GRAMMAR
Transcript
GRAMMAR
Council of Europe Levels A1+A2 B1 GRAMMAR - Adjectives, including word order - Adverbial phrases of time, place and frequency, including word order - Adverbs, including word order - Adverbs of frequency, including word order - Adverbs of place: here, there... - Adverbs of time: now, today, yesterday, already, just, yet, for, since, ever, never... - Articles: a/an/the - Articles: with countable and uncountable nouns - Comparatives and superlatives, including irregular forms - Conditionals: zero and 1st - Countables and Uncountables, including how much/how many - Demonstratives: adjectives+pronouns - Future Tenses: will and going to - Genitive: use of ‘s, s’ + double genitive + whose - Gerunds: after verbs and prepositions - Gerunds: as subjects and objects - Imperatives - Indefinite adverbs: somewhere/anywhere/nowhere... - Indefinite pronouns: somebody/anybody/everybody... - Infinitives: after verbs and adjectives - Intensifiers: very basic - Interrogative pronouns - Have got - Let’s/shall/why don’t - Linkers: and, but, or, because, if, when, where... - Modals: can/can’t/could/couldn’t - Modals: have to/don’t have to - Modals: may - Modals: must/mustn’t - Modals: need/needn’t - Modals: shall - Modals: should/shouldn’t - Modals: would/wouldn’t - Numbers: cardinal and ordinal - Participles: as adjectives - Passive: basic forms - Past continuous - Past simple: to be - Past simple: regular and irregular verbs - Personal pronouns: subject and object - Phrasal verbs: common - Possessives: adjectives+pronouns - Plurals, including irregular forms - Prepositional phrases (place, time and movement) - Prepositions - Prepositions of place: behind/near/ opposite... - Prepositions of time: at/in/on/till/ before/until/during... - Present continuous - Present continuous for future - Present simple - Present simple for future - Present simple vs present continuous - Present perfect - Quantifiers: some/any/much/ many/little/few/a little/a few/a lot of... - Relative pronouns: who/which/that - There is/There are - There was/There were - To be - To have - Verb + ing: like/hate/love/enjoy/ mind/look forward to... - Verb + infinitive: want/would like... - Wh-questions - Causative have/get - Comparatives and superlatives: extended - Conditionals: 2nd and 3rd - Connecting words expressing cause and effect, contrast etc.: unless/while/ although/whereas... - Past perfect - Past simple: extended - Phrasal verbs: extended - Prepositions: due to/in order to/ owing to... - Present perfect continuous - Present perfect vs past simple 1 - Gerunds vs infinitives - Indirect and embedded questions - Infinitive of purpose - Intensifiers: enough, such, too... - Modals: be able to - Modals: can’t/must (deduction) - Modals: have to vs must - Modals: may/might/will (probability) - Modals: ought to - Modals: should have/might have... - Modals: used to - Passive: extended - Past continuous: extended - Past continuous vs past simple - Present perfect vs present perfect continuous - Question tags - Reciprocal pronouns: each other/one another - Reflexive and emphatic pronouns - Relative pronouns: whom/ whose/where/omitted pronoun - Reported speech, including tense changes etc. - So/neither/nor with auxiliaries - Will and going to for prediction - Will: as an offer TOPICS / AREE LESSICALI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • abbigliamento ambiente animali e il mondo naturale cibo, bevande e ristoranti colori e forme corpo umano data e ora famiglia fare la spesa/comprare hobby e attività di svago i media (TV, giornali ecc.) identificazione personale indicazioni stradali intrattenimento istruzione la casa lavoro le arti lingua/linguaggio luoghi ed edifici mezzi di trasporto nazioni e nazionalità numeri cardinali e ordinali parti del giorno, giorni della settimana, mesi, stagioni rapporti sociali salute scienza e tecnologia scuola e studio sentimenti, opinioni ed esperienze personali 2 • • • • • • servizi sport tempo libero tempo meteorologico vacanze e viaggi vita quotidiana Nota: pur trattandosi di un valido strumento per la preparazione dei contenuti di grammatica e di lessico, il presente documento non è da intendersi come esaustivo. Recommended books / Materiale consigliato Camesasca, E., Gallagher, A., & Martellotta, I. (n.d.). Working with grammar gold edition. Harlow, UK: Longman. Eastwood, J. (n.d.). Oxford practice grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McCarthy, M., & O’Dell, F. (n.d.). English vocabulary in use: Elementary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Murphy, R. (n.d.). English grammar in use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Murphy, R. (n.d.). Essential grammar in use (edizione italiana). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Redman, S. (n.d.). English vocabulary in use: Pre-intermediate & intermediate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vince, M., & Pallini, L. (n.d.). English grammar practice for Italian students. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan. NB: per i testi di grammatica e di lessico non è stato indicato un anno di pubblicazione, lasciando libertà di scelta, ma si consiglia di scegliere un’edizione con le soluzioni. 3