Tecniche e prassi dello scambio interlinguistico

Cristina Scarpino
Tecniche e prassi
dello scambio interlinguistico
Traduzioni (e volgarizzamenti) nel dizionario di John Florio
Congedo Editore
Questo studio si inserisce all’interno del PRIN 2005 «CASVI. Censimento, Archivio e Studio dei Volgarizzamenti Italiani» che coinvolge le università del Salento, della Basilicata, di Catania, di Torino e la Scuola Normale Superiore di
Pisa (coordinatore nazionale Rosario Coluccia, Università del Salento).
 Congedo Editore 2008
Stampa: Congedo Editore
PREMESSA
Questo lavoro, che ha per oggetto il dizionario italiano-inglese di John Florio, nelle due edizioni del 1598 e del 1611 curate direttamente dall’autore, si
propone come obiettivo più ampio di studiare la presenza della lingua italiana
nell’Inghilterra elisabettiana e la reazione interlinguistica a tale impatto;
l’analisi è condotta su un campione di termini appartenenti alla tradizione scientifica, che nel XVI secolo conosce nuovi impulsi e subisce trasformazioni radicali.
L’indagine si svolge lungo due direttrici principali: all’impostazione tradizionale di stampo filologico, che punta a ricostruire il rapporto tra Florio e le
sue le fonti (dirette e indirette), si unisce la prospettiva metalessicografica, che
tiene conto della strategia compositiva adottata da Florio in entrambe le edizioni, al fine di risolvere problemi lessicali e semantici delle due lingue rappresentate nel dizionario.
Lo studio è diviso in due parti: nella prima si commentano i dati relativi
all’analisi del lessico scientifico registrato nel repertorio floriano (in particolare
i nomi delle pietre preziose) e si descrive il rapporto eterogeneo tra Florio e le
fonti di questo lessico settoriale; nella seconda si discute il corpus selezionato
per la ricerca.
Non è possibile interpretare in termini moderni opere prodotte nel passato
per quanto esse siano foriere d’innovazione: il loro valore reale può comprendersi appieno solo se esse vengono inserite nel circuito storico-culturale in cui
sono state prodotte. A tale scopo è stata redatta un’introduzione che rende conto
delle interconnessioni tra lingua e cultura all’estinguersi dell’esperienza rinascimentale e agli esordi di quella moderna, delineando la complessa situazione
linguistica che caratterizza l’Inghilterra di John Florio: nella sua opera si riflette
di fatto il crescente apprezzamento della lingua italiana e del suo patrimonio letterario volgare, antico e moderno, da parte dell’élite inglese dell’epoca.
L’inserimento di uno studio su un dizionario bilingue italiano-inglese prodotto a cavallo tra il XVI e il XVII secolo all’interno di un progetto sui volgarizzamenti è intenzionale e trova la sua giustificazione se, con Folena, si considera
l’atto del volgarizzare come traduzione “dall’alto”, intendendo con questo non
la derivazione genetica (verticale) di una lingua da un’altra, ma il prestigio che
5
una varietà può esercitare su un’altra già strutturata: nel caso qui studiato una
lingua (l’inglese) si rivolge a un modello di eccellenza (l’italiano). Inserita in
questo contesto interpretativo l’opera di Florio (la cui traduzione si esercita su
un piano orizzontale) rappresenta il culmine di un processo di attenzione alla
nostra lingua ininterrotto fin dai tempi di Chaucer, il primo a tradurre in un idioma diverso dall’originale un sonetto del Canzoniere di Petrarca.
6
INTRODUZIONE
Verso la fine del Quattrocento, secolo che «aveva marginalizzato e deprezzato l’esercizio del volgarizzare, mentre aveva reso centrale il problema della traduzione dal greco al latino» (Tavoni 1992, 70), si assiste a una ripresa
d’interesse per i volgarizzamenti e le traduzioni, che si sviluppa in concomitanza con una serie di contatti culturali tra le diverse regioni d’Europa. L’Italia, che
in questo periodo conosce una notevole espansione a livello internazionale, esercita tale azione fondamentalmente lungo due traiettorie: il basso Mediterraneo e il nord Europa continentale e insulare. All’interno delle corti europee
l’italiano è sinonimo di cultura raffinata, cresce il desiderio di apprendere tale
lingua e allo scopo si allestiscono strumenti specifici. Nell’ambito dei rapporti
anglo-italiani1 la condizione di eccellenza dell’italiano e la conseguente influenza di questo sulla lingua e sui costumi degli inglesi2 è espressa in maniera quasi
emblematica dall’impresa lessicografica di John Florio: due edizioni di un dizionario italiano-inglese pubblicato a Londra nel 1598 (A Worlde of Wordes, for
Edw. Blount) e nuovamente nel 1611 (Qveen Anna’s new world of words, for
Edw. Blount and William Barret)3.
L’opera floriana, considerata nel suo complesso, non ha rilevanza solo nella
storia delle relazioni culturali tra l’Italia e l’Inghilterra del Rinascimento, ma si
presenta come una vera e propria pietra miliare nel panorama della lessicografia
prescientifica italiana, monolingue e bilingue4.
1
Si preferisce questa etichetta alla complementare “italo-inglesi” perché, nell’epoca indagata, è
la lingua inglese a tendere verso l’italiano e la modalità del contatto tra le due lingue si manifesta
a direzione invertita rispetto a quella prevalente oggi.
2
Nel periodo compreso tra il 1550 e il 1650 si registra la maggiore penetrazione dell’elemento
italiano nel lessico inglese, come dimostra il grafico sul numero dei prestiti italiani nell’OED fornito da Pinnavia 2001, 146.
3
L’azione di Florio nella diffusione dell’italiano nell’Inghilterra elisabettina (su cui cfr. Wyatt
2005 e Lawrence 2006) non va circoscritta alle due edizioni del dizionario, che sono invece
l’anello finale di una catena apertasi nel 1578 con i Firste Fruites, un manuale per
l’apprendimento della lingua italiana.
4
Le caratteristiche generali del dizionario di Florio sono state indagate da molti studiosi, secondo diverse angolazioni e livelli di analisi più o meno approfonditi: cfr. Tancke 1984 e 1992,
O’Connor 1990, Della Valle 1993, Iamartino 1994; per l’apporto alla lessicografia italo-inglese
cfr. O’Connor 1972 e 1973; per l’influenza sul versante italo-francese cfr. Van Passen 1981 e Pfister 1989.
7
La portata innovativa del dizionario riguarda due fattori tra loro collegati: la
tipologia delle entrate e il canone dei testi spogliati. Con riferimento al primo
fattore, il lemmario si caratterizza per la registrazione, oltre che di forme italiane, anche di forme dialettali, di tecnicismi e di voci provenienti da altre lingue,
che entrano per la prima volta nella lessicografia italiana; riguardo al secondo,
nella raccolta di Florio vengono utilizzate come fonti di lingua opere di carattere non letterario, che comportano la presenza nel dizionario di un numero consistente di tecnicismi, inaugurando un processo di attenzione ai linguaggi tecnicoscientifici che, in maniera più consistente, caratterizzerà la lessicografia settecentesca e posteriore.
La presenza copiosa, accanto a forme italiane, di parole dialettali è elemento
rivelatore di una lingua e di una cultura ancora piuttosto frammentarie (pur se è
avvertibile la presenza del modello bembesco) ma che nonostante ciò (o forse
proprio per questa ragione) riescono a influenzare e ispirare la letteratura e i costumi inglesi. Il Rinascimento europeo è caratterizzato da una serie di dibattiti
intorno alle lingue, ed è noto quanta parte abbia la questione della lingua in Italia. Anche in Inghilterra, in una situazione sociale e linguistica ben diversa, si
avverte l’esigenza di chiarire il rapporto fra lingua e letteratura e insieme di definire la posizione dell’italiano, divenuta lingua di trasmissione
dell’Umanesimo, di fronte alle altre lingue romanze che avevano fino a quel
momento attirato l’interesse degli anglosassoni. Si tratta del francese e dello
spagnolo, menzionate insieme all’italiano nella dedicatoria premessa alla prima
edizione:
Wherein no lesse must be attributed to your embellisht graces [...] well entred
in the toong, ere your Honor entred Italie, there threin so perfected, as what
needeth a Dictionarie? Naie, if I offer seruice but to them that need it, with
what face seek I a place with your excellent Ladiship [...] who by conceited
industrie, or industrious conceite, in Italian as in French, in French as in Spanish, in all as in English, vnderstand what you reade, write as you reade, and
speake as you write; yet rather charge your minde with matter, then your
memorie with words? (The Epistle dedicatorie, 1598, p. *4).
La situazione appena descritta è sintetizzata in modo molto efficace da
un’illustrazione presente nel frontespizio del Lexicon Tetraglotton5 di James
Howell, un lessico plurilingue edito a Londra tra il 1659 e il 1660, che attesta la
continuità del contatto tra l’inglese e le tre lingue romanze anche in un periodo
successivo all’epoca elisabettiana, testimoniando l’impossibilità di stabilire confini netti tra una lingua e l’altra. L’illustrazione rappresenta un gruppo di quattro
figure femminili, simbolo delle quattro lingue/nazioni di cui il dizionario è og5
Lexicon Tetraglotton, An English-French-Italian-Spanish Dictionary: Whereunto is Adjoined
A large Nomenclature of the proper Terms (in all the four) belonging to several Arts and Sciences, to Recreations, to Professions both Liberal and Mechanick, etc. Diuided into Fiftie two
Sections, London, 1659-1660 (ed. elettronica LEME).
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getto, identificate dalle lettere poste sul capo di ognuna di esse e precisamente
(da sinistra a destra): S (Spanish), F (French), I (Italian), E (English).
All’estrema destra è collocata una quinta figura, seminascosta dal tronco di un
albero: un soldato teutonico, marcato con la sigla Br (British). L’allegoria è
spiegata da Howell stesso nella prefazione all’opera: S, F e I sono lingue sorelle
(in quanto tutte figlie del latino) e madri6, che formano un’associazione nella
quale tenta di entrare E, anch’essa lingua madre, evoluta dal teutonico (o olandese antico). Al di là della giustezza filologica delle spiegazioni di Howell e al
di là delle considerazioni che sono state fatte sul piano storico-culturale7, il
messaggio principale trasmesso dall’immagine è linguistico. Latino e francese,
le due lingue che hanno contribuito maggiormente all’ampliamento del lessico
inglese (cfr. n. 14), sono impiegate nei titoli, con una differenza: il latino (Associatio linguarum) è posto in alto al centro, il francese (La ligue des langues) in
corrispondenza dello stesso punto, ma in basso e in carattere più piccolo. La posizione privilegiata accordata alla titolazione latina è indice dell’ovvio prestigio
culturale di cui gode questa lingua; di riflesso, l’italiano è elogiato da Howell
proprio in quanto espressione più diretta del latino, rispetto alle altre due “sorelle”. Con riferimento alla disposizione delle figure, è interessante, perché emblematico dei rapporti anglo-italiani nella fase post-elisabettiana e rivoluzionaria, l’accostamento di I ed E, quasi a voler dimostrare una comunanza di problemi linguistici: nelle sorti dell’italiano, stabilizzatosi sulle opere di Dante, Petrarca e Boccaccio, gli inglesi possono vedere un riflesso di quanto è avvenuto
nella loro lingua, innalzata da Chaucer, Gower e, successivamente, da Shakespeare. Va inoltre ricordato che, per quanto non paragonabile a quella italiana,
anche l’Inghilterra ha una sua “questione della lingua” che si svolge su tre fronti: il latino, il francese, l’evoluzione dell’inglese dal sassone8.
Tornando al Florio, le considerazioni precedenti giustificano la presenza tra
le sue fonti di dizionari bilingui italiano-francese (il Dittionario Italiano e Francese, di A. Fenice) e italiano-spagnolo (il Vocabolario delas dos Lenguas, Ita6
La traduzione è letterale (su mother tongues); tuttavia, in considerazione di quanto affermato
a proposito della situazione linguistica dell’inglese, si potrebbero usare in alternativa le espressioni “lingue nazionali” o, più opportunamente, “lingue di cultura”.
7
«The unsmiling expression of Spanish, whose arm, alone of the three sisters, does not touch
the extended arm of English, projects wariness. Conflict between Spain and France, part of the
Thirty Years’ War, had only recently been concluded by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The
warmth with which French embraces English, the nearness of Italian behind them, and the standoffishness of Spanish, accurately reflect the influence that they had on English to that date» (si
cita dal commento registrato in LEME).
8
La questione della lingua volgare che estende il suo dominio a campi tradizionalmente esclusivi del latino è già stata affrontata e risolta in Italia a favore dell’italiano (fiorentino). Il problema
si presenta in Inghilterra e proprio in questo periodo viene risolto a favore dell’inglese, che, già
nei primi decenni del Seicento, sembra essere in grado di competere con il latino, al quale tuttavia
continua ricorrere con un diverso approccio, nella trattazione di qualunque campo del sapere (cfr.
Blacke 1992, Burnley 1992 e Lass 1992).
9
liano et Spagnuolo, di C. de las Casas). Tra le novità apportate da Florio alla
lessicografia contemporanea va segnalata proprio la registrazione dei names of
the Authors and Books that haue been read of purpose for the collecting of this
Dictionarie, tra i quali, come già accennato, è elevato il numero di testi non letterari, in contrasto sia con la lessicografia italiana precedente, costruita sul lessico delle Tre Corone, sia con il corpus del primo Vocabolario della Crusca, fedele alla soluzione bembesca della questione della lingua. Nella dedicatoria del
1598 il lessicografo specifica le ragioni della sua scelta e sottolinea che il suo
dizionario non è destinato solo ai principianti ma anche a tutti coloro che hanno
difficoltà a leggere le opere letterarie italiane, in special modo quelle rinascimentali, estremamente varie sia dal punto di vista stilistico sia dal punto di vista
lessicale9.
Nella redazione del 1611 il dizionario assume dimensioni più ampie, sia con
riferimento al lemmario sia con riferimento alle opere citate: da 72 nella prima
edizione si passa a 252 nella seconda, di cui solo 20 in comune con le 230 presenti nel Vocabolario della Crusca10. Anche la tipologia dei testi accolti viene
ampliata e, in ulteriore contrasto con la Crusca, annovera un numero maggiore
di autori che hanno ricevuto una condanna totale o parziale nell’Indice11. Questa
differenza così netta tra il canone cruscante e quello floriano sembrerebbe derivare da esigenze pratiche. All’inizio del XVI secolo l’inadeguatezza dell’inglese
come lingua di cultura è riconosciuta a più livelli: la lingua è «mis-spelt, cioè
disordinata dal punto di vista ortografico, unruled, ossia sregolata dal punto di
vista grammaticale, rude, in quanto povera dal punto di vista lessicale, e barbarous, ovvero imperfetta nell’organizzazione retorica dei testi» (Iamartino 2001,
27-8). L’inglese manca inoltre del prestigio che hanno lingue come il francese e
l’italiano in ambito letterario e non dispone del lessico tecnico richiesto in ambiti specifici (per esempio nella medicina); proprio al mondo latino e romanzo
attinge, servendosi di volgarizzamenti e traduzioni, per arricchire il suo lessico.
9
«Boccace is prettie hard, yet vnderstood: Petrarche harder, but explaned: Dante hardest, but
commented. [...] How then ayme we at Peter Aretine, that is so wittie, hath such varietie, and frames so manie new words? At Francesco Doni, who is so fantasticall, (and) so strange? At
Thomaso Garzoni in his Piazza vniuersale; or at Allessandro Cittolini in his Typocosmia, who
haue more proper and peculiar words concerning euerie seuerall trade, arte, or occupation for
euerie particular toole, or implement belonging vnto them, then euer any man heeretofore either
collected in any booke, or sawe collected in any one language? How shalll we vnderstand Hannibal Caro, who is so full of wittie iestes, sharpe quips, nipping tantes, and scoffing phrases against
that graue and learned man Lodouico Casteluetri, in his Apologia de’ Banchi? Howe shall the
English Gentleman come to the perfect vnderstanding of Federico Grisone, his Arte del Caualcare, who is so full of strange phrases, and vnusuall wordes, peculiar onely to horse-manship, and
proper but to Caualarizzi? How shall we vnderstande so manie and so strange bookes, of so
seuerall, and so fantasticall subiects as be written in the Italian toong?» (The Epistle Dedicatorie,
1598, p. *5).
10
Si utilizza l’edizione elettronica disponibile al sito www.accademiadellacrusca.it/Vocabolario_1612.shtml (ultima consultazione ottobre 2008).
11
Oltre a Bocaccio, in Florio sono presenti anche Doni e Aretino, Brucioli, Diodati, Gesner,
Vergerio e altri, assenti nella Crusca.
10
Nel novero delle traduzioni esplicitate nelle tavole dei citati floriani si rinvengono: Bibbia sacra tradotta da Giovanni Diodati (1611), Cornelio Tacito,
tradotto da Bernardo Davanzati (1611), Lettere d’Ovidio, fatte in volgare
(1611), Metamorphosi d’Ovidio, tradotte dall’Anguillara (1611), Opere di Senofonte, tradotte da Marcantonio Gandini (1598 e 1611), Tito Livio, tradotto
dal Narni (1598 e 1611). Si tratta prevalentemente di opere dell’antichità classica (in continuità con la fase umanistica), alle quali si affiancano, coerentemente
alle esigenze del periodo, alcune traduzioni di lessici specialistici, tra cui Mathiolo sopra Dioscoride12 (1598 e 1611) e la traduzione della Historia naturale
di C. Plinio secondo operata da Antonio Brucioli, che entra nel corpus dei testi
spogliati nella seconda edizione e si configura come fonte di tecnicismi ed esotismi registrati nel dizionario.
Se ci si astrae dal dato puramente linguistico e si analizza il meccanismo di
selezione del canone secondo la prospettiva iniziale dei contatti interculturali,
l’opera di Florio sembra configurarsi come il retaggio di un processo di attenzione a volgarizzamenti e traduzioni, intesi come strumenti di circolazione della
cultura e di travaso delle informazioni e delle conoscenze delle epoche passate,
iniziato già nel Medio Evo, e al tempo stesso sia precorritrice di tendenze sviluppatesi (almeno per quanto riguarda la lingua italiana) molto più tardi13.
12
Il medico senese Pietro-Andrea Mattioli (1501-1578) traduce il testo di Dioscoride in italiano
e lo commenta, non tanto per spiegarne le difficoltà filologiche quanto piuttosto per identificare le
proprietà medicamentose di molti elementi, delle piante in particolare.
13
Il Dizionario universale di Francesco D’Alberti di Villanuova, uno dei primi ad includere
termini tecnico-scientifici e a tener conto dell’uso vivo dei parlanti, risale alla fine del XVIII secolo (1737-1801).
11
PARTE I
TERMINI E FONTI DELLA TRADIZIONE SCIENTIFICA
Le considerazioni precedenti hanno lo scopo di mettere in evidenza la pluralità della documentazione scritta utilizzata da Florio nella composizione del
lemmario e il particolare interesse dimostrato dal lessicografo per le opere di
contenuto tecnico-scientifico.
Nell’edizione del 1611 i tecnicismi costituiscono una percentuale piuttosto
alta delle entrate e provengono da testi diversi. Come già visto, l’ampliamento
del canone a testi di carattere non letterario e la presenza copiosa del filone lessicale specialistico potrebbero esser dovuti al rinnovato interesse per alcune discipline settoriali – la botanica e, pur se con una consistenza minore,
l’astronomia – che affiora proprio in questo periodo, ma anche allo sviluppo che
la prosa scientifica conosce nell’Inghilterra elisabettiana (Migliorini 1988, I,
290 n. 23). Nella fase moderna della storia linguistica inglese, che possiamo
stabilire grosso modo tra la fine del Cinquecento e il primo decennio del secolo
successivo, lo standard nazionale arriva a estendere il proprio domino oltre che
sui dialetti anche sul campo della prosa scientifica e filosofica, fino a quel momento dominato dalla presenza del latino. Per far fronte alle esigenze sia culturali sia pratiche dell’età moderna il vocabolario inglese attinge a prestiti da altre
lingue, inclusa la lingua latina14, e si arricchisce di moltissime parole nuove.
14
«Borrowing from foreign languages, especially from Latin, was also an issue that provoked a
great deal of discussion and controversy in an era when the standard language was taking shape
[...]. The need to expand the lexicon was partly practical, to coin new words for new concepts,
and partly stylistic, to provide a richness of vocabulary, known as copiousness or copy (copia
verborum), which was considered the hallmark of a Literary language» (Nevalainen 1999, 358).
Questo stato delle cose introduce nel lessico inglese una serie di doppioni in cui il termine di origine anglosassone mantiene connotazioni di concretezza e immediatezza, quello di origine francese o latina ha al contrario carattere colto e libresco. Il fenomeno interessa soprattutto i registri
specialistici, ma può coinvolgere anche parole di uso comune: ad es. egg coesiste con ovum, heart
coesiste con cordial, freedom coesiste con liberty, ecc. Rappresentativi di questa situazione sono
alcuni termini floriani registrati nel corpus dell’astronomia, come capricorno (→) e tauro (→): in
entrambe le voci, al traducente della costellazione, che è di origine dotta e più propriamente un
prestito dal latino (Capricornus e Taurus), si affiancano termini autoctoni che indicano gli animali reali (stag e goat nel primo caso; bull nel secondo).
13
Tali motivazioni spiegherebbero la presenza nella seconda edizione del dizionario di Florio di varianti formali e di singole entrate polisemiche, come si
può riscontrare negli esempi (42), (70) e (80).
Nel grafico seguente si riportano i dati percentuali dell’incremento osservabile nell’edizione del 1611 relativamente ai settori “classici” della scienza e
precisamente i regni vegetale, minerale e animale e all’astronomia, dei quali si
fornisce un repertorio-campione nel segmento finale della ricerca, per rendere
conto sia della crescita sia della ridefinizione delle voci nel corpus floriano.
Incremento di termini scientifici tra il 1598 e il 1611
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
Florio 1598
30%
Florio 1611
20%
10%
0%
stelle e
costellazioni [S]
minerali [M]
animali [A]
vegetali [V]
Per tutte le categorie indagate si rileva un certo margine d’aumento nel passaggio dalla prima alla seconda edizione e la categoria che sembra acquisire il
maggior numero di nuove entrate è l’astronomia, ma al di fuori dei dati parziali
forniti dal grafico, il numero maggiore di attestazioni pertiene al settore botanico (cfr. n. 45).
L’ampliamento del numero di voci riguarda in generale l’intero lemmario e
non solo il lessico specialistico qui analizzato (si passa da circa 46.000 a circa
72.000 entrate) ed è imputabile all’ingresso nella seconda edizione di nuovi testi, come dimostra l’analisi che segue, condotta su un campione dei termini afferenti alla tradizione lapidaria, registrati nel glossario finale, e, dove opportuno, estesa ad altre voci esterne a questo segmento. L’analisi evidenzierà i rapporti di dipendenza che intercorrono tra Florio e le sue fonti e consentirà di
formulare ipotesi sulla strategia adottata dal lessicografo anche in merito alle
modalità di redazione della glossa.
Base di partenza per la costituzione del campione analizzato in questo segmento è la Minera del mondo di Giovanni Maria Bonardo15, fonte presente in
15
Pubblicata per la prima volta a Venezia nel 1585 presso i fratelli Zoppini, l’opera, che si rifà
alla Naturalis Historia di Plinio e a repertori medievali, talora fantastici, presenta in ordine alfa-
14
entrambe le redazioni del dizionario, e nello specifico il capitolo III del Libro
secondo (Delle gemme et altre pietre), in cui Bonardo registra 169 voci e 24 varianti per un totale di 193 forme. L’esito dello spoglio ha identificato un corpus
di 183 voci comuni, per forma e/o per significato, alle opere indagate16. Analizzando tali voci in base alla tipologia della glossa e al rapporto tra testo di partenza e testo d’arrivo, sono stati individuati 7 gruppi.
A) Voci comuni a più fonti. Rientrano in questo blocco le voci che presentano
una glossa di tipo “tautologico”, cioè con un unico traducente inglese della
forma italiana, o un rinvio a una variante formale sinonimica. Si tratta di pietre notissime: agata (agate stone →17), alabastro (alabaster stone →), ambre (as ambra), ametisto (amathist stone →), basar/bezar (bezoar stone →),
berillo (berill →), calamita (adamant stone →), calcidonio (chalcidony stone →), corallo (red agate-stone →), diamante (diamond →), diaspro (iasper
stone →), giacinto/iacinto (hiacinth-stone →), granata (granate-stone →),
onice (onix →), opalo (opale-stone →), perla (pearl), piropo (carbunclestone →), pomice (pumice-stone →), rubino (as robino), sardio (corneoll
stone →), smeraldo (emarauld stone →), topatio (topace →), turchesa (turkoise →), zafiro (as zaffiro). Per le voci appartenenti a questo gruppo, tutte
già ampiamente diffuse nei testi delle origini18 e pertanto comuni a diverse
possibili fonti, non si riesce a stabilire una matrice precisa alla quale il lessicografo abbia attinto. Delle 183 forme comuni al World of Words di Florio e
alla Minera di Bonardo, le uniche attestate anche nella prima edizione del
Vocabolario della Crusca rientrano proprio in questo blocco19; se ne potreb-
betico le terre e le polveri, i monti, i laghi, i fiumi, il mare e le altre sorgenti acquatiche, l’aria e il
fuoco (Libro I); i metalli, i sassi e le pietre preziose (Libro II); le erbe e gli alberi (Libro III); i
vermi, gli “animali minuti”, le bestie feroci e gli “animali terrestri”, i pesci e gli uccelli (Libro
IV). Lo spoglio è stato effettuato sull’edizione del 1600.
16
Non si rinvengono in Florio le seguenti 10 forme di Bonardo: pietra della botta, camenite,
dionisia, emathite, esaconta (registrata nel par. dell’esconthalito), siniphite (registrata nel par.
della galatide), giacinto zafirino (registrata nel par. dello iacinto), lichno, mirmedia e nicolo.
17
Qui, e negli altri luoghi ove ricorre, il simbolo (→) indica che la forma è presente nel repertorio-campione; nei pochi casi di glossa a rinvio se ne riporta il contenuto tra parentesi: i lemmi
cui si rimanda non compaiono nel repertorio finale perché non recano stone o mineral nella glossa
(sui criteri di selezione del corpus cfr. Parte II).
18
Diamante, smiraldo e zafino ricorrono nel titolo di un componimento di Giacomo da Lentini;
diaspro, zaffiro, calcedonio, smeraldo, sarda, berillo, topazio, giacinto e ametista, insieme a crisolito e crisopazio che si registrano nei blocchi successivi, sono le dodici gemme che costituiscono le fondamenta delle mura della Gerusalemme celeste nell’Apocalisse di Giovanni, e, poiché
compaiono in un testo biblico, hanno una circolazione molto più precoce e vasta.
19
Si tratta di alabastro, ambra, berillo (che compare nel segmento etimologico della voce brillare, non come lemma autonomo), calamita, corallo, diamante, diaspro, giacinto e iacinto, granato, indico, perla, piropo, pomice, rubino, smeraldo, topazio e zaffiro, alle quali si aggiungono
balascio, smeriglio, spugna e pietra di paragone, che ricorrono nei blocchi successivi: solo 22
forme (di cui una non innalzata a lemma) sul totale delle 183 registrate da Florio.
15
be dedurre una conferma indiretta della «tendenza arcaizzante della Crusca,
di fronte alla modernità di Florio» (Marazzini 1999, 91)20, nel senso che
quest’ultimo ricerca materiali lessicali anche in opere meno consuete della
nostra tradizione. Con riferimento alla strategia compositiva adottata dal lessicografo inglese, per i casi di glosse che presentano un rinvio è abbastanza
verosimile che Florio abbia registrato il lemma cui rimanda prima di effettuare lo spoglio di Bonardo.
B) Voci derivate da Bonardo. È il blocco più corposo dell’intera selezione e
raggruppa le voci che hanno una glossa di tipo perifrastico: il significato
della parola italiana viene reso attraverso il ricorso a costrutti di tipo analitico, che si presentano come repliche totali o parziali della Minera del
mondo. Ecco la lista completa in ordine alfabetico21:
(1) La pietra Asbisto22 essendo scaldata conserva per otto giorni il calore (p. 18b).
(2) L’Agapi è pietra di color giallo, hà virtù
contra le ponture de gli scorpioni, e i morsi
delle vipere, essendo legata alla ferita, e bagnata d’acqua, toglie di subito, e mitiga ’l dolore
(p. 18b).
20
Abisto, a stone which once being heated
keepes his heate eight daies (1598).
Abísto, a stone which being once heated
keepes his heat eight daies (1611).
Agapi, a yellow stone good against the stinging of serpents (1598).
Agápi, a yellow stone that cureth the stinging
of Serpents (1611).
L’opposizione arcaico∼moderno applicata al Vocabolario della Crusca e al Florio ha valore
all’interno della lessicografia storica italiana; al di fuori di questo contesto, un confronto tra le due
opere non avrebbe ragion d’essere. Le differenze tra i due dizionari si spiegano di fatto con una
divergenza di intenti, intrinseca alla struttura stessa delle opere: Florio è un dizionario bilingue,
inteso come strumento adatto a consentire agli inglesi la lettura dei testi italiani in lingua originale
(cfr. anche Introduzione); il Vocabolario della Crusca è un dizionario storico-normativo che
«concede pochissima attenzione alla lingua parlata e registra quasi esclusivamente le parole usate
dai migliori scrittori fiorentini del Trecento, o da autori non fiorentini ma seguaci dell’uso fiorentino, fornendo così ai nuovi autori che lo consultino o lo prendano a guida una lingua accuratamente scelta, non più tutta corrente, una lingua insomma già ‘classica’» (così riferisce Mirella
Sessa nella Nota al progetto del Rovesciamento del Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca,
consultabile al sito: http://vocabolario.signum.sns.it/_s_index2.html). Naturalmente il Vocabolario della Crusca esercita sulla lessicografia italiana contemporanea e successiva un impatto di
portata enormemente più ampia rispetto al Florio.
21
Nella colonna di destra si riportano i segmenti della Minera, in quella di sinistra le definizioni di Florio. Per il testo di Bonardo si mantengono le scelte grafiche, paragrafematiche e sovrasegmentali degli originali, con queste uniche eccezioni: si distinguono u e v, si sciolgono (tra parentesi tonde) i compendi di nasale, & (= e o et), ß (= ss), le lettere “a” e “b” affiancate al numero
di pagina indicano rispettivamente il verso e il recto della stampa; per i criteri di trascrizione del
Florio cfr. Parte II. Nei casi in cui il testo di Bonardo non è ripreso integralmente dalla definizione
floriana, i segmenti comuni sono sottolineati; l’assenza di sottolineatura indica, al contrario, congruenza totale tra replica e modello.
22
Probabile refuso per abisto: si tratta della prima pietra ad essere descritta e precede afrodisiaca e agapi.
16
(3) La pietra Amanchitide de i negromanti
convocano l’imagini de gli spiriti con essa (p.
19a).
(4) L’Amandio è pietra di varij colori, questa
estingue il veleno, fà vittorioso, chi la porta, e
insegna à interpretar i sogni, gl’enigmi, e scioglier varie questioni (p. 19a).
(5) La pietra Anacithido è pietra de’ negromanti, percioche ha virtù di constringere e demonij, e gli spiriti (p. 20a).
(6) La pietra Antifate è nera, e traluce, (et) è
buona contra il mal d’occhi (p. 20a).
(7) La pietra Antratitide23 è simile à carboni
accesi, questa gettata nel fuoco quasi si spinge,
(et) all’incontro gettavi acqua sopra si accende
(p. 20a).
(8) La pietra Aridromada è quadrata simile à
un gran dado, questa doma l’empito, e l’ira
dell’huomo (p. 20a).
(9) La pietra Asbesto accesa una volta, arde
poi sempre, e mai più non si può ammorzare:
nasce nell’Arcadia, e chiamasi anchora piuma
di Salamandra (p. 20a).
(10) La pietra Astrapia hà nel bianco, ò nel
verde raggi di folgore, che discorrono per lei
(p. 20a).
(11) La gemma Astrio, che nasce in India, e
ne’ lidi di Pallene appressasi al cristallo, e dentro procede dal suo centro una stella, che riluce
in forma di luna piena, e opposta alle stelle rapisce la luce di quelle, poi la rende in dentro
(pp. 20a-b).
(12) L’Astroide, (et) l’Atrochite poste sopra
Amanchitide, a stone that coniurers vse to
coniure vp infernall spirits (1598).
Amanchítide, a stone vsed to coniure vp spirites (1611).
Amandio, a stone of diuers colours good
against poison, which maketh him victorious
that weares it about him, and teacheth to interprete dreames or riddles (1598).
Amandío, a stone of diuers colours, good
against poison, which maketh him victorious
that weares it about him, and teacheth to interpret dreames, or riddles (1611).
Ananchitido, as Amanchitide (1598).
Anacíthide, as Amanchítide (1611).
Amanchitide, a stone that coniurers vse to
coniure vp infernall spirits (1598).
Amanchítide, a stone vsed to coniure vp spirites (1611).
Antifate, a kinde of blacke stone (1598).
Antifáte, a kind of blacke stone (1611).
Antracitide, a precious stone wherein seeme to
be sparkes of fire, cast water on it, it kindleth, put in the fire and it quencheth (1598).
Antracítide, a stone wherein seeme to be
sparkes of fire, cast water on it, it kindleth,
put it in the fire, it quencheth. Also a kind of
blacke bloodstone (1611).
Aridromada, a pretious stone growing square
like a dye (1598).
Aridromáda, a precious stone square as a dye
(1611).
Asbesto, a stone in Arcadia, which once kindled will neuer be quenched againe (1598).
Asbesto, a stone which once kindled will neuer
be quenched againe (1611).
Astrapia, a kinde of whitish, and greenish
stone (1598).
Astrápia, a whitish and greenish stone from
which seem to shoot raies of lightning
(1611).
Astrio, a precious stone in India with a shining
star in the centre or midst of it (1598).
Àstrio, a stone with a star in it (1611).
Astroide, a stone which being laide vpon mar-
23
Anche questo può essere un refuso: nei primi due paragrafi che Bonardo dedica alla pietra
(non riportati perché non ripresi in alcun modo da Florio) ricorre la forma antracitide.
17
un marmo bagnato con succo di cedro, ò aceto,
l’una si muove per dritto, è l’altra a saltoni, hor
quà, hor là, e la pietra serpentina nuota
nell’acqua (p. 20b).
(13) La pietra Avoltoio, e cosi detta
dall’augello del suo nome, perche tagliandoglisi all’improviso il capo si trova nel cervello,
quei, che la portano rende sani [...] (p. 20b).
(14) La pietra Caconite hà virtù di fare, chi
con le mani la tocca, vincitore nelle battaglie, e
resiste all’arte magica se di lei si piglia un
scropolo, questa si trova in Corsica (p. 21a).
(15) La pietra Calorite, la qual è di color verde, vale all’arte magica legata nel ferro in uno
anello (p. 21b).
(16) La pietra Catochite ponendovisi sù la
mano, la ritiene, come se fosse gomma (p.
21b).
(17) La pietra Cepite, ò Cepocapite rigetta la
imagine del candore, e i nodi, e le vene insieme (p. 21b).
(18) La pietra Charabe, e di color di Cristallo,
con fosca bianchezza, ha virtù di far l’huomo
eloquente, (et) allegro, gli dà honori, lo fà amabile, lo difende da casi noceuoli, e guarisce
l’idropisia (p. 22a).
(19) La pietra Chemele simile all’avorio conserva i corpi, e non li consuma, in questa fù
sepelito Dario Rè di Persia, questa è di durezza
simile al marmo (p. 22b).
La pietra Chemite conserva lungo tempo i corpi de’ morti che no(n) si possono putrefare, ne
sono ma(n)giati da i vermi (p. 22b).
ble wet with vineger or iuice of limons doth
stirre and creepe away (1598).
Astróide, a stone which laid vpon marble wet
with vineger doth stir and creepe away
(1611).
Atrochite, as Astroide (1598).
Atrochíte, as Astroíde24 (1611).
Serpentina, [...] a kind of stone (1598).
Avoltóio, Avoltóre, [...] a precious stone found
in a vulturs head (1598).
Caconite, a precious stone that makes him conquerour that hath it about him (1598).
Caconíte, a precious stone, that makes him
conquerour that hath it about him (1611).
Calorite, a greene stone which set in iron and
worne about one, is good against magick
and charmes (1598).
Caloríte, a greene stone which set in iron and
worne about one is good against Magike
and Charmes (1611).
Catochite, a stone so clammie that it will stick
to his hands that doth but touch it (1598).
Catochíte, a stone so clammie that it stickes to
his hands that doth but touch it (1611).
Cepocapite, or Cepite, a stone that doth reiect
all whitenes (1598).
Cepocápite, a stone that doth reiect all whitenesse (1611).
Cépite, as Cepocápite (1611).
Charate, a precious stone like chrystall, good
against the dropsie, and maskes him eloquent and well spoken that weares it about
him (1598).
Chemele, Chemite, a kinde of stone like iuorie,
as hard as marble, the bodies buried in them
are neuer consumed. It is sayd that Darius
king of Persia was buried in a tombe made
of such stones (1598).
Cheméle, a stone like Iuorie, as hard as marble, the bodies buried in them are neuer consumed, it is said that the bodie of Darius
King of Persia was buried in a tombe of
such stones (1611).
Chemíte, as Cheméle (1611).
24
La differenza d’accentazione rilevata tra questa forma, presente in un rinvio, e quella del
lemma nell’edizione del 1611 potrebbe giustificarsi come azione analogica su astroide.
18
(20) La pietra Chene si genera ne gli occhi de’
cervi, la cui virtù e contra i veleni (p. 22b).
(21) La pietra Chinoceto, hà virtù di scacciare
i demonij (p. 22b).
(22) La pietra detta Corno d’Hammone è tra
le sacratissime ge(m)me d’Ethiopia hà colore,
e forma di corno di montone, questa promette
che l’indovinationi saranno vere (p. 22b).
(23) Con la pietra Crisocomo si prova l’oro, se
è buono (p. 23a).
(24) La pietra Crisolampo nella luce è oscura,
e nelle tenebre luce, di notte è infocata, e di
giorno e palida (p. 23a).
(25) La pietra Crisoletro è di color d’oro, questa tira a se l’ambra, (et) il mattino è più bella
da vedere, e se ’l fuoco è posto appre(ss)o lei,
facilmente si aventa, legata, e portata in uno
anello nella man manca scaccia i demonij, le
paure della notte, e le visioni malinconiche [...]
(p. 23a).
(26) La pietra Dafnia, (et) Orcastre (secondo
Zoroastro) e buona, (et) utile al morbo caduco
(p. 23a).
(27) La pietra Demonio, e di due colori, che e
detto Iri prende il nome dalla somiglianza di
essa Iri, che e detto arco demone: portata scaccia via le febri, e i veleni, e fà sicuro, e vittorioso da’ nemici (p. 23a).
(28) Sotterrandosi la pietra Dendritide sotto
l’albero, che si taglia, il taglio della scure non
si guasta (p. 23a).
Chene, a kinde of stone found in the eye of an
old Hart, good against poison (1598).
Chéne, a stone found in the eye of an old Hart,
good against poison (1611).
Chinoceto, a precious stone good to expell
euill spirits (1598).
Chinocéto, a precious stone good to expell
euill spirits (1611).
Corno d’homone, one of the most precious
stones or gems in Ethiopia, in forme like a
rams horne (1598).
Córno di hammóne, one of the most pretious
stones or gems in Ethiopia, in forme of a
Rams horne, called Hamons horne (1611).
Crisocomo, a kinde of stone to trie the goodnes
of gold (1598).
Crisocómo, a kinde of stone to try the goodnesse of gold (1611).
Crisolampo, a precious stone darke and pale
by day, cleere and fierie by night (1598).
Crisolámpo, a precious stone darke and pale
by day, cleare and fierie by night (1611).
Crisoletro, a precious stone that drawes amber
vnto it: if it come in sight of fire it will flie
into it (1598).
Crisolétro, a precious stone that drawes Amber
vnto it, which commings in sight of fire it
will flie into it (1611).
Dafnia, a precious stone good against the falling sicknes (1598).
Dáfnia, a stone good for the falling sicknesse
(1611).
Orcaste, a precious stone, good against the
falling sicknes (1598).
Orcáste, a precious stone, good against the
failing sicknesse (1611).
Demónio, a diuell or euill spirit. Also a kind of
pretious stone of seuerall colours like the
rainebow (1598).
Demónio, ademon, a diuell, an euill spirit.
Also knowledge. Also a precious stone of
seuerall colours like the rainebow. Also a
signe in heauen (1611).
Dendritide, a kind of precious stone which put
to the roote of a tree, the axe that cuts it cannot be dulled (1598).
Dendrítide, a stone which put to the root of a
tree the axe that attempts cuts it turnes and
waxeth blunt (1611).
19
(29) La pietra Diadocos è simile al Berillo, è si
pura, è di tanta bellezza, e nettezza, che non
può sopportare la impurità, ne la bruttezza del
corpo morto (p. 23b).
(30) La pietra Dorialtide si trova nella testa
d’un’animale detto Mucilago: alcuni vogliono,
che si cavi dalla testa d’un gallo, questa hà virtù di far, che l’huomo ottenga il fine d’ogni suo
desiderio (p. 24a).
(31) La pietra Draconite, overo Deacrite, ò
Draconico, ò Chimedio vespertino, la qual si
cava dalla testa d’un dragone, hà virtù grande
in iscacciar ogni veleno, e massimamente di
serpenti, e fà chi portala invito, (et) audace (p.
24a).
(32) Effestide pietra, over Effestite hà la natura dello specchio nel render l’imagini, trovasi
in Corinto. S’ella vien posta in acqua, diventa
tepida, e posta al Sole acende il fuoco in materia atta à riceverlo (p. 24a).
(33) La pietra Enai è candida, e leggera, ma
mossa si, diguazza dentro, come fa un’uovo (p.
24b).
(34) La pietra Filaterio scaccia i terrori, e le
passioni malenconiche, induce allegrezza, conforta le parti spiritali, e fà costumato, chi la
porta (p. 24b).
(35) La pietra Flegonite par che arda dentro
con fiamma, che non esce fuori (p. 24b).
(36) La pietra Galatite, ò Leucogagea, o Leucografia, ò Siniphite è notabile per lo suo succo, e per lo suo sapor di latte, fà copia di latte
20
Diadocos, a precious stone, so pure and so
vnspotted that it can abide no vncleannes or
corruption neere it (1598).
Diadóco, a stone so pure and vnspotted that it
can abide no vncleannesse neere it (1611).
Dorialtide, a precious stone founde in a cockes
head: some others say it is found in another
beasts head (1598).
Doriáltide, a stone found in a Cockes head,
others say in another beasts head (1611).
Draconite, Draconio, a stone taken out of a
dragons head, good against poison (1598).
Draconíte, a stone taken out of a Dragons
head, good against poison (1611).
Deacrite, as Draconite (1598).
Deacríte, as Draconíte (1611).
Dracónio, as Draconíte (1611).
Chimedio vespertino, as Draconite (1598).
Chimédio vespertíno, as Draconíte (1611).
Effestide, Effestite, stone sound in Corinth,
that as a looking glasse will reflect any image; if it be put in cold water it will presently
heate it, lay it before the sun, and it will
presently set any matter a fier, that is able to
receiue it (1598).
Effestide, or Effestite, a stone found in Corinth
that as a looking-glasse will reflect anyimage, being put in colde water it will presently heate it, being set before the Sunne it
will presently set any matter a fire that is
able to receiue it (1611).
Enai, a fine white stone which being shaken
will seeme to haue something moouing in it,
as it were a rotten or addle egge (1598).
Enái, a fine white stone which being shaken
will seeme to haue something moouing in it
as it were a rotten or adle egge (1611).
Filaterio, a precious stone which worne about
one comforteth the spirits, and driueth all
melancholie away (1598).
Filaterio, a precious stone which worne about
one comforteth the spirits and expelleth melancholy (1611).
Flegonite, a stone which being put in water
seemeth to burne with a great flame (1598).
Flegónite, a stone which put in water seemeth
to burne with a great flame (1611).
Galatite, a precious stone of a white milky colour, good to make a woman that giues sucke
to haue store of milke. The stone put in ones
alle nutrici, (et) appicata al collo a i bambini fà
saliva, che si disfà in bocca, questa ancho leva
la memoria tenuta in bocca, (et) ha color di latte, trovasi nel Nilo, fà intendere le magiche
scritture, (et) à l’ombre scongiurate fà render le
risposte [...] (p. 25a).
(37) La Garamatica è simile allo smeraldo hà
per traverso una bianca linea, qual vale molto
all’arte magica (p. 25a).
(38) La pietra Garof stagna il sangue ancho
delle piaghe, è si trova nella Giava in alcuni
animaletti, che hanno l’istessa virtù (p. 25a).
(39) La pietra Gasidane vien da Media, è di
color di cigno, quasi sparsa di fiori, nasce anco
ne gli alberi, questa ingravida, e percossa dimostra haver il parto in se, e dicono che concipe in ispatio di tre mesi (p. 25b).
(40) La pietra Gloso è simile alla lingua humana, questa quando scema la luna, cade dal cielo, è perfetta nell’arte magica, e con essa si
fanno eccitar i morti lunari, è fà fermar i venti
(p. 25b).
(41) Lo Grobio e lo stesso, che il corallo, hà
preso il nome dalle sue virtù, che e di formar i
fulmini (26a).
(42) La pietra Hamone e di color d’oro, questa
è annoverata tra le più rare gemme, hà la forma
di un corno di montone trovasi nell’Ethiopia,
quando alcuno stà in contemplatione, gli fà rapresentar nella mente tutte le cose divine (p.
26a).
(43) La pietra Helitropio nasce in Ethiopia, in
Africa, (et) in Cipro, riceve il Sole, come lo
specchio, e vedevisi dentro, quando il sole ecclissa, dicono i magi, che mescolata questa pietra con l’herba Elitropio, e portata addosso con
certi incanti fa, chi la porta, non e veduto [...]
(p. 26a).
mouth doth seeme to taste of milke (1598).
Galatíte, a precious stone of a milkie colour
with some red veines in it, very good to make
a woman that giues sucke to haue store of
milke, the stone put in ones mouth seemeth
to taste of milke (1611).
Leucopetra, Leucogagea, Leucografia, as Galatite (1598).
Leucopetra, as Galátite (1611).
Leucogagea, as Galátite (1611).
Leucografia, as Galátite (1611).
Garamatica, a precious stone like an emerauld,
but hath a white line athwart it (1598).
Garamática, a precious stone like an Emerauld, with a white line athwart it [...]
(1611).
Garof, a stone that stancheth blood, therefore
it is called a blood-stone (1598).
Garóf, a blood-stone, that stancheth bleeding
(1611).
Gasidane, a precious stone which is saide
euery three moneths to bring foorth yong
ones as other liuing creatures do (1598).
Gasidáne, a precious stone which as some
write, doth euery three monthes bring foorth
yongue ones as other liuing creatures doe
(1611).
Gloso, a precious stone in forme like a mans
toong which fals from heauen when the
moone is in the wane (1598).
Glóso, a precious stone in forme of a mans
tongue, which falles from heauen when the
Moone is in the wane (1611).
Grobio, a kinde of precious stone like corall
(1598).
Gróbio, a precious stone like Corall (1611).
Hamone, a kinde of precious stone of the colour of gold (1598).
Hamóne, as Hammónio córno (1611).
Hammónio córno, a most precious and sacred
stone called Hammons horne, it is of the colour of gold, and is found in Aethiopia
(1611).
Helitropio, a precious stone, which as a burning glasse receiueth the sunne (1598).
Helitrópio, [...] a precious stone, which as a
burning glasse receiueth the Sunne (1611).
21
(44) La Gemma Hiena è d’occhio d’Hiena, chi
tien questa sotto la lingua indovina le cose future, (et) è di molti colori (p. 26b).
(45) La pietra Hieria, e di color livido, (et) è
utile al morbo caduco (p. 26b).
(46) In America è la pietra Iada, la quale
s’assimiglia alla madre dello smeraldo, rompe
con occulta virtù tenendola nelle mani (p. 26b).
(47) L’Ifidrino, caccia i vermi velenosi, (et) è
rimedio à morsi loro, spezza le pietre dalla vesica essendo preso per bocca (p. 26b).
(48) La pietra Ignite è di color di vetro, legata
al fronte ristagna il flusso del sangue, (et) ancho spe(n)ge i gran fuochi, e gli incendij (p.
26b).
(49) Nella Libia nasce una pietra detta Impercol, che ha questa proprietà, che se si mette
avanti à i cani, (et) à i cacciatori non possono
nuocer ad alcuno animale [...] (pp. 26b-27a).
(50) La pietra Indica hà il nome dalla gente, è
di color rossigno, stropicciandosi getta sudor
purpureo (p. 26b).
(51) La pietra Ingranella, nelle rene, e nella
vesica (p. 26b).
(52) La gemma Ione, cosi chiamata dalle viole,
hà splendor di grana, riscaldata, ò dal Sole, ò
per e(ss)er stropicciata con le dita, tira à se la
paglia, e le fila della carta (p. 27a).
(53) In Spagna sono pietre dette Istmos di color di zafarano, che per la lor ventosità si possono filare, e se di questa farai una veste, e la
metterai nel foco, non si consuma, anzi vien
più bella (p. 27a).
(54) La pietra Lignite è del color del vetro, chi
Hiéna, [...] a kind of pretious stone taken out of
the Hienas head (1598).
Hiena, [...] a precious stone taken out of the
Hienas head [...] (1611).
Hieria, a kinde of pretious stone good against
the falling sicknes (1598).
Hieria, a kind of precious stone good against
the falling sicknesse (1611).
Iada, a kinde of precious stone like an emerauld (1598).
Iáda, a kind of greene precious stone (1611).
Ifidrino, a precious stone good against the
stone in the bladder (1598).
Ifidríno, a precious stone good against the
stone in the bladder (1611).
Ignite, a precious stone of the colour of glasse
(1598).
Igníte, a precious stone like glasse (1611).
Impercolla, a precious stone (1598).
Indica, a kinde of pretious stone in India, of
reddish colour; which being rubbed
sweateth purple drops (1598).
Índica, an Indian precious stone of a reddish
colour, which being rubbed, sweateth purple
drops (1611).
Ingranella, the stone that breedeth in a mans
bladder, or kidneis (1598).
Ingranelle, grauell or little stones in the bladder or kidneies (1611).
Ione, [...] a precious stone of the colour of that
floure, which rubbed, drawes paper and
strawe to it (1598).
Ióne, [...] a precious stone of the colour of a
March-violet, which being rubbed drawes
paper and straw vnto it (1611).
Istmos25, a stone of the colour of saffron,
which is so soft, that it may be spunne, and
no fier will consume it (1598).
Istmós, a stone of the colour of saffron, which
is so soft that it may be spunne, and no fire
can consume it (1611).
Lignite, a kinde of precious stone of the colour
25
Come in altre occasioni (hermoso, hazienda ecc.), anche in questo caso Florio mantiene la
veste spagnoleggiante dell’entrata.
22
la porta attaccata al collo guarda da strigherie,
ligata alla fronte stagna il flusso del sangue [...]
(p. 27a).
(55) La pietra Ligurio tira à se la paglia, placa
il dolor dello stomaco, stagna il flusso del sangue, e aguzza la vista (p. 27a).
(56) La pietra Lipare, ò Liparia tira à se ogni
animale, quasi mo(ss)o da natura, in modo che
à prender gli animali salvatichi, chi hà questa
pietra, non ha mestierio d’altro ingegno, e ’l
suo profumo convoca tutte le bestie, questa si
trova in Africa [...] (p. 27b).
(57) La pietra Melite pesta, e posta in acqua
rende sapor di mele (p. 27b).
(58) La pietra Mirite fregata con panne rende
odor di nardo con molta soavità (p. 27b).
(59) La pietra Mitrace è di color di rose, ma
tocca dal sole risplende per colori varij (p.
28a).
(60) La pietra Orfano luce all’oscuro, è amata
da gli Imperadori, percioche conserva i reali
honori (p. 28a).
(61) La pietra Pantide è chiamata gravida, e
per quanto se ne dice impregna, e partorisce,
(et) è utile alle donne sopra parto (p. 28b).
(62) La pietra Pavonio data nel bere con un
poco di sudore costringe in incendio d’amore
colui, à chi è data, per cagione di chi la diede
(p. 28b).
(63) La pietra Pontica è palida, ma lucidissima, in virtù di questa pietra si parla co’ demonij, (et) ancho si scacciano, ò si costringono a
of glasse (1598).
Ligníte, a precious stone of a glasse-colour
(1611).
Ligurio, a precious stone that stancheth the
bloodie flix, and drawes strawe vnto it
(1598).
Ligúrioso, a precious stone that stancheth the
bloudy-flix, and draweth strawes (1611).
Lipare, Liparia, a stone which hath the propertie to draw all wilde beasts vnto it (1598).
Lipáre, a stone that hath the propertie to draw
all wilde beastes vnto it. It is very vnctious
and yeeldeth a strong perfume (1611).
Lipária, as Lipáre (1611).
Melite, a kinde of yellow stone, which broken
and put in water yeeldeth the sauour of honie (1598).
Melíte, a yellow stone, which broken and put
into water smelleth of honie (1611).
Mirite, a kinde of yellow precious stone, which
rubbed with woollen cloth, yeeldeth a sweet
smell (1598).
Miríte, a yellow precious stone, which rubbed
with woollen cloth yeelds a sweet smell
(1611).
Mitrace, a stone of the colour of damaske
roses, which laide in the sun, shineth of
diuers colours (1598).
Mitráce, a stone of the colour of Damaske
roses, which laid in the Sunne, shineth of
diuers colours (1611).
Orfano, [...] a precious stone that glisters in
the darke (1598).
Órfano, [...] a stone that glisters in the darke
(1611).
Pantide, a stone of some called Graida, for
they saie it bringeth foorth yoong ones euery
three moneths (1598).
Pántide, a kinde of stone called also Graida,
for they say, it bringeth forth yong ones
euery three moneths (1611).
Pavonio, a kind of stone which drunke with a
little sweate prouoketh loue and liking of
him that gaue it (1598).
Pavónio, a kind of stone which drunke in wine,
and then sweating a little prouoketh loue
and likeing of him that gaue it (1611).
Pontica, a kinde of pale but verie bright glutering stone (1598).
Póntica, a pale but glittering stone (1611).
23
dar risposta (p. 29b).
(64) La pietra Prassina, chiamata volgarmente
Plasma, perde subito la sua lucidezza quando
si porta alla presenza di qualsi voglia veleno
(p. 29b).
(65) Con la pietra Quirino, ò Quero si fan delle stregherie, (et) inganni, si trova nel nido
dell’Upupa, essendo posta su’l petto di chi dorme, lo costringe à rivelar i suoi misfatti (p.
29b).
(66) La pietra Radiano è pietra nera tralucente
trovasi nella testa d’un gallo, alcuni dicono nel
capo d’un gatto marino, tagliato, e messo subito, dove le formiche sono, acciò che li mangino
la carne [...] (p. 29b).
(67) La pietra Salio portata nella man manca
giova à stagnar le lagrime, che per lungo tempo scendono da gli occhi, con questa gl’artefici
poliscono l’oro (p. 29b).
(68) La pietra Scirio mentre è intiera non và
sotto l’acqua, spezzata và subito al fondo, e
questo avviene per la leggierezza dell’aria, che
la sostiene, ma come è spezzta, l’aria ne esce, e
cosi va al fondo (p. 30a).
(69) La gemma Selinite in su ’l bianco riluce
con splendor giallo, questa contiene in se
l’imagine della luna, la qual cosi cresce, e
scemma in quella gemma, come la luna in Cielo. Portata al collo è buona per le malie, e appiccata agli alberi augumenta loro far frutto,
nasce appresso l’Eufrate26, e possente a far, che
due amanti si rapacifichino insieme, giova a
tisici, e quando la luna scema, dimostra mirabil
effetti [...] (p. 30a).
26
27
24
Prassina, a kinde of precious stone, which if it
be where any poison is, will glitter with
sparkes like fier (1598).
Prassína, a precious stone which placed neere
poison will glitter with sparkes like fire
(1611).
Plasma, [...] as Prassina (1598).
Plásma, [...] as Prássina (1611).
Quirino, a precious stone found in the hoopes
nest, which laide vpon a mans breast that
sleepeth, it will make him tel what he hath
done (1598).
Quiríno, [...] a precious stone found in the
Hoopes nest, which laid vpon a mans breast
that sleepeth, it will make him tell what he
hath done (1611).
Quero, as Quirino (1598).
Quéro, as Quiríno (1611).
Radiano, a bright black stone found in a cocks
head (1598).
Radiáno, a bright blacke stone found in an old
Cockes-head (1611).
Salio, a kinde of stone that goldsmiths vse to
burnish gold with. It is good against sore
and running eyes but touching them (1598).
Sálio, a burnishing stone. It is good against
sore or running eyes but touching them
(1611).
Scirio, a kinde of stone, which being whole
swimmeth vpon the water, and broken sinketh downe (1598).
Scírio, a kind of stone which being whol swimmeth vpon the water, and broken sinketh
downe (1611).
Sclinite27, a precious stone which vpon white
shineth yellowe, and hath the image of the
moone in it, which encreaseth and waneth as
the moone in the firmament (1598).
Scliníte, a precious stone which vpon white
shineth yellow, and hath the image of the
Moone in it, which encreaseth and waneth
as the Moone in the firmament (1611).
Enfrate nell’originale.
Probabile refuso di Florio che registra anche la voce selenite (→).
(70) La pietra Siderite è della figura del ferro,
questa è malefica, perche dovunque è portata,
semina discordia (p. 30b).
(71) Con la pietra Sinochitide i negromanti le
convocate ombre infernali ritengono (p. 30b).
(72) La pietra Thirsite è simile al corallo presa
nel bere genera il sonno (p. 30b).
(73) La pietra Trachinia s’accende con
l’acqua, e si spegne con l’oglio (p. 31a).
(74) La pietra Ziazaa fà l’huomo, che la porta
litigioso, e veder nel sonno cose terribili (p.
31b).
(75) La pietra Zirite posta al collo stagna il
sangue, e lo stupor della morte (p. 31b).
(76) La pietra Zoronisio trovasi nel fiume Indio, (et) è molto adoperata da i maghi, perche è
profittevole nell’arte loro (p. 31b).
Siderite, [...] a kinde of precious stone hauing
power to cause variance betwixt men (1598).
Sideríte, [...] a precious stone that hath the
power to cause variance betwixt men that
baue it about them. Also vsed for the Magnet
or Loade-stone (1611).
Sinochitide, a kinde of stone that sorcerers vse
much to call vp ghosts (1598).
Sinochítide, a stone by vertue whereof spirits
once raised may be kept aboue still (1611).
Thirsite, a stone like vnto corall, which vsed in
drinke procureth sleepe (1598).
Thirsíte, a stone like vnto Corall, which vsed in
drinke procureth sleepe (1611).
Trachinia, a stone that is kindled with water
and quenched with oyle (1598).
Trachínia, a stone that is kindled with water,
and quenched with oyle (1611).
Ziazaa, a kinde of stone, which will make him
that hath it see strange visions in his sleepe
(1598).
Ziazáa, a kind of stone which will make him
that hath it see strange visions in his sleepe
(1611).
Zirite, a stone which worne about ones necke
stancheth blood (1598).
Zirite, a stone which worne about ones necke
stancheth blood (1611).
Zoronosio, a kinde of stone found in India,
much vsed of sorcerers (1598).
Zoronísio, a stone called the Magitians gem
(1611).
Escludendo i casi di congruenza totale tra un’edizione e l’altra, l’analisi incrociata delle voci presenti in entrambe le edizioni del dizionario evidenzia una
maggiore dipendenza di Florio da Bonardo nella prima edizione: emblematici
charate (18) e impercolla (49) registrati, con adattamento nella terminazione,
nel 1598 e non presenti nella stampa successiva. Altri esempi significativi sono
il (5), il (29), il (51) e il (55), in cui si rileva una differenza formale nelle entrate
delle due edizioni: i lemmi del 1598 coincidono con le forme di Bonardo. Situazioni di questo tipo consentono di scorgere anche una certa stratigrafia nelle registrazioni floriane: la prima fonte ad essere spogliata è Bonardo, di seguito le
altre. L’ingresso di nuove fonti nella seconda edizione e la conseguente possibilità di confronto, oltre a un’eventuale modifica nella veste esterna del lemma,
comporta: l’ingresso di nuove forme – cfr. hammonio corno in (42) e ligurioso
25
in (55) –, l’ingresso di nuovi significati, anche sinonimici – cfr. es. (7) e (70)28 –
o la ristrutturazione di quelli vecchi – serpentina (12) e avoltoio (13) compaiono nel 1611 ma hanno perso l’accezione di ‘pietra’.
Un caso particolare è rappresentato da prassina (64), in cui la corrispondenza
tra testo sorgente e testo tradotto è solo apparente; un’analisi più approfondita
dimostra che le informazioni veicolate da modello e replica sono in realtà antitetiche: Bonardo descrive una pietra che perde lucidezza in presenza di veleni;
Florio, al contrario, utilizza l’espressione will glitter with sparkes like fire, letteralmente ‘splenderà con scintille come il fuoco’. L’occorrenza di glitter insieme
al paragone con il fuoco, assente nella definizione di Bonardo, potrebbe risalire
ad altre opere impiegate da Florio29 (l’esempio rientrerebbe pertanto nel gruppo
F); viceversa, può darsi che il lessicografo abbia semplicemente frainteso il suo
testo d’origine e di conseguenza abbia utilizzato glitter in modo inappropriato30.
Tra le altre fonti di Florio la forma prassina ricorre anche nei Discorsi di Mattioli31, citati sia nel 1598 sia nel 1611: «Altri dicono per cosa vera, che la pietra
pra(ss)ina, chiamata volgarmente Plasma, perde subito la sua lucidezza, quando
si porta alla presenza di qual si voglia veleno» (Libro sesto, p. 681).
L’equivalenza tra il segmento di Bonardo e quello di Mattioli è totale (con il
primo che attinge dal secondo) e vanifica il tentativo di individuare l’ascendente
floriano diretto: si potrebbe trattare indifferentemente dell’opera di un autore o
dell’altro. Tuttavia, la dipendenza di Florio dal brano qui analizzato sembrerebbe garantita, oltre che dalle congruenze testuali (semantica di glitter a parte),
anche dal mantenimento della sinonimia tra prassina e plasma, riprodotto nel
dizionario con una glossa a rinvio (cfr. anche gli ess. 31 e 80). La forma prassina, non rinvenuta nei dizionari storici italiani32, deriverebbe pertanto dal testo di
28
Nell’es. (70) più che di un nuovo significato si tratta di forme equivalenti al lemma definite
dal primo segmento della glossa. Casi simili sono una testimonianza dell’arricchimento che il lessico inglese conosce in questo periodo (cfr. Introduzione): nell’edizione del 1611 i traducenti inglesi dei lemmi italiani sono molto più numerosi rispetto a quella del 1598.
29
Il corrispondente inglese della Minera del Mondo è A greene forest di John Maplet, pubblicato a Londra nel 1567 e sicuramente più celebre dell’opera di Bonardo nell’Inghilterra elisabettiana
(riferimenti in Rossi 2007, 68). Non va escluso che per la definizione inglese di termini “esotici”
Florio sia ricorso a Maplet; tuttavia, in assenza di riscontri testuali, da accertare in altra occasione,
non si può provare un legame diretto tra le due opere.
30
Il controllo di glitter sull’OED per un’eventuale valenza di “perdita di lucentezza” ha dato
esito negativo.
31
Si cita dall’edizione del 1557: I discorsi di M. Pietro Andrea Matthioli medico sanense, nei
sei libri della materia medicinale di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo. Con i veri ritratti delle piante et de gli animali, nuovamente aggiunti dal medesimo, in Vinegia, nella bottega d’Erasmo, appresso Vincenzo Valgrisi, et Baldassar Costantini. Cfr. anche n. 12.
32
Non ricorre nel GDLI, mentre il VLI, s.v. prasma (mod. plasma ‘varietà di calcedonio’), attesta prasina come “forma intermedia” di prasma, sottint. gemma. La funzione aggettivale del termine è attestata anche dal corpus TLIO, che riporta un’occorrenza al maschile: «Èvi una gemma,
Sada, che ssi truova / in Caldeia, ed ha color prassino» (Intelligenza 44.1-2). Al di là delle informazioni relative alla storia della parola e/o del suo significato, la specificazione fornita da VLI
assume particolare importanza con riferimento alla funzione grammaticale del lemma. In Florio e
26
Mattioli/Bonardo e il paragone con le scintille del fuoco si giustificherebbe come rielaborazione autonoma del modello, in questo caso specifico come glossa
esplicativa di glitter.
C) Voci formalmente equivalenti a quelle di Bonardo con glossa generica.
Sono i casi in cui la definizione è limitata alle locuzioni a stone, a kind of
stone, a kind of precious stone, ed è troppo generica per essere attribuita ad
una fonte precisa. Rientrano in questo gruppo: balasso (s.v. balascio →),
ethice (→), garatide (→), gatromeo (→), geniana (→), gerade (→), gorgonia (→), gramatia (→), linfico (→), naxia (→), ombria (s.v. brontia →)
e pentaura (→). Analogamente a quanto appena affermato per alcuni esempi del gruppo B, anche in questo blocco è possibile individuare modifiche tra la prima e la seconda edizione. Si considerino i seguenti casi:
(77) La pietra Gorgonia mitiga sempre le
tempeste marine, e fà resistenza à i folgori, (et) al vento Tifone (pp. 25b-26a).
Gorgonia, a kinde of precious stone
(1598).
Gorgónia, a kind of stone or corall (1611).
(78) La gemma Gramatia è utile à quei,
che parlano nelle aringhe (p. 26a).
Grammatia, a kinde of precious stone
(1598).
Gramátia, a kind of Iasper-stone, with
white lines in it (1611).
Nei segmenti del 1611 la precisazione dei significati, attestata dalla riscrittura della glossa, deriva con molta probabilità dalla presenza, in questa seconda edizione, di nuovi testi di riferimento.
D) Voci formalmente equivalenti a quelle di Bonardo con glossa a rinvio.
Si tratta dei casi in cui il lemma floriano coincidente con quello di Bonardo
ricorre in voci che invece della definizione presentano il rinvio ad un’altro
lemma. Appartengono a questo gruppo: alettorio (as aletteria →), amianto
(as amiamo →), androdamante e andromada (as andromante →), antenoti
(→ as pederetti/pederite →), brontea (→ as bronia/brontia), chelonia e
chelonitide (as chelonite →), gagate (as gagatronica →), gemma di Venere
(as pederetti/pederite →), hepistite (as hefestite →), iride (as irride →),
leucopetra (as galatite →), marcasita (as marchesita →), menfite (as memfite →)33, tracia (as trachinia →). Analizzando la glossa della forma alla
nelle sue fonti si nota una tendenza (da collegarsi probabilmente a sviluppi in atto nella terminologia scientifica dell’epoca) a impiegare con funzione sostantivale termini che nella tradizione
classica ricorrono come aggettivi. Nel dizionario il meccanismo coinvolgerà in maniera più massiccia la terminologia botanica.
33
Nell’edizione del 1598 memfite e menfite sono entrambe dotate di definizione autonoma,
senza rinvii all’una o all’altra forma.
27
quale si rinvia è possibile riscontrare casi in cui il significato corrisponde a
quello di Bonardo, come nell’esempio seguente:
(79) La pietra Alettorio trovata nelle teste de’
galli, fatta come il christallo con un poco
d’oscurezza, che tende alla chiarezza dell’acqua
è gra(n)de, come una fava, usata da Milone Crotoniese lo facea invitto. Altri dicono, che si trova
nel ventricolo del gallo [...] (p. 19a).
Alettorio, Aletorio, as Aletteria (1598).
Alettório, Aletório, as Alettéria (1611).
Aletteria, a stone in the mawe or gizard of a
cocke about the bignesse of a beane, and in
colour like chrystall (1598).
Alettéria, a stone of the bignesse of a beane
found in the maw of a cocke (1611).
oppure casi in cui è preso da un’altra fonte:
(80) La pietra Gelatide, ò Garatide, chi la
porta, fà amabile piacevole e gratioso, tenuta
in bocca fà, che l’huomo giudica dirittamente,
e ben conosce le diverse opinioni, fà che
l’uomo, sà quello, che altri pensa di lui. Per
conoscer questa pietra si unge di mele un corpo humano, e si pone, dove sien molte mosche, e se li pone questa pietra in mano, se
dalle mosche il corpo non sarà offeso, è vera
Garatide (p. 25b).
Gelatíde, a kind of precious stone, as Garatide
(1598).
Gelatíde, as Garatíde (1611).
Garatide, a kind of precious stone (1598).
Garátide, as Garamátide (1611).
Garamantiténo, a precius stone, like a rubie,
or grenet (1611).
In (80) è rispettata solo l’equivalenza tra i sinonimi di Bonardo e Florio; in
quest’ultimo non sembra possibile individuare un minerale preciso, anche
perché la forma garamatide, alla quale si rinvia nel 1611 e dalla quale ci si
aspetterebbe una definizione più puntuale, non compare come lemma;
l’indicazione andrà probabilmente cercata nella voce affine garamantiteno,
che potrebbe prefigurarsi come variante formale di garamatide, in analogia
ad altri casi simili riscontrati nel dizionario34. Dal punto di vista della strategia lessicografica di Florio, l’esempio, collocabile anche nel gruppo C, attesta che la circolarità delle voci e la puntualità dei rinvii all’interno del dizionario sono a volte carenti.
E) Voci equivalenti a quelle di Bonardo nei significati ma non nella forma. È il caso inverso a quello descritto in D: in queste parole la definizione
coincide con quella di Bonardo, ma si rileva una differenza nella veste grafica del lemma35, come si evince dai seguenti esempi:
34
Ad es. alterco e altercageno, voci presenti solo nell’edizione del 1611, glossate entrambe
come «the hearbe henbane»; basalteno «a kind of marble colured and hard as iron», che nella seconda edizione sostituisce la voce basalte «a kind of blacke stone» della prima (→). Tali registrazioni più che a procedimenti analogici del lessicografo, potrebbero forse essere imputate
all’ampliamento del canone nel 1611; in mancanza di confronti testuali certi non è possibile una
scelta definitiva tra le ipotesi concorrenti.
35
Non va escluso che la differenza formale sia dovuta a refusi dell’uno o dell’altro testo (cfr.
nn. 22 e 23). Andrebbe pertanto effettuato un controllo su altri repertori per stabilire in base alla
casistica quale sia la forma corretta.
28
(81) La pietra Afrodisiaca scaldata al fuoco
ritiene il caldo sette dì (p.18b).
(82) La pietra Anfitane hà la virtù della calamita, è più fa crescere l’oro (p. 20a).
Affrodisiace, a stone which once heated
keepes his heate seauen daies (1598).
Affrodisiáce, a stone which once heatea
keepes his heat seuen daies (1611).
Anfitano, a stone of the vertue of the adamant,
but it maketh gold to growe in quantitie
(1598).
Anfitáno, a stone of the vertue of the Adamant, and makes gold to grow in quantity
(1611).
Rientrano in questo gruppo anche: alabandina ∼ alabardina36 (→), bronnia
∼ bronia/brontia (→), calacia ∼ calace (→), chelidonio ∼ chelidonia (→),
emetrene ∼ emetren (→), escontalito ∼ esacolito/esacontalito (→), eumete
∼ eumetre/eumette (→), grisopasso ∼ grisopazzo (→), hematite ∼ hemarite
(→), malchite ∼ malichite (→), mitridate ∼ mithridate (as mitrace→), pancros ∼ pancro37 (→), pantera ∼ pantero (→), pedereti ∼ pederetti/pederite
(→), pietre spugne ∼ pietra spugna (→), sardonice ∼ sardonio (→), theamide ∼ theamede (→), thelito ∼ thelico (→).
F) Voci simili a quelle di Bonardo, ma non esattamente equivalenti nella
traduzione. Si tratta di parole che, nonostante la corrispondenza di forme e
significati, presentano nella glossa elementi che potrebbero ricondurre ad
altre fonti. Ecco l’elenco, con le spie lessicali sottolineate:
(83) Sono alcune gemme dette Ceraunie senza
splendore, ma stando in molle alcuni dì nel nitro,
e nell’aceto concepono una stella, la quale dopò
altri tanti mesi si spenge. Sono queste ceraunie
nere simile à una scure, e con quelle, che son
rotonde, e nere, si vincono combattendo le città,
e l’armate di mare, e si chiamano Betuli [...] (p.
21b-22a).
La pietra Ceraunio cade dalle nuovole, chi la
porta, non si può sommergere, ne esser percosso
dal fulmine, ò d’altro accidente, fà l’huomo nelle
battaglie, e cause vittorioso, e fa che i sogni vengono dolci, e lieti (p. 22a).
Ceraunia, Ceraumo, a kinde of blackish and
blewish stone, which put in vineger and salt
peeter will in time growe to haue a bright glittering star in the center of it, and taken out will
iust in so long time lose it againe. It is said to
fall out of the clouds, and who wears it about
him cannot be drowned. Some haue taken it for
a kinde of glittering pearle (1598).
Ceráunia, a blackish and blewish stóne, which
put in Vineger and saltpeter, wil in time grow
to haue a bright-glittering star in the centre of
it, and taken out will iust in so long time loose
it againe, it is said to fall out of the clouds and
that who weares it about him can not be
drowned, some say it is a kinde of glittering
pearle [...] (1611).
36
La prima parola di ogni coppia è quella di Bonardo, la seconda quella di Florio.
Sia per pancro che per il successivo pantero fonte di Florio sembrerebbe essere Garzoni, che
nel Discorso LVIII (De’ gioilieri) della Piazza universale reca: «Fra le pietre di più colori mescolati si contengono il diaspro, il sardonio [...], il pancro, il silenite, il pantero» (cfr. Bronzini 1996,
I, 625).
37
29
(84) La pietra Cinodie si trova nel cervello del
pesce Cinodie l’aspetto suo nubiloso, ò chiaro
predice quella che abbia ad esser il mare (p.
22b).
(85) La pietra Etite si trova nel nido dell’Aquila,
guarda la donna d’ogni sconciatura, (et) è di due
sorti, maschio, e femina, e senza queste l’Aquila
non partorirebbe, e per questo non partorisce, se
non due alla volta, legata alla coscia sinistra della
donna le facilita il parto (p. 24b).
Cinodie, a kinde of fish, out of which is taken a
stone called Cinodio, that hath the propertie
to be cleere and bright before calme and faire
weather at sea, but if any storme be at hand it
wil looke duskie and cloudie (1598).
Cinódie, a fish out of which is taken a stone
called Cinodio, which hath the propriety to be
cleare an bright before calme and faire
weather at sea, but any storme being at hand
it will looke very duskie and cloudy (1611).
Etite, a stone founde in an eagles nest, of great
vertue to make a woman be deliuered of childe
without paine or labour (1598).
Etíte, a stone found in an Eagles nest of great
vertue to hasten a womans deliuerie of her
child without paine or labour (1611).
(86) Il Lincurio è detto dall’orina del lupo cerviero cavato di sotto terra, perché egli subito,
c’hà orinato, ricuopre l’orina con la terra, per
invidia, che l’uomo non ne possa haver utilità, e
l’orina si congela in Lincurio, hà il color
dell’ambra, (et) intagliasi, e non solo tira à se le
foglie, e le paglie, ma anchora le piastre del ferro, e del rame (p. 27a-b).
Lincurio, a stone which is congealed of the vrine
or water of a luzard, which drawes iron,
leaues, and straw to it (1598).
Lincúrio, a stone shining like fire, it is congealed
of the vrine or water of a Lizard, and as the
Adamant drawes iron, leaues and strawes vnto
it (1611).
(87) La pietra Orite è di tre sorti, una nera tonda,
questa portata conserva l’huomo sano tra tutte le
sorti di fiere, l’altra sorte è verde sparsa da bianche macchie, questa essendo portata fà resistere à
i casi avversi: la terza è sottile, come lama di ferro signata di non ispesse macchie appesa al collo
alle donne non le lascia ingravidare, e se son
gravide, sconcia loro il parto, di più non sente il
fuoco, (et) è simil’al ferro, portata dove si litiga
accresce le discordie (p. 28a-b).
Orite, a kinde of precious stone, whereof there be
three kindes, one blacke and round, another
greene with white spots, the third yellowish
(1598).
Oríte, a kinde of precious stone whereof there be
three sortes, one blacke and round, another
greene with white spots, and another yellowish (1611).
(88) La pietra Pirite è nera, ma stropicciandosi
arde le dita (p. 29a).
Pirite, a kinde of marcasite or fier-stone which
being rubbed will burne ones finger (1598).
Piríte, a kind of marcasite or fire-stone, which
being rubbed will burne ones fingers, wherof
Mill-stones are made (1611).
Sagda, a kinde of greene precious stone that will
drawe wood vnto it, which the Chaldees vse to
make fast to their hands (1598).
Ságda, a kind of greene precious stone found
sticking vnto old ships which the Chaldees vse
to make fast to their hands, it will draw wood
vnto it (1611).
Sarcofago, a stone that the Egyptians wont to
make tumbes of which in fortie daies will consume a bodie to ashes all sauing the teeth [...]
(1598).
(89) La pietra Sagda è di colore verde, e tira à se
il legno, come la Calamita il ferro, non è facile il
trovarla, se già ella iste(ss)a non si offerisce, e si
lascia vedere: percioche dalle profonde parti esce
alle navi, e vi si attacca in modo, che se non vien
tolta via co i coltelli, con difficoltà si spica (p.
29b).
(90) La pietra Sarcofago è di ta(n)ta virtù, che in
quara(n)ta giorni consuma tutto il corpo morto,
fuor che i denti, intanto che niuna cosa apparisce,
e vivendo l’huomo attaccandola alla carne ella la
30
rode, di questa gli antichi facevano le lor sepolture, e le spoglie poste co i morti diventano di pietra (pp. 29b-30a).
(91) La pietra Smeriglio sega il vetro, come il
Diamante (p. 30b).
Sarcofágo, a stone that the Egyptians wore wont
to make tombes of, which in forty daies will consume a body all to ashes, sauing the teeth [...]
(1611).
Smeriglio, [...] a kinde of hard stone that will cut
glasse, armourers vse to scoure armour with
[...] (1598).
Smeríglio, [...] a kind of hard stone that will cut
glasse called an Emerod stone, Glasieri vse it
to cut glasse, Armourers and Frubbers vse it
to scoure with [...] (1611).
G) Voci formalmente simili a quelle di Bonardo ma differenti nella definizione. È il caso estremo della situazione descritta in F. Si tratta di parole
che, sebbene veicolino gli stessi significati e coincidano dal punto di vista
formale, hanno una glossa essenzialmente diversa, che lascerebbe presupporre il ricorso da parte di Florio ad una fonte differente, come risulta dagli
esempi seguenti, ai quali vanno aggiunti corvia/corvina (→) e (pietra di)
paragone (→):
(92) La pietra Opalo conserva gl’occhi da
diversi mali, à chi la porta fà la vista acuta, e
gl’occhi di quei, che li stanno intorno, offusca in guisa, che non possono vedere, aggiungasi con essa una foglia d’alloro (p.
28a).
(93) E una pietra detta Tireo, la qual benche
grande posta in acqua intera stà à gala, e
spezzata va al fondo (p. 30b).
Opalo, a diuers coloured precious stone called
an Opale, wherein appeareth the firie brightnes of the Carbuncle, the shining purple colour of the Amethist, the greene lustre of the
Emeralde, all shining togither with an incredible mixture. It is also called Pedero
(1598).
Ópalo, or Pedéro, an Opale-stone of diuers colours wherein appeareth the firy brightnesse
of the Carbuncle, the shining purple of the
Amethist, the greene luster of the Emerauld,
all shining together (1611).
Tiréo, a stone of the nature of the stone Scirio
(1598).
Tireo, a stone of the nature of Scírio (1611).
La casistica descritta in questo paragrafo, oltre a evidenziare la varietà lessicale del dizionario e a fornire informazioni sulle tecniche compositive di Florio, fa
emergere le difficoltà che si possono incontrare nell’individuazione precisa delle fonti adottate dal lessicografo inglese.
Un ultimi casi. Nella nota 16 si indicano tra le voci escluse dal computo delle
entrate comuni a Florio e Bonardo dionisia e mirmedia, anche se nel dizionario
si rinvengono due forme simili: dionisio e mirmecia. Sebbene potessero farne
parte, tali forme non sono state incluse nei gruppi descritti in precedenza, in
quanto la fonte, che si è riusciti ad individuare pur se non è annoverata nelle tavole iniziali, non coincide con Bonardo.
31
Ecco i dettagli. Una forma dionisio è registrata da Florio nel 1598 come «a
kinde of precious stone hauing red spots, good against drunkness being carried
about one» (→); la definizione è ripresa letteralmente nell’edizione del 1611
con una variazione nel lemma: dionicisio (→). Nel paragrafo dedicato alla dionisia Bonardo reca: «La pietra Dionisia, se sia macerata nell’acqua, rende l’odor
del vino, e con il suo proprio odor vieta l’ubriachezza» (p. 24a). Semanticamente le definizioni di Florio e Bonardo sembrerebbero equivalenti, ma in mancanza di congruenze testuali, sia relative al lemma38 sia relative alla glossa, non è
possibile stabilire che il testo sorgente di Florio sia proprio la Minera del mondo
e l’esempio andrebbe quindi collocato nel gruppo F; tra i citati floriani, la forma
dionisia ricorre anche in Tomaso Garzoni, nel Discorso LVIII (De’ gioilieri)
della Piazza universale (cfr. Bronzini 1996, I, 625), menzionata in entrambe le
edizioni del dizionario; dionisia inoltre è termine pliniano: «Dionysias, nigra ac
dura, mixtos rubentibus maculis, ex aqua trita saporem vini facit et ebrietati resistere putatur» (Naturalis Historia, XXXVII.57, 157-8, cfr. Corso 1988, 836),
ma in questo caso è improbabile che si tratti di un plinismo “diretto” perché la
Storia naturale di C. Plinio secondo è inclusa nella tavola della seconda edizione, mentre il lemma compare già nella prima39. Un testo non dichiarato nelle tavole iniziali, al quale tuttavia Florio ricorre spesso per le definizioni di termini
appartenenti alla tradizione retorica e grammaticale, è il dizionario latinoinglese di Thomas Thomas40, che alla voce Dionvusias, oltre all’acronimo Plin.,
reca «A pretious stone hauing redde spottes». L’equivalenza tra il testo di Thomas e il primo segmento della definizione floriana è inequivocabile.
L’esempio, oltre ad offrire spunti di riflessione sulla modalità della glossa di
Florio, la cui tecnica compositiva risulta pertanto molto complessa e non può
essere circoscritta ad un meccanismo unico41, induce a riflettere anche sull’uso
dell’etichetta “plinismi/plinianismi di Florio”42. Fermo restando che se un termine ricorre in Plinio, tale resta la sua paternità originaria indipendentemente
dal testo o dai testi che contribuiscano alla divulgazione di esso, nel caso in cui
38
La forma floriana potrebbe essere un refuso: per l’accezione di ‘minerale’ non si rinvengono
attestazioni nell’italiano antico (dati corpus TLIO).
39
Si fornisce tuttavia il testo della traduzione curata da Antonio Brucioli (Historia naturale di
C. Plinio Secondo. Nuouamente tradotta di latino in vulgare toscano per Antonio Brucioli, Venetia, 1548) per render conto della pluralità delle definizioni a cui Florio ha potenzialmente accesso
per redigere una glossa: «La Dyonisia, è nera (et) dura, mescolateui ro(ss)eggianti macchie. Et
pesta nell’acqua fa sapore di uino, et pensasi che resista alla hebrietà» (37.10, 1063). Sulla dipendenza di Florio dalla traduzione di Brucioli cfr. Scarpino 2008, 77-86.
40
Thomasius Thomas, Dictionarium Linguae Latinae et Anglicanae, Cambridge, 1587 (ed. elettronica LEME).
41
In questo caso specifico Florio ricorre a due fonti distinte: il testo dell’entrata e il testo della
traduzione.
42
Il sostantivo plinianismi è stato riscontrato nei commenti di alcune voci del LEI e andrà probabilmente inteso come tecnicismo interno al gruppo di lavoro per indicare termini di ascendenza
pliniana (cfr. ad es. LEI 3.1,1527,6 e Lupis 1992, 13). In analogia a dantismi ‘parole, espressioni
di Dante’, sembrerebbe preferibile la forma modellata sul nome e non sull’aggettivo.
32
il plinismo ricorra in Florio, occorre distinguere tra ciò che deriva in maniera
diretta dalla Naturalis Historia (la traduzione di Brucioli presente nella tavola
dei citati) e ciò che invece è mediato o da citazioni di prima mano (forme latine
di Plinio in Thomas) o da citazioni secondarie (rifacimenti del testo di Plinio, ad
es. la Minera di Bonardo).
Lievemente diverso, ma con esito comparabile, il caso di mirmedia. Bonardo
reca: «La pietra Mirmedia hà certi rilevati porri, bella a vedersi» (p. 28a); in
Florio 1598 si trova la variante mirmecia «warts in the priuie parts. Also a kind
of blakish stone» (→). A parte una somiglianza formale, la definizione del minerale fornita da Florio è troppo generica per poter affermare che si tratti proprio della stessa pietra descritta da Bonardo. Una voce «Myrmēcias, Cæs. A
precious stone hauing litle knots like wartes» è registrata da Thomas; anche in
questo caso la dipendenza di Florio dalla sua fonte (non dichiarata) è inequivocabile e inserisce Thomas tra i possibili fornitori di termini dell’antichità classica a Florio. Come quest’ultimo abbia agito sulla resa “volgare” delle entrate è
altro discorso, da affrontare in occasione di uno studio sulle strutture del lessico
floriano, che procede parallelamente alla presente ricerca.
33
PARTE II
REPERTORIO-CAMPIONE DI TERMINI SCIENTIFICI
Criteri di selezione del corpus
Si raccolgono nel presente repertorio-campione alcuni termini appartenenti
all’astronomia e ai tre settori tradizionali della tassonomia scientifica medievale
(regno minerale, animale e vegetale), distinguendoli in quattro categorie: 1. nomi di stelle o pianeti (identificati con la sigla S), 2. nomi di minerali (identificati
con la sigla M), 3. nomi di animali (identificati con la sigla A), 4. nomi di fiori
(identificati con la sigla V).
Il criterio adottato per delimitare campi d’indagine troppo estesi (il repertorio
non comprende tutti i termini dell’astronomia e dei regni minerale, animale e
vegetale) è dato dalla presenza nella glossa di iperonimi identificativi di ogni
categoria indagata: star e signe43 per il primo gruppo, stone e mineral44 per il
secondo, beast per il terzo e flower per il quarto45.
Trattandosi di termini afferenti a campi del sapere a volte in relazione, alcune
voci possono risultare comuni a più gruppi, ad es. capricorno (→) indica sia
43
Spesso i termini ricorrono in dittologia sinonimica (→ area circolare, erictonico ecc.). La
valenza ‘costellazione’ di signe e la correlazione con star è attestata anche dallo stesso Florio,
che, alla voce segno, registra «Also a signe of starres» in entrambe le edizioni. Situazioni di questo tipo ci consentono di considerare il dizionario come “sistema chiuso” e, nei casi in cui la glossa presenta sequenze sinonimiche, contribuiscono all’identificazione precisa di un termine. Non
sono state conteggiate, perché prive di traduzione, le voci «Serpentário, ségno celeste» e «Serpente austrále, ségno celeste» ricorrenti nell’edizione del 1611.
44
Come signe e star, anche mineral e stone possono ricorrere in dittologia (→ alabastro, gellamina ecc.).
45
In realtà il termine inglese più adatto ad identificare i fitonimi è herb (e il corrispondente autoctono wort), che ha una valenza semantica più ampia e spesso co-occorre con flower (→ aquilegia, eliocriso ecc.). L’esclusione di questa parola chiave dalla ricerca è dovuta a due ragioni: 1)
il termine herb (nelle forme hearb, hearbe, hearbes, herbe, herbes, herbs) nell’intero repertorio
lessicografico floriano ricorre oltre 700 volte (e al computo andrebbero aggiunte le occorrenze di
wort), pertanto il segmento sarebbe stato sproporzionato rispetto agli intenti del presente lavoro;
2) è in fase di completamento una ricerca dedicata all’identificazione e allo studio di tutti i fitonimi floriani, pertanto la registrazione dei termini con herb in questa sede sarebbe risultata ridondante.
35
una costellazione sia un animale; giacinto (→) una pietra preziosa e un fiore;
chelidonia (→) una pietra, una pianta e un serpente.
Lo spoglio è stato condotto sulla banca dati LEME, elaborata presso
l’Università di Toronto, strumento di consultazione elettronica abbastanza efficace, che purtroppo non consente una ricerca per lemmi. Questa difficoltà operativa, complicata dall’instabilità grafica registrata nel dizionario e peculiare
dell’inglese del periodo46, è stata superata ricontrollando sistematicamente in
LEME le varianti grafiche dei diversi lemmi fornite dall’ OED47. Alla selezione
per così dire “formale”, è seguita la selezione “semantica”: una forma come
stone, oltre che nelle glosse di termini che denotano pietre preziose, può ricorrere nelle definizioni di una patologia (es. Mal di pietra, the stone-chollike
[1611]), oppure può essere sinonimo di ‘nòcciolo’ (es. Ósso, any kind of bone.
Also the stone of any fruite, as Oliues, Plums, or Dates, etc. [1611]). La scelta
di un termine su base semantica diviene più complessa nel caso di glosse tautologiche (cfr. Parte I, blocco A), quelle cioè in cui all’entrata italiana (spesso regionale) corrisponde un unico traducente inglese. Registrazioni di questo tipo di
solito, ma non sempre, identificano un referente ben preciso e richiedono pertanto ulteriori verifiche in lessici specialistici: Stella regia, starre-royal (1611) è
il nome di un pesce e non quello di una stella come a prima vista si potrebbe
credere, va pertanto incluso nel campo degli ittionimi (esterno al repertorio),
non in quello dei nomi di stelle o costellazioni.
La selezione effettuata nel repertorio non tiene conto dei termini generici; risultano pertanto escluse voci come bestia, ciottolo, fiera, fiore, pianta, pietra,
sido, stella ecc.
Dati numerici
Il corpus è costituito da 1542 entrate, delle quali 620 appartengono
all’edizione del 1598 e 922 a quella del 1611, con un incremento di circa 1/5
rispetto alle entrate totali.
Sebbene il dato rispecchi una situazione riscontrabile nell’intero dizionario, i
numeri non vanno intesi come assoluti. Se si considerano i parziali relativi ai
quattro settori indagati, il totale supera quello delle entrate in quanto, come si
può riscontrare anche in alcuni esempi riportati nella sezione precedente, sotto
un lemma possono essere registrati significati afferenti a settori diversi.
46
Nella fase in cui opera Florio (Early Modern English), oltre a rilevanti codificazioni morfologiche, è in pieno svolgimento il Great Vowel Shift, che determina una certa oscillazione nella
resa grafica delle forme (dettagli in Lass 1999, 72-133 e Salmon 1999, 23-44).
47
Ecco i risultati relativi agli iperonimi scelti: star/s, starre/s; sign/s, signe/s; ston/s, stone/s;
mineral/s, minerall/s, minerale/s; besast/s; flower/s; flowre/s; flour/s; floure/s.
36
settore
[S]
[M]
[A]
[V]
TOTALE
numero di voci
201
911
244
205
1561
I dati possono cambiare ulteriormente se non si tiene più conto del criterio di
selezione basato sugli iperonimi, ma si considerano le definizioni nel loro complesso. Capiterà quindi che una voce come gallinelle (→) selezionata per il settore [S] in base all’iperonimo starre, potrà essere conteggiata anche in [A] per
la presenza di moorehens48. Ancor più emblematico il caso di Scorpione (→),
selezionato per [S] in quanto «one of the twelue Signes in the Zodiake», che registra anche ben due significati afferenti a [A] (venemous-worme e sea-fish) e
uno afferente a [V] (hearbe Aconite).
Il computo numerico riportato nella tabella è destinato a mutare ancora se invece che ai significati ci si rivolge alle forme; in questo caso si dovrà distinguere tra le varianti del lemma e le parole diverse che possono ricorrere sia
nell’entrata (es. corniola, s.v. cornio) sia nella definizione (→ es. chimera, s.v.
hircocervo). Tenuto conto di questi elementi, le forme italiane registrate nel
1598 non saranno più 620 bensì 685 (620+44+21)49, quelle presenti nel 1611
non 922 bensì 985 (922+24+39)50.
48
Coerentemente con i criteri di selezione del corpus la voce non è marcata con [A] perché non
presenta l’iperonimo beast nella glossa, anche se potenzialmente rientra nella categoria che identifica il regno animale.
49
In dettaglio: 620 sono le forme poste a lemma, 44 le varianti (agatha, aia, avoltore, balasso,
battacchio, bezoar, camello, canthero, celeste nodo, cepite, ceraumo, chemite, cinapro, corniola,
corniolo, corvina, draconio, effestite, esacontalito, fiore di zaccaria, garatide, garofolo, giraffa,
leonfante, libbra, liparia, longia, morotto, muffiono, nassia, ocria, ostracite, saettario, sardella,
scaro, serpentella, sfragi, smirno, stela, strombo, topazo, tuffata, uro, vegentana), 21 le parole
diverse (acqua rosa, alga, asio, aurelia, britannica, canicula, christallina, cinodio, cornea, gemma di venere, graida, ichneumone, malva, opalo, pedero, pesce spada, sarda, scirio, solere, uvea,
vitrea).
50
In dettaglio: 922 sono le forme poste a lemma, 24 le varianti (acate, aia, alice, argus, balasso, bezoar, celeste nodo, cencri, dattero, effestite, fiore di Zaccaria, helice, loto, medea, orobanche, pantero, parastatiche, politrica, pori, scauro, siepa, stela, strombo, vomici), 39 le parole diverse (acqua rosa, alce, antemone, ariadna, britanica, calamachne, calisto, canicula, chimera,
cinedo, cinodio, cornea, cristallina, diable de mer, gemma di venere, girasolione, graida, gramatica, helitropia, ichneumon, lambrusca, larbasone, lupo cerviere, misi, musmone, ombria, orsa
minore, ostracia, parietario, pedero, pegaso, sagettario, sardella, scirio, smeriglio, terra sigillata, uvea, vai, vitrea).
37
Nota alla trascrizione
Per entrambe le lingue coinvolte la trascrizione del testo è tendenzialmente
fedele al materiale originario, sia nei tratti grafo-fonetici sia in quelli paragrafematici e soprasegmentali, con lievissime eccezioni.
Grafia e fonetica. Per l’italiano, l’unico interevento normalizzante riguarda
la distinzione di u e v, compresenti in Florio (es. barbarauoce 1598 ∼ barbara
voce 1611) e incide sull’ordinamento alfabetico delle entrate, che, pertanto, non
rispetta più quello originale (ad es. ursa [< vrsa], che nell’originale segue vespro, è qui collocato tra trione e vanorsa). Per l’inglese, si riduce il simbolo &,
utilizzato per l’italiano con valore di ‘et’ (anche nell’abbreviazione &c. [> etc.])
a and nelle glosse di mentite, nimfa, pigargo, salio, sirico, therionarca, tonaca
dell’edizione del 1598, di air e scorpione in quella del 1611.
Tratti paragrafematici e sovrasegmentali. In linea di massima si riproducono
le scelte tipografiche, la punteggiatura e l’accentazione dell’originale. Si mantiene l’opposizione tondo ∼ corsivo, impiegata per segnalare rispettivamente la
“diversità” (entrate in italiano, forme italiane o latine presenti nella definizione)
e l’“identità” (definizioni in inglese) linguistiche, e si estende ai casi in cui tale
opposizione non è rispettata nella stampa (ess.: Nisso, a starre in the firmament
called in latine Ingeniculum [1598] > Nisso, a starre in the firmament called in
latine Ingeniculum; Pántide, a kinde of stone called also Graida [1611] > Pántide, a kinde of stone called also Graida)51; si estende l’uso della virgola come
elemento separatore nei seguenti tre casi: 1) tra il lemma e la definizione, o tra
due varianti poste a lemma laddove nell’originale manchi (es. Baláscio Balásso,
a pretious stone [1611] > Baláscio, Balásso, a pretious stone); 2) tra il lemma e la
definizione laddove sia presente il punto fermo (es.: Serotína. Vsed for the euening star [1611] > Serotína, vsed for the euening star); 3) in una sequenza se51
Può capitare che elementi che nella glossa ci si aspetterebbe di trovare in tondo vengano al
contrario riportati in corsivo. Non è possibile stabilire con certezza se ciò sia dovuto a mere sviste
tipografiche oppure se il termine sia stato assorbito dalla lingua d’arrivo (in questo caso l’inglese),
e pertanto l’uso del corsivo sia congruo. Con riferimento ai dati forniti dal corpus (ma le osservazioni che seguono possono applicarsi all’intero repertorio lessicografico floriano), si tratta prevalentemente di forme latineggianti o di forme anglicizzate. Se può sembrare normale che parole
come Aquarius, Capricornus, Taurus, presenti nelle glosse delle omonime costellazioni, compaiano in corsivo sebbene siano di chiara matrice latina (il linguaggio dell’astronomia ha origini
dotte e, in particolare per i nomi delle costellazioni, si è stabilizzato abbastanza presto in quasi
tutte le lingue di cultura – l’OED data i termini appena citati alla fine del XIV secolo), non si può
affermare lo stesso per alce (→ macholino), sol (→ sole), vanbear (→ vanorsa) e zelamin-stone
(→ zelamina), che si presentano come veri e propri prestiti o calchi altrimenti non attestati
nell’inglese, nel caso di zelamin-stone siamo addirittura in presenza di una realizzazione settentrionale – più probabilmente veneta – di calamina. Interessante notare, per capire a fondo la portata innovativa del dizionario di Florio con riferimento a tecnicismi e dialettismi, che il termine zelamina è registrato dal Vocabolario della Crusca solo nella quarta edizione (1729-1738), con una
citazione dall’Arte Vetraia di Antonio Neri, edita per la prima volta a Firenze, presso Giunti, nel
1612.
38
mantica, o sinonimica, laddove siano presenti i due punti (es.: Amaranto, the
herbe Maudlin: and also the Flower gentle [1598] > Amaranto, the herbe
Maudlin, and also the Flower gentle).
Non si dà conto degli espedienti tipografici impiegati nella seconda edizione
del dizionario per indicare il grado di apertura e chiusura delle vocali e ed o52; si
sostituisce con l’accento acuto l’apice posto dopo una vocale iniziale maiuscola
(ess.: A’quila > Áquila, E’thice > Éthice [1611]).
Si uniforma l’uso dell’iniziale maiuscola a tutte le forme che seguono il punto fermo; conseguentemente, nei casi in cui il punto viene sostituito dalla virgola, l’iniziale della parola che segue sarà minuscola (cfr. il caso di serotina commentato poc’anzi).
Per uniformità alle grafie correnti, a volte si staccano costrutti che in originale risultano univerbati (Ambragialla [1598] > Ambra gialla) e, al contrario, si
univerbano forme segmentate (es. Apro di siáce [1611] > Aprodisiáce), dandone
segnalazione in nota.
Ordinamento delle voci. L’ordinamento è alfabetico; nei casi in cui la forma
è registrata in entrambe le edizioni del dizionario, all’interno di ogni blocco si
segue un ordine cronologico: viene data prima la variante del 1598, anche se alfabeticamente andrebbe collocata di seguito e poi quella del 1611 (→ virgile /
vergilie).
Si antepone X a Z, sebbene nel corpus floriano la prima sia collocata costantemente come lettera finale.
52
A questo riguardo così riferisce Castellani 1991, 304: «Florio imita per i due timbri di e e o il
sistema di Claudio Tolomei, senza però tener conto del fatto che l’edizione ortofonica delle Lettere del Tolomei (Venezia, Giolìto, 1557) è in corsivo e il World of Words in tondo: dimodoché la e
che spicca (e con ricciolo) viene a essere la e aperta, come nel Tolomei, e la o che spicca (o corsiva, da lui chiamata, in inglese, “ovalle”) viene a essere la o chiusa, a differenza di ciò che accade
nel Tolomei».
39
A
Abestone, a kinde of blackish stone (1598). [M]
Abestóne, a kind of blackish stone (1611). [M]
Abisto, a stone which once being heated keepes
his heate eight daies (1598). [M]
Abísto, a stone which being once heated keepes
his heat eight daies (1611). [M]
Absinthio, the herbe Wormwood. Also a kinde of
blackish stone (1598). [M]
Absínthio, the herbe wormewood. Also a kind of
blackish stone (1611). [M]
Adónio, the Adonis flowre (1611). [V]
Aeróide, a pretious stone of a skie colour (1611).
[M]
Aetíte, a stone found in an eagles neast, it is also
vsed for Borax to solder mettals with (1611).
[M]
Affrodisiace, a stone which once heated keepes
his heate seauen daies (1598). [M]
Affrodisiáce, a stone which once heated keepes
his heat seuen daies (1611). [M]
Absite, a kind of precious stone (1598). [M]
Acáta, Acáte, an agath stone (1611). [M]
Acóntia, a blazing starre or firie impression in
the aire that shaketh and brandisheth like a
dart or speare with great swiftnesse. Also a
kind of swift gliding serpent of a greene colour
(1611). [S]
Acópa, a medicine, plaster or ointment to cure
wearinesse or vnlustinesse of the bodie. Also a
kind of pretious stone (1611). [M]
Acquario, one of the twelue signes named Aquarius (1598). [S]
Acquário, one of the twelue signes in the Zodiack
named Aquarius. Also anie place for water, an
eawerie (1611). [S]
Adadunephósio, a kind of pretious stone named
of the kidnies (1611). [M]
Adamánte, the adamant-stone. Also a Diamond.
Also an hearb vsed in enchantments (1611).
[M]
Adarea, a kind of reed called Calamachne. Also
a certaine beast liuing in the water (1611). [A]
Adimaino, a beast in India of the bignesse of an
asse, with wooll and hornes as a sheepe
(1598). [A]
Adimáino, a beast in India as big as an Asse,
with wooll and hornes like a sheepe (1611).
[A]
40
Agapi, a yellow stone good against the stinging
of serpents (1598). [M]
Agápi, a yellow stone that cureth the stinging of
Serpents (1611). [M]
Agata, Agatha, a precious stone called an Agate
(1598). [M]
Àgata, an Agate stone (1611). [M]
Agitílla, a white stone with blacke streakes in it
(1611). [M]
Aiace, a flower so called (1598). [V]
Aiáce, a flower so called (1611). [V]
Alabandino, a kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Alabandíno, a kinde of ruby or carbuncle stone
(1611). [M]
Alabardina, a little holbard. Also a kinde of
yellow precious stone, which being drunke is
good against poyson, but it prouoketh the
bloodie flixe (1598). [M]
Alabardína, a little holbard. Also a yellow stone
which being drunk in powder is good against
poison, but it causeth the bloody flux (1611).
[M]
Alabastrite, a transparent Alablaster stone
(1598). [M]
Alabastríte, the Onix stone (1611). [M]
Alabastro, the Alablaster stone (1598). [M]
Alabástro, the Alabaster stone. Also a white and
shining minerall or stone found in Mines of
siluer, vsed, in Physike, called by Paracelsus
Antimonium (1611). [M]
Aláto, winged, hauing wings. Also neere vnto,
hard by, close to ones side. Also in regard, or
in respect. Also as Pégaso, a signe in heauen
so called of the horse Pégasus (1611). [S]
Albazzano, a kinde of stone to make lime with
(1598). [M]
Albazzáno, a stone to make lime with (1611).
[M]
Alce, a beast called an elke, some saie it is like a
fallowe deare (1598). [A]
Álce, a beast called an Elke. Also as Alice
(1611). [A]
Aletteria, a stone in the mawe or gizard of a
cocke about the bignesse of a beane, and in
colour like chrystall (1598). [M]
Alettéria, a stone of the bignesse of a beane
found in the maw of a cocke (1611). [M]
Alígi, a blew Lilly flowre (1611). [V]
Aliso, a blew Lillie flower (1598). [V]
Alíso, a blew Lilly flowre (1611). [V]
Altáre, an Altar. Also an oyle-mill. Also a certaine signe in Heauen (1611). [S]
Amanchitide, a stone that coniurers vse to coniure vp infernall spirits (1598). [M]
Amanchítide, a stone vsed to coniure vp spirites
(1611). [M]
Amandio, a stone of diuers colours good against
poison, which maketh him victorious that
weares it about him, and teacheth to interprete
dreames or riddles (1598). [M]
Amandío, a stone of diuers colours, good
against poison, which maketh him victorious
that weares it about him, and teacheth to interpret dreames, or riddles (1611). [M]
Amaranto, the herbe Maudlin, and also the
Flower gentle (1598). [V]
Amaránto, the hearbe Maudlin. Also the flowre
gentle or Passeuelours (1611). [V]
Amaranto giallo, goldilocks, Gods flower or
Gold-flower (1598). [V]
Amaránto giállo, Goldilockes, Godsflowre, or
Gold-flowre (1611). [V]
Amartora, a beast called a Martin (1598). [A]
Amártora, a beast called a Martin (1611). [A]
Amatisto, a precious stone called an Amathyste
(1598). [M]
Amatísto, an Amathist or Hematite stone (1611).
[M]
Ambra gialla53, yellow or stone amber (1598).
[M]
Ambra giálla, yellow or stone-amber (1611). [M]
Ametísto, an Amathist or Hematite stone (1611).
[M]
Amfodillo, the Affodill or Daffodill flower
(1598). [V]
Amfodíllo, the Affodill or Daffodill flower
(1611). [V]
Amiamo, a kinde of stone so soft that it is both
spun and wouen into cloth, which like Salamander will endure the fire, in such were the
Egyptians wont to wrap their kings being dead,
that so they might burne them and keepe the
ashes of them (1598). [M]
Amiámo, a stone so soft that it is spun and
wouen into cloath, it endureth the fire as a
Salamander, in such were the Egiptians wont
to enwrape their deceased Kings that so they
might burne them and keepe their ashes. Also a
kinde of Alum. Also let vs loue, or we loue
(1611). [M]
Ammantino, a kinde of precious stone of many
colours (1598). [M]
Ammantíno, a precious stone of many coloures
(1611). [M]
Ammochríso, a stone seeming to haue sand and
gold in it (1611). [M]
53
Univerbato nell’originale (Ambragialla).
41
Amor cornúto, the flowre Monkes hood (1611).
[V]
Amphicóne, a kind of pretious stone (1611). [M]
Amphodillo, the daffodill flower (1598). [V]
Amphodillo, the Affodill or Daffodill flower
(1611). [V]
Anachite, a stone good against poison and madnes, some take it for a diamond (1598). [M]
Anachíte, a stone good against poison and madnesse, some take it for a Diamond (1611). [M]
Ananchítide, a stone vsed by enchanters in raising of spirits (1611). [M]
Andromante, a kinde of precious stone very hard
and ponderous, bright like siluer, that drawes
siluer as the adamant doth iron (1598). [M]
Andrománte, a pretious stone, hard and ponderous, bright like siluer, which it drawes vnto it
as the adament doth iron, some take it for a
bloodstone (1611). [M]
Andrómeda, a certaine signe in heauen (1611).
[S]
Anfitano, a stone of the vertue of the adamant,
but it maketh gold to growe in quantitie (1598).
[M]
Anfitáno, a stone of the vertue of the Adamant,
and makes gold to grow in quantity (1611).
[M]
Anfodello, the Daffodill flower (1598). [V]
Anfodello, the Affodill or Daffodill flowre
(1611). [V]
Antelaus, a monstrous beast with great hornes,
and so sharpe that it will sawe and cut downe
any tree with them (1598). [A]
Anteláus, a monsterous beast with great hornes
and so sharpe that it will saw and cut downe
any tree with them (1611). [A]
Antifate, a kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Antifáte, a kind of blacke stone (1611). [M]
Antimonio, a minerall called Stibium or Antimonium (1598). [M]
Antimónio, the minerall Antimonium. Also as
Larbasóne (1611). [M]
Antipate, a kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Antipáte, a kind of blacke stone (1611). [M]
Anthora, the yellowe helmet flower, or munkeshood (1598). [V]
Antóra, the helmet flowre or Monkeshood
(1611). [V]
Antracitide, a precious stone wherein seeme to
be sparkes of fire, cast water on it, it kindleth,
put in the fire and it quencheth (1598). [M]
Antracítide, a stone wherein seeme to be sparkes
of fire, cast water on it, it kindleth, put it in the
fire, it quencheth. Also a kind of blacke bloodstone (1611). [M]
Apibúe, a strange beast of some pagans heeretofore deemed a prophet and adored as a God
(1598). [A]
Apibúe, a strange beast of some Pagans deemed
a Prophet and adored as a God (1611). [A]
Apiróto, a Ruby or Carbunkle stone (1611). [M]
Antacháte, a kinde of Agath-stone (1611). [M]
Ante, before, rather, sooner. Also a wilde beast
in India as big as an asse with round eares
with the neather lip like a trumpet neuer going
but by night (1598). [A]
Ánte, before, rather, sooner, and much vsed in
compositions of words. Also a wilde beast in
India as big as an Asse with round eares and
nether lipt like a trumpet, which is neuer seene
to goe but by night (1611). [A]
42
Apisso, a blacke stone pointed with blew vaines,
which being once heated with fire remaineth
hot seauen daies after (1598). [M]
Apisso, a blacke stone pointed with blew veines,
which once heated keeps his heat seauen daies
after (1611). [M]
Ápro, a kind of beast with great teeth, some take
it for a wilde Boare (1611). [A]
Aprodisiáce54, a stone red and white (1611). [M]
Apsitóne, a stone that being once hote keepes his
heate seauen daies after (1611). [M]
Aquila, an eagle, a kinde of fish, the name of a
star, a kinde of coine (1598). [S]
Áquila, any kinde of Eagle. Also a star called the
Eagle star. Also a kinde of fish. Also a coyne in
Germanie (1611). [S]
Aquilegia, the herbe or flower Columbine or
Setwall (1598). [V]
Ara, an altar or sanctuarie. Also a star neare
Scorpio called the Altar. Also as Aia (1598).
[S]
Ára, as Áia. Also an Altar or sanctuary. Also a
star neere Scorpio, called the Alter star (1611).
[S]
Ardoésa, a precious stone wherein are naturally
the pictures of beasts and birds (1611). [M]
Area circoláre, the name of a starre or signe in
heauen (1611). [S]
Argenóne, a kinde of precious stone (1611). [M]
Argentina, the hearbe stone-ferne, or fingerferne, others affirme it to be the siluer weede
or tanzie. Also a kinde of fish (1598). [M]
Argentína, stone-ferne or finger-ferne. Also
tanzie or Siluer-wort. Also a kinde of fish
(1611). [M]
Arghe, a wilde beast with the face like a woman
(1598). [A]
Árghe, a wilde beast faced like a woman (1611).
[A]
Argirodáma, a white precious stone (1611). [M]
Arabo, a kinde of marble stone. Also an Arabian
(1598). [M]
Arábo, an arabian horse, man or stone (1611).
[M]
Aranata, a wilde beast in India as big as a grayhound, bearded as a goate, mouthed, footed
and handed as an ape (1598). [A]
Aranáta, a beast in India, bearded as a goat;
mouthed, and footed as an ape (1611). [A]
Árca dí Nóe, Noes Arke. Also a certaine signe in
heauen (1611). [S]
Arcata, a blow or shot of a bow. Also an agate
stone (1598). [M]
Arcturo, a star by the taile of Vrsa maior (1598).
[S]
Arctúro, a star by the taile of Vrsa Maior (1611).
[S]
Ardoesa, a kinde of precious stone wherein are
naturally the pictures of sundrie beastes and
birdes (1598). [M]
54
Árgo, watchfull, cleare-sighted as Argus. Also
the name of a starre or signe in heauen (1611).
[S]
Ariádna, the name of a star (1611). [S]
Aridromada, a pretious stone growing square
like a dye (1598). [M]
Aridromáda, a precious stone square as a dye
(1611). [M]
Ariete, a Ram, a Tup. Also a warlike instrument
to battre walles, one of the twelue signes
(1611). [S]
Armenio, a kinde of marble or such hard stone.
Also a kinde of cullour that painters vse
(1598). [M]
Aromatite, a kinde of precious stone that hath
the smell of myrrhe (1598). [M]
Aromatíte, a stone smelling of mirrhe (1611).
[M]
Arthophiláce, the Charles-waine, or Beare-star
in heauen, the taile of vrsa maior or Bootes
Staccato nell’originale (Apro di siáce). Pro(1611). [S]
babile refuso per aphrodisiace, la forma ricorre in
effetti tra aphorismo e aphronitro.
43
Artomi, a beast like a Hedgehog, hauing the
shape of a Mouse and a Beare (1598). [A]
Artómo, a beast like a hedghog, hauing the
shape of a Mouse and a Beare (1611). [A]
Asbesto, a stone in Arcadia, which once kindled
will neuer be quenched againe (1598). [M]
Asbesto, a stone which once kindled will neuer
be quenched againe (1611). [M]
Ásse, any boord or planke. Also any axeltree.
Also the diameter of the world. Also a hooke
whereon a doore hangeth. Also a wilde beast
in India with a speckled skin. Also the ioint or
axeltree of a bit (1611). [A]
Asteratico, a kinde of skie colour. Also a stone or
earth so called (1598). [M]
Asterático, a skie colour. Also a stone (1611).
[M]
Ascóne, a kinde of blazing star (1611). [S]
Asfadello, a flower called a Daffodill or Affodill
(1598). [V]
Ásine, certaine starres neere vnto Cancer
(1611). [S]
Asinelli, two starres called the little Asses
(1611). [S]
Asio, a kinde of stone called Eate-flesh, bicause
that dead bodies laid therein in fortie daies
consume away. Also a kinde of owle called a
horne coute with feathers on each side of his
head like eares (1598). [M]
Àsio, a stone called eat-flesh, because that dead
bodies laid therein are consumed away in forty
daies. Also a kinde of owle called the Hornecoute, with feathers on each side of his head
like eares (1611). [M]
Asperino, a beast bearing a rich furre, some take
it to be the budge. Also a coine in Turkie
(1598). [A]
Astéria, a stone called also Girasolióne. Also a
foule called a Bittour (1611). [M]
Asterite, a kinde of pretious sparkling stone
(1598). [M]
Asteríte, a kind of sparkling stone (1611). [M]
Astrapia, a kinde of whitish, and greenish stone
(1598). [M]
Astrápia, a whitish and greenish stone from
which seem to shoot raies of lightning (1611).
[M]
Astrio, a precious stone in India with a shining
star in the centre or midst of it (1598). [M]
Àstrio, a stone with a star in it (1611). [M]
Astroide, a stone which being laide vpon marble
wet with vineger or iuice of limons doth stirre
and creepe away (1598). [M]
Astróide, a stone which laid vpon marble wet
with vineger doth stir and creepe away (1611).
[M]
Atizzóne, a stone glittring as siluer (1611). [M]
Aspilate, a pretious stone like siluer (1598). [M]
Aspiláte, a stone like siluer and fierie (1611).
[M]
Asprone, a kind of soft, blackish, rugged stone,
that they haue about Rome to build with
(1598). [M]
Aspróne, a kind of soft rugged stone vsed about
Rome in buildings (1611). [M]
Asse, a boord, a planke. Also an axletree of a
wagon or cart, the diameter of the world, a
hooke of a doore or gate. Also a wilde beast in
India with a speckled skin (1598). [A]
44
Augíta, a Turques stone (1611). [M]
Aurelia, Mothweed, Golden weed, Cudmeed,
Flowre amour, or Golden stechados (1611).
[V]
Auriflámma, golden flowre, vsed also for a
Princes chiefe standard (1611). [V]
Avoltóio, Avoltóre, a kinde of hauke, a gripe, a
vulture or a geyre. Also a precious stone found
in a vulturs head (1598). [M]
Axíno, a wilde beast which sone take for the
Muske-cat, or Siuet-cat (1611). [A]
B
Balamite, a kinde of precious stone of sundrie
colours (1598). [M]
Balamíte, a stone of sundry colours (1611). [M]
Ballascio, Balasso, a precious stone (1598). [M]
Baláscio, Balásso, a pretious stone (1611). [M]
Balausto, a Pome-granate-flowre (1598). [V]
Baláusto, a Pomegranet floure (1611). [V]
Balottára, a stone bow to shoot bullets (1611).
[M]
Balsate, a kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Balsáte, a kind of blacke stone (1611). [M]
Bápta, a sweet smelling pretious stone (1611).
[M]
Barbara voce55, blew bottle, corne floure, or
hurtsickle, a weede growing among corne
(1598). [V]
Bárbara vóce, corne-flower, blewbottle or hurtsickle (1611). [V]
Baripto, a kinde of stone like an agatte (1598).
[M]
Baripto, a kinde of stone like an Agatte (1611).
[M]
Barópi, a precious stone red and blacke (1611).
[M]
Basalte, a kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Basanite, a stone wherof they make whetstones
(1598). [M]
Basar, the Bezars stone (1598). [M]
Basár, a Beozars stone (1611). [M]
Batáuro, a kind of beast incold countries (1611).
[A]
55
Univerbato nell’originale (Barbarauoce).
Batrachio, a kind of sea fish. Also a stone which
is found in a toades head. Also a kinde of colour to paint vizards. Also a swelling growing
vnder the toong with an inflammation. Also as
Battachio (1598). [M]
Batráchio, a kind of sea fish called in French
Diable de mer. Also a stone coloured like a
frog found in a toades head. Also a kind of
vernish or colour to paint vizards with. Also a
swelling growing vnder the tongue with an inflamation. Also the hearb Crowfoot (1611).
[M]
Battacchio, the herbe Crowfoote, or but terflower (1598). [V]
Battisegola, a stone called a Zaphire. Also a
blew bottle, corne flower or hurtsickle (1598).
[M, V]
Battiségola, the weed blewbottle, Corneflower,
or hurtsickle. Also a zaphire stone (1611). [V,
M]
Becéchi, blazing starres all shaggie compassed
with a kind of maine or hairie fringe (1611).
[S]
Beligemma, a kinde of precious stone (1611).
[M]
Belo, a white stone with a spot glittering like
gold in the midst. Also the bleating of a sheepe
(1611). [M]
Berillo, a precious stone called a berill, in colour like oyle or sea-water, a seawater stone
(1598). [M]
Beríllo, a berill or seawater-stone (1611). [M]
Betilo, a kinde of stone called in latine Betilus
(1598). [M]
Bétilo, a stone in Latin Betilus (1611). [M]
Bezar, Bezoar, a beazer stone (1598). [M]
Bézar, Bezoar, the Bezoar stone (1611). [M]
Bielletta, some stone or shell that Ichnemone
vseth to kill the crokodill with (1598). [M]
Biellétta, a stone or shel that the Ichneumon
vseth to kill the Crokodill with (1611). [M]
45
Bisonte, a great beast like a horse in Polonia
(1598). [A]
Bisónte, a beast in Polonia like a horse (1611).
[A]
Bitúro, a kind of beast that gnaweth vines in
Campania. Also buttre (1611). [A]
Boaccio, a kinde of great beast like an oxe
(1598). [A]
Boáccio, a great beast like an oxe (1611). [A]
Bócca del córno, the hornes mouth. Also the
North starre (1611). [S]
Bolóa, a precious stone found after great storms
(1611). [M]
Bonaso, a beast as big as a bull with great hornes, but bending backe (1598). [A]
Bonáso, a beast as big as a bull with great hornes, but bending backe (1611). [A]
Boote, a serpent liuing by milke of rudder beasts.
Also a star in heauen following charles waine
(1598). [S]
Boóte, a starre following Charleswaine. Also a
Serpent that liues by milke of rudder beasts
(1611). [S]
Borea, the Northeast winde, or Boreas blasts.
Also a precious stone of a morning skie colour
(1611). [M]
Borsicite, a stone that hath his name of a tree
with branching leaues in it (1611). [M]
Bostrichíte, a stone of the colour of a womans
haire (1611). [M]
Botauro, a kind of beast breeding in cold countries (1598). [A]
Botonária, a flower called the blew or globe
Dasie (1598). [V]
Botrite, a kinde of blackish stone (1598). [M]
46
Botríte, a kind of brasse ore gathered in the
roofe of furnaces. Also a kind of blacke stone
(1611). [M]
Brachecuculi, the flowers Cowslips, Paigle,
Palsiewort or Oxe-lips (1598). [V]
Bronia, a precious stone, good against thunder
and lightning (1598). [M]
Bróntia, or Ómbria, a kind of stone that falles
from the middle region in stormes shaped as a
Tortois head, which some say is good against
thunder and lightning (1611). [M]
Bucardía, a stone like an oxe heart (1611). [M]
Búfera, a certaine huge beast (1611). [A]
Burna, a wilde beast so fierce in Affrica, that it
will fight with two elephants at once, it ouercommeth the lion and the panther (1598). [A]
Búrna, a wild beast in Affrica so fierce that it
fights with two Elephants at once, it ouercommeth the Lion and the Panther (1611). [A]
C
Cabali, a kinde of beast in Samatra more hunted
after than the Bezoar, for the bones of it are
most forcible to stanch bleeding (1598). [A]
Cábali, a beast in Sumatra more hunted after
then the Bezear, for the bones of it are most
forcible to stanch bleeding (1611). [A]
Cacabre, a kinde of whitish stone (1598). [M]
Cacábre, a kinde of whitish-stone (1611). [M]
Cacama, a kinde of many coloured stone (1598).
[M]
Cacáma, a kinde of many-coloured stone (1611).
[M]
Caconite, a precious stone that makes him conquerour that hath it about him (1598). [M]
Caconíte, a precious stone, that makes him conquerour that hath it about him (1611). [M]
Cádmia, the oare of brasse, or a stone out of
which brasse is drawne which is medicinable
(1598). [M]
Cádmia, the ore of brasse. Also the Calamine
stone out of which brasse is drawne (1611).
[M]
Callaíne, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Cadmite, a precious stone hauing blewe specks
about it (1598). [M]
Cadmíte, a precious stone compassed about with
blue spots (1611). [M]
Callímo, a stone found in an Eagles stone
(1611). [M]
Caláce, a precious stone, so called because it
remaineth cold being cast into the fier, it resembleth haile (1598). [M]
Caláce, a stone resembling haile, continuing cold
in the fire (1611). [M]
Caláide, a Turkie stone, some take it for a
Chrisolite stone (1611). [M]
Calamita, the adamant stone (1598). [M]
Calamíta, the adamant or magnet stone (1611).
[M]
Calamócro, a kind of beast that liues in the water
(1611). [A]
Calcedonio, a precious stone called a chalcidonie (1598). [M]
Calcedónio, a chalcidony stone (1611). [M]
Calcestre, any stone good to make lime (1611).
[M]
Calcidónio, a chalcidony stone (1611). [M]
Calcite, the stone whereof brasse is tride. Also
red vitrioll. Also a kinde of fish (1598). [M]
Calcíte, a stone whereof brasse is tried or the
flowre of copper as whereof vitrioll is made.
Also red vitrioll. Also a kind of fish (1611). [M]
Calcofano, a kinde of blackish stone (1598). [M]
Calcophíno, a blacke stone which being striken
resounds like brasse (1611). [M]
Calidónia, a kinde of stone or earth that chimicks
vse (1598). [M]
Calidónia, the hearbe Celandine. Also a stone or
earth that Chimikes vse (1611). [M]
Cálli, a stone like a blew Zaphire (1611). [M]
Calliráphio, a kind of wild beast whose backe is
all speckled ouer (1611). [A]
Calorite, a greene stone which set in iron
worne about one, is good against magick
charmes (1598). [M]
Caloríte, a greene stone which set in iron
worne about one is good against Magike
Charmes (1611). [M]
and
and
and
and
Calta, the flower Marigold or braue Bassinet.
Also a kinde of Violet that comes in Autumne
(1598). [V]
Cálta, the Mariegold or braue basinet, some take
it for the Walle-flowre. Also an Autumneviolet. Also an excellent kind of apple in Italie
(1611). [V]
Caltestre, any stone good to build or make lyme
withall (1598). [M]
Camelo, Camello, a beast called a camell
(1598). [A]
Camelopardo, a beast begotten of a camell and a
panther (1598). [A]
Camélopárdo56, a beast engendered betweene a
Camell and a Panther (1611). [A]
Campána, a bell. Also a couer of Limbike. Also a
bell-flowre, or kinde of rose (1611). [V]
Campanello, a campanell or rowle in the mouth
of the bit of a horse in forme of a bell. Also a
kinde of flowre (1598). [V]
Campanella, a beautious flowre fashioned as a
bell. Also any little bell. Also a couer for a
Limbecke or Still (1611). [V]
Cáncaro, a cankre. Also the Crab star. Also a sea
crab. Also an interiection of deniall. Also a
56
Staccato nell’originale (Camelo pardo).
47
curse that the Italians vse to wish to one
(1611). [S]
Canicula, a fish so called. Also a star much seen
in the dog daies, the dog star (1598). [S]
Canícula, the dog starre. Also a Seadog or
houndfish, or dog fish (1611). [S]
Cánopo, hempe. Also a digger or worker about
Mines or minerels. Also a goodly, a great and
bright starre about the Antarticke pole (1611).
[S]
Cantharo, or Canthero, a fish endued with great
chastitie as the turtle is, hauing an vnsauorie
taste. Also a beast wherof there is no female, a
black beetle. Also a kinde of boate. Also a ring
or hammer to knocke at a dore. Also a waight
called a kintall. Also a kinde of measure of dry
things. Also a tankard or iug that houldeth
much. Also a close stoole (1598). [A]
Cántharo, a fish of a chasnut colour endewed
with great chastity as the turtle is, and hauing
a most vnsauory taste. Also a beast whereof
there is no female. Also a blacke beetle or hornet. Also a kinde of boate. Also a ring or hammer to knocke at a dore. Also a kintall waight
being about a hundred waight and in some
places, much more. Also a great iug or tankard. Also a close-stoole pan. Also a knob or
bunch growing vnder the tongue of some Oxen
and cowes (1611). [A]
Capa, a kinde of wilde, blacke, hairie beast bigger then an asse breeding in India (1598). [A]
Cápa, a blacke hairie wild beast, bigger than an
Asse breading in India (1611). [A]
Capricórno, one of the twelue signes in heauen,
called Capricornus, a beast bodied like a stag,
and footed and horned like a goate (1598). [S,
A]
Capricórno, a beast bodied like a Stag, footed
and horned like a Goat. Also one of the twelue
signes called Capricornus (1611). [A, S]
Carbonchio, a pretious stone called a Carbuncle,
an infirmitie so called, a blaine, a pock, a
plague sore, a bile, a botch, a swelling in any
part of the body. Also a little cole (1598). [M]
Carbónchio, a Carbuncle stone. Also a carbuncle-sore, a blane, a botch, a bile, a push, a
plague-sore or fierie swelling in any part of the
bodie. Also Mildew Hotplanets, or blasting or
corne, or fruits, or trees. Also a burning coale
(1611). [M]
Carchedóni, a kind of Rubie stone (1611). [M]
Cárcij, a stone named of the colour of a Sea-crab
(1611). [M]
Cardísche, a stone hauing the shape of a heart in
it (1611). [M]
Carpáso, a venemous kinde of beast (1611). [A]
Carriéro, the name of a star called Charles
waine (1611). [S]
Cárro, a cart, a charriot, a wain, a waggon. Also
a pageant. Also Charles waine, or the seauen
stars about the North star. Also a kind of measure (1611). [S]
Cárro píccolo, the name of a star (1611). [S]
Capite, a kinde of white stone (1598). [M]
Cápite, a kind of white stone (1611). [M]
Cásia, a kind of hearb or flowre (1611). [V]
Capníte, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Cassiopéa, the name of a starre (1611). [S]
Cápo del dragóne, the name of a starre called the
Dragons head (1611). [S]
Castorea, Castors or beauers stones (1611). [M]
Caprétti, certaine starres called the kids presaging raine and shoures (1611). [S]
48
Catochite, a stone so clammie that it will stick to
his hands that doth but touch it (1598). [M]
Catochíte, a stone so clammie that it stickes to
his hands that doth but touch it (1611). [M]
Catopleba, a wilde beast, litle of bodie, but
heauie and slow, his head so great that his
bodie can scarse beare it, whosoeuer looketh
vpon his eyes doth presently die (1611). [A]
Cavállo maggióre, the name of a Starre (1611).
[S]
Cavállo minóre, the name of a Starre (1611). [S]
Cavállo prímo, the name of a Starre (1611). [S]
Cavállo secóndo, the name of a Starre (1611).
[S]
Cegolite, a kinde of blackish stone (1598). [M]
Cegolíte, a kind of blackish stone (1611). [M]
Celsomino, a gelsemine floure (1598). [V]
Celsomíno, a Gelsemine floure (1611). [V]
Cenchríde, a kestrell. Also a kinde of small dyamond, some say it is a stone that seemes to
haue seede of Millet scattered beere and there
in it. Also as Cencri (1611). [M]
Centáuro, a centaure, halfe a man and halfe a
bull. Also the name of a star (1611). [S]
Ceraunia, Ceraumo57, a kinde of blackish and
blewish stone, which put in vineger and salt
peeter will in time growe to haue a bright glittering star in the center of it, and taken out will
iust in so long time lose it againe. It is said to
fall out of the clouds, and who wears it about
him cannot be drowned. Some haue taken it for
a kinde of glittering pearle (1598). [M]
Ceráunia, a blackish and blewish stóne, which
put in Vineger and saltpeter, wil in time grow
to haue a bright-glittering star in the centre of
it, and taken out will iust in so long time loose
it againe, it is said to fall out of the clouds and
that who weares it about him can not be
drowned, some say it is a kinde of glittering
pearle. Also the Carobecod or fruit. Also as
Misi (1611). [M]
Ceremíta, a kind of pretious stone (1611). [M]
Cerigone, a kinde of wilde beast in India with a
great bag vnder his bellie, wherin in times of
danger he carieth his yong ones (1598). [A]
Cerigóne, a wilde beast in India with a bag
vnder his bellie wherein in times of danger he
carieth his yong ones (1611). [A]
Ceríni, a kind of yellow Berill stone (1611). [M]
Cepheo, the name of a starre (1611). [S]
Ceríte, a stone of a waxe colour (1611). [M]
Cepo, a wilde beast or monster hauing feete like
a man (1598). [A]
Cepho, a wilde beast whose forefeete are like a
mans hands, and the hinder legs like vnto those
of a man (1611). [A]
Cepiónide, a stone of diuers colours very strange
to see (1611). [M]
Cepocapite, or Cepite, a stone that doth reiect all
whitenes (1598). [M]
Cepocápite, a stone that doth reiect all whitenesse (1611). [M]
Ceracháte, a kind of Agate-stone (1611). [M]
Cerátia, a blazing-starre some what resembling
the fashion of a horne. Also the hearbe our Ladies mantle (1611). [S]
Cessite, a kinde of whitish stone (1598). [M]
Cessíte, a kind of whitish stone (1611). [M]
Céto, a Whale or such other great fish of the sea.
Also a congregation. Also the name of a starre
(1611). [S]
Chalázia, a stone named of haile, because it
resembleth haile (1611). [M]
Chalcomarágdo, a kind of greene stone like an
Emarauld (1611). [M]
Charate, a precious stone like chrystall, good
against the dropsie, and makes him eloquent
57
Probabile refuso per ceraunio.
49
and well spoken that weares it about him
(1598). [M]
Charáte, a stone like Christall good against the
dropsie, and makes him eloquent that weares it
about him (1611). [M]
Chele, the cleyes or forepart of the celestiall
signe Scorpio (1598). [S]
Chéle, the fore part of the signe Scorpio (1611).
[S]
Chelidonia, a kinde of stone found in a swallow,
or a swallow. Also a kinde of serpent. Also the
herbe Celandine the great. Some take it for figwort, or pilewort, or tetterwort. Also a west
winde (1598). [M]
Chelidónia, the hearbe Celandine the great,
some take it for Figwort, pilewort or tetterwort. Also a stone of a swallow colour found in
a Swallow. Also a kind of serpent. Also a Westerne wind (1611). [M]
Chelonite, a precious stone like vnto a tortoise
shell and taken out of a tortoise head, good
against stormes (1598). [M]
Cheloníte, a stone found in a Tortoise and like a
Tortoise shell, good against stormes (1611).
[M]
Chinoceto, a precious stone good to expell euill
spirits (1598). [M]
Chinocéto, a precious stone good to expell euill
spirits (1611). [M]
Chiomáta stella, a blazing starre (1611). [S]
Chiroteca, a flower called our Ladies gloue
(1598). [V]
Chirotéca, the flowre Our ladies gloue. Vsed also
for gloues (1611). [V]
Chiruca, a little beast with eares, skin, taile, and
shape like a mouse, hauing vnder his belly a
great bag, wherein he carrieth his yoong ones.
It doth much hunt after hens and such poultrie,
but there be two sortes of them, one bigger
than another, and somewhat like a foxe with a
great taile (1598). [A]
Chirúca, a little beast with eares, skin, taile and
shape like a Mouse, with a bagge vnder his
belly wherein he carieth his yongue ones, it
doth much hurt to hens and other poultry, there
be two sorts one bigger then another, and
somewhat like a Fox with a great taile (1611).
[A]
Chloríte, a grasse greene-stone (1611). [M]
Chemele, Chemite, a kinde of stone like iuorie,
as hard as marble, the bodies buried in them
are neuer consumed. It is sayd that Darius king
of Persia was buried in a tombe made of such
stones (1598). [M]
Cheméle, a stone like Iuorie, as hard as marble,
the bodies buried in them are neuer consumed,
it is said that the bodie of Darius King of Persia was buried in a tombe of such stones
(1611). [M]
Chene, a kinde of stone found in the eye of an old
Hart, good against poison (1598). [M]
Chéne, a stone found in the eye of an old Hart,
good against poison (1611). [M]
Chernite, a stone like Iuorie (1598). [M]
Chimus, a kinde of fish that foreseeth stormes,
and then hideth himselfe vnder some stone
(1598). [M]
50
Chrisolámpo, a stone pale coloured by day, and
glowing as fire in the night (1611). [M]
Chrisoletro, yellow Amber. Also a kind of Iacinth
stone (1611). [M]
Chrisolito, a chrisolite stone (1598). [M]
Chrisólito, a Chrisolite stone (1611). [M]
Chrisopazzo, a kinde of precious stone (1598).
[M]
Chrisopétro, a Chrisolite stone (1611). [M]
Chrisophíde, a stone glittering as Gold (1611).
[M]
Ciamea, a blacke stone like a beane (1611). [M]
Ciano, a floure called blew-bottles (1598). [V]
Ciáno, the Lillie-flowre or blew-blaw (1611). [V]
Cígno, a Swan. Also a twinging with band and
feete. Also the name of a starre (1611). [S]
Cimedia, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Cimédia, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Cinábro, Cinapro, a colour that painters vse
called cinabre, or vermilion. Also that which
Apothecaries call sanguis draconis. Also a soft
red stone found in minerals (1598). [M]
Cinábro, Cinabre or Vermillion. Also Sanguis
draconis. Also a softred stone found in minerals (1611). [M]
Cinédia, a stone found in the head of the Cinedo
fish (1611). [M]
Cinodie, a kinde of fish, out of which is taken a
stone called Cinodio, that hath the propertie to
be cleere and bright before calme and faire
weather at sea, but if any storme be at hand it
wil looke duskie and cloudie (1598). [M]
Cinódie, a fish out of which is taken a stone
called Cinodio, which hath the propriety to be
cleare an bright before calme and faire
weather at sea, but any storme being at hand it
will looke very duskie and cloudy (1611). [M]
Cinosura, a figure of starres in heauen (1598).
[S]
Cinosúra, a figure of stars in heauen, as òrsa
minóre (1611). [S]
Ciocúta, a beast bred betweene a bitch and a
woolfe (1611). [A]
Cipone, a beast like a panther. Also a kind of
bird (1598). [A]
Cipóne, a beast like a Panther. Also a kind of
chirping birde (1611). [A]
Circóide, a stone like a wreath or circlet (1611).
[M]
Cissíta, a stone that seemes to haue something
stirring in it as if it were with child, and to be
clasped about with Iuie leaues (1611). [M]
Clitia, a flower into which Clitia was transformed (1598). [V]
Clítia, a floure into the which Clitia was transformed (1611). [V]
Cocchlíde, a kinde of precious stone (1611). [M]
Cocco, graine to die scarlet withall. Also the
blew flower among corn called cockle. Also
cockring, sport, dandling, delight or glee. Also
scarlet, or scarlet die (1598). [V]
Cócco, graine to dye scarlet with. Also scarlet or
scarlet-dye. Also the cockle floure among
corne. Also cockring or dandling sport. Also a
cocks egge (1611). [V]
Códa del dragóne, a signe in heauen (1611). [S]
Codiamíno, a kind of flowre that bloweth thrise a
yeare (1611). [V]
Comáta stella, a blazing star (1611). [S]
Cómbro, a kind of beast engendred between a
sheep and a Musmone (1611). [A]
Cométa, a comet, a blazing star (1598). [S]
Cometa, a Comet, a blazing star (1611). [S]
Concílio, a Councell generall. Also the flowre of
Iasione (1611). [V]
Coráda, the midrife, geither, plucke or hasselet
of any beast, the vmble of a Deare, the giblets
of a goose (1611). [A]
Corálide, a Vermillion-stone (1611). [M]
Corálio, a stone to make Mill-stons (1611). [M]
Corállo, acháte a red Agate-stone (1611). [M]
Corgnola, a kinde of red stone worne in seale
rings called a cornix (1598). [M]
Corgnóla, a cornix stone (1611). [M]
Corgnolíno, a corniolin stone (1611). [M]
Cornelíno, a Corniolin stone (1611). [M]
51
Cornice, a chough, a daw, a rooke. Also a red
Cornix stone. Also the ledge whereon they
hang tapistrie in any roome. Also an outietting peece or part of a house or wall (1598).
[M]
Cornio, Corniola, Corniolo, the cornell or long
Cherrie tree, Houndes tree, Dogs-berrie tree,
Pricke-timber tree, or gater trull tree, or wilde
cherrie tree. Also a red precious stone called a
Cornix. Also a kinde of Shepheards cur or
mungrell dogge (1598). [M]
Córnio, the Cornell, the long or wilde Cherrie
tree, the Hounds-tree, the Dogberrie-tree, the
Prick-timber-tree or Gater trull tree. Also a
Cornix stone. Also a flaske for powder. Also a
shepheards cur or mungrell dog (1611). [M]
Corno d’homone, one of the most precious
stones or gems in Ethiopia, in forme like a
rams horne (1598). [M]
Córno di hammóne, one of the most pretious
stones or gems in Ethiopia, in forme of a Rams
horne, called Hamons horne (1611). [M]
Cornupéto, a beast that striketh with his hornes
(1611). [A]
Corona, a crowne, a chaplet, a garlande, a diademe or circlet wherewith princes bee
crowned. Also a companie, a crewe, a circle or
rounde of persons standing rounde togither
about one. Also a paire or set of beads. Also a
peece of coyne called a crowne. Also a rounde
circle or compasse about the moone, a signe in
heauen vpon the shoulder of Artophylax. Also
the rounde circle betweene the white and the
apple or sight of the eie. Also the browe of a
wall or a pillar to caste off the raine. Also the
beginning, ioyning or crowne of the hoofe of a
horse. Also a thicke and pointing processe of
bones much like to the snagge of a Harts
horne. Also a garland of flowers. Also the
brim, tip, or edge of a pot (1598). [S]
Coróna, a Crowne, a Diadem, a Circlet, a
wreath, a garland or chaplet wherewith
Princes be crowned. Also a chaplet or garland
of flowres. Also a companie, a crew, a circle or
round of persons standing round about one.
Also a piece of coine called a Crowne. Also a
52
set or perfect paire of beades. Also a round
circle or compasse about the Moone. Also a
signe in heauen vpon the shoulder of Artophilax. Also the round circle betweene the
white and the apple or sight of the eye. Also the
brow of a wall, or ledge and cornish about any
roome that is tapistred. Also a pillar to cast off
the raine. Also the beginning, ioyning or
crowne of the hoofe of a horse. Also a thicke
and pointing processe of bones much like to
the snag of a Harts-horne. Also the brim, edge
or tip of a pot. Also the circlet about any thing
or vessell (1611). [S]
Corona austrále, the name of a Starre or signe in
heauen (1611). [S]
Coróna settentrionále, the name of a starre in
heauen, as Ariádna (1611). [S]
Corsóide, a stone like a peruke of gray haire
(1611). [M]
Corvia, Corvina, a stone of manie vertues, which
they say is found in a rauens nest, fetch thither
by the rauen, if in hir absence a man haue sodden her egs and laid them in the nest againe to
make them raw againe (1598). [M]
Córvia, a stone of many vertues, found in a
rauens nest, and fetcht thither by the rauen,
with purpose that if in her absence a man haue
sodden her egs and laid them in the nest
againe, she may make them raw againe (1611).
[M]
Cotegia, a touch-stone (1598). [M]
Cratera, a great cup or boll. Also a broad platter
or charger. Also a lauer or cesterne. Also a
certaine signe in heauen rising about March
(1611). [S]
Crateríte, a kind of precius stone (1611). [M]
Crenedi, a kinde of beast in India (1598). [A]
Crenédi, a kind of beast in India (1611). [A]
Crinita stella, a blazing star or a comete (1598).
[S]
Criníta stélla, a blazing starre (1611). [S]
Crisite, gold some comming of tryed lead. Also a
precious stone (1598). [M]
Crisíte, golde fome comming of tried leade. Also
a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Crisoberillo, a kind of precious stone shining like
gold (1598). [M]
Crisoberíllo, a stone shining like Gold (1611).
[M]
Crisocollo, a minerall found like sand in the
veines of brasse, siluer or gold or boras that
goldsmiths vse to solder with (1598). [M]
Crisocóllo, Borace that Goldsmithes vse to soulder with. Also a minerall like sand found in the
veines of brasse, siluer or gold (1611). [M]
Crisocomo, a kinde of stone to trie the goodnes
of gold (1598). [M]
Crisocómo, a kinde of stone to try the goodnesse
of gold (1611). [M]
Crisolampo, a precious stone darke and pale by
day, cleere and fierie by night (1598). [M]
Crisolámpo, a precious stone darke and pale by
day, cleare and fierie by night (1611). [M]
Crisoletro, a precious stone that drawes amber
vnto it, if it come in sight of fire it will flie into
it (1598). [M]
Crisolétro, a precious stone that drawes Amber
vnto it, which commings in sight of fire it will
flie into it (1611). [M]
Crisólito, a stone called a chrisolite (1598). [M]
Corisólito58, a Crisolite stone (1611). [M]
Cróci, a stone of a saffron colour (1611). [M]
Cróco, saffron, or the flower of saffron (1598).
[V]
Cróco, saffron, or saffron flowres (1611). [V]
Crocuta, a beast gotten betweene a Lionesse and
a Hiena, hauing his row of teeth of one piece
alone (1598). [A]
Crocúta, a beast engendred between a lionesse
and an Hienna hauing his row of teeth of one
piece alone. Also a kind of mastiue dog engendred between a dog and a woolfe, which imitates the voice of man (1611). [A]
Croglio, the anger or fretting of a beast, as of a
turkie cock when he is angrie (1598). [A]
Cróglio, the anger, chafing or fretting of a
turkiecocke or other beast (1611). [A]
Culattore, a beast hauing a rich furre or skin
(1598). [A]
Cúte, the outward skin of man or woman while
they be liuing. Also the thin rind, pill, skin, or
barke of any thing. Also a whet-stone (1611).
[M]
D
Dafnia, a precious stone good against the falling
sicknes (1598). [M]
Dáfnia, a stone good for the falling sicknesse
(1611). [M]
Dalfíno, a Dolphin. Also a signe in heauen. Also
a Bishop at Chesse. Also some part of a ship or
gallie (1611). [S]
Crisopásso, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Crispino, crisped, curled, frisled. Also a kind of
glistring stone (1598). [M]
Crispíno, crisped, curled, frizled. Also a kind of
glistring stone (1611). [M]
Crocalle, a precious stone much like a cherie
(1598). [M]
Crocállo, a stone like to a Cherry (1611). [M]
58
Dante, a kind of great wilde beast in Affrike
hauing a very hard skin (1598). [A]
Dánte, a great wilde beast in Affrica with a very
hard skin. Also vsed for the best perfumed
Turkie or Spanish leather for gloues or ierkins.
Also that giueth, a giuing man (1611). [A]
Daphínio, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Probabile refuso per crisolito.
53
Dáttilo, as Dáttero. Also a measure about an
inche. Also Fiuefinger-grasse, Stone-crop,
Wall-pepper, or Wildepurcelane (1611). [M]
Diaspro, a iasper stone, it is of a greene colour
(1598). [M]
Diáspro, a Iasper stone (1611). [M]
Dedecaédro59, a figure of starres in heauen
(1611). [S]
Dielcucóne, a kind of Saffron flowre (1611). [V]
Deltotóne, the name of a signe in heauen (1611).
[S]
Démio, a kind of cornalline stone (1611). [M]
Demónio, a diuell or euill spirit. Also a kind of
pretious stone of seuerall colours like the
rainebow (1598). [M]
Demónio, a demon, a diuell, an euill spirit. Also
knowledge. Also a precious stone of seuerall
colours like the rainebow. Also a signe in
heauen (1611). [M, S]
Dendracháte, a kind of Agate stone (1611). [M]
Dendritide, a kinde of precious stone which put
to the roote of a tree, the axe that cuts it cannot
be dulled (1598). [M]
Dendrítide, a stone which put to the root of a
tree the axe that attempts to cut it turnes and
waxeth blunt (1611). [M]
Dionisio, a kinde of precious stone hauing red
spots, good against drunkennes being caried
about one (1598). [M]
Dionicísio, a stone good against drunkennesse
being caried about one, it is full of red spots.
Also Bacchus the god of wine (1611). [M]
Diopeia, the name of a certaine Goddesse,
nimph, or starre (1611). [S]
Diosántho, Iupiters flowre, which some take to
be the Colombine (1611). [V]
Diphríde, a precious stone of two sorts white and
blacke male and female (1611). [M]
Disceo, a blazing starre resembling a dish or
coite of an Amber colour (1611). [S]
Dóci, blazing starres like vnto beames or pieces
of timber burning (1611). [S]
Dolfinio, the hearbe or flower Larkesheele,
Larkes-spurre, Larkes-claw, or Monkes-hood
(1611). [V]
Diacódo, a kinde of whitish stone that coniurers
do vse to coniure vp spirits (1598). [M]
Diacódo, a white-stone vsed of coniurers (1611).
[M]
Donnola, the beast called a weazell (1598). [A]
Diadocos, a precious stone, so pure and so
vnspotted that it can abide no vncleannes or
corruption neere it (1598). [M]
Diadóco, a stone so pure and vnspotted that it
can abide no vncleannesse neere it (1611). [M]
Dorialtide, a precious stone founde in a cockes
head, some others say it is found in another
beasts head (1598). [M]
Doriáltide, a stone found in a Cockes head, others say in another beasts head (1611). [M]
Diamante, a precious stone called a diamond
(1598). [M]
Dosso, a backe or ridge of any thing, the backe
of a knife. Also a kinde of course home-spun
cloth. Also a beast bearing a rich fur (1598).
[A]
Dósso, the backe of a man or any other creature.
Also the backe or ridge of any thing, the backe
of a knife. Also a kind of home-spunne course
sheepes-russet cloth. Also a kind of beast in
cold countries bearing a rich furre (1611). [A]
Diamone, a kinde of manie coloured stone
(1598). [M]
Diamóne, a money-coloured stone (1611). [M]
59
Probabile refuso per dodecaedro; la forma ricorre in effetti tra documento e dodecathea.
54
Draconite, Draconio, a stone taken out of a dragons head, good against poison (1598). [M]
Draconíte, a stone taken out of a Dragons head,
good against poison (1611). [M]
Dragóne, a great Dragon or Sea-dragon. Also a
certaine starre in heauen (1611). [S]
Egiptila, a kinde of blackish stone (1598). [M]
Egiptíla, a kind of blackish stone (1611). [M]
Egophtálmo, a precious stone named a Goateseye (1611). [M]
Ehugola, a kind of wild beast (1598). [A]
Drilóne, a kind of wild Flowre de luce (1611).
[V]
Dromedario, a beast called a dromedary, it is
maruellous swift, and is a kinde of cammell
(1598). [A]
Dromedário, a very swift running beast some
what like a camell, called a Dromedary (1611).
[A]
Dubù, a monstrous beast somewhat like a Wolfe,
that hath feete like a man, breeding in Africa
(1598). [A]
Dubù, a monstrous beast in Affrica, like a
woolfe, with feet like a man (1611). [A]
E
Eale, a beast in India, of the bignes and like a
horse, with great hornes, and they be loose in
his head (1598). [A]
Eále, a beast in India as big as a Riuerhorse with
great hornes but loose in his head and tailed
like an Elephant (1611). [A]
Echíte, a stone named a Viper. Also a kind of
strange bird (1611). [M]
Effemináto, effeminate, womanish. Also the
name of a starre in heauen (1611). [S]
Effestide, Effestite, a stone found in Corinth,
that as a looking glasse will reflect any image;
if it be put in cold water it will presently heate
it, lay it before the sun, and it will presently set
any matter a fier, that is able to receiue it
(1598). [M]
Effestide, or Effestite, a stone found in Corinth
that as a looking-glasse will reflect any image,
being put in colde water it will presently heate
it, being set before the Sunne it will presently
set any matter a fire that is able to receiue it
(1611). [M]
Elatíte, a kind of bloud-stone (1611). [M]
Elíce, or Helice, a starre, called Calisto or the
great beare. Also a barren scarlet oke or
Holme-tree. Also he sucketh or draweth forth,
or he extracteth and culleth out (1611). [S]
Eliocriso, the gold flower or herbe Aurelia
(1598). [V]
Eliopia, a kind of greene stone (1598). [M]
Eliópia, a kind of greene stone (1611). [M]
Emachíte, a red blood stone (1611). [M]
Emanite, a kinde of stone called a bloudstone,
bicause it stancheth bloud (1598). [M]
Emaníte, a blood-stone, hauing the vertue to
stanch blood (1611). [M]
Emetren, a precious stone much esteemed of the
Assyrians, and vsed of Nigromants (1598). [M]
Emetrén, a stone much esteemed of the Assirians, and vsed of Nigromants (1611). [M]
Enai, a fine white stone which being shaken will
seeme to haue something moouing in it, as it
were a rotten or addle egge (1598). [M]
Enái, a fine white stone which being shaken will
seeme to haue something moouing in it as it
were a rotten or adle egge (1611). [M]
Enánte, the grapes of the wilde vine called Lambrusca. Also a kind of faire flowre (1611). [V]
Encárdia, a stone hauing the shape of a heart in
it (1611). [M]
Engonasi, a signe or starre in heauen called
Hercules (1598). [S]
Engonási, a starre called Hercules (1611). [S]
55
Enhídro, a stone which shaken as an adle egge,
seemeth to haue water in it (1611). [M]
Enórch, a stone which being diuided sheweth the
shape of a mans genitories (1611). [M]
Ephémero, a beast which liueth but one day.
Also a kind of strong purge, or the herbe liriconfancie, or may lillies, the flowre whereof
drunke in wine, maketh one very drunke
(1598). [A]
Ephemero, any beast, fish, or flie that liues but
one day. Also the hearbe Liricomfancy or Maylillies the flowre whereof drunken in wine
maketh one very dranke. Also as some say a
kind of very strong purge (1611). [A]
Ephestite, a stone that reflecteth the image like
glasse (1598). [M]
Ephestíte, a stone that as a looking glasse reflecteth any image (1611). [M]
Epiméla, a white precious stone hauing a blackish colour ouer it (1598). [M]
Epimela, a white precious stone hauing a blackish colour ouer it (1611). [M]
Epistrite, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Epistríte, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Epitimbro, Epithimbro, dodder growing vpon the
herbe Tithymale, it beareth a floure like Time,
and is vsed to purge melancholie (1598). [V]
Equicervo, a beast engendred between a horse
and a hind, or a stag and a mare (1611). [A]
Erictónico, the name of a signe or star in heauen
(1611). [S]
Erídano, the name of a signe in heauen (1611).
[S]
Erigoneio, a star called in latin Cani (1611). [S]
Eristále, a stone which as one houlds it seemeth
to wax red (1611). [M]
Erotílo, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
56
Esacolito, Esacontalito, a kinde of stone that
hath a circle in it, wherin may distinctly be
perceiued threescore seuerall colours, and
hath so many vertues as coloures (1598). [M]
Esacólito, a stone that hath a circle in it wherein
threescore seuer all colours may distinctly be
perceiued, and as they say hath as many vertues as colours (1611). [M]
Eserstite, a kind of whitish stone (1598). [M]
Eserstíte, a kind of whitish stone (1611). [M]
Esipo, a kind of beast bearing wooll (1598). [A]
Essebémo, they, or those women or things. A
white precious stone (1611). [M]
Ethice, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Éthice, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Etindro, a kind of whitish stone (1598). [M]
Etíndro, a kind of whitish stone (1611). [M]
Etite, a stone founde in an eagles nest, of great
vertue to make a woman be deliuered of childe
without paine or labour (1598). [M]
Etíte, a stone found in an Eagles nest of great
vertue to hasten a womans deliuerie of her
child without paine or labour (1611). [M]
Eumetre, a kinde of greene precious stone like
flint, which being put vpon ones head causeth
him to dreame of strange sights (1598). [M]
Eumétte, a kind of greene precious stone, which
being put vpon ones head causeth him to
dreame of strange things (1611). [M]
Eupelato, a precious stone of fower coloures,
fierie, blew, greene, and vermillion (1598).
[M]
Eupetáso, a stone of foure colours, blew, greene,
fierie and vermilion (1611). [M]
Eureo, a stone like an Oliue stone, but chamfred
(1611). [M]
Eurótio, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Eusebe, a white stone ouercast with a blacke
colour (1611). [M]
F
Fiáccola, a torch, a quarrier, a linke, a cresset
light. Also a burning lampe. Also a bright firebrand. Also a blazing starre like a burning
torch with a long traine, the forepart burning
bright (1611). [S]
Filaterio, a precious stone which worne about
one comforteth the spirits, and driueth all melancholie away (1598). [M]
Filaterio, a precious stone which worne about
one comforteth the spirits and expelleth melancholy (1611). [M]
Filónio, a kind of hearbe or flower (1611). [V]
Fioralígi, a flower de luce (1611). [V]
Fioraranci, Orenge flowers (1598). [V]
Fioraránci, Oring-flowers (1611). [V]
Fior belle piantate, grasse flower-deluce (1598).
[V]
Fiór belle-piantáte60, Grasse-flower de luce
(1611). [V]
Fior campese, blew-bottle, corne-flower or hurtsickle (1598). [V]
Fiór-campése, Hurt-sickle or Blew-bottle-flowre
(1611). [V]
Fiorrancio, a robin-red-breast. Also orenge
flowers. Some take it for a wren (1598). [V]
Fiórráncio, Oringe-flowre. Also a Robin-redbreast (1611). [V]
Fior sole, a sun-flower or mariegold (1598). [V]
Fiór sóle, a Rud, Flowre soll or Marygold
(1611). [V]
Fior velluto, the flower gentle (1598). [V]
Fiór velúto, the Flowre-gentle (1611). [V]
Flammea, the panse-flowre (1611). [V]
Flegonite, a stone which being put in water
seemeth to burne with a great flame (1598).
[M]
Flegónite, a stone which put in water seemeth to
burne with a great flame (1611). [M]
Fréri, Herbengers for a campe or for Princes
courts. Also vsed for brethren or Friers. Also
Castor and Pollux, two starres so called neare
the Pole. Vsed also for Hostes or Inneholders.
Also hospitalers or spitlers (1611). [S]
Frigio, a kind of soft moldring stone. Also a
melodie or tune wherein seemed to be a deuine
furie (1598). [M]
Frígio, a kinde of soft mouldring stone. Also a
kind of worke in Arthitecture. Also a kind of
tune or melodie wherin seemed to be a diuine
furie (1611). [M]
Fiór d’alíso, a flowre de luce (1611). [V]
G
Fiór del sóle, the sunne-flowre or Marygold
(1611). [V]
Fiór di Gióve, Iupiters flowre some take it for the
Colombine (1611). [V]
Fior di ligi, flower-de-lis, flower-deluce (1598).
[V]
Fiór di lígi, a flowre de luce (1611). [V]
Fior di primavera, the daizie flower (1598). [V]
Fiór di primavera, the dazie flowre (1611). [V]
60
Univerbato nell’originale (Fiórbelle-piantáte).
Gagatronica, a stone called ieat or agath stone,
that being burned smels of brimstone (1598).
[M]
Gagatrónica, a stone found in Eagles neastes,
called Ieat or Agathstone, which being burned
smels of brimstone (1611). [M]
Gagite, a stone found in an eagles neast, which
being shaken sounds hollow (1598). [M]
Gagite, a stone which shaken sounds hollow
(1611). [M]
Galaricide, a whitish stone full of red veines
(1598). [M]
57
Galatite, a precious stone of a white milky colour, good to make a woman that giues sucke to
haue store of milke. The stone put in ones
mouth doth seeme to taste of milke (1598). [M]
Galatíte, a precious stone of a milkie colour with
some red veines in it, very good to make a
woman that giues sucke to haue store of milke,
the stone put in ones mouth seemeth to taste of
milke (1611). [M]
Gallinelle, the seauen starres that are alwayes
neere Taurus. Also woodhens or snites. It hath
also bin taken for moorehens (1598). [S]
Gallinelle, Wood-hens or Snites. Also yoong
hens. Also the seauen starres that are euer
neere Taurus (1611). [S]
Gállule, seauen starres in Taurus, into which the
seauen daughters of Atalanta were transformed (1611). [S]
Garamantiténo, a precius stone, like a rubie, or
grenet (1611). [M]
Garamatica, a precious stone like an emerauld,
but hath a white line athwart it (1598). [M]
Garamática, a precious stone like an Emerauld,
with a white line athwart it. Also vsed in derision for Gramática (1611). [M]
Garatide, a kind of precious stone (1598). [M]
Garof, a stone that stancheth blood, therefore it
is called a blood-stone (1598). [M]
Garóf, a blood-stone, that stancheth bleeding
(1611). [M]
Garófano, Garofolo, a gilloflower. Also a cloue.
Also a pinke flower (1598). [V]
Garóni, Pinkes or Gilly-flowers (1611). [V]
Gasidane, a precious stone which is saide euery
three moneths to bring foorth yong ones as
other liuing creatures do (1598). [M]
Gasidáne, a precious stone which as some write,
doth euery three monthes bring foorth yongue
ones as other liuing creatures doe (1611). [M]
58
Gatromeo, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Gatromeo, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Gazzella, a beast like a Roe wherof commeth
muske (1611). [A]
Geietta, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Geiétta, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Gelatíde, a kind of precious stone, as Garatide
(1598). [M]
Gellamina, a kind of stone or minerall (1598).
[M]
Gellamína, a kind of minerall or stone (1611).
[M]
Gelosía, iealousie, suspect, suspition, mistrust, a
letteise window or drawing window. Also a
kind of white stone (1598). [M]
Gelosía, Ielousie, suspect or mistrust proceeding
of loue. Also a lettise or false window. Also a
kind of faire white flowre, which if one approach vnto, it shuts in its’ leaues. Also a kind
of faire white stone (1611). [V, M]
Gelsomino, a little white flower called gelsomine
or gesmine (1598). [V]
Gelsomíno, the Gesmine flowre (1611). [V]
Gémini, twins or paires. Also one of the twelue
signes in the Zodiacke, called Castor and Pollux (1598). [S]
Gemini, twins or paires. Also one of the twelue
signes in the Zodiake called Castor and Pollux
(1611). [S]
Gemíte, a stone representing white-hands in it
clasping one another (1611). [M]
Gemónide, a stone, which some say doeth conceiue and bring foorth other little stones, very
good and helpfull vnto women that trauell in
childbirth (1611). [M]
Geniana, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Geniána, a kinde of precious stone, or hearbe
(1611). [M]
Geodéne, a stone inclosing a certaine eye good
for sore eies (1611). [M]
Gerachide, a kinde of blackish stone (1598). [M]
Gerachíde, a kind of blackish stone (1611). [M]
Gerade, a kinde of reddish flaming precious
stone (1598). [M]
Gerádo, a kind of red flaming stone (1611). [M]
Geroníte, a stone, named of the colour of a
Crane (1611). [M]
Gessomíno, the gesmine flowre (1611). [V]
Getto, the arte of casting or founding of mettals.
Also any thing that is cast of mettall. Also a ietstone. Also the casting of a hawke. Also a
patch or space that is betweene beds in a garden. Also any thing cast foorth. Also vsurie
(1611). [M]
Giacinto, a precious stone called a iacint. Also a
flower called Hyacint (1598). [M, V]
Giacínto, a stone called a Iacinth. Also a flowre
called a Hiacinth (1611). [M, V]
Gibellino, a beast called a Sable (1598). [A]
Gibellíno, a beast called a Sable (1611). [A]
Giglio azzurro, a blew flower-de-luce (1598).
[V]
Gíglio azzúrro, the blew Flower-de luce (1611).
[V]
Ginetta, a spanish horse called a iennet. Also a
kind of little beast like a weazel. Also a kind of
iaueling or dart vsed in war (1598). [A]
Ginétta, a Iennet or Spanish horse. Also a kind of
little beast like a Weazell. Also a kind of flinging Iauelin or dart vsed in war (1611). [A]
Giraffa, a beast greater then a leopard, resembling a panther with a long neck. Also a kinde
of glasse that they vse to drinke wine in, in
Italie (1598). [A]
Giráffa, a beast greater then a Leopard resembling a Panther with a long necke. Also a kind
of fine drinking glasse or flowre-glasse (1611).
[A]
Girasóle, the Turnesole or Sunne-flower, as
Helitrópia. Also a kind of precious stone called
Helitropium. Some haue taken it for fiue leafed
grasse. Also vsed for changeable taffeties
(1611). [V, M]
Gielsomíno, the Iessemin flowre (1611). [V]
Giumenta, a mare or breeding beast. Also any
beast of carriage (1598). [A]
Giuménta, a Mare or breeding beast. Also any
beast of yoake or cariage (1611). [A]
Giffa, a beast like vnto a camell, as Giraffa
(1598). [A]
Glicíside, the hearbe or floure Peonie (1611).
[V]
Gigis, a precious stone which as some write
makes those that weare it inuisible (1598). [M]
Gigis, a precious stone that as some write makes
those inuisible that weare it about them (1611).
[M]
Gloso, a precious stone in forme like a mans
toong which fals from heauen when the moone
is in the wane (1598). [M]
Glóso, a precious stone in forme of a mans
tongue, which falles from heauen when the
Moone is in the wane (1611). [M]
Gigli, certaine, fretted Flower-de-luced workes
in masonry or Ioyners workes. Also Lillies
(1611). [V]
Giglio, the flower we call lillie or flower de-luce
(1598). [V]
Gíglio, a Lilly or Flower-de-luce. Also a kind of
game so called (1611). [V]
Gnósia stélla, a certaine Starre (1611). [S]
Gorgonia, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Gorgónia, a kind of stone or corall (1611). [M]
Gótto, any pot or drinking-glasse. Also the name
of a starre in heauen (1611). [S]
59
Grammatia, a kinde of precious stone (1598).
[M]
Gramátia, a kind of Iasper-stone, with white lines
in it (1611). [M]
Gramolázzo, a kinde of wilde great beast (1611).
[A]
sea cob. Also a gullygut, a gulling, or a bellygod (1598). [A]
Gulóne, a beast like a Beauer or Badger very
greedy and vnsatiable. Also a Sea-gull or Seacob. Also a gulling, a gullie gut, a belly-god
(1611). [A]
H
Granáglia, the graine of stone, wood, cloath,
leather or silke (1611). [M]
Hamássa, the seauen-Starres, called Charleswaine, or Vrsa maior (1611). [S]
Granata, a broome, a beesome. Also a pomegranet. Also a kinde of red precious stone (1598).
[M]
Granáta, a Pome-granate. Also a Granate-stone.
Also a broome or beesome (1611). [M]
Hammónio córno, a most precious and sacred
stone called Hammons horne, it is of the colour
of gold, and is found in Aethiopia (1611). [M]
Granito, a kinde of speckled or many coloured
stone (1598). [M]
Graníto, a kind of speckled stone (1611). [M]
Gratiosa, the sunne flower or rud or marigold
(1598). [V]
Gratiósa, the Rud, the Mariegold or Sunneflower (1611). [V]
Grisopazzo, a kinde of greene stone with veines
of gold in it (1598). [M]
Grisopázzo, a greene stone, with veines of gold
in it (1611). [M]
Grobio, a kinde of precious stone like corall
(1598). [M]
Gróbio, a precious stone like Corall (1611). [M]
Grunello, a kind of wild beast (1598). [A]
Grunello, a kind of wild beast (1611). [A]
Guarallo, a kind of noisome beast liuing in Africa (1598). [A]
Guarállo, a kinde of noysome beast in Africa
(1611). [A]
Gugélle, a kinde of wilde beast in India (1598).
[A]
Gugella, a kind of wild beast in India (1611). [A]
Gulone, a beast like a beauer, or a badger very
vnsatiable and greedie. Also a sea-gull, or a
60
Hamone, a kinde of precious stone of the colour
of gold (1598). [M]
Hanníte, a stone resembling the spaune of fishes
(1611). [M]
Hefestite, a precious stone of a fierie colour,
which as a looking glasse reflecteth any thing
(1598). [M]
Hefestíte, a stone of a firie colour, which as a
looking-glasse reflecteth any thing (1611). [M]
Helice, the signe called Vrsa maior, or Charles
waine. Also a kind of iuie bearing no berries
(1598). [S]
Helíce, the Signe called Vrsa maior, or Charleswaine. Also a kinde of Iuie bearing no berries.
Also the worme or winding of a screw (1611).
[S]
Helicrisio, yellowe cammomill, or golden flower,
some take it for the marigolde (1598). [V]
Helichrísio, yellow Cammomill, or golden
flowre. Some take it for the Marigold (1611).
[V]
Helioscópio, a kind of Sunne or Turnesoll
flowre, the Sunne Tithimale (1611). [V]
Helitropia, the herbe Turnesole, Ruddes, Wartwoort, or Sun-flower, which turneth with the
sunne, both at rising and at going downe.
Some take it for the Marigold (1598). [V]
Helitropio, a precious stone, which as a burning
glasse receiueth the sunne (1598). [M]
Helitrópio, the Turnesoll, Ruds, Waterwort, or
Sunne-flowre, which turneth with the Sunne
both at rising and going downe. Some take it
for the Marigold. Also a precious stone, which
as a burning glasse receiueth the Sunne
(1611). [V, M]
Hemacháte, a kind of Agate-stone (1611). [M]
Hemarite, a bloud-stone, good to stanch bloud
(1598). [M]
Hemaríte, a kinde of red Magnet or Lodde-stone.
Also the red bloudstone (1611). [M]
Henui, a whitish stone the ground wherof is of a
yellowish tauney (1611). [M]
Hepatite, a precious stone of the figure of a liuer.
Also the master liuer vaine (1598). [M]
Hepatíte, the master liuer veine. Also a precious
stone of the figure of a liuer (1611). [M]
Heraclio, a touch-stone to trie golde and siluer.
Also taken for one that hath a singular fine
readie wit (1598). [M]
Heráclio, a kind of wild Poppie. Also a touchstone. Also vsed for one that hath a singular,
fine ready wit. Also a kind of fine water-rose.
Also the hearbe Greimile. Also a lode-stone
(1611). [M]
Herba del vento, winde-flower (1598). [V]
Herba del vento, the Winde flowre (1611). [V]
Hercole, signifies glory in earth or in the aire.
Also glorious in battels. Also the name of a
star in heauen (1611). [S]
Hermesióne, a stone of a firy colour yeelding
golden beames (1611). [M]
Hespero, the euening star. Also twilight in the
eeuening (1598). [S]
Hespero61, the euening starre. Also twylight in
the euening. Also the euening it selfe, or euentide (1611). [S]
61
H’espero nell’originale.
Hessecontalítho, a little stone of sundrie colours
(1611). [M]
Hiacinthizónte, a Berill stone (1611). [M]
Hiacintho, a precious stone called a hyacint.
Also a flower called crowtoes. Also a purple
colour (1598). [M, V]
Hiacíntho, a precious stone called a Hiacinth.
Also a flowre of that name, of some called
Crow-toes. Also vsed for blew silke. Also a
purple colour (1611). [M, V]
Hiade, the fiue stars in the head of taurus (1598).
[S]
Híade, the fiue starres in the head of Taurus
(1611). [S]
Hidátide, a precious stone so called, worne by
Apollo in his Crowne (1611). [M]
Hídra, a Serpent with seauen heads. Also a certaine signe or starre in heauen (1611). [S]
Hiéna, a beast of all other the most subtile, about
the bignes of a wolfe. It counterfeits mans
voice; it hath a maine like a horse, the doung it
yeelds is called ciuet. Also a kind of pretious
stone taken out of the Hienas head (1598). [A,
M]
Hiena, a beast of all others the most subtle,
about the bignesse of a Woolfe, it counterfeits
mans voice, it hath a maine like a horse, the
dung it yeelds is called Ciuet. Also a precious
stone taken out of the Hienas head. Also a fish
that at his pleasure puts foorth and drawes in
his head (1611). [A, M]
Hieracite, a kind of pretious stone (1598). [M]
Hieracíte, a precious stone but euer changing
colour (1611). [M]
Hierecíte, a stone named by the colour of a
faulkon (1611). [M]
Hieria, a kinde of pretious stone good against the
falling sicknes (1598). [M]
Hieria, a kind of precious stone good against the
falling sicknesse (1611). [M]
61
Iacínto, a Hiacinth-stone (1611). [M]
Hieronnimóne, a kind of precious stone (1611).
[M]
Himmon, a kinde of adamant stone, that on the
one side drawes iron to it; and with the other
driues it away from it (1598). [M]
Himnóne, a kind of Adamant stone that on the
one side drawes iron to it, and with the other
driues it away from it (1611). [M]
Iada, a kinde of precious stone like an emerauld
(1598). [M]
Iáda, a kind of greene precious stone (1611). [M]
Iaspe, a pretious stone called a iasperstone
(1598). [M]
Iáspe, a stone called Iasper-stone (1611). [M]
Iaspónico, a kind of Iasper-stone (1611). [M]
Hioptálmo, a stone named by the eye of a Swine
(1611). [M]
Hipogrífo, a beast that is halfe like a Horse and
halfe like a Griffon (1611). [A]
Hippea, a Comet or blazing-starre hauing
maines like horses, most swift in motion, and
euer turning (1611). [S]
Hippofeóne, the flowre of a kinde of Thime
(1611). [V]
Hippolífo, a beast that is a Horse and a Stagge
together (1611). [A]
Hippotamo, a beast liuing in the riuer Nilus,
hauing feete like an oxe, backe and maine like
a horse, tusked like a bore, and a long winding
taile (1598). [A]
Hippotámo, a beast liuing in the riuer Nilus,
hauing feete like an Oxe, backe and maine like
a Horse, tusked like a Boare, and a long winding taile, commonly called a Sea-horse (1611).
[A]
Hircocervo, a beast engendred betweene a heegoate and a Hinde, as Chimera (1611). [A]
Holochríso, the yellow golden flowre (1611). [V]
Hormesióne, a precious stone of a firie colour
(1611). [M]
Horminóde, a precious stone of the colour of
Clarie, with a circle of a golden colour about it
(1611). [M]
I
62
Iddei-dáttili, a stone of an iron colour in forme of
a mans thumbe (1611). [M]
Ifidrino, a precious stone good against the stone
in the bladder (1598). [M]
Ifidríno, a precious stone good against the stone
in the bladder (1611). [M]
Ignite, a precious stone of the colour of glasse
(1598). [M]
Igníte, a precious stone like glasse (1611). [M]
Impercolla, a precious stone (1598). [M]
Indica, a kinde of pretious stone in India, of
reddish colour; which being rubbed sweateth
purple drops (1598). [M]
Índica, an Indian precious stone of a reddish
colour, which being rubbed, sweateth purple
drops (1611). [M]
Índica pietra, the lode-stone (1611). [M]
Índico, a precious stone in India that is euer
sweating. Also blew Inde. Also a kinde of musicall instrument with strings (1611). [M]
Ingeniculo, a figure among the stars now called
Hercules (1598). [S]
Ingenículo, a figure among the starres now
called Hercules (1611). [S]
Ione, a kinde of flower. Also a precious stone of
the colour of that floure, which rubbed, drawes
paper and strawe to it (1598). [V, M]
Ióne, a March-violet. Also a precious stone of
the colour of a March-violet, which being
rubbed drawes paper and straw vnto it (1611).
[M]
Ióvis gémma, a kind of white, light and soft stone
(1611). [M]
Ippopatamo, a beast in India, with feete like an
oxe, backe and maine like a horse, tusked like
a bore, and a long winding taile (1598). [A]
Ireiate, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Ireiáte, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Irride, the rainebow. Also a flower deluce. Also a
kinde of precious stone which sparkles all the
colours of the rainebow. Also the circle which
is betweene the white and the apple of the eye,
replenished with diuers colours (1598). [V, M]
Irríde, the Raine-bow. Also a flower de luce. Also
a precious stone that sparkleth all the colours
in the raine-bow. Also the circle that is betweene the white and the apple of the eie replenished with diuers colours (1611). [V, M]
Istmos62, a stone of the colour of saffron, which
is so soft, that it may be spunne, and no fier
will consume it (1598). [M]
Istmós, a stone of the colour of saffron, which is
so soft that it may be spunne, and no fire can
consume it (1611). [M]
Istriano, a kinde of marble stone comming from
Istria (1598). [M]
Istrice, a porpuntine, or porkepine, a beast like a
hedgehog, whose pricks are dangerous, an
vrchin (1598). [A]
Iubar, the day-star called also Lucifer. Also
brightnes, or a sunne beame (1598). [S]
Iubár, the day starre called Lucifer. Also a Sunne
beame or brightnesse (1611). [S]
L
Lamia, a beast that hath a mans face and the
feete like a horse. Also a sea-dog or dog-fish.
Also a kind of fish that hath so great a iawe,
and is so rauenous that it will deuoure an
62
Cfr. n. 25.
armed man. Also a witch, a sorceresse or a
hag. Also women that were thought to haue
such eies as they could put out and put in at
their pleasure, or rather certaine diuels in a
counterfeit shape, which with flatterings allured faire yoong springals and boies, and taking vpon them the likenes and fashion of
women were thought to deuoure them and
bring them to destruction. Some thought them
to be ladies of the fairies or such as make children afraide, or such witches as sucke childrens blood to kill them. Also an arche, a vault
or such hollow place. Vsed also for a whore or
harlot or shamelesse woman (1598). [A]
Lámia, a beast that hath a face like a man, and
feete like a horse. Also a sea-dogge or dogfish.
Also a kinde of fish with so great a iaw, and is
so rauenous, that it will deuoure an armed
man. Also women that were thought to haue
such eyes as they could at their pleasure pull
out and put in againe, or as some describe
them, certaine Diuels in a counterfeit shape
that with flatterings allured faire yoong springals or boyes, and taking vpon them the likenesse and fashion of women were thought to
deuoure them and bring them to destruction.
Some thought them to be Ladies of the Fairies,
or such as make children affraid, or such
witches as sucke childrens blood and kill them.
Vsed also for any kind of hag, witch or forceresse. Vsed also for an impudent whore or
shame-lesse strumpet. Vsed also for an high
arched vault or such hollow place in roofed
buildings (1611). [A]
Lampádie, blazing Starres like vnto burning
torches (1611). [S]
Languria, a kind of beast (1598). [A]
Langúria, a kind of beast or fish (1611). [A]
Langurio, a languet of amber like to a bead stone
(1598). [M]
Langúrio, a languet of Amber like to a Beadestone (1611). [M]
Lápide ásio, a stone so called (1611). [M]
Lapis lazuli, a kind of blue precious stone called
an azull stone (1598). [M]
63
Lapís lázuli63, a blew Azull stone (1611). [M]
Leofante, Leonfante, a famous beast called an
elephant (1598). [A]
Leucrocuta, a beast that hath all his teeth of one
piece, as big as an asse, with neck, taile and
breast like a lyon, and head like a cammell,
and counterfeits the voice of a man (1598). [A]
Leucocúta, a great wild beast, very swift in running, that hath all his teeth of one piece, it is as
bigge as an Asse, with necke, breast and taile
like a Lyon, headed like a Camell, some write
like a Badger, it is clouenfooted, and doth
much counterfet the voice of man (1611). [A]
Léon maríno, a certaine starre or signe in
Heauen (1611). [S]
Leucoio, a flowre called a stocke gilloflower
(1598). [V]
Leonina, an herbe whose flowers are like a lyons
mouth when he gapeth (1598). [V]
Leonína, an hearbe whose floure is like a Lyons
mouth when he gapeth (1611). [V]
Leucopétalo, a kind of white stone, yeelding a
lustre of gold (1611). [M]
Laustíbi, the Daffodill flowre (1611). [V]
Lazoli, an azure or lazull stone, it is blewish of
colour (1598). [M]
Lázzoli, a Lazull, or Azure stone (1611). [M]
Leontio, a kinde of precious stone like a lyons
skin (1598). [M]
Leóntio, a stone of the colour of a Lyons skin
and therefore so named (1611). [M]
Leopárdo, a Leopard. Also a certaine starre or
signe in Heauen (1611). [S]
Lepidità, a stone of diuers colours like scales of
fishes (1611). [M]
Lepidote, a kinde of precious stone like the skale
of a fish (1598). [M]
Lepre, a Buck-hare. Also the name of a starre in
Heauen (1611). [S]
Lesbia, a precious stone found in Lesbos (1611).
[M]
Leucacathe, a kinde of white precious stone
(1598). [M]
Leucacáthe, a kind of whitish Agate stone
(1611). [M]
Leucochríso, a kinde of Iacinth stone with white
veines (1611). [M]
Libanóchro, a stone yeelding a moisture like
hony (1611). [M]
Libra, Libbra, a pound waight. Also a signe in
heauen (1598). [S]
Líbra, a pound waight. Also one of the twelue
signes in the Zodiake (1611). [S]
Licaone, a kind of wild beast of all colours in the
raine bow (1598). [A]
Lichinco, a kind of sparkling stone which rubbed
drawes stickes vnto it (1598). [M]
Lichínco, a kinde of sparkling stones, which
rubbed, drawes sticks vnto it (1611). [M]
Lichníte, a precious stone like the blaze of a
candle. Also a kinde of Primerose or Cowslip,
which if Scorpions eate, they lose their sences.
Also taken for the Rosecampion (1611). [M]
Licoptalmo, a stone of fower colours (1598). [M]
Licophtálmo, a stone of foure colours resembling the eye of a Wolfe (1611). [M]
Licuide, a kinde of hearbe bearing a fine flower
(1598). [V]
Licuíde, an hearbe bearing a faire flowre
(1611). [V]
Lídio, a Touch-stone to trie Gold. Also a kinde of
mournefull solemne musike (1611). [M]
63
64
Univerbato nell’originale (Lapíslázuli).
Ligidino, a kinde of marble stone to build withall
(1598). [M]
Ligidíno, a kind of Marble stone so soft that
there with they make boxes (1611). [M]
Lignite, a kinde of precious stone of the colour of
glasse (1598). [M]
Ligníte, a precious stone of a glasse-colour
(1611). [M]
Ligurio, a precious stone that stancheth the
bloodie flix, and drawes strawe vnto it (1598).
[M]
Ligúrioso, a precious stone that stancheth the
bloudy-flix, and draweth strawes (1611). [M]
Ligustro, the priuet or prime print tree vsed in
gardens for hedges. Also a kind of white floure
(1598). [V]
Ligústro, the priuet or prime-print vsed in
gardins for hedges. Also a kind of White-flowre
(1611). [V]
Limónia, the hearbe Antemone. Also the Windeflower or Passe-flower. Also a kind of Artichocks (1611). [V]
Limoniato, a precious stone called Smaragdus
(1598). [M]
Limoniáto, a Smaragdus stone (1611). [M]
Lince, a beast like vnto a woolfe, hauing manie
spots, exceeding quick of sight, called a los or
linx (1598). [A]
Línce, a Los or Linx, which is a beast like a
Woolfe full of spots and exceeding quicke of
sight, as Lúpo cerviére. Also a Hickway or
Wrynecke (1611). [A]
Lincurio, a stone which is congealed of the vrine
or water of a luzard, which drawes iron,
leaues, and straw to it (1598). [M]
Lincúrio, a stone shining like fire, it is congealed
of the vrine or water of a Lizard, and as the
Adamant drawes iron, leaues and strawes vnto
it (1611). [M]
Linfico, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Línfico, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Lipare, Liparia, a stone which hath the propertie
to draw all wilde beasts vnto it (1598). [M]
Lipáre, a stone that hath the propertie to draw
all wilde beastes vnto it. It is very vnctious and
yeeldeth a strong perfume (1611). [M]
Líra, an instrument of musike called a Lyra or
Harp. Also the Harp-star, or Arcturs star. Also
a coine in Florence worth ninepence sterling.
Also a pound, or twentie shillings sterling. Also
a pound weight or measure about a quarte of
ours. Also a crosked furrow. Also a balke, or
ridge of land (1611). [S]
Lissimáco, a stone like marble with streakes of
gold in it (1611). [M]
Lodro, a kinde of rugged and shagged beast that
liues in water. Also a hawks lure (1598). [A]
Lomento, beane-flower. Also a kind of fine
washed pouder made of Azure, vsed in painting
(1611). [V]
Lonza, a beast called an ounce, a panther or cat
of mountaine. Also as Longia (1598). [A]
Lotho, a kinde of herbe with a floure like poppie
(1598). [V]
Lótho, an hearb with a floure like Poppie. Also
as Lóto (1611). [V]
Luna, the moone, one of the seauen planets. Also
the mettall siluer according to alchimists
phrases (1598). [S]
Lúna, the great Planet the Moone. Also siluer,
among Alchimists (1611). [S]
Lúpo, a Wolfe. Also a Sea-wolfe or Seapike. Also
a disease called a Wolfe. Also a kind of dragging booke to drag things from out deepe
places. Also the name of a certaine Starre or
signe in heauen (1611). [S]
Lupo cerviéro, a beast like a wolfe, but spotted
and exceeding quicke of sight, it doth somewhat resemble a stag which we call a luzarde
(1598). [A]
Lutero, a kind of beast so called (1598). [A]
65
Lutéro, a kind of beast so called (1611). [A]
M
Mach, a kind of beast that hath no ioints in her
legs (1598). [A]
Mách, a kinde of beast that hath no ioynts in her
legges (1611). [A]
Macholíno, a wild beast like an Alce called
Machlis (1611). [A]
Manticóra, a wilde beast in India, with three
rankes of teeth, clouenfooted, face and eares
like a man, bodied as a Lyon, with a sting in
his taile as a Scorpion, a voice sounding as a
flute and trumpet together, and couets much
mans flesh (1611). [A]
Marcasíno, a stone whereof Mill-stones are
made (1611). [M]
Máclo, a kinde of beast that hath no ioynts at all
(1611). [A]
Marchesita, a kind of stone called a marquesite
or fire-stone (1598). [M]
Marchesíta, a Marquesite, or fire-stone (1611).
[M]
Magnesia, the load stone which drawes iron to it.
Some call it a magnet stone (1598). [M]
Magnésia, the Magnet or Loade-stone (1611).
[M]
Mardore, a beast called a martinet (1598). [A]
Mardóre, a beast called a Martinet (1611). [A]
Magnete, the Magnet or Loade-stone (1611).
[M]
Margarita, a pearle, a margarite, a gem. Also a
flower called a daizie (1598). [V]
Margaríta, a pearle or margarite. Also a deizieflowre (1611). [V]
Magneti, a kinde of stone called catsiluer (1598).
[M]
Magnéti, a stone called Cat-siluer (1611). [M]
María, as much to say as illumination. Vsed also
for the Pole-stare (1611). [S]
Malachite, a stone of a darke greene colour
(1598). [M]
Malachíte, a stone of a darke greene colour
(1611). [M]
Malaghetta, a flower called the flowre of Paradise (1598). [V]
Malaghétta, the flower of Paradise (1611). [V]
Malichite, a kinde of darke greenish stone of the
colour of Malva (1598). [M]
Malichíte, a precious stone of the colour of
greene Malloes (1611). [M]
Manganese, a stuffe or stone to make
with. Also a kinde of minerall stone
[M]
Manganése, a kind of minerall stone.
kinde of stuffe to make glasses with
[M]
glasses
(1598).
Also a
(1611).
Manticora, a beast in India, hauing three rowes
of teeth, the face of a man, bodie of a lyon, and
coueteth much mans flesh (1598). [A]
66
Mariche, a kinde of wilde beast in China, with
face like a woman, a bodie like a lyon, and
taile as a scorpion (1598). [A]
Maríche, a wilde beast in China, that hath
body like a Lyon, a face like a woman, and
taile like a Scorpion (1611). [A]
a
a
a
a
Marincusach, a monstrous beast in Persia, with
a face like a woman, a bodie like a lyon, and a
taile like a scorpion (1598). [A]
Martagnone, a kinde of herbe bearing a fine
flower (1598). [V]
Martagnóne, a kinde of hearbe and flower
(1611). [V]
Marte, tuesday, Mars the God of warre, and one
of the planets. Also the mettall iron according
to alchimists (1598). [S]
Márte, Mars the God of warre. Also warre or
battle. Also Mars one of the seauen Planets.
Also the second day of the weeke called Tuesday. Also the mettall iron, according to the Alchimists phrases (1611). [S]
Martora, a beast called a martin, whose furre is
verie deere (1598). [A]
Mártora, a beast called a Martine (1611). [A]
Mattutína stélla, the morning starre (1611). [S]
Medea, a kind of pretious stone, black with
veines in it, yeelding a sweate like saffron, and
taste like wine (1598). [M]
Medea, a kind of precious stone first found by
Medea, it is of a blacke colour with little veines
in it, it yeelds a sweat like Saffron, and tastes
like wine (1611). [M]
Médio, the middle finger of a hand. Also a kinde
of blacke stone. Also a kind of herbe (1598).
[M]
Médio, a kind of blacke stone as Medea. Also the
midle finger. Also an hearbe (1611). [M]
Melane, a stone which yeeldeth a iuice (1598).
[M]
Meláne, a stone which yeeldeth a iuice (1611).
[M]
Melichloróne, a stone partly yellow and partly of
an hony colour (1611). [M]
Melichróta, a kind of stone coloured like hony
(1611). [M]
Melite, a kinde of yellow stone, which broken
and put in water yeeldeth the sauour of honie
(1598). [M]
Melíte, a yellow stone, which broken and put
into water smelleth of honie (1611). [M]
Melochite, a kinde of greene stone (1598). [M]
Melochíte, a kind of greenish stone (1611). [M]
Melogna, a kinde of fish or beast (1598). [A]
Memfite, a stone fattie and of diuers colours, in
curing or burning any member, it taketh away
sense and feeling without any danger (1598).
[M]
Memfíte, a stone that is fattie and of diuers
colours, vsed of Chirurgions in cutting of limmes and dismembrings, for it taketh away
sence and feeling without any danger (1611).
[M]
Menfite, a stone fattie and of diuers colours, in
curing and burning any member it taketh away
sence and feeling without any danger (1598).
[M]
Mennónia, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Mermácia, a kind of blacke stone full of rising
werts (1611). [M]
Merótte, a greene stone, which rubbed, yeeldeth
a milkish humor (1611). [M]
Mesoleuco, a blacke precious stone hauing a
white stroke in the midst (1598). [M]
Mesoléuco, a blacke precious stone hauing a
white stroke through the middest (1611). [M]
Mesomelo, a precious stone hauing a blacke
veine parting euery colour by the midst (1598).
[M]
Mesomélo, a precious stone hauing a blacke
veine parting the colours through the middest
(1611). [M]
Metallino, a kind of glistring stone so called.
Also of the colour of iron or other mettall. Also
made of mettall (1598). [M]
Metallíno, made of mettall, of the colour of mettall, namely iron. Also a kind of stone (1611).
[M]
Militíte, a kind of bloud-stone (1611). [M]
Mínio, a minerall found in siluer mines called
Vermilion, Minium or Sinople. Also limning
(1611). [M]
Miráce, a stone glittering foorth many colours
against the sunne (1611). [M]
Mirite, a kinde of yellow precious stone, which
rubbed with woollen cloth, yeeldeth a sweet
smell (1598). [M]
Miríte, a yellow precious stone, which rubbed
with woollen cloth yeelds a sweet smell (1611).
[M]
67
Mirmacíte, a stone with the forme of Pismires
creeping in it (1611). [M]
Mirmecia, warts in the priuie parts. Also a kinde
of blackish stone (1598). [M]
Mirrhíno, hearbe Robert or Doues-foot. Also a
kind of precious stone, or boxes made of it
(1611). [M]
Mirsiníte, a stone coloured like hony, and smelling of mirtle. Also a kind of Tithimale (1611).
[M]
Mitrace, a stone of the colour of damaske roses,
which laide in the sun, shineth of diuers colours (1598). [M]
Mitráce, a stone of the colour of Damaske roses,
which laid in the Sunne, shineth of diuers colours (1611). [M]
Mocónite, a kinde of stone like vnto Poppie
heads (1611). [M]
Molare, to grinde or wheele or turne about. Also
a mill or grinde stone. Also such a stone as
they make mill-stones of (1598). [M]
Moláre, to grinde, to wheele, or turne about.
Also a stone to make mill or grinding-stones.
Also a mill-stone (1611). [M]
Molochite, a kind of precious stone of a thicke
greene colour like to mallowes (1598). [M]
Molochíte, a precious greene stone of the colour
of Mallowes (1611). [M]
Monacuccie, the flowre of Galingale or Swordgrasse or Corne-flag (1598). [V]
Monacúccie, the flowres of Galingale, Swordgrasse or Corne-flagge. Also little Nunnes
(1611). [V]
Monocentauro, a fained beast like a horse and a
man (1598). [A]
Monocentáuro, a faigned beast like a horse and
a man (1611). [A]
Montone, a ram, a mutton or tup, one of the
twelue signes in heauen. Also a great hill or
68
heape. Also a kinde of sea fish. Also a kinde of
coine in Italy, a cub (1598). [S]
Montóne, a Ram, a Tup, a Mutton. Also one of
the twelue Signes in the Zodiacke. Also a cob,
a great hill or heape. Also a kind of Sea-fish.
Also a kind of coine in Italy. Vsed also for a
simple gull, or loggar-head (1611). [S]
Morione, a murrion, a helme, a skull, a headpeece, a caske. Also a kinde of stone. Also the
male Mandragora (1598). [M]
Morióne, a murion, a caske, a head-piece. Also
the male Mandragora. Also a kind of blacke
transparent stone (1611). [M]
Morocto, Morotto, a stone in Egypt, wherewith
linnen drapers make their cloth white (1598).
[M]
Morócto, a stone in Egypt wherewith they make
their linnen cloth very white (1611). [M]
Mucilage, a kind of strange beaste (1598). [A]
Muciláge, a kind of strange beast (1611). [A]
Múcula, a precious stone of the colour of an
Hart (1611). [M]
Muffri, a kind of beast like a shamoye or wild
goate, as Muffiono (1598). [A]
Mufiono, a kind of wild beast in Sardinia, coated
like a stag, and horned as a sheepe, which
makes the best Cordouan that is (1598). [A]
Murrína, a precious stone called a Cassidonie
(1611). [M]
Muscorini, muske grape floure (1598). [V]
Muscoríni, Muske-grape-flowres (1611). [V]
Musimone, a beast like a sheepe, but hath hairie
wooll like a ramme, engendred of a goate and
a ramme (1598). [A]
Musmóne, a kind of beast in Corsica and Sardinia, engendred betweene a Ram and a Goate,
very like a sheepe, with a shagge haire, more
lyker the haire of a Goate, then the fleece of a
sheepe, it is coated as a Stagge, and horned as
a sheepe, and makes the best Cordouane or
Spanish leather that is (1611). [A]
Nabíno, a beast called a Nabin, headed as a
Camell, necked as a horse, footed as a Boeuf,
full of white spots vpon a blacke groue (1611).
[A]
whose bones are so bigge that they are kept for
a maruell (1598). [A]
Neáde, a beast in Samos with so strong a voice,
that when it roreth, it shaketh the earth, whose
bones are so big that they are kept for a maruell (1611). [A]
Napee, flower nymphes (1598). [V]
Napée, Nimphes keeping among flowers (1611).
[V]
Nebrite, a kinde of precious stone (1598). [M]
Nebríte, a kind of precious stone consecrate to
Bacchus (1611). [M]
Narciso, the hearbe called white laus tibi, or the
flowre called a white daffodillie (1598). [V]
Narcíso, the hearbe White-laus-tibi. Also the
whit Daffodilly-flower (1611). [V]
Nígra, the name of a kind of Blazing starre
(1611). [S]
N
Narcissíta, a stone seeming to be distinguished
with veines of Iuy (1611). [M]
Naróna, a kind of wilde Flower-de-luce (1611).
[V]
Nasamonite, a stone of sanguine colour, with
little black veines in it (1598). [M]
Nasamoníte, a stone of a sanguine colour with
little blacke veines in it (1611). [M]
Nassio, a kinde of marble stone (1598). [M]
Nássio, a kind of Marble-stone (1611). [M]
Nastio64, any kinde of silke ribond. Also a signe
in heauen. Also the part of the ring whereinto
the stone is set, or a seale is grauen (1598). [S]
Nástro, any kinde of fine silke riband. Also any
fine knot, rose, or deuice made of silke-ribonds
as our women vse now to weare vpon their
heads and about them. Also the name of a
Signe or Starre in heauen. Also the part of a
ring whereinto the stones is set, or the seale
grauen (1611). [S]
Naxia, Nassia, a kinde of white stone (1598). [M]
Náxia, a kind of white stone (1611). [M]
Neade, a beast in Samos with so strong a voice
that when it roareth, it shaketh the earth,
Nílo, the famous Riuer Nilus. Also a figure of
Starres so called. Vsed also for Conduit-pipes
to conuey water into Cities, or Princes houses
(1611). [S]
Nilio, a stone like a Topace (1611). [M]
Nimfa, a nymphe whereof there be many sorts.
Also a new maried wife or brid. Also such ruffe
bands as are worne now a daies. Also the hollownes or voide space in the neather lip. Also
the cup of any floure by litle and litle gaping
and opening it selfe. Also among phisitions a
little piece of flesh rising vp in the midst of a
womans priuie parts, which closeth the mouth
of the necke and driueth colde from it. Also
yoong bees before they flie (1598). [V]
Nímfa, any kinde of Nimph, Elfe, or Fairie. Also
a Bride, or new maried wife. Also a thickeruffe-band, as women or effeminate fellowes
weare about their necks. Also the void space or
hollownesse in the neather lip. Also the cup of
any flowre, gaping and opening it selfe. Also a
little piece of flesh rising vp in the midst of a
womans priuitis, which closeth the mouth of
the necke, and driueth cold from it. Also the
water-rose. Also yong Bees before they can
flye (1611). [V]
Nimfaréna, a stone, resembling the teeth of a
water-horse (1611). [M]
Nisso, a starre in the firmament called in latine
Ingeniculum. Also the god of child-bearing.
Also the birth of a child, or a child-bearing
64
Probabile refuso per nastro, cfr. voce succes(1598). [S]
siva.
69
Nísso, the God of childe-baring. Also a childbearing or child-birth. Also a signe or starre in
heauen called in Latine Ingeniculum (1611).
[S]
Nizzola, a little beast much like a weesell. Also a
kinde of precious stone. Also an herbe (1598).
[A]
Nizzóla, a little beast like a Weazell. Also a
pible-stone. Also a kinde of hearbe. Also any
Filbird or Hazellnut (1611). [A]
Nodo celeste, or Celeste nodo, the signe Pisces.
Also those two places in the which the circle of
the moones motion, or of any other planet out
of the ecliptike, vsed also for the knuckles or
turning ioints in the back-bone or chine
(1598). [S]
Nódo Celéste, or Celeste Nódo, the signe in the
Zodiaike called Pisces. Also those two places
in which the circle of the Moones motion is, or
of any other Planet out of the Ecliptike. Also
knuckles or turning ioyuts in the chine or
backe-bone (1611). [S]
Ocra, Ocria, oker that painters vse. Som take it
for another kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Odialcáni, a kind of very precious stone (1611).
[M]
Offita, a kind of stone to build withall (1598).
[M]
Oleágine, a kind of precious stone of an oylie
colour. Also a kinde of yellow Grape (1611).
[M]
Olímpio, a flowre that turnes with the Sunne
(1611). [V]
Onice, an Onix or cornalin stone, which resembleth the colour of a mans naile. Also a kinde
of marble, whereof they were wont to make
cups (1598). [M]
Oníce, an Onix or cornaline-stone. Also a kinde
of Marble whereof they were wont to make
cups. Also a kind of shell-fish (1611). [M]
Notia, a precious stone falling down with showers (1598). [M]
Nótia, a precious stone falling downe with
showres (1611). [M]
Onichíne, a kind of peares. Also a kinde of little
onix-stone (1611). [M]
Nottifúga, night-flying. Also a little beast that
shines by night. Also the Moone when she
shines at night (1611). [A]
Onocentauro, a beast whose vpper part resembleth a man, and the neither part an asse
(1598). [A]
Onocentáuro, a beast whose vpper part resembleth a man, and the nether an Asse (1611).
[A]
Numídico, a kind of Marble-stone (1611). [M]
Numidino, a kind of marble stone (1598). [M]
Numidíno, a kind of Marble stone (1611). [M]
O
Obsiana, a kinde of bright stone that will change
his colour (1598). [M]
Obsiána, a kind of bright stone that doth often
change his colour (1611). [M]
Occhiétti, little eies. Also little eyletholes. Also
the Pinke-flowres (1611). [V]
Occhio di gatta, a kinde of precious stone (1598).
[M]
70
Onichipúnta, a kind of Iasper stone (1611). [M]
Onza, an ounce weight. Also a beast called an
ounce or cat of mountaine (1598). [A]
Opalo, a diuers coloured precious stone called
an Opale, wherein appeareth the firie brightnes of the Carbuncle, the shining purple colour
of the Amethist, the greene lustre of the Emeralde, all shining togither with an incredible
mixture. It is also called a Pedero (1598). [M]
Ópalo, or Pedéro, an Opale-stone of diuers colours wherein appeareth the firy brightnesse of
the Carbuncle, the shining purple of the Ame-
thist, the greene luster of the Emerauld, all
shining together (1611). [M]
Orióne, the name of a starre called Oryon
(1611). [S]
Ophicardellóne, a blacke stone enclosed with
two white circles or lines (1611). [M]
Orite, a kinde of precious stone, whereof there be
three kindes, one blacke and round, another
greene with white spots, the third yellowish
(1598). [M]
Oríte, a kinde of precious stone whereof there be
three sortes, one blacke and round, another
greene with white spots, and another yellowish
(1611). [M]
Ophióne, a beast in Sardinia, which some take to
be the Muffie, it is lesse then a Stagge (1611).
[A]
Ophiúco, a certaine starre or signe in heauen
(1611). [S]
Opocarpáso, a most venimous kind of beast
(1611). [A]
Orca, a great sea fish or monster, which is an
enimie to the whale. Also a kinde of precious
stone (1598). [M]
Órca, a great fish called a Whirlepoole that is
enemie to the Whale. Also a kind of precious
stone of foure colours, white, yellow, greene
and white. Also a kind of great vessell, or
earthen pot (1611). [M]
Orcaste, a precious stone, good against the falling sicknes (1598). [M]
Orcáste, a precious stone, good against the failing sicknesse (1611). [M]
Orfano, an orphan, a fatherlesse child. Also a
precious stone that glisters in the darke (1598).
[M]
Órfano, an orphane, a fatherlesse child. Also a
stone that glisters in the darke (1611). [M]
Ormesia, a kinde of red stone (1598). [M]
Ormésia, a kind of red precious stone (1611).
[M]
Orobace, the flowre called the pionie (1598). [V]
Orobáce, the Pionie flowre (1611). [V]
Orobe, kind of strangle-tare, choke-fitch, or
choke-weede. Also a kinde of pulse corne. Also
the flowre called pionie. Also a kinde of frankincense. Also a kinde of grasse-greene colour
(1598). [V]
Oróbe, as Orobánche. Also a kinde of Pulsecorne. Also a Pionie-flowre. Also a kinde of
Frankincense in little graines. Also a kind of
grasse-greene colour (1611). [V]
Oroméno, a kind of glistring stone (1611). [M]
Oromeno, a kind of stone (1598). [M]
Orsa, a she beare. Also a signe in heauen (1598).
[S]
Órsa, a she-Beare. Also a Signe or Star in
heauen called Charles-waine (1611). [S]
Oriete, a kinde of blacke stone (1598). [M]
Orige, a wild beast, a kinde of wild beast like a
goate, with a great horne, and his haires contrarie to others (1598). [A]
Oríge, a wilde beast in Egypt, like a Goate,
clouen-footed, with a great horne in his forehead, his haire contrary to other Goates, which
they say stands full against the Dogge-flarre
when it riseth, as it were, worshiping the same
by sneesing (1611). [A]
Orione, the name of a starre in the skie, called
Oryon (1598). [S]
Órsa maggióre, a Signe or Star called Charleswaine (1611). [S]
Órsa minóre, a Star or Signe in heauen neere to
Charles-waine (1611). [S]
Ossidiáno, the blacke Iet-stone (1611). [M]
Ossifraga, a kind of furious beast. Also a kind of
hauke or eagle called a bonebreaker; bicause
that with hir beake she breaketh great bones
(1598). [A]
71
Ossifrága, a kinde of Eagle or Hawke called an
Ospray or bone-breaker, because that with hir
beake shee hreaketh great bones. Also a kind
of furious beast (1611). [A]
Ostracia, or Ostracite, constancie, stifnes in
opinion, or a precious stone brittle like a shell,
and somewhat like the Agathe (1598). [M]
Ostrácia, a stone somewhat like an Agathe, and
informe of an Oyster-shell. Also obstinacie,
stiffenesse in opinion or stubbernesse (1611).
[M]
Ottalmo, a kinde of blue precious stone (1598).
[M]
Ottálmo, a kind of blew precious stone (1611).
[M]
P
Palilígio, the seauen starres that appeare in Iune
called the Hiades (1611). [S]
Palmáte, certaine stones that in their veines
represent Date-trees (1611). [M]
Pancro, a kind of many coloured precious stone
(1598). [M]
Páncro, a manie coloured precious stone (1611).
[M]
Panero, a kinde of precious stone which helpeth
women in their trauell, hauing it about them
(1598). [M]
Panéro, a precious stone which helpeth women in
trauell hauing it about them (1611). [M]
Pangónio, a stone like Cristall of the length of a
mans finger (1611). [M]
Pannizzuola, a toole that stone cutters vse
(1598). [M]
Pansebasto, a precious stone which taketh away
barrennes (1598). [M]
Pansebásto, a stone that taketh away barrennesse from women (1611). [M]
Pantero, a precious stone, hauing manie colours
(1598). [M]
72
Pántero, a precious stone of diuers colours
(1611). [M]
Panthera, a beast called a panther or a leoparde.
Also a net or haie to catch conies with. Also a
kind of fowling net. Also a kinde of many coloured stone (1598). [A, M]
Panthéra, a beast called a Panther. Also a net or
haie to catch foule or connies with. Also as
Pántero (1611). [A, M]
Pantide, a stone of some called Graida, for they
saie it bringeth foorth yoong ones euery three
moneths (1598). [M]
Pántide, a kinde of stone called also Graida, for
they say, it bringeth forth yong ones euery
three moneths (1611). [M]
Papaverale, wild poppie, which being subiect to
falling off doth soone loose his flower, some
call it corne-rose (1598). [V]
Papaverále, wilde Poppie, which being subiect to
falling off, doth soone loose his flower. Some
call it Cornerose (1611). [V]
Paralisis, an herbe with a golden flower, and is
the first signe of spring time, the primrose or
cowslip (1598). [V]
Paralísis, an herbe with a golden flower, which is
a signe of the spring-time, the Primerose, the
Cowslip, or Oxelip (1611). [V]
Parandra, a beast or birde of manie colours
(1598). [A]
Parándra, a beast or bird of many colours
(1611). [A]
Paranite, a kind of Amethist stone (1598). [M]
Paraníte, a kind of Amethist-stone (1611). [M]
Parastráte, stones set about pillers. Also as
Parastátiche (1611). [M]
Pardalio, a kind of sweete oyntment. Also a kinde
of precious stone speckled like a panther
(1598). [M]
Pardálio, a kind of oyntment anciently vsed in
Greece. Also a kind of precious stone speckled
like a Panther, and therefore so called (1611).
[M]
Parenite, a kind of Amethist stone (1611). [M]
Pario, a kinde of stone or marble (1598). [M]
Pário, a kinde of excellent stone vsed in building
(1611). [M]
Passacháte, a kind of Agate-stone (1611). [M]
Passernici, a kinde of white stones found in Italie
(1598). [M]
Passerníci, a kind of white whet-stones (1611).
[M]
Pátho, a very louely beautious flower (1611). [V]
Pátria d’hercole, vsed for a name of the Loadestone or Magnes (1611). [M]
Pavonio, a kind of stone which drunke with a
little sweate prouoketh loue and liking of him
that gaue it (1598). [M]
Pavónio, a kind of stone which drunke in wine,
and then sweating a little prouoketh loue and
likeing of him that gaue it (1611). [M]
Peantide, a kinde of precious stone of the colour
of frozen water (1598). [M]
Peántide, a kind of precious stone of the colour
of frozen water (1611). [M]
Pederetti, of some called Gemma di venere, a
kinde of stone, good against poison and drunkennes (1598). [M]
Pederíte, a beautious manie-coloured stone or
Opale, good against poison and drunkennesse,
called also Gemma di vénere (1611). [M]
Pédero, a precious stone called an Opale, vide
Opalo (1598). [M]
Pedoro, a precious stone or gemme in whitenes
next to the pearle or margarite (1598). [M]
Pegaso, a winged horse. Also a signe of starres
(1598). [S]
Pégaso, a Signe or Star in heauen so called. Also
a kind of bird that hath a head like a Horse.
Also a kinde of monstruous Horse that is
winged, and hath hornes in his head (1611).
[S]
Pentaura, a precious stone that hath the vertue of
all other stones, and will draw them also to it if
they be no bigger then the same. It shineth and
is of the colour of fire (1598). [M]
Pentáura, a precious stone shining and of the
colour of fire, which is said to haue the seuerall vertues of all other stones, and if they be no
bigger then it, it will draw them all vnto if selfe
(1611). [M]
Peperigno, a kind of black building stone. Also of
the colour of pepper (1598). [M]
Pephago, a beast in India as big as a horse with
a verie faire taile and fine haire (1598). [A]
Péphago, a beast in India, as bigge as a horse,
with a faire taile and fine haire (1611). [A]
Perileuco, a precious stone hauing a white thred
going downe from the very mouth to the roote
(1598). [M]
Periléuco, a precious stone with a white thrid or
streake through it (1611). [M]
Pernióne, a kind of blacke transparent stone.
Also a kibe on heeles, or chilblane on hands
(1611). [M]
Perséo, a tree like a Peare-tree, euer greene and
loaden with fruite good for the stomacke. Also
the name of a star or signe in Heauen (1611).
[S]
Persi fiori, peach flowres (1598). [V]
Persi fióri65, Peach-flowers (1611). [V]
Pesce, any kinde of fish. Also a signe in heauen
(1598). [S]
Pésce, any kinde of fish. Also one of the twelue
signes in the Zodiake (1611). [S]
Pésce austrále, the name of a signe in Heauen
(1611). [S]
65
Univerbato nell’originale (Persifióri).
73
Petilio, a flower growing among brambles in the
later end of sommer, like a wilde rose with fine
small leaues (1598). [V]
Petílio, a flower like a wilde rose growing
among brambles in the end of Summer (1611).
[V]
Phenegíta, a kind of costly stone vsed in costly
buildings (1611). [M]
Phenice, a bird in Arabia, a Fenix, or the quintessence of fire, or philosophers stone (1598).
[M]
Pheníce, the Fenix bird. Also the Philosophers
stone or quintessence of fire (1611). [M]
Phenicíte, a stone resembling a Date (1611). [M]
Pietra colombina, a kind of stone good to make
lime with (1598). [M]
Pietra colombína, a kind of stone good to make
lime with (1611). [M]
Pietra da aguzzáre, a whet-stone, a grindingstone (1611). [M]
Pietra da oglio, a whet-stone (1598). [M]
Pietra da óglio, a whet-stone (1611). [M]
Pietra d’arotare, a whet-stone, a grinding stone
(1598). [M]
Pietra focaia, a flint stone or any stone that will
strike fire (1598). [M]
Pietra focáia, a Flint or Fire-stone (1611). [M]
Phenióne, the Winde-flower (1611). [V]
Phicite, a precious stone, hauing the colour of
Alga (1598). [M]
Phicíte, a stone like Sea-weed or Lectuce (1611).
[M]
Phima, a little swelling like a fellon or bile, but
somewhat rounder and flatter. Also a certaine
beast, which if a man behold, it maketh him to
looke pale manie dayes after (1598). [A]
Phíma, a little swelling like a bile, but rounder
and flatter. Also a kind of beast, which if a man
looke vpon it makes him looke pale many daies
aster (1611). [A]
Phiséi, all maner of precious stones that be of
diuers colours (1611). [M]
Phlegonte, a precious stone hauing as it were a
flame of fire in it (1598). [M]
Phlegónte, a precious stone hauing, as it were a
flame of fire in it (1611). [M]
Phlogíno, a stone like the Ostracia (1611). [M]
Phosophoro, the day or morning starre. Also the
twy-light either in the euening or morning
(1598). [S]
Phosophóro, the day or morning star. Also the
twylight morning or euening (1611). [S]
74
Pietra phrígia, a kind of hollow lumpish stone
like a Pumish-stone (1611). [M]
Pietra póma, a Pumish-stone (1611). [M]
Pietra pomega, a pumice stone (1598). [M]
Pietra pómega, a Pumish-stone (1611). [M]
Pietra speculáre, Tale-stone or Glassestone
(1611). [M]
Pietra spugna, a kind of stones found in spunges,
which broken small and drunke breaketh the
stone in the bladder (1598). [M]
Pietra spúgna, a kind of stone found in Spunges,
which broken small and drunke in wine
breakes the stone in the bladder (1611). [M]
Pietra víva, a naturall hard stone, a flint-stone
(1611). [M]
Pigargo, a beast like a row-bucke. Also a bird.
Some take it to be the hearne, and some a
kinde of hauke hauing a white taile; other some
take it to be the eagle or faulkon of the second
kind. It doth keepe much in townes and fields
(1598). [A]
Pigárgo, a beast like a Fallow-deare or Roebueke. Also a kind of Hearne with a white taile,
numbred among Hawkes. Some take it for a
kind of Eagle of the second kind which keepes
in Townes and fields neere Townes (1611). [A]
Pilate, a kinde of white stone (1598). [M]
Piláte, a kind, of white stone (1611). [M]
Píno, a Pine-apple-tree. Vsed also for a ship.
Vsed also for a kind of flower (1611). [V]
Pióde, slate-stones to tile houses with (1611).
[M]
Piombaggio, a kinde of stone of the colour of
brasse. Also lead ore or earth, wherein is both
siluer and lead togither. Also a mine or veine
of lead and siluer. Also the herbe called Leadewoort (1598). [M]
Piombággio, a mine or veine of leade and siluer.
Also leade ore or earth. Also a kinde of stone
of the colour of leade. Also the hearbe Leadwort (1611). [M]
Piréne, a stone resembling the stone of an Oliue
and thereof so named (1611). [M]
Pirite, a kinde of marcasite or fier-stone which
being rubbed will burne ones finger (1598).
[M]
Piríte, a kind of marcasite or fire-stone, which
being rubbed will burne ones fingers, wherof
Mill-stones are made (1611). [M]
Pirois, the starre of Mars. Also one of the horses
of the Sunne (1598). [S]
Piróis, the Starre of Mars. Also one of the horses
of the Sunne (1611). [S]
Pirolo, a winding stopple of a flagon. Also a
pinne or a peg for an instrument of musick.
Also a play called nine pinnes or skailes. Also
a top or gigge to play withall. Also a kinde of
beast (1598). [A]
Pirólo, a winding stople of a flagon. Also any
woodden peg or pinne for an instrument of
musike. Also a top, a gig or twirle. Also any of
ibe nine pinnes or skeales to play with. Also a
kind of beast. Also a priming-iron (1611). [A]
Piropo, a precious stone called a carbuncle
(1598). [M]
Pirópo, a Carbuncle-stone (1611). [M]
Pirrhopecilóne, a kind of hard stone to make
morters on (1611). [M]
Pistríce, a kind of Whale-fish. Also a signe in
heauen like that fish. Also a shee-baker (1611).
[S]
Pithéte, blazing starres, Comets, or firie impressions in the firmament in forme of tunnes,
enuironed about with a smokie light, as in hollow (1611). [S]
Platicerote, a certaine beast that is armed with a
great broad horne (1598). [A]
Pleiade, the seauen stars about the bull (1598).
[S]
Pléiade, the seuen Starres about the Bull (1611).
[S]
Pogónie, blazing Starres that from the neather
part haue a maine hanging downe like a beard
(1611). [S]
Polegnia, a blazing starre, with a long streaming
or beame before it, like a beard (1598). [S]
Pólia, a stone with a graynesse in it, in manner
of a Spart (1611). [M]
Poliantho, the hearbe gould-cup, golden knap,
butter-flowre, or batchelers buttons (1598).
[V]
Poliántho, the Butter-flower, Batchelers button,
Golden-knap or Goldencup (1611). [V]
Poligrammo, a precious stone like a Smaragde
(1598). [M]
Poligrámmo, a kind of Iasper-stone with white
lines in it (1611). [M]
Politríce, as Polítrica. Also a stone with so small
veines in it as they seeme haires of ones head
(1611). [M]
Polizono, a kinde of precious stone with many
black circles in it (1598). [M]
75
Pómega, the Pumy or Pumish stone (1611). [M]
Pomice, a pumice-stone, a stone growing in the
sea, which is light and spongious and full of
little holes, vsed of scriueners to make parchment smooth (1598). [M]
Pómice, the Pumice or Pumy-ston. Vsed also for
a Sleeke or Smoothing-stone (1611). [M]
Pontica, a kinde of pale but verie bright glutering stone (1598). [M]
Póntica, a pale but glittering stone (1611). [M]
Póro, among Phisitions is the brawne or hard
thicke skin which ioyneth and fastneth vp the
breaking of gristles and bones. Also the singular of Póri. Also a kind of stone like vnto marble (1611). [M]
Pramnióne, a kinde of blacke transparent stone
(1611). [M]
Prasio, the herbe horehound. Also a kinde of
greene stone (1598). [M]
Primavera, the spring time of the yeere. Also the
flower called cowslips (1598). [V]
Prímo soláro, the first flower. Also the vpper
decke of a ship (1611). [V]
Priríta, the Marquesite stone (1611). [M]
Procióne, a Starre, called the fore-runner of the
Dog-starre (1611). [S]
Psarónio, a kind of hard stone to make morters of
(1611). [M]
Psice, a kind of beast hauing a voice like a man
(1598). [A]
Psicomántio, a beast with a voice like a man. A
place where inchanters call vp Diuells or Spirits (1611). [A]
Pulsatílla, the Winde flower or Passeflowre,
some take it for Blacke-helebore (1611). [V]
Pumice, a pumice-stone (1598). [M]
Prasmo, a kinde of fish. Also a kinde of greene
precious stone (1598). [M]
Prasoide, a stone of the colour of leekes (1598).
[M]
Prasóide, a stone of the colour of Leekes (1611).
[M]
Prassina, a kinde of precious stone, which if it be
where any poison is, will glitter with sparkes
like fier (1598). [M]
Prassína, a precious stone which placed neere
poison will glitter with sparkes like fire (1611).
[M]
Priíte, a stone named of the stocke of a tree,
because it will burne as wood (1611). [M]
Prima rosa, the flowre called the primrose or
cowslip (1598). [V]
Príma rósa, the Prim-rose flower (1611). [V]
Primaruóla, a woman that neuer had child, or
beast that neuer bare (1611). [A]
76
Putore, a stinke or ill sauour. Also a beast called
a fitch (1598). [A]
Putóre, a stinke or ill sauour. Also a beast called
a fitch (1611). [A]
Q
Quil, a kind of little beast like a firret (1598). [A]
Quil, a little beast like a Perret (1611). [A]
Quirino, a precious stone found in the hoopes
nest, which laide vpon a mans breast that
sleepeth, it will make him tel what he hath
done (1598). [M]
Quiríno, a surname of Romulus. Also a precious
stone found in the Hoopes nest, which laid
vpon a mans breast that sleepeth, it will make
him tell what he hath done (1611). [M]
R
Radain, a kinde of black stone (1598). [M]
Radámo, a kind of blacke stone (1611). [M]
Radiano, a bright black stone found in a cocks
head (1598). [M]
Radiáno, a bright blacke stone found in an old
Cockes-head (1611). [M]
ing vpwards, and is a great enemie to the Elephant (1611). [A]
Rangifero, a beast in Lapland as big as a moyle,
in colour like an asse, horned like a stag,
which they vse in stead of horses to draw their
chariots and are woonderfull swift in going,
for in a day and a night they will goe an hundreth and fiftie miles (1598). [A]
Rangífero, a Raine-deare, a beast in the
Northren could countries, of the bignesse of a
Mule, of the colour of an Asse, horned like a
Stag, wonderfull swift in going, for in a day
and a night they will goe a hundred and fifty
miles, they make them tame and vse them instead of horses to draw sledges and Chariots
(1611). [A]
Robino, a precious stone called a rubie (1598).
[M]
Robíno, a precious stone called a Ruby (1611).
[M]
Ranóncolo, a yoong frog. Also the herbe Crowfoote, Golden knap or Butter flower (1598).
[V]
Ranóncolo, a yoong Frog or Padocke. Also
Crowfoote, Golden-knap or Butter-flower
(1611). [V]
Raphio, a beast in shape like a wolfe, and speckled like libard (1598). [A]
Ráphio, a beast called a Hindewolfe (1611). [A]
Rododafne, a kind of tree in Candia which is so
venemous that it doth poison whatsoeuer it
toucheth, rosteth or seedeth, and hath a flower
like a rose, and a leafe like the Laurell or Bay
tree (1598). [V]
Rododáfne, a tree in Candia which hath a leafe
like the Lawrell or Bay-tree, and a flowre like
a rose, and is so venemous that it poisoneth
whatsoeuer it toucheth, seetheth or rosteth.
Also the hearbe Oleander (1611). [V]
Regolo, a petie King, a Kinglet. Also a Prince, a
Duke, a Kings Sonne or Nephew. Also a bird
called a Wren. Also a Cocatrix. Also a Basiliske. Also a Carpenters rule, squire or square.
Also a lath or splint. Also the hand, the stile or
index of a dyall or booke. Also the name of one
of the fixed Starres, and of the first Magnitude
(1611). [S]
Rósa, the flowre called a rose. Acqua rósa, rose
water. Also gnawne or fretted. Also a rowell of
a spurre (1598). [V]
Rósa, any kind of Rose, Acqua rósa66, Rosewater. Also a rowell of a spurre. Also the name
of a certaine blazing Starre. Vsed also for any
naturall spot or moule vpon a mans or womans
skin (1611). [S]
Rhaphióne, a beast shaped like a Woolfe and
speckled like a Libbard (1611). [A]
Rósa del mónte, the flower Pionie (1611). [V]
Rhodite, a stone named of the rose and of that
colour (1611). [M]
Rinocerónte, a great beast or monster called a
horne nose, hauing a horne in his snout bending vpwards, and is a great enemie to the elephant (1598). [A]
Rinocerónte, a great beast or monster called a
Horne-nose, hauing a horne in his snout bend-
Robrica, red-okre, or marking stone (1598). [M]
Rodanto, the flower of roses (1598). [V]
Rodánto, the flower of Roses (1611). [V]
Rodite, a kinde of precious stone of a rose colour
(1598). [M]
Rodíte, a precious stone of a Rose-colour
(1611). [M]
Rósa oltramarina67, the flower Holliehocke
(1598). [V]
Rósa oltramarína, the Holie-hocke flower (1611).
[V]
Rospo, a venemous beast called a toade (1598).
[A]
66
67
Univerbato nell’originale (Acquarósa).
Staccato nell’originale (oltra marina).
77
Rubrica, vermillion, red oaker, red-leade, red
stone, or ruddle. Also red writing (1598). [M]
Rubríca, Rudle, Vermilion, Red-leade, Redoaker, Red-stone. Also Redwriting, a Title, a
Chapter or Inscription of a booke of Law, so
called because that commonly they are written
in red Capitall letters (1611). [M]
Sagettário, one of the twelue Signes in heauen
called Sagitarius, as Saettario (1598). [S]
Sagettário, one of the twelue signes in the Zodiake called Sagittarius (1611). [S]
S
Sabrino, a kinde of venemous beast (1598). [A]
Sabríno, a kind of venemous beast (1611). [A]
Salamandra, the serpent called a Salamander, a
beast in fashion like a lizard full of spots;
which being in the fire it quencheth it and is
not burned (1598). [A]
Salamándra, a beast in fashion like a Lyzard full
of spots, which being in the fire doth quench it
and is not burned, called a Salamande (1611).
[A]
Saccofrago, a kind of stone of many colours
(1598). [M]
Sacodio, a precious stone of the colour of a
Iacinth (1598). [M]
Sacódio, a stone like a Iacinth (1611). [M]
Sacóne, a kind of Amethist stone (1611). [M]
Saetta, an arrowe, a dart, a shaft, a boult. Also a
thunderbolt. Also a signe in the firmament.
Also a certain herbe growing in the water, vsed
also for a lancet or fleame to draw bloud from
cattle and beasts (1598). [S]
Saétta, any kind of arrow, shaft, dart or bolt.
Also a thunderbolt. Also a lancet or fleame to
let bloud with. Also a Starre called the Shaftstarre. Also a certaine sharpe-pointed hearbe
growing in the water, called Arrow-head or
Shafts-head (1611). [S]
Saettipoténte, mightie or strong in shooting, or
arrowes. Also the signe Sagitarie (1598). [S]
Saettipotente, mightie in shooting or darting.
Also as Sagettário (1611). [S]
Saffiro, a precious stone called a Saphire
(1598). [M]
Saffiro, a Saphire-stone (1611). [M]
Sagda, a kinde of greene precious stone that will
drawe wood vnto it, which the Chaldees vse to
make fast to their hands (1598). [M]
Ságda, a kind of greene precious stone found
sticking vnto old ships which the Chaldees vse
to make fast to their hands, it will draw wood
vnto it (1611). [M]
78
Sagógno, a beast like a munkie called a Sanguine (1598). [A]
Salio, a kinde of stone that goldsmiths vse to
burnish gold with. It is good against sore and
running eyes but touching them (1598). [M]
Sálio, a burnishing stone. It is good against sore
or running eyes but touching them (1611). [M]
Salivária, an oyle-stone or Barbers whetstone to
whet his Razors (1611). [M]
Salpíga, a kinde of wild beast that poisons and
kils with hir looke (1611). [A]
Samio, a white stone good to polish golde. Also
made of earth (1598). [M]
Sámio, a polishing stone. Also made of earth.
Also an earthen pot (1611). [M]
Sandaracca, a bright red colour vsed of painters,
and founde in mynes of golde and siluer, some
call it red arsenike, or patis red, there is another kinde thereof made of ceruse burned.
Also a kinde of burning stone. Also a kinde of
gum. Also a kinde of honie-suckle hauing a
taste of honie and waxe togither (1598). [M]
Sandarácca, a bright-red colour that Painters vse
called Sandarach, Redarsinike or Patisred,
found in mines of Gold or Siluer, there is another kind of it made of Ceruse burned. Also a
kind of burning stone. Also a kind of gum. Also
a kind of honiesuckle hauing a taste of honie
and wax together (1611). [M]
Sandasiro, a kinde of precious stone hauing
golden drops in it (1598). [M]
Sandasíro, a precious stone like a Rubie hauing
golden drops in it, like fire sparkes (1611). [M]
Sandice, patisered or arsenike, a kinde of stone,
or colour made of ceruse and red okre burned
togither (1598). [M]
Sandíce, a kind of stone or colour made of Ceruse and red Oakre burned together called
Sandix-minerall. Some call it Patis red or red
Arsinike (1611). [M]
Sangenóne, a kind of Opale-stone (1611). [M]
Sanio, a kinde of marble stone (1598). [M]
Sánio, a kind of marble stone (1611). [M]
Santalo, a kinde of stone called a sanders (1598).
[M]
Sántalo, an Aloes-tree. Also a kind of stone
called a Sanders (1611). [M]
Sapíno, the Firre-tree of some called the Hornebeame tree or gentle Firre-tree. Also a kind of
pale-coloured Amethist stone (1611). [M]
Sarcione, a stone of a carnation colour (1598).
[M]
Sarcióne, a kind of precious stone. Also a fault,
flaw or scar in some Emeralds so called
(1611). [M]
Sarcofago, a stone that the Egyptians wont to
make tumbes of which in fortie daies will consume a bodie to ashes all sauing the teeth. Also
as Asio (1598). [M]
Sarcofágo, a stone that the Egyptians wore wont
to make tombes of, which in forty daies will
consume a body all to ashes, sauing the teeth.
Vsed also for a graue or sepulcher (1611). [M]
Sarda, as Sardélla. Also a kind of red soft precious stone much vsed in seales. Some take it
to be the Onix or Corneoll (1598). [M]
Also an Onix or Corneoll-stone much vsed in
seales (1611). [M]
Sardio, an Onix or Corneoll stone (1598). [M]
Sárdio, an Onix or Corneoll stone (1611). [M]
Sardónico, a kind of stone (1611). [M]
Sardónio, a kinde of stone resembling in the
vpper end a mans naile, vnderneath of the colour of the fish Sarda, called a Sardonix (1598).
[M]
Sardónio, a stone in the vpper end like a mans
naile, and vnder of the colour of the fish
Sardella, called a Sardonix (1611). [M]
Sassifraga, the herbe Saxifrage, growing in
stonie places, and is verie good against the
stone. Some take it for Goats beard, Star of
Ierusalem, Noone-tide or Iosephs flower
(1598). [V]
Sassifrága, an hearbe growing in stonieplaces,
very good against the stone called Breakestone or Saxifrage. Some take it for Goatesbeard, Star of Ierusalem, Iosephs-flower or
Noonetide (1611). [V]
Sásso vívo, a naturall hard stone (1611). [M]
Saturno, one of the planets called Saturne. Also
the mettall leade according to alchimists
(1598). [S]
Satúrno, as much to say, a perfect sower of man
kinde or founder of kindomes, the planet Saturne. Also Lead among Alchimists (1611). [S]
Sauríta, a stone found in a greene Lizards bellie
(1611). [M]
Savino, a duskie stone, which hauing any stone
put to it waxeth bright (1598). [M]
Savíno, a duskte stone, which hauing any stone
put vnto it, waxeth bright (1611). [M]
Scaióla, a kind of stone, lome, or mortar (1611).
[M]
Sardacháte, a kind of Agate-stone (1611). [M]
Sardella, a fish like a Pilchard or Sprat called a
Sardell or Sardin, eaten pickled as Anchouas.
Scarite, a precious stone hauing the colour of
Scaro (1598). [M]
79
Scaríte, a stone named of the fish Scauro, and of
it’s colour (1611). [M]
Schistone, a kind of stone of a saffron colour that
gold refiners vsein refining of gold. Some take
it for a kind of Alume, called Alum de Plúme,
thicke, hard, and massiue. Also the red bloodstone (1611). [M]
Scirio, a kinde of stone, which being whole
swimmeth vpon the water, and broken sinketh
downe (1598). [M]
Scírio, a kind of stone which being whol swimmeth vpon the water, and broken sinketh
downe (1611). [M]
Scithi, certaine stones which Poets saine to be in
Apollos diademe (1611). [M]
the ends of the cords to whip slaues and offendors with (1598). [S]
Scorpióne, a venemous worme called a Scorpion,
hauing seauen feete, and striketh with his taile,
euer fecking occasion to strike. Also one of the
twelue Signes in the Zodiake. Also an instrument of warre like a Scorpion that shooteth
small arrowes or quarels. Also the name of a
toole that toothdrawers vse to pull out teeth
with. Also a kind of Sea-fish or Lobstar. Also
the hearbe Aconite, or Libardsbane, hauing
seeds like a Scorpions taile very forcible
against the sting of Scorpions. Also a kind of
whip with plummets of leade at the ends of the
cords to whip slaues and offenders with
(1611). [S]
Scudaia, a beast creeping called a tortoise
(1598). [A]
Sciuro, a kinde of wilde beast (1598). [A]
Ségno acquatíle, the Signe Cancer (1611). [S]
Sclinite68, a precious stone which vpon white
shineth yellowe, and hath the image of the
moone in it, which encreaseth and waneth as
the moone in the firmament (1598). [M]
Scliníte, a precious stone which vpon white
shineth yellow, and hath the image of the
Moone in it, which encreaseth and waneth as
the Moone in the firmament (1611). [M]
Scoparégia, a kind of bramble or shrube to make
broomes or brushes of. Also a flower or hearbe
which some take for the yellow Yarrow (1611).
[V]
Scorpione, a venemous worme called a Scorpion,
hauing seauen feete, and striketh with his tayle,
euer seeking occasion to strike. Also one of the
twelue Signes in the Zodiake. Also an instrument of warre like a Scorpion that shooteth
small arrowes and quarels. Also the name of a
toole that tooth-drawers vse ordinarily to pull
out teeth with. Also a kinde of sea fish. Also a
kinde of herbe hauing seedes like a Scorpions
tayle, and very few leaues, which is forcible
against the sting of that venemous worme. Also
a kinde of whip hauing plummets of leade at
68
80
Cfr. n. 27.
Selenite, a precious stone wherein is a white
which decreaseth and increaseth as the moone
doth (1598). [M]
Seníte, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Seráffo, a Zaphir-stone (1611). [M]
Serotína, vsed for the euening star (1611). [S]
Sérpe, any kinde of serpent or venemous creeping beast or vermine that creepes vpon his
belly and not vpon their feete as snakes or adders. Also a limbecke or serpentine, called of
our distillers a double SS (1598). [A]
Serpe, any kind of Serpent or venemous creeping
beast or crawling vermine that creepes vpon
his belly and not one his feete, as snakes or
adders. Also a kind of Limbecke called a Serpentine or doubble ss (1611). [A]
Serpentina, as Serpentélla, a kind of ordinance,
bumbard or artillerie called a serpentine,
sakre or a base. Also a kinde of stone. Also a
kinde of winding limbecke or still called a serpentine or double SS, in English. Also as Serpentella. Also a kind of ring worme or fashions
in a horse or such creeping disease (1598).
[M]
Serpentino, serpentine, viperous, like or of the
nature of a serpent. A kind of arrow head made
like an adders toong. A kind of toole or instrument that anatomists and grauers vse. A kinde
of verie hard stone or marble (1598). [M]
Serpentíno, Serpentine, Viperous, like or of the
nature of a Serpent. Also creeping or crawling
and cranckling in and out. Also a kinde of arrow head made like an Adders tongue. Also a
kind of winding in strument or toole that
Anatomists and Grauers vse. Also a kinde of
very hard stone or Marble (1611). [M]
cause variance betwixt men that haue it about
them. Also vsed for the Magnet or Loade-stone
(1611). [M]
Sienità, a kind of marble stone about Thebes
heeretofore in great request (1598). [M]
Sienità, a kinde of Marble-stone about Thebes,
heeretofore ingreat request (1611). [M]
Siepe, as Siepa. Also a kind of stone (1611). [M]
Silenite, a kind of stone with many colours in it
(1598). [M]
Sileníte, a stone of very many colours (1611).
[M]
Settentrione, the north or northren wind, or
north part of the world, right against south.
Also the seauen stars of Charles wane (1598).
[S]
Settentrióne, the north part of the world. Also the
north coast or pole. Also the Northren-winde.
Also the seauen starres of Charles-waine
(1611). [S]
Sinnephiténe, a kind of stone white as milke
(1611). [M]
Sfinga, a beast called a Sphinx, hauing a face
and voice like a woman, and hand and feete as
a lyon (1598). [A]
Sinópico, of or belonging to the red stone
sinoper or ruddle (1598). [M]
Sfongio, a kind of stone that is very light and
spongious (1598). [M]
Sfóngio, a kinde of light spungeous stone (1611).
[M]
Sfrage, Sfragi, a greene stone, not transparent,
and printeth perfectly. Also a kinde of vermillion (1598). [M]
Sfráge, a greene-stone not transparent good to
make seales. Also a kind of Vermillion (1611).
[M]
Sinochitide, a kinde of stone that sorcerers vse
much to call vp ghosts (1598). [M]
Sinochítide, a stone by vertue whereof spirits
once raised may be kept aboue still (1611).
[M]
Siphio, a kinde of stone verie soft, but being
heate in oyle it waxeth hard (1598). [M]
Síphio, a kind of very soft stone, which heated in
oyle becommeth very hard (1611). [M]
Siria, the star Canicula, of which the Canicular
or dog daies are called (1598). [S]
Síria, the Canícula or Dog star, of which the
Canicular or Dogdaies are called (1611). [S]
Siriáno, a kind of beast that may be riden as a
horse (1611). [A]
Sicíte, a stone named of a Fig, and of that colour
(1611). [M]
Sirico, a colour mixt with sinoper and ruddle.
Also a kind of stone (1598). [M]
Siderite, the herbe wall sage, or stone sage. Also
a kinde of precious stone hauing power to
cause variance betwixt men (1598). [M]
Sideríte, the hearbe Stone-sage, Wallsage or
Parietario that Partridges loue to feede vpon.
Also a precious stone that hath the power to
Sirite, a stone found in the bladder of a wolfe
(1598). [M]
Sirítti, a stone found in a Woolfes bladder. A
kind of people without noses, hauing in place
81
of noses two little holes to breath at, and
crawling on two limmer legges (1611). [M]
Sirulúgo, a kind of beast in Sardinia (1611). [A]
Smarágdo, an Emerauld stone (1611). [M]
Smeraldo, a precious stone called an emerauld
(1598). [M]
Smeráldo, an Emerauld stone (1611). [M]
Smeriglio, a kinde of long wingd hauke called a
merline. Some take it for a sparowe hauke, and
some for a ringtaile. Also a kinde of hard stone
that will cut glasse, armourers vse to scoure
armour with. Also a kind of small shot or artillerie like vnto a base or robinet (1598). [M]
Smeríglio, a kind of long winged Hawk called a
Marlin, some take it for a Sparrow-hawke, and
others for a Ringtaile. Also a kind of hard
stone that will cut glasse called an Emerod
stone, Glasieri vse it to cut glasse, Armourers
and Frubbers vse it to scoure with. Also a kind
of small Ordinance or shot like a Basse or
Rabinet (1611). [M]
Smirice, a stone that glasiers cut glasse withall,
called an emerod (1598). [M]
Smiríce, a hard stone. Looke Smeríglio (1611).
[M]
Smírnio, a hard stone. Looke Smeríglio. Also
Louage or Parsoly of Macedonia. Also Alizanders hearbe (1611). [M]
Smírno, a hard stone. Looke Smeríglio (1611).
[M]
Smirro, Smirno, a hard stone that glasiers vse to
cut glasse with (1598). [M]
Smírro, a hard stone. Looke Smeríglio (1611).
[M]
Socamélo, the base or foundament of any stone
worke (1611). [M]
Solach, a kinde of beast in Tartarie somwhat like
a sheepe with a precious horne in his head,
which at the sounde of a drum will daunce
rounde so long till he fall downe, and so they
be taken (1598). [A]
82
Sólach, a beast in Tartarie like a sheepe with a
precious horne, which at the sound of a Drum
will dance round till he fall downe and so is
taken (1611). [A]
Sole, the sunne, the eie of heauen, the planet Sol.
Also of Solére, he is woont. Also golde according to Alchimistes phrases (1598). [S]
Sóle, the Sunne, the Planet Sol, the eye of
heauen. Also gold as Alchimists call it (1611).
[S]
Solíca, a slint-stone, a fire-stone (1611). [M]
Solisgemma, the Sunne-stone, yeelding raies
round about as the Sunne (1611). [M]
Spartháno, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Spartopólia, a blacke stone shewing gristly
veines in it (1611). [M]
Speculare, to watch in a high towre, to see far.
Also to espie, to contemplate, to premeditate,
to obserue, to consider diligently. Also a kind
of transparent stone like glasse, and was vsed
heretofore in stead of glasse. Also a looking
glasse maker (1598). [M]
Speculáre, to speculate, to espie into, to contemplate, to obserue or consider diligently. Also to
see afarre off, or watch from an high tower.
Also a glasse or talke-stone. Also a Lookeingglasse-maker (1611). [M]
Speróne, a spurre or pricke to make a horse goe.
Also the beake, snout, nose, or stem of a Ship.
Also an out-butting or shouldring in any for
lification. Also the hearbe or floure Monkshood, Larks-spurre, Larks-heele, or clawe
(1611). [V]
Sphragíde, as Terra sigilláta. Also a kind of stone
like the Iasper-stone (1611). [M]
Spica, an eare of corne. Also a cloue of garlike.
Also a signe in heauen, namely a bright starre
in the left hande of Virgo (1598). [S]
Spíca, any eare of corne. Also a cloue of Garlike.
Also a bright Starre on the leaft hand of Virgo
called the Eare of corne (1611). [S]
Spireóne, a kind of hearbe or flower (1611). [V]
Spódo, a kind of rugged stone, drosse or Cinders
found in bras furnaces vsed in medicines for
eies (1611). [M]
Spongite, a kinde of stone founde in a spunge
(1598). [M]
Spongíte, a spungie light-stone found in a
Spunge (1611). [M]
Stambecchi, a beast called a chamoy. Som take it
for a roe bucke (1598). [A]
Stambécchi, the hee Chamoy, a beast gotten
betweene a hee Goate and a Hind, dárdi, árchi,
spuntóni et stambécchi (1611). [A]
Stearite, a kinde of precious stone like to tallow
(1598). [M]
Stearíte, a kind of precious stone like vnto tallow
or grease (1611). [M]
Stecade, a kinde of hearbe or floure called cotton-weede, or sticados (1598). [V]
Stélla chiomáta, a blazing-starre (1611). [S]
Stella fissa, a fixed vnmouing starre (1598). [S]
Stélla fissa, any fixed or vnmoouing starre
(1611). [S]
Stélla poláre, the North-starre (1611). [S]
Stellione, a kinde of fish. Also a kinde of beast
like a Lizard, with spots in his neck like starres. Also an vpright piller, as Stela (1598). [A]
Stellióne, a beast like a Lizard with spots in his
necke like starres called a stellion. Also a kind
of fish called a Starre-fish, or Fiue-foote. Also
as Stela (1611). [A]
Sterpsicerote, a kind of wilde beast (1598). [A]
Sterpsiceróte, a kind of wilde beast (1611). [A]
Stibio, a paracelsian drug called antimonium or
stibium. It is a white stone found in siluer
mines good for the eies. It is also taken for a
kind of stuffe that women vse to make their
browes blacke and smooth with (1598). [M]
Stíbio, a whit stone found in siluer Mines good
for the eies, called stibium or antimonium.
Vsed also for a kinde of stuff that women vse to
make their browes smooth with (1611). [M]
Strombite, a stone in shape like vnto a strombo
(1598). [M]
Strombíte, a stone in shape like a Strómbo
(1611). [M]
Sucule, a number of starres called the seauen
starres, which appeare the 12. kalends of Iune,
and are called Hiades (1598). [S]
Súcule, the seauen Starres appearing in Iune
called the Hiades (1611). [S]
Suetino, a kind of yellow precious stone (1598).
[M]
Suetíno, a kind of yellow precious stone (1611).
[M]
T
Tabento, a kinde of spongious stone (1598). [M]
Tabento, a kind of spungious stone (1611). [M]
Tamendóa, a kind of beast in India feeding on
pisse-mires, which it takes by lilling out his
toong so long till it be full of them, and hath so
long and so bushie a taile, that he will hide all
his bodie vnder it (1598). [A]
Tamendóa, a great beast in India, that feedeth
onely on Pissemires or Emmets, which it takes
by lelling out his tongue so long vntill it be full
of them, and hath so long and so bushie a taile
that bee will hide all his body vnder it (1611).
[A]
Tanóse, a stone like an Emerauld (1611). [M]
Tao, a stone like a peacocke (1598). [M]
Táo, a stone like a Peacocke (1611). [M]
Tarando, a beast like a buffe, with head and
hornes like a stag, of a red colour, but will
change himselfe into the colour of the thing
that he toucheth or leaneth vnto (1598). [A]
Tarándo, a beast like a Buff, headed and borned
like a Stag, of a red colour, but will change
himselfe into the thing he toucheth or leaneth
vnto (1611). [A]
83
Tártaro, the lees or dregs of wine. Also a kinde of
grauellie stone growing fast to the inside of a
vessell where wyne is kept good for many purposes, and vsed of dyers, and in phisick, called
argall or argoll. Some late writers take Tártaro
to be the stone or grauell which is ingendred in
the reines of a mans body, as also the grauell
ingendred in the ioynts whereof the gout is
caused. Also a wood-pecker. Also a deepe
place in hell (1598). [M]
Tártaro, a kind of grauellie stone growing fast to
the inside of wine vessels vsed in Phisike and
for many other purposes called in English, Argall, Argall or Tartare. Some late writers take
it for the stone or grauell engendred in the
reines of a mane bodie. And also for the
grauell engendred in the ioints whereof the
Gout is caused. Also a deep place in Hell, or
Hell it selfe. Also a bird called a Woodpecker
(1611). [M]
Tassocáne, a kind of beast (1611). [A]
Tassopórco, a kind of beast (1611). [A]
Tatusia, a beast in India of the bignes of a hog,
with a scalie hard shell into which it drawes
his head like vnto a tortoise (1598). [A]
Tatúsia, a beast in India of the bignesse of a
Hog, with a skalie hard shell, into which it
drawes his head like a Tortoise (1611). [A]
Tauro, a bull. Also one of the twelue signes in
heauen called Taurus. Also a little bird being a
kind of finch, hauing a voice somewhat like a
bull. Some call it a Bittour (1598). [S]
Táuro, a Bull. Also one of the twelue signes in
the Zodiake so called. Also a bird that hath a
voice like a Bull. Some call it a Bittour. Also a
kind of Beetle breeding in the ground (1611).
[S]
Tecolito, a stone like vnto the stone of an oliue,
called the stone of India, and is good against
the colike and the stone (1598). [M]
Tecolíto, a stone like an oliue stone, and very
spungie, called the stone of India, good against
the stone-collike (1611). [M]
84
Tefrite, a stone hauing the figure of a newe
moone in it, of a blacke or ashe colour (1598).
[M]
Tefríte, a blacke or Ash-colour stone, with the
figure of a new Moone in it (1611). [M]
Telicardio, a precious stone of the colour of the
hart (1598). [M]
Telicárdio, a stone resembling a heart both in
forme and colour (1611). [M]
Telirrhízo, a stone whose bottome is white, and
all the rest Ash-colour (1611). [M]
Terióne, a kind of beast (1611). [A]
Testúdine, a Tortoise. Also any shellcrab, Crabfish, Lobstar, or any great Snaile, with a shell
both of land and sea. Also a shall-Toade. Also
the bellie of a Lute, or Lute it selfe, because it
somewhat resembleth a Tortoise shell. Also the
roofe or vault of a house consisting of two
arches, the one going crosse-wise ouer the
other. Also a warlike fence or engine made of
boords, couered ouer with raw hides, which
serued against fire and stones flung against
souldiers, vnder which they might safely assault the walles. Also a kind of target-fence,
which was a close holding and ioining together
of targets ouer-head, like a roofe, where- with
the foote-men being defended, did beare off the
thick shot of arrowes or slinging of stones.
Vsed also for any great Shield, Target,
Paluoise, or buckler. Also the name of a Starre
or Signe in heauen (1611). [S]
Theamede, a stone which contrarie to the adamant, putteth away iron from it (1598). [M]
Theamede, a stone which contrary to the Adamant putteth away iron from it (1611). [M]
Thelico, a stone like vnto an oliue stone, which
drunke breaketh the stone in the kidney (1598).
[M]
Thélico, a stone like an Oliue-stone, which being
beaten to pouder breaketh the stone in the kidneis (1611). [M]
Thephrite, a stone wherein is seene a new mone
upped with hornes (1611). [M]
Therionarca, an herb that if wilde beasts do but
tread on they become senceles and drowsie, it
hath a flower like a rose (1598). [V]
Therionárca, an hearbe with a floure like a Rose,
whereon if wild beastes do but tread they become drouzie and sencelesse (1611). [V]
Thiphóne, a kind of prodigious storme or tempest comixt with flashes and lightnings of fire,
the firmament seeming to open, some say it is a
blazing starre sembling fire, plaied or twisted
in maner of a wreath very grimme and hideous
to looke on (1611). [S]
Thirsite, a stone like vnto corall, which vsed in
drinke procureth sleepe (1598). [M]
Thirsíte, a stone like vnto Corall, which vsed in
drinke procureth sleepe (1611). [M]
Thóe, a kind of wilde beast, some take it for a
kind of very great Woolfe (1611). [A]
Thriaca, treacle, a remedie against poison. Also
of a viper or other cruell beast (1598). [A]
Thrácia, a kinde of blacke stone or Agath, which
being steeped in water, burneth, and sprinkled
with Oyle, it quencheth (1611). [M]
Tigre, a tigre, a wild beast of a wonderfull swiftnes (1598). [A]
Tígre, a Tiger, a most swift beast (1611). [A]
Tinnisone, a kind of beast with a very rough
skinne (1611). [A]
Tipha acquática, a flowre that flyeth away like
the downe of a thistle, called water-torch, catstaile, red mace, douch doune, marsh beetle, or
marsh pestle (1598). [V]
Típha acquática, a flower that flyoch away like
the downe of a thistle called Water-torch,
Cass-taile, Redmace, Dutch-downe, Marshbeetle or Marsh-pestle (1611). [V]
Tiréo, a stone of the nature of the stone Scirio
(1598). [M]
Tireo, a stone of the nature of Scírio (1611). [M]
Tirreno, a stone which being whole swimmeth,
but being broken euerie part therof sinketh
(1598). [M]
Tirréno, a kinde of stone which being whole
swimmeth, and broken sinketh (1611). [M]
Tivertino, a kind of stone to build withall. Also a
kind of marble (1598). [M]
Tlaguace, a kinde of wilde beast that carrieth hir
yoong ones in a pouch or bag vnder hir belly
(1598). [A]
Tlaguáce, a wilde beast that carrieth hir yengue
ones in a pouch or bag vnder hir belly (1611).
[A]
Tócca, a touch. Also a touching. Also a touchstone. Also tinzell cloath of Gold or siluer
(1611). [M]
Tocco, a touch, a feeling. Also touched, felt. Also
striken, smitten, blasted, inspired. Also a piece,
a scrap, a collop, a slice, or mammock, a cob.
Also a venie at fence, a hit. Also a nod, a beck,
a signe, a glance. Also a touch stone. Also a
childs play vsed in Italie (1598). [M]
Tócco, with a close o, a touch, a feeling. Also a
veny at fence, a hit, a stroake or knocke. Also a
stroke of a bell or clocke. Also a touch-stone.
Also a nod, a becke, a signe or glance at any
thing. Also a certaine childes play vsed in
Italie. Also touched or felt. Also hit or stroken.
Also belonged or fallen to ones lot (1611). [M]
Tofo, a kinde of sandie, soft, mouldring stone
(1598). [M]
Tófo, a kind of soft, sandy or mouldering stone
(1611). [M]
Tonaca, a coate or a iacket, or a sleeueles coate.
Also a petticote, or kirtle. Also a couer like a
pill, a rinde or a skin. Also a kinde of gilliflower. Also a coat that couereth the eie,
whereof there be fower sorts, the first Cornéa,
which is white and resembleth horne, the seconde Uvéa, which is like a grape kernell the
thirde Vitréa, a which resembleth glasse, the
fourth Christallina, which resembleth christall
in cleerenes (1598). [V]
85
Tónaca, any coate or iacket, a sleeuelesse coate.
Also a womans petcote or kirtle and vpper
sauegard. Also any couer like a pill, a rind or
vpper skin. Also a coate that coucreth the eie,
whereof there be soure sortes, the first Cornea,
which is white and resembleth horne, the second Uvea, which is like a Grape-kernell, the
third Vitrea, which resembleth glasse, the
fourth Cristallína, which in clearnesse resembleth Christal. Also a kind of Gillie-floure
(1611). [V]
Topatio, Topazo, a precious stone called a topace, of the colour of golde, and shining much
in thicke darkenes (1598). [M]
Topátio, a yellow stone called a Topace, shining
very cleare in the darke (1611). [M]
Tornasole69, the turnesole flower so called bicause it turnes with the sunne. Also changeable
silke (1598). [V]
Tornasóle, the Turne-sole flower, which turneth
with the Sunne. Also any kind of bright changeable silke (1611). [V]
Torríbolo, an incense-pan, a censer. Also the
name of a starre in heauen (1611). [S]
Trachinia, a stone that is kindled with water and
quenched with oyle (1598). [M]
Trachínia, a stone that is kindled with water, and
quenched with oyle (1611). [M]
Tragelafo, a kinde of wilde beast (1598). [A]
Tramontana, the north, the northern wind, the
north star. The sun set (1598). [S]
Tramontána, the North part of the world. Also
the Northren winde. Also the North star, vsed
also for the Sunne-set (1611). [S]
Trapese, herbe orach or golden flower (1598).
[V]
Trapése, hearb Orach or golden flower (1611).
[V]
Trico, a kind of stone that hath 3.diuers colours
in it, at the root it is black, in the middle sanguine, and at the top white (1598). [M]
Tríco, a kinde of stone that hath three diuers
colours in it at the root it is perfect blacke, in
the middle sanguine, and at the top white
(1611). [M]
Trigillita, a stone named of the Barblefish
(1611). [M]
Triglite, a fish called a mullet. Also a stone of the
colour of a mullet (1598). [M]
Triglite, a fish called a Mullot. Also a stone of
the colour of a Mullet (1611). [M]
Trigonóne, an hearbe or flower (1611). [V]
Trione, seauen starres being in the north, called
Charles waine (1598). [S]
Trióne, seauen starres being in the North called
Charles-waine (1611). [S]
Triórca, a kind of the hearbe Centory. Also a
kind of beast which is said to haue three stones
(1611). [A]
Triotalmo, a stone hauing the figure of three
eyes in it (1598). [M]
Triotálmo, a stone hauing the figure of three eies
in it (1611). [M]
Tuffo, as Tuffata. Also a damp or lothsome smell
comming out of some dungeon. Also a turfe, a
clod or lump of earth to burne. Also a kind of
blacke stone that is verie soft and mouldring
(1598). [M]
Tufo, a kind of soft crumbling or moldring quarrie stone to build with (1598). [M]
Túfo, a kind of soft, crumbling, or mouldring
stone to build withall (1611). [M]
Tulípa, a Narcissus flower (1611). [V]
Turchesa, a blue precious stone called a
Turkoise (1598). [M]
Turchésa, a blew stone called a Turkoise (1611).
[M]
69
86
Staccato nell’originale (Torna sole).
Tutia, a kind of medicinable stone or dust good
for bruses, called Tutie, which is the heauier
foyle of brasse that cleaueth and sticketh to the
higher places of fornaces or melting houses
(1598). [M]
nant. Also that is open to gripe and embrace.
Also a docke to build a Ship vpon. Also any
spot, specke, flecke, or freckle, namely in ones
face. Also the gray Miniuer beast, or Furre
(1611). [A]
Upetala, a kinde of speckled stone (1598). [M]
Upetála, a kind of speckled stone (1611). [M]
Vegentana, a kind of precious stone found in
Italy, of a black colour, mingled with white
spots (1598). [M]
Vegetána, a kind of stone found in Italie very
blacke, but mingled with white spots (1611).
[M]
Uri, a kinde of wylde beast like an oxe, a bugle
or a buff, as Uro (1598). [A]
Veientana, a kind of blackish stone. Looke
Vegentana (1598). [M]
Urina, vrine, water of man or beast, pisse, stale.
Also a kinde of wilde beast (1598). [A]
Vendemmiatore, a vintager, a vineroll, a vintner,
a maker of wines or a grape gatherer, he that
in haruest gathereth grapes to make wines.
Also the name of a star which appeareth the
third Nones of March (1598). [S]
Vendemmiatóre, a vintager, a vineral, a gatherer in of Grapes or wine haruest, a maker of
wine. Also a starre called the vintager or
Grape-gatherer (1611). [S]
U
Unicorno, the beast called an vnicorne (1598).
[A]
Ursa, a shee-Beare. Also a signe of the starres in
the north called Charleswaine (1598). [S]
V
Vacínio, the fruite of the great Bramble, a
Blacke-berry, a Whort or Whortile-berry, some
take it for the sweet Violet, the Garden-violet
or Marchviolet, others for the flowre of Hyacinthus or Crow-toes (1611). [V]
Váio, a beast called a Gray Miniuer. Also as Vái
(1611). [A]
Vanórsa, a starre called the Vanbeare (1611).
[S]
Vappóne, a kind of flying beast (1611). [A]
Vário, various, variable, diuers, different, vnlike,
changeable, mutable, vnconstant, sundrie,
flickering, of diuers fashions or sundrie colours. Also full of change or varietie. Also full
of spots, freckled, or speckled. Also a man
seene in diuers and sundrie matters. Vsed also
for the rich Furre, called gray Miniuer, or for
the beast that beareth the same. Vsed also for a
Trout, or Burne-trout (1611). [A]
Váro, crooked, bending, awrie, winding. Also
one that hath crooked legs bending inward.
Also crooked in conditions, diuers and repug-
Vénere, the day called friday. Also the goddesse
of loue, wantonnes, lust, or leacherie. Also
beautie. Also the day or morning star, lucifer
or venus. Also twilight or cock-shoote (1598).
[S]
Venere, the goddesse of loue, lust or wantonnesse and beawty. Also lust, luxury or lasciuiousnesse. Also beawty it selfe. Also the day or
morning star, called Lucifer or Venus star.
Vsed also for twylight or Cockeshut. Also the
day called Friday (1611). [S]
Veneriscríne, a blacke stone with red streakes
thorow it wauing as haires (1611). [M]
Virgile, the seauen starres about the bull (1598).
[S]
Vergílie, a Starre called the Broode-hen Starre,
they are seauen, and about the taile of Taurus
(1611). [S]
Vergine, a virgin, a maide, an vndefiled damzell.
Also a kind of tormenting iron to torture men
87
with. Also one of the twelue signes in heauen
(1598). [S]
Vérgine, a virgin, a maid, an vndefiled damzell.
Also one of the twelue signes in the Zodiake.
Also a kind of tormenting iron to torture men
with (1611). [S]
Vernice, varnish. Also a kind of binding silken
lace or riband. Also a kind of white stone
(1598). [M]
Verníce, any kind of varnish. Also a kind of
white stone. Also a kind of binding silken lace
or riband (1611). [M]
Vesperugíne, the euening starre (1611). [S]
Véspro, the euening, euen, euening tide, afternoone, or euening. Also euen song or euening
praier. Also the euening starre Lucifer or Venus (1598). [S]
Vespro, an euen, an euening, that is to say the
immediate time after the sun is set. Also euen
song or euening praier. Also the euening star
(1611). [S]
X
Xanthéne, a precious stone like to Amber (1611).
[M]
Xánto, a whitish stone, the ground wherof is of a
yellowish tauny (1611). [M]
Xifio, a fish called a sword fish, hauing a beak
like a sword. Looke Pesce spada. Also comets
or blazing stars in the aire appearing like
swords or gleaues. Also an herbe called Stinking-gladen or Spurge-woort (1598). [S]
Xíphie, blasing Starres short and sharppointed
in the top, shaking and brandishing like a
Darte, and very swift (1611). [S]
Xistióne, a kind of precious stone (1611). [M]
Z
Zaccaria, fiore di zaccaria, the flowre called blew
bottel (1598). [V]
Zaccaría, Fióre di Zaccaría, the flower called
Blue-bottle (1611). [V]
Vibone, the flowres of the herbe Britannica,
which being eaten before thunder, are thought
to keepe men from feare of lightning (1598).
[V]
Vibóne, the flowers of the hearbe Británica,
which being eaten before it thunder, are
thought to keepe men from feare of lightning or
thunder (1611). [V]
Zaffiro, a kind of hauke with yellow feete and
legs. Also a precious stone called a saphire.
Also a kind of fish of the kind of the gilthead
(1598). [M]
Zaffiro, a precious stone called a Saphire. Also a
kind of hawke with yellow legs and feet. Also a
kind of fish of the kind of a Guilthead or Dorci
(1611). [M]
Vióla, a flowre called a Violes. Also an instrument called a Violl or a Violine. Also a violl of
glasse. Also a violet colour (1598). [V]
Vióla, a flowre called a Violet. Also a Violet
colour. Also a Viollglasse. Also an instrument
called a violl or violine (1611). [V]
Zaffora, a kind of soft crumbling stone or minerall (1598). [M]
Zaffóra, a kinde of soft and crumbling minerall
oare or stone (1611). [M]
Zafiro, a precious stone called a saphire (1598).
[M]
Vióla biánca, the stocke Gillo flowre. Also the
white Violet (1611). [V]
Zaldone, a kind of flowre (1598). [V]
Vivuólo, the stalke of gilly-flower. Vsed also for
a gilly-flower (1611). [V]
Zaldóne, a kinde of flower. Also any kind of
Wafer-cake (1611). [V]
Vomíca, a red stone that yeeldeth quicksiluer.
Also quick-siluer. Also a certaine Indian nut.
Also as Vomíci (1611). [M]
Zathene, a kinde of stone like to Amber, now
blacke, now yellow (1598). [M]
88
Zathene, a kinde of stone like Amber, now
blacke, now yellow (1611). [M]
Zebra, a goat or a kid, but properly a kind of
wild beast as big as a mule in India (1598). [A]
Zebra, a Goate or a Kid, but properly a wilde
beast as bigge as a Mule in Indie (1611). [A]
Zelamina, a kind of precious stone (1598). [M]
Zelamína, a kind of precious stone called a Zelamin-stone (1611). [M]
Zemiláce, a kinde of stone greenish in the midst
(1611). [M]
Zesso, white chalke or marking stone (1598).
[M]
Zesso, white Chalke or Marking-stone (1611).
[M]
Ziazaa, a kinde of stone, which will make him
that hath it see strange visions in his sleepe
(1598). [M]
Ziazáa, a kind of stone which will make him that
hath it see strange visions in his sleepe (1611).
[M]
Zigrite, a kinde of whitish stone (1598). [M]
Zigríte, a kind of whitish stone (1611). [M]
Zirite, a stone which worne about ones necke
stancheth blood (1598). [M]
Zirite, a stone which worne about ones necke
stancheth blood (1611). [M]
Zoronosio, a kinde of stone found in India, much
vsed of sorcerers (1598). [M]
Zoronísio, a stone called the Magitians gem
(1611). [M]
Zuzzos, a kind of beast like a conie which carrieth hir yoong ones in a bag that hangs at hir
belly, they be good to eat (1598). [A]
Zúzzos, a kind of beast very good to eat, fashioned
like a Cunny, which carrieth hir yongue ones in a
bag that hangs at hir belly (1611). [A]
89
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