docsaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
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saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
evrokavSiri, ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul -evropuli sakonsultacio centri (GEPLAC) da “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi” evrokavSiris urTierTobebi aRmosavleT evropis da centraluri aziis qveynebTan ufro gaR rmavda 1991 wlidan, mas Semdeg rac amoqmedda teqnikuri daxmarebis programa tasisi (Tacis). am urTierTobebma ufro intensiuri xasiaTi miiRo politikuri dialogis meSveobiT, romelic gadaizarda urTierTpartniorobaSi saerTo miznebis misaRwevad. saqarTvelos SemTxv evaSi amgvari TanamSromloba ganpirobebulia evrokavSirTan dadebuli partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebiT, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wels. ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul -evropuli sakonsultacio centri (GEPLAC) dafuZnda 1997 wels, tasisis programis farglebSi, proeqtis saxiT. proeqtis mimdinare faza xorcieldeba Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH-s mier. garda “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” da “qarTuli samarTlis mimoxilvis” publikaciebisa, centri konsultaciebs uwevs saqarTvelos mTavrobas ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebriv sferoSi proeqtiT gaTvalisiwnebul sakiTxebze. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis (sem-is) gamocema xorcieldeba evrokavSiris teqnikuri daxmarebis farglebSi, misi Sinaarsi warmoadgens mxolod avtorTa pirad Sexedulebebsa da mosazrebebs ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnas evrogaerTianebis poziciad. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi kvartaluri mimoxilva 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” (sem) gamocemis mizania, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri reformis mimdinareobiT dainteresebul pirebs miawodos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis msvlelobis mimoxilva. sem-i daarsda 1995 wels da qveyndeba qarTul da inglisur enebze. es da wina gamocemebi xelmisawvdomia internetis saSualebiT: www.geplac.org “saqarTvelos mimarTulebebis” am gamoSvebaze (anbanis mixedviT): ekonomikis muSaobdnen daviT gvenetaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goCa kereseliZe, erekle naTaZe, SoTa qeldiSvili, dimitri qemokliZe, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, saimon stouni, sofiko xmalaZe, mark hadsoni gamocema informacias Rebulobs rigi samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan, maT Soris statistikis saxelmwifo departamentidan, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankidan, saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan, finansTa saministrodan, ekonomikis, mrewvelobis da vaWrobis saministrodan, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrodan, jandacvis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministrodan, sagareo urTierTobaTa saministrodan da sxva saministroebidan da saxelmwifo departamentebidan. wyaro miTiTebulia yvelgan, sadac ki es SesaZlebeli iyo. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis momwodeblebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis (regularuli konsultaciebis) da maTi mxardaWeris gareSe am mimoxilvis momzadeba SeuZlebeli iqneboda. sem-is mizania, sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdom informaciaze damyarebuli, ekonomikis ganviTarebis tendenciebis damoukidebeli analizis warmodgena. garda amisa, mocemulia rCevebi ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcielebis, ekonomikuri da sxva informaciis Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis dargSi. gamocema miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikuri reformis mxardaWeras. masSi warmodgenili mosazrebebi gamoxatavs mxolod avtorTa Sexedulebebs da ar SeiZleba miCneul iqnas evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur poziciad. avtorTa ekonomikuri Sinaarsis statiebs, romlebic aqtualurad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebTan mimarTebaSi. gamoqveynebamde yvela statia ganixileba sem-is saredaqcio kolegiis mier, romelic zogierT SemTxvevaSi axdens statiaTa redaqtirebas avtorTa nebarTviT. statiis gamoqveyneba xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi srul SesabamisobaSia semis saredaqcio politikasTan. statiis gamoqveynebis msurvelebma unda miawodon Tavisi naSromi Word fai lis formatSi sem-is mTavar redaqtors, q-n veronika Snaiders eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected] an warmoadginon piradad GEPLAC–is ofisSi qvemoT miTiTebul misamarTze. statiebis avtorTa azri da Sexeduleba ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmoadgens mxolod maT pirad pozicias da SeiZleba ar emTxveodes rogorc sem-is saredaqcio kolegiis, aseve evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul -evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur pozicias. mkiTxvels SeuZlia sem-is citireba yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, im pirobiT, rom wyaro saTanadod iqneba miTiTebuli. damatebiTi daukavSirdeT: informaciisaTvis gTxovT veronika Snaiders saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis mTavar redaqtors ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul -evropuli sakonsultacio centri (GEPLAC) Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 3 8 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 39 (pirdapiri) el-fosta: [email protected] sem-is kvartaluri gamocemis regularulad misaRebad gTxovT SegvatyobinoT eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT romel enaze (qarTuli, inglisuri) gsurT sem-is miReba da Tqveni sakontaqto misamar Ti. sem-i agreTve aqveynebs sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenel (saqarTvelos parlamenti, mTavroba, akademiuri wreebi) saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi sarCevi winasityvaoba nawili I. Tavi I. 3 ekonomikis mimarTulebebi mokle mimoxilva 7 Tavi II. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis mTavari mimarTulebebi 11 Tavi III. saxelmwifo finansebi 19 Tavi IV. fuli da finansebi 26 Tavi V. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 33 Tavi VI. privatizacia 40 Tavi VII. samuSao Zalis bazari , Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa Tavi VIII. saqarTvelo-evrokavSi ris urTierTobebi kalendari 50 65 72 nawili II. danarTi: statiebi I. qarTuli eqsportis perspeqtivebi gafarToebuli evropis bazarze (zogadi mimoxilva) 92 Tamar beruCaSvili, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri evrointegraciis sakiTxebSi II. saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba 96 iuri rexviaSvili, saqarTvelos mecniere baTa akademiis, g.wulukiZis saxelobis samTo institutis qvanaxSiris sabadoTa damuSavebis laboratoriis gamge, institutis wamyvani mecnier TanamSrom eli III. korporaciuli qcevis normebi 111 Tengiz axobaZe, saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisiis wevri nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi ekonomikuri glosariumi 118 statistikuri danarTi 129 abreviaturebi 142 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli #3 1 winasityvaoba Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, ukve ramodenime xania sem-i, GEPLAC-is saxeliT, yuradRebas amaxvilebs saqarTvelosTvis e.w. “samewarmeo politikis” mniSvnelobaze. Cveni azriT, rigi mizezebis gamo, romlebic moyvanilia qvemoT mocemul winasityvaobaSi, amgvari politikis ganxilva dRes metad drouli da sakmaod mniSvnelovania. Tumca, uwinares yovlisa, marTebuli iqneb oda, rom mokled gangvexila Tu ras gulisxmobs termini “samewarmeo politika”. sinamdvileSi, aRniSnul termins garkveulwilad SecdomaSi SevyavarT, radgan aucilebeli ar aris, rom termini “samewarmeo” uSualod warmoebas gulisxmobdes. gegmuri ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi es SesaZloa asec iyo, vinaidan arsebul garemoSi igi moicavda iseT sakiTxebs rogorebicaa seqtorebis an dargebis (metwilad “samrewvelo” dargebis) marTva uSualod saxelmwifos mier, garkveuli mizeziT konkretuli seqtorebis prioritetebad gamoyofa da gegmis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebeli dargobrivi saministroebis Seqmna, romlebic Tavad warmoadgendnen mniSvnelovan politikur simboloebs. nakleb radikaluri formiT, amgvari midgoma moicavs iseT cnebas, rogoricaa “saxelmwifo rogorc mewarme”, romelic monawileobs “gamarjvebulTa SerCevis”, kreditebis ganawilebisa da administraciuli privilegiebis miniWebis procesSi. am sakiTxTan mWidroT aris dakavSirebuli idea, rom mTavrobam yvelaferi unda iRonos “erovnuli Cempionebis” dasacavad d a ufro metic, stimulireba gaukeTos maT winsvlas. anglosaqsonuri qveynebis politekonomistebi, Cveulebriv, akritikeben amisaTvis kontinenturi evropis mTavrobebs. Tumca, simarTle imaSia, rom yvela qveynis mTavroba misi mfarvelobis qveS myof kompaniebTan mimarTebaSi (iqneba es saxelmwifo Tu kerZo seqtoris kompaniebi) amgvarad iqceva, vinaidan saboloo jamSi, ufro farTo asortimentis momsaxurebiT amomrCevelic kmayofilia da warmatebuli mewarmeebic ixdi an gadasaxadebs. WeSmaritad sabazro ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi samewarmeo politikaze principulad gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba aqvT. faqtobrivad, ekonomistebis mtkicebiT , romlebic samewarmeo saqmianobaSi saxelmwifos ar Carevis poziciis mtkice momxreebi arian, politika, sadac saxelmwifo erTgvar meurved gvevlineba, mxolod umniSvnelo adgils unda ikavebdes sabazro ekonomikaSi – isini saxelmwifos rols xedaven saxelmwifos mier realuri mewarmeebisaTvis gzis daTmobasa da maTTvis Sansis micemaSi . aRniSnul debatebSi gamoTqmul sxvadsxva mosazrebas Soris, GEPLAC-i emxroba im pozicias, rom samewarmeo saqmianobaSi saxelmwifos Careva mizanSewonili moculobiT marTebulia, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos amJamindeli ganviTarebis dones Tu gaviTvaliswinebT. Tumca, aq gadamwyveti mniSvnel oba aqvs Carevis xasiaTs. udaoa, rom mTavroba ar unda monawileobdes uSualod warmoebis procesSi ; am mxriv privatizacia metad xelsayreli politikaa. Tumca, rac mTavrobas SeuZlia da unda gaakeTos es saqmianobaTa maregulirebeli bazis, kanonebis Seqmnaa – ara bevris, magram saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 3 winasityvaoba iseTi kanonebisa, romlebic saWiroa samewarmeo saqmianobis samuSao adgilebis Sesaqmnelad. ganviTarebisaTvisa da saqarTvelosa kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis erovnuli programa gamiznulia swored iseTi samarTlebrivi garemos Seqmnaze, romelic xels Seuwyobs samewarmeo saqmianobas da gaamartivebs administraciul procedurebs, rameTu ganviTarebis procesma ekonomikis rac SeiZleba farTo sfero moicvas. sxvagvarad rom iTqvas, amgvarma principulma sakanonmdeblo da maregulirebelma moqmedebam Tanabari sargebeli unda moutanos yvela monawile mxaresa da yvela seqtors, anu e.w. “TamaSis Tanabari pirobebi” Seuqmnas. amgvari midgomis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi gveqneba Zalze jansaRi samewarmeo politika - iseTi politika, romelic uzrunvelyofs “xel Semwyob garemos” da ramac arsebiTad unda ganapirobos ekonomikuri zrda. Tumca, garkveulwilad, es realuri problemis dasawyisic aris – problemis, romelic ekonomistebisaTvis didi xania garkveul Tavsatexs warmoadgens; SesaZlebelia adgili hqondes jansaR ekonomikur zrdas, romlis drosac samuSao adgilebi naklebad iqmneba. naTelia, rom saqarTvelos zustad samuSao adgilebis Seqmna esaWiroeba rogorc siRaribis problemis erTaderTi, xangrZlivi periodze gaTvlili da marTebuli gadawyveta. amasTan, bevr qveyanaSi da mravali mizezis gamo, ekonomikur zrdas yovelTvis ar mohyolia samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, aramed piriqiT. amas adasturebs bevri post -socialisturi qveynis magaliTi da maT Soris iseTi qveynebisa, romlebic amJamad evrokavSiris wevrebi arian. analogiurad, ekonomikis “samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis gareSe aRorZinebis” procesSi, SeerTebulma Statebma bolo 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi ekonomikis mTel rig seqtorebSi 1 milion ze meti samuSao adgili dakarga da ra Tqma unda, bevri maTgani warmoebis dargSi, rac dabralda qveynidan warmoebis gadanacvlebas, gansakuTrebiT ki aziis qveynebSi. saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva qveyanaSi, mTavrobas uSualod ar SeuZlia bevri grZelvadiani samuSao adgilis Seqmna, iqneba es subsidirebis, saxelmwifo SromiTi programebisa Tu msgavsi iniciati vebis meSveobiT. amdenad, zemoT aRniSnuli saerTo xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnas saxelmwifos mier arsebiTi mniSvenloba eniWeba. arsebobs Tu ara saxis RonisZiebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gatarebul iqnas arsebuli samewarmeo politikis efeqtianobis asamaRleblad da amgvarad, uzrunvelyos ekonomikuri zrdis SesaZlebloba samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis pirobiT? amgvari RonisZiebebi albaT arsebobs; arsebobs mravali magaliTi efeqturi iniciativebisa, romlebic ekonomikuri politikis gamtareblebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon da, romlebsac Semdgom gan vixilavT mocemul winasityvaobaSi. ekonomikuri politikis ama Tu im mimarTulebis SerCevisas gadawyvetilebis mimRebebma kargad momzadebuli rCevebi unda miiRon im kompetenturi samsaxurebisgan, romlebic daxmarebas gauweven saTanado teqnikuri analizis meSveobiT. midgoma, romelic GEPLAC-s mier aris rekomendirebuli da, romelic amJamad SemuSavebis procesSia, emyareba ekonomikis seqtorul analizs, romelic Tavis mxriv dafuZnebulia partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaze. misi Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi iqneba mogvianebiT, mimdinare wlis ganmavlobaSi, “niSnulebis Sesaxeb” 4 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 winasityvaoba moxsenebis saxiT, romelic moicavs miRweuli progresis raodenobriv gansazRvras, Sedarebebs sxva qveynebTan , da aseve miTiTebebs im miznebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic saqarTvelos ekonomikam unda daisaxos samomavlod momavalSi sul ufro mzardi globalizaciis pirobebSi. qvemoT moyvanilia zogierTi im ZiriTadi sakiTxTagan , romelic SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes amgvar moxsenebaSi: § Tu ki samuSao adgilebi warmoadgens siRaribis realurad daZlevis saSualebas, ramdeni samuSao adgili unda da SesaZlebelia rom Seiqmnas momdevno 3, 5 an 10 weliwadSi? § romel seqtorebSi arsebobs axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis yvelaze didi albaToba, yvela faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT: gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis, momsaxurebis, samSeneblo Tu sxva seqtorebSi? aziaSi, sadac gansxvevebuli pirobebia, indoeTma upiratesoba mianiWa momsaxurebis seqtors, CineTma ki gadamamuSavebel mrewvelobas. realurad moutans Tu ara saqarTvelos sargebels gare resursebis mozidvis tendencia? § risi gakeTeba iqneba mizenSewonili soflis meurneobis seqtorTan dakavSirebiT, romelic xasiaTdeba Sromis nayofierebis dabali doniT, magram soflis mosaxleobisaTvis saarsebo minimumis safuZvels Seadgens? § ramdenad SeiZleba ganvi Tardes da gamyardes saqarTvelos, rogorc satranzito qveynis, pozicia, ra saxis investiciebi da ra Sedegebis miRweva iqneba saWiro sagareo urTierTobebSi? § realurad ra saxis saqoneli da momsaxureba SeiZleba saqarTvelom SesTavazos ucxoel momxmarebels? § romeli seqtorebi warmoadgenen realur interess ucxoeli investorebisaTvis? § ramdenad aris informirebuli arsebuli da potenciuri samuSao Zala bazris SesaZlo moTxovnebis Sesaxeb? § SeuZlia Tu ara saqarTvelos SedarebiT Zlier satelekomunikacio seqtors xeli Seuwyos ekonomikur zrdas? am etapze yovelive zemoaRn iSnuli warmoadgens mxolod kiTxvebs, romlebzec pasuxebi, imedia, male gaicema. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi (soflis meurneobis seqtoris gamoklebiT, romlis ugulvelebyofa ubralod SeuZlebelia), dasmuli SekiTxva iqneba ara “es unda gakeTdes Tu is mocemul seqtorSi?”, aramed “rogoria realuri mdgomareoba an moTxovna, romelic saWiroebs Sefasebasa da ganxilvas?” cxadia, es mxolod Zalzed mokle da zogadi CamonaTvalia, magram igi sakmarisi unda iyos Tundac msjelobis dasawyebad Semdeg sakiTxebze: § saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba, romelic SesaZleblobebTan erTad aseve sirTuleebsac qmnis, is faqtoria, romelsac veraferi Secvlis; maSasadame, politika mtkiced unda iyos mizanmimarTuli aRniSnul realobaze. § rogorc umetes qveynebSi, samuSao adgilebis Sesaqmnelad absoluturad aucilebelia mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa dinamiuri ganviTarebis garemos uzrunvelyofa. aseve aSkaraa, rom Tu romelime seqtori did potencias avlens, praqtikulad yvelaferi unda gakeTdes aseTi seqtoris Seuferxebeli muSaobis uzrunvelsayofad minimumamde dayvanili sagadasaxado tvirTiT. § maSin, rodesac zogadsaganmanaT leblo sferoSi (mag. enebis, kompiuteris codna) investiciebi yovelTvis aris saW iro, gamarTlebuli iqneba resu rsebis moZieba saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 #.3 5 winasityvaoba § profesiuli momzadebisaTvis i m seqtorebSi , romelTac ganviTarebis potenciali gaaCniaT. rogorc sxva qveynebis magaliTi gviCvenebs, bevri ram SeiZleba gakeTdes saqarTvelos Sesaxeb informaciis sazRvargareT gavrcelebis mimarTulebiT. es gazrdida informirebis dones qveyanaSi ukanasknel wlebSi miRweuli winsvlis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT ki demokratiuli faseulobebisa da sabazro ekonomikis principebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT. ekonomikuri zrdis, modernizebisa da samewarmeo politikis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, Cvenma mowveulma avtorebma aRniSnuli sakiTxi sxvadasxva WrilSi warmoadgines. pirveli statiis avtoria q-ni Tamar beruCaSvili, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri evrointegraciis sakiTxebSi . statia exeba qarTuli eqsportis perspeqtivebs gafarToebuli evrokavSiris bazarze. meore statia ekuTvnis saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis g.wulukiZis saxelobis samTo institutis qvanaxSiris sabadoTa damuSavebis laboratoriis gamges, institutis wamyvan mecnier TanamSromels, b-n iuri rexviaSvils. statiaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia qveynis energetikul problemebze da ekonomikis mocemuli seqtoris Sesaxeb dawvrilebiTi raodenobrivi monacemebis mniSvnelobaze, rogorc ekonomikuri politikis sferoSi gadawyvetilebebis safuZvelisa. mesame statiis avtoria b-ni Tengiz axobaZe – saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisiis wevri. statia ganixilavs korporaciuli qcevis normebsa da pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebs, romlebsac unda iyenebdnen yvela kompaniasa da muSakTan mimarT ebSi saimedo da gamWvirvale saqmiani garemos Seqmnaze orientirebul qveynebSi. 6 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 Tavi pirveli. mokle mimoxilva erovnuli angariSebi da ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp da ZirTadi mimarTulebani ssd- is winaswari SefasebiT, saqarTvelos mSp-m 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 4 506,2 milioni lari (2 251,9 milioni aSS dolari, daaxloebiT 496,2 aSS dolari erT sul mosaxleze gaangariSebiT). mSp- s zrdis tempi 9,4 procenti iyo 2003 wlis imave periodis 8,6 procentTan SedarebiT. ekonomikuri zrdis maRali donis SenarCuneba saqarTvelos ekonomikisaTvis Zalze pozitiuri tendenciaa. mSp- s yvelaze maRali done aRiniSneboda mrewvelobis, mSeneblobis, transportis da kavSirgabmulobis seqtorebSi. amave dros unda aRiniSnos, rom warmoebis done saqarTvelos ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi ar izrdeboda da uaryofiTi zrdis tempi dafiqsirda soflis meurneobis sferoSi. ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar mamoZravebel faqtors warmoadgenda “baqo -Tbilisijeihanis” navTobsadenis mSenebloba. aRniSnulma proeqtma dadebiTi gavlena iqonia mSeneblobisa da momsaxurebis seqtorebis ganviTarebaze. mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom proeqtma daasaqma mniSvnelovani raodenobis muSaxeli, ramac Sesabamisad gazarda mosaxleobis Semosavali da moTxovna Sida bazarze. wina wlis msgavsad, moTxovna Sida bazarze, eqsportis zrdasTan erTad, kvlav gvevlineba ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar faqtorad. sagareo vali 2004 wlis 30 ivnisisaTvis, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo valma, saxelmwifos mier garantirebuli valis CaTvliT, Seadgina 1 821,6 milioni aSS dolari (3 497,4 milioni lari), rac 2003 wlis mSp-s 46,1 procentia. 2003 wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT saqarTvelos vali aSS dolarebze gaangariSebiT gaizarda 17,2 milioniT, magram wina kvartlis bolosTan SedarebiT vali Semcirda 7,5 milioni aSS dolariT. mniSvnelovania, rom 2004 wlis 21 ivliss parizis klubis wevr kreditor qveynebsa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris miRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba sagareo valis restruqturizaciis Sesaxeb. sagadamxdelo balansi monacemebi 200 4 wlis pirveli naxevris sagadamxdelo balansis Sesaxeb ar iyo xelmisawvdomi im periodisaTvis, rodesac sem–is mimdinare gamocema mzaddeboda. am mizezis gamo Jurnalis mimdinare gamocemaSi Cven gavaanalizebT sagadamxdelo balansis 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi arsebul tendenciebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul periodSi mimdinare angariSebis balansi gauaresda, saerTo sagadamxdelo balansi gau mjobesda 2003 wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. sagadamxdelo balansis gaumjobeseba umTavresad dakavSirebulia kapitalisa da safinanso angariSebis balansis zrdasTan. saxelmwifo finansebi 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis kanonis Tanaxmad wlis pirveli naxevaris Semosavlebs 590 milioni larisTvis unda mieRwia, rac wliuri saprognozo maCveneblis 41 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 7 mokle momixilva procentia. faqtiurma Semosavlebma, grantebis CaTvliT , 699.7 milioni lari (gegmis 119 procenti) Seadgina. faqtiurad miRebulma Tanxebma saprognozo maCvenebels 109 milioni lariT gadaaWarba. wina wlis maCveneblebTan Sedareba aCvenebs STambeWd av 62 procentian zrdas saxelmwifo biujetis SemosavlebSi. saxelmwifo biujetis faqtiuri xarjebi 735 milioni lari iyo, rac wina wlis Sesabamisi periodis xarjebs 44 procentiT aRemateba. xarjebis ZiriTadi saxelmwifos marTva. elementebia socialuri uzrunvelyofa, valis momsaxureba da fuli da finansebi sagadasaxado administrirebis gaumjobebisaken mimarTuli mTavrobis RonisZiebebis Sedegad 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi qveyanaSi Crdilovani ekonomikis nawilis legalizacia da sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrda moxda. gadasaxadebis zrdam da ucxouri valutis Semodinebam qveyanaSi da misma Semdgomma konversiam erovnul valutaSi larze moTxovna gazarda. amis Sedegad bankebis gareT arsebuli fuladi masis nawili sabanko arxebSi moxvda, ris gamoc komerciuli bankebis sadepozito valdebulebe bi, seb-Si sakorespondento angariSebze da mTavrobis angariSebze Tanxebi gaizarda. amave dros komerciul i bankebis sakredito saqmianoba Semcirda, Tumca Tavisufal saxsrebs bankebi saxazino valdebulebebSi (sv) aTavsebdnen, ramac sv- s saprocento ganakveTebi Seamcira. amave dros ucxouri valuta bazarze garkveul zewolas axdenda. larze gazrdilma moTxovnam laris nominaluri kursis gamyareba gamoiwvia. magram am faqtorma qarTuli eqsp orti ufro Zviri da naklebad konkurentunariani gaxada. aseve Semcirda mosaxleobis im nawilis realuri Semosavali, romelic Semosavlebs ucxoeTidan fuladi gzavnilebebis saxiT iRebs. amave dros, laris nominalurma gamyarebam Crdilovani ekonomikis nawi lis lagalizaciiT gamowveuli fase bis zrda gaaneitrala. amis Sedegad 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi samomxmareblo fasebi umniSvnelovnod gaizarda da mas Tan daerTo zogierTi saqonlis fasis sezonurma kleba , rac eqvsi Tvis saSualo 0.13 procentiani deflaciiT gamoixata. 2004 wlis pirveli naxevris saSualo Sewonilma saprocento ganakveTma 24.1 procenti Seadgina, rac bevrad naklebi iyo , vidre 2003 wlis pirvel naxevarSi (40.5 procenti). 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gaizarda sv- is saSualo vadianoba da 2 9 4 d R e Seadgina, m aSin rodesac erTi wlis win saSualo vadianoba 131 dRe iyo. 2004 wlis pirveli ivlisis mdgomareobiT 92.5 milioni laris sv iyo mimoqcevaSi. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi bankebma Tbsb-ze gayides 130.7 milioni aSS dolari, rac 2003 wlis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi Sesrulebul gayidvebze (1 01.2 milioni aSS dolari) meti iyo. ucxouri valutis Warbma miwodebam ganapiroba laris nominaluri kursis aweva. saerTaSoriso vaWroba 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi registrirebuli eqsporti wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT gaizarda 66 procentiT, maSin rodesac importi gaizarda 57 procentiT. vaWrobis aseTi mniSvnelovani zrda ganpir obebuli iyo saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gatarebuli antikorufciuli RonisZiebebiT, ramac gamoiwvia aralegaluri vaWrobis wilis Semcireba. mniSvnelovania agreTve is faqti, rom baqo-Tbilisi- jeihanis navTobsadenis 8 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 mokle momixilva mSeneblobis aqtiuri fazis pirobebSi gaizarda Sesabamisi saqonlis importi. amasTan erTad, 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi dafiqsirda mSp-s 9.4 procentiani zrda, rac xelSemwyobi faqtoria vaWrobis ganviTarebisTvis. qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti gaizarda da Seadgina 39 procenti, maSin rodesac 2003 wlis pirvel naxevarSi aRniSnuli koeficienti daaxloebiT 36 procents Seadgenda. 2004 wlis ivlisSi, evrokomisiam miiRo gadawyvetileba gaaumjobesos SeRavaTiani savaWro reJimi (GSP-is sqema) misi gamartivebis mimarTulebebiT . evrokomisia, gasuli wlebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, gvTavazobs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs 2006-2015 GSP-s sqemis SemuSavebisaTvis. saqarTvelosTvis, romelic evrokavSiris GSP-iT mosargeble qveyanaa, mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli gamartivebuli, grZelvadiani sqemis arseboba. privatizacia axalma mTavrobam saqarTveloSi reformebis axali etapi daiwyo da privatizacia am procesis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia. igi gansakuTrebul rols iTamaSebs qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi. 1992 wels saqarTveloSi privatizebis procesis dawyebis Semdeg, privatizebulia 15,000- ze meti sawarmo. saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi darCenilia sawarmoTa sakmaod didi raodenoba – daaxloebiT 1,800 mcire, saSualo da strategiuli mniSvnelobis sawarmo, romlebSic saxelmwifos wili aqvs da romelSic 180,000- ze meti adamiania dasaqmebuli. mimdinare privatizebis politikis mTavari tendenciebia darCenil sawarmoTa swrafad gadacema kerZo sakuTrebaSi da ekonomikis radikaluri deregulireba kerZo investiciebis mobilizebisaTvis. axali mTavroba gegmavs ucxoeli investorebis mozidvas da biznesisaTvis ufro xelsayreli garemos Seqmnas qveyanaSi. aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi momxdari cvlilebebi, sadac gasul wlebSi privatizacia Zalze mcire masStabiT xorcieldeboda, dadebiT Sedegs iqoniebs mTlianad privatizaciisa da ekonomikuri reformebis procesebze. 2005 wels, axal i sagadasaxado kodeqsis parametrebis dawesebis kvalobaze, saqarTvelo ufro momzidveli qveyana gaxdeba rogorc Sida, aseve gare investorebisaTvis. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrom gamoaqveyna 372 sawarmos sia, romelSic saxelmwifos wilis gayidva SeTavazebulia auqcionis wesiT. aRniSnuli privatizebis procesi 18 TveSi unda ganxorcieldes. privatizebis procesis obieqturobisa da gamWvirvalobis da msoflios masStabiT informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro avrcelebs informa cias privatizebis Sesaxeb sakuTari oficialuri beWdviTi organosa da sxva gazeTebis meSveobiT da aseve internetis veb- gverdze (www.privatization.ge). samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofis s istema samuSao Zalis bazari saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa da biznas garemos garkveulwilad gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, ramac rigi axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna ganapiroba, Sromis bazris mdgomareoba kvlavac metad arasaxarbielo da arastabiluri rCeba . maSin roca umuSevrobis maCveneblebi zogadad Seesabameba gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynisaTvis saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 9 mokle momixilva damaxasiaTebel maCveneblebs da TavisTavad, Sromis bazris tendenciebis Sesaxeb optimisturi daskvnebis safuZvelsac SeiZleba iZleodes, saerTo suraTs auaresebs mudmivi umuSevroba, farTod gavrcelebuli faruli da SeniRbuli umuSevroba da xelfasebis vardna minimalur saarsebo doneze bevrad dabla. Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis umetesoba arasrulad dasaqmebuli an umuSevaria. axali stabiluri samuSao adgilebi iSviaTad iqmneba. Sromis bazarze Warbobs soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebis wili, romelic mxolod da mxolod saarsebo minimums uzrunvelyofs. dasaqmebulTa didi nawili dakavebulia araoficialuri da araregistrirebuli saqmianobiT, romelic dabalanazRaurebadia da metwilad TviTdasaqmebas warmoadgens. Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis mxolod 20 procentamde iRebs xelfass, aqedan dasaqmebulTa didi nawili Zlivs irCens Tavs. Sromis bazris yvela zemoaRniSnuli xangrZlivi problema uaryofiTad moqmedebs SinameurneobaTa siRaribis doneze. socialuri politika da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema vinaidan saqarTvelos ekonomikis mniSvnelovani nawili araformalur seqtorze modis, mosaxleobis udides nawils, araformaluri seqtoris muSakTa, TviTdasaqmebulTa da umuSevarTa CaTvliT, iseve rogorc maTi ojaxis wevrebs, saerTod aranairi socialuri dacva ar gaaCniaT da daxmareba, romelsac socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema iTvaliswinebs, mxolod simboluria. saxelmwifo socialuri dacvis sistema Zireul restruqturizacias saWiroebs imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas ekonomikurad sicocxlisunariani, xelmisawvdomi da Tanabari socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs siRaribis warmatebiT daZlevas, da gansakuTrebiT, yvelaze gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis daxmarebas. araadeqvaturi sapensio daxmarebis pirobebSi, xandazmul asakSi myofi mosaxleobis siRaribis daZlevis problema metad mniSvnelovania. socialuri politika da reformebi mTavrobis mTavar prioritetebs Sorisaa. 2003 wlis aprilidan, TbilisSi pensionerebi damatebiT 3 lars iReben qalaqis biujetidan. 2004 wlis maisSi, sapensio gana kveTi 14-dan 18 laramde gaizarda qveynis masStabiT; aqedan 14 lari fiqsirebuli ganakveTis sapensio daxmarebis ZiriTadi nawilia da kidev 4 lari gaTvaliswinebulia wina periodSi dagrovebuli sapensio davalianebis dasafaravad. saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis 2004 wlis ianvri-ivnisis monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos vaWrobam evrokavSiris qveynebTan (25 qveyana) Seadgina 327,6 milioni aSS dolari, r ac 40,6 procentiT metia wina wlis Sesabamis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. saqarTvelos eqsportma evrokavSiris bazarze Seadgina 47,4 milioni dolari (wina wlis Sesabamisi periodis 144,9 procenti). evropulma importma saqarTveloSi Seadgina 280,2 milioni aSS dolari (139,9 procenti). saangariSo periodSi evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis wilad modis saqarTvelos sagareo savaWro brunvis 30,8 procenti, maT Soris eqsportis 15,9 procenti da importis 36,3 procenti. 10 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 Tavi meore. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp da ZiriTadi tendenciebi ssd- is winaswari SefasebiT, saqarTvelos mSp-m 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 4 506,2 milioni lari (2 251,9 milioni aSS dolari, daaxloebiT 496,2 aSS dolari erT sul mosaxleze gaangariSebiT). mSp- s zrdis tempi 9,4 procenti iyo 2003 wlis imave periodis 8,6 procentTan SedarebiT. ekonomikuri zrdis maRali donis SenarCuneba saqarTvelos ekonomikisaTvis Zalze pozitiuri tendenciaa. mSp- s yvelaze maRali done aRiniSneboda mrewvelobis, mSeneblobis, transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis seqtorebSi. amave dros unda aRiniSnos, rom warmoebis done ar izrdeboda saqarTvelos ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi da uaryofiTi zrdis tempi dafiqsirda soflis meurneobis sferoSi. ekonomikuri zrdis tempis daCqareba dakavSirebulia mrewvelobis, mSeneblobis da momsaxure bis seqtorebis gafarToebasTan. ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar mamoZravebel faqtors warmoadgenda “baqo-Tbilisi- jeihanis” navTobsadenis mSenebloba. aRniSnulma proeqtma dadebiTi gavlena iqonia mSeneblobisa da momsaxurebis seqtorebis ganviTarebaze. mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom proeqtma daasaqma didi odenobis muSaxeli, ramac Sesabamisad gazarda mosaxleobis Semosavali da moTxovna Sida bazarze. wina wlis msgavsad, moTxovna Sida bazarze eqsportis zrdasTan erTad (ixileT me - 5 Tavi), kvlav gvevlineba ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar faqtorad. cxrili 2.1 warmoadgens 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mSp-s struqturas da seqtorebis mixedviT zrdis tempis doneebs. cxrili 2.1: mSp-s dinamika da struqtura, 1 nax. 2004 weli 1 nax. 2004 soflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveoba 843,2 1 nax . 2004 w. 1 nax. 2003 w. Tan SedarebiT -11.1 mrewveloba 581.7 16.4 Sinameurneobebis mier produqtebis gadamuSaveba 154.1 -3.3 3.5 mSenebloba sastumroebi da restornebi 237.2 108.4 20.8 19.7 5.4 2.5 transporti 444.3 1.9 10.2 kavSirgabmuloba 182.9 37.7 4.2 finansuri Suamavloba seqtoris wili 1 nax. 2004 mSp-Si 19.3 13.3 65.7 8.9 1.5 operaciebi uZravi qonebiT, komerciuli saqmianoba 261.1 17.0 6.0 saxelmwifo marTva, Tavdacva 229.2 5.1 5.2 ganaTleba 160.5 1.6 3.7 jandacva da komunaluri momsaxureba sxva momsaxureba 160.7 158.9 8.2 25.5 3.7 3.6 Sesworeba finansuri Suamavlobis gamoyenebis mixedviT wminda gadasaxadebi -35.1 -10.0 -0.8 210.2 28.2 4.8 4,506.2 9,4 100.0 mSp wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 11 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi nax. 2.1. mSp-s struqtura, 1 nax. 2004 sxva momsaxureba, 3.6 Sesworeba finansuri Suamavlobis gamoyenebis mixedviT, -0.8 wminda gadasaxadebi, 4.8 soflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveoba, 19.3 jandacva da komunaluri momsaxureba, 3.7 ganaTleba, 3.7 saxelmwifo marTva, Tavdacva, 5.2 operaciebi uZravi qonebiT, komerciuli saqmianoba, 6 mrewveloba, 13.3 Sinameurneobebis mier produqtebis gadamuSaveba , 3.5 finansuri Suamavloba, 1.5 mSenebloba, 5.4 kavSirgabmuloba, 4.2 transporti, 10.2 sastumroebi da restornebi, 2.5 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti araformaluri ekonomika da aRuricxavi operaciebi kvlav rCeba ekonomikuri reformebisa da politikis erT-erT mTavar problemad. Tumca 2004 wlis pirvel naxevar Si adgili hqonda mdgomareobis odnav gaumjobesebas. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg Seqmnili politikuri garemo anu korufciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli politikuri neba aris is faqtori, ramac gamoiwvia Crdilovani ekonomikis wilis Semcireba. nax. 2.2-dan Cans, rom Crdilovani ekonomikis wili saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi garkveulwilad Semcirda. mosalodnelia, rom axali, ufro liberaluri sagadasaxado kodeqsis miRebis Semdeg, ekonomikis legalizaciis pozitiuri tendenciebi gagrZeldeba. 12 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi nax. 2.2. aRuricxavi ekonomikis wili mTlian warmoebaSi, 2000 – 1 nax. 2004 periodi (procentebiT) 120 100 80 60 66.4 67.4 68.2 70.4 33.6 32.6 31.8 29.6 2002 H1 2003 2003 H1 2004 40 20 0 aRuricxavi aRricxuli wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ekonomikis seqtorebi soflis meurneoba ssd–is winaswari monacemebis mixedviT sezonuri sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebi (sagazafxulo kulturebis saxnav-saTesi samuSaoebi) 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT nakleb warmatebiT Catarda. daTesil iqna 326,5 aTasi heqtari, rac naklebia wi na wlis amave periodSi daTesil 346,8 aTas heqtarTan SedarebiT. seqtorSi mimdinareobs struqturuli reformebi, rac momavalSi dadebiTad unda aisaxos seqtoris mier gamoSvebuli produqciis moculobaze. miwis reformis ganxorcielebis Sedegad am periodisaTvis saxnavi miwebis daaxloebiT 25 procenti privatizebulia da daaxloebiT 30 procenti ijariT aris gacemuli. parlamentSi gansaxilvelad mzad aris kanonproeqti “saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis privatizebis Sesaxeb” da mosalodnelia, rom axlo momavalSi parlamenti miiRebs aRniSnul kanonproeqts. am kanonproeqtis amoqmedeba da Sesabamisad sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTebis damatebiTi privatizeba axal inercias micems qveyanaSi agro-biznesis ganviTarebas. miuxedavad soflis meurneobis seqtorSi miRweuli garkveuli progresisa, kvlav gadauWreli rCeba seqtorSi arsebuli rigi problemebi. sofli s meurneobaSi arsebuli Sromis nayofiereba gacilebiT dabalia (daaxloebiT 4-jer) vidre ekonomikis sxva seqtorebSi; saojaxo meurneobebis umravlesoba aris Zalze mcire da damokidebulia xeliT Sromaze; dargSi gamoyenebuli teqnika aris moZvelebuli; miwis nayofiere ba klebulobs; saWiroa sarwyavi da sadrenaJo sistemebis ganaxleba. am problemaTa gadawyveta Seqmnis xelsayrel saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 pirobebs seqtorSi investiciebis 13 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mosazidad. nawilobriv am problemaTa gadawyvetas xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi miwis bazris ganviTareba, es ukanaskneli Seamcirebs seqtorSi investiciebis ganxorcielebis mimarTulebiT arsebul barierebs. seqtoris samomavlo ganviTarebisaTvis, arsebuli problemebis mogvarebasTan erTad, saSinao bazris dacva kontrabanduli da falsificirebuli saqonlisagan, unda iqces mTavrobis samoqmed o politikis erT-erTi mTavar mimarTulebad. mrewveloba 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, samrewvelo sawarmoebis mier procentiT. ssd - is monacemebze Seadgens 806,6 1 milion lars, ganawilda: gadamamuSvebeli wina wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT, gamoSvebuli aRricxuli produqcia gaizarda 16,5 dayrdnobiT, gamoSvebuli produqciis Rirebuleba rac mrewvel obis dargebis mixedviT Semdegnairad mrewveloba – 61,0 procenti, energetika da wyalmomarageba – 31,3 procenti, mompovebeli warmoeba – 7,7 procenti. samrewvelo seqtoris saerTo mdgomareoba kvlav didad aris damokidebuli mcire odenobis msxvil sawarmoTa saqmianobaze. 50 msxvil sawarmoze modis mTliani gamoSvebuli samrewvelo produqciis or mesamedze meti. mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis ganviTarebas xels uSlis araadeqvaturi kanonmdebloba d a farTod gavrcelebuli korufcia. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi wina wlebSi damkvidrebuli praqtikisagan gansxvavebiT, Semcirda kanonmdeblobaze zegavlenis moxdenis mizniT ukanono lobirebisa da konkurentuli garemos ukanonod SezRudvis praqtika. Tumca sagadasaxado kodeqsi mcire da did warmoebebs kvlav erTnair pirobebSi ayenebs, anu mcire sawarmoTaTvis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs ar iTvaliswinebs. aseT garemoebebSi mcire da saSualo bizness Zalze mcire Sansi aqvs ganviTarebisaTvis. sagulisxmo faqtia, rom saqarTveloSi mcire da saSualo zomis samrewvelo sawarmoebi produ qciis saerTo moculobis mxolod 16,7 procents awarmoeben, maSin rodesac es maCvenebeli ganviTarebuli qveyanebis umetesobaSi 50- 60 procents aRwevs. axali ufro liberaluri sagadasaxado kodeqsis miReba da amoqmedeba, romelic garkveul SeRavaTebs iTvaliswinebs mcire da saSualo biznesisaTvis, qveyanaSi samrewvelo seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebel xelSemwyob faqtorad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. mSenebloba bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mSeneblobis seqtoris ganviTarebas xels uwyobs kerZo binebze moTxovnis zrda. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mSeneblobis seqtoris zrdis tempi sakmaod maRali iyo da Seadgenda 20,8 procents. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mSeneblobis seqtoris mier Seqmnili mTliani produqciis Rirebuleba Sedagenda 296,1 milion lars. aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis didi wili modis “baqo--Tbilisi- jeihanis” navTobsadenisa da “Sahdenizis” gazsadenis mSeneblobebze. am mSeneblobaTa wili dargis mier Seqmnili 1 seqtorebis mier gamoSvebul produqciaTa Rirebulebis maCveneblebi gansxvavebulia cxril 2.1–Si (mSp -s dinamika da struqtura) moyvanili maCveneblebisgan, radganac mSp-s maCveneblebi iangariSeba seqtorSi Seqmnili produqciis damatebiT Rirebulebaze dayrdnobiT. 14 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi produqciis mTlian moculobaSi Seadgenda 69,3 procents. am periodisaTvis saqarTveloSi funqcionirebda 477 samSeneblo firma qveyanaSi mTlianad arsebuli 611 samSeneblo firmidan. mSeneblobis dargSi kerZo seqtorze modioda Seqmnili produqciis Rirebulebis 96 procenti. transporti da kavSirgabmuloba 2004 wlis pirvel naxevar Si satransporto seqtoris zrdis maCvenebeli Sead genda 1,9 procents. aRsaniSnavia, rom am periodSi dafiqsirda yvela saxis satransporto momsaxurebis (rkinigza, saavtomobilo, sahaero, iseve rogorc sazRvao da saqalaqo transportis) aqtiurobis zrda. saqarTvelos satransporto momsaxurebis ganviTarebaSi wvlili Seitana saerTaSoriso gadazidvebis moculobis zrdam. gadaziduli tvirTis moculoba gaizarda 2,6 procentiT, xolo tvirTbrunva 7,2 procentiT. gad aziduli tvirTis moculobaSi didi xvedriTi wvlili, daaxloebiT 58,4 procenti, modis saavtomobilo gadazidvebze, xolo tvirTbrunvaSi udidesi wili modis sarkinigzo gadazidvebze – daaxloebiT 90,0 procenti. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sahaero transportis mgzavrTa tvirTbrunva gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT gaizarda 56,2 procentiT. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi baTumisa da foTis portebis mier gadamuSavebul i iqna 9,1 milioni tona tvirTi, rac gasuli wlis maCvenebels 17,7 procentiT aRemeteba. mosalodnelia, rom TRACECA–s proeqtis Semdgomi ganviTareba gazrdis saqarTvelos satransporto sistemis datvirTvas. eraysa da avRaneTSi humanitaruli tvirTebis transportirebis aucilebloba aseve karg perspeqtivebs uqm nis saqarTvelos satransporto momsaxurebas. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi adgili hqonda qveyanaSi arsebuli saerTo satelefono qselebis zrdas. Cveulebrivi satelefono qselis abonentTa raodenoba m Seadgina 591,5 aTasi, r ac wina wlis Sesabamis periods 2,3 procentiT aRemateba. mobiluri satelefono momsaxurebis abonentTa raodenobam Seadgina 618,0 aTasi, rac wina wlis Sesabamis periods 33,7 procentiT aRemateba. turizmi ssd- is monacemebiT 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos estumra 168,0 aTasi turisti. Camosul turistTa Soris 96,6 aTasi iyo dsT-s moqalaqe, danarCeni 71,4 aTasi turisti - sazRvargareTis sxva qveynebis moqalaqeebi. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi qveyanaSi Semosul turistTa raodenoba gaizarda 28,4 aTasiT 2003 wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. ssd- is da turizmis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTo Sefasebidan gamomdinare, seqtoris Semosavalma aRniSnul periodSi Seadgina 355,3 milioni lari. es Tanxa Seadgens mSp- is daaxloebiT 7,9 procents. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 15 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi sagareo vali 2004 wlis 30 ivnisis aTvis, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo valma, saxelmwifos mier garantirebuli valis CaTvliT, Seadgina 1 821,6 milioni aSS dolari (3 497,4 milioni lari), r ac 2003 wlis mSp-s 46,1 procentia. 2003 wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT saqarTvelos vali aSS dolarebze gaangariSebiT gaizarda 17,2 milioniT, magram wina kvartlis bolosTan SedarebiT vali Semcirda 7,5 milioni aSS dolariT . qveynis sagareo valis Semcireba Zalze mniSvnelovani tendenciaa. es gamowveulia valis gadaxdiT ormxrivi kreditorebisaTvis, kerZod TurqeTis, uzbekeTisa d a ukrainisaTvis. amasTan, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo valis moculobis cvlilebaze zegavlena iqonia aSS dolaris gaufasurebam im valutebis (evro, iaponuri ieni, Seveicaruli franki, quveituri dinari) mimarT, romelSic gamosaxulia saqarTvelos sagareo valis mniSvnelovani nawili. am periodSi saqarTvelom gadaixada 90,4 milioni aSS dolari sagareo valis momsaxurebisTvis, maT Soris 69,5 milioni aSS dolari valis ZiriTadi nawilis da danarCeni procentisa da daricxuli jarimebis dasafaravad. valis gadaxdis SesaZleblobisa da misi gadaxdis mdgradobis ganxilvisas ZiriTadi mniSvneloba eniWeba mSp – isa da valis fardobas. aRsaniSnavia, rom es cifri 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Semcirda 2003 wlis pirvel kvartalSi arsebul monacemTan SedarebiT 46,6 procentidan 46,1 procentamde. 2004 wlis 21 ivliss parizis klubis wevr kreditor qveynebsa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris miRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba sagareo valis restruqturizaciis Sesaxeb. es SeTanxmeba SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod mas Semdeg, rac ssf -m moiwona saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programa, romlis mizania saqarTveloSi farTomasStabiani struqturuli reformebis ganxorcieleba. 2004 wlis 4 ivniss, ssf-is aRmasrulebelma sabWom daamtkica saqarTvelosTvis siRaribis daZlevis da ekonomikuri zrdis mimarTulebiT programis gansaxorcieleblad 144 milioni dolaris odenobiT kreditis gamoyofa. miuxedavad imisa, rom ssf-Tan aRdgenili TanamSromloba mniSvnelovani garemoeba aris saqarTvelos mier valis warmatebuli momsaxurebisaTvis, sagareo valis stabiluri da drouli momsa xureba SesaZlebeli gaxdeba, Tu (a) saqarTvelos mTavroba Tavs Seikavebs komerciuli pirobebiT kreditebis aRebisagan da dafinansebaSi met segments daikavebs daxmarebebi grantebis saxiT; (b) mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba sagadasaxado Semosavlebi; (g) ganxorcieldeba aucilebeli reformebi mSp–sa da eqxportis moculobis zrdisaTvis. 16 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi cxrili 2.2: sagareo vali, 1 kv. 2004 w. – 1 nax. 2004 w. (milioni aSS dolari) 1 kv. 2004 mTliani sagareo vali 1 nax. 2004 1 839,1 1 821,6 26,1 90,4 19,7 69,5 6,4 20,9 sagareo valis momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli gadasaxadebi maT Soris: ZiriTadi valis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebuli procentis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebuli SefardebiTi parametrebi, % 46,6 mTliani sagareo vali 46,1 procentulad mTlian Sida produqtTan wyaro: finansTa saministro sagadamxdelo balansi monacemebi 2004 wlis pirveli naxevris sagadamxdelo balansis Sesaxeb ar iyo xelmisawvdomi im periodisaTvis, rodesac sem–is mimdinare gamocema mzaddeboda. Sesabamisad, sem - is mimdinare gamocemaSi Cven gavaanalizebT sagadamxdelo balansis 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi arsebul tendenciebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul periodSi mimdinare angariSebis balansi gauaresd a, saerTo sagadamxdelo balansi gaumjobesda 2003 wl is Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. sagadamxdelo balansis gaumjobeseba umTavresad dakavSirebulia kapitalisa da safinanso angariSebis balansis zrdasTan. kapitalis angariSebi gaizarda 4,9 milioni dolaridan 5,9 milion dolaramde, xolo safinanso angariSebi 89,7 milioni dolaridan 99,8 milion dolaramde. mimdinare angariSebis balansis deficitis zrda ZiriTadad ganapiroba wminda eqsportis donis Semcirebam. gauaresebis tendenciaze aseve gavlena iqonia mTavrobisaTvis transferebisa da sazRvargareT momuSaveTagan gzavnilebebis Semcirebam. investiciebis zrdam dadebiTi gavlena iqonia safinanso angariSebis balansis gaumjobesebaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi saqarTveloSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi daaxl oebiT orjer gaizarda 200 3 wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. mosalodnelia, rom investiciebis mozidvis pozitiuri tendenciis gagrZelebas momavalSi aseve xels Seuwyobs “baqo -Tbilisijeihanis” navTobsadenis mSenebloba da qveyanaSi mimdinare institucionaluri reformebi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 17 erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi cxrili 2.3: saqarTvelos sagadamxdelo balansi 1 kv. 2003 – 1 kv. 2004 wlebi (milioni aSS dolari) 1kv. 2003 1 kv. 2004 -113,1 -119,7 a. mimdinare angariSi 104,7 165,5 saqoneli: eqsporti -235,7 -365,1 saqoneli: importi -130,9 -199,6 balansi 87,6 114,4 momsaxureba: krediti -94,9 -99,9 momsaxureba: debeti -138,2 saqonlisa da momsaxurebis balansi -185,1 31,4 46,6 Semosavali: krediti -34,5 -40,3 Semosavali: debeti saqonlis, momsaxurebisa da -141,3 -178,8 Semosavlis balansi 35,5 70,5 mimdinare transfertebi: krediti -7,3 -11,4 mimdinare transfertebi: debeti 4,9 5,9 b. kapitalis angariSi 6,9 6,9 kapitalis angariSi: krediti -2,0 -1,0 kapitalis angariSi: debeti -108,1 -113,8 sul, a plus b 89,7 99,8 g. finansuri angariSi 59,9 118,2 pirdapiri investiciebi -1,0 -1,0 saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi ucxoeTidan saqarTveloSi 60,9 119,2 -500 0 porTfeluri investiciebi -500 aqtivebi 0 0 valdebulebebi 0 30,3 sxva investiciebi 1,7 6,4 aqtivebi -18,2 23,9 valdebulebebi 19,9 -18,5 sul, a-dan g-mde -13,9 d. wminda Secdomebi da 9,4 gamotovebebi 13,9 -9,1 mTliani balansi (sul, a-dan d -mde) 0 9,1 e. sarezervo aqtivebis cvlileba 0 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti 18 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 Tavi mesame. saxelmwifo finansebi 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis kanonis Tanaxmad wlis pirveli naxevaris Semosavlebs 590 milioni larisTvis unda mieRwia, rac wliuri saprognozo maCveneblis 41 procentia. faqtiurma Semosavlebma, grantebis CaTvliT , 699.7 milioni lari (gegmis 119 procenti) Seadgina. faqtiurad miRebulma Tanxebma saprognozo maCvenebels 109 milioni lariT gadaaWarba. wina wlis aCvenebs STambeWdav 62 procentian zrdas saxelmwifo maCveneblebTan Sedareba biujetis SemosavlebSi. saxelmwifo biujetis faqtiuri xarjebi 735 m ilioni l a r i iyo , rac wina wlis Sesabamisi periodis xarjebs 44 procentiT aRemateba. xarjebis ZiriTadi elementebia socialuri uzrunvelyofa, valis momsaxureba da saxelmwifos marTva. saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti iTvaliswinebs 1,424.4 milion lars Semosavlebis nawilSi. wliuri gegmis 41 procenti wlis pirvel naxevarSi unda yofiliyo miRebuli. mTavrobis molodini srulad gamarTlda da saxelmwifom miiRo 699.7 milioni lari, rac 109 milioni lariT aRemateba dagegmil maCvenebels. zedmetad miRebuli Tanxebis naxevari mosalodnelze meti sagadasaxado SemosavlebiT aixsneba, xolo meore naxevari gansakuTrebiT maRali arasagadasaxado SemosavlebiT. saxelmwifo moyvanilia cxrilSi 3.1 biujetis Semosavlebis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi cxrili 3.1 saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi 2004 wlis pirveli naxevari (milioni lari) wlis pirveli naxevaris gegma sul Semosavlebi da grantebi sagadasaxado Semosavlebi arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi kapitaluri Semosavlebi specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis Semosavlebi wlis pirveli naxevaris faqtiuri Semosavali 590.4 699.7 504.2 557.9 66.3 122.6 4.7 2.2 154.8 189.8 gansxvaveba gegmis Sesruleba procenti zrdis tempi wina welTan SedarebiT wili mTlian Semosavle bSi procenti 109.3 119 162 100 53.7 111 143 80 56.3 185 358 18 -2.5 46 35.0 123 167 27 112 182 2 1.9 grantebi 15.2 17.0 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi finansTa saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 0 saxelmwifo biujetis mTliani Semosavlebis nominalurma zrdam 62 procenti Seadgina. es aCvenebs saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo finansebis marTvis realur gaumjobesebas, rac axali administraciis damsaxurebaa. saxelmwifo biujetis mTliani 699.7 milioni laris Semosavlebidan 80 procenti sagadasaxado Semosavlebia. sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gegma 111 procentiT Sesrulda. 122.6 milioni laris arasagadasaxado Semosavlebma mTliani Semosavlebis 18 procenti Seadgina – 17 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 19 saxelmwifo finansebi milioni laris grantebma ki 2 procenti. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi gegmasTan SedarebiT 85 procentiT maRali iyo da wina wlis maCveneblis 358 procenti Seadgina. rogorc Cans am sferoSi administraciulma zomebma yvelaze swrafi Sedegi gamoiRo. arasagadasaxado SemosavlebSi Sedis erovnuli bankis mogeba, saxelmwifo kreditebis dabruneba, sakuTrebidan da ekonomikuri saqmianobidan miRebuli Semosavlebi, administraciuli gadasaxdelebi da jarimebi. saxelmwifo specialuri fondebis Semosavlebma, romlebic ZiriTadad zemoT moyvanil sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi Sedis, mTliani Semosavlebis 27 procenti Seadgina. am maCvenebelis gegma 123 procentiT Sesrulda. cxrilSi 3.2 sagadasaxado cxrili 3.2 centraluri naxevari. Semosavlebi ufro detalurad moyvanilia biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 2004 wlis pirveli (milioni lari) wliuri gegma centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi saSemosavlo gadasaxadi mogebis gadasaxadi dRg adgilobrivi importi aqcizi adgilobrivi importi sabaJo gadasaxadi sxva gadasaxadebi wlis pirveli naxevaris gegma 353.8 14.4 6.9 227.6 110.3 117.3 63.7 21.1 42.6 30.6 10.5 wlis pirveli naxevaris faqtiuri Semosavali gegmis Sesruleba procenti zrdis tempi wina welTan SedarebiT wili mTlian SemosavlebSi procenti 105 135 100 114 164 104 101 106 105 102 106 108 90 182 185 121 99 152 184 202 177 125 267 4 3 63 30 33 18 6 12 9 3 372.9 16.4 11.3 235.8 111.9 124.0 66.9 21.6 45.2 33.0 9.5 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi finansTa saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT. centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi wina welTan SedarebiT 35 procentiT meti iyo, gegmaze ki 5 procentiT maRali. mogebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli 11..3 milioni lari gegmaze 64 procentiT maRali iyo, xolo fizikuri p irebis saSemosavlo gadasaxadis xaziT miRebuli 16.4 milioni lari saprognozo maCvenebels 14 procentiT aRemateboda. suraTi ufro STambeWdavi gaxdeba, Tu wina wlis monacemebs gaviTvaliswinebT. zrda orive gadasaxadis xaziT 80 procentze maRali iyo. mogebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi mniSvnelovnad izrdeboda 2002 wlidan, xolo saSemosavlo gadasaxadebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani zrda p irvelad dafiqsirda. rogorc Cans, es asaxavs biznes saqmianobisa da piradi Semosavlebis legalizaciis zogad suraTs. arapirdapiri gadasaxadebis mdgomareobac mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda. dRg-dan miRebuli Semosavlebis amoReba mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda wina welTan SedarebiT da zrdam 21 procenti Seadgina, aqcizis amoReba ki 84 procentiT gaizarda. dRg-s Semosavlebis zrda importirebul produqciaze 22 procent i iyo, xolo adgilobriv produqciaze dRg- s Semosavlebma 1 procentiT iklo. sul dRg-s xaziT 235.8 milioni lari Semovida, rac gegma s 4 procentiT aRemateba. mdgomareoba ukeTesia aqcizis 20 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi SemTxvevaSi. am muxlidan saxelmwifo biujetma 66.9 milioni lari miiRo da gegmas 4 procentiT gadaaWarba. rogorc importirebuli, aseve adgilobrivi produqciis aTvis aqcizis amoReba mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, Sesabamisad 77 da 102 procentiT. sabaJo gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi dagegmilze 8 procentiT maRali iyo da wina welTan SedarebiT 25 procentiT gaumjobesda. gadasaxadebis akrefis zogadi suraTi aseTia: TiTqmis yvela gadasaxadidan miRebuli Tanxebi 2003 welTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda; mogebis gadasaxadidan (85 procentiani zrda) da saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan (82 procentiani zrda) miRebuli Semosavlebis mkveTri zrda SesabamisobaSia Semosavlebis legalizaciis zogad suraTTan. importidan miRebuli gadasaxadebis a da aqcizis zrda sabaJo da sagadasaxado samsaxurebis administraciuli reformisa da korufciis donis Semcirebis Sedegia. jer-jerobiT ar aris naTeli, ratom ar izrdeba Semosavlebi adgilobrivi produqciis dRg-dan, magram SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom meti droa saWiro sagadasaxado kulturis Sesaqmnelad. axali administraciis mier Seqmnilma finansurma policiam eqvsi Tvis muSaobis Sedegebi Seajama. gamoZiebul iqna sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis darRvevis 288 SemTxveva. orasze met adamians wauyenes brali. sagadasaxado struqturebis 30 TanamSromeli daakaves. daaxloebiT 20 milioni laris aqtivebi daapatimres. administraciuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad wina wlebis sagadasaxado davalianebebi 47 m ilioni lariT Semcirda. Tumca wina wlebis davalianebebis saerTo moculoba mainc Zalian didia da 2.5 miliard lars aRemateba. am davalianebebis daaxloebiT 30- 35 procenti uimedo valebad iTvleba. davalianebebis yvelaze didi wili energetikis seqtorze modis. sagadasaxado davalianebebi ekonomikis seqtorebis mixedviT ixileT grafikze qvemoT. naxati 3.1 sagadasaxado davalianebebi ekonomikis seqtorebis mixedviT ivnisi 2004 sabiujeto organizaciebi 2.1 soflis meurneoba 11.3% mSenebloba 10.5% energetika 35.1% transporti da momsaxureba 17.3% mrewveloba 21.4% wyaro: finansTa saministro parlamentSi mimdinareobs finansTa saministros mier momzadebuli sagadasaxado kodeqsis proeqtis ganxilva. axali kodeqsis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia zogierTi mcireSemosavliani gadasaxadis gauqmeba da axali administraciuli nawili. kodeqsis administraciuli nawili ukeTesad gansazRvravs SesaZlo sagadasaxado darRvevebs a da jarimebs. saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 12 procentamde unda Semcirdes , saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 21 saxelmwifo finansebi xolo socialuri gadasaxadi 20 procentamde. Tumca dRevandel kodeqsSi arsebuli daubegravi minimumi axal kodeqsSi ga uqmebulia. amis gamo Semosavlebis dabegvris sistema ar iqneba progresuli da Sesabamisad, cvlilebebi ufro maRalSemosavliani fenebis interesebSi Sedis. sagadasaxado SeRavaTi dRg-s ganakveTi Semcirebulia 18 procentamde. mravali gauqmebulia, magram zogierTi axalia SemoRebuli. magaliTad ucxoeli turistebisaTvis momsaxurebis mTliani paketebis miyidva Tavisufldeba dRg_sgan, rac turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyobisTvis keTdeba. CanarTi 3.1 turizmi da dRg arsebobs mosazreba, rom turistebisTvis gaweuli momsaxureba srulad unda daibegros. Tumca sxvebi amtkiceben rom aseTi momsaxureba dRg-sgan ganTavisuflebuli unda iyos an nulovani ganakveTiT unda ibegrebodes. aseTi midgoma praqtikuladac xorcieldeba. sakiTxi xSirad ase dgas: turistebisTvis gaweuli momsaxureba aris (romelic eqvemdebareba Cveulebriv gadasaxads) radganac am servisebis moxmareba miwodeba adgilobrivad xdeba, Tu aris eqsporti (romelic nulovani ganakveTiT unda ibegrebodes) radganac Cveulebriv momxmarebeli ucxoelia. mTavari ekonomikuri sakiTxi Semdegi a. is rom turistebs SeuZliaT gaakeTon arCevani sxvadasxva qveynebis turistul momsaxurebas Soris gulisxmobs, rom am momsaxurebis moTxovnis elastiuroba maRalia. es miuTiTebs dabali gadasaxadis sasargeblod. es gansakuTrebiT naTelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu momsaxureba qveynebs Soris didad ar gansxvavdeba, magaliTad zRvis kurortebi. Tu turistuli obieqti unikaluria, igive mosazrebebma SeiZleba maRali gadasaxadis dawesebis saWiroebamde migviyvanos, romelic aqciziT an gamoyenebis gadasaxadiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. Tumca iseTi turistuli resursebic ki , romelTac analogi ar gaaCniaT , SeiZleba SesaZleblobebi SezRudulia. Canacvlebul iqnes da Sesabamisad Semosavlis miRebis Zlieri argumentebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom dawesdes dabali gadasaxadi saerTod turistuli momsaxurebisTvis, SesaZloa nulovani ganakveTic. meore midgomaa ganvasxvavoT adgilobrivi moTxovna da ufro elastiuri araadgilobrivi moTxovna. gadasaxadi SesaZloa daubrundeT ucxoelebs qveynis datovebisas (rogorc es kanadaSi xdeba sastumros gadasaxadisaTvis). es TavisTavad dakavSirebulia administraciul siZneleebTan. unikaluri turistuli resursebi unda daeqvemdebaros specialur gadasaxads maTi gamoyenebisTvis, rac ra Tqma unda, ukeTesad iqneba morgebuli am resursebisaTvis da daicavs maT gadatvirTvisagan. aseve arsebobs argumentebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba turistuli momsaxurebis dabali ganakveTiT dabegvras. pirveli aris is, rom ramodenime ganakveTis arseboba arTulebs administrirebas da qmnis gadasaxadisagan Tavis aridebis SesaZleblobebs. meore ukavSirdeba koordinaciis problemas. erTi qveynis momsaxurebaze moTxovnis elastiuroba SesaZloa bevrad maRali iyos, vidre koleqtiurad SeTavazebul momsaxurebaze. magaliTad erTi saTamaSo parkis momsaxureba ar aris unikaluri, magram saerTod saTamaSo parkebis momsaxureba unikaluria. Sesabamisad Tu yvela qveyana SeTanxmdeba, rom saTamaSo parkebze maRali gadasaxadi daaweso n, maSin yvela miiRebs Semosavals. es argumenti regionalur koordinaciaze miuTiTebs. mesame: radganac aseTi momsaxurebis momxmareblebi ZiriTadad ucxoelebi arian , romlebzec politikosebi naklebad zrunaven vidre sakuTar moqalaqeebze, socialuri danakargi mimzidvelia. gadasaxadebis awevisgan naklebia: ucxoelebis d abegvra yovelTvis wyaro: The Modern VAT; IMF; ISBN 1-58906-026-1 22 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebma 735.6 milioni lari Seadgina. es maCvenebeli 44 procentiT aRemateba 2003 wlis Sesabamisi periodis saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebs. saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionaluri dayofiT mocemulia cxrilSi 3.3 cxrili 3.3 saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionaluri klasifikaciiT, 2004 wlis pirveli naxevari (milioni lari) xarjebi 2004 w. eqvsi Tve procenti mTlian xarjebSi xarjebi 2003 w. eqvsi Tve procenti mTlian xarjebSi wliuri zrda saxelmwifos marTva 143.1 19 96.1 19 149 Tavdacva 46.7 6 23.6 5 198 kanoniereba da wesrigi 80.0 11 37.7 7 212 25.2 3 19.2 4 131 ganaTleba jandacva 6.4 1 3.0 1 212 204.6 28 130.1 25 157 2.6 0 1.8 0 149 kultura sporti religia 14.4 2 11.7 2 123 energetika 2.9 0 27.2 5 11 soflis meurneoba 9.4 1 7.2 1 131 mSenebloba da wiaRiseulis mopoveba transporti da kavSirgabmuloba 0.3 0 0.2 0 148 24.3 3 22.3 4 109 1.4 0 1.0 0 135 174.4 24 130.8 26 133 sul 735.685 100 512.0 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi finansTa saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 100 144 socuzrunvelyofa sabinao meurneoba sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba sxva xarjebi saxelmwifos xarjebis yvelaze didi moculoba iyo socialur uzrunvelyofaze. am muxlSi wliuri zrda iyo 57 procenti. socuzrunvelyofis orive ZiriTadi komponenti 50 procentze metiT gaizarda. Sesyidul iqna 147 milioni laris Rirebulebis saqoneli da momsaxureba , rac wina wlis Sesabamis xarjebs 59 procentiT aRemateba, xolo xarjebi subsidiebsa da mimdinare transfertebze 53 procentiT Semcirda da 57 milioni lari Seadgina. xarjebis meore udidesi kategoria iyo sxva xarjebis muxliT , ramac mTliani xarjebis 24 procenti Seadgina. am kategoriaSi daixarja 147 milioni lari. wliurma zrdam 33 procenti Seadgina rac saSualo wliur zrdaze naklebia. am muxlis xarjebSi Sedis saxelmwifo valze procentebis gadaxda – 77 milioni lari; subsidiebi da mimdinare transfertebi adgilobrivi biujetebisaTvis – 56 milioni lari da saxelmwifo valis ZiriTadi Tanxis dafarva - 41 milioni lari. saxelmwifos marTvaze gaweulma xarjebma mTliani xarjebis 19 procenti Seadgina. es muxli aerTianebs saxelmwifo struqturebis mimdinare xarjebs (ZiriTadad Sromis anazRaureba da saqonlisa saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 da momsaxurebis SeZena), da 23 saxelmwifo finansebi saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciebis dafinansebul proeqtebs . aq wliuri zrda 49 procenti iyo; kanonierebisa da wesrigis muxl iT daxarjuli Tanxebi biujetis xarjebis 11 procentamde gaizarda 2003 wlis imave periodSi dafiqsirebul 7 procentTan SedarebiT. es dakavSirebulia samarTaldamcav struqturebSi mimdinare reformasTan da policiisaTvis axali aRWurvilobis SeZenasTan. am muxliT daxarjuli 80 milioni lari 2003 wlis Sesabamisi xarjebis 212 procentia. xarjebi sxva funqcionalur kategoriebSi mTliani xarjebis 10 procents ar aRemateboda. yvelaze maRali zrda aRiniSneboda janmrTelobis dacvisa da Tavdacvis dafinansebaSi, Sesabamisad 112 da 98 procenti. wlis darCenil nawilSi gaweuli xarjebi ufro naTels gaxdis mTavrobis xarjviT prioritetebs. saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri klasifikaciiT moyvanilia cxrilSi 3.4 cxrili 3.4 saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri klasifikaciiT (milioni lari) xarjebi 2004 w. eqvsi Tve sul xarjebi procenti mTlian xarjebSi xarjebi 2003 w. eqvsi Tve procenti mTlian xarjebSi wliuri zrda 735.7 100 512.0 100 144 75.7 10 49.6 10 153 11.9 2 2.9 1 403 4.0 1 12.9 3 31 234.3 32 138.5 27 169 77.0 10 82.2 16 94 213.8 29 120.8 24 177 34.0 5 23.1 5 147 85.0 11.6 81.9 wyaro: sem-is gamoTvlebi finansTa saministros monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 16 104 Sromis anazRaureba mivlinebebi socialuri Senatanebi sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba procentebis gadaxada subsidiebi da mimdinare transfertebi kapitaluri xarjebi wminda dakrediteba sxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenaze daixarja 234 milioni lari, rac mniSvnelovnad aRemateba 2003 wlis eqvs TveSi daxarjul 138 milion laris. am Tanxis ori mesamedi daixarja socialuri uzrunvelyofis miznebisTvis. am kategoriaSi wliuri 69 procentiani zrda mniSvnelovnad aRemateba biujetis xarjebis saSualo wliur zrdas. saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis 29 procenti subsidiebsa da mimdinare transfertebze modis. am muxliT 213 milioni lari daixarja da wina welTan SedarebiT xarjebi 77 procentiT gaizarda. transfertebi ZiriTadad socialuri xasiaTisaa adgilobrivi biujetebisaTvis da saxelmwifo fondebis aTvis. Tumca mniSvnelovani Tanxebi daixarja marTvaze, ganaTlebaze da wesrigis uzrunvelyofaze. specialuri saxelmwifo saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis 12 procenti wminda dakreditebis kategoriam Seadgina. daxarjuli 85 milioni lari wina wlis Sesabamis maCvenebels 4 procentiT aRemateba. aqedan 44 milioni lari saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis dafinansebul programebs moxmarda. gadaxdaze 41 milioni lari daixarja. xolo saxelmwifo valis ZiriTadi Tanxis 24 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saxelmwifo finansebi procentebis gadaxdaze 77 milioni lari daixarja, rac saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis 10 procentia. 2003 wlis pirvel naxevarSi procentebis gadaxdaze mTliani xarjebis 16 procenti daixarja. wlevandeli maCvenebeli 6 procentiT naklebia 2003 wlis maCvenebelze. q arTuli saprocento gadasaxdelebi. valutis gamyarebam nawilobriv ganapiroba naklebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom procentebis gadaxda, rogorc wesi, Tanabrad ar xdeba wlis ganmavlobaSi. saxelmwifos mier daqiravebulTa xelfasebze 76 milioni lari daixarja, rac 53 procentiT aRemateba wina wlis maCvenebels. Tumca saxelmwifos, rogorc damqiraveblis, socialuri Senatanebi wlis ganmavlobaSi 300 procentiT gaizarda. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 25 Tavi meoTxe. fuli da finansebi sagadasaxado administrirebis gaumjobe sebisaken mimarTuli mTavrobis RonisZiebebis Sedegad 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi qveyanaSi Crdilovani ekonomikis nawilis legalizacia da sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrda moxda. gadasaxadebis zrdam da ucxouri valutis Semodinebam qveyanaSi da misma Semdgomma konverc iam erovnul valuta ze moTxovna gazardes. amis Sedegad bankebis gareT arsebuli fuladi masis nawili sabanko arxebSi moxvda, ris gamoc komerciuli bankebis sadepozito valdebulebebi, seb-Si sakorespondento angariSebze da mTavrobis angariSebze Tanxebi gaizarda. amave dros komerciuli bankebis sakredito saqmianoba Semcirda, Tumca Tavisufal saxsrebs bankebi saxazino valdebulebebSi (sv) aTavsebdnen, ramac sv-is saprocento ganakveTebi Seamcira. amave dros gazrdili miwodeba bazarze garkveul zewolas axdenda. ucxouri valutis larze gazrdilma moTxovnam laris nominaluri kursis gamyareba gamoiwvia da Sesabamisad am faqtorma qarTuli nawarmi ufro Zviri da naklebad konkurentunariani gaxada. aseve Semcirda mosaxleobis im nawilis realuri Semosavali, romelic Semosavlebs ucxoeTidan fuladi transfertebis saxiT iRebda. aseve laris nominalurma gamyarebam Crdilovani ekonomikis nawilis lagalizaciiT gamowveuli samomxmareblo fasebis zrda garkveulwilad gaaneitrala. fulad -sakredito instrumentebi 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sv- is saprocento ganakveTebis Semcireba ori faqtoriT iyo ganpirobebuli: dabali sainvesticio riskiT da sabanko investorebis didi monawileobiT pirvelad bazarze. sagadasaxado disciplinis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTulma RonisZiebebma, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis siRaribis daZlevis da ekonomikuri zrdis programis gagrZelebam da mTavrobis mzadyofnam ganaxorcielos reformebi ekonomikaSi Seamcires sainvesticio riski sv-Si, ramac saxazino valdebulebebze saprocento ganakveTebi Seamcira. Tu 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi sv-is saSualo Sewonili saprocen to ganakveTi 26.1 procenti iyo, meore kvartalSi 21.7 procentamde Semcirda. 2004 wlis pirveli naxevris saSualo Sewonilma saprocento ganakveTma 24.1 procenti Seadgina, rac bevrad naklebi iyo vidre 2003 wlis pirvel naxevarSi (40.5 procenti). 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gaizarda sv-is saSualo vadianoba da 294 dRe Seadgina, maSin rodesac erTi wlis win saSualo vadianoba 131 dRe iyo. 2004 wlis pirveli ivlisis mdgomareobiT 92.5 milioni laris sv iyo mimoqcevaSi. sabanko investorebis wili pirvelad da meorad bazarze 50 da 75 procents Seadgenda, da monawile bankebis raodenoba 10- 12 iyo, rac miuTiTebs am bankebSi Tavisufali saxsrebis koncentrirebaze. bankebis aqtiurobiT aseve aixsneba SedarebiT dabali saprocento ganakveTebi. biujetis wminda dafinansebam 2004 wlis 1 ivlisisaTvis 19.7 milioni lari Seadgina, Tumca savaraudoa sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrdis fonze emisiebis Semcireba. 2004 wlis dasawyisidan sakredito auqcionebis meqanizmi aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda fuladi saxsrebis marTvisaTvis rogorc seb- is, aseve komerciuli bankebis mier. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi brunvam 53.2 milioni lari Seadgina, maSin rodesac mTeli 2003 wlis ganmavlobaSi sul 55 milioni laris sakredito resursi gaiyida. 26 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi sagadasaxado disciplinis gaumjobesebisa da larze gazrdili moTxovnis pirobebSi laris kursis mkveTri meryeobis Tavidan asacileblad seb -ma ganaxorciela sakredito resursebis gayidva sakredito auqcionebis meSveobiT. amis Sedegad 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi seb- is wilma mTlian vaWrobaSi 52 procenti Seadgina. seb -ma 27.5 milioni lari gayida saSualo Sewonili 16 procentiT. bankebis mxridan maRali moTxovna 7-dRian resursebze dafiq sirda. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi likvidu robis marTvis mizniT komerciuli bankebi seb-Si ganTavsebul erTdRian depozitebs iyenebdnenen. seb- i ki am instrumentis meSveobiT fulis masis mimoqcevidan amoRebas axorcielebda. 1 ivlis is mdgomareobiT erTdRiani depozitebis meSveobiT mimoqcevidan amoRebul iqna 6 milioni lari, xolo saprocento ganakveTi 2 procents Seadgenda. fulis miwodeba nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2001 w. dekemberi – 2004 w. ivnisi 1,400,000 depozitebi ucxour valutaSi depozitebi erovnul valutaSi 1,200,000 M3 erovnuli valuta bankebis gareT aTasi lari 1,000,000 800,000 M2 600,000 M0 400,000 200,000 0 dek01 Teb apr ivn agv oqt dek02 Teb apr ivn agv oqt dek03 Teb apr ivn wyaro: GEPLAC-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi larze gazrdili moTxovnis dasakmayofileblad sebma 160.1 milio ni laris intervenciebi moaxdina. inflaciuri zewolis Tavidan asacileblad gamoyenebuli iqna moklevadiani sakredito auqcionebi. mimoqcevaSi gamoSvebulma fulma mxolod nawilobrivi efeqti moaxdina fulis masaze, vinaidan M1 sarezervo fuli 76 milioniT gaizarda, saidanac mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fuli 31 milioniT, xolo seb-Si bankebis sakorespondento angariSebi 45 milioniT gaizarda. sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdis Sedegad mTavrobis depozitebi 74.9 milioni lariT gaizarda1. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi bankebis mier Tbsb-ze SeZenilma erovnulma valutam da sabiujeto saxsrebis im nawilma, romelic komerciuli bankebis angariSebze akumulirdeboda, seb-Si bankebis sakorespondento angariSebi mniSvnelovnad gazarda. 2004 wlis pirveli naxevris sabiujeto Semosavlebis nazardma jamma 699.7 milioni lari Seadgina, saidanac 557.9 milioni sagadasaxado Semosavlebi iyo. 1 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 27 fuli da finansebi (ix. cxrili A4.1). garda amisa 2003 wlis ivlisSi seb-ma savaldebulo rezervebi 14 procentidan 13 procentamde Seamcira, 2003 wlis seqtemberSi ki seb-ma ucxour da erovnul valutaSi moziduli saxsrebis savaldebulo rezervebis diversifikacia moaxdina da larebSi moziduli saxserebis savaldebulo rezervebi 9 procentamde Seamcira, xolo ucxour valutaSi moziduli saxsrebis savaldebulo rezervebi – 11 procentamde. larze maRali moTxovnis pirobebSi adre darezervebuli fulis masis garkveulma nawilma gadainacvla bankebis sakorespondento angariSebze , ris Sedegadac misi mimoqcevaSi gaSvebis SesaZlebloba gaCnda. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi bankebis sadepozito valdebulebebi erovnul valutaSi ufro swrafad (47.9 procentiT) gaizarda, vidre ucxour valutaSi (10.6 procentiT). Crdilovani ekonomi kis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad bankebis gareT arsebuli fulis masis nawili sabanko arxebSi dabrunda. qvemoT moyvanili cxrili gviCvenebs mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis (bankebis sacavebSi arsebulis garda) M0-s Sefardebas larebSi denominirebul depozitebTan. es koeficienti sagrZnoblad Semcirda 200 3 wlis dekembris Semdeg. amave dros depozitebis dolarizaciis koeficienti kvlav maRali darCa, Tumca is 2003 wlis dekembridan 2004 wlis invisis bolosaTvis 86-dan 83 procentamde Semcirda. cxrili 4.1: monetaruli koeficientebi 2003 2004 dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn dolarizaciis koeficienti 86.13 85.52 81.82 83.17 83.61 83.55 82.27 fulis multiplikatori (M2) fulis multiplikatori (M3) 0.91 1.83 0.92 1.94 0.94 1.89 0.92 1.88 0.95 1.92 0.92 1.91 0.91 1.81 M0/ depozitebi larebSi 5.14 4.31 3.50 3.73 3.97 3.72 3.68 wyaro: GEPLAC-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. sabanko seqtori SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom zogierTma importiorma Tavisi reaqcia antikorufciul RonisZebebze importis SezRudviT gamoxata, rac bankebis sakredito saqmianobis SemcirebaSic aisaxa. tradiciulad bankebi sesxebis udidess nawils ucxour valutaSi gascemen. 2004 wlis ivnisis bolos mdgomareobiT bankebis mier kerZo seqtoris dakreditebis 89 procenti ucxour valutaSi sruldeboda. laris nominaluri kursis gamyarebis pirobebSi bankebi ufro frTxilad gascemdnen sesxebs, vinaidan gaizarda sakurso zaralis riski. (ucxour valutaSi dabrunebuli sesxebi larebSi gadayvanisas ufro naklebi iqneboda, vidre es igegmeboda sesxis gacemis dros). cxrili A4.2 gviCvenebs sesxebis moculobebs, romlebic gacemulia komerciuli bankebis mier fizikur da iuridiul pirebze da agreTve ucxour valutaSi (moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi). ivnisis bolosaTvis bankebis mier gacemuli kreditebi 746.4 milion lars Seadgenda (vadagadacilebul sesxebTan erTad), rac 2003 wlis dekemberTan SedarebiT 17.6 milioniT naklebi iyo, aqedan erovnul valutaSi gacemuli sesxebi mxolod 88.1 milion lars Seadgenda. 28 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi 2003 wlis dekembridan bankebis sadepozito valdebulebebi 97.7 milioni lariT gaizarda. larebSi denominirebuli depozitebi 41.1 milioni lariT gaizarda, r a c 2003 wlis dekemberTan SedarebiT 47.9 procents Seadgenda. depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 56.5 milioniT gaizarda, anu mxolod 10.6 procentiT. gazrdili depozitebi ZiriTadad vaWrobis, momsaxurebisa da energetikis seqtorebidan Semosul Tanxebs warmoadgendnen. qvemoT moyvanili cxrili gviCvenebs depozitebis struqturas 2003 wlis dekembrisa da 2004 wlis ivnisis mdgomareobiT. eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi iuridiuli pirebis depozitebi 11 procentidan 14 procentamde gaizarda. cxrili 4.2: komerciuli bankebis depozitebis struqtura dek-03 % ivn-04 % iuridiuli pirebis depozitebi larebSi fizikuri pirebis depozitebi larebSi iuridiuli pirebis depozitebi ucxour valutaSi fizikuri pirebis depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 70,162 15,701 175,712 357,277 11 3 28 58 102,668 24,351 196,026 393,540 14 3 27 55 sul 618,852 100 716,585 100 wyaro: GEPLAC-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT. Sida inflacia cxrili 4.3: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi da inflacia (2002 wlis dekemberi=100) fasebis indeqsi inflacia (wina TvesTan SedarebiT) % 2003 ian Teb 102.10 2.1 101.59 -0.5 mar 101.59 0.0 apr 102.10 0.5 mai 102.30 0.2 ivn 102.40 0.1 ivl 101.48 -0.9 agv 101.38 -0.1 seq 101.89 0.5 oqt 101.89 0.0 noe 106.78 4.8 dek 106.99 0.2 2004 ian 107.42 0.4 Teb 107.85 0.4 mar 107.96 0.1 apr 107.74 -0.2 mai 107.78 0.04 ivn 106.06 -1.6 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti da GEPLAC-is gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 29 fuli da finansebi 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gatarda sagadasaxado disciplinis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi. gadasaxadebis legalizaciis Sedegad unda gazrdiliyo fasebi, magram laris nominalurma gamyarebam SeaCera importuli saqonlis fasebis zrda. amis Sedegad 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi samomxmareblo fasebi umniSvnelovnod gaizarda da mas Tan daerTo zogierTi saqonlis fasis sezonuri kleba, rac eqvsi Tvis saSualo 0.13 procentiani deflaciiT gamoixata. saqarTvelos Sida savaluto bazari. sagadasaxado sferoSi momxdarma movlenebma ganapirobes Sida savaluto bazris ganviTareba 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. am perio dSi gatarda RonisZiebebi, romlebic korufciasTan brZolisaken da sagadasaxado disciplinis gaumjobesebisaken iyo mimarTuli. ucxouri valuta Semovida baqo -Tbilisi -jeixanis navTobsadenis mSeneblobis xaziT da konvertacias eqvemdebareboda. amis Sedegad Sida savaluto bazarze mkveTrad gaizarda moTxovna larze da Semcirda moTxovna ucxour valutebze. bazarze maRali zewola Tbsb-ze komerciuli bankebis mier miwodebuli ucxouri valutiT gamoixata. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi bankebma Tbsb-ze 130.7 milioni aSS dolari gayides, rac 2003 wlis mTeli wlis Sesrulebul gayidvebze (101.2 milioni aSS dolari) maRali iyo. ucxouri valutis maRalma miwodebam ganapiroba laris nominaluri kursis aweva. SeiZleba iTqvas rom laris kursis gamyarebis molodinis roli ufro susti iyo da larisa da dolaris axali sakurso Sefardeba SemdgomSi damokidebuli iqneba ekonomikis gajansaRebisaken mimarTul RonisZiebebis Sedegebze . qvemoT moyvanili naxati gviCvenebs laris Sefardebas aSS dolarisa da evros mimarT. nax. 4.2: aSS dolari/laris da evro/laris gacvlis nominaluri kursi, 2003 wlis invisi - 2004 w. ivnisi 2.8000 2.7000 USD/GEL 2.6000 EUR/GEL 2.5000 2.4000 2.3000 2.2000 2.1000 2.0000 1.9000 03 .06 .03 14. 06 .03 27 .06 .03 10 .07 .0 23 3 .07 .03 05 .08 .03 16 .08 .0 30 3 .08 .03 12 .09 .0 25 3 .09 .03 08 .10 .03 22 .10. 03 04 ,11 ,03 15, 11, 03 28 ,11 ,03 11, 12 ,0 24 3 ,12 ,03 10 ,01 ,0 24 4 ,01 ,04 06 ,02 ,04 19, 02 ,04 03 ,03 ,04 18, 03 ,04 31, 03 ,04 15, 04 ,0 28 4 ,04 ,04 11/ 05 /04 25 /05 /04 08 /06 /04 19 /06 /04 1.8000 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki bazarze arsebuli didi sagrZnoblad gamyarda. eqvsi Tvis moTxovnis Sedegad laris nominaluri kursi ganmavlobaSi seb - ma 82.2 milioni dolari (160.1 milioni lari) SeiZi na. 18 maisis Semdeg seb-is intervenciam Tbsb -ze 44.6 milioni aSS 30 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 fuli da finansebi dolari Seadgina da amis Sedegad lari/aSS dolaris oficialuri gacvliTi kursi 1.92 niSnulze SeinarCuna. laris nominaluri kursi aSS dolaris mimarT 9.4 procentiT gaizarda 2003 wlis dekemberTan SedarebiT, xolo evros mimarT – 14.5 procentiT. am periodSi samomxmareblo fasebi ufro swrafad aSS -Si da evrozonaSi izrdeboda ( 3 da 2 procentiT) vidre saqarTveloSi. aman gamoiwvia laris realuri kursis dakleba aSS dolaris mimarT 6.4 procentiT da evros mimarT 9.1 procentiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom laris realuri kursis dakleba qarTuli eqsportis gaZvirebas iwvevs da mas naklebad konkurentunarians xdis. Tumca laris nominaluri gamyarebis ufro arapopularuli Sedegi aris is, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis Semosavlis did nawils ucxoeTidan gamogzavnili Tanxebi qmnian. amitom laris gamyareba gamoiwvevs mosaxleobis Semosavlebis realur gaufasurebas da Sedegad moxmarebis Semcirebasac. qvemoT moyvanili CanarTi warmoadgens evropis centraluri bankis mier gakeTebul evrozonis ekonomikis mokle mimoxilvas 2004 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT. evrozonis ekonomikis aRmavlobis fonze evropis centralurma bankma miiRo gadawyvetileba 2004 wlis ivnisSi ucvlelad SeenarCunebina refinansirebis saprocento ganakveTi. magram sxva qveynebis ba nkebi sapirispiro tendencias amJRavneben, amitom saprocento ganakveTis daweva SeiZleba aRar iyos aqtualuri. (magaliTad inglisis centralurma bankma 2003 wlis noembridan 5 jer gazarda saprocento ganakveTi). aqve xazgasmulia evrozonaSi Sromis nayofierebis Semcirebis sakiTxi. CanarTi 4.1 evrozonis ekonomikis uaxloesi periodis mimoxilva. 2004 wlis pirveli ivlisisaTvis evropis centraluri bankis (ecb) mmarTvelobiTi sabWos gadawyvetilebiT refinansirebis saprocento ganakveTi ucvleli darCa. bolo periodSi fasebis SedarebiTi stabiluroba SesaZleblobas iZleva da ekonomikis dakreditebas uwyobs xels. realuri mSp 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 0.6 procenti amis iyo da arsebuli monacemebiT meore kvartalSi ekonomikuri zrda grZeldeboda. savaraudoa, rom ekonomikur zrdaze garkveulma xelSemSlelma faqtorebmac imoqmedon. mSp- s zrda pirvel kvartalSi moklevadian periodSi dadebiT efeqts iqoniebs evrozonis e konomikaze. aseve dadebiTad imoqmedebs msoflio ekonomikis gajansaReba, Tumca navTobze fasebis zrdis globaluri tendencia uaryofiT zegavlenas iqoniebs aramarto evrozonis qveynebze, aramed mTel msoflio ekonomikaze. Tumca navTobis fasebma ukve gamoiwvies evrozonaSi harmonizirebuli samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsis zrda 2.5 procentiT maisSi da 2.4 procentiT ivnisSi. bolo ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi navTobze fase bis daklebis miuxedavad inflaciis koeficientis 2 procentis farglebSi SenarCunebas varaudoben. M3-s zrdis tempi Semcirda vinaidan danazogebi ufro metad ganTavsebuli iyo sxvadasxva grZelvadian aqtivebSi, vidre depozitebSi. Tumca evrozonaSi arsebuli saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 31 fuli da finansebi fulis masis done kvlav imaze maRalia, vidre arainflaciuri zrdisaTvisaa saWiro, rac saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi fasebis stabilurobisaTvis garkveul risks qmnis. evropis gamoxatavs centraluri evr ozonaSi bankis Sromis (ecb) nayofierebis mmarTvelobiTi Semcirebis sabWo gamo SeSfoTebas 90-ani wlebis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. Sromis bazari ver Seesabameba Tanamedrove moTxovnebs. axali komunikaciebisa da teqnologiebis pirobebSi aucilebelia struqturuli cvlilebebi, kerZod aucilebelia momsaxurebis seqtorSi konkurenciis stimulireba, sawarmoo seqtorSi ki axali teqnologiebis danergva. aseve aucilebelia ganaTlebis sistemis daxvewa, raTa samuSao Zala Sromis bazris moTxovnilebebs Seesabamebodes. sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT evrozonaSi samuSao Zalis miwodeba da misi gamoyeneba dabalia. Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis nawili, romelic warmodgenilia Sromis bazarze, SedarebiT mcirea, maT Soris bevri umuSevaria, xolo dasaqmebulTa nawilis wliurad gamomuSavebuli saaTebi ufro naklebia, vidre sxva qveynebSi. amitom saWiroa dasaqmebis seqtorSi iseTi ekonomikuri politikis gatareba, romelic ufro optimalurs gaxdis samuSao Zalis miwodebas da mis gamoyenebas. Sromis nayofierebis asamaRleblad aseve saWiroa xandazmuli mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, r aTa dRevandelma dasaqmebulebma sapensio asakSi ufro meti socialuri garantiebi miiRon. wyaro: evropis centraluri bankis prezidentis Jan-klod triSes moxseneba. 2004 wlis 1 ivlisi 32 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 Tavi mexuTe. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi registrirebuli eqsporti wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT gaizarda 66 procentiT, maSin rodesac importi gaizarda 57 procentiT. v aWrobis aseTi mniSvnelovani zrda ganpirobebuli iyo saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gatarebuli antikorufciuli RonisZiebebiT , ramac gamoiwvia aralegaluri vaWrobis wilis Semcireba. mniSvnelovania agreTve is faqti, rom baqoTbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis mSeneblobis aqtiuri fazis pirobebSi gaizarda Sesabamisi saqonlis importi. amasTan erTad, 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi dafiqsirda mSp-s 9.4 procentiani zrda, rac xelSemwyobi faqtoria vaWrobis ganviTarebisTvis. qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti gaizarda da procenti, maSin rodesac 2003 wlis pirvel naxevarSi aRniSnuli daaxloebiT 36 procents Seadgenda. 2004 SeRavaTiani wlis ivlisSi, savaWro reJimi evrokomisiam (GSP-is miiRo sqema) misi gadawyvetileba gamartivebis Seadgina 39 koeficienti gaaumjobesos mimarTulebebiT. evrokomisia, gasuli wlebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, gvTavazobs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs 2006-2015 GSP-s sqemis SemuSavebisaTvis. saqarTvelosTvis, romelic evrokavSiris GSP-iT mosargeble qveyanaa, mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli gamartivebuli, grZelvadiani sqemis arseboba. savaWro brunva, savaWro balansi da vaWrobis mimarTulebebi 2004 welis pirvel naxevarSi registrirebulma savaWro brunvam Seadgina 1 063 milioni aSS dolari, saidanac eqsporti iyo 298 milioni aSS dolari, importi ki – 765 milioni. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi registrirebuli eqsporti gaizarda 66 procentiT, wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT, maSin rodesac importi gaizarda 57 procentiT. vaWrobis aseTi mniSvnelovani zrda ganpirobebuli iyo saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gatarebuli antikorufciuli RonisZiebebiT, ramac gamoiwvia aralegaluri vaWrobis wilis Semcireba. mniSvnelovania agreTve is faqti, rom baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenis mSeneblobis aqtiuri fazis pirobebSi gaizarda Sesabamisi saqonlis importi. amasTan erTad 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi dafiqsirda mSp-s 9.4 procentiani zrda, rac xelSemwyobi faqtoria vaWrobis ganviTarebisTvis. qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti gaizarda da Seadgina 39 procenti, maSin rodesac 2003 wlis koeficienti daaxloebiT 36 procents Seadgenda. pirvel naxevarSi aRniSnuli aTi ZiriTadi savaWro partnioris wilma registrirebul vaWrobaSi Seadgina 73.4 procenti. rogorc naCvenebia 5.1 cxrilSi, saangariSo periodSi saqarTvelos ZiriTadi partniorebi iyvnen ruseTi, TurqeTi, gaerTianebuli samefo, azerbaijani da TurqmeneTi. maTze modis saqarTvelos mTeli registrirebuli savaWro daaxloebiT 50 procenti. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 brunvis 33 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi cxrili 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobis mimarTulebebi, 2004 wlis I nax. saerTaSoriso vaWrobis eqxporti (FOB) tvirTbrunva aTasiUaSS dolariD sul importi ( CIF) procenti aTasiUaS S dolariD 100 764893,6 535817,7 savaWro brunva procenti aTasi aSS dolari procenti 100 70,1 1062978,2 779696,9 73,4 100 298084,6 243879,2 81,8 ruseTi 44776,7 18,4 98114,5 12,8 142891,2 13,4 TurqeTi 47355,9 15,9 81570,2 10,7 128926,1 12,1 gaerTianebuli samefo 18125,7 6,1 83604,7 10,9 101730,4 9,6 TurqmeneTi 65501,6 22,0 15444,1 2,0 80945,7 6,6 azerbaijani ZiriTadi partniori qveynebi (sul) 8555,1 2.9 62003,3 8,1 70558,4 6,6 germania 7633 2,6 57889,4 7,6 65522,4 6,2 ukraina 5093 1,7 51018,6 6,7 56111,6 5,3 aSS 13292 ,1 4,5 39687,4 5,2 52979,5 5,0 somxeTi 28190,6 9,5 13018,5 1,7 41209,1 3,9 italia 5355,5 1,8 33467 4,4 38822,5 3,7 54205,4 18,2 229075,9 29,9 283281,3 26,6 sxva wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti 2004wlis I naxevarSi, dsT-dan da evrokavSiridan Semotanili saqoneli Seadgenda saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis 70 procents. TurqeTis wilma 10,7 procenti Seadgina. SedarebiT umniSvnelo iyo aSS-s wili. nax. 5.1 : saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT, 2004 wlis I nax. sxva, 18.5% dsT,34.4 % TurqeTi, 10.7% evrokavSiri 15 36.3 % wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti bazrad rac Seexeba eqsports, saangariSo period Sic qarTuli produqciis ZiriTad kvlavac dsT rCeboda. TurqeTi iyo mxolod eqsportis 16 procentis daniSnulenis adgili. igive iyo evrokavSiris wili. 34 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, # 3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2004 wlis I nax. sxva,15.4 % TurqeTi, 15.9% dsT, 52.8% evrokavSiri 15 16% wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura cxrili 5.2 gviCvenebs registrirebuli eqsportis ZiriTad saxeobebs harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sisitemis mixedviT. 2004 wlis I naxevris mdgomareobiT 10 sasaqonlo jgufi Seadgenda qarTuli eqportis daaxloebiT 71,4 procents. cxrili 5. 2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HS96) mixedviT, 2004 wlis I nax. aTasi aSS dolari eqsporti - sul Savi liTonebis jarTi - 7204 procenti 298 085 45 856 100 15,4 feroSenadnobebi - 7202 40 990 13,8 yurZnis Rvino naturaluri - 2204 21 829 7,3 spilenZis madani da koncentratebis - 2603 20 879 7,0 navTobi da navTobproduqtebi,- 2709 16 814 5.6 xorbali-1001 16 785 5,6 wyali, maT Soris naturaluri an mineraluri - 2201, 2202 15 279 5,1 azotis sasuqebi 3102 13 758 4,6 aluminis narCenebi da jarTi-7602 10 473 3,5 eTilis spirti -2208 10 064 3,4 85 358 28,6 sxva wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti miuxedavaT imisa, rom 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi samxedro TviTmfrinavebis eqsporti TiTqmis ar ganxorcielebula, meore kvartalSi man Seadgina 45,8 milioni aSS dolari. eqsportis garkveuli nawils dabali damatebiTi Rirebulebis mqone produqcia Seadgens, rogoricaa, magaliTad Savi liTonebis jarTi, Zvirfasi liTonebis madani da koncentratebi, feroSenadnobebi, mineraluri wylebi. Savi liTonis jarTis eqsporti (sasaqonlo kodi: 7204) kvlavac erT -erT pirvel adgilzea 40,9 milioni aSS dolariT. didi nawili Savi liTonebis jarTis eqsportisa gadis mezobel TurqeTSi. feroSenadnobebis eqsporti (sasaqonlo kodi: 7202) 21,8 milioni saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 35 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi dolariT mesame adgilze iyo. wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT eqsporti gaizarda 15 milioni aSS dolariT erT -erTi mniSvnelovani saeqsporto saqoneli aris alkoholiani da ualkoholo sasmelebi, romelic moicavs Rvinos, naturalur da mineralur wylebs. magram, unda iTqvas, rom es seqtori umeteswilad ruseTis samomxareblo bazarzea damokidebuli, romelzec modis saqarTvelos Rvinis eqsportis 75-80 procenti. 2004 wlis ianvarSi, evrokavSiris komisiis soflis meurneobis generalur direqtoratsa da saqarTvelos mxares Soris gamarTuli molaparakebebi dasrulda evrokavSiris mier qarTuli Rvinis oficialuri aRiarebiT. dReidan qarTuli Rvinis mwarmoeblebs SeuzRudavad SeuZliaT Rvinis eqsporti evrokavSiris bazrebze. amisaTvis qarTvelma mewarmeebma unda warmoadginon VI1 sertifikati. es aris mesame qveyanaSi gacemuli dokumenti, sadac miTiTebulia im Rvinis detaluri maxasiaTeblebi, romelic unda moxvdes evrokavSiris bazarze. am pozitiuri cvlilebebis miuxedavad, unda gadaidgas Semdgomi konkretuli nabijebi. erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovan moments warmoadgens RviniT vaWrobis Sesaxeb ormxrivi xelSekrulebis gaformeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs RviniT vaWrobas saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris. am samomavlo SeTanxmebam unda moicvas Semdegi aspeqtebi: • meRvineobis praqtika da procedur ebi, agreTve Rvinis SemadgenlobasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi; • Rvinis saxelwodebebisa da Sesabamisi debulebebis u rTierTdacva. • sertifikaciasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi. CanarTi 5.1 evrokomisiam miiRo gadawyvetileba gaaumjobesos arsebuli GSP-is sqema 2004 wlis ivlisSi, evrokomisiam miiRo gadawyvetileba gaaumjobesos SeRavaTiani savaWro reJimi mTeli rigi mimarTulebebiT: sistemis gamartiveba (amJamad moqmedi damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli preferenciebis xuTi mimarTulebis Semcireba); SeRavaTebis gavrceleba im ganviTarebad qveynebze, romelTac es yvelaze metad esaWiroebaT; regionuli TanamSromlobis gaZliereba da damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli preferenciebis gamiz vna mdgrad ganviTarebaze. evrokomisia, gasuli wlebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs 2006-2015 GSP-s sqemis SemuSavebisaTvis gvTavazobs SeRavaTiani savaWro preferenciebis miniWeba im qveynebisaTvis, romelTac e s yvelaze metad sWirdebaT: naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebisa da yvelaze Raribi ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis (mcire qveynebi, zRvaze gasasvlelis armqone qveynebi, mcire kunZulebi da mcireSemosavliani qveynebi); martivi GSP sqema; komisia gvaTavazobs dReisaTvis arsebuli damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli preferenciebis 5 mimarTulebis Semcirebas samamde: zogadi 36 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, # 3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi waxalisebis sqema, ~Everything but Arms” waxalisebis sqema, romelic uzrunvelyofs msoflios 50 uRaribes qveyanas evrokavSiris bazarze yovelgvari sabaJo tarifebisa da qvotebis gareSe daSvebis SesaZleblobiT da axali ~GSP+~ sqema, romelic mianiWebs preferenciebs ganviaTarebis specialuri moTxovnebis mqone qveynebs. gamWvirvale GSP-s sqema: SeRavaTebis SeCereba konkurentian saqonelze im qveynebisaTvis, maRalkonkurentian qveynebs warmoadgenen da – gauqmeba mxolod yvelaze romlebic gaerTianebis bazarze evrokavSirSi TavianTi eqsportis xelSesawyobad SeRavaTian savaWro preferenciebs aRar saWiroeben. amasTan, mcire qveynebs preferenciebis SeCereba ar emuqreba da garda amisa, SeRavaTebis SeCerebis meqanizmis SemuSavebisas, yuradReba unda gamaxvildes yvelaze gaWirvebul qveynebze. unda gvaxsovdes, rom SeRavaTebis SeCereba erTgvari jarima ki ara, aramed imis niSania, rom GSP- s sqemam warmatebulad Seasrula Tavis funqcia. axali wamaxalisebeli preferencia, mdgradi ganviTarebisa da kargi marTvis stimulirebisaTvis SemoTavazebulia yofili narkotikebis, socialuri da garemosdacviTi sqemebis axali ~GSP+~ sqemiT Canacvlebis mizniT, romelic uzrunvelyofs specialur preferenciebs im qveynebisaTvis, romlebic aRiareben ZiriTad saerTaSoriso konvenciebs socialuri uflebebis, garemos dacvisa da marTvis Sesaxeb da maT Soris narkotikebis warmoebasa da trefikingis winaaRmdeg brZolasTan dakavSirebiT. warmoSobis dadgenis wesebis gaumjobeseba: regionuli TanamSromlobis gasaRrmaveblad warmoSobis dadgenis wesebis SemoReba. wevr qveynebTan diskusiis gamarTvis Semdeg, 2004 wlis noembrisaTvis, komisiam warmoadgina GSP sqemis ganxorcielebis reglamenti Semdgomi sami wlisTvis, dawyebuli 2006 wlis 1 ianvridan. wyaro: European Commission, Brussels registrirebuli importis struqtura 2004 wlis pirveli naxevarSi importSi kvlavac dominirebda mineraluri produqtebi. saqarTvelos damokidebuleba importul energomatareblebze kvlavac mniSvnelovani iyo saangariSo periodSi. navTobproduqtebi da eleqtroenergia erTad navTobis Seadgenda airebi, navTobi da 17 procents mTliani importisa. cxrili 5. 3 gviCvenebs umsxviles saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebs, romelTa saerTo wili registrirebul importSi aris daaxloebiT 42 procenti. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 37 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HS96) mixedviT, 2004 wlis I nax . aTasi aSS dolari 764 894 importi - sul procenti 100 navTobi da navTobproduqtebi – 2710 69 492 navTobis airebi –2711 38 969 5,1 eleqtroenergia – 2716 20 519 2.7 msubuqi avtomobilebi - 8703 39 247 5,1 samkurnalo saSualebebi –3004 35 218 4,6 xorbali- 1001 30 749 4,0 milebi -7305 34 051 4.5 eleqtrogeneratoruli danadgarebi -8502 15 003 2.0 spec. daniSnulebis manqanebi-8479 22 748 3,0 lerwmis an Warxlis Saqari - 1701 14 481 1,9 444 417 58,1 sxva 9,1 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ruseTis federaciis vmo-Si molaparakebebis Sedegebi 2004 wlis 28 maiss, gawevrianebasTan saqarTvelosa da dakavSirebiT ruseTis delegaciebma ormxrivi gaaformes ormxrivi SeTanxmebebi saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT vaWrobis da aseve soflis meurneobis dargSi, ruseTis vmo-Si gawevrianebis konteqstSi. Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos winaSe kvlavac dgas mniSvnelovani problemebi Semdeg sferoebSi: ruseTidan saqarTveloSi kontrols ardaqvemdebarebuli kontrabandis nakadebi saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris afxazeTisa da cxinvalis monakveTebze gavliT seriozul zians ayenebs adgilobriv bazarsa da uaryofiTad moqmedebs saqarTvelos erovnul ekonomikaze. saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris sabaJo kontrolis punqtebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis debulebaTa ugulvebelyofiT, komerciuli saqoneli Semodis saqarTvelos teritoriaze ruseTidan arakomerciuli sabaJo punqtebidan (saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris monak veTi CrTiloeT oseTSi – zemo zarmagi, veseloe-krasnodari), maSin roca SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod erTi oficialuri sabaJo saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris - yazbegi - zemo larsi, romelzedac komerciuli saqonlis gavla oficialurad aris aRiarebuli SeTanxmebis mxareTa mier. ruseTis xelisuflebi s mier gamoyenebuli sabaJo formalobebis ormxriv da mravalmxriv ganxilvebTan erTad, ruseTis saxelmwifo sabaJo komitetma gamosca brZaneba #961 daTariRebuli 2001 wlis 4 oqtombriT da brZaneba #1002 daTariRebuli 2001 wlis 19 oqtombriT, romlis safuZvelzec ruseTis mier oficialurad aris daSvebuli saqarTvelosTan ori ukanono sabaJos moqmedeba, rac ewinaaRmdegeba ruseTTan ormxriv da mravalmxriv valdebulebebs. amasTan, ruseTis saxelmwifo sabaJo komitetis 2000 wlis 27 noembris brZaneba #1070 krZalavs saaqcizo saqonlis eqsports, iseTis rogoricaa alkoholi da Tabmaqos nawarmis eqsporti 38 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, # 3 saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelodan ruseTSi oficialuri sabaJos gavliT, maSin roca ukanono sabaJoebze aRniSnuli akrZalvebi ar moqmedebs. ruseTis mier gamoyenebuli wesebi saqarTvelodan Rvinoebisa da Rvinis masalebis importTan dakavSirebiT sxva araferia Tu ara arakeTilsindisieri vaWrobis praqtika da erTgvari faruli savaWro barieri, romelic aferxebs mxareTa Soris miRweuli Tavisufali savaWro SeTanxmebis efeqturad ganxorcielebas. ruseTSi saqarTvelos Rvinoebis eqsportis daSvebiT mxolod da mxolod azerbaijanze gamavali sarkinigzo gziT, iseve rogorc Rvinis masalebis importis daSveba (eskortis TanxlebiT) saqarTvelos Rvinis warmoebisaTvis mxolod da mxolod garkveuli sawarmoebisaTvis CrTiloeT oseTSi, warmoadgens arasamarTlian politikas importis regulirebis sferoSi. vmo- s CarCo SeTanxmeba 2004 wlis pirvel agvistos, miRweuli iqna vmo-s axali CarCo SeTanxmeba dohas savaWro molaparakebebisaTvis. es daexmareba dohas savaWro raundis kalapotSi dabrunebas da migvaaxlovebs dohas nusxiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sepirebebis ganxorcielebasTan. SeTanxmeba safuZvels uyris mniSvnelovani reformis ganxorcielebas sasoflo -sameurneo nawarmiT msoflio vaWrobis dargSi. axali CarCo SeTanxmeba, romelic gvTavazobs gegmas momavalSi saeqsporto subsidiebis gauqmebisaTvis, axali valdebulebebis SemoRebas vaWrobis Semaferxebel sasoflo-sameurneo subsidiebTan dakavSirebiT da iTvaliswinebs Tanamimdevrul SezRudvebs sazRvris dacvis sferoSi, zrdis imis molodins, rom msoflios Rarib qveynebs ufro samarTliani pirobebi Seeqmneba T msoflio bazrebze. specialuri yuradReba, romelic eTmoba bambas, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania yvelaze naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebisaTvis. aranakleb mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom CarCo sameurneo bazarze daSvebasTan dakavSir ebiT (NAMA) SeTanxmeba arasasofloniadags uqmnis Raribi qveynebidan samrewvelo saqonlis eqsportze dawesebuli barierebis mniSvnelovnad Semcirebas. momsaxurebis liberalizaciasa d a vaWrobis xelSewyobaze mimarTuli vmo-s wevrTa Semdgomi Zalisxmeva da SeTanxmebis s x v a mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi, sargebels moutans yvela qveyanas. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 39 Tavi meeqvse. axalma mTavrobam saqarTveloSi privatizacia reformebis axali etapi daiwyo da privatizacia am procesis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia. igi gansakuTrebul rols iTamaSebs qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi. 1992 wels saqarTveloSi privatizebis procesis dawyebis Semdeg, privatizebulia 15,000-ze meti sawarmo. saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi darCenilia sawarmoTa sakmaod didi raodenoba – daaxloebiT 1,800 mcire, saSualo da strategiuli mniSvnelobis sawarmo, romlebSic saxelmwifos wili aqvs da romelSic 180,000-ze meti adamiania dasaqmebuli. mimdi nare privatizebis politikis mTavari tendenciebia darCenil sawarmoTa swrafad gadacema kerZo sakuTrebaSi da ekonomikis radikaluri deregulireba kerZo investiciebis mobilizebisaTvis. axali mTavroba gegmavs ucxoeli investorebis mozidvas da biznesisaTvis ufro xe lsayreli garemos Seqmnas qveyanaSi. aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi momxdari cvlilebebi, sadac gasul wlebSi privatizacia Zalze mcire masStabiT xorcieldeboda, dadebiT Sedegs iqoniebs mTlianad privatizaciisa da ekonomikuri reformebis procese bze. 2005 wels, axali sagadasaxado kodeqsis parametrebis dawesebis kvalobaze, saqarTvelo ufro momzidveli qveyana gaxdeba rogorc Sida, aseve gare investorebisaTvis. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrom gamoaqveyna 372 sawarmos sia, romelSic saxelmwifos wilis gayidva SeTavazebulia auqcionis wesiT. aRniSnuli privatizebis procesi 18 TveSi unda ganxorcieldes. privatizebis procesis obieqturobisa da gamWvirvalobis da msoflios masStabiT informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro avrcelebs informacias privatizebis Sesaxeb sakuTari oficialuri beWdviTi organosa da sxva gazeTebis meSveobiT da aseve internetis vebgverdze (www.privatization.ge). saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizeba saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi darCenili saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizacia kvlavac problematur sakiTxad rCeba. ganvlili wlebis gamocdilebam naTelyo, rom saqarTveloSi msxvili sawarmoebis privatizebis xerxebs Sedegi ar moaqvs. msxvili sawarmoebi metad didi zomisaa, maT i aqtivebi cud mdgomareobaSia; didi davalianebebi, samuSao Zalis siWarbe da sawarmoSi dainteresebis mqone jgufebis gavlena kidev ufro arTulebs situacias. aSkaraa, rom msxvili sawarmoebis privatizebisaTvis seriozuli zomebia misaRebi. iseT seqtorebSi, rogoricaa energetikis, satelekomunikacio, mrewvelobisa da transportis seqtorebi, bevri aqtivi ekonomikisaTvis mZime tvirTad gadaiqca da saswrafod saWiroebs restruqturizacias, reabilitacias an likvidacias. 2004 wlis meore kvartalSi, saSualo da msxvil sawarmoTa privatizacias faqtobrivad adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, mTavrobam SeimuSava axali politika, romelic iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi myofi yvela sawarmos privatizebas, im sawarmoTa gamoklebiT, romlebic qveynisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqonea. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministrom gamoaqveyna 372 saprivatizacio sawarmos nusxa, 40 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 privatizacia romelSic saxelmwifos wilis gayidva SeTavazebulia auqcionis wesiT. nusxaSi Setanilia iseTi umsxvilesi sawarmoebi, rogoricaa saaqcio kompania “TbilaviamSeni” (saaviacio qarxana), rusTavis metalurgiuli kombinati, WiaTurmanganumi, msxvili satelekomunikacio kompaniebi; Tbilisis, baTumisa da foTis aeroportebi; 5 hidroeleqtrosadguri imereTSi, mTeli rigi navTobterminalebisa da gazis gamanawilebeli kompaniebi. saaqcio kompania “TbilaviamSeni” aRniSnul saprivatizacio nusxaSi pirvelia. igi 100 procentiT saxelmwifo kompaniaa. 2003 wels, qarxana gadaeca saeqspluataciod Zveli xelmZRvanelobis mier dafuZnebul kompanias. savaraodod, aqciaTa didi nawili Tavad sawarmos mier iqneba Sesyiduli. zogierTi aqtivi, romelic pirdapir ar aris dakavSirebuli qarxanasTan, magaliTad manqanebis sadgomi, klubi, mSenebare Senoba da ori sawyobi, amoRebulia sawarmos sawesdebo kapitalidan da calke unda gaiyidos. rusTavis metalurgiuli kombinati ganlagebulia 500 h a miwis farTobze da moicavs 38 sxvadasxva saamqros. winaswari informaciiT, saministro gegmavs kombinatis gasayidad SeTavazebas 30 milion aSS dolarad. axalma mflobelma aseve unda dafaros 130 milioni aSS dolaris davalianeba . Tumca, dawvrilebiTi informacia privatizebis pirobebis Sesaxeb jer -jerobiT cnobili ar aris. ar bevr sawarmoSi Sefasebisa da auditoruli Semowmebis procesi dasrulebuli aris. aucilebelia mkafiod ganisazRvros TiToeul saprivatizacio aqtivze pasuxismgebeli organo. yovel sawarmoze pasuxismgebeli organos dadgena gamoricxavs momavalSi sxvadasxva mxareebisagan SesaZlo pretenziebis warmoSobas, rac Seaferxebda privatizebis procesis uproblemod Catarebas. aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis privatizaciisaTvis gaxsnas Sedegad mohyva turizmis seqtoris 26 sawarmos CarTva saprivatizacio nusxaSi. saministrom ukve moaxdina Sps “inturisti- s” privatizacia. saxelmwifos wili sawarmos saaqcio kapitalis 100 procents Seadgenda . gasayidad auqcionze gatanili sawarmos sawyisi fasi 3 milioni aSS dolari iyo. mTavrobam restruqturizacia ufro energiulad unda ganaxorcielos da gakotreba/likvidaciis procedurebi, raTa es sawarmoTa sawarmoebi mimzidveli gaxdnen ucxoeli investorebisaTvis. gakotrebis saqmis warmoeba iwvevs valauvali sawarmos reorganizeba/reabilitacias an likvidacias. sicocxlisuunaro da aramimzidveli sawarmoebis likvidacia xSirad privatizaciis mtkivneuli procesis logikur dasasruls warmoadgens da masac moaqvs sargebeli ekonomikisaTvis: sagadasaxado da sxva davalianebebis nawili daifareba. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierT sawarmoSi dawyebulia likvidacia da gakotrebis saqmis warmoeba, arc erTi msxvili sawarmos likvidacia ar dasrulebula. zog sawarmoSi mimdinareobs sareabilitacio programis ganxorcieleba. Tu ki reabilitacia warmatebiT iqna ganxorcielebuli, sawarmoebi SeZleben dafaron valebi, mTlianobaSi gaiumjobeson mdgomareoba da amgvarad ufro efeqturebi gaxdnen. efeqturi sawarmoebis privatizeba gacilebiT advili iqneba da saxelmwifos ufro did Semosavals moutans. zogierT SemTxvevaSi efeqturobis miRweva ararealuria, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 41 privatizacia Tumca, aqtivebis likvidaciis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad ufro mtkice politikuri nebaa saWiro. msxvili sawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa TiToeuli konkretuli obieqtis ukeTesad Seswavla, raTa moxdes am saprivatizacio obieqtebis miyidva Zlieri investorisaTvis, romelsac eqn eba unari da survili marTos esa Tu is sawarmo, ganaxorcielos saWiro investiciebi da miiRos mogeba. msxvili sawarmoebis likvidacia gadaarCens sawarmos sicocxlisunarian aqtivebs da SeaCerebs valebis dagrovebas. orive Sedegi mTlianobaSi sargebels moutnas qveynis ekonomikas. mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia saqarTveloSi 1993 wels daiwyo. naxati 6.1 gviCvenebs mcire privatizaciis dinamikas wlebis mixedviT. sawarmoTa yvelaze didi raodenoba privatizebul iqna 1995 wels, rodesac daiwyo saqarTvelos ekonomikis stabilizacia, da 1998 wels, rodesac Catarda yvelaze msxvili auqcionebi nulovani sawyisi fasiT. mas Semdeg, privatizebis procesi TiTqos dasasruls uaxlovdeba, vinaidan saprivatizacio sawarmoebis r aodenoba mcirdeba. m s x v i l i sawarmoebis privatizeba jer kidev mimdinareobs (telekomunikaciebis, energetikis, mrewvelobis seqtorebSi) da savaraudoa, rom restruqturizaciis Sedegad axali mcire sawarmoebi warmoiSveba. maSasadame, mcire sawarmoTa privatizaciis procesi SesaZloa kidev gagrZeldes. sawarmoTa Sesyidva insaiderebis mier kvlavac gavrcelebulia, rac bevr SemTxvevaSi amcirebs saxelmwifos Semosavlebs da xels uSlis mcire sawarmoTa efeqtur funqcionirebas. Tumca, rogorc Cans, arsebuli meoradi bazari sakmaod warmatebulad funqcionirebs imisaTvis, raTa uzrunvelyos sawarmoTa ukeTesi mepatroneebis xelSi gadasvla, xolo mzardi konkurencia kompaniebze zewolas axdens efeqtianobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT. naxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi ganviTarebuli politikuri movlenebis miuxedavad, mcire sawarmoTa privatizaciaSi kvlavac winsvla aRiniSneboda. rogorc naCvenebia statistikuri danarTis 6.1 cxrilSi, 2004 wlis martis mdgomareobiT, 1993 42 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 privatizacia wlidan, 14 117 mcire sawarmo damtkicda saprivatizaciod da 17 680 faqtiurad iqna 1 privatizebuli . 2004 wels 109 mcire sawarmo iqna privatizebuli. privatizebis regionaluri samsaxurebis reorganizaciis gamo, es informacia ar aris sruli da privatizebis departamentis varaudiT am kvartalSi privatizebuli mcire sawarmoTa ricxvi kidev unda gaizardos. faqtiurad privatizebul da saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoTa mTlian raodenobebs Soris arsebuli sxvaoba imaze miuTiTebs, rom bevri maTgani privatizebis procesSi gaiyo. saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebis mzardi ricxvi imaze metyvelebs, rom bevri maTgani saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis nawils Seadgendnen da am ukanasknelTa restruqturizaciis Sedegad, damoukidebel erTeulebad Camoyalibdnen. privatizebul mcire sawarmoTa umetesoba vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sferoebs ganekuTvneba - Sesabamisad 32 da 46 procenti. statistikuri danarTis A6.1 cxrilSi mocemuli regionaluri CamonaTvalis mixedviT, privatizebuli mcire sawarmoebis umravlesoba TbilisSia registrirebuli. 2003 wlis ganmavlobaSi mcire sawarmoTa privatizeba yvela regionSi dafiqsirda. aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi mcire sawarmoTa privatizebis procesi wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeCerebuli iyo. bolo drois movlenebma regionSi privatizebis procesis ganviTarebaze, rogorc Cans, dadebiTi gavlena iqonia. mcire sawarmoTa pr ivatizebis mxriv mniSnelovani zrdaa mosalodneli. adgilobrivma mewarmeebma ukve gamoTqves am procesSi monawileobis interesi. aWaraSi konkurenciis gazrda regionis momavali ganviTarebis mamoZravebeli Zala iqneba. energetikis seqtori 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, energetikis seqtoris sawarmoTa privatizebis mxriv, progresi ar dafiqsirebula. energetikis saministro saprivatizaciod amzadebs 5 eleqtroenergiis generaciis kompanias imereTSi,. 29 gazis gamanawilebel kompaniasa da zogierT sxva aqtivs. yvela es aqtivi CarTuli iqneba saprivatizacio nusxaSi. privatizeba dawyebulia. dagegmilia 2005 wlisTvis; Tumca, igi moicavs aqtivebis lotebad mosamzadebeli dajgufebas, samuSao ukve rac aqtivebs investorisaTvis ufro mimzidvels gaxdis. magaliTad, dasavleT saqarTvelos eleqtrogeneraciis kompania erT iuridiul pirad iqneba reorganizebuli. 5 energetikis saministrom seqtoris Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis prioritetad energetikis politikis ori mTavari aspeqti gamoyo – energo usafrTxoeba da qmediTunarianoba. saministros mizania Seiqmnas momgebiani momavalSi ar iqneba damokidebuli centraluri biujetidan warmoeba, romelic da/an saerTaSoriso safina nso institutebidan moZiebul saxsrebze. aseve mTavrobis mizania Sida resursebis maqsimalurad efeqturi gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa da qveyanaSi energiis miwodebis SesaZlo punqtebis diversifikacia. sistemis reabilitaciisa da funqcionirebis gaumjobesebisaTvis da sistemuri kolafsis riskis dasaSveb (anu ukiduresad dabal) donemde Sesamcireblad, saWiroa 1 mcire sawarmoTa sruli ricxvi, romelic moicavs saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoebsac, ar aris cnobili. mcire sawarmoebad iTvleba isini, romelTa aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba 1993 wlis 1 aprilisTvis 44 000 aSS dolars ar aRemateba. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 43 privatizacia mniSvnelovani investiciebis ganxorcieleba; Sesabamisad mTavrobas aqvs survili daasrulos momzadeba da molaparakebebi saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebTan/donorebTan. samoqmedo gegmis proeqtSi mTavroba adasturebs mis mier aRebul valdebulebas donorebis eleqtroenergis generaciisa da miwodebis infrastruqturis r eabilitaciis mimdinare programebis droul da warmatebul dasrulebasTan dakavSirebiT da aseve pirobas iZleva daxmareba gauwios am organizaciebs saWiro drois ganmavlobaSi, sanam saqarTvelos gamanawilebeli seqtori TviTon gamoimuSavebs mogebas. kerZod, mTavroba uzrunvelyofs, rom sabiujeto organizaciebma gadaixadon moxmarebuli droulad, naRdi fuliT da sruli odenobiT. eleqtroenergiis safasuri rac Seexeba istoriul vals, romelic ganapirobebs wamyvani saxelmwifo kompaniebidan finansuri da samenejero resursebis gadinebas, saqarTvelos mTavroba mxars uWers valebis gadaxdis saagentos oficialur Camoyalibebas, iseve rogorc kanonmdeblobis Seqmnas, romelic akrZalavs gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis mqone energetikul erTeulebze finansuri zemoTxsenebuli saagento Camoyalibdeba. Setevebis ganxorcielebas, vidre gadasaxadebis amoRebis maCvenebelis gaumjobeseba saSualebas miscems energo kompaniebs gazardon Tavisi Semosavlebi da gaaumjobeson momsaxureobis done da miwodebis usafrTxoeba. Sesabamisad, seqtorSi aRricxvianoba da sagadamxdelo disciplina saministros umTavres prioritetebs warmoadgens. samoqmedo gegma iTvaliswinebs gazisa da eleqtroenergiis mricxvelebis damontaJebas dasawyisisTvis momxmarebelTa jgufebisaTvis, xolo Semdeg individualuri momxmareblebisaTvis. Tbilisis gamanawilebelma kompania Telasma, bolo wlebSi gamricxveliane baSi ganxorcielebuli mniSvnelovani investiciebis meSveobiT, safasuris amoRebis maCvenebeli 60-70 procentamde gazarda. eleqtroenergiis Tumca, srulebiT gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa gaerTianebul sadistribucio kompaniasa seqtorSi. zusti aRricxvianoba mogvcems zogadad eleqtroenergiisa da da gazis gazis moxmarebis naTel suraTs, da aseve iqneba energetikis saministros yvelaze efeqturi iaraRi korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da urC gadamxdelTa gamovlenaSi. samoqmedo gegmis proeqti aseve moicavs kanonmdeblobis modifikaciasa da struqturul reformebs. mTavrobam unda gaaZlieros kanonmdebloba, romelic adgens eleqtroenergiis moparvis kriminalur xasiaTs da uzrunvelyos kanonmdeblobis aRsruleba da efeqturoba. kanonmdeblobis modifikaciasTan erTad, mTavroba gegmavs miiRos zomebi momxmareblis midgomis Sesacvlelad da xeli Seuwyos im faqtis gacnobierebasa da aRiarebas, rom energiis miwodebis SenarCuneba SeuZlebelia, Tu ar moxdeba xarjebis dafarva moxmarebuli energiisaTvis gadaxdili safasuris TanxiT; da rom energiis moparva, rogorc safasuris gadauxdelobiT, danaSaulia. pirdapir, aseve struqturuli reformebis mxriv, samoqmedo gegma iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazrisa da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo eleqtrosistemis gaerTianebas da eleqtroenergiis seqtorSi moTxovna miwodebis Soris Tanafardobis miRwevaze saerTo pasuxismgebeli organos Seqmnas. struqturuli reforma aseve moicavs qvesadgurebis gadacemas saqarTvelos 44 saxelmwifo eleqtrosistemisaTvis. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 privatizacia amasTan, operatiuli efeqturobis misaRwevad, dabali Zabvis qseli, qvesadgurebi da transformatorebi unda gadaeces gaerTianebul gamanawilebel kompanias, misi moqmedebis teritoriaze. struqturuli reformebi gazis seqtorSic aris mosalodneli. kerZod, kargi iqneboda maRali wnevis gazsadenis operatorisa gazis miwodebis politikis SemmuSaveblis funqciebis gancalkeveba. da samoqmedo gegmis Tanaxmad, mTavrobam unda mosTxovos saqarTvelos energetikis erovnul maregulirebel komisias SeimuSavos momsaxurebis standartebi da yovelTviurad gamoaqveynos monacemebi funqcionirebis Sesaxeb. amiT mosaxleoba, kompaniebi da saxelmwifo organizaciebi miiReben informacias miwodebis stabilurobasa da xarisxze; da aseve seqtoris erTeulebis funqcionirebis sxva parametrebze. mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos, rom gamanawilebelma konpaniebma, romlebic 24 saaTian miwodebaze nakleb momsaxurebas ewevian, adgilobriv gazeTebSi gamoaqveynon miwodebis yovelkvireuli winaswari ganrigi. mTavrobam unda wamoiwyos sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis kampania, raTa asaxos eleqtroenergiis seqtoris mimdinare mdgomareoba da aCvenos gaumjobesebis realuri suraTi. igi drois ganmavlobaSi momsaxurebis donis aseve specialurad Seamzadebs mosaxleobas momavali zamTris periodSi mosalodneli momsaxureobis donis Sesaxeb. mTavroba gegmavs e nergetikis seqtoris sawarmoebSi (da sxva kompaniebSic) saerTaSoriso sabuRaltro standartebis danergvas. ganixileba PA gamanawilebeli kompaniis Consulting- isaTvis eleqtroenergiis gaerTianebuli marTvis kontraqtis gagrZelebis sakiTxi. kompaniam mniSvnelovan progress unda miaRwios, raTa mimzidvel i gaxdes investorebisaTvis, sxvagvarad misi gayidva an marTvaSi gadacema gaZneldeba. eleqtroenergiis gaerTianebuli gamanawilebeli kompania saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi myofi eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli regionaluri kompaniebis erT kompaniad dajgufebis Sedegad Seiqmna da PA Consulting-s misi 18 Tvis ganmavlobaSi marTvis ufleba mieniWa. saqarTvelos erovnuli energo maregulirebeli komisia apirebs gaerTianebuli gamanawilebeli kompaniis teritoriis farglebSi momuSave kompaniebis 26 gamanawilebeli licenziis gauqmebas. rogorc Cans, mTavroba srulad iRebs pasuxismgeblobas seqtorSi arsebuli mZime problemebis gadaWraze da samoqmedo gegmis warmatebuli ganxorcieleba Seqmnis safuZvels qmediTunariani, finansurad sicocxlisunariani energetikis seqtoris CamoyalibebisaTvis. saqarTveloSi msxvili sawarmoebis privatizeba kidev gagrZeldeba. bevr sferoSi momsaxureobas ZiriTadad saxelmwifo seqtori eweoda. dagegmili reformebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mTavrobam SesaZloa saxelmwifo-kerZo konkurenciis modeli gamoiyenos. CanarTSi 6.1 mocemulia debulebebi, romlebic SesaZloa daexmaros mTavrobas am modelis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 45 privatizacia CanarTi 6.1: strategiebi marTvadi konkurenciis problemebis Tavidan acileba saxelmwifo-kerZo seqtoris sakonkurencio programis ganxorcielebisas, saxelmwifo moxeleebma unda uzrunvelyon Tanabari konkurenciis pirobebi Sida saxelmwifo da gare kerZo momwodebl ebs Soris. amgvari sakonkurencio neitralitetis misaRwevad aucilebelia sami didi cvlileba: § § Sida saxelmwifo kompaniis mier momsaxurebis miwodebis realuri xarjis gansazRvra, saxelmwifo momwodeblebisaTvis yvela sagangebo SeRavaTis gauqmeba, maTTvis daSvebuli gadasaxadidan ganTavisuflebisa da sxva gamonaklisebis arasamarTlian upiratesobas kerZo kompaniebTan mimarTebaSi. § CaTvliT, romelic aniWebs saxelmwifo kompaniebisaTvis meti moqnilobis uz runvelyofa Sesyidvebis, muSakebisa da anazRaurebis TvalsazrisiT, raTa ufro efeqturad gauwion konkurencia kerZo kompaniebs. sruli Rirebulebis finansuri aRricxva xSirad mTavrobas warmodgena ara aqvs imaze Tu ra jdeba bevri komunaluri momsaxurebis miwodeba, magaliTad Txrilis amovseba, Senobis inspeqtireba an kanalizaciis gawmenda, magram amgvari informaciis gareSe samarTliani konkurenciis gamarTva SeuZlebelia. konkurentunariani kontraqtorebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde saagentoebma Tavdapirvelad unda daadginon Sida momwodeblis mier gaweuli momsaxurebis sruli Rirebuleba, rac ioli amocana ar aris, radganac xSirad ama Tu im saqonlisa an momsaxurebis xarjs organizaciis ramodenime samsaxuri iyofs da Sesabamisad, administratorebma unda gadawyviton xarjis ra nawili ekuTvnis organizaciis TiToeul samsaxurs. nu-iorkis universitetis profesori e. savani aRniSnavs, rom realuri xarjis odenobas 30 procentiT amcireben. Cveulebriv saxelmwifo saagentoebi bevr saxelmwifo saagentos xarjTaRricxvis Tanmimdevruli meTodi ar gaaCnia. 120 sxvadasxva qalaqSi ganxorcielebuli kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom respodentTa naxevarze mets xarjebis gaanalizebisa da Sefardebis oficialurad dadgenili meTodi ar hqoniaT. mTliani xarjebis SefasebaSi daSvebulia Semdegi saerTo Secdomebi: § gadamkveTi subsidireba § § § § zednadebi xarjebi ar aris ganawilebuli ZiriTadi kapitalis amortizaciis arasworad gaangariSeba ZiriTadi kapitalis danaxarji gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris; da iseTi xarjebis gamokleba an arasrulad asaxva, rogoricaa sa pensio gegmebi, sasamarTlo gadasaxdelebi, sadazRvevo da administraciuli xarjebi. privatizebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas xarji xSirad mniSvenlovan f aqtors warmoadgens, da organizatorebi unda flobdnen informacias rogorc Sida momwodeblis aseve kontraqtis safuZvelze gaweuli momsaxurebis realuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb. mTliani xarjebis zusti Sefasebis gareSe, tenderis organizatorebs gaurTuldebaT ama Tu im momsaxurebis yvelaze efeqturi momwodeblis gamovlena. momsaxurebis miwodebis xarjis 46 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 privatizacia gaangariSeba rTulia da aq „mza recepti“ - anu iseTi meTodi, romelic gamoricxavda yvela subieqtur Sefasebebs, ar arsebobs. a. ratom saerTo Rirebuleba? rodesac kerZo sawarmoebs gadawyvetili aqvT gaafarToon TavianTi operaciebi an axali tipis momsaxurebis miwodeba daiwyon, ismis SekiTxva: „damatebiTi moculoba unda Sevqmna Tu SeviZino?“ Cveulebriv, praqtika gvkarnaxobs, r o m momsaxurebis Sida ZalebiT gawevis damatebiTi Rirebuleba (romelsac aseve zRvrul SevadaroT momsaxurebis garedan Sesyidvis Rirebulebas . Rirebulebas uwideben) unda kerZo biznesSi es saerTo Rirebulebis minimizaciis gonivruli meTodia. magram samTavrobo saagentoebi kerZo seqtorSi ar muSaoben da, konkurenciis TvalsazrisiT, ar ganicdian i seTive zewolas rogorsac kerZo sawarmoebi. isini xSirad inarCuneben Warb sawarmoo simZalvres an araefeqturad anawil eben resursebs. amis gamo, saxelmwifo seqtoris monacemebi sawarmos gafarToebis zRvruli Rirebulebis Sesaxeb xSirad ararealurad dabalia. saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtoris momsaxurebis fardobiTi efeqturobis ukeT SefasebisaTvis saWiroa orive seqtoris saerTo xarjis an srulad gawerili xarjis Sedareba. saerTo Rirebuleba aris romelime konkretuli tipis momsaxurebis gawevis pirdapiri da zednadebi xarji. b. gaiTvaliswineT aRniSnuli saerTo Secdomebi § gadamkveTi subsidireba. SesaZeni ganyofilebis xarjebs xSirad saagentos sxva ganyofilebebi iReben Tavis Tavze da es xarjo aRniSnuli ganyofilebis mier gaweul xarjad ar iricxeba. xarjebis dadgenisas, gasaTvalswinebelia, rom saagentos calkeuli ganyofilebebi cdiloben TavianTi operaciebis im nawilis subsidirebas, romelmac konkurencia unda gauwios kerZo firmebs, im ganyofilebebis xarjze, romlebic proteqciiT sargebloben. magaliTad, ramodenime qalaqSi, narCenebis ganTavsebis erTiani sawarmo ramodenime segmentad iyo dayofili, romelTaganac zogierTs konkurencia unda gaewia kerZo sawarmosTvis, zogierTi ki Sida operaciebs ganaxorcielebda. rig SemTxvevebSi ki, kerZo firmebi amtkicebdnen, rom qalaqis administraciuli erTeulebis mier dabali SemoTavazebebi gadamkveTi subsidirebis Sedegia. zemoaRniSnulisgan Tavis dasacavad saukeTeso xerxia mesame mxaris mowveva, romelic obieqturad gansazRvravs ama Tu im ganyofilebis realur xarjebs. § § problemebi zednadebi xarjebis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT. arapirdapiri an zednadebi xarjebi, iseTi rogoricaa sadazRvevo, komunaluri, teqnologiuri da administraciuli xarjebi, xSirad erTi saagentos ramodenime ganyofilebaze nawildeba. kapitalis moTxovnebis an Canacvlebis rezervebis sakiTxis gacnobiereba. aqtivebi, rogoricaa Senobebi, kompiuterebi da mZime teqnika, drois ganmavlobaSi kargavs Rirebulebas. isini ganicdian cveTas an moZveldebian da sabolood aseT aRWurvilobas Tavidan icileben, hyidian, kapitalur remonts utareben an axliT cvlian. amgvari danakargis Rirebuleba aqtivis amortizaciis xarjia, romlis gaangariSeba, Cveulebriv, Semdegnair ad xdeba: aqtivis Rirebuleba plus procenti, romelic iyofa aqtivis eqspluataciis wlebze, romelic gayidvis dros salikvidacio Rirebulebaze naklebi iqneba, Tu ki aseTi arsebobs. amortizaciis xarjebi an Canacvlebis rezervebi CarTuli unda iyos konkretuli saqmianobis saerTo RirebulebaSi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 47 privatizacia § § ZiriTadi kapitalis danaxarji gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris. sesxsa an valze daricxuli procentis gadaxdis xarjebi aseve unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli saerTo xarjTaRricxvaSi. xarjebis gamokleba an arasrulad asaxva. xarjebis gamo kleba an arasrulad asaxva SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos uyuradRebobiT an iseTi sabuRaltro standartebiT, romlebic ar iTvaliswinebs xarjebis srulad gaweras da gadamkveT subsidirebas an surviliT, rom konkretuli saxis momsaxureba realurze ufro efeqturad warmoaCinos. xarjebis arasrulad asaxvas ufro xSirad adgili aqvs momavali xarjebis winaswar gaweris dros. ZiriTadad, es moicavs pensiebis arasruli odenobiT dafinansebis, sawarmos mier daxmarebebis gacemis, sasamarTlo xarjebis da administraciuli xarjebis SemTxvevebs. § momsaxurebis ufro maRali doneebis ugulvelyofa. xarjTa gaangariSebisas unda darwmundeT, rom Sesadari erTeulebi tolfasia. samarTliani ar iqneba Tu ufro maRali xarisxis momsaxurebas, romelsac kontraqtori uzrunvelyofs, SevafardebT kompaniis mier gaweul xarjebs ufro dabali xarisxis momsaxurebisaTvis. unda gamovTvaloT ra xarjs gaswevda kompania aRniSnuli xarisxis momsaxurebis uzrunvelsayofad. c. xarjebis Sedareba konkretuli saxis momsaxurebis miwodebaze kontraqtis mosapoveblad monawileobis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros, gasaTvalsiwinebelia damatebiTi xarjebi. kompaniis saerTo xarjebi unda SevafardoT Semdeg faqtorebs: kontraqtqoris xarji+kontraqtis admininstrirebis xarji+ konver ciis (amortizirebuli) xarji-axladmiRebuli mogeba § kontraqtoris xarji aris momsaxurebis gawevis fasi, romelic saagentom unda gadaixados. § § kontraqtis admininstrirebis xarji SeiZleba moicavdes tenderSi monawileobis, kontraqtis gaformebisa da nebismier sxva xarjebs, romelsac saagento sxvagvarad ar gaswevda. efeqturobis donis monitoringisa da Sefasebis xarjebi unda gaiR os saxelmwifo saagentom da kontraqtis momwodeblebma da Sesabamisad, es xarji ar ganixileba rogorc kontraqtis administrirebis damatebiTi xarji. axali tipis momsaxurebaze gadasvlis xarji. zogjer saxelmwifo saagentos erT jeradi xarjis gaReba uwevs, rodesac igi gadadis kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli momsaxurebis gawevaze, magaliTad sasamarTlos gadasaxdelebis an muSakTa premiebis saxiT. an momwodebelma SeiZleba moiTxovos konkretuli cvlilebebis Setana teqnologiur procesSi vidre momsaxurebas daiwyebs. Tu aRniSnul xarjebs saxelmwifo saagento ixdis, isini CarTuli unda iyos kontraqtis saerTo RirebulebaSi, amortizirebuli Rirebulebis safuZvelze. § axali mogeba. zogierT kontraqts saagentosTvis axali mogeba moaqvs. axali mogeba unda gamoiqviTos kontraqtiT gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebulebidan, raTa SevadaroT kontraqtiT gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebuleba kompaniis mier gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebulebas. aRniSnuli mogeba SeiZleba saxelmwifo aqtivebis gayidvis, operaciebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis Sedegs an kerZo kontraqtoris mier miRebul axal sagadasaxado Semosavlebs warmoadgendes . § winaswar gansazRvruli sagadasaxado Semosavlebi. kerZo kontraqtorebi ixdian gadasaxadebs. isini ixdian saSemosavlo gadasaxads, gayidvis, eqspluataciisa d a sxva gadasaxadebs, romelic saxelmwifos ericxeba. saxelmwifo seqtoris momwodeblebi sul ramodenime gadasaxads ixdian, T u saerTod ixdian gadasaxadebs. Sesabamisad, rodesac momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifo seqtoris momwodeblebi da ara kerZo sawarmoebi, romlebic gadasaxadebs ixdian, saxelmwifo ganicdis wminda danakargs sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi. saxelmwifo moxeleebma unda gaiTvaliswinon sagadasaxado Semosavali rodesac kontraqtis ama Tu im kompaniaze gacemis Taobaze gadawyvetilebas iReben. 48 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 privatizacia SeniSvna: sxva faqtorebi, rogoricaa efeqturoba, mniSvnelovania, rodesac unda miviRoT gadawyetileba imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin uzrunvelyofs momsaxurebis miwodebas. Tumca, arCevanis gakeTebisas mniSvnelovania finansuri mdgomareobis srulad gaazreba, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos xarjebis sworad Sevafaseba. konkuren ciis mniSvneloba konkurenciis gareSe verc saxelmwifo da verc kerZo kompaniebis efeqturoba ver gastans. kerZo kompaaniebi xSirad ufro iaf momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofen imitom rom konkurencia aiZulebs meti yuradReba miaqcion xarjebs. analogiurad kerZo kompaniebis mxridan konkurencia aiZulebs saxelmwifo momwodeblebs gaakontrolon TavianTi xarjebi. problemas saxelmwifo Tu kerZo kompaniebi ki ara, aramed monopoliisa da konkurenciis mdgomareoba warmoadgens. konkurnetul bazrebs SeuZlia uzrunvelyos efeqturi muSaoba rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve kerZo seqtorSi. specialuri SeRavaTebis gauqmeba zogierTi qveynis mTavrobam daarRvia konkurenciis pirobebi ara kerZo kompaniebis sasargeblod, rodesac gaaTavisufla saxelmwifo kompaniebi dabeWdili SeTavazabebis Cabarebis moTxovnisgan. zogierTma qalaqma praqtikaSi SemoiRo, rom saxelmwifo kompaniebs SeuZliaT TavianTi SeTavazebebis gaerTianeba mas Semdeg, rodesac maTTvis cnobili gaxdeba kerZo seqtoridan miRebuli saukeTeso SemoTavazebebi. sakonkurencio procesis korumpirebis garda, amgvar i midgoma savaraudod gamoiwvevs konkurenciis Sedegad xarjTa ekonomiis Semcirebasac. saqme imaSia, rom Tu kerZo kompaniebi igrZnoben, rom politikosebi maT iyeneben mxolod da mxolod imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifo seqtorisgan SeRavaTebi miiRon, isini male mivlen im daskvnamde rom tenderSi monawileoba ar uRirT , rac Seamcirebs konkurencias. axali zelandiisa da avstraliis mTavrobebi, TavianT mcdelobaSi Tanabari sakonkurencio pirobebi Seuqmnan saxelmwifo da kerZo kompaniebs, moiTxoven sakonkurencio neitralitetis dacvas saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebs Soris. saxelmwifo kompaniebs maqsimalurad gauuqmda yvela is SeRavaTi da upiratesoba, romliTac isini kerZo seqtoris kompaniebTan mimarTebaSi sargeblobdnen. saxelmwifo seqtoris „komercializacia“ moxda da maT unda gadaixadon gadasaxadebi (an gadasaxadis eqvivalenti), Seasrulon reglamentebi, romlebic dawesebulia kerZo kompaniebisaTvis, awarmoon sruli finansuri angariSgeba. samarTliani konkurenciis procesis uzrunvelsayofad, tenderis organizator saxelmwifo uwyebasa da tenderSi mo nawile kerZo kompanias Soris uSualo kavSiri unda damyardes. rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve kerZo monawile unda pasuxobdes erTsa da imave standartebs da eqvemdebarebodes erTsa da imave finansur jarimebsa da stimulebs. saxelmwifo kompaniebis gaTavisufleba zedmeti reglamentebisagan imisaTvis rom saxelmwifo kompania konkurentunariani iyos kerZo kompaniebTan mimarTebaSi, is unda gaTavisufldes bevri zedmeti reglamentisa da biurokratiuli procedurisgan, romelic mis produqtiulobas aqveiTebs. magaliTad, gzebis SekeTebis brigada indianopolisSi Cioda, rom qalaqis municipalitetis Sesyidvebze pasuximgebeli ganyofilebidan saWiro momaragebis misaRebad maT erTi kvira dasWirdaT, maSin roca kerZo firmebi amgvar momaragebas meore dResve iReben. saxelmwifo kompaniebs, Tu ki maT ufro meti saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 49 privatizacia damoukidebloba ar mieniWaT, konkurenciis pirobebSi maT orive garemoSi mouwevT muSaoba, rogorc samewarmeo, aseve biurokratiulSi. wyaro: www.privatization.org The Reason Foundation, Reason Public Policy Institute 50 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 Tavi meSvide. samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialu ri uzrunvelyofa saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa d a b i z n e s garemos garkveulwilad gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, ramac rigi axali samuSao adgile bis Seqmna ganapiroba, Sromis bazris mdgomareoba kvlavac metad arasaxarbielo da arastabiluri rCeba. maSin roca umuSevrobis maCveneblebi zogadad Seesabameba gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebel maCveneblebs da TavisTavad, Sromis bazris tendenciebis Sesaxeb optimisturi daskvnebis safuZvelsac SeiZleba iZleodes, saerTo suraTs auaresebs mudmivi umuSevroba, farTod gavrcelebuli faruli da SeniRbuli umuSevroba da xelfasebis vardna minimalur saarsebo doneze bevrad dabla. Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis umetesoba arasrulad dasaqmebuli an umuSevaria. axali stabiluri samuSao adgilebi iSviaTad iqmneba. Sromis bazarze Warbobs soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebis wili, romelic mxolod da mxolod saarsebo minimums uzrunvelyofs. dasaqmebulTa didi nawili dakavebulia araoficialuri da araregistrirebuli saqmianobiT, romelic dabalanazRaurebadia da metwilad TviTdasaqmebas warmoadgens. Sr omisunariani asakis mosaxleobis mxolod 20 procentamde iRebs xelfass, aqedan dasaqmebulTa didi nawili Zlivs irCens Tavs. umuSevroba qvemoT moyvanili mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis analizi emyareba ssd -s mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monace mebs 1. aRniSnuli maCveneblebi, romlebic gaangariSebulia Sso- s principebisa da meTodologiis safuZvelze (mag. registrirebuli umuSevrobis monacemebi, saerTaSoriso standartebiT - anu Sso -s 2 ganmartebebis Tanaxmad, ar SeiZleba informaciis karg wyarod CaiTvalos) gvaZleven bevr saintereso informacias Sromis bazarsa da SinameurneobaTa biujetebis Sesaxeb. gamokvlevis monacemTa safuZvelze gakeTebuli Sefasebebi xelsayrelia samuSao Zalis, dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis, samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficientebsa da samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobis, SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebisa da xarjebis maCveneblebSi cvlilebebis asaxvisaTvis. ssd -s gamokvlevis Sedegebs udaod arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Sromis bazarze saerTo tendenciebisa da SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebis aRricxvis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, bevri ram rCeba mocemuli maCveneblebisa da gamokvlevebis miRma. msoflioSi gamoyenebuli meTodologiis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli gamokvleva ar iTvaliswinebs anazRaurebis odenobas. amasTan, igi ar moicavs araformalur ekonomikaSi dasaqmebulTa wils da srulad ar asaxavs arasruli dasaqmebisa da siRaribis mdgomareobas. 1 mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevas ssd-i awarmoebs 1996 wlis mesame kvartlidan, msoflio bankis finansuri mxardaWeriTa da kanadis statistikis departamentis daxmarebiT. 1998-1999 wlebSi ssd-i awarmoebda samuSao Zalis gamokvlevas, Sso-sa da gaeros ganviTarebis programis daxmarebiT da im periodis monacemebi eyrdnoba samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis monacemebs (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). 2 Sso -s ganmartebis Tanaxmad, dasaqmebulad iTvleba is, vinc ganxilvis periodSi (erTi kvira) Tundac erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda. 50 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa ssd- s gaerTianebuli gamokvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, Sso-s “mkacri” meTodiT gaangariSebuli erovnuli umuSevrobis done, 2004 wlis pirveli kvartlis mdgomareobiT (bolo xelmisawvdomi monacemebiT), wina welTan SedarebiT, daeca 0,5 procentuli punqtiT 13 procentamde, xolo “Serbilebuli” meTodiT gaangariSebuli umuSevrobis done - 0,7 procentuli punqtiT da 16,4 procenti Seadgina. maSasadame, am ori meTodiT gaangariSebul umuSevrobis doneebs Soris arsebuli sxvaoba, wina welTan SedarebiT, Semcirda, Tumca Zalian umniSvnelod. tendencia, romelic ukanasknel periodSi gamovlinda, migvaniSnebs samuSaos aqtiur maZiebelTa ricxvis zrdaze, anu maT dabrunebaze samuSao Zalis rigebSi. maSin roca calkeuli SemTxvevebi ar miuTiTebs Sromis bazarze samuSaos Sovnis SesaZleblobebis ramdenadme mniSvnelovan gaumjobesebaze, aSkaraa, rom umuSevarTa mxridan samuSaos Sovnis ufro didi imedi da axali molodinebi iyo, rac zemoT ganxilul maCveneblebSi aisaxa. amavdroulad, yofili saxelmwifo moxeleebi, romelTac samuSao dakarges bolo periodSi mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli restruqturizaciis Sedegad, samuSaos aqtiuri maZieblebi unda gamxdariyvnen iseve, rogorc yofili TviTdasaqmebuli movaWreebi, romlebic Tbilisis mTavari bazris mimdebare quCa ze vaWrobdnen da romelTac TavianTi saqmianoba unda daekanonebinaT an Tavi daenebebinaT misTvis. umuSevrobis done, 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, iseve rogorc mTeli 2003 wlis manZilze, ufro dabali iyo, vidre wina wels, samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti ki odnav maRali, rac niSnavs rom samuSaos aqtiuri maZiebeli meti iyo da, rom Sesabamisad isini samuSao Zalas daubrundnen. moyvanili monacemebis safuZvelze SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom marTalia ekonomikurma mdgomareobam ubiZga zogierT maTgans, vinc adre samuSao Zalis miRma imyofeboda, ecadaT dabrunebodnen Sromis bazarze, magram warmatebas bevrma ver miaRwia. Tumca, Tu ufro dabali umuSevrobis done gamowveuli iyo ara teqnikuri cvlilebebiT, romlebic ganpirobebuli iyo mxolod 2003 wels ganxorcielebuli gaerTianebuli gamokvlevis axali meTodiT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, umniSvnelod, magram mainc gaumjobesda. rom saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 dasaqmebis mdgomareoba Tundac 51 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, 2000 w. I kv. – 2004 w. I kv. (aTasi kaci) 2002 w. I kv. sul, 15 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1) ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2) dasaqmebuli daqiravebuli TviT-dasaqmebuli umuSevari (1) umuSevari (2) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (1) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (2) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2) samuSao Zalis monawileobis samuSao Zalis monawileobis TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian koeficienti (1) koeficienti (2) samuSao ZalaSi dasaqmebaSi II kv. 2003 w. III kv. IV kv. I kv. II kv. 2004 w. III kv. Q IV I kv. 3, 016 3, 033 3, 021 2, 971 3, 082 3, 060 3, 132 3, 134 3, 143 1, 912 1, 983 2, 003 1, 945 1, 941 2, 037 2, 120 2, 103 2, 007 1, 983 2, 036 2, 063 2, 015 2, 025 2, 095 2, 170 2, 160 2, 089 1, 659 625 1, 028 1, 742 598 1, 141 1, 768 597 1, 168 1, 713 607 1, 102 1, 679 594 1, 083 1, 805 604 1, 200 1, 897 640 1, 255 1, 877 637 1, 240 1, 746 620 1, 125 254 324 1,103 1,033 13.3 16.3 241 294 1,050 997 12.1 14.4 236 296 1,017 957 11.8 14.3 232 303 1,026 956 11.9 15.0 262 345 1,141 1,057 13.5 17.1 233 290 1,023 965 11.4 13.9 223 273 1,002 952 10.5 12.9 226 283 1, 028 971 10.7 13.1 260 342 1, 130 1,047 13.0 16.4 63.4 65.7 53.7 62.0 65.4 67.1 57.5 65.5 66.3 68.3 58.3 66.1 65.5 67.8 56.6 64.3 63.0 65.7 55.8 64.5 66.6 68.5 58.9 66.5 67.7 69.3 59.2 66.2 67.1 68.9 59.0 66.1 63.9 66.5 56.1 64.4 wyaro: ssd -s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi SeniSvna: (1 ) Sso -s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT), "imedgacruebul" muSakTa ricxvis gareSe (2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT, "imedgacruebul" muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT • sem-is am gamocemaze muSaobis dros, monacemebi 2004 wlis I kvartlisTvis bolo xelmisawvdomi monacemebi iyo. • ufro detaluri cxrili da 1998-2002 w.w. cifrebi ixileT statistikuri danarTis cxrilSi A7.1.1 da A7.1.2 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti, wliur gamosaxulebaSi, 0,9 procentuli punqtiT gaizarda 63,9 procentamde. es sakmaod maRali maCvenebelia sezonur faqtors Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, Tumca igi Seesabameba gasul wlebSi dafiqsirebul tendencias. mzardi monawileobis koeficienti, Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobaSi demografiuli cvlilebebis garda, SeiZleba sxvadasxva procesebis amsaxveli iyos: rodesac ojaxSi ukiduresad mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareoba ubiZgebs samuSao Zalis miRma darCenil adamianebs daiwyon samuSaos Zebna, rodesac Sromis bazarze samuSaos Sovnis ukeTesi perspeqtivebi warmoiSveba, rac gavlenas axdens yofili “imedgacruebuli” muSakebis gadawyvetilebaze kvlav CaerTon samuSaos aqtiurad Zebnis procesSi, an rodesac orive faqtori monawileobs. erTis mxriv, 2003 wlisa da 2004 wlis pirveli kvartlisaTvis odnav gaumjobesebul umuSevrobis maCveneblebs (ix. zemoT moyvanili cxrili), xolo meores mxriv SinameurneobaTa xangrZlivad ukiduresad mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobis damadasturebel magaliTebs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti gaizarda orive zemoaRniSnuli faqtoris gamo. da bolos, is faqti, rom simboluri pensiebisa da sapensio davalianebebis gamo pensionerebi iZulebuli arian nebismieri samuSaoTi dakavdnen, rasac ki iSovian, aseve xels uwyobs monawileobis koeficientis zrdas da umuSevrobis maCveneblis klebas, Tundac umniSvnelod. damkvidrebuli tendenciisamebr, 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, qalaqad umuSevrobis done Zalze gansxvavdeboda soflad umuSevrobis donisagan: qalaqad es maCvenebeli iyo 22,7 da 26,6 arocenti, Sesabamisad, “mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT (TbilisSi, Sesabamisad, 25,4 da 28,0 procenti). soflad umuSevrobis 52 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa done, rogorc yovelTvis, bevrad dabali iyo , vidre qalaqad da erovnuli maCveneblebi ararealurad iyo warmodgenili – 5,7 procenti Sso-s “mkacri” meTodiT da 8,6 procenti Sso-s “Serbilebuli” meTodiT. dasaqmebis Sesaxeb arsebuli kanoni, xels uwyobs soflad da, aseve mTlianad qveyanaSi, dasaqmebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb mcdari warmodgenis Seqmnas. imis gamo rom, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis 1 a n meti heqtaris mflobeli da misi ojaxis wevrebi dasaqmebulad iTvlebian, soflis macxovrebelTa umetesoba avtomaturad gamoiricxeba umuSevarTa kategoriidan. amasTan, soflis bevri macxovrebeli dakavebulia saojaxo sawarmoSi, sadac usasyidloT muSaobs da TviTdasaqmebulad iTvleba – anu miekuTvneba im kategorias, romelic mTliani dasaqmebis udides nawils Seadgens. amgvarad, es iwvevs rogorc soflad, aseve mTlianad qveyanaSi, umuSevrobis maCveneblebis xelovnurad Semcirebas, monawileobis koeficientis zrdasa da Sromis bazarze saerTo mdgomareobis arasworad asaxvas. sinamdvileSi, Tu miwis nakveTi Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens soflad SinameurneobaTa umetesobis aTvis da maT saarsebo minimumiT uzrunvelyofs, soflis bevri macxovrebeli, gansakuTrebiT isini, vinc arc Tu ise didi nakveTis mflobelia da visac saSualeba ara aqvs daamuSaos sakuTari nakveTi, Zlivs axerxebs Tavis rCenas. rodesac saubaria imaze, rom saflad umuSevrobis done, Cveulebriv, ufro dabalia, vidre qalaqad (amJamad oTxjer) da mTlianad qveyanaSi (2-jer ufro metad), aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom soflad umuSevarTa naxevarze meti miekuTvneba “imedgacruebul” muSakTa kategorias, rac niSnavs, rom soflis macxovrebelTa umetesoba, romelTac arc samuSao gaaCniaT da arc sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli, uimedobis gamo, samuSaos arc ki eZeben. soflad mosaxleobis udidesi nawili xandazmulebi arian, xolo axalgazrdebi samuSaos saZebnelad qalaqSi miemarTebian. maSin, roca zogierTi maTgani axerxebs samuSaos Sovnas da zogjer sofelSi naTesavebsac ki exmareba, sxvebi qalaqad umuSevarTa ricxvs ematebian. qalaqad “imedgacruebul” muSakTa raodenoba aseve aRemateba qalaqad umuSevarTa maCvenebels da, Tu zogierTi soflis macxovrebeli Zlivs axerxebs Tavis rCenas, qalaqad “imedgacruebul” umuSevrebs Semosavali saerTod ar gaaCniaT. rogorc wesi, umuSevarTa mxolod mcire nawili iwuxebs Tavs registraciis gavliT: 2004 wlis pirveli kvartlis mdgomareobiT, registrirebulma umuSevrobam (49,400 aTasi umuSevari) “mkacri” standartiT gaangariSebuli umuSevrobis donis 19 procenti da 2004 wlis meore kvartlis mdgomareobiT, “Serbilebuli” standartiT gaangariSebuli umuSevrobis donis 14 procenti Seadgina (53,400 aTasi umuSevari). maSin roca umuSevarTa umravlesoba, TveSi 14 laris umuSevrobis Semweobis misaRebad, registraciis proceduris gavliT Tavs ar iwuxebs, SesaZloa, rom zogierTi registrirebuli umuSevari araoficialuri saqmianobiTaa dakavebuli. maSasadame, es maCvenebeli naklebad saimedoa. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom monawileobis koeficientebi, wina welTan SedarebiT, odnav gaizarda, umuSevrobis donis maCveneblebis mcireodeni vardna namdvilad imis mauwyebelia, rom Sromis bazris mdgomareobaSi, Tumdac umniSvnelo, magram mainc gaumjoebesebis tendenciebi ikveTeba. marTalia es TavisTavad kargi niSania, radgan es dasaqmebis perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT ukeTesi perspeqtivis momaswavebelia, mainc xangrZlivi umuSevrobis problemis mogvarebaze saubari jer -jerobiT saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 53 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa naadrevia. amasTan, moyvanili cifrebis m iRma rCeba iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa arasrulad dasaqmebisa da dabali anazRaurebis xSiri SemTxvevebi, soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebis Warbi wili da sapensio asakis muSakTa didi ricxv i, romlebic iZulebulni arian imuSaon TavianTi momatebuli, magram m ainc Zalzed dabali, pensiebis kompensirebisaTvis. Tu ki optimisturi tendencia SenarCundeba, samuSaos maZiebelTa imedebi Sromis bazarze meti samuSao adgilebiT unda gamyardes. maSin, rodesac umuSevrebi ar arian daculi umuSevrobis sadazRvevo programebiT an nebismieri sxva formis daxmarebiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs Tundac saarsebo minimums, umuSevrebi, rogorc ekonomikuri, aseve socialuri TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebuli riskis winaSe dgebian. umuSevrobis xangrZliv periods moaqvs ara mxolod Semosavlis dakargva, aramed igi amcirebs aseTi samuSaos maZiebelTa dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas. xangrZlivi umuSevroba grZeldeba da samuSaos gareSe yofnis Sedegad umuSevrebi kargaven kvalifikacias da maTTvis naklebad xelmisawvdomi xdeba informacia samuSao adgilebis Sesaxeb. igi xels uwyobs siRaribis zrdas da Sedegad mohyveba socialuri izolacia da gariyva. aRniSnuli xangrZlivi da seriozuli problemis rogorc ekonomikur, aseve socialur aspeqtebs uzarmazari mniSvneloba aqvs da moiTxovs specialuri RonisZiebebisa da programebis ganxorcielebas, romlebic gamiznuli iqneba xangrZlivi umuSevrebis dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis amaRlebaze da maT dabrunebaze Sromis bazarze. dasaqmeba formalur seqtorSi Senelebulma zrdam da samuSao adgile bis naklebobam asaxva hpova xelfasze momuSave muSakTa ricxvis klebasa da TviTdasaqmebis wilis (umetesad araformalur seqtorSi) da saojaxo sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSaveTa ricxvis matebaSi. rogorc dasaqmebaSi, aseve samuSao ZalaSi kvlavac TviTdasaqmeba Warbobs, romlis wiladac 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, pirvelis 64,4 procenti, xolo meoris 56,1 procenti modioda TviTdasaqmebaSi, romelSic Tavis mxriv, Warbobs TviTdasaqmeba soflis meurneobaSi (2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi - 80 procenti). TviTdasaqmeba soflis meurneobaSi umeteswilad winaswar gansazRvruli statusia, radgan, rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis farTobis 1 heqtaris mflobeli da misi ojaxis wevrebi, dasaqmebis Sesaxeb kanonSi mocemuli ganmartebis safuZvelze, TviTdasaqmebulad iTvlebian. Tumca, vi naidan miwis nakveTi bevri ojaxisTvis, gansakuTrebiT soflad, ZiriTad saarsebo wyaros warmoadgens, sakamaTo sakiTxad rCeba is, sakmarisia Tu ara 1 heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli, raTa uzrunvelyos saSualo oTxsuliani ojaxi saarsebo minimumiT mainc. bevri aseTi TviTdasaqmebuli soflis meurneobis seqtorSi, siRaribis zRvarzea. miuxedavad amisa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom umuSevrebsa da arasrulad dasaqmebulebs qalaqad saerTod ara aqvT miwis nakveTi, romelsac daamuSavebdnen, unda vivaraudoT, rom siRaribis mxriv, isini gacilebiT uares mdgomareobaSi imyofebian, vidre Tvi Tdsaqmebulebi soflad. maSin roca soflad siRaribe ufro fuladi Semosavlebis naklebobas ukavSirdeba, qalaqad siRaribe ZiriTadad arasakmaris kvebaSi gamoixateba. 54 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa TviTdasaqmebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic 1999 wlidan aRmavlobis tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda da ukve ori welia, stabiluri rCeba, daqiravebiT dasaqmebis wili klebulobs, rac ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia imiT, rom biznesisTvis araxelsayreli garemos gamo kerZo seqtorSi samuSao adgilebi arasakmarisi odenobiT iqmneba da, aseve saxelmwifo seqtoris SemcirebiT, romlis wiladac 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi kvlavac modioda daqiravebiT dasaqmebis 67,5 procentze meti. yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT da saxelmwifo moxeleTa saStato Semcirebebis fonze, daqiravebiT dasaqmebis maCveneblebi kvlavac moulodnelad maRalia: xelfasze momuSaveTa wilma saerTo dasaqmebaSi 35,5 procenti Seadgina. daqiravebiT dasaqmeba mainc ZiriTadad ganixileba , rogorc tradiciuli “mudmivi dasaqmeba” miuxedavad imisa, rom calkeuli SemTxvevebis mixe dviT, bevri daqiravebuli muSaki, gansakuTrebiT ki saxelmwifo seqtorSi, sadac metwilad dabali xelfasebia, savaraudod, aseve dakavebuli iyo TviTdasaqmebiT an meoradi saqmianobis saxiT, sxva alternatiuli dasaqmebiT, ZiriTadad araformalur seqtorSi. vinaidan stabiluri ganakveTis samuSao adgilebs ZiriTad mainc saxelmwifo seqtori uzrunvelyofda da saxelmwifo moxeleebs aRniSnuli samuSao adgilebis naxevarze meti e kava, daqiravebiT dasaqmebis klebis tendencia savaraudod axlo momavalSi mainc gagrZeldeba. mTavrobis mier saxelmwifo organizaciaTa Semdgom restruqturizaciasTan dakavSirebul saStato Semcirebebs, savaraudod, saxelmwifo moxeleTa mier kidev ufro meti adgilebis dakargva mohyveba, romlis kompensacia sxva seqtorebSi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis xarjze unda moxdes. aqtiuri dasaqmebis politika, romelic moicavs kadrebis momzadeba- gadamzadebas da sxva specialur RonisZiebebs, saWiro iqneba im yofili saxelmwifo moxeleebis samuSao adgilebiT uzrunvelsayofad, romlebic ver moaxerxeben dasaqmebas kerZo seqtorSi, umTavresad Sromis bazris mkacr pirobebSi maTi dabali konkurentunarianobis gamo. TviTdasaqmebis Warbi wili miuTiTebs iseT viTarebaze Sromis bazarze, sadac matulobs im adamianTa ricxvi, vinc umuSevaria an dakavebulia mcireSemosavliani, naklebad seqtorSi. produqtiuli da arastabiluri saqmianobiT, umetesad araformalur ssd -s SinameurneobaTa gaerTianebuli kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom dasaqmebulTa sul mcire 56,5 procenti momuSave R aribebi arian da aqedan 26 procenti soflad ojaxur sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSaveebze modis (r omlebic TviTdasaqmebulebad iTvlebian), TiTqmis 18 procenti sabiujeto organizaciebis muSakebze da kidev 12,5 procenti arasoflis meurneobaSi individualurad momuSave TviTdasaqmebulebze. farTod gavrcelebuli arasruli ganakveTiT dasaqmeba (metwilad iZulebiTi) miuTiTebs imaze, Tu rogor cdiloben adamianebi moergon samuSao Zalaze dabal moTxovnas da stabiluri samuSaos xelmiuwvdomlobis gamo, arCeven dasjerdnen moklevadiani xelSekrulebebis pirobebs. gardamaval periodSi dasaqmebis modelebi icvleba: ikveTeba arasruli ganakveTiT da droebiTi kontraqtebis safuZvelze dasaqmebis tendencia. e.w. “garedan mowveuli jgufebi”, saagentos an firmis droebiTi muSakebisa da subkontraqtorebis CaTvliT, anu moklevadiani kontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebuli muSakebi, daqiravebiT dasaqmebis sakmaod mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgenen, rac samuSao Zalis arasrulad gamoyenebis maCvenebelia. dasaqmebis SesaZleblobaTa TvalsazrisiT, arasruli ganakveTiT momuSaveebi ufro daucvelni saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 55 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa arian karieris susti perspeqtivebisa da Sromis bazarze dabali konkurentu narianobis gamo da anazRaurebis, upiratesobebis, daculobisa da samuSao adgilze profesiuli momzadebis mxriv. nax. 7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2004 w. I kv. samuSao Zalis gareT, 36% saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli, 13% kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli, 6% TviTdasaqmebuli, 36% umuSevari, 8% wyaro: ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi SeniSvna: samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobis wili mocemulia Sefasebis mixedviT, anu “imedgacruebul” muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT Sso -s “mkacri” standartiT Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis saerTo modeli bolo wlebis manZilze, ZiriTadad, stabiluri iyo. aRniSnuli modelis mixedviT, 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobis umetesoba ekonomikuri mdgomareobis safuZvelze or udides jgufad daiyo: TviTdasaqmebulebi - 39 procenti da samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili muSakebi - 34 p r o c e n t i (ix. zemoT moyvanili nax.7.1). sul 42 procenti iyo umuSevari (samuSao Zali miRma darCenilebi da umuSevrebi). saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa wili o rjer ufro metad aRemateboda kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa wils da TviTdasaqmebuli TiTqmis orjer meti iyo, vidre xelfasze momuSave. samuSao adgilebis Semcirebas adgili aqvs ara mxolod kerZo seqtorSi, rac kerZo biznesis arastabilurobis amsaxvelia, aramed aseve saxelmwifo seqtorSic. savaraudoa, rom kerZo seqtorSi bevri samuSao adgili, msxvili kerZo kompaniebis gamoklebiT, daucveli, arastabiluri da dabalanazRaurebadia da aseve savaraudoa, rom bevri aseTi samuSao adgili araformalur seqtorSia. amave dros, saxelmwifo seqtoris muSakTa didi umravlesoba saxelmwifo samoqalaqo moxeleebi iyvnen (74 procentze meti) da, Tumca rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, garkveuli sakadro reformebi ukve ganxorcielda, maTi ricxvi savaraudod kidev unda Semcirdes. maSin roca maRalCinosani saxelmwifo moxeleebis xelfasebi mkveTrad gaizarda, saxelmwifo moxaleTa umetesobas kvlavac dabali xelfasebi aqvs da ojaxe bis Semosavlis miRebis gzebi gamonaxon. 56 sarCenad iZulebuli arian damatebiTi saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa iqmneba. samuSao adgilebis umetesoba, gansakuTrebiT qalaqad, araformalur seqtorSi araformalur seqtori, romelSic, iseve rogorc mTlianad ekonomikaSi, dominirebs arstabiluri TviTdasaqmeba, warmodgenilia mciremasStabiani saqmianobiT, romelic metwilad ar aris cnobili, aRricxuli da daregulirebuli. arasrulad dasaqmeba, faruli da SeniRbuli umuSevroba farTodaa gavrcelebuli. dasaqmebulTa umetesoba dakavebulia Sromis bazris dabalanazRaurebad da daucvel segmentebSi, sadac cudi samuSao pirobebia Seqmnili. stabiluri, grZelvadiani, sruli ganakveTis samuSao adgilebi iSviaTobas warmoadgens rogorc formalur, aseve araformalur seqtorSic. xangrZlivi umuSevroba aferxebs samuSao Zalis ricxvis zrdas da Sesabamisad, umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli maCvenebelic realurze dabalia. ekonomikuri mdgomareobis maCveneblebi srulad ver asaxaven realuri viTarebis mTel simwvaves imis gamo, rom Sso-s umuSevarTa r icxvis gaangariSebis meTodi ugulvelyofs Sromis anazRaurebis odenobasa da mis Sesabamisobas saarsebo minimumTan. donori organizaciebis mier axali mTavrobisaTvis gansaxilvelad warmodgenili ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da siRaribis daZlevis programa mTavar amocanebs Soris iTvaliswinebs siRaribis daZlevas ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobis xarjze, rasac axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna mohyveba. xelfasebi ssd- s SinameurneobaTa gaerTianebuli kvlevis monacemTa Tanaxmad, 200 4 wlis 3 pirvel kvartalSi , daqiravebul muSakTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi, mTeli qveynis masStabiT, 112,9 lari iyo. wlis ganmavlobaSi saSualo wliuri xelfasis wili oTxsuliani ojaxis saarsebo minimumSi daaxloebiT 49 procents Seadgenda. Sinameurneobis fuladi Semosavlis anazRaurebis wili 36 procenti iyo, xolo Sinameurneobis mTlian SemosavalSi 24 procentamde Seadgenda. 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi sabiujeto organizaciebis4 muSakTa (muSakTa saerTo ricxvis 50 procentze meti) xelfasi, TveSi, saSualod, 76,4 lars Seadgenda. 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi saxelmwifo sawarmoebisa da dawesebulebebis muSak Ta (daqiravebul muSakTa 17 procentze met i) saSualo xelfasi TveSi 130 lars Seadgenda. kerZo seqtoris muSakTa (muSakTa 28 procentamde) Tviuri anazRaureba, saSualod, 145,6 lari iyo. ucxouri organizaciebisa da erToblivi sawarmos muSakTa (daqiravebul muSakTa 4,6 procenti) Tviuri xelfasi saSualod 245,5 lars Seadgenda. saxelmwifo seqtoris muSakTa xelfasebi (daqiravebul muSakTa 67,5 procenti), iseve rogorc kerZo seqtoris muSakTa didi nawilis anazRaureba, kvlavac bevrad Camouvardeba saarse bo minimums. maSin, roca qalaqad daqiravebiT dasaqmeba 3 sem-is am gamocemaze muSaobis dros, SinameurneobaTa gaerTianebuli kvlevis monacemebi 2004 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis bolo xelmisawvdomi monacemebi iyo. 4 sabiujeto organizacia ewodeba saxelmwifo organizacias, romlis dafinanseba saxelmwifo biujetis subsidiebiT xdeba. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 57 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis mTavar wyarod rCeba, igi iseTive arastabiluria, rogorc qveyanaSi SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis nebismieri sxva wyaro. xelfasis gadauxdelobis SemTxvevebi mainc arsebobs, rac iwvevs sabiujeto davalianebis dagrovebas. amas em ateba isic, rom mzardi sfi-sa da inflaciis gamo, xelfasebi mxolod nominalur gamosaxulebaSi izrdeba. minimaluri saarsebo done ssd- s Tanaxmad, 90- iani wlebis dasawyisSi SemoRebuli Zveli meTodis safuZvelze gaangariSebuli "oficialuri" saarsebo minimumi, 2004 wlis pirvel kvartalSi Seadgenda 118,9 lars saSualo momxmareblisTvis, 135,5 lars momuSave kacisTvis da 235,8 lars saSualo oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis (2004 wlis meore kvartalSi, Sesabamisad 117, 133,3 da 232 lari). ssd- s ukve didi xania mzad aqvs saarsebo minimumis donis gaangariSebis axali meTodi, romelsac igi am ukanasknel 5 dromde aqveynebda rogorc "alternatiul" saarsebo minimums . Tumca, aRniSnuli meTodebidan romeli ukeT asaxavs realur kalaTas, romelic mizanSewonil saarsebo minimums uzrunvelyofs, SeiZleba sakamaTo sakiTxi iyos. axali "alternatiuli" meTodis safuZvelze gaangariSebuli minimaluri saarsebo doneebi ufro axlosaa qveyanaSi saSualo xelfasis doneebTan, anu "oficialur" doneze bevrad dabalia. rogorc ssd-s gaerTianebuli kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, 200 4 wlis pirvel kvartalSi qveynis masStabiT daqiravebul muSakTa mxolod 4,6 procentis (ucxouri organizaciebis an erToblivi sawarmoebis muSakTa) anazRaureba aRemateboda oTxsuliani ojaxis saarsebo minimums. momuSave kacisTvis saarsebo minimumze maRali xelfasebi hqonda daqiravebul muSakTa TiTqmis 33 procents (kerZo sawarmoebis, ucxouri organizaciebisa da “sxva” kategoriis muSakebs) da, zemoaRniSnuli 33 procentis garda, kidev 17 procents (saxelmwifo sawarmoebis muSkebs), anu 50 procentis anazRaureba aRemateboda saarsebo minimums saSualo momxmareblisTvis (anu aramomuSave momxmareblisTvis). daqiravebul muSakTa kidev 50 procentis (romlebic Sedgeba saxelmwifo moxeleebisgan) saSualo Tviuri anazRaureba aRniSnul donesac ki bevrad Camouvardeboda da qveynis masStabiT Tanabari ganakveTis pensiebma saSualo momxmareblisTvis aRniSnuli donis TiTqmis 17 procenti Seadgina. oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis TveSi daaxloebiT 235,8 lariT Tavis rCena ioli amocana ar aris. Tumca zemoTqmulisa da praqtikuli dakvirvebis Tanaxmad, arsebobs bevri iseTi ojaxi, romelic aRniSnulze bevrad naklebi TanxiT irCens Tavs, gansakuTrebiT isini, visac mxolod erTi marCenali hyavs. amave dros, oTxsuliani ojaxic, sadac mxolod erTi wevri muSaobs, danarCenebi ki mis kmayofaze arian, yvelaze gaWirvebul ojaxTa kategorias ar miekuTvneba da, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba ar ekuTvnis (ix. qvemoT), vinaidan am kategoriaSi mosaxvedrad, ojaxi unda Sedgebodes mxolod umuSevari pensionerebisa da/an oboli bavSvebisgan. cxadia, aRniSnuli problema unda mogvardes iseve, rogorc sxva 5 1999 wlis agvistoSi mTavrobis mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba "gaangariSebis meTodSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da minimaluri saarsebo donis gadaangariSebis" Taobaze da agreTve SemuSavda prezidentis dadgenilebis proeqti "saarsebo minimumis gansazRvrisa da gamoyenebis" Sesaxeb da mas Semdeg, aranairi nabijebi gadadgmuli ar yofila. 58 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa problemebi, romlebic prioritetebis nusxaSia da, gansakuTrebiT, meti dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofiT. socialuri politika da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema modis, vinaidan saqarTvelos ekonomikis udidesi nawili araformalur mosaxleobis udides nawils, araformaluri seqtoris seqtorze muSakTa, TviTdasaqmebulTa da umuSevarTa CaTvliT, iseve rogorc maTi ojaxis wevrebs, saerTod aranairi socialuri dacva ar gaaCniaT da daxmareba, romelsac socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema iTvaliswinebs, mxolod simboluria. saxelmwifo socialuri dacvis sistema Zireul restruqturizacias saWiroebs imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas ekonomikurad sicocxlisunariani, xelmisawvdomi da Tanabari socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs siRaribis warmatebiT daZlevas, da gansakuTrebiT, yvelaze gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis daxmarebas. araadeqvaturi sapensio daxmarebis pirobebSi, xandazmul asakSi myofi mosaxleobis siRaribis daZlevis problema metad mniSvnelovania. socialuri politika da reformebi mTavrobis mTavar prioritetebs Sorisaa. amJamad, socialurad daucveli mosaxleobisTvis socialuri daxmarebis sami mTavari forma arsebobs (konkretuli j andacvis programebis garda): saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba, umuSevrobis Semweoba da Tanabari ganakveTis pensiebi. saxelwifo socialuri daxmareba socialurad daucveli ojaxebisTvis mimarTulia ojaxebze, romlebic Sedgeba mxolod da mxolod "gaWirvebuli aramomuSave pensionerebisgan" an oboli bavSvebisagan, an invalidi bavSvebisa da Sromisuunaro wevrebisagan, da mravalSvilian ojaxebze, romelTac 7 da meti Svili hyavT. faqtobrivad, es daxmareba warmoadgens erTgvar damatebas, romelic yvelaze Raribi xandazmuli mosaxleobis nawilma simbolur pensiebTan erTad unda miiRos da mcireoden bavSvTa daxmarebas yvelaze Rataki ojaxebisTvis. saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba Sesabamisi erTsuliani ojaxisaTvis an TiToeuli meurveobaSi myofi oboli bavSvisTvis 22 lars, xolo 2 da metwevriani pensioneris ojaxisaTvis da mravalSviliani ojaxebisaTvis, romelTac minimum 7 Svili yavT, 35 lars Seadgens. standartuli Tviuri umuSevrobis Semweoba, romelic registrirebuli umuSevrobis pirveli eqvsi Tvis manZilze gaicema, dafiqsirda 14 larze umuSevrobis mTeli periodisaTvis. am daxmarebis mimRebTa statusis misaRebad, umuSevarma unda gaiaros registracia da Sesabamisad, unda iqonios formalur seqtorSi muSaobis garkveuli staJi. amis Sedegad, im umuSevarTa ricxvi, romelic Tavs iwuxebs registraciis gavliT, Cveulebriv, realurze bevrad dabalia da Sesabamisad, daxmarebis mimRebTa ricxvi umniSvneloa. prezidentis a.w. 28 agvistos gankarguleba “umuSevarTa socialuri uzrunvelyofis damatebiTi zomebis Sesaxeb” iTvaliswinebs umuSevrobis Semweobis gazrdas 20 laramde. sapensio sistema saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 59 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa moqmedi pay-as-you-go saxelmwifo sapensio sistemis Tanaxmad, fiqsirebuli ganakveTis xandazmulobis pensia, romelsac qveyanaSi pensionerTa umetesoba iRebs, ar iTvaliswinebs arc samuSao staJs da arc xelfasis odenobas da TveSi 18 lars Seadgens (daaxloebiT 10 aSS dolari), erTis mxriv susti stimulia gadasaxadebis gadaxdisTvis da meores mxriv, bevrad Camouvardeba saarsebo minimumis dones (saSualo momxmareblis oficialuri saarsebo minimumis daaxloebiT 15 procents). 2003 wlis aprilidan, TbilisSi pensionerebi damatebiT 3 l a r s iReben qalaqis biujetidan. 2004 wlis maisSi, sapensio ganakveTi 14-dan 18 laramde gaizarda qveynis masStabiT; aqedan 14 lari fiqsirebuli ganakveTis sapensio daxmarebis ZiriTadi nawilia da kidev 4 lari gaTvaliswinebulia wina periodSi dagrovebuli sapensio davalianebis dasafaravad. (Sesabamisad, TbilisSi pensionerebi 21 lars Rebuloben). Pay-as-you -go saxelmwifo sapensio sistema sapensio asakis mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis, didi xania mTeli rigi problemebis winaSe dgas. mwiri sagadasaxado bazis, araformaluri seqtoris didi masStabebis, gadasaxadebis mudmivad arasrulad Segrovebisa da maTi gadaxdisgan Tavis aridebis pirobebSi, pensiebis dafinanseba xelf asis dabegvridan Semosuli Tanxis xarjze 6 ver xerxdeba da sistema, ukve ramodenime welia, agrZelebs davalianebis dagrovebas. gardamavali periodis ekonomikis pirobebSi, saxelmwifo sapensio sistema, romelic sabWouri warsulis gadmonaSTs warmoadgens, didi xania araqmediTunariani da gadaxdisuunaro aRmoCnda. imis gamo, rom PAYG- is (pay-as -you-go) sapensio damokidebulia gadasaxadebis Segrovebis doneze, sistema mTlianad misi gamarTulad funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli winapirobebis Seqmna iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac sagadasaxado baza klebulobs da gadasaxadebisTvis gverdis avla da maTi damalva farTodaa gavrcelebuli, rTuli amocanaa. damokidebulebis koeficienti7 metismetad dabalia - 1:1.4, rac daqiravebul muSakTa ricxvis klebisa da ekonomikis araformaluri seqtoris zrdis amsaxvelia, ris Sedegadac fondSi Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa ricxvi ukiduresad mcirea. dabali xelfasebi da mimdinare Sesatanebsa da momavalSi misaReb daxmarebebs Soris kavSiris ararseboba da xelfasidan gadasaxadis SedarebiT maRali ganakveTi susti stimulia muSakebisTvis socialuri gadasaxadis gadasaxdelad. kanonis aRsrulebis arasakmarisi done da jer k idev farTod gavrcelebuli korufcia xels uwyobs muSakTa mier gadasaxadebisgan Tavis aridebas. moqmedi PAYG- is sapensio sistema ver axerxebs Tavisi ZiriTadi funqciis Sesrulebas - uzrunvelyos pensionerebi sabazo minimaluri pensiebiT. dasabegri saSualo xelfasis dabali ganakveTis gamo PAYG -is universaluri sapensio sistema dRes dabali Canacvlebis koeficientiT8 xasiaTdeba. pensionerTa umravlesobis 6 fondis Semosavals Seadgenen gadasaxadebi muSakTa xelfasebidan: sabiujeto organizaciebisTvis – nominaluri xelfasis 26 procenti, sxva tipis damqiravebeli organizaciebisTvis – 27 procenti, xolo daqiravebuli muSakisTvis – 1 procenti. 7 pensionerTa ricxvis gadamxdelTa ricxvTan procentuli Sefardeba (Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa daxmarebis mimRebTa procentuli Sefardeba). 8 da saSualo pensiis Sefardeba saSualo xelfasTan. 60 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa saSualo fiqsirebuli ganakveTis pensia daqiravebul muSakTa Tviuri xelfasis daaxloebiT 12 procents Seadgens. pensionerTa umetesobas Tavi gaaqvs ojaxis daxmarebiT an cdilobs iSovos nebismieri samuSao, romelic saarsebo minimums uzrunvelyofs. SeuZlebelia im ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri Sedegebis ugulvebelyofa, romlebic gamowveulia moqmedi sapensio sistemis krizisiT, radganac es siRaribis riskis winaSe ayenebs umweo pensionerebs, rasac Semdeg SeiZleba mohyves socialuri dezintegracia, gamijvna da gariyva. socialuri dazRveva da sapensio sistemis reforma socialuri sadazRvevo da sapensio sistemis reformis ganxorcieleba, romlis ZiriTadi mizania axali finansurad mdgradi Tanamedrove sapensio sistemis SemoReba, romelic morgebuli iqneba gardamavali ekonomikis cvalebad moTxovnebTan, u k v e dawyebulia msoflio bankisa da sxva donorebis mxardaWeriT. sapensio reformis programa iTvaliswinebs socialuri dazRvevis SemoRebasa da sapensio sistemis sadazRvevo principebze gadayvanas. zogierTi RonisZieba ukve gatarda, danarCeni ki ganxorcielebis procesSia. reforma iTvaliswinebs daxmarebis mimRebTa siebis gadamowmebis Sedegad ormagi registraciisa da daxmarebis mimRebTa yalbi siebis gauqmebas da sabolood, registrirebul pensionerTa siebis Semdgomi gadamowmebis Semdeg, personificirebuli saidentifikacio baraTebis SemoRebas. socialuri uzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondisa da saxelmwifo samedicino sadazRvevo kompaniis restruqturizaciis Sedegad, 2002 wlis dekemberSi, Seiqmna saqarTvelos socialuri dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi. 2004 wlis 20 agvistodan, fondma daiwyo pensionerTa xelaxla registracia. 2003 wlis 20 ivliss, sagazafxulo sesiis bolo dRes, specialuri wesiT, anu meore da mesame mosmeniT, parlamentma daamtkica saxelmwifo sapensio fondisa da Sromis, jandacvisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministros mier msoflio bankTan konsultaciebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli mTeli rigi kanonproeqtebisa, romlebic uzrunvelyofen sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli, socialuri sadazRvevo da axali sapensio sistemebis SemoRebisaTvis saWiro samarTlebriv bazas. es kanonproeqtebia: "savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb", "savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb" da "savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb". (aRniSnuli axlad SemoRebuli kanonebis mokle mimoxilva ix. sem is wina gamocemebSi). miuxedavad imisa, rom parlamentis mier ukve miRebulia samive kanoni, romelmac unda daareguliros socialuri dazRvevisa da savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebi, axali sapensio sistemis amuSavebas garkveuli dro dasWirdeba. mravalsafexuriani sistemis SemoRebis programa etapobrivad unda ganxorcieldes. mravalsafexuriani sistemis SemoRebamde, mniSvnelovania gamWvirvale garemos garantireba sapensio sistemaSi; Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi SemuSaveba da arsebuli normatiuli aqtebis srulyofa; saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 mimdinare sapensio gasacemlebis 61 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa regularuli gadaxdisa da dagrovebuli davalianebebis TandaTanobiT dafarvis uzrunvelyofa; personifikaciis ganxorcieleba da saidentifikacio baraTebis SemoReba; da bolos, TandaTanobiT sadazRvevo principebsa da d iferencirebul sapensio sistemaze gadasvlis uzrunvelyofa. mravalsafexurianma sapensio sistemam unda uzrunvelyos SesaZleblobaTa nairsaxeoba da arCevanis gakeTebis ufleba maTTvis, visac SesaZlebloba aqvs izrunos momaval pensiebze, personaluri pasuxismgeblobis zrdasTan da investiciebis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro danazogebis fondis SeqmnasTan erTad. Tumca, sistemis SemoRebasa da gamarTuli muSaobis uzrunvelyofas dasWirdeba dro, Zalisxmeva da investiciebi. reformis warmateba mniSvnelovanwilad damokidebuli iqneba qveyanaSi saerTo ekonomikur situaciaze da ekonomikuri zrdis tempze, iseve rogorc sakanonmdeblo reformebis procesis ganviTarebaze. dResdReobiT, kerZo sapensio sqemebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba mosaxleobis mxolod mcire nawils Tu eqneba da Tanac, grZeli gzaa gasavleli, vidre es sqemebi ndobas moipovebs maT Soris, visac amis SesaZlebloba gaaCnia. Tumca, maT, vinc endoba axal sqemebs, ukve SeuZlia izrunon 9 kerZo pensiaze . saqarTvelos pirobebSi, sadac amJamad SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi ukiduresad dabalia, kerZo sapensio sistema ver Secvlis universalur socialur sadazRvevo sistemas da mxolod da mxolod arCevans sTavazobs maT, visac SesaZlebloba aqvs gaakeTos danazogebi ufro maRali sapensio Semosavlis misaRebad. sapensio reformis gatarebis Semdeg, saxelmwifo sapensio sistemam unda uzrunvelyos pensiis mimRebTaTvis savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia da damatebis saxiT, nebayoflobiT kerZo sapensio sqemebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba. Tumca, vidre es moxdeba, socialuri gadasaxadis Segrovebisa da gadasaxadebis gadaxdis gaumjobeseba, sagadasaxado bazis gafarToeba, pensionerebisTvis sapensio davalianebebisa da pensiebis regularuli gadaxdis mniSvnelovan amocanebad rCeba uaxloesi momavlisaTvis. uzrunvelyofa yvelaze CanarTi 7.1: sapensio sqemebi: genderuli perspeqtiva ramdenad samarTliania alternatiuli sapensio sqemebi qalebsa da mamakacebTan mimarTebaSi? gansxvavebuli muSaobis staJis gamo, mamakecebisa da qalebisaTvis sapensio sistemis TiToeuli safexuri da modeli sxvadasxva Sedegis momtania. bevr qals ar gaaCnia uwyveti muSaobis staJi da muSaobis periodSi ar hqonia iseTive maRali anazRaureba rogoric mamakacebs. amis Sedegad, qalebisTvis met i sargeblis momtani iqneba universaluri saxelmwifo sapensio sistema, romelic iTvaliswinebs Tanabar an saSualebebis Semowmebaze dayrdnobiT gaTvlil pensiebs, maSin roca mamakacebs upiratesobas aZlevs 9 kanoni “arasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevis Sesaxeb” SemoRebul iqna 1998 wels. 2001 wlis maisSi daarsebuli kompania “saqarTvelos sapensio sainvesticio holdingi” (GPIH), moqmed universalur PAYG -is sapensio sistemasTan erTad, mosaxleobas aseve nebayoflobiT kerZo sapensio dazRvevas sTavazobs. 62 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa dasaqmebasa an xelfasTan Sefardebuli sapensio sqemebi. sapensio daxmareba qvrivebisaTvis amcirebs siRaribis dones qalebSi, romelTac gardacvlili meuRlis pensia eZlevaT. martoxela adamianisTvis es Cveulebriv sakmarisi ar aris, sabinao da sxva sameurneo xarjebs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT. mamakacebisgan gansxvavebiT, qalebs, profesiuli pensiebis miRebis SesaZleboba naklebad aqvT da aseT SemTxvevaSic isini ufro mcire ganakveTis pensiebs iReben, vidre mamakacebi. gansazRvruli odenobis Senatanebze dafuZnebuli sapensio sqemebis SemTxvevaSi, mamakacebs meti sargebeli aqvT vidre qalebs, ufro maRali xelfasebisa da Senatenebis xarjze. qalebisTvis ufro xelsayreli iqneboda is SemTxveva, romelic iTvaliswinebs meuRleebis Senatanebis gaerTianebas da maT Soris Semosavlebis Tanabrad gayofas. anuitetis SeZenis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu ra tipis cxrilebia daSvebuli: mamakacebsa da qalebSi: sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivobis cxrilebi Tu gaerTianebuli cxrilebi. is SemTxveva, rodesac iyeneben gaerTianebul cxrilebs, rogorc es miRebulia SeerTebul StatebSi moqmed profesiul sapensio sqemebSi, ufro momgebiania qalebisaTvis, vinaidan qalebi sicocxlis ufro didi xangrZliobiT gamoirCevian. (magram qalebisaTvis wamgebiania, rodesac sicocxlis dazRvevisaTvis iTxoven gaerTianebul cxrilebs, romelic aseve SeiZleba damqiraveblis mier iqnes uzrunvelyofili). mikromodelirebis Sedegad mopovebuli monacemebi gaerTianebul samefoSi, folkinghemisa da jonsonis mier samuSao da pensiaze gasvlis situaciebis mikromodelirebam, SesaZlebeli gaxada qalebsa da mamakacebTan mimarTebaSi alternatiuli sapensio gegmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli diferencirebuli moqmedebis Seswavla. qalebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze miRebuli anazRaurebis safuZvelze agebuli xelfasis ganawilebis sistemis qveda nawili ukaviaT, xolo mamakacebs - zeda. maSasadame, qalebisTvis, universaluri Tanabari odenobis sapensio sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs pensiebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze, orjer ufro momgebiania vidre mamakacebisTvi s, vinaidan qalebi nakleb anazRaurebas iReben (da Sesabamisad naklebi Sesatanebi SeaqvT) da imitom, rom mamakacebze met xans cocxloben , xolo rodesac sapensio sqema iTvaliswinebs pensiebis gaangariSebas Senatanebis Setanis wlebisa da odenobis safuZvelze, Sedegebi sapirispiroa. gansazRvruli odenobis Senatanebis gegmis SemTxvevaSi, romelic gadanawilebis princips xandazmuli qalebis umravlesoba siRaribeSi cxovrobs. cxadia, ar iTvaliswinebs, rom iseTi gegma, romelSic gansazRvruli odenobis Senatanebi SeTavsebulia minimalur sapensio garantiasTan qalebs ufro did sargebels aZlevs vidre mamakacebs: aseT SemTxvevaSi qalebi damatebuli Tanxis TiTqmis 90 procents iReben, rac faqtobrivad gamoricxavs siRaribes xandazmul asakSi. Semosavlis nawili ericxeba qalebs, romlebic muSaobdnen magram dabali Semosavlebi hqondaT. garkveuli nawili gaicema aseve qalebze, romelTac ar umuSaviaT da daqorwinebulebi arian mamakacebze, romelTac maRali Semosavlebi aqvT – Tu ratom surs sazogadoebas am jgufisTvis Semosavlis ganawileba gaugebaria. arsebobs sxva saSualebebi, romelic ufro dabali socialuri xarjis fasad Seamsubuqebda siRaribis mdgomareobas. magaliTad, qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris uTanabroba SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad Semcirdes iseTi politikis ganxorcielebiT, romelic daojaxebul wyvilebze iqneba gaTvlili., romelic rekomendirebulia evrokavSiris teritoriasa da amerikis bevr StatSi. Tu wyvilis muSaobis satJi da Senatanebi Tanabrad ganawildeba maT Soris, qalebis umetesobas siRaribe ar emuqreba. amiT mcirdeba damatebiTi sqemis xarji vinaidan qalTa umetesoba adeqvatur pensiebs miiRebs, Senatanebidan dafinansdeba. amis Sedegead, erToblivi romelic maTi Senatanebi da meuRleebis Semosavlis gaerTianeba erTi ojaxis farglebSi, erTgvar araformalur daz Rvevas uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 63 samuSao Zalis bazari, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa Tumca ufro naklebs, vidre did ojaxebs aqvT. ojaxebs Soris, xelfassa da sapensio SemosavalSi naklebi sxvaobaa, vidre calkeul adamianebs Soris da siRaribis aRmofxvrac ufro iolia. magram amgvari araformaluri SeTanxmeba saWiroebs formulirebas rodesac saqme exeba ganqorwinebul an daqvrivebul qalebs, xandazmul i adamianebis udides jgufs warmoadgenen. romlebic siRaribeSi myofi ra unda gakeTdes? siRaribeSi myofi qalebis dasaxmareblad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ramodenime midgoma, rogorc calcalke, aseve erTdroulad: § universaluri Tanabari ganakveTis, moTxovnilebaTa Semowmebaze dayrdnobiT gaTvlili an minimaluri ganakveTis sapensio sqema, romelic siRaribis zRvars zemoT amyofebs yvelas, muSaobis staJis miuxedavad; § § § meuRleebis erToblivi muSaobis staJisa da Senatanebis sqema; savaldebulo daxmareba meuRlis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic aRemateba wyvilis erToblivi Senatanebis Tanxis 50 procents specialuri daxmarebebi Zalze xandazmulTaTvis, romelTac sakuTari resursebi gamoleuli aqvT (ufro xSirad qalebisTvis) magram qalTa Semosavlis dazRvevis gasaumjobeseblad saukeTeso gamosavalia axalgazrda qalebisaTvis Semosavlebis gazrda, anazRaurebasa da dasaqmebaSi genderuli sxvaobiT ganpirobebuli uTanabrobis aRmofxvris xarjze – strategia, romelic uzrunvelyofs damatebiT Sedegs, saerTo samarTlianobisa da ekonomikuri zrdis TvalsazrisiT wyaro: sapensio asakis uzrunvelyofa: xandazmulTa dacvisa da ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobis politika. msoflio bankis politikuri kvlevis angariSi 64 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 Tavi merve. saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan saqarTvelos statistikis departamentis 2004 wlis ianvri-ivnisis monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos vaWrobam evrokavSiris qveynebTan (25 qveyana) Seadgina 327,6 milioni aSS dolari, rac 40,6 procentiT metia wina wlis Sesaba mis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. dolari saqarTvelos (wina saqarTveloSi wlis eqsportma Sesabamisi Seadgina 280,2 evrokavSiris periodis milioni aSS 144,9 bazarze Seadgina procenti). dolari (139,9 47,4 evropulma procenti). milioni importma saangariSo periodSi evr okavSiris wevri qveynebis wilad modis saqarTvelos sagareo savaWro brunvis 30,8 procenti, maT Soris eqsportis 15,9 procenti da importis 36,3 procenti. 2004 wlis ianvar-martSi saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro partniorebis pirvel aTeulSi Sedis evrokavSiris 3 qveyana – gaerTianebuli samefo, germania da italia, plus TurqeTi da maTi savaWro brunva Semdegnairad Camoyalibd: ixileT cxrili 8.1. cxrili 8.1 saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris 3 qveyanasTan da TurqeTTan 2004 wlis ianvari- ivnisi (aTasi aSS dolari) 2004 wlis ianvari - ivnisi eqsporti importi brunva 18125,7 83604,7 101730,4 germania 7633,0 57889,4 65522,4 italia 5355,5 33467,0 38822,4 TurqeTi 47355,9 81570,2 128926,1 sul: 78470,1 256531,3 335001,3 gaerTianebuli samefo wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 65 saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi cxrili 8.2. saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan 2004 wlis ianvari-ivnisi (aTasi aSS dolari) 2004 wlis brunva ianvari - ivnisi importi eqsporti balansi avstria 12696,1 12668,8 27,3 -12641,5 belgia 8340,7 6363,1 1977,6 -4385,4 dania 6160,7 6022,7 138,0 -5884,7 safrangeTi 35638,5 31657,6 3980,9 -27676,7 germania saberZneTi 65522,4 83272,2 57889,4 7237,2 7633,0 1090,0 -50256,4 -6147,2 irlandia italia luqsemburgi niderlandebi portugalia 952,6 896,9 55,7 -841,2 38822,5 33467,0 5355,5 -28111,5 369,9 266,6 103,3 -135,0 18613,6 13501,7 5111,9 -8389,9 992,5 986,5 6,0 -980,5 fineTi espaneTi 2722,2 4372,2 2722,2 2561,6 1810,6 -2722,2 -751,0 SvedeTi 786,9 733,0 53,9 -679,1 101730,4 83604,7 18125,7 -65478,9 gaerTianebuli samefo estoneTi 118,1 53,0 65,1 12,1 kviprosi 3887,5 3808,3 79,2 -3729,0 latvia 1849,4 1401,6 447,8 -953,8 litva malta 1759,1 391,3 1351,9 - 407,2 391,3 -944,7 391,3 poloneTi 3568,8 3458,6 110,2 -3348,4 slovakeTi 1255,3 791,4 463, 9 -327,5 slovenia 1383,0 1383,0 - -1383,0 ungreTi 4905,9 4905,9 - -4905,9 CexeTi sul 8207,1 7479,8 727,3 -6752,5 408318,9 285212,5 48161,4 -237022,6 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti cxrili 8.3 saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebTan 2004 wlis ianvari-ivnisi (aTasi aSS dolari) 2004 wlis ianvari - ivnisi brunva bulgareTi TurqeTi rumineTi sul importi eqsporti balansi 16714,6 13323,9 3390,7 -9933,3 128926,1 81570,2 47355,9 -34214,2 6282,5 5973,4 309,1 -5664,3 151923,2 100867,5 51055,7 -49811,8 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti evropis samezoblo politika da saqarTvelo xangZlivi diskusiis Semdeg 2004 wlis 14 ivniss luqsemburgSi evropis sabWom, ixelmZRvanela ra 2003 wlis 16 ivnisisa da 26 ianvris gadawyvetilebebiT da gamoxata 66 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi samxreT kavkasiaSi stabilurobis, demokratiisa da keTildReobis xelisSewyobis interesi, daeyrdno evroparlamentis, evropis komisiisa da samxreT kavkasiaSi evrokavSiris specialuri warmomadgenlis rekomendaciebs, miiRo gadawyvetileba samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis – azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa samezoblo politikaSi CarTvis Taobaze (ix. CanarTi 8.1). da somxeTis evropis aRniSnuli garemoeba xazs usvams evrokavSiris wingadadgmul nabijs samxreT kavkasiis regionTan mimarTebaSi. TiToeul qveyanas miecema Tanabari saSualeba ganaviTaros urTierTobebi evrokavSirTan da mis mimarT SemuSavebul iqneba individualuri midgoma evropis samezoblo politikis ZiriTadi principebis gaTvaliswinebiT. evropis samezoblo politika warmoadgens evrokavSiris gafarToebis gamoZaxils. politikis mizania gafarToebuli evropis mezoblebTan TanamSromlobis mniSvnelovanad gaZliereba. evropis samezoblo politika ar iTvaliswinebs evrokavSiris Semdgomi gafarToebis sakiTxebis. saqarTvelo imeds gamoTqvams, rom evropaSi axali gamyofi zolebi aRar iarsebebs da samxreT kavkasia ar darCeba evrokavSirTan daaxloebis procesebs miRma. evropis politikis mezoblebis komisiisaTvis evropis samezoblo politika warmoadgens sagareo yvelaze mniSvnelovan prioritets. igi gamoxatavs evrokavSiris mimarT gafarToebul yuradRebas. igi srulad faravs evrokavSiris partniorebTan TanamSromlobis mimarTulebebs: politikuri TanamSromloba: (demokratia da adamianis resursebi, politikuri dialogi, terorizmTan da masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis gavrcelebasTan brZola, konfliqtebis mogvarebisaken mimarTuli mcdeloba) da ekonomikuri (ekonomikuri reformebi, vaWroba, evrokavSiris Sida bazarze progresuli integracia), marTlmsajuleba da saSinao saqmeebi, infrastruqturis qseli, adamianTa kontaqtebi, sasazRvro da regionuli TanamSromloba da asocirebuli evrokavSiris daxmareba. mezoblebTan priviligirebuli urTierToba daemyareba saerTo faseulobebis mimarT yvela mxaris erTgulebas da amasTanve aRniSnuli urTierToba gansxvavebuli iqneba TiToeul qveyanasTan saWiroebis, SesaZleblobebisa donis gaTvaliswinebiT. da aRniSnul faseulobaTa gaziarebis evropis samezoblo politika, romelic daiwyo 2002 wels, 2003 wlis martis evropis komisiis pirveli mimarTviT, evrokavSirsa da partniorebSi gaaRviva mniSvnelovani interesi. misi siaxlis gamo, TviT evrokavSiris SigniT mravali kiTxva warmoiSva, arsebobda mosazreba, rom igi warmoadgenda Semdgomi gafarToebis winamorbeds, gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleTisaken, rasac SesaZlebelia safrTxe Seeqmna Sida bazris integraciisaTvis, an kidev sazRvrebis usafrTxoebas. gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleT partniorebs Soris evropis samezoblo politikam SesaZlebelia gauTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi warmoaSvas. arsebuli mimarTva pasuxobs am sakiTxvebs: evropis samezoblo politika warmoadgens grZelvadian proeqts, sadac partniorebs aqvT saSualeba dauaxlovdnen evrokavSirs, poltikuri da ekonomikuri reformebis progresis paralelurad. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 67 saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi evropis samezoblo politikis farglebSi gasaTvaliswinebelia partniorebis potenciuri SesaZlebloba: maT SeuZliaT TanamSromlobidan integraciaze gadasvla (magram ara gawevrianeba am politikis safuZvelze). evrokavSirisaTvis es ar aris qvelmoqmedeba, igi gamoxatavs sakuTar interess: sakuTari Tavisuflebis, stabilurobisa da keTildReobis gafarToebuli areali ver iqneba garantirebuli, mezobel qveynebSi stabilurobis SenarCunebis gareSe. miuxedavad imisa, rom evropis samezoblo politika ar aris pirdapir kavSirSi evrokavSiris gafarToebasTan da ar warmoadgens pirdapir gzas gawevrianebisaken, saqarTvelo ganixilavs aRniSnul politikas, rogorc evropaSi mimdinare integraciuli procesebisa da aseve evropul saxelmwifoebs Soris axlo politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli TanamSromlobis xelSemwyob Zlier meqanizms. saqarTvelosa da samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis monawileoba evropis samezoblo politikaSi friad mniSvnelovania evrokavSiris wevr qveynebTan iseTi arsebiTi mimarTulebebiT TanamSromlobis gaZlierebis kuTxiT, rogorebicaa terorizmTan, aralegalur trefikingTan, narkotikebis gavrcelebasTan, aralegalur imigraciasTan brZola da a.S. amasTanave samxreT kavkasiis CarTva evropis samezoblo politikaSi xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqtebis mSvidobian mogvarebas. evropis samezoblo politikaSi CarTvas gaaCnia rogorc politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri mniSvneloba. momavali ekonomikuri keTildReoba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad SesZlebs qveyana sakuTari ekonomikis marTvas gafarToebuli evropis WrilSi da efeqturad ganaaxlebs qveynis saeqsporto bazars. saqarTvelosaTvis mniSvnelovania ufro aqtiurad iyos CarTuli evropis transportis, energetikisa da kavSirgabmulobis qselebSi. evropis samezoblo politikis SesaZleblobebi aseve moicavs samecniero-kvleviTi saqmianobas. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovnad daaCqarebs qveynis mier kopenhagenis ekonomikuri kriteriumebis Sesrulebis SesaZleblobebs. ramodenime Tvis centraluri evropisa win adgili hqonda evrokavSiris udides gafarToebas, da xmelTaSuazrvispireTis aTi qveyna miuerTda mas. evrokavSiri yovelTvis acxadebda, rom gafarToebas eqneba mniSvnelovani sargebeli ara marto evrokavSiris Zveli da axali wevri qveynebisaTvis, aramed mTlianad msofliosaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki evrokavSiris mezoblebisaTvis. ar warmoadgens damTxvevas, rom gafarToebidan ramodenime dRis Semdeg evropis komisia gamovida konkretuli gaazrebuli mimarTviT, romelmac naTeli mohfina im garemoebas, rom evrokavSirs surs ufro mWidrod iTanamSromlos Tavis mezoblebTan da airidos axali gamyofi zolebis Camoyalibeba. evropis samezoblo politikis ZiriTadi mizania im qveynebTan ufro mWidro TanamSromloba, romlebic iziareben evrokavSiris fundementalur Sexedulebebs da faseulobebs, romlebic iTvaliswinebs ekonomikuri da politikuri TanamSromlobis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans stabilurobisa da usafrTxoebis ganviTarebaSi. aRniSnuli erTobliv faseulobebze. midgoma damyarebulia p artniorobasa da SemoTavazebuli meTodi gulisxmobs partnior qveynebTan erTad iseTi prioritetebis dasaxvas, romelTa Sesruleba daaxloebs maT evrokavSirTan. aRniSnuli 68 prioritetebi Seva erToblivad SeTanxmebul samoqmedo gegmebSi, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi romlebic Seexeba konkretuli saqmianobis rig ZiriTad sferoebs da mxardaWeril iqneba Meda, Tacis, “evropis samezoblo instrumentisa” da Sesabamisi sabiujeto instrumentebis mier : politikuri dialogi da reformebi – evropis samezoblo politikis meSveobiT mxareebi gaafarToeben da ufro efeqtians gaxdian TavianT politikur dialogs. es gulisxmobs sagareo da uSiSroebis politikis sakiTxebs, maT Soris regionul da saerT aSoriso sakiTxebs, konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebas, krizisebis marTvas, agreTve saerTo uSiSroebis sferoSi safrTxeebs. vaWroba da evrokavSiris Sida bazar i – evropis samezoblo politikis farglebSi SemoTavazebul midgomas mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri Sedegebi mohyveba, vinaidan igi iTvaliswinebs prioritetuli savaWro urTierTobebis gafarToebas da finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebis gazrdas. garda amisa, sakanonmdeblo da maregulirebeli sistemebis harmonizaciis gziT es politika mezobel qveynebs sTavazobs evrokavSiris Sida bazarze samomavlo dainteresebis perspeqtivasa da evrokavSiris rig programebSi monawileobas. saTanado yuradReba miepyroba agreTve, regional doneze wamowyebul iniciativebs. marTlmsajuleba da saSinao saqmeebi – evropis samezoblo politikis mizania gafarToebuli evrokavSiris sazRvrebze axali gamyofi zolebis warmoqmnis Tavidan acileba. sajaro dawesebulebaTa funqcionirebis gaumjobeseba administraciuli efeqtianobis maRali standartebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT evrokavSirisa da misi partniori qveynebis saerTo interess warmoadgens. TiToeul samoqmedo gegmaSi prioritetebis gansazRvra damokidebuli iqneba im konkretul sakiTxebze, romlebic yvelaze metad damaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im qveynisa da evrokavSirisaTvis. energetika – evropis samezoblo politikis umTavresi elementia m e z o bel qveynebTan energetikis sferoSi strategiuli partniorobis gaZliereba. amaSi igulisxmeba energiis miwodebis saimedooba da energetikuli usafrTxoeba. evrokavSirisaTvis kaspiis zRvis regionidan da centraluri aziidan energiis axali momwodeblis saxiT mniSvnelovan rols Seasruleben samxreT kavkasiis qveynebic. amitom ormxrivi seriozuli interesis sagans warmoadgens evrokavSirsa da mis partnior qveynebs Soris energiis miwodebis qselebis gaumjobeseba da sakanonmdeblo da maregulirebeli sistemebis harmonizeba. garda amisa, gafarToebuli TanamSromloba energetikis sferoSi warmoqmnis orive mxarisTvis xelsayrel SesaZleblobebs biznesis sferoSi da SeuZlia Tavisi wvlilic Seitanos socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebasa da garemos mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaSi. transporti – evrokavSirs a da mis mezoblebs Soris vaWrobisa da turizmis gafarToeba saWiroebs efeqtian, multimodalur da stabilur satransporto sistemebs. arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba samxreT kavkasiis qveynebTan evrokavSiris damakavSirebeli fizikuri satransporto qselebis gaumjobesebas. arsebuli iniciativebi, rogoric aris panevropuli satransporto sferoSi winsvlis stabilur safuZvels warmoadgens. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 sistemis koncefcia am 69 saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi adamianTa kontaqtebi – evropis samezoblo politikis ZiriTadi miznis miRwevis efeqtiani saSualebaa evrokavSirsa d a m i s i mezobeli qveynebis xalxTa erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, erTmaneTis kulturis, istoriis, urTierTobebis da faseulobebis gagebis xelSewyoba da araswori Sexedulebebis aRmofxvra. amgvarad, garda saxelmwifo uwyebebsa Tu sawarmoebs Soris kontaqtebisa, evropis samezoblo politika xels Seuwyobs kulturul, saganmanaTleblo da ufro zogad socialur kavSirebs evrokavSirsa da mis mezoblebs Soris. evrokavSiri, partnior qveynebTan erTad gadaxedavs samoqmedo gegmebis Sinaarss da miiRebs gadawyvetilebas maTi adaptirebis an ganaxlebis Taobaze. garda amisa, am Sefasebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia gadawyvetilebis miReba ormxrivi urTierTobebis ganviTarebaSi Semdgom nabijebTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli ormxrivi urTierTobebi SeiZleba gaformdes evropis samezoblo SeTanxmebebis saxiT. ramdenadac samoqmedo gegmebi warmoadgenen evropis samezoblo politikis ZiriTad mamoZravebel saSualebas, evropis komisiam dauyovnebliv u nda daiwyos molaparakebebi partnior qveynebTan. maT unda gansazRvron, Tu risi miRweva surT da saqarTvelo imedovnebs, rom evropis komisia droulad daiwyebs molaparakebebs samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebasTan dakavSirebiT da GEPLAC-i gauwevs mniSvnelovan daxmarebas qarTul mxares. 2004 wlis saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis bolo sam gamocemaSi ganxiluli Tavebis Sejamebisas, romlebic Seexeba evropis samezoblo politikas, mis ganviTarebasa da masSi saqarTvelos da mTlianad samxreT kavkasiis monawileobas, SesaZlebelia gamoiyos Semdegi ZiriTadi sakiTxebi: a. evropis samezoblo politika warmoadgens evropaSi mimdinare integraciuli b. g. procesebis xelSewyobis Sesabamis saSualebas. samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis evropis samezoblo iniciativaSi CarTva xels Seuwyobs maT integracias evrokavSiris struqturebTan aucileblobas warmoadgens samoqmedo gegmis swrafi SemuSaveba warsulSi arsebuli koncefciebi, rogorebicaa gaucxo eba, izolacia da Tundac mezobloba, unda Seicvalos partniorobiT, integraciiTa da procesis dasasruls gaerTianebuli evropiT d . samxreT kavkasiis regionuli TanamSromloba friad mniSvnelovania, rogorc evrokavSirisaTvis, aseve regionis samive qveynisaTvis. samxreT kavkasias mniSvnelovani roli ukavia evrokavSiris regional programebSi, rogorebicaa TRACECA da INOGATE e. v. aucileblobas warmoadgens Savi zRvis regionuli TanamSromlobis monawileoba evrokavSiris xmelTaSua zRvis politikur sqemebSi evrokavSiris amJamindeli gafarToeba uzrunvelyofs teritoriebis xelaxal gaerTianebas, romlebic erebisa da saxelmwifoebis survilebis winaarmdeg dayofil iyo, igi xels Seuwyobs mTliani evropis kontinentis usafrTxoebasa da keTildReobas z. gafarToebuli keTildReobasTan, evropis ZiriTadi konfliqtebis Tavidan gamoZaxili dakavSirebulia acilebasa da mogvarebasTan, adamianis uflebebTan, demokratiasa da sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebasTan. 70 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelo- evrokavSiris urTierTobebi erTian evropaSi mSvidobisa da keTildReobis uzrunvelyofa da evropis teritoriebze qaosis T avidan arideba warmoadgens gafarToebuli evropis mizans T. gafarToebuli evropa ukve dauaxlovda samxreT kavkasias. gafarToebis meore etapis Semdeg, bulgareTisa da rumineTis meSveobiT, saqarTvelo pirdapir iqneba dakavSirebuli am qveynebTan Savi zRvis meSveobiT. rodesac TurqeTi miwveul iqneba molaparakebis magidasTan ama wlis dekemberSi, saqarTvelo da somxeTi iwiladeben pirdapir saxmeleTo sazRvars evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis i. kandidat qveyanasTan evrokavSiris ZiriTad interesi mdgomareobs samxreT kavkasiis politikur xelmZRvanelobasTan TanamSromlobaSi da momavali perspeqtivis dasaxvaSi; dasavleT/atlantikuri aliansis gaZliereba natos meSveobiT; samxreT kavkasiis unikaluri geografiuli mdebareobis gamoyeneba terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi; azerbaijanidan gafarToebuli evropis samxreTaRmosavleT nawilTan damakavSirebeli navTobsadenis mSeneblobis dasruleba; k. kontrabandisa da narkotikebis kontroli; imisaTvis, rom samxreT kavkasia gaxdes ufro mimzidveli, unda ganxorcieldes rigi reformebisa da cvlilebebisa, magaliTad kanonis uzenaesobis gamyareba, adamianis uflebebis pativiscema, konfliqtebis mogvareba, sakanonmdeblo daaxloeba da harmonizacia evrokavSiris standartebTan l. evropis samezoblo politikis koncefciis ganxorcielebisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas samxreT kavkasiis moTxovnilebebi. m. regionul TanamSromlobas umetes SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia wvlili Seitanos problemebis gadawyvetaSi da SesaZleblobebis gansazRvraSi; “xandaxan regionuli TanamSromloba ufro mSvenieria (efeqturi) vidre ormxrivi”. regionalur TanamSromlobaSi aris zrdis potenciali. Ca narTi 8.1: “samxreT kavkasiis CarTvis Taobaze evropis samezoblo politikaSi” … samxreT kavkasiasTan dakavSirebiT, sabWo dayrdno Tavis 2003 wlis 16 ivnisisa da 2004 wlis 26 ianvris daskvnebs da mis dainteresebas uzrunvelyos regionSi stabiluroba, demokratia da keTildReoba. sabWom gaiTvaliswina evropis parlamentis, evropis komisiisa da samxreT kavkasiaSi evrokavSiris specialuri warmomadgenlis rekomendaciebi da gadawyvita azerbaijani, saqarTvelo d a somxeTi CarTos evropis samezoblo politikaSi. aRniSnuli garemoeba xazs usvams evrokavSiris wingadadgmul nabijs CarTul iyos samxreT kavkasiis regionSi. TiToeul qveyanas miecema Tanabari saSualeba ganaviTaros urTierToba evrokavSirTan samoqmedo gegmebis meSveobiT da mis mimarT SemuSavebul iqneba individualuri politikis ZiriTadi principebis gaTvaliswinebiT. midgoma evropis samezoblo … luqsemburgi, 2004 wlis 14 ivnisi, evropis sabWos Sexvedra. pres relizi 2590 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 71 kalendari ianvari 2004 4 arCevnebi/ saqarTveloSi Catarda saprezidento arCevnebi. mixeil saakaSvili saqarTvelos prezidentad iqna arCeuli. 6 aSS -saqarTvelo/6 ianvars aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentma gamosca dadgenileba, romelic mouwodebs saqarTvelos ufro mWidro TanamSromloba daamyaros saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan (ssf-i). dadgenilebaSi naTqvamia, rom “saqarTvelom unda SeaTanxmos ssf-sTan konkretuli programa, Tu ki qveyanas surs rom valebis gadavadebis sakiTxi ganxiluli iqnes parizis klubSi”. dadgenilebaSi naTqvamia “Cven mzad varT viTanamSromloT saqarTvelos axal xelisuflebasTan, rameTu davexmaroT qveyanas Tavisufali bazris ganviTarebasa da demokratiuli reformebis ganxorcielebaSi. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos yofilma xelisuflebam ver SesZlo ssf-is siRaribis Semcirebi sa da ekonomikuri zrdis donis amaRlebis kriteriumebis dakmayofileba”. 7 sabaJo/ saqarTveloSi 2004 tarifi xorbalis importze. wlis 1 ianvridan gauqmda sabaJo 11 sabanko saqmianoba / sabanko sistemis stabiluri da mdgradi funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, erovnulma bankma daafiqsira adgilobrivi komerciuli bankebisa da ucxouri komerciuli bankebis filialebisTvis sawesdebo kapitalis minimaluri odenoba 12 milion larze, rac sawesdebo kapitalis TandaTanobiT zrdis xarjze unda iqnes miRweuli. amrigad, 2004 wlis 31 dekembrisTvis sawesdebo kapitalis minimalurma odenobam unda Seadginos aranakleb 6,4 dekembrisTvis – aranakleb 78 dekembrisTvis – aranakleb dekembrisTvis – aranakleb dekembrisTvis – aranakleb 12 milioni larisa, 2005 wlis 31 milioni larisa, 2006 wlis 31 9,2 milionisa, 2007 wlis 31 10,6 milionisa, 2008 wlis 31 milionisa. sawesdebo kapitalis zrda unda moxdes fuladi saxiT da mxolod erovnul valutaSi. 12 sainvesticio klimati/ saqarTvelos prezidentma, mixeil saakaSvilma, ganacxada rom apirebs brZolas saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelebuli korupciisa da oligarqebis winaaRmdeg da sagareo valebiT damZimebuli qveynis kavSirebis aRdgenas saerTaSoriso finansur organizaciebTan. “Cven gvsurs normaluri sainvesticio garemos Seqmna, raTa davarwmunoT investorebi, rom saqarTvelo dRes sxva qveyanaa. maT 72 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 kalendari unda icodnen, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifo daicavs maT investiciebsa da uflebebs da ar gaZarcvavs maT”, ganacxada mixeil saakaSvilma. 14 parlamenti/parlamentis mier 14 ianvris riggareSe sxdomaze erTxmad iqna miRebuli kanonproeqti “ganviTarebisa da reformirebis fondis Sesaxeb” samive wakiTxviT. dokumenti warmodgenili iqna iusticiis ministris, zurab adeiSvilis mier. misi sityvebiT, amgvari fondis daarsebis Semdeg saxelmwifo moxeleebi SeZleben Sesabamisi xelfasebis miRebas fondis resursebidan. b-ni adeiSvili acxadebs, rom saerTaSoriso donorma organizaciebma ukve gamoTqves mzadyofna gadaricxon finansuri resursebi aRniSnul fondSi. fondi aseve daafinansebs sakanonmdeblo aqtebis miRebisa da saxelmwifo moxeleTa profesiuli momzadebis RonisZiebebs. 13 evrokavSiri-saqarTvelo/ evrokavSiri gamouyofs saqarTvelos 28 milion evros 2004-2006 ww. indikaturi erovnuli programis ganxorcielebisaTvis. 1992-2003 wlebSi evrokavSiris daxmarebam saqarTvelosTvis 285 milioni Seadgina da aqedan, 84 m ilioni evro gamoyofili iqna “t asis”-is erovnuli programis farglebSi. programa, romelsac xeli moewera 13 ianvars, TbilisSi, gansazRvravs zogad amocanebsa da meTodebs 2004- 2006 wlebSi saqarTvelosTvis daxmarebis uzrunvelsayofad. programa ganxorcieldeba evrokavSiris “tasis”-is programis farglebSi. indikaturi programa mimarTuli iqneba evrokavSiris strategiis ganxorcielebaze, damoukideblobis romelic iTvaliswinebs ganmtkicebas, demokratiisa saqarTvelos da sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebas. “2004-2006 indikaturi erovnuli programa” moicavs rig prioritetul sferoebs, rogoricaa instituciuri, sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli reformis mxardaWera, romlisTvisac gaTvaliswinebulia 11,5 milioni evros gamoyofa. biujetma 12,5 milioni evros odenobiT xeli unda Seuwyos gardamavali periodis socialuri sirTuleebis Serbilebas, pirvel rigSi jandacvis seqtorSi. 4 milioni evro gamoyofili iqneba konfliqtis zonebis sareabilitacio programis ganxorcielebaze. 14 parlamenti/parlamentma erTxmad daamtkica irakli rexviaSvilis kandidatura ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da Tanamdebobaze. 14 vaWrobis ministris parlamenti/saqarTvelos parlamentma 14 ianvars moaxdina germaniis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banksa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 Soris sakredito SeTanxmebis 73 kalendari ratifikacia. SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs 12 milioni evros kreditis gamoyofas saqarTveloSi energokrizisis dasaZlevad 18 daxmareba /germaniis gamoyo 8 milioni rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankma evro saqarTveloSi miwis kadastrisa da registraciis sitemis ganviTarebis mizniT. 27 transporti/saqarTvelos sahaero informaciiT, saqarTveloSi Soris 7 qarTuli. transportis moqmedebs 21 administraciis aviakompania da maT 28 korupciis winaaRmdeg brZolis biuro/ gauqmda prezidentTan arsebuli antikorupciuli sakoordinacio biuro. saqarTvelos politikis 29 turizmi/saqarTvelos turizmisa da kurortebis departamentis informaciis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos e wvia 313,5 aTasi turisti, rac 15,000 metia, vidre gasul wels. 2003 wels saqarTvelos Semosavlebma turizmis xaziT 750 milioni lari Seadgina, rac 103 milioni lariT metia vidre 2002 wels. 30 turizmi/2004 wlis zafxulSi funqcionirebas daiwyebs bazaleTis turistuli kompleqsi. bazaleTis tbaze kompleqsis mSenebloba daiwyo oTxi wlis win, israeli-amerika-saqarTvelos kompania “nova menejment jorjias” mier. am periodSi aSenda ramodenime sastumro, sportuli da dasvenebis kompleqsi, pliaJi daifara zRvis qviSiT. bazaleTis turistuli kompleqsi 1600 damsvenebelzea gaTvlili. mSeneblobis R irebuleba 25 milion aSS dolars Seadgens. daxmareba /prezident mixeil saakaSvilis germaniis kancler gerhard SroiderTan Sexvedraze mxareebma, saqarTvelosTvis germaniis mier daxmarebis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxTan erTad, ganixiles ormxrivi TanamSromlobis, saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobisa da qveyanaSi demokratiuli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis sakiTxebi. Sexvedraze aRiniSna, rom germania gamouyofs saqarTvelos axal mTavrobas 12 milion evros energodeficitis dasafaravad da saqarTveloSi energosistemis reabilitaciisaTvis. Tebervali 4 evrokavSiri-saqarTvelo/hiugo mingarelma - aRmosavleTi evropis, kavakasiisa da Sua aziis sakiTxebSi evrokavSiris saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis direqtorma, 4 Tebervlis pres-konferenciaze ganacxada, rom evrokavSiri mzadaa gamouyos saqarTvelos 30 milioni evro qveynis dasaxmareblad gardamaval periodSi. misi 74 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari sityvebiT aRniSnuli daxmareba ganawildeba Semdegnairad: 12 milioni evro gamoyofili iqneba struqturuli reformebis ganxorcielebaSi teqnikuri daxmarebis saxiT, 12 milioni sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programaze, 4 milioni – konfliqtis zonebSi sareabilitacio programaze da 2 milioni adamianTa uflebebisa da demokratiis dacvvis iniciativaze. 6 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma daamtica konstituciuri cvlilebebi, romlis Tanaxmadac prezidents daiTxovos parlamenti, Camoayalibos mTavroba ufleba aqvs da SeiTavsos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos funqciebis nawili. mTavroba gardaiqmneba ministrTa kabinetad (romelic gauqmebul iqna 1995 wels), romlis muSaobas koordinirebas gauwevs premier ministri. saqarTvelos prezidenti iTavsebs mTavrobis meTauris funqcias. parlaments ufleba aqvs daiTxovos mTavroba parlamentarTa xmebis sami me xuTediT. ministrTa kabinets, romelsac parlamenti undoblobas gamoucxadebs, ufleba aqvs sami Tve gaagrZelos muSaoba Zveli SemadgenlobiT. ministrTa postebze kandidaturebs parlaments warudgens prezidenti. 12 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma 12 Tebervals miiRo kanoni “mTavrobis saqmianobis struqturis, Zalauflebisa da wesis Sesaxeb”. dokumenti gansazRvravs axali mTavrobis struqturas da muSaobis wesebs. kanonis Tanaxmad, Seiqmneba ministrTa kabineti, gansazRvruli iqneba premier ministris posti, ministrTa raodenoba Semcirdeba 17-dan 15- mde. yvela saxelmwifo departameti gadava saministroebis daqvemdebarebaSi. ministrTa kabinets saTaveSi Caudgeba premier ministri, romelsac konstituciaSi Setanili Sesworebebis konteqstSi da prezidentTan SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, ufleba aqvs warudginos parlaments momavali ministrebis kandidaturebi. 13 finansTa saministro /finansTa saministrom parlamentSi waradgina kanonproeqti, romelic moamzada da miznad isaxavs sawarmoTa finansuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas da qveyanaSi xelsayreli sainvesticio garemos Seqmnas. aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, sawarmos davalianebis gadavadebis ufleba aqvs mxolod erTxel gadaxdisunarianoba da mxolod im pirobiT, rom misi iqneba aRiarebuli. sagadasaxado davalianebis gadavadebis vada ar aRemateba 3 weliwads. sagadasaxado davalianebis gayinvis periodi ar aRemateba 12 Tves, xolo dagvianebis vada - 24 Tves, valis gayinvis periodis amowurvidan. sagadasaxado davalianebis gayinvis periodSi davalianebaze ar iricxeba procenti an jarima. dagvianebis periodSi gadauxdel Tanxaze yovelTviurad 0,5 procenti iricxeba. 13 qarTuli Rvino/ qarTuli Rvino “Tamada” (mwarmoebeli – kompania saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 75 kalendari “ji-vi-si”) dajildovda mTavari priziT nominaciaSi “dsT-s qveynebis saukeTeso mSrali Rvino” konkursze “prodeqspo-2004”, romelic 9-13 Tebervals gaimarTa moskovSi. aRniSnuli kompaniis ramodenime markis Rvinom moipova oqros medali da maRali xarisxis damadasturebeli sertifikati. dRes, kompania “ji-vi-si” awarmoebs 28 dasaxalebis Rvinos. warmoebis moculoba Seadgens 4 milion boTls weliwadSi, saeqsporto warmoebis wili – 90 procentze mets. kompania aseve awarmoebs brendsa da WaWas. 15 mTavroba/parlaments dasamtkiceblad gadaeca mTavrobis saqmianobis programa da ministrobis kandidatTa sia. mTavrobas eyoleba oTxi uportfelo saxelmwifo ministri. konfliqtebis mogvarebis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministri iqneba giorgi xaindrava, saqarTvelos evropaSi integrirebis koordinirebis dargSi – Tamar beruCaSvili, mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa sakiTxebSi – jambul bakuraZe, erovnuli Tanxomobis saiTxebSi – guram absnaZe. saxelmwifo ministri zurab Jvania gaxdeba premier ministri. ministrTa postebze wardgenili kandidatebidan eqvsi amJamad uZRveba am samsaxurebs rogorc moqmedi ministrebi. esenia: Tedo jafariZe – sagareo saqmeTa ministri, gela beJuaSvili – Tavdacvis ministri, giorgi baramiZe – Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, zurab noRaideli – finansTa ministri, irakli rexviaSvili – ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis ministri, eTer astemirova – ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis ministri. saxelmwifo uSiSroebis saministros saTaveSi Caudgeba zurab adeiSvili, amJamad moqmedi iusticiis ministri. mTavrobaSi axali pirebi arian: giorgi papuaSvili – iusticiis ministri, daviT ServaSiZe – soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis ministri, giorgi wereTeli – jandacvis ministri, Tamar suluxia – infrastruqturis ministri, nikoloz gilauri – saTbobenergetikisa da komunikaciebis ministri, kaxa lomaia – ganaTlebis ministri, giorgi gabaSvili – kolturisa da sportis ministri, Tamar lebaniZe – garemos dacvis ministri. moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, premier ministrisa da sami Zalovani ministris kandidaturebi (Tavdacvis, Sinagan saqmeTa da saxelmwifo uSiSroebis) parlamentSi prezidentis mier iqna wardgenili. premier ministri waradgens ministrobis sxva kandidaturebs. 17 parlamenti/ parlamentma Caatara r iggareSe sxd oma, romelzec moismina mTavrobis saqmianobis 5- wliani programa da daamtkica ministrTa kabinetis Semadgenloba. 76 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari 19 TanamSromloba/fabricio romanom, saqarTveloSi italiis elCma da Tedo jafariZem, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma xeli moaweres TbilisSi “italiis respublikisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobebs Soris Semosavlebisa da kapitalis ormagi dabegvris Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb” konvenciis protokolis ratifikacias. 20 sagadasaxado iniciativiT sfero/ prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili gamovida sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisgan im biznesmenTa ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, romlebic 2004 aprilamde gaacxadeben sagadasaxado deklaraciaSi Semosavlebs, romlebsac gamoTqvamen mzadyofnas Tanxebidan. wlis 1 TavianT adre saxelmwifosgan malavdnen da gadaixadon gadasaxadebi aRniSnuli marti 1 momsaxurebis sfero/ TbilisSi, Tavisuflebis moedanze mdebare sastumro “qorTiard mariotma” pirveli stumrebi miiRo. 4 TanamSromloba / saqarTvelos ministrTa kabinetma pirvel marts gamarTul Sexvedraze 37 donori organizaciisa da qveynis warmomadge nlebis winaSe warmoadgina qveynis ganviTarebisa da saxelmwifo marTvis sitemaSi reformebis ganxorcielebis axali xuTwliani programa (2004- 2009 wlebisTvis). donorebTan Semajamebeli Sexvedra, romelzec miRebuli iqneba gadawyvetileba saqarTvelosTvis finansuri daxmarebis gamoyofis Taobaze, gaimarTeba 2004 wlis ivnisSi, q. bruselSi. 5 energetika/ ruseTis ucxoeTis ekonomikuri asociacia “teqnopromeqsportma” moigo saerTaSoriso tenderi enguris hes- s sareabilitacio samuSaoebis ganxorcielebaze. “teqnopromeqsportma” aiRo valdebulebebi 17,3 milioni aSS dolaris proeqtis ganxorcielebaze. aRniSnuli Tanxis 80 procents afinansebs ergb-i, xolo 20 procents – saqarTvelos mxare. kontraqtis Tanaxmad, rusuli kompania 2 weliwadSi ganaxorcielebs samSeneblo samuSaoebs, romlebic iTvaliswinebs dambis TaRovani kaskadis gamagreba-Cacementebas da sareabilitacio hidroeleqtrosadguris saderivacio arxSi. 5 samuSaoebs TanamSromloba / TbilisSi Catarda SvedeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos sakoordinacio centris gaxsnis Taobaze samTavrobaTaSorisi SeTanxmebis xelmoweris ceremonia. dokuments xeli moaweres saqarTvelos mxridan saxelmwifo ministrma Tamar beruCaSvilma, xolo SvedeTis mxridan - saagentos generaluri direqtoris moadgilem jerker Tanbergma. regionul sakoordinacio centrs uxelmZRvanelebs b- ni saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 77 kalendari erik jonsoni. saagentos daxmarebis programa samxreT kavkasiis regionis qveynebSi miznad isaxavs demokratiasa da sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesSi sainstitucio reformebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobas. saagentos daxmarebis mTavari mimarTulebebi 2005 wlamde periodisTvis iqneba marTvis demokratiuli sistemis SemuSaveba, socialuri da jandacvis seqtoris reformebis xelSewyoba, Sidsis winaaRmdeg brZola, socialurad daucvel bunebrivi resursebis marTva da mcire da ojaxTa saSualo daxmareba, sawarmoTa ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. 9 TanamSromloba/ prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili Sexvda safrangeTis prezident Jak Siraks parizSi. safrangeTis prezidentma gamoTqva mzadyofna mxardaWera aRmouCinos saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan integrirebisa aseve Sexvda da daaxloebis procesSi. saqarTvelos prezidenti safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa, Sinagan saqmeTa da ekonomikis ministrebs da sxva oficialur pirebs. 12 TanamSromloba/ prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili vizitiT ewvia somxeTs da Sexvda prezident qoCarians. prezide ntebma daadastures TavianTi mzadyofna ufro aqtiurad iTanamSromlon Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizaciis farglebSi da xazgasmiT aRniSnes ufro mWidro TanamSromlobis mniSvneloba iseT regionul proeqtebSi, rogorebicaa TRACECA da INOGATE- i. mxareebma xazi gausves ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis saqarTvelo-somxeTis samTavrobaTaSorisi komisiis saqmianobis gaZlierebis saWiroebas. 14 soflis meurneoba/ TbilisSi ixsneba gaero -s soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis organizaciis (FAO ) warmomadgenloba. FAO -s warmomadgenlobis gaxsna TbilisSi SesaZlebels gaxdis saqarTvelos mTavrobis am organizaciis saTao ofisTan urTierTobebis gamartivebas da aseve saqarTveloSi meti proeqtebis ganxorcielebas. amJamad, FAO saqarTveloSi ramodenime proeqts axorcielebs, kerZod subtropikuli kulturebis, msxvili rqosani pirutyvis moSenebis, fermerebisTvis sakonsultacio centrebis Seqmnis, sanerge meurneobebis reabilitaciisa da aseve saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionebSi xilisa d a Txilis axali sanerge meurneobebis Seqmnis proeqtebs. 15 sabaJo/ gaimarTa saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis sazRvarze axali, wiTeli xidis sabaJo gamSvebi dakavSirebuli ceremonia. punqtis mSeneblobis samSeneblo samuSaoebi amerikis “saqarTvelos sazRvrebis usafrTxoebisa aRsrulebis xelSewyobis” programis f arglebSi. 18-19 78 dawyebasTan xorcieldeba da kanonis konferencia/ TbilisSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia navTobis, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari bunebrivi airis, energetikisa da infrastruqturis sakiTxebze saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso navTobkorporaciis, britaneTis kompania ITE-Group-s, saqarTvelos saTbob- energetikis ministrisa da saqarTvelos erovnuli navTobkompania “saqnavTobi-s” iniciativiT da xelSewyobiT. konferenciaze ganxiluli sakiTxebi exeboda baqoTbilisi- jeihanis mTavari saeqsporto milsadenis, samxreT kavkasiis baqo -Tbilisi- erzrumis milsadenis, evropis satransporto derefnis proeqtebis SemuSavebas da navTobisa da bunebrivi airis saqarTvelos teritoriaze gadazidvis tendenciebsa da SesaZleblobebs. 22 sabaJo/ giorgi godabreliZe dainiSna finansTa saministros sabaJo departamentis ufrosad. 31 mTavroba/ saqarTvelos premier ministris zurab Jvanias gankargulebis Tanaxmad, Camoyalibda samuSao jgufi, romelmac unda moamzados axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi da warudginos igi mTavrobas gansaxilvelad maisSi. axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi ZalaSi Seva 2005 wlis ianvridan. aprili 7 daxmareba/ evrokavSiris mier saqarTvelosTvis ekonomikuri daxmarebis saxiT 30 milioni evros gamoyofis Sesaxeb gancxadeba gakeTda saqarTvelos prezidentis, mixeil saakaSvilis evrokavSiris uzenaes komisar - xavier solanasTan Sexvedris Semdeg, romelic gaimarTa 7 aprils q. bruselSi. gamoyofili Tanxa unda moxmardes gzebis infrastruqturis gaumjobesebas; penitencialuri sistemis obieqtebis mSeneblobas; xorblis SeZenas da aseve zogierTi s x v a proeqtis ganxorcielebas. 8 mTavroba / saqarTvelos premier ministrma, zurab Jvaniam, xeli moawera samTavrobo brZanebulebas (#23) investorTa momsaxurebis gaerTianebuli centris Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba Camoyalibdes vaWrobisa da investiciebis xelSewyobis saagentos farglebSi. centris mTavari amocanebia: sainformacio, sakonsultacio da analitikuri momsaxurebis gaweva arsebuli da potenciuri investorebisaTvis; sainvesticio saqmianobebis xelSewyoba licenzirebasa da nebarTvebze da saregistracio procedurebze ganacxadebis mxardaWeris meSveobiT; samarketingo, samarTlebrivi da finansuri kvlevebi; sainvesticio barierebis, investorTa problemebis gaanalizeba da maTi daregulireba; saqarTveloSi investorTa potencialisa da perspeqtivebis gamovlena da ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; adgilobrivi da ucxoeli investorebis erToblivi proeqtebisaTvis SesaZlebl obaTa gansazRvra da maTi xelSewyoba; mTavrobisTvis sainvesticio garemos gaumjobesebasTan saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 79 kalendari dakavSirebiT SeTavazebebis SemuSaveba. 10 wyalmomarageba/ Tbilisis sakrebulom SeTanxmebas miaRwia frangul kompania Generale des Eaux-Tan Tbilisis municipaluri wyalmomaragebisa da kanalizaciis kompania “Tbilwyalkanali-s” lizingze. am mizniT Tanabari uflebebis principze Camoyalibdeba erToblivi kompania. kompania Generale des Eaux-i saqarTveloSi udidesi Tbilisis wyalmomaragebisa da sakanalizacio sistemis Sps “Tbilwyalkanalis”- 10- wlian marTvaSi tenderis erTaderTi monawile iyo. 11 gadacemaze gamarTuli mTavroba/ saqarTvelos premier ministrma zurab Jvaniam xeli moawera brZanebas baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis (bTj- s) navTobsadenis proeqtis dauyovnebliv ganxorcielebis uzrunvelmyofeli zomebis Sesaxeb. 15 transporti/ tudor draganelma, saqarTveloSi rumineTis saelCos warmomadgenelma ekonomikis sferoSi, ganacxada, rom 2004 wlis maisidan axali ruminuli samgzavri borani daiwyebs muSaobas konstanca-odesa- novorosiiski- baTumi-stambulis marSrutze. 19 transporti/ saxelmwifo romelsac sargeblobs kompania Sps “saqarTvelos ramodenime saerTaSoriso rkinigza”- m, finansuri organizaciis, kerZod ergb- s, KfW-sa da msoflio bankis, mxardaWeriT daiwyo rigi proeqtebis SemuSaveba saqarTvelos rkinigzis infrastruqturis ganviTarebisaTvis. aRniSnul proeqtebs Soris aris rkinigzis mSenebloba axalqalaqi (saqarTvelo) – yarsis (TurqeTi) seqtorze, rkinigzis cxinvalis seqtoris reabilitacia, sarginigzo sadguri foTSi, xaSuris salokomotivo deposa da Tbilisis sarkinigzo vagonebis depos modernizeba, baTumi-konstancas saborne gzis mowesrigeba, sarkinigzo vagonebis ganaxleba; amasTan SemuSavebis procesSia proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos sarkinigzo sistemis sainstitucio reformas. arsebuli proeqtebis dafinanseba unda ganxorcieldes grantebisa da kreditebis saxiT. es iqneba grZelvadiani kreditebi 10- 30 wlis ganakveTi savaraudod 1,5-6 procents Seadgens. 22 vadiT, saprocento socialuri dacva/ mTavrobis rezolucia wina wlis sapensio davalianebebis TandaTanobiT dafarvisa da mosaxleobis socialuri dacvisaTvis damatebiTi RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, ZalaSia Sesuli. sapensio davalianebebis TandaTanobiT gadaxdis Sesaxeb dokumentis Tanaxmad, 2004 wlis aprilidan umuSevari pensionerebisTvis pensiebi gaizrdeba 3 lariT 17 laramde da 2004 maisidan – kidev erTi lariT. 80 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari maisi 2 daxmareba/ zurab Jvaniam, saqarTvelos premier ministrma da en venmanma, SeerTebuli Statebis soflis meurneobis ministrma, xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas, romelic iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelosTvis 50,000 tona xorblis gamoyofas aSS-dan humanitaruli daxmarebis saxiT. 3 sabanko saqmianoba / saaqcio sazogadoeba “saqarTvelos banki”, vaWrobis dafinansebisa da dokumentebTan dakavSirebuli operaciebis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, 2003 wlis Sedegebis safuZvelze, evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis mier aRiarebulia rogorc dsT-s saukeTeso banki. 4 transporti/ parlamentma did britaneTsa da TurqeTTan sahaero mimosvlis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis ratifikacia moaxdina. parlamentarebma xazgasmiT aRniSnes amgvari gadawyvetilebis mniSvneloba. 4 gamofenebi/ TbilisSi pirvelad gaimarTa saerTaSoriso gamofena telkomunikaciebis sferoSi “saqarTvelos telekomi – 2004”. gamofenaSi monawileoba miiRo 20-ze metma kompaniam: ATDI (safrangeTi), “delta kom-i” (saqarTvelo), “eleqtrokavSiri” (saqarTvelo), “jeoseli” (saqarTvelo), “jeoneTi” (saqarTvelo), “global erTi” (ruseTi), “grinneT - i” (saqarTvelo), “hesfibel-i” (TurqeTi), “huavei teqnolojiz” (CineTi), “iberiaTel” (saqarTvelo), “sagem- i” (safrangeTi), “simens mobili” (germania), “teleneTi” (saqarTvelo), ZTE (CineTi). 6 turizmi/ TbilisSi Catarda VI-e saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofenagayidva “kavkasiis turizmi gamofena-gayidva 2004”. RonisZiebaSi monawileobda turistuli kompaniebi 9 qveynidan, kerZod ki avstriidan, italiidan, aSS -dan, ruseTidan, iranid an, TurqeTidan, somxeTsa da saqrTvelodan. 7 mTavroba / saqarTvelos premier ministrma, zurab Jvaniam, Camoayaliba specialuri komisia, romelmac unda Seiswavlos aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis ekonomikuri potenciali. 7 daxmareba/ saqrTvelo aris 16 uRaribes qveynebs Soris (somxeTi, benini, bolivia, vanua, gana, saqarTvelo, hondurasi, kabo -verde, lesoto, madagaskari, mali, mozambiki, monRoleTi, senegali, Srilanka, nikaragua), romelTac aSS exmareba ekonomikuri da demokratiuli refromebis miiReben daxmarebas, unda efeqturi demokratiuli Tavisufali ekonomika. ganxorcielebaSi. Seasrulon sami marTva, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 xalxis qveynebma, ZiriTadi romlebic moTxovna: keTildReobaze zrunva, 81 kalendari 8 transporti/ holandiis aviakompania “KLM Royal Dutch Airlines-i” 2004 wlis 16 ivniss iwyebs regularuli reisebis Sesrulebas Tbilisis mimarTulebiT. boingi 737 -900 Seasrulebs reisebs Tbilisi-amsterdamiTbilisis mimarTulebiT kviraSi samjer. 11 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma, plenarul sxdomaze, daamtkica saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujeti 2004 wlisTvis. 14 TanamSromloba/ saqarTvelos prezidenti, mixeli saakaSvili, Sexvda 1 rumineTis prezidents ion ilieskus, rumineTSi oficialuri vizitiT Casvlisas. Sexvedraze ganxiluli iqna or qveyanas Soris momavali politikur-ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis perspeqtivebi. TanamSromloba/ saqarTveloSi amerikis savaWro palatam Caatara arCevnebi d ireqtorTa sabWos, sabWos prezidentisa d a generalur asambleaSi sxva postebze kandidaturebis asarCevad. axalma direqtorTa sabWom daasaxela Tavis prioritetebi: wevrTa interesebis lobireba, sagadasaxado da sabaJo kodeqsebis xelSewyoba da liberalizacia, saqarTveloSi megobruli sainvesticio klimatis xelSewyoba da palatis wevrebisaTvis regularuli debatebis organizeba. amerikis savaWro palata, romelic ukve eqvsi welia aqtiurad moRvaweobs saqarTveloSi, miznad isaxavs biznesis xelSewyobas saqarTvelos, amerikasa da saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso gaerTianebas Soris. 16 daxmareba/ ergb- is (EBRD) iniciativa, romelSic monawileobs yofili sabWoTa kavSiris 7 ganviTarebadi qveyana (azerbaijani, somxeTi, saqarTvelo, yirgizeTi, moldova, tajikeTi da uzbekeTi) gegmavs maTi dafinansebis gazrdas weliwadSi 30 milioni evroTi amjamindeli 10 milioni evrodan. 21 mTavroba/ saqarTvelos mTavrobis gankargulebis Tanaxmad, 21 maisidan saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze SemoRebuli iqneba moratoriumi tyis gaCexvaze erTi Tvis manZilze. mocemuli periodis ganmavlobaSi unda gatardes seriozuli RonisZiebebi tyis sruli ganadgurebis procesis SesaCereblad. 21 biznesi/ ergb- i axorcielebs 1,2 milioni aSS dolaris investirebas Telianis velSi – saqarTvelos Rvinis gadamamuSavebeli, Camosasxmeli da sadistribucio kompaniis aqciebis SesaZenad, rac miznad isaxavs misi sawarmoo simZlavris gazrdis, samarketingo iniciativebis gaumjobesebis da maRali xarisxis Rvinoebis gayidvebis gazrdis xelSewyobas. bankis monawileoba SesaZleblobas miscems kompania “Telianis velis” mflobelebs aRadginon TelavSi axlad SeZenili Senoba im naxevrad dangreuli qarxnis nacvlad, romelic kompanias amJamad ijariT aqvT aRebuli. dafinansebis nawiliT kompania SeZlebs muxis kasrebisa da 82 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari sxva aRWurvilobis SeZenas Rvinis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad. dafinansebas uzrunvelyofs ergb- is pirdapiri sainvesticio programa, romelic iTvaliswinebs pirdapiri investiciebis dabandebas kerZo seqtoris kompaniis saSualo sawarmoTa saaqcionero kapitalSi. ergb- i aqciaTa sakontrolo paketis mflobeli ar aris. igi monawileobas miiRebs kompaniis mmarTvelobaSi. 22 sabanko saqmianoba/ saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis informaciiT, qveyanaSi 23 komerciuli banki moqmedebs. 25 TanamSromloba/ ruseTma da saqarTvelom xeli moaweres oqms ruseTis federaciis msoflio savaWro organizaciaSi gawevrianebaze ormxrivi molaparakebebis dasrulebis Sesaxeb. 28 maiss dokuments xeli moawera german grefma, ruseTis federaciis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da vaWrobis ministrma da irakli rexv iaSvilma, saqarTvelos ekonomikis ministrma. oqmi afiqsirebs molaparakebebis dasrulebas saqonlis, momsaxurebisa da soflis meurneobis sakiTxebze. dokumenti asaxavs sistematur sakiTxebs (ruseTis federaciis kanonmdeblobisa da savaWro-ekonomikuri politikis Sesa bamisobas vmo-s normebTan). mxareebi SeTanxmdnen gamoiCinon maqsimaluri Zalisxmeva, raTa umokles vadaSi moagvaron is savaWro da ekonomikuri sakiTxebi, romlebic jer -jerobiT daregulirebuli ar aris. ministrebma aseve xeli moaweres “mxareTa Soris problemebis mogvarebis Sesaxeb” oqms da “ori qveynis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebas. 28-29 gafarToebis biznes-konferencia/ TbilisSi Sesaxeb” gaimarTa saqarTvelo-ruseTis saqarTveloSi rusuli biznesis pirveli konferencia. ruseTis delegacias xelmZRvanelobda ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da vaWrobis ministri german grefi. forumis monawileebma ganixiles perspeqtiuli proeqtebi rusuli kapitaldabandebebisaTvis. saqarTvelos mxaris mier gamoxatuli iyo gansakuTrebuli interesi rus biznesmenTa monawileobis mimarT saqarTvelos energetikisa da agrosamrewvelo seqtorSi. saqarTvelos mxarem SesTavaza rus mewarmeebs sainvesticio winadadebebis paketi, romlis sruli Rirebuleba ramodenime miliard dolars Seadgens. ivnisi 2004 7 daxmareba / ssf-ma daamtkica axali samwliani finansuri daxmarebis programa saqarTvelosTvis programa “aTaswleulis amocanis” farglebSi. es programa gamoirCeva ara mxolod gamoyofili resursebis odenobiT, aramed imiTac rom resursebs gankargavs daxmarebis mimRebi qveynis mTavroba. saqarTvelos eZleva SesaZlebloba aTaswleulis programis farglebSi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 83 kalendari miRebuli T anxebi moaxmaros im sferoebs, romlebic moiTxovs problemebis dauyovnebliv gadaWras. programa “aTaswleulis amocanis” umTavresi mizania waaxalisos ekonomikis swrafi da dinamiuri ganviTareba im qveynebSi, romlebic monawileoben programaSi. axali samwliani programis daxmarebiT (144 milioni aSS dolari) ssf-i apirebs xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelos siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnul programis ganxorcielebas. 8 privatizacia/ ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris, kaxa benduqiZis mier SemoTavazebuli ”totaluri privatizaciis” programas mxari dauWira premier ministrma zurab Jvaniam. “agresiuli saprivatizacio politikis fundamentaluri principi niSnavs, rom nebismieri saxelmwifo qoneba unda gaiyidos, garda im obieqtebisa, romlebic saqarTvelos xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze darCeba saxelmwifos an sazogadoebrivi sakuTrebis obieqtebad”. 9 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministrma, kaxa benduqiZem qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis programa warudgina safinanso-sabiujeto, dargobrivi ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri politikis saparlamento komitetebs. 11 TanamSromloba/ TbilisSi Catarda ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis pirveli sxdoma, romelic win uZRoda azerbaijanis prezidentis, ilham alievis vizits saqarTveloSi. 11 daxmareba / saqarTvelos finansTa ministris, zurab noRaidelisa da germaniis rekonstruqciisa da sakredito bankis (KfW) direqtorTa sabWos wevris ingrid maTeus-meieris mier TbilisSi xeli moewera SeTanxmebebs 5,8 milioni evros gamoyofaze. pirveli SeTanxmebis farglebSi saqarTvelo miiRebs 3,3 milion evros, romelic unda moxmardes energetikis seqtorSi mravalmilioniani sesxis dafarvis meqanizmis SemuSavebas da, aseve energetikis seqtorSi valebis momsaxurebis saagentos Seqmnasa da amuSavebas. kerZod, germaneli eqspertebi daexmarebian saqarTvelos mTavrobas saagentos mmarTveli kompaniis SerCevaze tenderis momzadebasa da CatarebaSi. eqspertTa samuSaosa da tenderSi gamarjvebuli kompaniis saqmianobis dafinanseba moxdeba zemoT xsenebuli grantis meSveobiT ori wlis manZilze. meore SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs 2.5 milioni evros odenobiT grantis gamoyofas saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis. aRniSnuli Tanxa unda moxmardes im eqspertTa jgufis samuSaos dafinansebas, romelic 84 mier ganxorcielebuli gansazRvravs mTavar saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari prioritetebs saqarTveloSi proeqtebis dasafinanseblad. 14 TanamSromloba/ germaniis saqarTveloSi KfW bankis azerbaijanis sxvadasxva prezidentis oficialuri vizitis dros saqarTvelos prez identma mixeil saakaSvilma da azerbaijanis prezidentma ilham alievma ganixiles or qveyanas Soris momavali TanamSromlobis perspeqtivebi. saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis mTavrobebs Soris xeli moewera SeTanxmebas sarkinigzo transportis koordinirebis Sesaxeb. as eve xeli moewera energetikis seqtorSi TanamSromlobis gafarToebis SeTanxmebas. saqarTvelos finansTa saministrom da azerbaijanis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis saministrom xeli moaweres TanamSromlobisa da urTierTdaxmarebis SeTanxmebas. xeli moewera saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis aviakompaniebs Soris samoqalaqo aviaciis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb protokols da saqarTvelos satelevizio da radio mauwyeblobis korporaciasa da azerbaijanis saxelmwifo satelevizio da radio mauwyeblobis kompanias Soris TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebas. saqarTvelos azerbaijanis ekonomikuri ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ganviTarebis saministrom da saministrom unda SeimuSaon or qveyanas Soris grZelvadiani TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebis proeqti. 16 daxmareba / donori qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri safinanso institutebis briuselis konferenciaze, romlis organizatorebi iyvnen evrokavSiri da msoflio banki, miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba saqarTvelosTvis 1 miliardi aSS dolaris (850 milioni evros) gamoyofis Sesaxeb. es usasyid lo daxmarebaa, romelic miznad isaxavs qveynis axali mTavrobis mxardaWeras mis mier ekonomikuri reformebis gatarebasa da demokratiis damkvidrebaze mimarTul ZalisxmevaSi. konferenciis muSaobaSi monawileoba miiRo saqarTvelos mTavrobis delegaciam, premier ministr zurab Jvanias xelmZRvanelobiT. saqarTvelos mTavroba apirebs aRniSnuli finansuri daxmareba moaxmaros saxelmwifo marTvis sistemis, ekonomikis, energetikis, infrastruqturis ganviTarebas, ekonomikuri zrdisa da siRaribis daZlevis programis ganxorcielebas da sxva. Tanxebis xarjvis monitorings ganaxorcieleben evrokomisia da saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebi. 16 transporti/ holandiis aviakompania KLM- ma daiwyo regularuli reisebis ganxorcieleba amsterdamsa da Tbiliss Soris. reisebi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 85 kalendari Sesruldeba orSabaTs, boingiT. 17 xuTS abaTsa da paraskevs 737-900 tipis safinanso seqtori/ Tbilisi pirvelad maspinZlobda gamofenas “finanseqspo”. gamofena organizebuli iyo momavali Taobis iniciativis kavSiris mier saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis, qarTul bankTa asociaciis, finansTa saministrosa da saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso savaWro palatis monawileobiT. gamofenis dros gamarTul konferenciaze monawileebma produqtebi da momsaxureba. amgvari warmoadgines gamofenebis TavianTi Catareba dagegmilia yovelwliurad. gamofenebis mizania saqarTvelos finansuri bazris mimdinare mdgomareobisa da misi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobaTa demonstrireba. 18 agroindustria/ TbilisSi gaimarTa saerTaSoriso agroindustriuli gamofena. 100-ze metma (maT Soris 70-ma ucxourma) kompaniam msoflios 11 qveynidan (azerbaijani, avstria, somxeTi, germania, saqarTvelo, indoeTi, italia, ruseTi, aSS, TurqeTi da safrangeTi) warmoadgina sakuTari nawarmi: alkoholuri da ualkoholo sasmelebi, rZis nawarmi, konservebi, sakonditro nawarmi, mrewvelobisaTvis da sxva. 19 teqnologiebi gadamamuSavebeli daxmareba / niderlandebis mTavrobam gamoyo 178 aTasi aSS dolari “SinameurneobaTa gaerTianebuli kvlevis warmoebisaTvis statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis daxmarebis” proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad. proeqtis dafinansebaSi monawileobas iRebs saqarTvelos mTavrobac. SinameurneobaTa gaerTianebuli gamokvleva qveyanaSi siRaribis donis monitoringis mTavari instrumentia, romelic zegavlenis Sefasebis winsvlas. 24 parlamenti/ asaxavs siRaribis daZlevisa programis ganxorcielebaSi parlamentma miiR o gadawyvetileba, da misi miRweul romlis Tanaxmadac iqmneba droebiTi saparlamento komisia, romelmac unda Seiswavlos saqarTvelos energoseqtorSi arsebuli darRvevebi. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi parlamentis 15 wevria. 24 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma litvasTan “Semosavl ebisa da kapitalis ormagi dabegvris Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb” SeTanxmebis ratifikacia moaxdina. SeTanxmebas xeli moewera 2003 wlis seqtembers saqarTveloSi litvis prezidentis vizitis dros. SeTanxmeba exeba erTi an orive xelmomweri qveynis moqalaqeebs. ormagi dabegvris Tavidan acilebis reJimis moqmedeba moicavs mogebaze gadasaxads, kapitalur Semosavlebs, uZravi qonebis Semosavlebs, saerTaSoriso operaciebs, kreditebs, kompaniebis 86 xelmZRvanelTa xelfasebs, profesorebis, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari maswavleblebis, mecnierebis, studentebis stipendiebs; pensiebsa da a.S. 24 daxmareba / msoflio bankis direqtorTa saqarTvelosTvis sami kreditis gamoyofis sabWom daamtkica sakiTxi (sul, 47,6 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT). aRniSnuli Tanxidan 24 milioni aSS dolari Seadgens kredits reformebis mxardasaWerad, 3,6 milioni aSS dolari – energetikis seqtorisTvis da 20 milioni aSS dolari proeqtisaTvis. – Sida daniSnulebis aRniSnuli proeqtebis gzebis mSeneblobis mTavari miznebia: ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyoba korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da marTvis sistemis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli Zalisxmevis meSveobiT; saxelmwifo seqtoris efeqturobis donis amaRlebis xelSewyoba da aseve, misi CarTva siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programis ganxorcielebis procesSi. 30 privatizacia/ ekonomikis ministrma kaxa benduqiZem, samTavrobo sxdomaze warmoadgina saprivatizacio politikis mTavari mimarTulebebi. ministrma ganacxada, rom amJamad saxelmwifos ekuTvnis aqciebi 1800 saaqcio da SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis kompaniaSi, romlebSic muSaobs 180,000 adamiani. samrewvelo sawarmoTa privatizacia ZiriTadad e.w. “saerTaSoriso gayidvebis” formiT moxdeba. sawarmoebi gasxvisdeba Ria auqcionebze pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT rac SeiZleba maRal fasad. an privatizaciis procesSi saqarTvelos mTavrobas daxmarebas gauweven evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (ergb) da saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia (ssk). kerZod, gaTvaliswinebulia qarTuli komerciuli bankebisaTvis pirdapiri sakredito xazebis gaxsna, romlis daxmarebiTac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi SesZleben monawileobis miRebas mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa privatizaciaSi. ergb- i da ssk - i daxmarebas gauweven saqarTvelos mTavrobas msxvil sawarmoTa restruqturizaciasa da maT momzadebaSi saprivatizaciod. ivlisi 6 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos parlamentSi gaimarTa biznesisa da parlamentis saerTaSoriso asociaciis saqarTvelos erovnuli programis (IABP) prezentacia da misi saorganizacio komitetis pirveli sxdoma. saorganizacio komitetis SemadgenlobaSi arian 10-ze meti parlamentis wevri da daaxloebiT 20 cnobili qarTveli biznesmeni, romlebic warmoadgenen rogorc sakuTar kompaniebs, aseve biznes-asociaciebs. parlamentis spikerma erovnuli programis nino burjanaZem aRniSna, dafuZnebis mizania, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 rom “IABP-s parlamentSi 87 kalendari warmodgenil yvela politikur partiasa da saqmian wreebs mWidro TanamSromlobis SesaZlebloba hqondeT, rameTu parlamentis mier miRebulma kanonebma SesaZlebeli gaxados maqsimalurad xelsayreli ganviTarebisaTvis” 6 pirobebis uzrunvelyofa biznesis TanamSromloba/ saqarTvelos prezidentma, mixeil saakaSvilma da iranis islamuri respublikis prezidentm a, mohamed haTamim, saqarTvelos prezidentis iranSi oficialuri v izitiT yofnis dros, ganixiles or qveyanas Soris samomavlo TanamSromlobis perspeqtivebi. prezidentebma imsjeles iransa da saqarTvelos Soris vaWrobisa da ekonomikis, transportis, kulturisa da sxva sferoebSi TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis mimarTulebebze. miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba iranis mier gamoyofis Taobaze. 7 daxmareba / saqarTvelosTvis 2 aTaswleulis amocanis milioni dolaris korporaciis (Millennium Challenge Corporation, MCC) saqarTvelos komitetis Tavmjdomarem, saqarTvelos prezentaciaze premier -ministri ganacxada, rom zurab Jvaniam programis “programa miznad isaxavs ganviTarebadi qveynebis daxmarebas ekonomikuri zrdisa da siRaribis daZlevis uzrunvelyofaSi, ekonomikuri da sakanonmdeblo reformebis gatarebaSi”. saqarTvelosTvis daxmarebis zusti moculobis gansazRvra moxdeba warmodgenili proeqtebis damtkicebis Semdeg. programis farglebSi saqarTvelos mTavroba gegmavs prioritetulad gamoacxados infrastruqturis ganviTarebis proeqtebi, kerZod ki gzebis, xidebis, sakanalizacio sistemebis da a.S. rekonstruqcia da mSenebloba. meore prioriteti iqneba soflis meurneobis dargis ganviTareba, romlisTvisac Seiqmneba specialuri sainvesticio fondi, romelic daafinansebs proeqtebs saqarTvelos regionebSi. 8 soflis meurneoba/ daarsda xorblisa da puris nawarmis mwarmoebelTa asociacia “global agro”. asociaciis mTavari mizania konkurenciuli garemos Seqmna da am sferoSi rogorc mwarmoebelTa, aseve momxmarebelTa interesebis dacva; mTavrobisaTvis daxmarebis gaweva qveyanaSi xorblisa da fqvilis kontrabandasTan brZolis RonisZiebebisa da meqanizmebis SemuSavebasa da am dargSi sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli bazis SemuSavebaSi. 12 daxmareba / Sveicariis mTavrobam gamoyo finansuri daxmareba (800,000 Sveicaruli franki) saqarTvelos socialurad daucveli mosaxleobisaTvis. aRniSnuli Tanxa daixarjeba pensiebze martoxela pensionerebisa da ojaxebisaTvis, romlebic ori an 88 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari meti pensionerisgan Sedgeba. gaTvaliswinebulia erTjeradi daxmareba 100 laris odenobiT mosaxleobis Raribi nawilisTvis. 13 daxmareba / germaniis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (KfW) gamohyofs 10 milion evros saqarTvelos energosistemis reabilitaciisaTvis, kerZod ki “alaverdis” eleqtrogadamcemi xazis, romelic akavSirebs saqarTvelos energosistemas somxeTis energosistemasTan da zogierTi qvesadguris (lisis, marneulis, gardabnisa da didubis) sruli reabilitaciisaTvis. 15 privatizacia/ saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris, kaxa benduqiZis mier warmodgenil iqna 372 saprivatizacio sawarmos sia. es mxolod nawilia im obieqtebisa, romelTa gayidvac dagegmilia 2004-2006 wlebSi, im obieqtebisa, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac samarTlebrivi samuSaoebi dasrulebulia da romlebic mzad arian sajaro procedurebis dasawyebad. saprivatizacio obieqtebis Semdgomi sia gamoqveyndeba 3- 4 Tvis Semdeg. 17 energetika/ (kontrolisa ”saqarTvelos saxelmwifo eleqtrosistemam” da eleqtroenergiis gadamcemi samsaxuri) xeli moawera SeTanxmebas germaniis sakonsultacio kompania “Lahmeyer International -Tan” sakonsultacio momsaxurebis gawevaze saqarTvelos energosistemis reabilitaciis procesSi. kontraqtis Rirebuleba Seadgens 1,3 milion evros. kompania “Lahmeyer International -ma” moigo tenderi, romelic gaimarTa “saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris xelSewyobis” proeqtis farglebSi. proeqts afinansebs msoflio banki da germaniis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki KfW. 18 transporti/ qarTulma aviakompaniam “airzena-saqarTvelos aviaxazebi” moipova erToblivi aviaciis samsaxuris evropis organizaciis (JAA) sertifikati, “boing 737 -500”, “boing 737-400” da“boing 737 -300” tipis aparatebisaTvis teqnikuri momsaxurebis samuSaoebis ganxorcielebaze. 23 daxmareba / TbilisSi muSaoba daiwyo ssf-s regularulma misiam. ssf-s misiis mizania ganixilos mTavrobasTan saqarTvelosTvis siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis farglebSi samwliani finansuri daxmarebis programa, romelic damtkicda am saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciis aRmasrulebeli sabWos mier 2004 wlis 4 ivniss. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 89 kalendari 25 TanamSromloba/ saqarTvelom da ukrainam xeli moaweres ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis memorandums. memorandums xeli moewera premier ministr zurab Jvanias kievSi vizitis dros. 30 TanamSromloba/ saqarTvelosa da niderlandebis mTavrobebis warmomadgenlebma xeli moaweres memorandums “axladwarmoqmnil” bazrebTan TanamSromlobis programis Sesaxeb”. programis gamohyofs farglebSi holandiis mTavroba yovelwliurad 500,000 evros orive mxaris kompaniebs Soris ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis 2- 3 erToblivi proeqtisaTvis. gamoyofili Tanxa proeqtis Rirebulebis 50 procents Seadgens. proeqtebi unda gamoirCeodes sakorporacio socialuri pasuxismgeblobis maRali standartiT. proeqtebis dawyeba moxdeba specialuri tenderebis meSveobiT, romlebic weliwadSi erTxel gaimarTeba holandiis mTavrobis EDV saagentos mier, romelic ganaxorcielebs programas saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi niderlandebis saelCosTan konsultaciebis gziT. saqarTvelos mxridan programas koordinirebas gauwevs saxelmwifo ministri evrointegraciis sakiTxebSi q- ni Tamar beruCaSvili. programa gaTvlilia or welze da SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes, Tu ki orive mxaris mier urTierTsasargeblod iqneba miCneuli. agvisto 2 mTavroba/ ssf -s misiam, saqarTveloSi morigi vizitis dasrulebisas, dadebiTad Seafasa saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli samuSao. saqarTvelos mTavrobis misiam gamoxata mier biujetSi kmayofileba sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdasa da Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetSi cvlilebebis gegmasTan dakavSirebiT. 9 TanamSromloba/ israelis mTavrobam aiRo valdebuleba Tavisi qveynis biznesmenebs winaSe da dahpirda maT saxelmwifo garantiebis micemas saqarTveloSi investiciebis warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi. ganxorcielebuli israelis mTavroba srulad aanazRaurebs israelis biznesmenTa savaraudo danakargebs saqarTveloSi. “aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis biznesmenebisaTvis, wyalobiT romlebic riskis mzad faqtori israelis arian saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi daabandon TavianTi kapitali - nulovania”. 90 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 kalendari 11 TanamSromloba / saqarTvelos ewvia TurqeTis samTavrobo delegacia. delegacias meTaurobda TurqeTis premier ministri resep erdogani, romelsac Tan axlda 120 Turqi biznesmeni. TurqeTis mTavrobis meTauri Sexvda saqarTvelos prezident mixeil saakaSvils da qveynis premier ministr zurab Jvanias. maT ganixiles qarTul-Turquli gafarToebis sakiTxebi. ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis aRniSnuli vizitis dros Tbilisi qarTveli biznesmenebis biznes forums maspinZlobda. 12 da Turqi energetika/ amerikis sakonsultacio kompania “PA Consulting Groupma” da saqarTvelos bankma xeli moaweres sagarantio SeTanxmebas, USAID-s programa “saqarTvelos energousafrTxoebis iniciativis” farglebSi, PA Consulting-i axorcielebs soflis meurneobe bis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis proeqts, romelic iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos regionebSi energetikuli proeqtebis xelSewyobas. SerCeul meurneobebs, romelsac proeqti moicavs, grZelvadiani (7- wliani) da iafi 8-12 procentiani kreditebis miRebis SesaZlebloba eZleva. proeqtis damfinanseblebi arian USAID-i (600,000 aSS dolari) da saqarTvelos banki (120,000 aSS dolari). 15 parlamenti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma daamtkica saqarTvelos 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetSi cvlilebebis Setana. aRniSnuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos 2004 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis saSemosavlo nawili, grantebis CaTvliT, 1,655,030 aTas lars Seadgens, xolo saxelmwifo biujetis xarjviTi nawili 1,926,174 aTas lars. centraluri biujetis Semosavlebi da grantebi ganisazRvreba 1,257,330 aTasi laris odenobiT, xarjebi ki 1,426, 974 lariT. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 91 danarTi I: qarTuli eqsportis perspeqtivebi gafarToebuli evrokavSiris bazarze (zogadi mimoxilva) Tamar beruCaSvili, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri evrointegraciis sakiTxebSi mimdinare wlis pirveli maisidan centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis 10 qveyana evrokavSiris sruluflebiani wevri gaxda, rac niSnavs, rom am qveynebisaTvis amoqmedda evrokavSiris savaWro politikis yvela piroba da moTxovna, gavrcelda evrokavSiris yvela ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi savaWro-ekonomikuri xasiaTis SeTanxmebis debulebebi da nakisri valdebulebebi, iseve rogorc damcavi da sxva savaWro zomebi. 1 maisidan isini valdebulni arian gamoiyenon evrokavSiris erTiani sabaJo tarifebi, savaWro wesebi da administraciuli procedurebi. evrokavSirSi gawevrianebiT axali wevrebi iZulebulni gaxdnen gadaexedaT TavianTi ormxrivi savaWro-ekonomikuri SeTanxmebebisTvis da dReisaTvis mesame qveynebTan iyeneben evrokavSiris mier gaformebul am xasiaTis mqone SeT anxmebebsa da aseve evrokavSiris mier dadebul SeTanxmebebs partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare poloneTis, kviprosis, estoneTis, ungreTis, latviisa da slovakeTis respublikebma Seatyobines saqarTvelos mTavrobas ganzraxva arsebuli ormxrivi savaWro-ekonomikuri SeTanxmebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb (rac 2004 wlis 1 maiss ganxorcielda). mimdinare wlis agvistos TveSi saqarTvelos parlamentma ratifikacia gaukeTa saqarTvelosa da evrogaerTianebebisa da maT wevr saxemwifoebs Soris briuselSi 2004 wlis 30 aprils Sesrulebul SeTanxmebis oqms ~partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb~, romlis safuZvelzec saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris aTive axali wevrs Soris urTierTobebi ganxorcieldeba zemoT aRniSnuli partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis debulebebis Sesabamisad. sabaJo-satarifo sferoSi gansaxorcielebeli cvlilebebidan gamomdinare axali wevrebis savaWro politika srulad iqneba harmonizebuli evrokavSiris savaWro politikasTan , rac dadebiT mxareebTan erTad gulisxmobs axladgawevrianebuli qveynebis mxridan vaWrobaSi im teqnikuri barierebisa da SezRudvebis gamoyenebasac, rasac evrokavSiri iyenebs mTel rig produqciasTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad qvotebi safeiqro nawarmze, foladze da zogierT samrewvelo produqciaze. safeiqro nawarmze gazrdili qvotebi imoqmedebs 2005 wlis 1 ianvramde, ris Semdegac vmo-s wevrebs saSualeba miecemaT aRniSnuli produqcia Seitanon evrokavSiris gazrdil bazarze (450 milion ze meti mosaxle) qvotebis gareSe. amasTan, axladgawvrianebuli qveynebi gamoiyeneben Sida mxardaWeris im meqanizmebs, romelsac iyenebs evrokavSiri. rogorc bolo wlebis statistikuri monacemebi mowmoben, evrokavSiris xvedriTi wili saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobaSi, kerZod ki eqsportis nawilSi gaizarda da Seadgens mTliani eqsportis 18 procents. savaraudod gaizrdeba qarTuli Rvinis eqsporti, rasac Tavis mxriv xels Seuwyobs is garemoeba, rom saqarTveloSi ukve Seqmnilia Rvinis xarisxis Semowmebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aRWurvili laboratoria da SesaZlebelia Sesabamisi VI1 saxis sertifikatis gacemac, 92 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 qarTuli eqsportis perspeqtivebi gafarToebuli evrokavSiris bazarze (zogadi mimoxilva) ramac ganapiroba evrokavSiris mier qarTuli Rvinis oficialurad aRiareba, ris Sedegadac SesaZlebeli gaxda qarTuli Rvinis evrokavSiris bazarze legalurad da SeuzRudavi odenobiT eqsportireba. aseve didi perspeqtiviT xasi aTdeba qarTuli naturaluri da mineraluri wylebis eqsportic da sasurvelia, iseve rogorc Rvinis SemTxvevaSi , moxdes evrokavSiris mier saqarTvelos mineraluri da naturaluri wylebis oficialurad aRiarebac. rac Seexeba axladgawevrianebuli qveynebis wils evrokavSi riTan (yofili 15 qveyana) SedarebiT saqarTvelos mTliani eqsportis nawilSi , man iklo da bolo sami wlis manZilze daeca 2.1%-dan 0.8%-mde. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebiT am qveynebma miiRes evrokavSiris erTiani saimporto-sabaJo tarifebi, ris Sedegadac im saqonelze, romelic saqarTvelos ZiriTadad Sehqonda am 10 qveynis bazarze, sabaJo tarifebma ZiriTadad daiklo, Tumca zogierTi qveynis SemTxvevaSi moimata. magaliTad: kakali tyis kakali [Txili], naWuW gaucleli kaka narCenebi ferosi sxvadasxva wylebi Rvino tyis li da jarTi liko saxis mineralur [Txili], berZn Savi manganum manganumis i da naWuW uli liTonebi gaclil i oqsidebi: sa; dagazianeb uli: i estoneTi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kviprosi 109.9 44 44 0 3.7 5.5 0 0 1,05 EUR TiToeul litrze latvia 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 litva 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20%, aranakleb 4 liti/litrze malta 4 4 5 0 6 7 0 poloneTi 32 32 32 0 12 9 0 0 48.0% +Max 96.00 EUR/hl + 0.16 EUR/kg slovenia 10 10 7 0 6 7 0 17.3%+201.2 EUR/t sloakeTi 0 0 0 0 4.8 0 0 30 ungreTi 0 10 15.5 0 0 4 0 62.9 CexeTi 0 0 0 0 4.8 5 0 30 3.2 3.2 5.1 0 3.7 5.5 0 32 €/hl evrokavSiri rogorc cnobilia, 1995 wlidan qarTuli warmoSobis produqcia evrokavSiris bazarze SeRavaTiani savaWro reJimiT (GSP) sargeblobs. evrokavSirSi 10 axali qveynis gawevrianebamde msgavsi preferenciuli savaWro reJi miT saqarTvelo am qveynebidan saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 #.3 93 qarTuli eqsportis perspeqtivebi gafarToebuli evrokavSiris bazarze (zogadi mimoxilva) oTxTan sargeblobda (CexeTi, slovakeTi, poloneTi da estoneTi), romlebsac gaaCndaT evrokavSirisagan gansxvavebuli sistema. gaerTianebis Semdeg oTxis nacvlad aTive axali wevri valdebuli iqneba saqarTveloze SeRavaTebi vaWrobaSi gaavrcelos evrokavSiris sqemiT, rac gulisxmobs qarTuli produqciisaTvis saeqsporto bazris gafarToebas evropis 15 qveynidan 25-mde (sul jamSi 30 qveyana) da am gafarToebul evropis nawilSi saqonlis Setanas sabaJo tarifis sagrZnoblad Semcirebuli ganakveTebiT. zemoT aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gaumjobesdes qarTveli eqsportiorebis evropis am nawilSi bazarze daSvebis pirobebi, radgan ramodenime gansxvavebuli preferenciuli savaWro si stema Sesabamisad gansxvavebuli moTxovnebiTa da wesebiT Seicvleba erTiani sistemiT, rac Tavis mxriv gaadvilebs zogierT administraciul proceduras. amasTanave 1998 wels (noemberSi) saqarTvelom gaakeTa ganacxadi evrokavSiris GSP-is sqemis damatebiTi preferenciebiT sargeblobisaTvis. es damatebiTi, egreTwodebuli wamaxalisebeli, preferenciebi (ukve Semcirebuli sabaJo tarifi kidev 5%-iT mcirdeba) gaTvaliswinebulia evrokavSiris GSP-is sqemis Sromis dacvis uflebebis nawilSi. komisiam ganixila saqarTvelos ganacxadi, Caatara Sesabamisi gamokvlevebi da miiRo gadawyvetileba 2003 wlis bolosaTvis aRniSnuli damatebiTi SeRavaTebis saqarTvelosaTvis miniWebis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, gaurkvevli mizezebis gamo, amgvari SeRavaTebi saqarTvelos dRemde miniWebuli ara aqvs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg, 2004 wlis dasawyisSi, aRniSnuli damatebiTi SeRavaTebi evrokavSirma mianiWa Sri-lankas. zemoT moyvanilis damatebiT, evrokavSiri ufro met preferenciebs aniWebs ganviTarebad qveynebs (178 ganviTarebadi qveyana) vidre yvela danarCeni qveynebi erTad aRebuli da im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom dReisaTvis GSP aris ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi Semosavlebis miRebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi saSualeba, rac exmarebaT maT siRaribis daZlevaSi, evrokomisiam miiRo gadawyvetileba SemuSavdes GSP-s samuSao sqema 2006-2015 wlebisaTvis da gasuli wlebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT gaaumjobesos es sistema zogierTi mimarTulebiT, kerZod: • gaamartivos sistema anu damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli preferenciebis dReisaTvis arsebuli xuTi mimarTuleba Semcirdes samamde, esenia 1) zogadi waxalisebis sqema, 2) ~Everything but arms~ waxalisebis sqema, romlis saSualebiTac msoflios 50 uRaribes qveyanas evrokavSiris bazarze yovelgvari tarifebisa da qvotebis gareSe SeuZlia saqonlis eqsportireba, 3) ~GSP +~ sqema, romelic mianiWebs preferenciebs qveynebs, romlebsac sxvebze metad sWirdebaT isini ganvi TarebisaTvis. • • GSP-is gamonaklisebi gavrceldeba mxolod im saqonelze, romlebic evrokavSiris bazarze arian metad konkurentunariani da warmoSobili arian im qveynebSi, romlebic arian maRalkonkurentunariani da ar saWiroeben waxalisebas. warmoSobis wesebis gaumjobeseba da Sesworeba imgvarad, rom xeli Seewyos regionalur TanamSromlobas. unda aRiniSnos is dadebiTi tendencia, romlis mixedviTac evrokavSirTan saqarTvelos vaWrobaSi GSP-is reJimiT, SeiniSneba garkveuli zrda bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. rogorc statistikuri monacemebi mowmoben , Tu 2000 wels saqarTvelos 94 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 qarTuli eqsportis perspeqtivebi gafarToebuli evrokavSiris bazarze (zogadi mimoxilva) eqsporti evrokavSirSi reJimiT isargebla 18,5 saqarTvelos eqsporti ganxorcielebuli iqna Seadgenda 70,4 milioni aSS dolars da SeRavaTiani (G SP-is) milioni aSS dolaris Rirebulebis saqonelma, 2003 wlisaTvis gaizarda 76 milioni aSS dolaramde, xolo GSP-is reJimiT daaxloebiT 42 milioni aSS dolaris Rirebulebis eqsporti.. gaizarda gacemuli GSP-is SeRavaTebiT sargeblobisaTvis saWiro warmoSobis qveynis damadasturebeli sertifikatebis raodenoba (2000 wels - 363, 2003 wels - 526) Sesabamisad GSP-is gamoyenebis maCvenebeli TiTqmis gaormagda wina wlebTan SedarebiT. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba vivaraudoT , rom 10 axladgawevrianebuli qveynis evrokavSiris reJimSi gadasvla xelsayrel pirobebs Seuqmnis qarTvel mewarmeebs TavianTi produqciis eqsportirebisaTvis evropis 25 qveynis erTian bazarze, rac Tavis mxriv xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gafarToebasa da evropuli integraciis procesis gaRrmavebas. amasTanave gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom axladgawevrianebuli qveynebi verokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sedegad gamoiyeneben yvela im satarifo da arasatarifo barierebs, aseve Sida mxardaWeris yvela im meqanizms, rasac dReisaTvis farTod iyenebs evrokavSiri. amdenad, aRniSnul garemoebebs esaWiroeba safuZvliani Seswavla da analizi, raTa qarTuli biznes sazogadoeba srulyofilad iyos informirebuli im upiratesobaTa, aseve im siZneleTa Sesaxeb, rasac saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gafarToebuli evrokavSiris bazarze daSveba iTvaliswinebs. am mizniT evrointegraciis sakiTxebze saxelmwifo ministris samsaxuri iwyebs aqtiur dialogs biznes wreebTan, samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebTan am mimarTulbiT saqmianobis gaaqtiurebis mizniT. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 #.3 95 danarTi I: saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba iuri rexviaSvili, saqarTvelos institutis qvanaxSiris mecnier TanamSromeli sabadoTa mecnierebaTa damuSavebis akademiis g.wulukiZis laboratoriis gamge, saxelobis institutis samTo wamyvani saqarTvelos energetikis krizisuli mdgomareoba mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia sazRvargareTidan bunebrivi gazisa da navTobproduqte - bis importis aucileblobiT. rogorc msoflios mravali qveynis gamocdileba cxadyofs, am garemoebas xSirad energiaSemcvelebis momwodebeli qveynebi Tavisi politikuri da ekonomikuri miznebis misaRwevad iyeneben.saqarTvelos mimarT analogiuri qmedeba araerTxel ganxorcielebula, rac qveynis ekonomikas mZime mdgomareobaSi ayenebda. ar aris gamoricxuli momavalSiac maTi ganmeoreba. sawvavis eqsportiori qveynis Secvla, Cveni da mosazRvre qveynebis politikuri interesebis saqarTvelos energousafrTxoebis mdgomareobas ver gaaumjobesebs. gaTvaliswinebiT, sufTa ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTac gaumarTlebelia iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, energiaSemcvelebis sazRvargare-Tidan Semozidva. m artivi angariSiT weliwadSi 10-12 mlrd. kvt.sT eleqtroenergiis warmoebas daaxloebiT 3,5-4,0 mln. t.p.s. (tona pirobiTi sawvavi) sWirdeba, romlis Rirebuleba TiTqmis 300 mln. aSS dolars Seadgens. energetikaze am Tanxis gamoyofa, qveynis sakmaod mcire saerTo erovnuli Semosavlis gaTvaliswinebiT, Zalze rTulia. mdgomareobas amZimebs is garemoebac, rom gazisa da navTobis sazRvargareT SeZenis Rirebulebis permanentulad zrdis pirobebSi Zvirdeba importirebul sawvavze warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi, rac qveynis ekonomikis daqveiTebisa da mosaxleobis gaRaribebis erT-erTi mizezTagania. ara da saqarTvelos gaaCnia energetikuli potenciali, romlis amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi umokles droSia SesaZlebeli energiaSemcvelebis importis Semcireba, amis xarjze qveynis energousafrTxoebis ganmtkiceba da eleqtroenergiis generaciis Rirebulebis gaiafeba, Tu msoflios saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi damkvidrebuli tendenciebi iqneba gaziarebuli. 1979 wels tokioSi msoflios Svidi wamyvani qveynis meTaurTa TaTbirze Camoyalibda axali energetikuli doqtrina, romelic, naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis Sedegebidan gamomdinare, msoflios Tanamegobrobis qveynebis energousafTxoebis dacvis, “krizisul” regionebidan gazisa da navTobis importze damokidebulebis Semcirebis uzrunvelsayofad naxSiris mopovebis mkveTr zrdasa da eleqtroenergetikaSi am energiaSemcveliT gazisa da navTobis maqsimalurad Canacvlebas iTvaliswinebs [1]. 1983 wels analogiuri gadawyvetileba miRebulia evropis parlamentis mier [2]. aRniSnuli droidan dawyebuli permanentulad izrdeba naxSiris mopoveba, misi mniSvneloba msoflio saTbob-energetikul eleqtrogeneraciis maStabebi. 96 kompleqsSi da am energiaSemcvelze saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba msoflioSi 2 0 0 1 wels, 1973 welTan SedarebiT, qvanaxSiris mopoveba 2,2-jer gaizarda da 5,0 mlrd. t. miuaxlovda. gaizarda naxSiriT vaWroba da misi eqsporti im qveyne bSi, sadac ar aris naxSiris sabadoebi an mwirea naxSiris maragi. 1973 wels eqsportze gatanili iyo 185 mln. t naxSiri, 2001 wels– 590 mln. t, e.i 3,5-jer meti [4]. tokioSi miRebuli faqtiurad politikuri gadawyvetileba naxSiris mrewvelobis SesaZleblobebs efuZneboda. kerZod, am dargis restruqturizaciisa da misi sabazro ekonomikaSi adaptaciis Sedegebs iTvaliswinebda. gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi daiwyo da dRemde grZeldeba naxSiris mrewvelobis momgebian dargad gardaqmnis procesi, rac sami pirobis SesrulebasTan aris dakavSirebuli [9,10,11]. erTis mxriv gaTvaliswinebulia Saxtebze Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebis xarjze Sromis nayofierebis gazrda mopovebuli naxSiris TviTRirebulebis Semcirebis mizniT. meore mxriv, am maRalmwarmoebluri teqnologiebis srulfasovnad gamoyenebis uzrunvelsayofad mZlavri Saxtebis mSenebloba da eqspluatacia, romelTa wliuri mwarmoebluroba 1,7 mln.t naxSirs mainc unda aRematebodes [10] orive moTxovnilebam yvela mowinave naxSirmompovebel qveyanaSi naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis ideologia gansazRvra. aSS-Si 3500, inglisSi112, ruseTSi 147, CineTSi 8120 dabali mwarmoeblurobis (0,3 -0,7 mln.t naxSiri weliwadSi) SAxti daixura, rekonstruqcia Cautarda perspeqtiul Saxtebs maTi simZlavreebis gazrdis mizniT, aSenda 3-9 mln.t naxSiris wliuri mwarmoeblurobis Saxti. naxSiris mrewvelobis reorganizaciis Sedegad naxSiris mopovebis TviTRirebuleba bolo 10- 12 wels 30-50% Semcirda, rac am energiaSemcvelebis konkurentunarianoba ganamtkica gazsa da navTobis mimarTebaSi [12,13] (cxrili 1). cxrili 1: eleqtroenergiis generaciaSi gamoyenebuli bunebrivi gazisa da naxSiris fasis dinamika wlebis mixedviT, aSS dol/tne. wlebi # qveyana gazi 1993 naxSiri gazi 1997 naxSiri 1998 gazi naxSiri 1 inglisi 136,4 112,7 -- -- 133,7 88,4 2 germania 169,2 222,1 175,6 78,4 -- -- 3 4 TurqeTi aSS 177,5 110,2 80,8 57,0 209,2 118,8 78,3 53,1 --- --- 5 iaponia 170,7 132,8 235,2 110,2 -- -- 6 meqsika 111,0 68,7 126,9 67,6 -- -- 7 fineTi 102,3 73,9 -- -- 131 68,2 naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis principebis praqtikuli realizaciis Sedegebis Sesaxeb srul warmodgenas germaniis magaliTi iZleva. rogorc cnobilia, ruris auzis damuSavebis samTo-geologiuri pirobebi Zalze rTulia. miuxedavad amisa, naxSiris mrewvelobis momgebian dargad gardaqmnis mizniT Sesrulebulma saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 97 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba RonisZiebebma (dotaciuri Saxtebis likvidacia, mZlavri Saxtebis mSenebloba, sawmend -sangrevze dReRamuri datvirTvebis mkveTrad gazrda da a.S.) germaniis naxSiris mrewveloba Tanamedrove maRalmwarmoeblur, mobilur dargad gaxades, rasac cxrili #2 adasturebs. 2000 243-200 3330 0,95 1969 59 180,6 91 90 802 441 --“-- 5400 1,5 1985 25 - 75 99,4 1759 141 --“-- 8350 3,0 1996 19 70,3 50 99,8 2054 76 --“-- 12364 3,7 1997 17 66,6 47 99,8 2500-3000 64 --“-- -- -- 2005 10-11 -- 4050 - --“-- -- 4,6 -- 40-42 Saxtebis saSualo wliuri mwarmoebloba, mln. t./wl-Si 213 lavis saSualo sigrZe, m. 22 sawmend-sangrevebis raodenoba, erT. sawmend-sangrevebis dReRamuri datvirTvebi, t/dReRameSi 123 qvanaxSiris mopoveba,mln. tps./weliwadSi - muSa-mosamsaxureTa raodenoba, aTasi kaci 130 Saxtebis raodenoba 1958 wlebi sawmend-sangrevebis meqanizaciis done, % Saxtze dReRamuri datvirTva, t/dReRameSi cxrili 2: germaniis naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis ZiriTadi Sedegebi mesame pirobis Sesruleba, romelic naxSiris sabazro ekonomikaSi mniSvnelobis ganmtkicebas iTvaliswinebs, naxSiris gasaRebis stabiluri da didi tevadobis bazris SeqmnasTan aris dakavSirebuli. dReisaTvis es amocanac gadawyvetilia. miuxedavad imisa, rom naxSiris wvis teqnologia gazis wvis teqnologiasTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad Zviria, naxSirze warmoebuli eleqtroenergia mainc ufro iafia gaze gamomuSavebul eleqtroenergiaze ([14], cxrili 2), ramdenadac warmoebul energiis RirebulebaSi sawvavis Rirebulebis xvedriTi wili Zalze didia (40- 60%). amasTan Semcirda naxSiris mopovebis TviTRirebuleba da sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda Tes-Si naxSiris wvis teqnologia. 98 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba cxrili 3: sawvavis saxeobis mixedviT gamomuSavebuli 1 kvt. sT eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba 0,051 0,061 0,084 0,084 0,102 0,097 0,050 0,116 0,071 0,107 0,096 0,121 0,136 0,107 153 0,115 0,0198 0,0764 0,3514 1,0191 2,7755 5,4118 0,1677 0,7069 6,3283 23,083 2,7241 0,7140 2,4713 6,2741 19,906 0,054 0,080 qvanax Siri 0,062 buneb rivi gazi qvan navT axS obi iri 0,079 nav buneb Tob rivi i gazi 0,0554 fineTi, evro 0,0669 0,157 TurqeTi, 1000 Turquli lira 0, 161 0,1502 0,163 0,125 -- 0,060 0,134 0,123 0,122 0,107 0,134 0,109 0,094 0,091 buneb qvan rivi axS gazi iri 0,139 0,107 0,066 0,070 0,053 navT obi 0,044 0,051 germania, evro 0,049 ---0,078 0,071 0,068 0,074 0,072 0,051 0,050 0,072 0,074 0,077 0,052 0,050 0,047 0,045 navT buneb qvanaxS obi rivi iri gazi 0,102 0,095 0,177 qvanaxS iri 0,043 0,086 rogorc inglisi, girvanqa sterlini 0,044 0.081 0,095 0,073 1999 0,13 0,104 0,089 1991 1993 0,085 0,094 1995 bunebr ivi gazi 2001 1997 navT obi 0,100 dReebi aSS, dolari bolo cxrilidan Cans, mowinave naxSirmompovebel qveynebSi naxSirze gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi 30-40%- iT mainc naklebia gazze da navTobze warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebaze. amasTan, gazze da navTobze warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis fasi wlebis mixedviT izrdeba, naxSirze mcirdeba. magaliTad, germaniasa da aSS-Si 2000 wels 1991 welTan SedarebiT naxSirze gamomuSavebuli 1kvt.sT. eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebam Sesabamisad 38% da 14% -iT daiklo. gazze da navTobze generirebuli eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba, piriqiT, gaizarda, germaniaSi gazze 14%-iT, navTobze -30%- iT; aSS-Si gazze 50-%-iT, navTobze- 36% -iT. zogierT qveyanaSi samive energiaSemcvelze gamuSavebeli eleqtroenergiis fasi wlebis mixedviT, marTalia, izrdeba, magram naxSirze generirebuli eleqtoenergiis fasi naklebia gazze da navTobze miRebul eleqtroenergiis fasze. naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis Sedegad naxSiris mopovebis TviTRirebulebis Semcirebam, naxSiris maRali ekonomikuri efeqturobiT misi ZiriTadad TboeleqtroenergetikaSi gamoyenebis mizanSewoniloba gansazRvra. amJamad msoflios maStabiT mopovebuli qvanaxSiris 55%, xolo muranaxSiri TiTqmis mTlianad eleqtroenergiis gamomuSavebas xmardeba [3]. msoflios saTbob-energetikul saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 99 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba balansSi naxSiris wilma 26% Seadgina, eleqtroenergiis warmoebaSi 35-38%, xolo industrial qveynebSi 60% gadaaWarba [3,4]. 2001 wels ekonomikurad iseT maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi, rogoric arian dania, portugalia, holandia, samxreT koreia da italia importirebul naxSirze eleqtroenergiisa d a siTbos gamomuSvebam Sesabamisad 9 5,5%; 8 5%; 68,9% da 55,4% Seadgina [5]. msoflio saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi naxSiris mniSnelobis zrda imanac ganapiroba, rom mowinave naxSirmompovebel qveynebSi naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis strategiuri politika warmoebis ekologiur usafrTxoebasa da mosaxleobisaTvis xelsayreli, sasicocxlo pirobebis Seqmnis aucileblobas efuZvneba. [6] kerZod, Tes- ebSi naxSiris wvis teqnologiis gaumjobesebis Sedegad naxSiris wvis procesSi gamoyofili mavne airebisa da myari nawilakebis utilizaciis SesaZleblobam atmosferos gaWuWyianeba ekologiur normebamde daiyvana. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis specialistebi miiCneven, rom erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi, ramac naxSiri eleqtrogeneraciaSi didi masStabiT gamoyeneba ganapiroba, naxSiris Tes-ebSi garemos SesrulebasTan aris dakavSirebuli [7]. dacvis Tanamadrove moTxovnilebaTa amJamad aSS-Si, ruseTSi da sxva qveynebSi samrewvelo gamocda gaiara da axlo momavalSi Tes- ebSi farTod iqneba gamoyenebuli wyalnaxSirovani sawvavi, romlis Tvisebebi ara marto naxSiris ekonomiur upiratesobas ganamtkicebs gazzsa da navTobis mimarTebaSi, aramed mkveTrad gaaumjobesebs naxSiris, rogorc sawvavis, ekologiur maCveneblebs.sakmarisia iTqvas, rom wyalnaxSirovan sawvavze momuSave teqnologiebi (naxSiris wvis tradiciul meTodTan SedarebiT) 2,5- 3-jer amcireben myari nawilakebis, xolo 1,5-2-jer gogirdis oqsidebisa da 2-2,5-jer azotis oqsidebis gamoyofas atmosferoSi [7]. metic bolo wlebSi Sesrulebuli kvlevebiT dadginda, rom gaze da navTobze momuSave Tes - ebi gacilebiT ufro did zians ayeneben bunebas vidre naxSiris Tboeleqtrosadgurebi [8]. amrigad, naxSiris mrewvelobam msoflios saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi damkvidrebuli tendenciebis gavlenis Sedegad strategiuli mniSvneloba SeiZina. industriuli qveynebis sabaziso eleqtroenegetika naxSirzea orientirebuli. eqspertTa azriT momavalSi na xSiris mopoveba kidev ufro gaizrdeba da naxSiri, iseve rogorc amJamad, eleqtrogeneraciaSi #1 energiaSemcveli darCeba [3,4] aRsaniSnavia, rom naxSiris mopoveba da misi eleqtroenergiis warmoebaze gamoyenebis maStabebis zrda ZiriTadad mowinave naxSirmompovebeli qveynebis (aSS, kanada, samxreT afrikis respublika, CineTi, ruseTi, avstralia da a.S.) wilad modis. Tu ekonomikurad ganviTarebul qveynebSi gasuli saukunis 70- ian wlebSi naxSiris mrewvelobis xarisxobrivad, momgebian dargad gardaqmnis process Caeyara safuZveli, yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi da amdenad saqarTveloSic, piriqiT, imdroindeli mTavrobis mier miRebuli Zireulad mcdari energetikuli politikis Sedegad 100 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba naxSiris mrewveloba koroziulma procesebma moicves. pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia, rom naxSiris meorexarisxovani energiaSemcvelis mniSvneloba mieniWa. adre naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis saWiroebisaTvis gamoyofili 125 mlrd. rubli gazisa da navTobis mopovebis zrdas moxmarda. Semcirda naxSiris gamoyeneba Tboeleqtro sadgurebSi. Tu 1960 wels naxSiris wili sakavSiro energoresursebis warmoebaSi 60% aRemateboda, 1992 wels es maCvenebeli 17,3%- mde davida (eleqtroenergiis warmoebaSi 26-28% Seadgina). amave droisaTvis gazis wili eleqtrogeneraciaSi 67% miaRwia, rac industriulad ganviTarebuli qveynebis praqtikis Sesabamisad, gipertrofirebuli maCvenebelia. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ruseTma uari Tqva mcdar energetikul politikaze da qveynis energousafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebas prioriteti mianiWa. 1999 welTan SedarebiT 2020 wels naxSiris mopoveba 1,9-jer, xolo gazisa da navTobis TiToeulis mopoveba mxolod 1,2jer gaizrdeba. amasTan gazi ZiriTadad gazgadamamuSavebel kompleqsSi da sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi iqneba gamoyenebuli da ara eleqtroenergiis warmoebaze [15,16]. ruseTis naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mniSvneloba imiTac dasturdeba, rom finansuri, ekonomikuri da teqnikur RonisZiebaTa kompleqsis Sesrulebis Sedegad dargi gamovida mZime e konomikuri krizisidan da 2003 wels rentabelur reJimSi daiwyo muSaoba [17]. ruseTidan gansxvavebiT saqarTveloSi naxSirze, rogorc meorexarisxovan energiaSemcvelze, dRemde sabWouri Sexeduleba darCa, Tumca jer kidev gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebis dasawyisSi qarTvelma specialistebma, rogorc mowinave naxSirmompovebeli qvenebis maTma kolegebma , swored gansazRvres naxSiris, rogorc energiaSemcvelis mniSvneloba da misi ZiriTadad eleqtroenergetikaSi gamoyenebis aucilebloba. maTi iniciativiT aSenda da eqspluataciaSi Cabarda tyvarCelis Tesi, rusTavis matalurgiuli da quTaisis avtomSeneblobis qarxnebis Tec-ebi, romelTaA jamuri simZlavre TiTqmis 400 mg.vets. Seadgenda. amis garda, 50 -mde mgv-is sinZlavre 600 t/saaTSi orTqlis warmoebas xmardeboda teqnologiuri da sayofacxovrebo seqtorebis saWiroebisaTvis. samive Tboeleqtro sadguris moTxovnileba naxSirze weliwadSi 1,5 mln.t gadaaWarba. gasuli saukunis 60- iani wlebis bolos Cvens qveyanaSi adgilobrivi da importirebuli naxSiris moxmarebam 4,5 mln.t miaRwia. respublikaSi mopovebuli naxSiris saerTo raodenobidan eleqtroenergiis warmoebas 50% xmardeboda, rac im droisaTvis msoflio masStabiTac ki Zalze maRali maCvenebeli iyo. sayofacxovrebo seqtors daaxloebiT 17% (0,5 mln.t) naxSiri mihqonda. SemdgomSi eleqtroenergetikaSi naxSiris gamoyenebis masStabebi Semcirda da sul male samive Tboeleqtrosadguri gauqmda. saqarTv eloSi gabatonda mcdari azri naxSirTan SedarebiT bunebriv gaze eleqtroenergiis warmoebisa da naxSiris sayofacxovrebo seqtorSi gamoyenebis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb, ramac kidev ufro gaarTula naxSiris mrewvelobis mdgomareoba da mis Sesanaxad gazarda dotaciebi . metic, specialistTa nawili naxSiris mrewvelobas ixilavs, rogorc uperspeqtivo dargs, raionuli mniSvnelobis sawarmos, romelsac mxolod da mxolod regionis socialuri pirobebis gadawyveta Tu SeuZlia, isic qveynis biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxebis xarjze. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 101 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba qveynis saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi naxSiris adgilsa da rolze mcdari Sexeduleba safuZvlad udevs bolo aTi wlis manZilze saqarTvelos prezidentis mier gamocemul brZanebebsa d a gankargulebebs, romlebic naxSiris mrewvelobis momgebian dargad gardaqmnis aucileblobaze ki ar arian orientirebuli, aramed dotaciuri dargis SenarCunebas isaxaven miznad, magram uSedegod. rogorc msoflios, pirvel rigSi ki mowinave naxSirmompovebeli qveynebis gamocdileba cxadyofs, naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgena da mis Tanamedrove dargad gardaqmna SesaZlebelia mxolod investiciebis xarjze. am WeSmaritebis fonze saqarTveloSi TiTqosda naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis saWiroebisaTvis yovelwliurad 1,5- 2,0 mln. laris gamoyofas azri ar aqvs, rasac naxSiris mrewvelobis degradaciis SeuCerebeli procesi adasturebs. amJamad tyibulis Saxtebze naxSiris mopoveba faqtiurad Sewyvetilia, naxSiris gasaRebis bazari moSlilia, Saxtebi da damxmare sawarmo obieqtebi mZime mdgomareobaSi imyofeba. sinamdvileSi, saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobas SeuZlia uzrunvelyos qveynis saTbob-energetikuli kompleqsis eqspluataciis mdgradoba da misi funqcionirebis avtonomiuroba, TboeleqtrosadgurebSi ZviradRirebuli importirebuli gazisa da navTobis adgilobrivi naxSiriT Canacvlebis xarjze da amdenad, Seasrulos, rogorc es mowinave naxSirmompovebel qveynebSia damkvidrebuli, strategiuli dargis roli. am arqimniSvnelobis problemis gadawyveta SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ideologia msoflios energetikaSi damkvidrebuli tendenciebis, xolo dargis restruqturizacia dasavleT evropis modelis Sesabamisad warimarTeba. saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis Tanamedrove, strategiul dargad gardaqmnas mravali principuli mniSvnelobis faqtori uwyobs xels: -- tyibul-Saoris sabados damuSavebis samTo-geologiuri pirobebi marTlac rTulia, magram sabados teqnologiurobis, e.i. damuSavebis s irTulis maCvenebeli, rogorc Cveni kvlevebiT dadginda [18], 1,5- 2,0 -jer naklebia ruris, doneckis auzebisa da inglisis naxSiris sabadoebis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. Tu mxedvelobaS i miviRebT im garemoebas, rom rac ufro xelsayrelia samTo- geologiuri pirobebi, miT ufro maRalia Saxtis samecniero-teqnikuri progresis amTviseblobis xarisxi [10], maSin germaniisa da inglisis Saxtebis restruqturizaciis Sedegebis tyibul-Saoris sabados pirobebSi gaTvaliswinebis sruli ufleba arsebobs. es ki imas niSanavs, rom tyibulis Saxtebze SesaZlebelia Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebis xarjze samTo samuSaoebis koncentracia da intensifikacia, rac naxSiris mrewvelobis momgebian dargad gardaqmnis umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa. amas saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis samTo institutis mier gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi tyibulis Saxtebze Catarebuli meqanizirebuli samuSaoebis Sedegebic adastureben [19]. did 102 teqnologiebis danergviTi - saqarTvelo (naxSirze moTxovnil ebis gaTvaliswinebiT) am energiaSemcvelis marags flobs, romlis 80%-mde tyibul-Saoris sabadozea Tavmoyrili. im saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba SemTxveaSic ki, Tu saWiro gaxdeba Tes-ebSi importirebuli gazis adgilobirivi naxSiriT mTlianad Canacvleba, mxolod tyibul-Saoris sabados sabalanso maragiT qveynis Tboenergetika 70-80 wliT mainc iqneba uzrunvelyofili. -saqarTvelos naxSiris xarisxi akmayofilebs amJamad eleqtrogeneraciaSi naxSirisadmi wayenebul yvela moTxovnilebas. -saqarTvelos naxSiris did energetikaSi gasaRebis mniSvnelovani bazari arsebobs. gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, rodesac qveyanaSi stabiluri mdgomareoba iyo, energosistemis sabaziso simZlavris deficitis dasafaravad gaTvaliswinebuli iuo Tbilisis sres-is gafarToeba 2100 mgvt dadgmul sinZlavremde, respublikis garedan Semotanil gazisa da naxSiris (!) bazaze quTaisis (900 mgvt) da marneulis (750 mgvt) axali Tboeleqtrosadgurebis mSenebloba [16]. samwuxarod, es problema dRemde ar mogvarebula. Tumca, misi gadawyveta erovnuli interesebidan gamomdinare savaldebuloa . imedia, rom am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli iqneba ara importirebuli naxSiri da gazi (qveynis strategiuli interesebis sawinaaRmdegod), aramed tyibulis naxSiri. - naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenasa da ganviTarebas xels uwyobs tyibul-Saoris sabadoze naxSiris saukunovani tradiciebi, naxSiris mrewveloba jer -jerobiT uzrunvelyofilia maRalkvalificiuri kadrebiT, mas emsaxureba samecniero, saproeqto da saswavlo organizaciebi, qalaqi tyibuli kargad ganviTarebul samrewvelo da sayofacxovrebo infrastruqturas flobs, saqarTvelos yvela regions ukavSirdeba rkinigziT da avtomagistralebiT da a.S. amrigad, saqarTveloSi naxSiris mrewvelobis gansaviTareblad gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis pirobebi arsebobs. maTi gaTvaliswinebiT savaldebuloa tyibulSi Tanamedrove kompleqsis `Saxta-Tboeleqtrosadguris” mSenebloba, romlis mdgrad, momgebian reJimSi eqspluatacias unda ganapirobebdes Semdeg ideologiaze dafuZnebuli naxSiris mrewveloba: naxSiris mrewvelobis teqnikuri maCveneblebi ara marto unda pasuxobdes saerTaSoriso standartebs, aramed masSi Cadebuli samecniero-teqnikuri progresis potenciali dargis Semdgom ganviTarebasac unda uzrunvelyofdes. miTumetes, rom mecnierulad dasabuTebulia rurisa da doneckis auzebis, inglisis naxSiris sabadoebis SaxtebSi dagrovili mdidari gamocdilebis tyibul-Saoris sabados pirobebSi gadmotanis SesaZlebloba. - saqarTvelos energousafrTxoebis dacvisa da mopovebuli naxSiris did energetikaSi CarTvis ekonomikuri mizanSiwonilobis misaRwevad tyibul-Saoris sabados Saxtebze, rogorc amas msoflio mowinave naxSirmompovebeli qveynebis praqtika adasturebs, mopovebulma naxSiris raodenobam unda uzrunvelyos naxSirze 28-30% elqtroenergiis warmoebas. saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis uwyvetad ganviTarebisa mopovebis permanentulad zrdis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia da naxSiris ara marto arsebuli saSaxto fondis racionalurad gamoyeneba, aramed axali simZlavreebis eqspluataciaSi gaSveba, rasac gamarTleba eqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erTis mxriv, uari eTqmeba naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis sabWour models, sadac es saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 103 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba dargi dotaciur dargad ixileba, meore mxriv, arsebuli da axali simZlavreebis momgebian reJimSi eqspluataciis misaRwevad (naxSiris mrewvelobis resptruqturizaciis principebidan gamomdinare) tyibul-Saoris sabados naxSiris maragis struqturis formirebisa da naxSiris mopovebis axali teqnologiuri baza Seiqmneba. amrigad, saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis konkurentunarian, kompaqtur dargad gardaqmnis mizniT savaldebuloa: - arsebuli Saxtebis rekonstruqcia im pirobiT, rom am Saxtebze naxSiris mopoveba maT velebSi moqceuli maragis damuSavebiT ganisazRvreba. - axali maRalmwarmoebluri Saxtis mSenebloba, - samTo samuSaoebis konce ntracia da intensifikacia Tanamedrove naxSirmompovebeli manqanebisa da meqanizmebis danergvis xarjze. - sabados gaxsnisa da momzadebis progresuli teqnologiuri saqmeebis damuSaveba da maTi danergva. - kompleqsis `Saxta-Tboeleqtrosadguris~ simZlavre unda uzrunvelyofdes qveynis energousafrTxoebasa da naxSirze warmoebul eleqtroenergiis konkurentunarianobas importirebul gaze da navTobze warmoebul eleqtroenergiis mimarTebaSi. 1997 wels saqarTvelos saTbob- energetikis ministris brZanebiT Seqmnilma jgufma zemoTCamoTvlili pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seasrula tyibul-Saoris sabados sistemuri gadafaseba, daadgina tyibulis naxSiris d id e nergetikaSi gamoyenebis ekonomikuri mizanSewoniloba, naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis Teoriisa da praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT daamuSava saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis modeli, daadgina misi optimaluri parametrebi da mis safuZvelze Camoayaliba `saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis programa [21]. programa moxsenda TiTqmis yvela specializirebul organizacias, gaiara mkacri saeqsperto Semowmeba saqarTvelos ekonomikis saministroSi da yvelgan maRali Sefaseba daimsaxura. programis mokle da saSualo vadiani nawilebi ZiriTadad moqmedi Saxtebis momgebian sawarmo erTeulebad gardaqmnaze arian orientirebulebi. programis am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebulia e. mindelisa da a. ZiZiguris saxelobis Saxtebis gaerTianeba da maTi rekonstruqcia, naxSiris mopoveba maTi velebis farglebSi. Cveni da departament `saqnaxSiris~ erToblivi gaTvlebiT, gaerTianebul Saxtaze misi rekonstruqciis pirveli wlis bolos naxSiris mopoveba 200 aTas t. Seadgens, xolo 2 wlis Semdeg 600-700 aTas t. miaRwevs (cxrili 4). 104 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba cxrili 4: gaerTianebuli Saxtis ZiriTadi teqnikur-ekonomikuri maCveneblebi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 maCvenebeli naxSiris mopoveba weliwadSi mSeneblobis Rirebuleba (rekonstruqcia) mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba momuSaveTa raodenoba amoRebuli naxSiris 1 t. TviTRirebuleba 1 t naxSiris sarealizacio fasi Saxtis gaangariSebiTi mogeba ganzomileba aT.tona aT.aSS dolari weli kaci dolari dolari ml.dolari 8 9 10 amortizaciis anaricxi kapdabandebis anazRaurebis vada rentabeloba (amortizaciis CaTvliT) mln.dolari weli % raodenoba 600 14000 2 750 17,35 21,0 2,1 3,35 3 48,0 programis grZelvadiani nawilis ideologia (2009-2015 ww.) adgilobrivi naxSiris qveynis saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi, ZiriTadad ki eleqtroenergetikaSi, srulyofilad damkvidrebas iTvaliswinebs Saoris moedanze axali, mZlavri Saxtis mSeneblobis xarjze. Saoris naxSirSemcvel moedanze mZlavri naxSirismompovebeli sawarmos Seqmna SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu am Saxts mTlianad gadaecema Saoris moednis naxSiris samrewvelo maragi (200 mln.t), xolo gaerTianebul Saxts, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia programis mokle da saSualo nawilebiT, misi saSaxto velis sazRvrebSi moqceuli naxSiris maragis damuSavebis Semdeg ar miecema Saoris axal ubnebze Sesvlis SesaZlebloba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ara marto tyibulis Zvel Saxtebze gaizrdeba naxSiris mopovebis TviTRirebuleba, aramed uSualod Saoris moednis auTvisebel farTze, maragis ukmarisobis gamo, mxolod dabali mwarmoeblurobis, e.i dotaciuri Saxtis mSenebloba gaxdeba SesaZlebeli. aseTi Saxtis eqspluataciis SemTxvevaSi qveynis energousafrTxoebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad arc mopovebuli naxSiris raodenoba iqneba sakmarisi, arc moTxovnileba am naxSiris maRali Rirebulebis gamo. mcdari teqnikuri gadawyvetilebis Sedegad saqarTvelos strategiuli dargi (naxSiris mrewveloba) -miuxedavad imisa, rom mas tyibul-Saoris sabados saxiT myari baza gaaCnia, dakargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas da ganviTarebis perspeqtivas. naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis Teoriisa da praqtikis, ruris auzisa da tyibul-Saoris sabados Saxtebis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT Cvens mier dasabuTebulia Saoris naxSirSemcveli moednis maragebze 3,5 mln.t. naxSiris wliuri mwarmoeblurobis Tanamedrove Saxtis mSeneblobis, moednis blokuri sqemiT da daxrili WaurebiT gaxsnis mizanSewoniloba, rac ara marto kapitaluri gvirabebis gayvanisa da Senaxvis xarjebs amcirebs, aramed am Saxtaze naxSiris mopovebis, samTo samuSaoebis intensifikaciisa da koncentraciis gazrdis saSualebas iZleva. [22] saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 105 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba cxrili 5: Saoris naxSirSemcvel moedanze 3,5 mln.t naxSiris wliuri mwarmoeblurobis axali Saxtis ZiriTadi teqnikur-ekonomikuri maCveneblebi maCvenebeli 2 1 ganzomileba 3 raodenoba 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 naxSiris mopoveba weliwadSi mSeneblobis Rirebuleba mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba momuSaveTa raodenoba (siobrivi) amoRebuli naxSiris 1 t. TviTRirebuleba 1 t naxSiris sarealizacio fasi mln.tona mln.aSS dolari weli kaci aSS dolari aSS dolari 3,5 200 6 1850 15,6 21,0 7 8 9 gaangariSebiTi mogeba saamortizacio anaricxi weliwadSi kapdabandebis anazRaurebis vada mogebis da amortizaciis jamiT rentabeloba TviTRirebulebis , mogebisa da amortizaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. mln aSS dolari mln.aSS dolari weli 19,0 22,0 5 % 75,0 diskontirebuli Semosavlis kriteriumi mln.aSS dolari 19,2 10 11 Saoris moedanze Tanamedrove Saxtis mSeneblobis Rirebulebis dasadgenad, erTis mxriv, gaTvaliswinebulia ruseTis gamocdileba, romlis Sesabamisad 1 mln.t. naxSiris wliuri mwarmoeblurobis Saxtis mSenebloba 1,23 mlrd.rubls Seadgens, 2 mlrd. t naxSiris wliuri simZlavris Saxtis orjer mets da a.S. [23]. meore mxriv, tyibul-Saoris sabados pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT Saxtis mSeneblobisaTvis saWiro kapitaluri dabandebis moculoba, am xarjebis sxvadasxva mimarTulebis xvedriTi wili, Saxtis muSaobis reJimi, 1000 tona naxSiris mopovebisaTvis saWiro masalebis, energiis, sawvavis raodenoba, ZiriTadi mowyobilobis saorientacio Rirebuleba da sxva miRebulia ruseTis kuzneckis auzis naxSirmompovebel sawarmoTa proeqtirebis moTave institutis `????????????????~ monacemebis safuZvelze. qvemoT motanil cxrilSi mocemulia axal Saxtze mopovebuli saqarTveloSi importirebuli gazisa da navTobis SedarebiTi Rirebuleba. naxSiris, cxrili 6: eleqtrogeneraciaSi gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva sawvavis Rirebulebis SedarebiTi cxrili (sawvavis Tbounarianobis da fas is mixedviT) maCvenebeli naxSiri bunebribi gazi mazuTi -pirobiTi sawvavis Tbounarianoba -faqtiuri sawvavis Tbounarianoba -pirobiTi sawvavis Tbounarianobis Sefardeba faqtiurTan -erTi da igive raodenobis siTbos Semcvelis moculoba 7000 kkal/kg 29,3 mj/kg 4200 kkal/kg 17,4 mj/kg 7000:4200=1,68 29,3:17,4=1,68 7000 kkal/kg 29,3 mj/m3 9000 kkal/ 37,7 mj/ m 3 7000:9000=0,78 29,3:37,7=0,78 7000 kkal/kg 29,3 mj/kg 9800 kkal/kg 41,0 mj/kg 7000:9800=0,71 29,3:41,0=0,71 1,68 tona 780 m3 0,71 tona 1 tona 21 dolari 1000 m3 90 dolari 1 tona 100 dolari 35,1 70,2 71,0 -faqtiuri sawvavis sabazro fasi - erTi da igive raodenobis siTbos Semcveli sawvavis Rirebuleba, dolari 106 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba rogorc cxrilidan Cans, yvelaze iafi sawvavi naxSiria. miuxedavad imisa, rom naxSiris wvis teqnologia SedarebiT Zviria, am energia-Semcvelis gamoyeneba iZleva sagrZnob efeqts, radgan Tboeleqtrosadguris gamomuSavebuli energiis TviTRirebulebaSi sawvavis Rirebulebis xvedriTi wili Zalze didia (40- 60%). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom axali Saxtis eqspluataciaSi gaSvebis droisaTvis gazisa da navTobis fasis gazrdis Sedegad naxSiris konkurentunarianoba am energiaSemcvelebis mimarTebaSi kidev ufro gaizrdeba. cxrili 7: tyibulis naxSiris bazaze 100 mg.vati simZlavris Tboeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis eqspluataciis saorientacio teqnikur-ekonomikuri maCveneblebi # maCvenebeli 1 2 3 4 5 simZlavre kapitaluri dabandeba mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba samuSao saaTebis raodenoba weliwadSi gamomuSavebuli el. energiis raodenoba mg.vati mln.dolari weli sT ml.kvt/sT 100 90 3 7200 720 6 7 8 9 10 sawvavis (naxSiris) xarji weliwadSi 1 kvt/sT TviTRirebuleba realizaciis satarifo ganakveTi mogeba (gaangariSebiTi) Semonadeni amor tizaciidan aT.tona centi centi mln.dolari mln.dolari 360 2,75 4,11 9,1 6,7 11 12 kapdabandebis anazRaurebis vada rentabeloba: TviTRirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi weli % 47,0 ZiriTad fondebTan mimarTebaSi % 10,0 sufTa diskontirebuli Semosavali (t=15 E=10%) sufTa mogeba mln.dolari 10,0 mln.dolari 4,5 13 14 is ganzomileba raodenoba 5 3,0-3,2 mln.t naxSiris eleqtrogeneraciaSi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi `Saxta-Tes~kompleqsis eqspluatacia naxSirze bazisuri eleqtroenergiis 4 5-60%- is gamomuSavebas uzrunvelyofs, xolo 1 kvt.sT eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba 2,8 cents ar gadaaWarbebs (tarifi 4,11 centi); yovelwliuri mogeba 140-150 mln. aSS dolars aRemateba (saamortizacio anaricxebidan monadeni Tanxis CaTvliT); kapdabandebis anazRaurebis vada 6 weliwadze naklebi iqneba; disokontirebis Semosavalis maCvenebeli 19,0 tolia; maRalxelfasian samuSaoebze sul cota 4500- 5000 moqalaqe dasaqmdeba. Tes-Si daculi iqneba. naxSiris wvasTan dakavSirebiT yvela ekologiuri moTxovna Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sazRvargar eT energiaSemcvelebis SesaZenad saWiro Tanxebis didi nawili moxmardeba ara energiaSemcvelebis momwodebel qveynis, aramed saqarTvelos ekonomikas, maSin tyibulSi `Saxta-Tes~- is mSeneblobis ekonomikuri mizanSewoniloba yovelwliurad 50-100 mln. dolariT gaizrdeba. da bolos Saxtisa da Tboeleqtrosadguris erT kompleqsSi gaerTianeba, rogorc amas msoflios praqtika adasturebs, teqnikurad xelsayrelia da ekonomikurad saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 107 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba momgebiani. Saxts naxSiris gasaRebis myari bazari eZleva, Tesi mudmivad uzrunvelyofili iqneba proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli odenobis, xarisxisa da Sesabamisi markis naxSiriT. Saxti, rogorc kompleqsis erT-erTi ZiriTadi erTeuli, regularulad momaragdeba teqnologiuri aRWurvilobiTa da masalebiT. Tess naxSiri miewodeba, Saxti ki Tes-idan eleqtroenergias miiRebs TviTRirebulebis fasiT, Semcirdeba administraciuli, sasawyobo, satransporto da infrastruqturis xarjebi [13]. saqarTveloSi naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani garemoebiT. rogorc cnobilia, kavkasioni ganicdis mudmiv awevas, kolxeTis dablobi ki mudmiv daZirvas, xolo saqarTvelos teritoriis didi nawili mdebareobs 7 da 8 baliani miwisZvrebis zolSi. am realobis gaTvaliswinebiT rigi specislistisaTv is dRemde gaugebaria, Tu ratom dadga, saerTod, kavkasionis maRalmTianeTSi msxvili h idroteqnikuri kvanZis xudonhesis mSeneblobis sakiTxi, maSin, rodesac tyibul-Saoris sabados SedarebiT usafrTxo adgilmdebareoba gaaCnia da am sabados aseulobiT mln. t auTvisebeli naxSiris did energetikaSi CarTvis yvela piroba arsebobs. amrigad, tyibul-Saoris sabados sistemuri gadafasebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT damuSavebuli naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciis modelis praqtikuli realizaciis SemTxvevaSi dargi strategiul mniSvnelobas SeiZens da srulfasovnad Seasrulebs, rogorc es mowinave naxSirmompovebel qveynebSia damkvidrebuli, qveynis energousafrTxoebis garantis rols, xolo tyibulis naxSirze warmoebuli eleqtroenergia konkurentunariani iqneba gazze da navTobze generirebul eleqtroenergiis mimarT. samwuxarod, Cvens mier damuSavebulma programam, misi gansakuTrebuli politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, praqtikuli realizacia ver hpova, ZiriTadad imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saqarTvelos energetikuli politika dRemde naxSirs ixilavs, rogorc energiaSemcvels, erovnuli interesebis gauTvaliswineblad meorexarisxovan eleqtroenergiis warmoebas importirebul gazsa da navTobze miiCnevs mizanSewonilad. Cveni azriT, naxSiris mrewvelobis SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT savaldebuloa saqarTvelos energetikuli politikis sabaziso eleqtroenergetikis ZiriTadad adgilobrivi naxSiris gamoyenebaze orientireba. gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis problemebis umokles droSi da dadebiTad gadawyvetis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa 1998-2003 wlebSi Cvens mier miRebuli tyibul-Saoris sabados sistemuri gadafasebis Sedegebisa da tyibulis Saxtebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT ganaxldes 1997 wels damuSavebuli `saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis programa~, romlis praqtikuli realizacia naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da strategiul dargad gardaqmnis erTad-erTi SesaZleblobaa. 108 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba daskvnebi 1. amJamad msoflio mowinave naxSirmompovebeli qveynebis sabaziso energetika (aSS, kanada, samxreT afrikis respublika, avs tralia, CineTi, inglisi, germania da a .S) mTeli rigi fundamenturi xasiaTis politikuri da ekonomikuri faqtorebis gavlenis Sedegad adgilobrivi naxSiris maqsimalurad gamoyenebazea orientirebuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi importirebulzec. magaliTad, dania, portugalia, holandia, samxreT koreia, italia, iaponia. msoflioSi naxSiris mopoveba da misi eleqtrogeneraciaSi gamoyeneba permanentulad izrdeba. 2001 wels 1973 welTan SedarebiT msoflioSi naxSiris mopoveba 2-jer gaizarda da 5 mlrd.t miuaxlovda. mopovebuli naxSiris TiTqm is 60% eleqtroenergiis warmoebaze modis. naxSiris mrewvelobis restruqturizaciisa da naxSiris wvis teqnologiis gaumjobesebis Sedegad naxSirze gamomuSavebuli eleqtroenergia 20-30%- iT mainc ufro naklebia gazsa da navTobze generirebul eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebaze. msoflio maStabiT naxSirze warmoebuli eleqtroenergiis wilma saSualod 35-38% Seadgina, mowinave naxSirmompovebel qveynebSi 60% strategiul dargad gardaqmna. gadaaWarba. amrigad, naxSiris mrewveloba 2. saqarTvelos energetikuli politika ar iTvaliswinebs msoflios saTbobenergetikul kompleqsSi damkvidrebul tendenciebs, erovnuli interesebis sawinaaRmdegod uars ambobs tyibulis naxSirebis gamoyenebaze d a politikurad arasaimedo, ZviradRirebul energiaSemcvelebis imports amjobinebs, rac saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ZiriTadi bazis tyibul-Saoris sabados aTvisebisa da tyibulis naxSirebis bazisur eleqtrogeneraciaSi CarTvis mizanSewonilobis mcdari Sefasebis Sedegia. 3. tyibul-Saoris sabados sistemurma gadafasebam cxadyo, rom am sabados safuZvele SesaZlebelia Tanamedrove da kompaqturi naxSiris mrewvelobis Camoyalibeba, romelic ara marto yovelwliurad sul cota 160-180 mln. dolaris mogebas uzrunvelyofs, aramed qveynis energousafrTxoebis garantis rols Seasrulebs, rogorc es mowinave naxSirmompovebel da mTeli rigi industriul qveynebSia damkvidrebuli. 4. gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis problemis umokles droSi da dadebiTad gadawyvetis uzrunvelsayofad, Cveni azriT, saqaTvelos ministrTa kabinetma unda Seqmnas muSa jgufi, romelsac daevaleba 1998 -2003 wlebSi Cvens mier miRebuli tyibul-Saoris sabados sistemuri gadafasebis Sedegebisa da tyibulis Saxtebis Tanamedrove mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT 1997 damuSavebuli `saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis programis~ ganaxleba da mis safuZvelze mimzidveli sainvesticio programis Camoyalibeba, romlis praqtikuli realizacia naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da strategiul dargad gardaqmnis erTaderTi SesaZleblobaa. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 109 saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri mniSvneloba literatura 1. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????? – ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?I ????. ? ????, ? 9, 1996, ?. 49-52. 2. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? . ? ? ? ? ? -???? ? ????? ??. „? ????“, ? ., 1985, ?. 8, 20. 3. ?????????? ????????. ?????, ? 2, 2004, ?.69,70 4. ?????????? ????????. ?????, ? 1, 2004, ?.64-65. 5. T.javaxiSvili. energetikuli resursebis moxmareba yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi 2000 wels. samTo Jurnali, #1-2 (10-11), 2003. gv. 78. 6. ?????? ?.? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????, 12, 2000, ?. 48. 7. ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? 15-16 ?? ?? 2000?. ? ?. ?????-? ?????????. ?????, ? 8, 2000, ?. 10,12. 8. ? ???? ? .?. ???????? ?.?. ???????? ???????? ? ????????????? ??? (??????????? ? ??????? ? ??????????). ? ????, ? 5, 2004.?. 41-47. 9. ?????????? ?.?., ????????? ?. ?., ????? ?. ?. ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????-???????, ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????, ????, ? 5, 2000, ?. 73-74. 10.????? ? ? ? . ? . , ? ? ? ? ? ? .?., ??????????? ?.?., ??????? ?.?. ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ? ????? ?????????? ? ??????????. ?????, ? 11, 2000.?. 14-15. 11. ?????? ?.?. ???? ???? ? ?????????????? ????????? ??????. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? 2(3), ????????, 2000, ?. 54. 12. International Energy Agency . Natural gas information,1999, Editijn, III, 28. 13. ????????? ?.? ., ? ???????? ?. ?., ???????????? ?.?., ???????? ?.?. ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ? ???????????????????? ?? ???. ???????????????, ? .,2002. ?.108-124, 200. 14. International Energy Agency. First quarter, 2001, p. 164-318. 15. ? ???? ?? ? . ? . ? ? ? ? ? ? . ? . ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ??I ????. ?????, ? 11, 2000, ?. 52, 53. 16.???????? ?.?. ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????. ?????, ? 2, 2004, ?. 4-7. 17. ? ? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?.? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????, ? 1, 2004. ?.3. 18. i.rexviaSvili, v .wverava Saoris naxSirSemcveli moednis damuSavebis samTogeologiuri pirobebis Sefaseba. samTo Jurnali, 2(5), 2000, gv. 34-35. 19. ??????????? ? .?. ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? – ? ???????? ?????????????. ??. ?????? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? «?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ? ?????????, ???????, 1991. ?. 86-95. 20. ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????. ?? ??????, ????, ? ?????????, ????????, 1991, ?. 457. 21.i.rexviaSvili, z.gordeziani, m.fanCuliZe . saqarTvelos naxSiris mrewvelobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis programa (1998-2015 w.w.), Tbilisi, 1998. 22. ??????????? ? .?., ? ????????? ? .? ., ??????? ?.?. ???????-????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????. ?????? ??????, #1(8), 2002, ?.29-31. 23. ??????? ?. ?. ????????? ?.?, ????? ?.?, ?????????? ?.?. ?????????? ?.?. ???????????? ????? ???????????, ??????????????? ? ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ? ???????? ???????????. ?????, ? 1, 2004, ?. 27-28. 110 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 danarTi III: korporaciuli qcevis normebi Tengiz axobaZe, saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisiis wevri korporaciuli marTvis gaumjobesebisa da korporaciuli qcevis mowesrigebis uzrunvelsayofad sakorporacio samarTlis sferoSi uamrav `daweril kanonebTan~ erTad civilizebul msoflioSi arsebobis `dauwereli kanonebi~; es aris eTikuri, moraluri, WeSmarit zogadsakacobrio faseulobebze agebuli normebi. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba – korporatiuli qcevis kodeqsi (Tumca igi dawerilia SaviT TeTrze). mraval qveyanaSi igi ganviTarebis sxvadasxva doneze miRebul ia – anu es ar aris kanoni an raime samTavrobo an saxelmwifo direqtiva – es aris aRiarebuli sarekomendacio paketi, romelTanac Sesabamisoba prestiJuli, saamayo, sasaxelo da saboloo jamSi momgebiani da sasargebloa. Cvens mier saWiroa arsebuli amgvari dokumentebis gacnoba-ganxilva da mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis warmarTva uaxloes momavalSi kodeqsis SemuSavebisaTvis. sainterseso da sasargeblo, iqneba dadebiTi gamocdilebis gaziareba. ukanasknel wlebSi msoflios yuradReba miipyro korporaciulma kolafsebma, romlebic gamoiwvia ,,enronisa~ da zogierTi sxva kompaniis arakeTilsindisierma korporaciulma qmedebebma, maTi finansuri a ngariSgebebis arasworad Sedgenam da angariSgebebis aramarTebulad Sefasebam auditoruli kompaniebis mier (maT Soris ,,artur andersoni~). aRniSnuli kolafsebi daeqvemdebara eqspertebisa da zedamxedvelebis Rrma analizs, ris Sedegadac miRebulia umkacresi zomebi sajaro kompaniebis zedamxedvelobis, maTi finansuri angariSgebebis Sedgenis, Sefasebis, wardgena-miRebisa da aseve auditorul saqmianobis saxelmwifo regulirebis mimarTulebebiT. [4] is faqti, rom ,,enronis~ kolafsi, ar iyo gamonaklisi SemTxveva da mas mohyva farTo masStabiani finansuri maqinaciebis gamovlena sxva cnobil kompaniebSic (rogoricaa WorldCom, Global Crossing, Tyco, Adelphia, Rite Aid d a sxva) m iuTiTebs sistemur krizisze da ara mxolod korporaciis menejerTa TaRliTobaze, an kapitalis bazris sazedamxedvelo sistemis calkeuli rgolebis Secdomebze an/da danaSaulebriv qmedebebze. [4] ukanaskneli investori yvela wlebis korporaciuli kolafsebis analizi cxadhyofs, r om qveyanaSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes finansuri maqinaciebisa da TaRliTobis msxverpli Tu bazris sazedamxedvelo sistemis calkeul monawileTa da pirvel rigSi, Sesabamisi maregulirebeli organoebis mier ar gatardeba qmediTi RonisZiebebi sazogadoebisaTvis miwodebuli informaciisa da dacvis xarisxis amaRlebis mizniT. didi seriozuli RonisZiebebi miRebul iqna did britaneTSi qveyanaSi, romelsac xnis tradiciebi gaaCnia korporaciuli marTvis standartebis SemuSavebis saqmeSi. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 111 ko rporaciuli qcevis normebi jer kidev 1990- iani wlebis dasawyisSi did britaneTSi daiwyo korporaciuli marTvis TviTregulirebadi sistemis formireba. es iyo pasuxi erTis mxriv bazris monawileTa mxridan im drois gaxmaurebuli movlenebze (Polly Peck da Bank of Credit and Commerce International korporaciebis gakotreba, komp ania Maxwell Communications -s sapensio fondTan dakavSirebuli TaRliTobebi), aseve e konomistebis grZelvadian diskusiaze britanul arasafinanso kompaniebis omis Semdgomi CamorCenis mizezebis Sesaxeb maT evropel konkurentebTan paeqrobaSi. iRebdnen ra am sistemas, bizneserToba (biznesis samyaro an biznes - sazogadoebrioba) cdilobda ar daeSva (aecdina) ,,dawerili samarTlis~ safuZvelze saxelmwifoebrivi regulirebis SemoReba. [6] regulirebis britanuli modeli viTardeba moxsenebebis safuZvelze, romelTa saTaurebSic figurireben cnobili im eqspertebis gvarebi, romlebic xelmZRvanelobdnen aRniSnul damuSavebebs. amgvari dokumentebis momzadebisaTvis saWiro kvlevebi ZiriTadad finansdeba saxelmwifo vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis saministros, mier. organoebis, pirvel rigSi kedberis moxsenebam, romelmac Cauyara safuZveli korporaciuli marTvis britanul models, iqonia didi zegavlena analogiuri modelebis formirebaze im qveynebSi, romlebic gaerTianebuli iyvnen anglo-saqsonuri samarTlis sistemaSi – kanada, avstralia, irlandia, samxreT afrikis respublika, indoeTi. masTanave, aRniSnuli moxsenebis ideebi aseve gamoyenebulia Sesabamisi kodeqsebis SemuSavebisas kontinentaluri evropis qveynebSi – belgia, espaneTi, italia, niderlandebi, safrangeTi. kedberis, grinbergis da xempelis moxsenebaTa safuZvelze Seiqmna korporaciuli marTvis gaerTianebuli kodeqsi (The Combiened Code) romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wlis 1 ianvars da gaxda londonis safondo birJis lostingis wesebis (aseve yviTel wigns eZaxian) damateba. kodeqsis principebi da debulebebi viTardeboda da zustdeboda ternbullis, mainersis, smitis da xiggsis moxsenebaSi, xolo 2003 wlis ivlisSi finansuri angariSgebis sabWom gamoaqveyna kodeqsis axali redaqcia, romelic ZalaSia 2003 wlis 1 noembridan. [6] ganaxlebul kodeqss Tan axlavs sami ganmartebiTi dokumenti: ternbulis saxelmZRvanelo Sida kontrolis sistemis Sesaqmnelad, smitis saxelmZRvanelo auditis komitetis saqmianobis organizaciisaTvis, xiggsis miTiTebebi efeqturi korporaciuli marTvis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1998 wlidan yvela moxsenebis ZiriTadi debulebebi muSavdeba im koncefciis Sesabamisad, romlis safuZvelzec amJamad iqmneba kompaniebis Sesaxeb kanonis axali redaqcia (am kanonis fundamentaluri reviziis farglebSi kerZod gaTvaliswinebulia korporaciuli direqtorebis zogadi valdebulebebis kodifikacia). amas garda britanuli gaerTianebuli kodeqsis srulyofis procesSi gaTvaliswinebul iqna germanuli kromme- kodeqsis (Cromme – Codex, 2002 wlis Tebervali) da franguli butonis moxsenebis B ( outon Report, 2002 wlis seqtemberi) ideebi. da bolos mxed velobaSi iqna miRebuli uinteris moxsenebaSi (Winter Report, 2002 wlis noemberi) mocemuli korporaciuli marTvis standartebisadmi minimaluri moTxovnebis 112 evrosabWoSi danergvis rekomendaciebi. korporaciuli marTvis saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 korporaciuli qcevis normebi TviTregulirebadi britanuli sistema, romelic efu Zneba gaerTianebul kodeqss da aRniSnul moxsenebebs, moqmedebas principiT ,,daemorCile an axseni~ (comply or explain). es niSnavs, rom kompaniam, romlis aqciebi daSvebulia londonis safondo birJis listingSi, unda gamoaqveynos ori nawilisagan Semdgari angariSebi. pirvel nawilSi mocemulia Tu rogor gamoiyenebs kompania kodeqsis principebs, xolo meore nawilSi saWiroa an korporatiuli praqtikis Sesabamisobis dadastureba kodeqsis debulebebTan, an axsna-ganmartebis micema maTTan Seusabamobis mizezebze. [6] britanel i specialistebi Tvlian, rom bazris monawileTa mier kodeqsis nebayoflobiT miRebaze dafuZnebuli midgoma, dadebiTi Sedegebis momtani da principulad gamarTlebulia, da amdenad misi Secvlis aranairi saWiroeba an mizanSewoniloba ar arsebobs (aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS-Si iyeneben korporaciuli marTvis standartebis regulirebis gacilebiT ufro mkacr meTods, vinaidan Sarbanes Oxley Act – is sarbeins-okslis kanoni korporaciuli kanonmdeblobis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens). gaerTianebuli kodeqsis axal redaqciaSi SenarCunebuli a d a grZeldeba amgvari midgomis tradiciebi: masSi warmodgenili korporaciuli marTvis principebi dayofilia or jgufad – ZiriTadi da damxmare principebi, rac uzrunvelyofs kompaniebisaTvis met moqnilobas kodeqsis moTxovnaTa SesrulebaSi. gaerTianebuli kodeqsis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawili – xiggsis moxsenebis winaswari teqstis ganxilvis periodSi avtorebma miiRes 250- mde daskvna da Caatares uamravi Sexvedrebi avtoritetul pirebTan. saboloo dokumentma, romelic erT welze nakleb droSi momzadda, miiRo saxelmwifo organoebis Zalzed dadebiTi Sefaseba. misi gamoqveynebis Semdeg gaimarTa diskusia, romelSic miiRes monawileoba biznes-sazogadoebisa da profesonaluri asociaciebis warmomadgenlebma.2003 wlis ianvridan aprilis CaTvliT maT gaugzavnes finansuri angariSgebis sabWos 180 - ze meti gamoxmaureba. dauWires ra mxari moxsenebis zogad mimarTulebas, dainteresebulma pirebma gamoTqves mTeli rigi SeniSvnebi, romelTa nawili gaTvaliswinebul iqna gaerTianebuli kodeqsis axali redaqciis SemuSavebisa. gansaxilvel moxsenebas aqvs sakmarisad fundamentaluri efuZneba sam seriozul da solidur wyaros: - londonis safondo birJis listingSi gamokvlevas, romelic Caatara Hemscott specializirebulia korporaciuli daSvebul Group –is marTvis sferoSi xasiaTi. igi 2200 kompaniis kompaniam (igi saqmiani da finansuri informaciis miwodebaze). 2002 wlis ivlisiT daTariRebuli monacemTa baza Seicavs detalur monacemebs direqtorTa sabWos raodenobrivi Semadgenlobisa da struqturis Sesaxeb, aseve maTi - komitetebis Taobaze; 605 britanuli korporaciis direqtorebis gamokiTxvas, romelic Caatara bazrebis gamokvlevis saagentom MORI; - 350 umsxvilesi britanuli korporaciis jgufidan 40 direqtorTan Catarebuli xangrZlivi saubrebis Sedegebis analizs; gansaxilveli moxsenebis mniSvnelobis ukeTesi gagebisaTvis saWiroa gavamaxviloT yuradReba or mniSvnelovan momentze. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 pirveli, xiggsi gamodioda 113 ko rporaciuli qcevis normebi iqidan, rom kodeqsis principebis Sesruleba aris ara TviTmizani, aramed biznesis optimizaciis saSualeba aqcionerTa interesebisaTvis da qveynis ekonomikisTvis mTlianobaSi. meore, avtori upirvel es yuradRebas aniWebs ,,adamianur faqtors~. igi xazs usvams – yvelafris gasaRebi – adamianebia. marTveli organos wevrebis kandidatebisagan saukeTesoTa gamovlena maRalefeqturi saqmianobis safuZvelTa safuZvelia. [6] germaniaSi 2002 wlidan arsebobs korporaciuli marTvis kodeqsi ,,Deutsche Corporate Governance Kodex~, romelic savaldebuloa yvela sabirJo kotirebis mqone saaqcio sazogadoebis mmarTveli organos wevrebisaTvis. am kodeqsis Sesaqmnelad germaniis iusticiis saministros mier 2001 wlis seqtemberSi mowveul iqna maregulirebeli komisia ,,Corporate Governance~. 2002 wlis 26 Tebervals warmodgenil kodeqsSi ZiriTadi yuradReba sawarmos marTvas eTmoba. [2] amasTan kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs yvela mniSvnelovan, upirveles yovlisa yvela saerTaSoriso xasiaTis mqone kritikul moments, romlebic germaniis sawarmoTa mowyobas exeba, kerZod: - arasakmarisi orientireba aqcionerebis interesebze; sawarmos dualisturi mowyoba gamgeobiT da sameTvalyureo sabWoTi; - germaniaSi sawarmoo marTvis arasakmarisi gamWvirvaloba; germaniaSi sameTvalyureo sabWoebis SezRuduli Tavisufleba; auditorTa SezRuduli Tavisufleba. sakuTriv kodeqsi garda imisa, rom masSi zustad meordeba samarTlebrivi regulirebebi, romlebic investorTaTvis informaciul xasiaTs atarebs, Seicavs 50 rekomendacias. ase magaliTad rekomendacias sameTvalyureo sabWos auditoruli komitetis (Audit Committee) Seqmnis Sesaxeb. am kodeqsis SemTxvevaSi saubaria egreTwodebul ,,Soft Law~-ze, romlis SemTxvevaSi TviTon sawarmoebis gadasawyvetia, Tu ramdenad gaiTvaliswineben isini am rekomendaciebs. amasTanave aucilebelia gaimijnos is rekomendaciebi, romelic sawarmom, Sesabamisad – misma organoebma, ,,unda~ ganaxorcielon, da is rCevebi, romlis gaTvaliswinebac sawarmosTvis ,,sasurveli~ an ,,SesaZlebelia~. mniSvelovani da sworia kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli rekomendaciebis orad dayofa –egreTwodebul ,,aucilebel normebad~, romelTa gadaxvevis ufleba gamgeobas aqvs, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi valdebulia yvela am gadaxvevis Sesaxeb Riad ganacxados, da ,,SeTavazebebad~, egreTwodebul ,,SesaZlebel~ da ,,sasurvel~ miTiTebebad, romelTa arSesruleba yovelgvari gacxadebis gareSea SesaZlebeli. erTaderTi, rasac kanoni aregulirebs aris egreTwodebuli Sesabamisobis deklaracia, romelSic mmarTvelobam da sameTvalyureo sabWom unda daafiqsiros, rom sawarmos saqmianoba kodeqss Seesabameboda da Seesabameba, an romeli rekomendaciebi ar iqna gatarebuli an ar tardeba (egreTwodebuli ,,comply or explain~). es direqtiva dafiqsirebulia 2002 wlis Sua periodSi damtkicebul kanonSi gamWvirvaleobisa da sawarmoTa angariSgebis Sesaxeb (TransPuG) da Setanilia saaqcio kanonis $161-Si. Tumca kanoni saaqcio kanonis $161 -iT avaldebulebs sabirJo kotirebis mqone nebismieri sazogadoebis sameTvalyureo sabWos, yovelwliurad moaxdinos 114 imis deklarireba, asrulebs sazogadoeba am kodeqss – mTlianad an saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 korporaciuli qcevis normebi nawilobriv – Tu ar asrulebs mas. Tuki am saxis deklaracia ar aris warmodgenili, ukve kanonis darRvevasTan gvaqvs saqme. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu deklaracia pozitiuri saxiT iqneba warmodgenili (,,Cven vasrulebT kodeqss da mis rekomendaciebs~), sinamdvileSi ki kodeqsis rekomendaciebi ar sruldeba, adgili aqvs darRvevas. [2] rekomendaciebi, yvelaferTan erTad, Seicaven iseT punqtebs, rogorebicaa sameTvalyureo sabWos TiToeuli wevris qmediTobis amaRleba, sameTvalyureo sabWos sxdomebis kvorumi da forma, valdebuleba Sedgenil iqnas im gadawyvetilebebis katalogi, romelTac xmaTa sakmarisi raodenoba ver moagroves, sameTvalyureo sabWos wevrebis gauxmaureblobis valdebulebebi, iseve rogorc koncernebis Seqmnis gadawyvetilebis damtkiceba, romelic aseve unda moxdes sameTvalyureo sabWos mier. kodeqsi imgvaradaa Sedgenili, rom samTavrobo komisiebs SeuZliaT masSi cvlilebebis Setana, Tu es sakredito bazris politikiT iqneba nakarnaxebi. korporaciuli marTvis kodeqsis paralelurad aucileblad unda vaxsenoT federaluri mTavrobis RonisZiebaTa katalogi, romelic amJamad germaniaSi aqtualuri diskusiis sagans warmoadgens, da romlis mizania 10 - punqtiani programis ganxorcieleba sawarmoTa damoukideblobisa da investorTa dacvis gasaZliereblad. aziis ganviTarebuli finansuri bazrebis qveynebSi (indoeTi, honkongi, samxreT korea, CineTi, singapuri, malaizia, tailandi) miRebulia korporaciuli marTvis kodeqsebi, romelTa standartebis Sesruleba aucilebelia salistingo kompaniebis mier. finansuri bazrebis regulirebis organoebi am qveynebSi kategoriulad moiTxoven finansuri bazrebis yvela monawileebisagan kodeqsis moTxovnaTa Sesrulebas, romelic warmoadgens ara sakanonmdeblo normatiul aqts, aramed aucilebel rekomendaciaTa pakets. RniSnuli qveynebis axorcieleben am samuSaos yvela salistingo kompaniasTan. bolodroindelma korporatiulma skandalebma TviT safondo aSS -Sic birJebi ki, sadac saxelmwifos Carevas tradiciulad ar esalmebian, saxelmwifos zegavlenis gaZliereba gamoiwvia. ase iqna gauqmebuli auditoris TviTmmarTveloba da es profesiuli jgufi saxelmwifo makontrolebel organos daeqvemd ebara. es faqti adasturebs zogad istoriul-samarTlebriv Tezas, romlis Tanaxmadac rogorc amerikaSi aseve evropaSi kanonmdeblis reaqcia krizisebze rogorc wesi saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis dawesebaSi an mis gaZlierebaSi gamoixateba. es ukanaskneli Cveulebriv miznad isaxavs saaqcio sazogadoebis samarTlebrivi formis mimarT dakarguli ndobis aRdgenas. ase iqna msoflio da umTavresad aSS -s ekonomikis krizisis (1929-1932) dros aSS-Si fasiani qaRaldebisa da birJebis komisia (Securites and Exchange Commision ) dafuZnebuli. (1934). igive gza airCia germaniamac: kerZod, savaWro reestris mniSvnelobis zrda da bankebis zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo samsaxuris Seqmna sakredito sistemis Sesaxeb kanonis safuZvelze. 1995 wlidan arsebobs fasiani qaRaldebis bazris zedamxedvelobis organo (Tavidan BaWe, amJamad ki BaFIn), romlis amocana fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze arsebuli darRvevebis winaaRmdeg brZoliT Semoifargleba. amerikuli samarTlis magaliTze aSkaraa, rom germaniaSi am organos uflebamosilebebi sakmarisad detalurad saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 araa dadgenili. didi britaneTis 115 ko rporaciuli qcevis normebi safinanso bazris zedamxedvelobis organos xelaxali formiereba (1997 wlamde misi udidebulesobis dedoflis xazinasTan arsebuli fasiani qaRaldebis da investiciebis sabWo – SIB, xolo 1997 wlis oqtombridan safinanso momsaxureobis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri -FSA) da kompetenciis gafarToebac im ideiT unda yofiliyo nakarnaxevi, rom efeqturi saxelmwifoebrivi kontroloT arsebiTi wvlili SeiZleba iqnas Setanili investorebis ndobiT ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. [2] gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebisaTvis, rogoric saqarT veloa es imas niSnavs rom saxelmwifos roli ufro mniSvnelovania, radgan saaqcio sazogadoebebTan dakavSirebiT sakmarisi gamocdileba ar arsebobs. investorTa saxelmwifoebrivi dacvis aucilebloba sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, Tumca ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganv iTarebis organizaciis mier gamocemul ,,korporaciuli marTvis principebSi~ magaliTad, erTi miTiTebac ki ar aris imaze, Tu ra roli SeiZleba iqonios maTi ganxorcielebisas saxelmwifom. amerikeli avtorebis SexedulebiT samewarmeo sazogadoebebze raime saxis saxel mwifo zegavlenis daSveba gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi sazianoa, vinaidan am qveynebSi sando da kanonis farglebSi moqmedi mmarTvelobiTi aparatis arseboba saeWvoa. saxelmwifo zegavlenis Tavidan asacileblad propaganda eweoda e.w. ,,TviTganxorcielebad mo dels~ (self-enforcing-model), romlis arsic imaSi mdgomareobs, rom partniorebs sakuTari interesebis ganxorcielebis yvela samarTlebrivi saSualeba mieceT.problemis amgvari xedva, kerZod gardamaval qveynebSi saxelmwifo organoebis arasaimedooba, gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi SeiZleba sinamdviles Seesabamebodes. miuxedavad amisa mcdaria SemoTavazebuli gadawyveta, romlis mixedviTac saxelmwifo kontrolze mTlianad unda vTqvaT uari. saubari mxolod saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis iseT mowyobaze SeiZleba iyos, romelic mis i borotad gamoyenebis safrTxes Seamcirebs. am mimarTebiT mizanSewonilia saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebis warmomadgenelTa erToblivi ZalisxmeviT korporaciul qcevis nacionaluri (erovnuli) meTodologiisa da mis safuZvelze korporaciuli qcevis nacionaluri (erovnul) principebis SesaZlebeli - SemuSaveba, romelTa gamoyenebiTa da danergviT gaxdeba - mesakuTreebisadmi menejmentis demokratiuli, gamWvirvale damokidebulebis damkvidreba; mniSvnelovani korporaciuli qmedebebis mowesrigeba; samarTliani da - korporaciuli konfliqtebis daregulirebis sistemis Seqmna; saaqcio sazogadoebis efeqturi funqcionirebisa da marTebuli marTvis organizebisaTvis safuZvlebis Seqmna. amasTan udidesi mniSvnelobis faqtori iyo da aris sayovelTao gaTviTcnobiereba zogadad, xolo konkretulad erTis mxriv aqc ionerebis – maTi uflebebisa da SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb, meores mxriv korporaciis mmarTvelebis – maTi valdebulebebis Sesaxeb. gaTviTcnobierebuli aqcionerebi iwyeben Tavisi uflebebis Tavad dacvas, aiZuleben da mimarTaven menejerebs meti gaxsnilobisaken xdebian ufro aqtiurebi 116 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2004 weli, #3 korporaciuli qcevis normebi saerTo krebebze gansaxilveli yvela sakiTxebisgadawyvetaSi maT Soris dividendebis daricxva-gacemis sakiTxSic. menejerebi iwyeben fiqrs – rogor iRvawon ukeT – SemdgomSi ki maTSi ibadeba SiSi aqtiuri gaTviTcnobierebuli aqcionerebis mimarT, romlebic sul ufro da ufro metni xdebian. amdenad progresuli menejerebis gaTviTcnobiereba miuTiTebs maT muSaobis gaumjobesebis axali mimarTulebebisaken, xolo konservator menejerebs aiZulebs magrad dafiqrdnen da Sesabamisi daskvnebi gaakeTon. vfiqrobT, wi namdebare mimoxilvaSi mocemuli mosazrebebi, rekomendaciebi da Tezisebi SesaZlebelia SemuSavebisas. gamoyenebul iqnen korporaciuli qcevis kodeqsis gamoyenebuli literatura 1. sakorporacio samarTlis ganviTarebis problemebi saqarTveloSi germanul-qarTul simpoziumi, Tbilisi, 2000 wlis 7-8 marti, Tbilisi. 2. meore germanul-qarTuli simpoziumi sakorporacio samarTalSi, Tbilisi, 5-6 ivnisi 2003 weli 3. sakorporacio da savaWro samarTali (ACCA oficialuri saxelmZRvanelo profesiuli serTificirebisaTvis; saxelmZRvanelo da pr aqtikuli 4. 5. 6. 7. – savarjiSoebi; nawili 2, wigni 2.2) saqarTvelos profesional buRalterTa da auditorTa federacia, Tbilisi 2003 weli. q. lafaCi, korporaciuli kolafsebis gakveTilebi, gazeTi ,,24 saaTi~, 2003 wlis 3 maisi, #9 (331). T. axobaZe, korporaciuli marTvis Sina arsisaTvis, IFC korporaciuli marTva 2003- 2004 wlis dekemberi-Tebervali #2 ??????? ? . ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????. ? ????? ,,??????? ?????????,, 2004? ? 1 ???. 118-128. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, OECD Publications,2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France. 2004 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 117 ekonomikuri glosariumi absoluturi upiratesoba qveynis unari awarmoos ufro meti saqoneli vidre sxva qveyana awarmoebs resursebis igive moculobisas (ix. fardobiTi upiratesoba) (Absolute advantage) arasruli dasaqmeba (Under-employment) ekonomikuri situacia, rodesac muSaxelis miwodeba aWarbebs masze moTxovnas auTsaideri (bankis) ara-insaideri (Outsider) aqcia (Share, Stock ) saxsrebis mopovebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoebis mier gamoSvebuli grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi. aqciis myidveli gadaxdili fulis sanacvlod xdeba kompaniis sruluflebiani TanamesakuTre, anu monawileobs mis marTvasa da mogebaSi. (ix. fasiani qaRaldebi, obligacia, saxazino valdebuleba) SeniSvna: zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad did britaneTSi, sityva stock gansxvavdeba mniSvnelobiT sityva share-sagan, da aRniSnavs kompaniis an saxelmwifos mier gamoSvebul grZelvadian sasesxo valdebulebas. balansis balansi aRricxvis furceli - dokumenti, romelic asaxavs firmis aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis moculobas da struqturas. (Balance sheet) biujeturi SezRudva (Budget constraint) xarjebis SezRudva gamowveuli sxvadasxva mizeziT, magaliTad, Semosavlebis simciriT. gadasaxadebi begara dawesebuli saxelmwifos mier kerZo pirebis an sawarmoebis Semosavalze an mogebaze (pirdapiri gadasaxadi), saqonlis gamoyenebze an momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze (iribi gadasaxadi) da qonebaze. saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi gadasaxadebia: (Taxes) 1. sawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadi (Profit tax ); 2. kerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadi (Personal income tax); 3. damatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadi _ dRg (Value Added Tax). misi bazaa iuridiuli Tu fizikuri pirebis mier Seqmnili damatebuli Rirebuleba _ sxvaoba saqonlis an momsaxurebis sarealizacio fassa da mis warmoebasa da mowodebasTan dakavSirebuli materialur xarjebisa; 118 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi 4. sabaJo gadasaxadi (Customs duties ) _ saxelmwifo biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani saqarTvelos sabaJo sazRvarze saqonlis gadaadgilebisaTvis; 5. aqcizi (Excise) _ garkveuli saxis saqonlis moxmarebaze iribi gadasaxadi, romelic CarTulia am saqonlis fasSi; 6. gadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidan (Payroll taxes) _ specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis (jandacvis, socuzrunvelyofis da a.S.) mosakrebeli, romlis gadaxda damqiraveblisa da muSakis mier xdeba sawarmos xelfasebis fondidan, fiqsirebuli ganakveTiT. (ix. sagadasaxado baza) gamoSveba, warmoebis moculoba (Output) saqoneli da momsaxureba periodis ganmavlobaSi. depoziti kerZo piris an sawarmos angariSi komerciul bankSi, romelzedac momxmarebels SeuZlia fulis an Cekebis ganTavseba da maTi gamotana bankis winaswar gafrTxilebis pirobiT. (Deposit) deflatori (mSp-is deflatori) (Deflator - GDP deflator) deflacia warmoebuli garkveuli fasebis indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens garkveul wels gamoSvebuli saqonlis Rirebulebis fardobas sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul RirebulebasTan. mSp-is deflatori gansazRvravs damokidebulebas nominalur da realur (sabaziso wlis) mSp-s Soris. fasebis saerTo donis daweva. (ix. inflacia) (Deflation) ekonomikuri zrda realuri gamoSvebis zrda. (Economic growth) erovnuli angariSebi (National accounts) drois garkveul periodSi (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi), erovnuli ekonomikis amsaxveli statistikuri monacemebis erToblioba. kerZod, erovnuli angariSebi asaxaven qveyanaSi warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mTlian moculobas da qveynis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis indikators warmoadgenen. valdebuleba (pasivi ) vali; pirovnebis an sawarmos gankargvaSi arsebuli saxsrebi da qoneba, romelzedac sxva mxares garkveuli pretenzia SeiZleba gaaCndes. (Liability) saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 119 ekonomikuri glosariumi qveynis valutis sxva qveynis valutaSi gamosaxuli fasi, romelic dadgenilia am valutebis realuri msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT. valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda ) (Appreciation) valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) (Depreciation) savaluto bazarze valutis dacema) valutis savaluto bazarze valutis valutebTan SedarebiT. fasis zrda. gaiafeba (ix. sxva SeniSvna: ekonomikur literaturaSi sityvas “Depreciation’ SeiZleba hqondes sxva mniSvnelobac _ cveTa, cveTis sabuRaltro asaxva, amortizacia. investicia (kapitaldabandeba ) (Investment) 1. fizikuri qonebis, magaliTad qarxnis, manqanadanadgarebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (realuri investicia) 2. fasiani qaRaldebis, magaliTad aqciebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (finansuri investicia) SeniSvna: realuri investicia qmnis axal aqtivebs, e. i. zrdis qveynis sawarmoo potencials; maSin rodesac finansuri investicia, ubralod, aqtivebis flobis uflebis gadacemaa. insaideri (bankis ) (Insider) inteleqtualuri kapitali (Human capital) intervencia (Intervention) inflacia bankis administraciuli muSaki an aqcioneri, misi ojaxis wevri an masTan saqmiani interesebiT dakavSirebuli piri. (sapir. - auTsaideri) saerTo codna romelic gamoiyeneba warmoebaSi. investiciebs inteleqtualuri kapitalis gazrdaSi, anu sxvadasxva saxis gamokvlevebSi, Sedegad sdevs axali, teqnikurad gaumjobesebuli produqciis warmoeba da ekonomikis efeqturobis zrda. ama Tu im ekonomikuri subieqtis erTjeradi intensiuri zemoqmedeba bazarze. magaliTad erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis gayidvis mkveTri gazrda. fasebis saerTo donis aweva. (ix. deflacia) (Inflation) kalaTa (Basket) ama Tu im sidideTa kompleqti, nakrebi, mag.: 1. samomxmareblo kalaTa _ pirobiTi momxmareb-lis mier moxmarebuli saqonlisa da misTvis gaweuli momsaxurebis erToblioba; 2. savaluto kalaTa _ sxvadasxva qveynis valutis ama Tu im wesiT Seqmnili nakrebi (ECU _ ekiu, 120 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi evropuli savaluto erTeuli; SDR _ sesxebis specialuri ufleba; unaris standarti). PPS _ msyidvelobiTi kapitaldabandeba (Investment) ix. investicia. kapitali (Capital) warmoebis materialuri (fabrikebi, ofisebi, manqanadanadgarebi) da aramaterialuri (“nou-hau”) saSualebebis erToblioba. kapitalis dena (Capital flight) fondebis moZraoba adgilobriv ekonomikasa da gare samyaros Soris, dakavSirebuli fasiani qaRaldebis an fizikuri aqtivebis yidva-gayidvasTan da saerTaSoriso sesxebTan. kapitaluri angariSi (Capital account) 1. sagadamxdelo balansis nawili, romelic aRwers grZelvadiani aqtivebis yidva-gayidvasTan da kerZo seqtoris sesxebTan dakavSirebul saxsrebis moZraobas (ix. mimdinare angariSi) 2. erovnuli angariSebis nawili, romelic moicavs mTavrobis mier saxelmwifo infrastruqturis sferoSi (gzebi, skolebi, saavadmyofoebi) gaweul xarjebs da kerZo seqtoris realur investiciebs. likviduri aqtivebi (bankis ) (Liquid assets) fuladi aqtivebi romlebic advilad SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli angariSsworebisTvis: oqro, bankis fuladi saxsrebi salaroSi (larebi da ucxouri valuta), sakorespondento angariSebi erovnul da ucxour valutaSi (maT Soris sazRvargareTac), savaldebulo rezervebis angariSze arsebuli saxsrebi (Tu isini sakredito auqcionze nayidi kreditis uzrunvelyofas ar waroadgenen). lorencis mrudi (Lorenz curve) raime sididis, magaliTad Semosavlebis, ganawilebis amsaxveli mrudi. diagonalsa da lorencis mruds Soris moqceuli farTobis Sefardebas diagonalis qvemoT moqceul farTobTan ewodeba jinis (Gini) koeficienti. igi warmoadgens ganawilebis araTanabrobis sazoms da icvleba nolidan (Tanabari ganawileba) erTamde (absoluturad araTanabari ganawileba). M0 sxvanairad _ “viwro fuli”. monetarul TeoriaSi fuladi maragis erT-erTi sazomi (fuladi agregati), romelic moicavs fuladi aqtivebis yvelaze likvidur nawils _ bankebis gareT arsebul naRd fuls. (ar moicavs im naRd fuls, romelic rezervebis saxiT komerciuli bankebis saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 121 ekonomikuri glosariumi sacavebSi inaxeba). M2 sxvanairad _ “farTo fuli”, moicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi arsebul arasabanko da arasaxelmwifo depozitebs adgilobriv valutaSi. ganisazRvreba rogorc fuli, romelic, garkveuli periodis amowurvis Semdeg, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas angariSsworebisTvis. M3 aseve, xSirad moixsenieba rogorc “farTo fuli”; moicavs M2-sa da mosaxleobis ucxour valutaSi denominirebul anabrebs komerciul bankebSi. makroekonomika (Macroeconomics) materialuri aqtivebi (bankis ) (Fixed assets) meoradi kapitali (bankis ) (Secondary capital) mikroekonomika (Microeconomics) mimdinare angariSi (Current account) mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis ) ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic swavlobs ekonomikas rogorc erT mTlians da cdilobs daadginos fundamenturi ekonomikuri cnebebis _ warmoebisa da dasaqmebis donis, fasebis saerTo donis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi faqtorebi. Senoba-nagebobani, sameurneo inventari gaweuli kapitaluri danaxarjebi da maTze materialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis nawili, miznobrivi fondebi, saimedo sesxebis SesaZlo danakargebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnili rezervebi. (ix. pirveladi kapitali) ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic swavlobs momxmareblebisa da firmebis qmedebas; aanalizebs sawarmoo faqtorebis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sabazro fasebsa da moculobas. agreTve, ganixilavs SezRuduli ekonomikuri resursebis ganawilebis efeqturobas. 1. drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan sasaqonlo (xiluli) da samomsaxureo (uxilavi) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; savaWro balansi) 2. bankSi fizikuri piris Tu kompaniis moTxovnamde angariSi. (Current assets) likviduri aqtivebi da bankis mier dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT gacemuli sesxebi. agreTve bankis sxva moTxovnebi dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT. moTxovnebi (Claims) finansuri aqtivebi, saxeldobr gacemuli kreditebi, saxazino da komerciuli Tamasuqebi. monetaruli politika ix. fuladi politika. 122 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi (Monetary policy) mwarmoebelTa fasebis mfi (Producer price index - PPI) indeqsi mep- mTliani erovnuli produqti (GNP) mSp - mTliani Sida produqti (GDP) nominaluri (Nominal) obligacia (Bond) pirvel adi kapitali (bankis ) (Primary capital) realuri (Real) _ indeqsi romelic asaxavs adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebis mier sakuTar produqciaze dadebuli fasebis donis saSualo cvlilebas. (ix. samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi) drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis mSp-sa da sazRvargareTidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis jami. drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) adgilobrivad warmoebuli saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis jamuri fuladi Rirebuleba. (ix. erovnuli angariSebi) gazomili mimdinare fasebSi, liswineblad. (ix. realuri) inflaciis gauTva- rogorc wesi, mTavrobis an komerciuli organizaciis mier, sesxis aRebis mizniT gamoSvebuli, myari saprocento ganakveTis mqone, grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi. (ix. aqcia, saxazino Tamasuqi). aqciebis realizaciidan miRebuli kapitali, kapitaluri rezervebi (ganawilebuli mogebis nawili, romelic gankuTvnilia gauTvaliswinebe-li zaralis dasafaravad), gaunawilebeli mogeba. (ix. meoradi kapitali) gazomili namdvil (sabaziso wlis fasebTan Sesadar) fasebSi, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. sagadasaxdelo balansi (Balance of payments) drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan savaWro da safinanso urTierTobis amsaxveli angariSi. igi Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan: mimdinare angariSi da kapitaluri angariSi. sagadasaxado baza mTliani fuladi fondi romelic eqvemdebareba gadasaxadebis gadaxdas. magaliTad, saSemosavlo gadasaxadis baza aris am gadasaxads daqvemdebarebuli mTliani Semosavlebi, xolo mogebis gadasaxadis baza aris yvela im mogebis jami, romelic am gadasaxads eqvemdebareba. (Tax base) sagadasaxado fardoba Tanafardoba damqiraveblis mier gaweuli mTliani saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 123 ekonomikuri glosariumi (Tax wedge) xarjebisa daqiravebulis xelfasis odenobasTan. savaWro balansi drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) danarCen msofliosTan qveynis sasaqonlo (xiluli) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi ; mimdinare angariSi ). (Balance of trade) savaldebulo rezervebi sakorespondento angariSebi (Correspondent accounts) samuSao Zala (Labour) saprocento ganakveTi (Interest rate) miRebul wminda komerciuli bankebis saerTo aqtivebSi, rezervebis savaldebulo proporcia, romelsac centraluri banki awesebs. es Tanxebi uzrunvelyofen momxmareblebis yoveldRiuri moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas da zRudaven kreditebis gacemas. saqarTveloSi komerciuli bankebis es rezervebi inaxeba seb-Si. (Reserve requirements) samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi sfi (Consumer price index - CPI) mier bankebis angariSebi sxva bankebSi, romlebic gamoiyeneba klientTa saxeliT bankTaSoris angariSsworebaSi. maTi moculoba damokidebulia saangariSsworebo sistemis moqnilobaze da bankebis survilze gascen sesxi. _ inflaciis sazomi indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens samomxmareblo saqonlis da momsaxurebis fiqsirebuli kalaTis nominaluri Rirebulebis fardobas amave kalaTis sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul RirebulebasTan. rogorc fizikuri (magaliTaT, manqanis awyoba), ise inteleqtualuri (magaliTad, maragis aRricxvis sistemis Seqmna) Sromis SenaZeni sawarmoo procesSi. msesxeblis mier kreditorisTvis ZiriTadi valis garda gadasaxdeli Tanxa, gamoxatuli ZiriTadi valis procentebSi; fuladi resursebis gadacemis sabazro fasi. sarezervo fuli aseve moixsenieba rogorc fulis baza an “Zlieri (Reserve money) fuli”, Seicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi arsebul sxvadasxva rezervebs. sarezervo fulis moculobas uSualod centraluri banki akontrolebs. saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba ) (Treasury bill) finansTa saministros an centraluri bankis mier gamoSvebuli, gansazRvruli saprocento ganakveTis mqone, moklevadiani (erT welze naklebi) fasiani qaRaldi, romelic warmoadgens mTavrobis mier Tamasuqis mflobelisagan sesxis aRebis 124 saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi damamtkicebel sabuTs. saxazino Tamasuqi erT-erTi instrumentia, romlis meSveobiTac centraluri banki akontrolebs mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis moculobas. (ix. obligacia) socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema (Social Safety Net) savaluto rezervebi ucxouri valutisa da oqros maragi, romelic gamoiyeneba sagadamxdelo balansis deficitis Sesavsebad. (Foreign currency (exchange) reserves) sterilizacia ama Tu im eknomikuri RonisZiebis Tanmdevi arasasurveli efeqtis gabaTileba sxva ekonomikuri RonisZiebiT. magaliTad, samTavrobo dakreditebis gazrdis Sedegad fuladi maragis zrdis Tavidan asacileblad, erovnuli banki ucxouri valutis gayidviT amcirebs mimoqcevaSi arsebuli adgilobrivi valutis moculobas. (Sterilisation) uimedo sesxi gasesxebuli Tanxa, romlis ukan dabruneba aRar aris mosalodneli (magaliTad, mevale gakotrda). aseTi sesxebi miekuTvneba xarjebs da Camoiwereba. (Bad loan) fardobiTi upiratesoba qveynis unari ufro naklebi danaxarjebiT awarmoos garkveuli saqoneli vidre meore qveyanam. (ix. absoluturi upiratesoba) (Comparative advantage) fasiani qaRaldebi (Securities) faqtoruli faqtorebi socialurad naklebad uzrunvelyofili fenebisTvis _ mcireSemosavliani ojaxebisTvis, umuSevrebisTvis, pensionerebisTvis, invalidebisTvis, martoxela mSoblebisTvis da a.S. daxmarebis aRmoCenis sistema. resursebi, kapitalis mozidvis finansuri instrumenti. ZiriTadi fasiani qaRaldebia: aqcia, obligacia, Tamasuqi, saxazino valdebuleba. warmoebis (Factors of production) faqtoruli Rirebuleba saqonlis an momsaxurebis Rirebuleba daxar-juli faqtoruli resursebis gamosaxulebaSi. (Factor cost) faqtoruli Semosavali erovnuli Semosavali (Factor income or national income) fiskaluri politika (Fiscal policy) resursebi romlebic gamoiyeneba firmebis mier saqonlis an momsaxurebis warmoebisas. gamoyofen sawarmoo faqtorebis sam ZiriTad jgufs: miwa, samuSao Zala da kapitali. an drois mocemul periodSi SinameurneobaTa saerTo fuladi Semosavali miRebuli biznesisTvis faqtoruli resursebis mowodebis sanacvlod. sagadasaxado-sabiujeto politika. sagadasaxado sistemisa da saxelmwifo xarjebis struqturis saTanado marTviT qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 125 ekonomikuri glosariumi zemoqmedebis meqanizmi. fuladi baza (Monetary base) ix. sarezervo fuli fuladi politika (Monetary policy) qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze zemoqmedeba fu-lis moculobis, dakreditebisa da saprocento ganakveTebis struqturis saTanado marTviT. fulis mimoqcevis siCqare (Velocity of money circulation) indeqsi, romelic gviCvenebs Tu, periodis ganmavlobaSi, saSualod gamoiyeneba angariSsworebisTvis fuladi erTeuli. gamoiTvleba V = PY M , sadac, V aris fulis garkveuli ramdenjer TiToeuli formuliT: mimoqcevis siCqare; M _ fulis moculoba (M2 an M3); Y _ realuri mSp; P _ mSp-s deflatori. fulis multiplikatori (Money multiplier) sabanko sistemas, sadepozito angariSebze miRebuli Tanxebis gasesxebiT, axali depozitebis Seqmnis (anu fulis gamravlebis) unari gaaCnia. fulis multiplikatori aris am gamravlebis koeficienti. sem-Si fulis multiplikatori gamoiTvleba M2-is an M3-is sarezervo fulTan SefardebiT. arsebobs misi gamoTvlis sxva gzebic. (ix. sarezervo fuli; rezervebi; savaldebulo rezervebi) Sinameurneoba (Household) erT saerTo sacxovrebel farTobze da erTi saojaxo biujetiT mcxovreb adamianTa erToblioba. SeRavaTiani periodi (Grace period) kreditis dabrunebis ganmavlobaSi mxolod gadaxda xdeba. Crdilovani ekonomika (Black, grey, underground, shadow economy) faruli ekonomikuri garigebebis erToblioba, romlis arsebobis safuZveli _ gadasaxadebisagan Tavis aridebis an aralegaluri qmedebis damalvis survilia. centraluri banki (Central bank) qveynis mTavari banki, romelic moqmedebs rogorc mTavrobisa da sxva bankebis banki da pasuxismgebelia qveyanaSi fuladi politikis ganxorcielebaze. saqarTveloSi _ saqarTvelos erovnuli banki (seb). wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi _ waa rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito dawesebulebis adgilobrivi sakuTrebisa da ekonomikis adgilobrivi subieqtebis mimarT moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. semSi, rogorc wesi saubaria saqarTvelos erovnuli (Net domestic assets - NDA) 126 periodi, saprocento romlis ganakveTis saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 ekonomikuri glosariumi bankis waa-ze aqtivebi) wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wua (Net foreign assets - NFA) jinis koeficienti (ix. aqtivebi, wminda ucxouri rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito dawesebulebis ucxoeTSi mdebare sakuTrebisa da sazRvargareT ganlagebuli ekonomikuri subieqtebis mi marT moTxovnebis da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. ix. lorencis mrudi. (Gini coefficient) hiperinflacia (Hyperinflation) Zalian maRali inflacia. xSirad ganisazrvreba rogorc inflacia romlis Tviuri done, drois xangrZlivi monakveTis (eqvsi Tve da meti) ganmavlobaSi, 50 procents aRemateba. PAYG (Pay-as-you-go) sistema am sistemis sapensio programebi mTels msopliosi xorcieldeba. PAYG sistemis safuZvelze mTavroba momuSaveTagan agrovebs gadasaxadebs pensionerTaTvis pensiebis gasacemad. sistema mdgrad mistemad iTvleba, Tuki muSakTa Sesabamisi raodenoba sapensio valdebulebis dasafarad gadaixdis gadasaxads, romlis ganakveTi damamZimebeli ar iqneba. es sistema momuSaveTa da pensionerTa individualur sapensio angariSebs ar iTvaliswinebs; muSakis mier Sesatani gadasaxadebis ganakveTi ar aris dafuZnebuli im ganakveTze, romelsac konkretuli muSaki miiRebs pensiaze gasvlis semdeg, xolo xandazmulTa pensiebi ar aris dafuZnebuli konkretuli pensioneris mier Setanili gadasaxadebis odenobaze. PAYG-is sistema gansazRvruli odenobis sapensio daxmarebis sistemaa. gansazRvruli ganakveTis sapensio daxmarebis sistemebisTvis damaxasiaTebalia pensionerebisTvis dabali riskfaqtori da amave dros dabali mogebac. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 127 statistikuri danarTi sarCevi * cxrili A 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri da funqcionaluri klasifikaciiT, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 4.2: komerciuli bankebis angariSebi, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 4.4: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi da inflacia 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.1.1: registri rebuli savaWro balansi, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.2.1: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.2.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2004 w. I nax. cxrili A 6.1: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT, 2004 wlis 1 martis mdgomareobiT cxrili A 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. I kv. – 2000 w. IV kv. cxrili A 7.2: ekonomikuri statusi, 2000 w. I kv. – 2004 w. I kv. * cxrilis nomris pirveli cifri miuTiTebs imaze, Tu romel Tavs ekuTvnis esa Tu is cxrili. saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2004 weli, #3 129 cxrili A3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2004 wlis pirveli naxevari (milioni lari) wlis gegma Sul Semosavlebi da grantebi 1424.447 sagadasaxado semosavlebi centrtaluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi saSemosavlo gadasaxadi mogebis gadasaxadi dRg 1112.5 adgilobriv produqciaze importze aqcizi adgilobriv produqciaze importze sabaJo gadasaxadi sxva gadasaxadebi 753.5 14.4 6.9 494.3 235.3 259 135.8 39.9 95.9 83.5 18.6 arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi 130.902 Semosavlebi kapitalis operaciebidan specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis semosavlebi socuzrunvelyofis fondi sagzao fondi grantebi wyaro: finansTa saministro 20.3 368.9 322.2 46.7 160.745 2004 wlis 2004 wlis pirveli pirveli naxevris faqtiuri naxevris gegma Semosavlebi 590.4 504.2 699.7 557.9 353.8 14.4 6.9 227.6 110.3 117.3 63.7 21.1 42.6 30.6 10.5 372.9 16.4 11.3 235.8 111.9 124.0 66.9 21.6 45.2 33.0 9.5 66.3 122.6 4.7 2.2 154.8 189.8 125.7 29.1 15.2 156.5 33.3 17.0 gadaxra gegmis Sesruleba wliuri zrda procenti mTlian SemosavlebSi 109.3 119 162 100 53.7 111 143 80 19.1 105 135 53 2.0 4.4 8.2 1.6 6.6 3.2 0.5 2.7 2.4 -1.0 114 164 104 101 106 105 102 106 108 90 182 185 121 99 152 184 202 177 125 267 2 2 34 16 18 10 3 6 5 1 56.3 185 358 18 -2.5 46 35.0 123 167 27 30.8 125 165 22 4.2 1.9 114 112 180 182 5 2 0 cxrili A 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri da funqcionaluri klasifikaciiT, 2004 wlis pirveli naxevari (milioni lari) saxelmwifos marTva Tavdacva kanoniereba da wesrigi ganaTleba jandacva socuzrunvelyofa sabinao meurneoba kultura sporti religia energetika soflis meurneoba mSenebloba da wiaRiseulis mopoveba transporti da kavSirgabmuloba sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba sxva xarjebi sul wyaro: finansTa saministro sul xarjebi Sromis anazRaureb a mivlinebebi 143.1 46.7 80.0 25.2 6.4 204.6 2.6 14.4 2.9 9.4 0.3 24.3 1.4 174.4 735.685 20.253 21.930 23.650 3.524 1.832 0.051 0.120 0.720 0.141 2.031 0.229 0.134 0.826 0.251 75.692 6.20 0.31 2.52 0.86 0.29 0.02 0.04 0.21 0.05 0.89 0.08 0.04 0.31 0.08 11.879 socialuri Senatnebi 2.08 0.42 0.76 0.09 0.01 0.55 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 3.975 sxva saqoneli da procentebis momsaxureba gadaxada 27.97 17.59 26.25 0.97 2.77 147.30 1.06 3.27 0.07 6.51 0.03 0.02 0.16 0.31 234.296 77.02 77.021 subsidiebi da mimdinare transfertebi kapitaluri xarjebi 41.25 5.62 18.72 19.77 1.49 57.24 0.87 10.15 2.60 0.92 0.79 8.10 0.01 0.08 55.99 213.801 24.08 0.00 0.09 33.983 programuli xarjebi wminda dakrediteba 44.39 0.01 0.000 40.65 85.038 cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi (aTasi lari) dek-03 wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi ian-04 Teb-04 mar-04 apr-04 mai-04 ivn-04 -311,364 -314,764 -286,372 -240,660 -189,578 -168,086 1,604 1,604 1,604 1,575 1,575 1,575 1,405 ucxouri valuta 395,678 403,388 395,274 422,750 429,559 442,047 526,236 ssf-s resursebis gamoyeneba -593,162 -603,449 -571,041 -556,030 -515,900 -506,695 -539,196 sxva ucxouri valdebulebebi -115,483 -116,307 -112,208 -108,955 -104,812 -105,013 -103,823 891,225 872,449 862,896 834,669 763,922 783,308 771,047 782,912 770,352 776,091 740,220 693,301 712,243 702,859 oqro wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi centralur mTavrobaze gacemuli sesxebi -115,378 816,532 821,484 821,484 815,639 811,349 811,349 811,349 701,125 707,497 707,497 701,125 701,125 701,125 701,125 samTavrobo seqtoris depozitebi -33,620 -51,132 -45,393 -75,419 -118,048 -99,106 -108,490 centraluri mTavrobis depozitebi -11,066 -19,102 -19,304 -38,732 -81,181 -48,464 -67,465 adgilobrivi mTavrobis angariSebi -2,135 -2,972 -676 -6,711 -1,457 -11,072 -5,338 sxva sanTavrobo dawesebulebebis angariSebi -3,845 -4,764 -7,344 -4,189 -470 -1,180 -2,583 specialuri fondebis angariSebi -7,352 -12,342 -12,760 -21,213 -23,870 -27,582 -25,657 -9,223 -11,951 -5,308 -4,573 -11,071 -10,809 -7,447 112,005 112,740 108,823 105,672 101,650 101,818 100,694 109,997 110,782 106,878 103,780 99,834 100,025 98,891 6,320 -1,051 0 8,200 0 3,900 0 -10,011 -9,593 -22,018 -19,424 -31,030 -34,654 -32,506 sxva biujetgareSe fondebi (sul) moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi energetikis seqtoris dakrediteba wminda moTxovnebi bankebisadmi sxva aqtivebi (wminda) sarezevo fuli (M1) 579,862 557,686 576,525 594,008 574,344 615,221 655,670 fuli mimoqcevaSi 473,242 443,545 446,411 466,212 463,219 479,409 504,188 bankebis depozitebi 106,620 114,141 130,113 127,796 111,124 135,813 151,482 81,405 84,138 89,785 89,946 93,473 98,961 74,223 25,214 30,003 40,328 32,550 14,651 35,852 71,259 0 0 0 5,300 3,000 1,000 6,000 savaldebulo rezervebi balansi sakorespondento angariSze bankebis erTdRiani depozitebi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki cxrili A4.2: komerciuli bankebis angariSebi (aTasi lari) dek-03 wminda ucxouri aqtivebi oqro ucxouri valuta ucxouri valdebulebebi wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi adgilobrivi krediti wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi kreditebi adgilobrivi mTavrobis dasafinanseblad sxva moTxovnebi adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi (wminda) ian-04 Teb-04 mar-04 apr-04 mai-04 ivn-04 42,456 80,082 84,491 85,595 50,965 67,816 3 2 2 2 2 2 66,743 2 242,456 276,156 269,808 275,537 245,912 252,679 254,241 -200,002 -196,076 -185,319 -189,944 -194,949 -184,865 -187,501 576,396 587,167 580,138 600,354 615,810 659,741 649,842 747,413 748,757 725,463 751,088 778,370 758,731 783,998 -16,527 -18,252 -21,359 32,977 42,426 30,998 37,643 62,919 32,225 33,451 36,404 46,239 55,915 54,697 10,612 8,367 6,445 4,282 2,038 1,836 1,757 -54,530 -54,578 -55,354 -11,983 -11,263 -20,012 -19,289 sxva biujetgareSe fondebi (wminda) -1,470 -1,364 -1,969 -1,330 -1,042 -1,254 -1,323 specialuri fondebi -2,814 -3,127 -5,053 -2,241 -1,645 -2,309 -4,553 746,355 moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi 763,940 767,009 746,822 718,111 735,944 727,733 moTxovnebi iuridiuli pirebisadmi (wminda) 55,995 50,289 54,637 52,700 52,016 49,423 55,290 moTxovnebi fizikuri pirebisadmi (wminda) 37,829 36,671 39,962 37,651 39,109 33,802 32,851 kreditebi ucxour valutaSi (iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebi) sxva wminda aqtivebi sadepozito valdebulebebi depozitebi erovnul valutaSi depozitebi ucxour valutaSi wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki 670,115 680,049 652,223 627,761 644,819 644,508 658,213 -171,017 -161,591 -145,326 -150,735 -162,561 -98,989 -134,156 618,852 667,249 664,628 685,948 666,774 727,558 716,584 85,863 96,643 120,817 115,454 109,293 119,701 127,018 532,989 570,606 543,812 570,494 557,481 607,857 589,566 cxrili A4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva (aTasi lari) dek-03 wminda ucxouri aqtivebi oqro ucxouri valuta ucxouri valdebulebebi wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi ian-04 Teb-04 mar-04 apr-04 mai-04 ivn-04 -268,907 -234,681 -201,881 -155,065 -138,614 -100,270 1,606 1,606 1,606 1,577 1,577 1,577 -48,635 1,407 638,133 679,544 665,082 698,287 675,471 694,725 780,478 -908,647 -915,831 -868,569 -854,929 -815,661 -796,572 -830,519 1,329,295 1,318,263 1,288,982 1,272,158 1,239,195 1,273,438 1,232,969 1,642,329 1,631,850 1,610,377 1,596,981 1,573,322 1,572,792 1,587,551 766,385 752,100 754,732 773,197 735,727 743,240 740,503 wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi 837,692 835,833 838,584 823,147 786,084 817,582 806,803 wminda moTxovnebi adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi -46,053 -49,183 -49,586 -14,413 -10,682 -29,248 -22,870 wminda moTxovnebi suesf-sadmi -10,166 -15,469 -17,814 -23,454 -25,514 -29,890 -30,211 sxva arasabiujeto fondebi (wminda) -10,692 -13,315 -7,277 -5,903 -12,113 -12,062 -8,770 875,944 879,750 855,645 823,784 837,595 829,551 847,048 -313,034 -313,587 -321,396 -324,823 -334,127 -299,354 -354,582 1,060,388 1,083,581 1,087,101 1,117,092 1,100,581 1,173,168 1,184,334 527,398 512,976 543,289 546,598 543,100 565,311 594,768 441,536 416,333 422,472 431,144 433,807 445,610 467,749 erovnuli valuta mimoqcevaSi 473,242 443,545 446,411 466,212 463,219 479,409 504,188 naRdi fuli k/b-is sacavebSi -31,707 -27,212 -23,939 -35,069 -29,413 -33,798 -36,438 depozitebi erovnul valutaSi 85,863 96,643 120,817 115,454 109,293 119,701 127,018 depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 532,989 570,606 543,812 570,494 557,481 607,857 589,566 adgilobrivi krediti wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi sxva wminda aqtivebi farTo fuli (M3) farTo fuli ucxouri depozitebis gamoklebiT (M2) erovnuli valuta bankebis gareT (M0) wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki cxrili A4.4: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi da inflacia periodi inflacia (%) fasebis indeqsi wina periodTan SedarebiT 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn 100.00 100.40 100.80 100.90 100.70 100.74 99.13 100.00 102.10 101.59 101.59 102.10 102.30 102.40 101.48 101.38 101.89 101.89 106.78 106.99 107.42 107.85 107.96 107.74 107.78 106.06 100.00 102.00 103.22 103.64 105.50 105.50 103.08 101.94 101.84 102.25 102.66 103.79 105.55 107.77 107.23 107.23 107.76 107.98 108.09 107.11 107.01 107.54 107.54 112.70 112.93 113.38 113.84 113.95 113.72 113.77 111.95 100.00 100.70 101.30 101.30 102.32 101.29 100.89 100.18 100.48 99.88 100.58 101.99 103.42 105.48 106.75 107.18 109.11 109.11 106.60 105.42 105.32 105.74 106.16 107.33 109.15 111.45 110.89 110.89 111.44 111.67 111.78 110.77 110.66 111.22 111.22 116.55 116.79 117.25 117.72 117.84 117.61 117.65 115.77 wyaro: GEPLAC -is gamoTvlebi statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebze dayrdnobiT 0.7 0.6 0.0 1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.7 0.3 -0.6 0.7 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.2 0.4 1.8 0.0 -2.3 -1.1 -0.1 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.7 2.1 -0.5 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 -0.9 -0.1 0.5 0.0 4.8 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.04 -1.6 cxrili A5.1.1: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, I nax. 2004 w. (aTasi aSS dolari) qveynebi sul dsT azerbaijani belarusi moldova ruseTis federacia somxeTi tajikeTi TurqmeneTi ukraina uzbekeTi yazaxeTi yirgizeTi I nax. 2004 eqsporti importi 298,098 764,894 157,377 263,536 8,555 62,003 1,160 657 19 652 44,777 98,115 28,191 13,019 387 12 65,502 15,444 5,093 51,019 994 13,758 2,271 8,477 428 380 evrokavSiri 15 avstria belgia dania espaneTi fineTi gaerTianebuli samefo germania irlandia italia luqsemburgi niderlandebi portugalia saberZneTi safrangeTi SvedeTi 45,470 27 1,978 138 1,811 18,126 7,633 56 5,356 103 5,112 6 1,090 3,981 54 260,580 12,669 6,363 6,023 2,562 2,722 83,605 57,889 897 33,467 267 13,502 987 7,237 31,658 733 TurqeTi aSS sxva 47,362 13,292 34,597 81,570 39,687 119,521 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti cxrili A5.2.1: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, I nax.2004 w. (aTasi aSS dolari) HTS 01 - cocxali pirutyvi 02 - xorci da xorcis subproduqtebi 03 - Tevzi, kiborCxalismagvari, moluskebi da sxv. 04 - rZe da rZis produqtebi, frinvelis kvercxi, naturaluri Tafli,cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva sasursaTo produqtebi 05 -cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva produqtebi 06 -cocxali mcenare, mcenareebis bolqvebi da Zirebi, soko, dakrefili yvavilebi da sxv. 07 -bostneuli 08 -nayofi da kakali, citrusebis an baRCeuli kulturebis kani da qerqi 09 -yava, Cai, saneblebi 10 -pur-marcvleuli 11 -fqvil-burRuleulis mrewvelobis produqcia; qeri; saxamebeli; puris webovana 12 -zeTovaniinulini; nayofi da Tesli; sxva Tesli, nayofi da marcvali; samkurnalo da teqnikuri daniSnulebis mcenareebi; Cala da furaJi 13 -fisebi da balzamebi, mcenareuli wvenebi da eqstraqtebi 14 -dawnuli nakeTobebis dasamzadebeli mcenareuli warmoSobis masala; mcenareuli warmoSobis sxva produqtebi, romlebic ar aris miTiTebuli sxva adgilas 15 -cxoveluri da mcenareuli warmoSobis cximebi da zeTebi; maTi daSlis produqtebi; damzadebuli sakvebi cximebi; cxoveluri an mcenareuli warmoSobis cvili 16 -xorcis, Tevzisa da kiborCxalasmagvarTa, moluskebisa da zRvis sxva uxerxemloTa nawarmi 17 -Saqari da Saqris sakonditro nawarmi 18 -kakao da misi nawarmi 19 -puris marcvlis, fqvilis, kraxmalis da rZis nawarmi; fqvilis sakonditro nawarmi 20 -bostneulis, nayofis, kaklis da mcenareTa sxva nawilebis gadamuSavebis produqtebi 21 -sxva saxis sakvebi produqtebi 22 -alkoholiani da ualkoholo sasmelebi da Zmari 23 -gemo-kvebis mrewvelobis narCenebi; mza sakvebi cxovelebisaTvis 24 -Tambaqo da Tambaqos samrewvelo Semcvlelebi 25 -marili; gogirdi; miwa da qva; sabaTqaSe masala; kiri da cementi 26 -madani, wida da nacari 27 -mineraluri sawvavi, navTobi da maTi amoqaCvis produqtebi; bitumizebuli nivTierebebi; mineraluri cvili 28 -araorganuli qimiis produqtebi; Zvirfasi da iSviaTi liTonebis, radioaqtiuri elementebis an izotopebis organuli da araorganuli SenaerTebi 29 -organuli qimiuri SenaerTebi 30 -farmacevtuli produqtebi 31 -sasuqebi 32 -saTrimlavi da saRebavi eqstraqtebi; tanini da misi warmoebulebi; saRebavebi, pigmentebi da sxva saRebavebi nivTierebebi; melani (topografiuli saRebavebi) 33 -eTerzeTebi da rezinoidebi; parfiumeriis, kosmetikisa da tualetis saSualebani 34 -saponi, zedapirulad-aqtiuri organuli nivTierebebi, sarecxi saSualebebi, sapoxi masalebi, xelovnuri da mza sanTlebi, sawmendi da saprialebeli saSualeblebi, sanTeli da misi msgavsi nawarmi, saZerwi pastebi, plastelini, kbilis samkurnalo sanTlebi 35 -cilovani nivTierebebi; modificirebuli saxamebeli; webo; fermentebi 36 -asafeTqebeli nivTierebebi; piroteqnikuri nakeTobebi; asanTi; piroforuli Senadnobebi; sawvav nivTierebaTa zogierTi saxeobebi 37 -foto da kino saqoneli 38 -Sereuli qimiuri produqtebi 39 -plasmasi da misgan damzadebuli nakeTobani 40 -kauCukisa da rezinis nawarmi 41 -tyavis nedleuli (garda bewvisa) da tyavi 42 -tyavis nawarmi; sasarajo-saunagire nawarmi da akazmuloba; samgzavro nivTebi, qalis CanTebi da maTi msgavsi saqoneli; cxovelebis tyavisagan damzadebuli nawarmi (garda naturaluri abreSumis ketgutisa) wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti eqsporti 536 6,964 1,057 importi 219 7,886 1,621 2,612 18 8,551 34 81 2,227 359 2,050 1,540 1,160 9,910 1,887 2,318 31,473 6,704 18,057 152 144 321 325 13 33 5,640 6,913 1,182 20,087 4,335 1,830 26,754 6,817 2,614 4,318 1,926 3,468 2,985 2,680 4,004 4,035 942 11,494 1,792 15,359 2,569 13 5,198 1,131 94,308 134,114 1,903 3,208 35,267 3,184 1,148 37,964 14 166 1,461 3,194 5,477 8,994 3,457 5,171 347 763 1,311 165 4,038 8,588 3,180 1,239 335 6,915 12,002 8,122 220 201 208 467 cxrili A5.2.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, I nax.2004w. (aTasi aSS dolari) HTS 44 -merqani da misgan damzadebuli nawarmi; xis naxSiri 45 -korpi da misi nawarmi 46 -Calis nawarmi, mcenareuli da sxva warmoSobis dasawnavi masala; kalaTis da sxva wnuli nakeToba eqsporti 1,697 841 importi 2,893 1,437 4 3 30 30 48 da muyao; qaRaldisa da muyaos nawarmi 49 -qaRaldi -nabeWdi wignebi, gazeTebi, reproduqciebi da poligrafiuli mrewvelobis sxva nawarmi; xelnawerebi, nabeWdi teqstebi da gegmebi 10,788 14,182 2,977 2,868 50 -abreSumi 51 -matyli, cxovelebis wminda da uxeSi bewvi; cxenis Zuis narTi da qsovili 52 -bamba mcenareuli safeiqro boWkoebi; qaRaldis narTi da misi 53 -sxva qsovilebi 54 -qimiuri Zafebi 55 -qimiuri Stapelis boWkoebi 56 -bamba, nabadi da uqsovadi masalebi; specialuri narTi; bawari da Tokis nawarmi; bagiri da misi nawarmi 57 -xaliCebi da sxva safeiqro iatakis safenebi 4 60 417 146 3 741 1,049 425 127 2 596 1,320 445 194 335 229 47 -saqaRalde masa merqanis an sxva mcenareuli boWkovani masalisagan; qaRaldisa da muyaos narCenebi da makulatura 58 -specialuri qsovilebi; qsovilebi xaoiani arSiiT; maqmani, gobelini, mosarTavi masalebi; naqargebi 59 -safeiqro qsovilebi, gaJRenTili, gaormagebuli, safarveliT; teqnikuri nawarmi misgan 60 -manqaniTa da xeliT naqsovi trikotaJis tilo 61 -trikotaJis tansacmeli 62 -naqsovi tansacmeli (garda trikotaJisa) 63 -sxva mza safeiqro nawarmi 39 69 261 123 566 2,064 1,955 373 468 1,680 12,106 2,632 64 -fexsacmeli, windebi da analogiuri nawarmi; maTi nawilebi 65 -Tavsaburebi da maTi nawilebi 2,798 44 3,145 144 44 39 66 -qolgebi, xeljoxebi, Soltebi, maTraxebi da maTi nawilebi 67 -damuSavebuli bumbuli da misgan damzadebuli nawarmi; xelovnuri yvavilebi; adamianis Tmisagan damzadebuli nakeTobani 68 -nakeTobani qvis, TabaSiris, cementis, qarsisa da sxva msgavsi masalisagan 69 -keramikis nawarmi 70 -SuSa da misi nawarmi 71 -bunebrivi an kultivirebuli margaliti, Zvirfasi an naxevradZvirfasi qvebi, Zvirfasi liTonebi, Zvirfas liTonebSi 72 -Savi liTonebi 73 -Savi liTonebis nawarmi 74 -spilenZi da misi nakeTobani 75 -nikeli da misi nakeTobani 76 -alumini da misi nakeTobani 78 -tyvia da misi nakeTobani 79 -TuTia da misi nakeTobani 80 - kala da misi nakeToba 81 araZvirfasi liTonebi; maTiaraZvirfasi nakeTobani 82 -sxva -instrumentebi, danis nawarmi,liTonkeramika; kovzebi, Canglebi liTonebisagan; maTi nawilebi araZvirfasi liTonebisagan 83 -araZvirfasi liTonebisagan damzadebuli sxva nakeTobani, romlebic sxva adgilas ar aris miTiTebuli 84 -atomuri reaqtorebi, qvabebi, danadgarebi da meqanikuri mowyobilobebi; maTi nawilebi 85 -eleqtruli manqanebi da mowyobilobebi, maTi nawili; xmis Camweri da xmis aRmdgeni aparatura; satelevizio gamosaxulebisa da xmis Camweri da aRmdgeni aparatura; maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 86 -sarkinigzo lokomotivebi da moZravi Semadgenlobebi, tramvai, maTi nawilebi; tramvais da rkinigzis qselis sagzao mowyobilobani, maTi kvanZebi da detalebi; meqanikuri da eleqtromeqanikuri signalizaciis mowyobilobebi 87 -miwiszeda satransporto saSualebebi, sarkinigzo da tramvais moZravi Semadgenlobebis garda, da maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 88 -safreni aparatebi, kosmosuri aparatebi maTi nawilebi 4 9 996 2,991 4,912 4,119 5,324 5,585 599 6,837 52,098 477 5 1,076 34 12 5 9 1,027 14,641 49,648 1,076 1 2,069 67 78 2 24 625 1,586 1,483 3,591 39,126 89,082 28,654 59,832 2,178 950 28,122 9,698 52,589 11,840 89 -gemebi, navebi da sxva mcuravi saSualebebi 6,470 1,121 90 -optikuri, fotografiuli, kinematografiuli, sazomi, sakontrolo, precizionuri, samedicino da qirurgiuli mowyobilobebi da aparatebi; maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 6,837 12,356 91 -saaTebi da maTi nawilebi 92 -musikaluri instrumentebi; maTi nawilebi 93 - iaraRebi da saomari saSualebebi; maTi nawilebi analogiuri avejis kuTvnilobani; gasanaTebeli mowyobilobebi 95 -saTamaSoebi, TamaSobebi da sportuli inventari; maTi nawilebi 96 -sxvadasxva mza nawarmi 97- xelovnebis nimuSebi, sakoleqcio da antikvaruli sagnebi 136 5 1,474 8,346 641 392 1,084 201 10 5,984 12,817 1,376 2,075 32 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti cxrili A6.1: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 2004 w. martis mdgomareobiT (sawarmoTa ricxvi) raioni (qalaqi ) afxazeTi aWara Tbilisi guria lanCxuTi ozurgeTi Coxatauri raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi ambrolauri lentexi oni cageri samegrelo da zemo svaneTi abaSa zugdidi martvili mestia senaki Cxorowyu walenjixa xobi foTi imereTi quTaisi tyibuli wyaltubo WiaTura baRdaTi vani zestafoni Terjola samtredia saCxere xaragauli xoni kaxeTi axmeta gurjaani dedofliswyaro Telavi lagodexi sagarejo siRnaRi yvareli mcxeTa-TianeTi axalgori duSeTi TianeTi mcxeTa yazbegi samcxe-javaxeTi adigeni aspinZa axalqalaqi axalcixe borjomi ninowminda qvemo qarTli rusTavi bolnisi gardabani dmanisi TeTriwyaro marneuli walka Sida qarTli cxinvali gori kaspi qareli xaSuri java sqms sul privatizebuli an likvidirebuli sul damtkicebuli saprivatizaciod 8 privatizebulia 2004w. - - 397 171 - 4,689 5,454 321 495 64 115 200 279 - 5 57 101 - 171 283 5 1 60 98 - 32 47 - 48 73 - 31 65 1,122 1,558 1 4 88 98 - 216 288 - 60 - 55 12 25 250 431 39 65 - 52 70 - 146 142 264 379 2,785 3,442 1 2 1 26 636 967 224 208 276 320 3 273 364 4 73 119 1 68 118 12 425 2 455 - 132 154 - 448 474 - 95 105 71 75 - 64 83 1,106 1,456 179 214 141 176 92 172 222 288 74 74 4 18 7 2 2 - 132 133 140 232 126 167 1 327 429 7 18 20 89 140 3 3 1 - 58 74 133 158 29 37 1 613 995 17 82 124 30 55 66 113 5 - 9 6 - 247 386 160 266 - 28 51 - 1,157 1,711 358 493 65 159 276 2 18 4 - 293 1 21 73 - 115 243 - 287 410 35 40 897 1,102 - 12 1 13 5 - 318 385 - 203 224 9 141 192 235 296 - - - - 524 584 14,117 17,680 4 109 wyaro: ekonomikis saministros privatizebis departamenti SeniSvna: imis gamo rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aRematebodes gasayidaT damtkicebulTa ricxvs. cxrili A7.1.1: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. I kv. - 2000 w. IV kv. (aTasi kaci) 1998 w. I kv. sul, 15 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1) ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2) dasaqmebuli daqiravebuli TviT-dasaqmebuli umuSevari (1) umuSevari (2) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (1) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (2) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2) 3, 099 II kv. 1999 w. III kv. 3, 136 3, 194 IV kv. 3, 008 2,332 2,462 2,146 1,990 2,457 2, 101 714 1,387 231 356 1,162 1,108 9.9 14.5 2,555 2,283 737 1,546 179 272 1,054 1,019 7.3 10.6 2,195 1,887 786 1,092 260 309 975 937 12.1 14.1 2,042 1,741 741 990 249 301 1,039 980 12.5 14.7 78.5 81.5 62.8 67.7 67.2 68.7 50.9 57.9 66.2 67.9 49.7 56.9 samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti (1) 75.3 samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti (2) 79.3 TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian samuSao ZalaSi 59.5 TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian dasaqmebaSi 66.0 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, samuSao Zalis gamokvleva SeniSvna: (1 ) Sso-s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT) (2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT I kv. II kv. 2000 w. III kv. IV kv. I kv. II kv. III kv. IV kv. 3, 032 3, 049 3, 092 3, 018 3, 123 3, 151 3, 133 3, 199 2, 018 2, 052 2, 058 1, 917 1, 951 2, 102 2, 064 2, 095 2, 058 2, 093 2, 106 1, 975 2, 087 2, 199 2, 181 2, 215 1, 725 737 973 1, 784 743 1, 023 1, 792 741 1, 030 1, 633 710 905 1, 705 679 912 1, 890 695 1, 087 1, 890 675 1, 095 1, 878 691 1, 080 292 333 1,110 1,000 14.5 16.2 268 308 1,078 997 13.0 14.7 266 314 1,049 962 12.9 14.9 284 342 1,158 1,044 14.8 17.3 246 382 1,172 1,035 12.6 18.3 212 309 1,048 952 10.1 14.0 174 292 1,069 952 8.4 13.4 217 337 1,104 985 10.4 15.2 66.6 67.9 48.2 56.4 67.3 68.6 49.8 57.3 66.6 68.1 50.1 57.5 63.5 65.4 47.2 55.4 62.5 66.8 46.7 53.5 66.7 69.8 51.7 57.5 65.9 69.6 53.0 57.9 65.5 69.2 51.6 57.5 cxrili A7.1.2: ekonomikuri statusi, 2000 w. I kv. - 2004 w. I kv. (aTasi kaci) 2001 w. I kv. sul, 15 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1) ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2) dasaqmebuli daqiravebuli TviT-dasaqmebuli umuSevari (1) umuSevari (2) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (1) mosaxleoba samuSao Zalis gareT (2) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1) umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2) II kv. 2002 w. III kv. IV kv. I kv. II kv. 2004 w. 2003 w. III kv. IV kv. I kv. II kv. III kv. Q IV I kv. 3, 277 3, 269 3, 139 3, 083 3, 016 3, 033 3, 021 2, 971 3, 082 3, 060 3, 132 3, 134 3, 143 2, 066 2, 197 2, 144 2, 048 1, 912 1, 983 2, 003 1, 945 1, 941 2, 037 2, 120 2, 103 2, 007 2, 195 2, 314 2, 246 2, 165 1, 983 2, 036 2, 063 2, 015 2, 025 2, 095 2, 170 2, 160 2, 089 1, 818 681 1, 034 1, 944 672 1, 189 1, 913 636 1, 194 1, 838 630 1, 127 1, 659 625 1, 028 1, 742 598 1, 141 1, 768 597 1, 168 1, 713 607 1, 102 1, 679 594 1, 083 1, 805 604 1, 200 1, 897 640 1, 255 1, 877 637 1, 240 1, 746 620 1, 125 248 377 1,210 1,082 12.0 17.2 253 370 1,072 955 11.5 16.0 231 333 995 893 10.8 14.8 210 327 1,034 918 10.3 15.1 254 324 1,103 1,033 13.3 16.3 241 294 1,050 997 12.1 14.4 236 296 1,017 957 11.8 14.3 232 303 1,026 956 11.9 15.0 262 345 1,141 1,057 13.5 17.1 233 290 1,023 965 11.4 13.9 223 273 1,002 952 10.5 12.9 226 283 1, 028 971 10.7 13.1 260 342 1, 130 1,047 13.0 16.4 samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti (1) 63.1 67.2 samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti (2) 67.0 70.8 TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian samuSao ZalaSi 50.1 54.1 TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian dasaqmebaSi 56.9 61.2 wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, samuSao Zalis gamokvleva SeniSvna: (1 ) Sso-s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT) (2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT 68.3 71.5 55.7 62.4 66.4 70.2 55.0 61.3 63.4 65.7 53.7 62.0 65.4 67.1 57.5 65.5 66.3 68.3 58.3 66.1 65.5 67.8 56.6 64.3 63.0 65.7 55.8 64.5 66.6 68.5 58.9 66.5 67.7 69.3 59.2 66.2 67.1 68.9 59.0 66.1 63.9 66.5 56.1 64.4 abreviaturebi gaero gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia vmo vaWrobis msoflio organizacia vssk vaWrobis saerTaSoriso standartuli klasifikacia dsT damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba dRg damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi epkc ekonomikuri politikisa da kvlevis centri Tbsb Tbilisis bankTaSorisi savaluto birJa kvt•sT kilovatsaaTi (mgvt•sT - megavatsaaTi, gvt•sT - gigavatsaaTi) mep mTliani erovnuli produqti mSp mTliani Sida produqti mfi mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi sd saxelmwifo sagadasaxado departamenti seb saqarTvelos erovnuli banki sem saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi sesf socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi sv saxazino valdebuleba (Tamasuqi) ssd statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti sss saxelmwifo sagadasaxado samsaxuri sssf saqarTvelos socialuri sainvesticio fondi ssu specialuri sasesxo uflebebi ssf saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi sf sarezervo fuli sfi samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi sqms saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro Sso Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia waa wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi wfi warmoebis fasebis indeqsi wmp wminda materialuri produqti wsr wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi wua wminda ucxouri aqtivebi ha heqtari ACDI soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis organizacia BSEC Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromloba BSTDB Savi zRvis vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis banki CAP saerTo agraruli politika 142 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 abreviaturebi CASE socialuri da ekonomikuri kvlevis centri CEFTA centraluri evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis SeTanxmeba EBRD evropis rekonstruqciisa sa ganviTarebis banki ECB evropis centraluri banki ECCC evrokavSiris sabajo kodeqsi EFSA evropis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis administracia EFTA evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis SeTanxmeba EMI evropis monetaruli instituti EMS evropis monetaruli sistema EMU ekonomikuri da monetaruli kavSiri ESAF struqturul gardaqmnaTa gafarToebuli dafinansebis meqanizmi EUR evro FTA Tavisufali vaWrobis SeTanxmeba GATT generaluri SeTanxmeba vaWrobasa da tarifebze GEPLAC ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTulevropuli sakonsultacio centri GET saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi (ix. sem) GSP preferenciebis zogadi sistema GUUAM (suuam) saqarTvelos, ukrainis, uzbekeTis, azerbaijanisa da moldovas mier 1997 wels Camoyalibebuli regionaluri organizacia HS harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistema ICC saerT aSoriso savaWro palata IEA energetikis saerTaSoriso saagento IFAD soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso fondi INOGATE evropisaken navTobisa da gazis saxelmwifoTaSoriso transportireba ISIC saerTaSoriso standartuli dargobrivi klasifikacia MRAs urTierTaRiarebis SeTanxmebebi NTR normaluri savaWro urTierToba OECD ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizacia OPEC navTobis eqsportiori qveynebis organizacia PREGP saqarTvelos siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programa SAC msofli ban kis struqturul gardaqmnaTa krediti SDR is. ssu SIS TurqeTis statistikis saxelmwifo instituti TEN trans-evropuli qselebi TRI vaWrobis SezRudulobisi indeqsi TRIMs vaWrobasTan dakavSirebuli sainvesticio RonisZiebebi TRIPS vaWrobasTan dakavSirebuli inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebi saqarTvelos ekonomik is mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3 143 abreviaturebi TRACECA satransporto koridori evropa-kavkasia-azia UNCTAD gaeros vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis konferencia UNCITRAL gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis saerTaSoriso savaWro kanonmdeblobis komisia USAID amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento USITC amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis komisia USTR amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis savaWro warmomadgenloba WTO vaWrobis msoflio organizacia (ix. vmo) WTO msoflio turistuli organizacia 144 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2004 weli, #3
