Salute delle donne, scheda La tiroide.Inglese

A CURA DEL DOTT. GUARDO S. RAUL
ONLUS (D.Lgs. 460/97)
1
Thyroid disease affects women more
often
By Dr. Raul Guardo Salinas
What is the thyroid:
The thyroid is a gland of internal secretion, which is located on the base of the neck. It secretes
two hormones: T3 (triiodotironine) and T4 (thyroxine).
T3 and T4 influence on oxidation processes in cells. Thus, the thyroid gland regulates the
activities of almost all organs, all tissues of each cell.
Via Tosco Romagnola, 15 – 56012 FORNACETTE (PI) – Tel. 0587/423101 – Fax 0587/423133
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ONLUS (D.Lgs. 460/97)
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Typically, the thyroid regulates the metabolic processes, the frequency of the heartbeat,
cholesterol level, body weight, consumption of energy, muscle strength, regularity of menstrual
cycle, nutrition and skin Hair, cognitive processes and memory.
The activity of the thyroid is regulated by the central nervous system through the hypothalamus
and pituitary. The latter, through the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin or
TSH), stimulates thyroid activity with the production of thyroid hormones.
There is also a counter-regulatory mechanism of the thyroid, for which the effect of T3 and T4
can control both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. However, the level of thyroid
hormones remains normal. Much depends on the operating conditions of the body. Iodine, an
element indispensable for the functioning of the thyroid, participates actively in control of the
secretion and release of the thyroid hormones in the blood. So, it is very important to ensure a
sufficient external input.
Why get sick more female sex
The diseases of the thyroid gland are directly and obviously linked with sex, because most
often it affects women, So women may have thyroid disorders, diagnosed or mild (subclinical),
5-8 times more often than men.
Consequently, it is logical to assume that it is the middle of the estrogen and the cyclical nature
of the special hormonal changes that may be one factor explaining the number of dominant
thyroid diseases among women.
Because hormonal changes in female body take place throughout life, that is to say of pubertal
development to old age, the most important changes occur during pregnancy, lactation and
menopause. Compared with men, women of all ages are more likely to diseases of the thyroid
gland. This is still a factor that is associated with the hormonal background of female body, that
Via Tosco Romagnola, 15 – 56012 FORNACETTE (PI) – Tel. 0587/423101 – Fax 0587/423133
Cod. Fisc., Part. IVA e Registro Imprese 01289270504 – Albo Cooperative A115410
e-mail: [email protected] sito web: www.agapesociale.it
ONLUS (D.Lgs. 460/97)
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is to say that he also determines the disposition of women to autoimmune disease (a
disturbance of the immune system) in general and those of the gland thyroid in particular.
The most common diseases of the thyroid
When the thyroid gland stops functioning normally, its form may change, in particular, it can
grow (hyperplasia or goiter only) or multiple nodules or rare (nodular goiter), and may be
associated with this, even the excess or defect of hormone production..
Thyroid nodules
That’s in 5-10% of the general population. The major reason for concern is the possibility that
these nodules may be the site of malignancy, having to then proceed to surgery. In reality, a
thyroid nodule is a malignant tumor in a small percentage of cases (1-5% of patients) and
therefore the indiscriminate removal of thyroid nodules is not an appropriate therapeutic
approach. In the case of thyroid nodules, are required in some surveys, such as a blood test,
ultrasound examination with biopsy cytology after sampling, sometimes the thyroid scan to
define the nature of the lesion.
The hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism:
It indicates the alteration of thyroid hormone production, that is to say either in excess (the
hyperthyroidism) or deficiency (hypothyroidism). Hyperthyroidism is often a consequence of
autoimmune changes, when the body starts to produce antibodies that damage a few of its
organs, in this case the thyroid, and this antibody activates an anomalous functioning of the
gland.
In other cases, the antibodies produced by the thyroid gland against error. Can destroy the
fabric or to interfere in the process of production of hormones, causing hypothyroidism. In any
case, the cause of hypothyroidism the most common is the removal of the thyroid gland injured..
The thyroiditis, It’s an inflammatory processes that can affect the thyroid tissue, are paintings
varying in duration and magnitude of thyroid dysfunction. Even the thyroid are often caused or
accompanied by the presence of antibodies against the thyroid.
The main risk factors of diseases of the thyroid:
 family history of thyroid disease
 to be Female
 pregnancy
 Iodine deficiency
 radiation of the neck region
Women who are over 40 years, particularly those who were pregnant not long ago (<6 months),
who have had diseases of the thyroid gland or have the hérédoprédisposition are at risk of the
hyperthyroidism.
And instead of women aged 20-40, particularly those who were pregnant not long ago (<6
months) and always those who have had diseases of the thyroid gland or have the
hérédoprédisposition are at risk of hyperthyroidism.
Via Tosco Romagnola, 15 – 56012 FORNACETTE (PI) – Tel. 0587/423101 – Fax 0587/423133
Cod. Fisc., Part. IVA e Registro Imprese 01289270504 – Albo Cooperative A115410
e-mail: [email protected] sito web: www.agapesociale.it
ONLUS (D.Lgs. 460/97)
4
The particular risk factors for development of a cancerous neoplasm of the thyroid gland:
 family history to neoformation of the thyroid

Radiation of the neck region
 Women who are over 60 years.
Suspicious nodules are those who:
 Are expanding rapidly despite the special treatment
 Are firm, fixed, accompanied by swollen neck lymph nodes, which in turn prevents them
from swallowing food and can inspire and provoke Chand voice.
The main signs as signal of thyroid malfunction
Hyperthyroidism
Weight loss
Unjustified
Diarrhea
Palpitation
Bulging eyes
Hypothyroidism
Heat intolerance
and sweating
Weight gain
slow and
gradual
Slow heartbeat
Intense chills
Swelling of the
neck
Constipation
Swelling of the
face
Swelling of the
neck
Via Tosco Romagnola, 15 – 56012 FORNACETTE (PI) – Tel. 0587/423101 – Fax 0587/423133
Cod. Fisc., Part. IVA e Registro Imprese 01289270504 – Albo Cooperative A115410
e-mail: [email protected] sito web: www.agapesociale.it
ONLUS (D.Lgs. 460/97)
5
Once identified these problems:
It's reported to a specialist endocrinologist or rather by your doctor, who will make some simple
tests such as, for example:
 Analysis of blood
 Ultrasound
To determine with certainty whether or not there is some alteration of the thyroid.
Via Tosco Romagnola, 15 – 56012 FORNACETTE (PI) – Tel. 0587/423101 – Fax 0587/423133
Cod. Fisc., Part. IVA e Registro Imprese 01289270504 – Albo Cooperative A115410
e-mail: [email protected] sito web: www.agapesociale.it
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