his sons Ferrex and Porrex, thereby creating great
civil strife in which the two sons were killed. The play Gorboduc, or Ferrex and Porrex is
modelled on Senecan tragedy. It was written for performance before Queen Elizabeth, and
it is evident that the writers (two young noblemen, Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville)
were concerned to instruct the Queen tactfully in the essential business of ensuring that
she left an undisputed heir to the throne.
2)Risposta esatta: A
se
li
Old English poetry is far from romantic love and there are no moral conducts in it.
There are war-songs, poems commemorating battles, lyrical and elegiac poems. They are
written in a language very distant from the nowadays English. Irony is a mode of perception and Christian and pagan ideals in some cases are mixed together.
4)Risposta esatta: C
Es
London Bridge was the city’s only crossing over the Thames. Although its most recent
incarnation leaves much to be desired, the bridge has a rich and wonderfully varied history dating back to Roman times.
ht
©
Gorboduc, or Ferrex and Porrex was the first English blank verse tragedy. It was performed
by the players of the Inner Temple in 1561. The first edition of the play, published in 1565,
attributes the first three acts to Thomas Norton (1532-84) and the last two to Thomas
Sackville (1536-1608).
5)Risposta esatta: D
yr
ig
The plot of Eupheus and his England is extremely simple. The hero, whose name may very
possibly have been suggested by a passage in Roger Ascham’s Schoolmaster, is, in the
beginning, in bondage to the follies of youth, «preferring fancy before friends, and this
present humour before honour to come». His travels bring him to Naples, where he falls
in love with Lucilla, the governor’s light-minded daughter. Lucilla is already pledged to
Euphues’s friend Philautus, but Euphues’s passion betrays his friendship, and the old
lover finds himself thrown over by both friend and mistress.
op
C
Plague had been around in England for centuries but in 1665 the so-called Great Plague
hit the country - though it was Stuart London that took the worst of the plague. The plague
was only finally brought under control in 1666 when the Great Fire of London burned
down the areas most affected by plague - the city slums inhabited by the poor.
.
A
p.
7) Risposta esatta: D
i
S.
In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft argues that women’s voices are
missing because women are denied educational opportunities. Since reason is the key
characteristic of human beings, anyone denied the possibility of developing reason, male
or female, will seem inferior. If women were more «rationally educated, they could take a
more comprehensive view of things ...» and participate more fully in philosophy. If women in her society were intellectually inferior, the reason for this inferiority had nothing to
do with «sexual character». Rather they were «inferior» because they had been taught to
focus all their attention on becoming docile beauties attractive to men.
br
8) Risposta esatta: D
se
li
Absalom and Achitophel is a landmark poetic political satire by John Dryden. The poem
exists in two parts. The first part, of 1681, is undoubtedly by Dryden. The second part, of
1682, was written by another hand, most likely Nahum Tate. The poem is an allegory that
uses the story of the rebellion of Absalom against King David as the basis for discussion
the Monmouth rebellion called the «Meal-tub Plot» (1679) and the Exclusion Crisis. Dryden’s
skill at walking a fine line between praise and condemnation of his king is extraordinary,
and the poem is not only the finest satire Dryden wrote, but is likely the finest political
satire ever written in English verse, even if the topicality of the satire is so intense to obscure its value to modern readers.
Es
9) Risposta esatta: A
©
Butler’s 1944 Education Act was an attempt to create the structure for the post-war British education system. The act raised the school-leaving age to 15 and provided universal
free schooling in three different types of schools; grammar, secondary modern and technical. Butler hoped that these schools would cater for the different academic levels and
other aptitudes of children. Entry to these schools was based on the 11+ examination, as
it is known.
ig
ht
The interlude is a sort of short play, sometimes religious, but usually moral, in character, which could be played in the banqueting hall of the noble or in the market place or
village green by a few players, and without the expensive and elaborate machinery of the
miracle. The popularity and ease of preparation of the interlude soon induced its amateur
performers to extend a practice not unknown in the case of miracles, and take it «on tour»,
as we should say now, from town to town and village to village.
yr
op
In the eighteenth century England had established itself as one of the greatest power in
the world. It acquired new colonies in South Africa, Central America and Asia. The exploitation of colonial resources, including the slave trade, was one of the factors of
economic wealth of Great Britain. Colonies were considered as territories to be exploited and as market for English goods.
C
The Greek poet Theocritus of Syracuse was the inventor of «bucolic» or pastoral poetry
in the first half of the third century B.C. They were the principal model for Virgil in the
239
.
A
p.
240
S.
Eclogues and their influence can be seen in the work of Petrarch and Milton. Although it
is the pastoral poems for which he is chiefly famous, Theocritus also wrote hymns to the
gods, brilliant mime depictions of everyday life, short narrative epics, epigrams, and encomia of the powerful.
br
i
Baroque painting in England was dominated by the presence of Rubens and Van Dyck,
who inspired an entire generation of portraitists. Baroque painters, sculptors, and architects sought to portray emotion, variety, and movement in their works by appealing to the
senses.
Es
se
li
The History and the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams was
written in imitation of the manner of Cervantes, author of Don Quixote (1742), in which
reversing the parody started in the previous work, Fielding at first imagined that Pamela’s
good and modest brother, Joseph, had to defend his virtue against the attacks of Lady
Booby. But he soon dropped the original idea of writing a satire, and produced a real
novel in which Joseph, after many adventures, was finally able to return home, where he
married a good and beautiful girl. In spite of the title, the main character of the novel
proved to be Parson Adams, the simple but lovable curate in the Booby family, a quixotic
personage who, under his ingenuousness and whimsicality, concealed a straightforward
conscience and a solid Christianity.
ht
©
Jane Austen (1775-1817) was a prominent English novelist whose work is considered part
of the Western canon. Despite living the sheltered life of a spinster, her insights into
women’s lives and her mastery of form and irony made her one of the best authors of her
era. While her first novel, the posthumously published Northanger Abbey, pokes fun at the
Gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe, Austen is most famous for her later works, which took the
form of socially conscious comedies of errors. These, especially Emma, are often cited for
their perfection of form, while modern critics continue to unearth new perspectives on
Austen’s keen commentary regarding the predicament of young, unmarried, upper-class
English women in the early 1800s.
ig
op
yr
Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586) was the ideal gentleman and the champion of the Protestant
cause. He wrote Arcadia, a prose romance in a pastoral setting, influenced by the Italian
poet Iacopo Sannazaro. Love and heroism are tightly woven themes. The treatment of
love throughout the narrative is ambiguous. The reason for this is the dual nature of love.
Love is a great source of power and it can create both «celestial» and «infernal» effects.
The way in which these effects are manifest in a character is determined by the two parts
of «love»: the vessel - or lover; the object - or beloved. The manifestation of infernal or
celestial love in a character determines whether or not they are heroic.
C
Recent work on Shelley has focused on the relationship between poetry and politics, attempting to explain poetry’s role in effecting political change. The Mask of Anarchy is a
.
A
S.
p.
poem devoted to the working classes, based on the Peterloo Massacre of 1819. It was a
hard-hitting attack on the Government which caused a massacre of working men at Peterloo where eleven people were killed and four hundred wounded.
br
i
Aldous Huxley’s production was wide. Besides novels he published travel books, histories,
poems, plays, and essays on philosophy, arts, sociology, religion and morals. Among Huxley’s
best known novels is Brave New World, which is one of the classical works of science fiction.
In his later years Huxley wrote two books about mind-altering drugs. In 1954 Huxley
published an influential study of consciousness expansion through mescaline, The Doors
of Perception, and became later a guru among California hippies. He also started to use
LSD and showed interest in Hindu philosophy.
Es
se
li
Winston Smith is a thin, frail, contemplative, intellectual, and fatalistic thirty-nine-yearold. A minor member of the ruling Party in near-future London, Winston hates the totalitarian control and enforced repression that are characteristic of his government. Orwell’s
primary goal in 1984 is to demonstrate the terrifying possibilities of totalitarianism. The
reader experiences the nightmarish world that Orwell envisions through the eyes of the
protagonist, Winston Smith who works at the Ministry of Truth. His personal tendency
to resist the stifling of his individuality, and his intellectual ability to reason about his
resistance, enables the reader to observe and understand the harsh oppression that the
Party, Big Brother, and the Thought Police Institute.
ht
©
The original inhabitants of the British Isles were Iberians, who were driven to remoter
corners of the land by a series of invasions which took place between the 7th and the 3rd
centuries B.C.
op
yr
ig
More’s Utopia was a work written in Latin. It was divided in two parts: the second, describing the place (or Nusquama, as he called it sometimes in his letters Nowhere), was probably written towards the close of 1515; the first part, introductory, early in 1516. The book
was first printed at Louvain, late in 1516, under the editorship of Erasmus, Peter Giles,
and other of More’s friends in Flanders. It was then revised by More, and printed by Frobenius at Basle in November, 1518. It was reprinted at Paris and Vienna, but was not
printed in England during More’s lifetime. Its first publication in this country was in the
English translation, made in Edward’s VI’s reign (1551) by Ralph Robinson. It was translated with more literary skill by Gilbert Burnet, in 1684, soon after he had conducted the
defence of his friend Lord William Russell, attended his execution, vindicated his memory, and been spitefully deprived by James II of his lectureship at St. Clement’s. Burnet was
drawn to the translation of Utopia by the same sense of unreason in high places that caused
More to write the book. Burnet’s is the translation given in this volume.
C
The war of the Austrian Succession broke out in 1740 when Prussia invaded Silesia,
one of Austria’s richest provinces. Austria was also at war with Spain. War broke out be-
241
.
A
p.
242
S.
tween Britain and Spain, colonial and trading rivals, in 1739 and in 1741 Britain joined
the war of the Austrian Succession by allying with Austria against France in order to
protect the balance of power. The War ended in 1748 by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,
which provided that all conquests made during the war revert to their original possessors,
with some exceptions. Britain had helped to prevent the growth of French power in Europe.
br
i
The free indirect style can be described as a technique used in the high-modern period,
characterized by a turn inward with an emphasis on a continual flow of impressions. The
modernists adopted the French free indirect style to allow them to enter the minds of
their characters and speak on their behalves.
Es
se
li
Industrial Revolution rested on three major developments. Most important was the completion of the nation’s modern transportation and communication networks - the railroad,
telegraph, steamship, and cable - that made possible the high-volume flow of goods essential for the creation of modern industrial economies. The second was the coming of
electricity in the 1880s, which provided a more flexible source of power than steam for
industrial machinery, a new means of urban transportation (the trolley and the subway),
and brighter, cheaper, and safer illumination in factories, offices, and homes. Electricity
also transformed chemical and metallurgical processes. The third development was the
beginning of the application of science to industrial processes and to the creation of new
and improved consumer and industrial products. The new industries of the Second Industrial Revolution employed new or greatly improved processes to turn out new or greatly
improved products that included steel and other metals, light and heavy machinery, oil,
chemicals, and in addition, packaged food, drug, and tobacco products bearing brand
names. Oil, as opposed to wind and water, became a primary source of power.
©
ig
ht
In 1804 a high-pressure steam engine was mounted on a four-wheeled vehicle designed
to run along a track, and carried 9 metric tons (19,800 pounds), 5 wagons and 70 men. In
1830 the first passenger service was begun. The first steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick, and first ran on 21 February 1804, although it took some years before steam
locomotive design became efficient and economically practical. The steam locomotive
remained by far the most common type of locomotive until after World War II. The age
of steam correlates highly to the coal era. The age of the modern railroad began with the
invention of the steam engine (the «iron horse»).
yr
op
The Great Reform Bill was introduced in Parliament by the Whigs, who had popular
opinion with them. After a strong resistance from the House of Lords, it was passed in
1832 under the reign of William IV. He was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death, 20 June 1837.
C
The late 20s are remarkable for a series of proposals based on modern economic theory,
the results of research encouraged by the leader of the Liberal Party, Gwillym Lloyd
.
A
S.
p.
George. The aim was to end «laissez faire» economy policy, organize certain industries
or services. For example railways and electricity, on a national basis, and eliminate unemployment as far as possible.
C
op
yr
ig
ht
©
Es
se
li
br
i
The neo-classical facade was added in 1913. The palace which arose surrounded three
sides of a large quadrangle, with the former Buckingham House at its centre. The new
work was faced in Bath stone, with exquisite detailing in the French neoclassical style.
This is the palace much as it is today, but without the great east front, facing The Mall,
which now encloses the quadrangle.
243

Copyright© Esselibri S.p.A.

Transcript

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