incontro e materiale andrea plebani

Jihadismo globale
Andrea Plebani
Stato Islamico: messaggio
• Crisi Islam. Soluzione: jihad armato e una nuova Medina (Stato
Islamico);
• Califfato :
• Da creare ora (vs AQ) affinchè diventi modello per umma;
• nuova egira;
• Califfato autorità suprema > altre forme autorità/stati illegittimi;
• Apostasia colpisce tutti coloro che non aderiscono a visione IS. Ahl
al-Kitab, sciiti, sufi, ma anche sunniti che non accettano nuovo
ordine;
• “Altro” deve essere eliminato perchè potrebbe infettare la
“società nuova”;
• Violenza e terrore principali media usati da IS.
Stato Islamico: messaggio
O Muslims everywhere, […] raise your head high, for today – by Allah’s grace – you
have a state and khilāfah, which will return your dignity, might, rights, and
leadership. It is a state where the Arab and non-Arab, the white man and black man,
the easterner and westerner are all brothers. […] Allah brought their hearts together,
and thus, they became brothers by His grace, loving each other for the sake of Allah,
standing in a single trench, defending and guarding each other, and sacrificing
themselves for one another. […]
“We clarify to the Muslims that with this declaration of khilāfah, it is incumbent
upon all Muslims to pledge allegiance to the khalīfah Ibrāhīm and support him (may
Allah preserve him). The legality of all emirates, groups, states, and organizations,
becomes null by the expansion of the khilāfah’s authority and arrival of its troops to
their areas”.
O Muslims everywhere, whoever is capable of performing hijrah (emigration) to the
Islamic State, then let him do so, because hijrah to the land of Islam is obligatory.”
Al-Hayat Media Center, A message to the mujahidin and the Muslim ummah in the month of
Ramadan, July 1, 2014
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqxoAsLJP2w
IS: origini ed evoluzione
Stato Islamico: rinascita
•
•
•
•
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi nuovo leader;
Ritiro forze US dall’Iraq;
Politiche settarie al-Maliki > ripresa opposizione sunnita
Guerra civile siriana. Fondamentale per ISI per:
• ripulire la sua immagine dopo la debacle irachena;
• Ristabilire il contatto con le comunità sunnite locali
(collaborazione con ribelli, fornitura di cibo, Stato di
diritto, campagna di pubbliche relazioni);
• Volontari, training e finanziamenti;
• Prossimità strategica Siria e Iraq.
Da ISI a ISIS
o Apr2013 proclamazione ISIS:
o al-Julani rinnova fedeltà ad al-Zawahiri > rottura ISIS-JaN;
o al-Zawahiri chiede ritorno status quo ante;
o Al-Baghdadi sconfessa pubblicamente al-Zawahiri: “The Islamic State of
Iraq and the Levant will remain, as long as we have a vein pumping or an
eye blinking. […]. When it comes to the letter of Sheikh Ayman alZawahiri - may God protect him - we have many legal and
methodological reservations. After consulting with the consultative
council of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [...] I chose the order of
God over the orders that contravenes Allah in the letter.“
o Una nuova fase:
o Aumento operazione in Siria e Iraq (breaking the wall)
o Lotta aperta contro JaN, altri gruppi ribelli, curdi
o Norme draconiane imposte alla popolazione
o Abuso violenza e takfir
Da ISIS a IS
o Dic2013-Jan2014: ISIS esoulso da Siria nord-occidentale
o Feb2014: al-Zawahiri rompe legami con ISIS
o "Al-Qaeda announces it is not linked to the Islamic State of
Iraq and the Levant. […] ISIL is not a branch of al-Qaeda, has
no links to it, and the [al-Qaeda] group is not responsible for
its acts. […] We affirm our disavowal from the sedition that is
occurring in Syria between factions of jihadists, and from the
blood that was shed by any party”
o ISIS sposta sue aree operative:
o Siria settentrionale
o Greater Baghdad
o Al-Anbar e Niniveh
giugno2014: presa Mosul > «stato islamico» (IS)
.
Presenza attuale IS in Syraq
2014-2015
• Kobane
• Tikrit
• Tal Abyad
• Sinjar
2016
• Ramadi
• Palmira
• Falluja
• Manbij
aree perse/prese nel 2016
Foreign fighters
Soufan Group 2015
27-31.000 foreign fighters > Siria
Crisi stato
Siraq: i molti attori “interni”
Dinamiche egemoniche
regionali
12
Is message can be countered
1-It is forbidden in Islam to issue fatwas without all the necessary learning requirements.
[…]It is also forbidden to cite a portion of a verse from the Qur’an—or part of a verse—to
derive a ruling without looking at everything that the Qur’an and Hadith teach related to
that matter. […]
3- It is forbidden in Islam to oversimplify Shari’ah matters and ignore established Islamic
sciences.
6- It is forbidden in Islam to kill the innocent.
7- It is forbidden in Islam to kill emissaries, ambassadors, and diplomats; hence it is
forbidden to kill journalists and aid workers.
9- It is forbidden in Islam to declare people non-Muslim unless he (or she) openly
declares disbelief.
12- The re-introduction of slavery is forbidden in Islam. It was abolished by universal
consensus.
13- It is forbidden in Islam to force people to convert.
24- After the death of the Prophet, Islam does not require anyone to emigrate anywhere.
Open letter to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, 19 settembre 2014
http://www.memri.org/publicdocs/MEMRI_IA_1205_Delegitimizing_ISIS_On_Islamic_GroundsFINAL.pdf
IS and communication: TOOLS
Tools
Scope
Social media
Radicalization, recruitment
Horror videos/nasheed
To disseminate fear and
inspire
Ref
http://www.agi.it/estero/notizie/isisvideo-minaccia-sgozzamentisottotitoli-in-italiano---video-e-fotobrhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y
g7KuNagYMw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l
qxoAsLJP2w
Counter information
videos
To show IS capabilities
Dabiq/Dar al-Islam
To celebrate success propaganda
Gamification
Attract young volunteers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d
XAnJ8jnLCI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S
Df_VTMlcdQ