APPENDTX A

316
The Jews ol Colasne
For the liquidation of Jewish life in cermany
continues space. Itr March 1938 the Jewish commrmities ceased to be legally rccogÍized as indepedent corpomtions, a status for which they hsd
struggled so long. November 10 witDessed the
burning and desbuction of the synasosues. The
orssnization ol the Jews of Gernany (n"irÀsrrrbetuns det Jud.n i.n DcurschhnQ has become the
"Union of the Jews in Germany" (Rcich:uednì.suns)
in which are included and centralized aII Jewisb
orgaDizations. Every Jewish conmunity acts merely
ss the local ofrce of the centEl orgsnizatio& its
.hiel a.livity being lhe hasleoing of Jewisb eEi$a-
Will tle Jewish community oI Cologne ever nse
again? A statement of tle lftdrasn may well
conclude tlis history of tùe oldest Jewish com-
nuity
on German
roil. It
is a statement tÀat may
apply wittr equal cogency to the history oI tLe
entire Jewish people, "'TLe su]ì rise!; the sun
sets;'one should add that it setl in order to rise
egaiú."
APPENDTX A
BY-Laws of, TEE JEwrsE CorÀrurlrlt
or CoLocNr
K
20ti Vdd,níoi,., Yc*
O.rob.r
15 Múh.'húM" 5562\
12, 1801.
The meeting Leld this day by us ttre undersigned
for the puryose ol discussins the establjshEent ol
a communal coDstitution, was dready nentioned
on Sunday, 13 Tishi 5562 (Sept€mbe! 20, 180r) in
the act ol el€ction of Cantor Seligmann Ochs of
I-echenich. In comequence, Chief Rabbi Bunem
has b€en invit€d here in order that whatever is
decided upon may Èave the sppmval of oul teeche!
as well as be in consonance with Lalr. It was
a$eed in the ffrst place ttrat aI articles whìch
arise for discussion shaù be decided upon in the
following order: Í the majorìty ol the t xpey€rs
arc of one and the same opiÈion with regald to sny
article, that a.dicle sh8ll obtoin full power and
foree in accordance wìth the decisioo of lhe bajority of the people taxed, the other opinion being nùù
and void. Il, however, tbe majority of th€ people
ta-{ed arc of divided opinion with rcgard to the
e icle i]l question, the opinion of the above-naned
Chiel R"abbi shall decide: it shall remain in amordarce with bis view, ond shall receive recognition
318
The Jeus ol Colisnz
as being
fuU force. As long as tle regtlarions
-ia
adopted by t"be presert a$embly are DoL chang€d
by u3 on account of tùe conditions of tùe rroe or
the need of intemal revision, every newcomer anal
settler sha.ll remain bourd to observe tle same.
Should he wart to exclude himself frcm ally parr
of ttrese regulations Àe sha.ll have neither pat nor
clain in the
business tlamacred by rù; Jewish
cotnmuoity. No oDe shalt grant him any s}'lusogue
Donors, and be shau oot be invited to tle readbs
of tle Torah.
First: It È decided, by tte expression ot tle
maiority.f tùe taxpayem. agaiD to ratify t5e satery
oî tòe sbove-laDed canl,or. and to sive biln iu
addidon wh&t€ver ea.h volùntarily cont ibut"" to
hin. This payment is binding for à period of three
years. This ;s included ùere becaus€ ir was torgottetr iù the act mertioned above. Aìso thc cxeutive board rùaù pmvide hi.tr with s r€gularly
€recuted certiîcate as cantor.
Second: Eacù individua.l shall freelv bind himse[
in accondance witl tle Iollowirs exDlanaljon to a
yea y cootrib'rtion to ttre Jewì;h càmrounìLv and
otler rcligious needs lor a penod of thrte years.
Earh one may bid for a* many synagogue honors
every yea.r as his contribution wanants, By this is
urderstood tlat rho€ver bids a tota,l ahourt above
his contribution hust p&y tùe remojnder to tle comhural hessury, rnd whoever bids ìers theù hb anrlusl
cookibutioo. shau Deverttreless pay the obligation
Awenàíces
3r9
Hm
Solomoì Opp€ùc;n, ,3 Rtt.: notrrbly t Rrt. E5 suy€.r,
Wolf Ceel, 9 Rtl-; moùtbly 1 Rtl, 45 srivds.
HeF Slhùel Coleù, I Rrl.: Dotrrùly I RìI. !ró sùv€E_
g€F Jo*l Muelh€ib, I Rtl.; boDrbÌy r
Rd, 4ó stiv€n
Il€r Josl Dàhl€n, 6 Rtl,; nolruy I Rrl. 30 sriv€B.
H@ Hnz PÚi$ 6 Bil.; noDthly I Rrl. 30 stiye.s.
Udr S&Dùel the Lvit., 5 Rtl. 24 5r.i nonthty t Rtl, 27 stivers,
HeE Aúshel Walldsreb,5 Rtt. 24 st.; moùthb 1 Rtt. 27 sriyds.
IIe.r Isaéc Mo€d€r.tù, 4 Etl. 30 5t.i nonrtly 1 Rrl. 22X srive.s.
Hùr Seùwq 4 Rtl. 30 3t.; nonrbly 1 Brt. 2!% s!ie€È.
E€F Su€$Lind, 4 Rtl. 30 lt.; bolrhly 1 Rrl, 22li riras.
Een MaJe Brú€lÌ1, 4 Rtl, 30 sr,: moDrhly I Rrl, 22r? suv6,
Eh Abrahob EoU&Ddq, 4 Rtt., 30 !r.: borrhlr 22r srreqs,
E.n WÒll w.slirs.D, 4 Rtt., 30 sr.; bortùlr 2:r sriesr.
B.h Mo*s F@Hud, J RU., 30 rr.; boDrbly t5 sìr,e,r.
E F Ksufnù! Hei,letb€rs.3 Rtl,, 30 it.: norrhly to rredr
IJh Eli,e Pùkio,3 Rtl,,30.t.i Eotrtìly li lrieers.
H€È NaùaD Neuwi.d, 3 Rrl., 30 sr,i Doblhtr li sriv(,,.
Iìm
Notice: This contribution, as well as the anouìt to
b€ paid to the cartor, rùust be paid bv each individual to the executive boaFd oo
auv ot U"
New Moon, Should s.nyone default """t
oD ttrcesucessive months, tle executive board, tlroueb tle moutÀ
ol ttre caùtor, shsll place hin under syragogle boycon unu he pays h;s debt.
Third: In view of tùe fact that certain ùdividuals
have nade a.dvances of money, and that for the
erction of the prayerbouse and of the cisrertr ol
tùe ritùsl ba1h, aDd for whst work ltrust still be dooe,
tàe congregation owes tle workmen a sum totalina
200 Rtl., it is considered advisabte to se rhe sears
of the house of plsyer to tàe highest bidders among
320
Awend.iaes
The Jeus oJ Cologne
obove-mentioned individuals in accordaiìce $ith
ttre order mentioned above. The followins a.re the
reguletions I tLe bidder for a seat, by which is meant
one seat in the nen's part of the prayer-hoNe and
one in the wonen's part, shall pay onc-third of the
price witlin eight days, and reccive a receipt from
the executive board. For lhe othc. two-thi s he is
tle
to be gaùted thrce successive terms oI payment,
half a year apat. $'ithjn this period of tine, he
shaÌl pay the balance to the executive boa.d, It i3
self-€vident that tÈe executive board is enpovered
to urge Md compel payment by those who are m
Fourth : I\'henever, sooner or later, our provisional
syDasosue is erected in anothe. house, or if ever we
build a pemanent synasogue wherc more s€at! wiìl
be avaiÌable. the Dresent membeÉ snd their hei.s
shall have the right to .etain tle same oder with
resard to the seats botì of men and of women wLenevir such seats shall be up for sale. The same rule
shall hold in the matter of the seats not yet sold
at tle present tirìe which are to be put on sale some
time in the future. Moreover, as long as the community still has places in tle synagogue which are
subject to sale or rcntal, no posressor of a place nay
pemit another member of ttre community, vhether
he be married or unmanied, or any person doniciled
here, to occupy his pìace. Such people are er"ected
to reút a place for thenselves. Nfembers ol the
€oúllunity or private ownels of seats may not s€ll
thei. seats to a non-member.
FftÀ: Seats in the prayer-hall
a.re sold
on tlese
B2t
e,.?ress coùditions:
Wloever now or ot soEe future
rrDe purcbasft a seat for ùimself is not perEir
t€d to
ass,sn,t to his cùjìdren or ro anyoni eise *s an
Ìntrenrance,, lo. seu ft or to give it in ptedge
for a
cr€br. sboutd he laÌl ;nto debt, no onè shall
have
lne ngbr Lo.dispose of hb sest as loDg as l.ùe oeDer
ow€r somerbrng to tbe community, úo mafier
how
irrue., ryhoever wants to have t_he dght to
dispos€
or sucn a seat mùst previoìrsly psy the debts
whch
rts ovrer owes to tÀe commuÌity to th€ very
last
peDny.
rhe comTunlry sha[
r by najoriry
..^:l1tll
-appoin
vjlé
tbr.ee,EpFseDtatives lor the
purpose ot supervrs'og sI rbe above-meotioned msttérs
as weu a.9the
joco?e,.
aod oiher com_o'llar
:lryll,".*",
oorD.w hrn aod outside of tùe slnagogue.
anabs,
The com_
muD[y oees them obedieoce (Ge,to,sarn). I\hoever
rlen. fa majority
or rDerr number votes to that efiect, to the
extent
oI | |ru. or teqs. Tbey may use a[ possibte nerhods
m mmper payment of such a fine. Thev are also
p.emrtted. to.incu-r iregutar erpenses
up to E Rll.,
ù tDe majorily ot tùee vote lo favor.
But if the
ependrture- exceeds 5 Rtl.. theD the nanes
ot aU
Dembers
Úe
commùnity
shalt
plared
be
into
a-roîLery, -or
box., aEd-tle csaror, acting aì inparrlal
arDrter..sbalt draB four (a) nanes. These
tour shall
rDen lorD thèlrl.etves to rbe executive
board of tbe
co-m.DuDrty. and wbateve. is agFed
upoD by a maJ^Îl:{ I1!" ., lh* :",eD, nust be a(.eprj by the
eDLrre comounjry. Arrangements
lor rhà exertise of
commuoar fu[ctions shau be made
by tbe repreopposes Lìem,may bepurtished by
322
1'ttt Jeu's uJ Cotogrc
sentatives as scems best to tàem. No one is enpow€red to give them any orders in such matters.
The cantor must rcndcr them obedience in aI com-
munal and synagogue matters.
Seveotb: Now aq in the furure all cyùsgogue s.ats
lnu.l be enle|ell by the cantor and 6v the rrus,ces
in a connmunity book anansed for this purpose. The
cantor's payment for tlis service shall be: for sears
along the easterD side of the men's pe o{ thc prayerhall, as well as of the \romen's part, 6tt€"n
and {o. all other seats ten stivers per sear"ti;en,
in the
Inen's port and one stiver per seat in rhe women's
pa . |\'hatever is trot entered in ttre cantor's own
hand and with his sìgnature is null and void.
Eighth: Everything possible shall be done to mprove our house of prayer so tlat oul existence Èere
nay be rendered more fortulnte. ln the Élst Dlace.
a Holy AfL sball be acquired along r;r.tr Scró s a"
coDmunrl property. as is only right and proper, for
the lutÉllment ol tbe law iD cotrnection *iLì prayer
me€tinss conducted by ten nen. Iù order to echieve
this, it is hereby ordained that whoever is catled up
to the Torah on n€eklays shall owe one half a
stiver, on New Moon days or Sabbath sfte ootrs
one stiver, on holidays and on New Years and tle
Day of Atonement three stivers. This shall hotd
for rcsidents as rel as stlanseÈ whet]er the one
called up requires a praye. of benediction to be said
for him or not. In any prayer of benedicrroD a,]ly
man may stipulate his gift, announcing that he makes
it lor tLe purpose ol wdting a Scm[ of the Law.
$ boever pledg€s more will gain the blessinss of
328
Heaven. It is clea y set forth tùat. such money
lhalÌ trot be used for anv other conmunaÌ need in
àny q'ay at all, but shall be placed in a box set
aside for this one pùrpose. This anansenent shall
continue until tle communily ùa\ in ils 1,"*c,-ion
"
three Scrolls of the Larv. Iî anyone movcs away
from here either beîore or alter such a time, neilù€r
he nor his heirs shall have the slìshtest rishls,
dcnands or clains, either upoD the money collecled
for this purpose or upon the Scmll!. Rathc. these
shall renain inpossession of the commùity members
who continue to live Lere unto all eternity. Hosever,
Samùel Cohcn, in view oî tLe fact that he mùst
always be called up to the Torah ffrst, is excluded
from tle above article to this extent that for e\ery
nonth he need pay only four stivers, and fo. the
nonths of Nissan and Tish twice as nuch, namely
eisht stivers. The sane piviÌege shall b€ extended
only to any one otler foÀrn sho noves hele and
is accepted by the community. But shoùld a trumber
oî Kohanim nove into the cornmunity, tLey shall
be treated liLe any otber residents.
Nintà: For.easons of propriety and law, ca.e mùst
be taken that the moming prayers on \fondays and
Thursdeys, as w€ù ss the evening prayer
of the
Sabbath, sLaU be conducted in tle p.esence of ten
men. For tle p.esent, Èowever, especially lor tùe
witrter season, no rcgulations a.e to be made, but
only for tìre summertime, thet is for the days between
Passover and the end of the Sukkot I'east. In order,
howeve., to avoid conflicts it is herc clearly stated
tlat tùose who reside at a ereat distance from tlìe
32{
The Jeus oJ Cotogne
325
slnagosue sha Dot bave any 6ne imposed
upon
rnoreovcr. as an rsractire no one qi rrear
l::m.
mF marref rrghtry! bur qill coDsidé. carefu
y rhat
rs mcanr by drst3nr. Atso. if onc ot
lhosè who are
nor genera y recognized as fe\idins
a disrance
raÌrs ro pfly a_/l/icrsl/ld/,f every hatf ar
yesr, he .baI
r_brs rcgutarion, e\cepl when
one of rhe
DouseDordeN oèseNes the aDtriveFary
ot a dearh,
leo men outsiJe of th..aoror slal bc cbo+n
ano
in tr,e morniDa.
"Jrasoguc
n:Tll1"l
l::9T"1"'ùe
une vn-o ooes not. dsjre to comc io th.
sJ uagogùe
DLay pro\r.,e, at.his,oRî e\pense,
a lt ]cai otd úoy
roined ro rbos lccirins rhc pfryers.
Ì::.3.1.r",
drsobcying tbis resìrtar;on ii subj;cr io
a
^-nyone
nnè
ot tcn,nrvqs Íor thc comnrubiLy trea.ury.
even
tr ren
bad.becn gathercd q ithout him.
Tbe\ame
.égìrk1'on
-mcn shal prva;t in thé case
of s Jearb, rhar
auÌmg LDc scveE days of mourningpmyers
bc rccircd
by r€n meù in rle bomc of rhe m;;o;rs ar rea5r
on
| burs.tay mominss. tr would bc
more
Ì,..""1I 1_"1
oferaDrc
thc regutar prryérs coutd bé rccited in
Ttrc nou\e or the
Doumer on thc morning ol each uf
rtre.scven.ùays. t rom thh regulation Do oDc.bosen
Dy rot shatt be excuserl_
Tcnlh:.lo.tbc matref of eompuhory \v,,asogùe
,honors.
wb.rhefon sabb-arb" or ,;.k,lai., i h"
"y"a_
ao8ue nr?s.t Lrcurz shatì be lùé rires fo owcd.
.\tr onìrDrs slral be referred
Lo tbe cantor
ol that
EIelenlh : \\ e ha\ c rtso dccid(,,1 anJ ac.epretJ
rt,cr
anloné qho comcs bùe fronr aDotlcr pts.e
witb rhc
object or se line here. or atryoDe vh;
marries here
I
I
:
and desires to become a member of the community,
shall not be accepted without the payment ot an
initiatiotr fec. The executive board plus four nem-
b"rs of the community .hoq"o îor lbis purpo.e by
lol shsll deDrand lhis of him in ac.ordance with the
conditions of the time and Lis orvn position. Should
tlìe executive boàrd along with these four members
not aùive at a satisfactory arrmgememt $ith such
a màn, the comnunity is expected, ;f he so rcquests,
to choose four otho mernbers from its .anks, and,
as articlc 6 abov€ sets fo.th, to follow the decision
of lhe majority. The nan in question, ì,o$e!e.,
must deposit a hlrlî CarcLín $ith the execurive
boa.d. Should he rcfùse to abide by what is ;nposed
upon him by the ùìajority, the half Cdfolin shall so
into lhe community treasùry. The same procedure
shall be loìlowed when the ereculiv€ board refuses
to acccpt an applicant and one menber of the comnunity is chosen at his .equest. He must theD also
dcposit a half CaÌDliz.
îwelfth: And, 6nally, s'e havc all unanimously
acc€pted as our mbbi the ChiefRabbi of rhepÌovince
of Cologne, Hclr lìunem. lYe hàre yoted ùim an
annual sala.y alons with certaitr incones frorn weddinss and thc like, as has been custoDa.y in the
tcrritories of Cologre jn the past. It is also clearly
exp.cssed thàt no one may be accepted into the
coDmunity who has rccertly ma..icd either here or
in another place without having rcceived an authorizrtion to màrry from the rabbi, and without having
paid the stipulated contribution oî 4 Ràchsth0,leÌ
aDd 1 stiver.
326
The
Jrut
o! Cotasne
AppenÀias
, JtiÍ*îF,tvirh-regaÌd ro rie conE'unar cisrem
L._-"-îlÌ",.p"g:"""! +embef has rhe ffe€ us€ or it,
ll"jL\i"" p" "lip*a aue to the uife of the canrof,
pre3€nce of everyoEe, so tbat
DlmserÌ by pleadrng jgromnce.
as.ou lnedr llt.the catrtois cont rart. aEd
except for
rDe cost ot heatrng whetr anyone
desires wa.u waft,..
other woman. whclber sùe be a local
."
her riruar barh herc, sh;
l"j:":: $ir: of tte raùe
canror
the suú of 18 srivels
:wft,lbe.
Aside
from
the usuat stipeDd
l:L":"
T +*:*
rolDccanrorr
site and the above_meotioued heiring
beexpecred ro supervise
"hal
A]l jhe
rr
rir-h the exceptror or
ror rle rer.D of r.hrec
At the €rpiEtion of t[ree years we arc perDrrted,.In acmrdaDce wirh a Dajòdtv
vole of-rhe
tteo.exisliDg
as is
forrl
iq tle iúrro:nembers,
aucuon to. rhts writing. to Dake
"et .banees.
Alt rhe
b.:en sicDed by_us. clearty anniounced,
ard
:-D:o-v-e.rys
accepted
detiberation, and sith the
.aft€r
Tature
conseot.of the Chief.Rabbi, for tle
welfare, tor ihe
rc.lrn(aÍon
the suNival of our.omlnu$rry.
ire oave arso
-end,for
taken upor ourselvcs to naiorain aDd
ye€ru.,
ro.rrry
lnto
efiet wbatever
hss been set tort_b above
power aDd detFrEination. Also
tbose
wDo,sDa|l,our
rD rbe future come to tive bere
and sbstt
purDase a pre.e in tle comDuoity sbalt
bc bouÌd
ro rnese.regutatroDs,-to sccèpt r-bem lor
biEself and
j:.î:,:i* tbcm. rE pursuance of this a uee,,ns
or rne er' rue_comm uniry shal take ptare
on rhe Nei
-rooo day or every Eltul, and the canLor or s oem_
Der capabte oI ir shall read tbesc
EgularjoDs in the
sro a
bas been pubticty announced by
Eajority ol t-be etrt,re
IDemoersbrp and tiosé most taxed being presenr,
anong them Herl Sotonon Oppenheim, Éerr r\.olf
raris, and ny son Hen Samuel.
ffil";_Tfffli:*
regularions
no one may ercuse
îbove
me bf,ore.tac
m-eEb€rsùip, a
:t",lry
"-l-1^,hJjb:"
1l'"1" y.y: have adopted
527
I
was orclered aDd unaoinously agleFd to
oo Satur_
oày.ntght,4 narhnhoan, 5562 (October I t, IS0t).
can exjst without a leader, theretorc
, rmce ù-o c'tyhabb!,
have coEmaoded
( assel,_my fdeod and inliDatf,. to taLe Hefr t\.oll
tbe leadershrp..I koow thal-in 6_uch Ea ers he is gFatly
er?enenced. AJso Herr Josepb Srem ar Fe ;s ù0y
son.saoùel, rho have mnducred communiry
affairs
unt Dow. shalì wit_b him consritute the sxequl;,.
comDrlte-e in order thet the members ot the
conp,u.o't,y shau not be likr sbe€p wilboui a sbenherd.
rbrs shau coDtinue until sucb tìme as the communrry
comes together fl.Dd elects its executive omcers in
accord-rnce with articte 6 above. For f barc seo
tbsL t* coDins togetler ot rhe èDtirè coDmuony
rs a drtlicult.matter ùere, aDd tlat $.ithoùL superv,sron conrusìoD witl Fsult. Theretore, I fourd ìhis
to be nece$ary and prcper.
- Dooe bere at Cologre, SuEday Disht. the Sth
M^aùeshúon. 5562. the 20 Venn'énia-irc, year
to
loctober 12, 1801).
w;.tn:ss we have signert with our owù hand
,_lD
tbe suraturcs of rhe above-named;
ùolomoD UpperheiE's fu st).
328
Appendi&s
The Jeus oJ Colosne
Y6r
APPENDD( B
Sîarrsllcs oÌt rEE DEVE
oPMENT oF rHE
JEwrsE Popur.arroN
rEE JEvrsE CoÀeruÀrry
^ND
oF Cor,ocNE
IN rEE foùoving are listed tle popuìation oî tle
City of CoÌogne, tle number of Jevs, and ttre Dùmber
of comnunity nembels, that is the tax-paye$, fmm
the year of the community's organization to 1933.
Subsequently we give the occupations of the Jews
in the yeaB 1808, 1817, 1842, 1853, alld 1925.
Finally, we give statistics on the living conditions
of tle Jews itr t.he year 1925.
GeD.El
Jèiilh
Commu tv Mmb€BPopuùrio! popdanon Tax-piyss
1801
1806
1808
1813
1816
1822
1825
1828
r$0
1834
rE40
18{2
1815
1846
1847
42,N0
124
46,857
49,276
189
150
56,527
37ó
61,059
58,342
67,302
390
336
436
75,858
625
80,885
85,195
85,446
824
887
748
Jwirh
PopulÀtioD Popuhtioù
1848 86,671 981
1849 a7,747 1,035
1850 88,356 L?aí
1852 10r,09r 1,531
1858 114,477 2,149
1861 120,568 2,322
1871 129,233 3,172
1880 144,772 4,323
1885 161,401 5,309
1890 281,681 6,859
1895 321,504 7,932
1900 372,529 9,746
1905 4?a,722 11,035
1910 516,527 12,156
1925 700,222 16,093
1931
19,052
1932 740,750 17,024
1933
1934
30
ceD€rd
329
c.
X
Jewish
popubtioÀ
360
14,816
15,557
The number of Jes'bh birtk is as lolows: 1840 23i
1846-38; 1847---55; 1848--{2; l84S--44; 1850-55.
IÌ 1806 tle Jewtuh populstion of Cologne contained 124 individuals of Íhom 33 $ere unmsllied
meD, 42 unmanied women, 25 narúed men, and
24 malried wonen. In 1808 Cologne La.d 132 Jewish individuals of e/bom t[ere werc 25 óanied
coùples, 33 boys ùder age, 29 girls under age,
11 unmanied men, ond I unmanied wonen.
Among them were 2 school t€achels, 3 merchaJx&,
330
The Jeus ol Colasne
Append,iaes
I
moDey-clanger, 1 agent, 5 butcùels, I day laborér,
2 old<lothes dealers. 3 peddlem.
A list ot 1817 indicates tùe foìlowing occupations:
2 maùufacturers oI loiting-m&t€tial -
1
menulactur€r ot cotton sod distributor of
lottery ticketr
3 money-changers
I comDdssion eg€nt
7 m€rchenb, alltong them 1 banLer
14 small merchantu and second-hend deaterg
2 horse d€olers
1
1 ya.rn dealer
1 dealer in manufactured articles
1 tobacco deole!
(The information is not conplete),
A list datiÈg fmm 1853 enumeÉteB 406 independent memb€rs ol tLe commùnity, that is fa.milies.
Among tlese the occupstional division is as lollows:
I Propertg Omr.ert
16 M anuÍartuÌots:
ribbons, flannels and múlias, three of liquor, colortd
poper, starch, kid gloves, 2
hetru{a.turels of oil, 2 sugar
refners, cigars, felt slippen,
$lvsúoplastic mateúal,
fmit deal€r
6 butcheN
2 cettle dealers
1 gmcer in retail
1 clerk
1 rcteil dealer
tlade
n andwùlrers:
3
A-list of 1842 contains 104 trames, anoúg then:
23 shopkeepeE
5 tedesDoen
3 marufacturers,
I
lithogaphers,
4 opticiens aDd optical mech-
anics including 3 coult op-
1 of bathrobes srd
ticia.ns,
bedcovers,
r baker, 1 glazier $!d whit€w$her, 2 sùoemakers,
l bookbinder, 1 coun €È-
of oilcloth, and 1 ol writine mate al
2 t.a[sport s.úd commissio! asen:ts
2 oil and gypsum dealers
2 linen merchants
on mercLa,nt
I dry goods dealer
gl8.ver, 1 pap€rhaDger,
1 tailor, 1 portJolio maker,
1 watchmaker, 21 butcùers,
1 machinist, 1 goldsmitù,
1
wine and t nket desler
ieel-estate dealer
foNerdiDg agent
1 dealer in objects ol art
I
I
I
331
Trad.e and Commene:
37 merchants
without
other speciffcation
10 tradesmen
ony
332
Tralt
Thc J6u" oj Colrgnî
Aweùdicer
and, Commctce: (crlnt.)
12 dealers
in manulactued
artides (3 wholesalers)
13 dea.lers in *ùite goods,
Trcl,e and, Conmnce:
1 dealer in foreign wood aud
ivory
2 cattle dealeE
yard goods, thftad, hosi€ry,
sloves (z wholesslers)
6 dealen
cdtùal
in tutle, lace
and
in lealher snd stins
9 deslers iu dresses and
3 dealers
nnd
7
in
Publi.c Saroonl::
6 te3cùels
3 commùral ofrcials
woolen goods
lidrss (l wùotessrer)
in linen goods
1 chief sgent of the steam-
ship sDd ir$ùaÍce com-
(5 wholesalers)
6 dealem in wirc
pany of Baden
1 bridge-toll concessionaire
desle!
3 grocers (1 wholesaler)
1 Eineral and
oil
1 emigration concessionaire
lsnp
desler
2 dealers in writing moterial
a.rd paper goods
1 dealer ir tìom and bone
10 horse dealem
l0 banking and money-changitrg establisbmentr
6 commission
ùaffport
sg€ntr
and
ag€nts
1 jeweter
2
ert dealers and
librerians
in lottery ticket!
3 ssloon-k€epers
dealers
I ftuit
agd-
1 traveling salesman
3 dealers
11 dealers
Iaslio[s
in oil ard
produce
3 couìting-house cl€rks
4 haberdasùers
4 dea]ers
ribbons
(arl,)
lending
Publíc Ocaqarioru:
7 phylicians; 3 musicisns
Wittutut, Occupdírn:
14 who lived on incoure
The Jewish rcsidents ol Cologne, on June
16,
1925, divided into €conomic sroups and accordiug
to tùeir occupation, show 7 in agdculture, gadening, cate of animals, forestry and 6sheúes; 1,894 iù
industry, including mining and building; 4,797 in
tra.de aúd commerce, induding hotels and restaum.nts; 345 in admiústrÀtion, ermy, synagogùe
and other public occupàtions; 2& il1 health end
hygiene, including phlantlmpy;155 h domestic
334
The
leus
oJ Colosne
Appenl,ices
service and.industry;57 without aEy lettled
occupir_
tron aDd.F thout bdicatjon ot aDy perEaneot 6eld
itv:,.1,0r4 w^itbout occup;tioa Dor atry
1;r,,11f
údrcarron o^r their prcfession. Altogetber, therefori,
úere were A.bZl DelsonsThe cersus of 1925 iDdìcates rbe disrnbut,oo of
.
rr,e Jemsrì poputation in tùe city lijDits ol Cotosne.
ut,.the entir€ number of Jews ;n Cologe. 15,800
rgrpiDq 21íap oî tÈe poput;rion, 3t%
lld'y'9us.l.s
Ived in the OJd City {rhe center;i rhc Otd Ciri
lv.jl,"l "ld 4+Ta ia the nèwer parr of rbe Ciri
(mid-dte of
tle Dew Ciry, 22.8%).'tn ihe wl,on or
rùe I rry-dfti8îated aa Atktadt Mí p they torned
D.oa7o or tbc total poputatiotr. aDd io the section
desfgnated Às Nîwtadt MiJte 8.4%. Aa uDusual
prcpofl
oI the poputation was the number of
'on u L'ndeothat,
.rews nvtng
A.S2%. aod Marièoburg
É.ó"/a.. tbe Je$ish poputatioD ot these suburbs
coostrtured on-ty.6.2% in Linrleorhat and t.sg in
[r$renburg-oI tre toLat Jewish populatiotr.
euit€
uDoersrondsbty the distributioo ol tle Jeps ir
r ologDe was a rsult of thc economic structure ot
the tîln. loDner.e aod indusrry
rrated rn lhe Altstadti rhus, tor example, Fta;l
businesses and second-haod rrade o..uDi;d cerram
streets itr tù€ eDùer ol the AIrsradr. Thè Neustadt,
built ùound the plafe where the {n.ient wal used
to be,. consìsted of rsideDccs onty. There eere
located commerciaÌ esrabt;sbnrcnts sunh as otrces
groups, businers represcnr,L;vca and
9l'l:.""-S
tbe lúe. lhus it ;s apparenr rhat tbe Jews of
( ologne, in sccordance w;th tb€i-r occuDalioos
Ènd
335
ecoromic position, resided lor tùe ùrost part itr
those sections of tùe city l;rhicÈ were closely built
up s.nd thickly populated.
The development of tLe comEunity is apparent
from its bìrdget durins successive years.
Yn,rn
BÚDcEî
1852
1853
3,900
1856
1857
1859
1862
1863
1870
5,7M
6,548
8,573
12,9S6
190H1
34,361
35,791
93,874
109,453
117,165
1901 02
120,241
1902
1903
1904
{3
{4
{5
144,zffi
r907-{8
200,495
1898
Tl. r3 gr.
5 pf.
43,143 trfk. 95 pf.
43,701 Mk. 10 pf.
36,077 Mk. 75 pf.
33,596 Mk. 62 pf.
34,146 Mk. 14 pf.
r875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1889
Tt.
4,000
4,086
5,210
4,400
I
189m
r90H9
153,629
169,675
215,U0
336
The Ja$ of Cotagne
YEAR
Buocrr
1909-1910 226,749
1912-13 276,168
1914-15 313,622
1920-2t 1,736,925
1930
1,r01,r28
1932
621,860
Appendíces
Kreuzgasse, counted, in 1858 1859, sixty-nine Jewish
pupils;1859 1860, eighty-three; 1879 1880, sixtyffve;1880 1881, seventy-sixì 1899 1900, including
APPENDIX C
Jews r.l rgc Scnoor-s o!,CorocÌlr,
Two higher schools have had an uninrerupted
exislence in Cologne since 1820. tn the nortùern
prrt ol rhe city thcre sas the Cathotic cvnnasiun
of Cologne, Dcetins in tle quarrers of the former
Jesuit Nonastery on Ihe Mirzetlenslrasse. In the
southèm part of the.ity a scbool was siruareo on
thc Sevpdndra-qse and wss in charae of
Rrotherhood.
In
337
r.he
Carnretite
1825 this school was rumeo nro a
full-fledsed synnssiun bca ns, since 1830, the nane
The Royal I'rede.ick lvilìiam Gvmnasium.
The hishest number of JewisÈ chit<lren artende<t
tle CologlÌe Catholic school, thar is ttre lfarzellengymn8sium, in the y€af 1880-1881, when they numbered rourteen, and in 1900 1901 when thcy numbe.ed twenty-one. In 187r-1872 the FredericL Wil_
liam Gymnasiun counted eishry-two.Iewish pupih,
and in 1879 r8s0 one hùndred Jewish Duoib. îhe
ciric higb s.bool. sìrbscqucntty ca ed Tieal"cbute
aod fimlly Gymasium snd Restsl,mnàsium of tbe
the pr€paratory school, one hundred and thity.
With the increase oî the city's popùlation, new
school. eame into being: the Apostelngymnasiuo,
founded in 1860, and ihe Kaiser \Yilhelm Gynnosium, opened in 1868 as a school o{ the second order
and raised to a full gymnasiun in 1871. Both werc
Stat€ schools. l'he highest figures of Jewish pupils
in these schools were: in 1914 in the Apostelnsymnasium thi.ty-seven, and 1900 1901 iq the Kaiser
lYilhelm Gymnasium seventeetr. Since 1926 the
Kais€r Wilhelm Gymnasiun has ùad no JewisL
pupus.
In
1882 the
realschule on
City of Cologne established the Ober1m2 it estab-
tle Humboldtstrasse. In
lished the Reformrealschule on the Spiesergasse. In
1897 it established tle comnercial school which,
since 1899. was called Ilmdelsrealschùle. and a lew
]ears àso became an Obenealschule. In 1899 ttre
Prosmnasiùm Í/as established in EhrenfeÌd, which
since rm6 has been called tbe Schilhrglznasiun.
After 1900 the city established onìy Realgyrnnaua:
in 1903 at Nippes, in 1906 at Lindctrthal. In addition, th€ neflly integrat€d suburbs either had gymnasia or louded new ones : the Realsynnasium and
Realschule and the city gymnasium called, sinc€
1830, the Kalkerslmnasium in tr{uelbein, and the
Realgynnasiu:n lounded in 1908 in Deutz. Tbese
schools oî tle lormer sùburbs h€rc and therc conteir
Jews. The Realgymnaiun of Àfuelheim never ex.
338
.4ppendíces
The Jeus ol Colnsna
ceeded six Jewish
pupils. The ObeneaÌschule on ttre
Eunboldtsùess€ had the hishest runber ot Jewisù
pupr]s during tùe school yeer 1906,1907, when rhey
numbered 160, and in 1914-1915 when tlev uum-
class
339
with tle kind of education which went bel'ond
bered
that of the public school and, at the same time,
p.cpared tle student for practical living. It. also
ofiercd conmerciat and induslrial prcparation. Í ith
resàrd to the boys, the Mi{tdle School ained to
gasse had
answe. thc peculiar n€eds of the middle buryhercrass
I36. The Reformrcalgymnasìum on tùe Spìeser5l Jewish pupils iD 1888,1889; ?4 in 18941895; and 37 in 1914-1915. Therealter the numbe.s
dwindled constantly. TLe Handelsreslschule on the
Harsaring had 80 Jewish pupils in 1905-1S06; 40
in 1926-1927; snd 51 in 1931-1932. The hishest
nunber ol Jewish pupils in the Scbitteremnasiun
ol Ehrenletd war 39 i; t9t4-r9t5. Thel,iDdenrhal
RFslsyBnasiuE had 45 Jewish pupils in rg2È 1927;
and 61 in r$1-r932.
Tbe higher educatior ol girh was not providcd tor
in tbe City of Colosne uotil 1870. Recourse was bad
to privste schools. Itr 1855 Rola Iavié established
a private school for the secondarv edùcatior ot
sirls. The 6rst higher s.bool lor girts'wÈs estabticbed
in ('olo8ne in 1871. From tbebeginningaod rhroughout il had a corsiderable Du.ber ot Jewi"h DuDits.
In lS09 to 1910, tor exemph, it bad t08 Jewisù drts.
In 1903 the Kaiserin Augusta Schooì war established
a.lrd in 1912 the Lyzeurn III which became an OberlyzÉue like the others. Both tlese higher institutions were e.tt€nded by a targe mrmber of Jewish
girh. The Kaise.in Augusta School counted ìÍ 19111912, I15 J€wisb girls: i! 1914, 133. TbeLyzeun IIt
'ú 1914-1915 had 43 Jewish
sirls. and in 1931-1932,
56. ln additioo to thè above a new tJ"e of schootiDg
was inLroduced, lamely tì€ civic ltiddle School. li
wÀ3 meart to plovide tùe daught€rs of tìe middÌe
which hnd to take into consideràtiotr both nanual
labor and indust a.Ì a.tivity. For gi.ts tle ffrst
lliddle School was opened in 1890 and tle second
one in 1898. The first tr{iddÌe School for boys wa^s
opened in 1894 and the second ;n 1900. All tùes€
werc city institutions. These schools were very popula. amons the Jewish children. In 1907-1908 \fiddle
School I lor girls had 59 Jewish pupils. In 1911 1912
it had 50 Jedsh si.ls. In MiddÌe School II for sirls
therc were 26 JewisL students in 1898-1899; 31 ir
1907 1908; and 18 in lgU 1915. In the Middle
School I for boys 15 Jewish pupils enmlled in tìe
r.'ear of its foundation, 1894 180ó. It had 40 Je$ish
pupils in 190G1901i 50 in 1907-1908; and 4ó in
191F1911. Itr the Middle School lI lor boys th€
highcst number of Jewish pupils was in th€ year
Ì909 1910, numbering 14. In accordance with the
popula ty of the Àfiddle Schools in Jewish circÌes,
the nuùìber of Jewish pupils in tàe other higher
schools decrcased proportionàtrly.
InsolaÌ as the reìation is concemed betreen
ue
Dunber of Jewish pupiÌs attendins lower public
schools and p vate schools, there weft in 1367
altogetler 647 Jewish boys and girls of r.hon 267
altended Jewislì and other public schools, tlus learins 200 Ior private schools and hìgher iDstitutioDr.
340
The Jeas oJ Cologna
Append.íces
RDllcroùs lÍsrBùcrroN rN TsD ScEoora
or Corocrvn
The Jewish elementary school had an attend-
begirming of 1904 t}e condition of Jewish
relieious instruction was ss {ollows: of 1600 Jeúish
,{t t}e
children of school age, 940 attended tÈe hisher snd
middle schools: 660 attended the elemenlrry
schoots. Retigious itrshuctiou vas sivetr ot tle
GynnasiuE and Realg]'Ena"sium on the Kreuzgasse'
in tle prcperatory school, the Oben€alschule, the
Realschule, the Ha.ndelsschule, the higher school
Ior girts, and both of the middle schools for si.ls'
as well as in tàe State's Frederick fvilliam Gymnasiùm. On the Krcuzgasse and in the Oberrealrhule and the llandelscbule such insltuctioD was
gilen only for tlrree or four yeeB besinning witl
the "ixù ("p-rfo). No relieious tîslructìoo was
siven in the two middle schools for boys ard in two
hieher schools for sirls, Dor in the State inslitutions'
Mizellengy-mna.ium. Aposlrhgynnasium, and tle
p
vate
institutions religious itrstluction was siven onlv iD
two. tle Hoehere ToechteÉchùlen Berendt s.IId
lferlo, where 80 Jev'ish gÈt! attended. Iìut tlis
insiruction was given onìy one hou. e \reek lor a.ll
classes and without s.ny connection rith the community. In six such institutions, despite the lact
tlat
tùey had 116 Jewish pupils, no
341
instruction ot àll was given. Of t]e total ot 200
Jewish boys and girìs of the eleven pnvaue
institutions, 165 sÌìowed no mark for relieious
APPENDTX D
Kaiser lvilhel]n Gym:asium. Of eisht
,
religious
ance of 235 boys and 242 si s, a. total oî 477 children. The Jewish elementary scLool pupiìs in Ehrenfeld a.Ìrd Deutz, numbering 45, received instrucrion
from the teachers oî those communiries. TLe seme
was tme about the tLree boys who
by the comnunity
rcre suppolted
(Hi6sschueter).
OI the
142
pupils, boys and girìs, of tLe elementary schools and
the llillsschulen in Cologre, only 48 attended the
religious classes of the Jewish commmitJ-, so rhat
lbe [lark in lelisious insLructìon aas mi,"ing in
lbe cise of 84. An inerease ìo tbe numb.r ol bours
of religious insùuction on the part of tbe city ras
indeed $anted a.nd, at the besinnins of the school
year 1905-1906, 42 hoùrs of .el;sious instruction
were given to 34r pupils of the city and State
schools. But the upper classes of the Obenealschule
and of the Gymnasiun on the Krcuzgasse, d€spite
their large Jelvìsh school population, renained
rvitJrout ary Jewish rcÌjgious instruction. Du.ing
the school year 1906-1907 e total of 45 houls of
relisious inst.uction ivàs given at the hieher and
middle schools. Of rhese Lours 27 \-.ere paid for by
the city, $Aen the Lyceum III rvas founded in
1912, Jewjsh religious instruction was imnediatcly
introduced. The same had been true at tLe foùrdation of tùe higher school for girls iu 1871 a.rad later
342
The.Ieat
oJ Colnsw
on at tue foundation of tÀe Kaiseún Aucusts
schooL
There were times when JewisL religious instruction was siven also in the Apostelnsymnaqum.
There, however, the Jewish school children had
numbercd frou 30 to 37 during the yea.s 1911 to
1914, ard thereafter again sank to ùì insisnificant
ffgure. At the Schille.eymnasiùm in Ehrenfeld,
*ùere the nunber of Jewish pupils was 39 in 1915,
Jewish rclisious instruction was intmdùced towa.rds
the €nd of 1918, and in tle Lindenthaler Real-
glrnasium s little later. At no time was sucL
Jnstruction given in the institutions of the State,
with tÈe exception of tLe Frederick lVilliam and
Apostelngy.nnasium, nor at the Lyceum aÌìd
Oberlyceurn ot the Evangelical commùnity, in
spite of tle ls.t that occasionaly these schools
were aitended by a considerable number ol Jewish
girls, sometimes over 40. Dùring the school year
1927-1928 tùe public and private schools, with the
€xception of the vocational schools, gave feligious
instruciion to 511 boys and sirls by tle teaching
personnel of the Jewish commùnity. The city's
vocational schools also inhoduced Jewish religious
in€huction for its boys and girls at tle rcqùest of
tle Jewish coromunity.
S,rpervision over Jewish .elisious instruction in
the above-named schools vas rcsuÌated by an edict
ot the Minister of Public Worship in 1923, and was
utrder tùe di&ction of the mramunity's rabbis.
Append.ícet
343
APPENDTX E
JEwrsE ANTreurîrDs, JirD rca, rrND
PrcruBEs rN CoLocNE
BI! c^t
tle Jews in Cologne are
tombstones. ln the ceDtrr of the Jewish cemetery
Dockelnuend there exists, since 1937, a tiny temple
sithh which are the rcnahp ol Èebrcri' tombstones
from tle oldest Jewish cemetery, that oî St. S€verin's
Gate. These tombstones arc €et into the wall of the
t€mple. The earliest of tLese monumerts dates fmm
theyear 1166. In the vicinity ol the westem enbance
to the CÀtledml is to be found the decree in îavor
ol the Jews of his diocese which Archbishop Engelbelt II had €ngaved i[ storc in the year 1266.
The historical archives of the City of Cologne
possess documents of Empe.or Frederick I and
Enperor Frederick 1I. They are in the alrthoritative
trans.ript prepùed by Archbishop lTilliam in 1360.
These docùments are thus of general int€rest for
the legal history oI the Jews in Gennany. Therc is
also a document of Rudolph of llapsburg of 1275,
of Kinss lvenceslas and Sisisnùnd of 1391, r4ll and
TEE ea iest monuments oI
1416. Iìesides tùe archives also contain papal decrees
X. These are originals
with tle seal of the Popes attached. The archives
hold the only existing Hebrew document of tùe thirteenth and fourteentì centuries ord thus beÌong to
the most valuable sources of Jevish administrative
and legal autonomy duing rhe Middle Ages.
by Innocent IV and Grcgory
3U
The rews ol Colosne
The city rcgist€n and t-lÌe pmtocols of the courciÌ
provide rich material for the period betrreen the
fifteenth and the eishteenth centuries in connecùon
with tle history oî rhe Jews in tle Rhinetand ard
beyond. The same a.chives contah rcmains of Hebrew and Yiddish-cernan manuscripts. Amons these
is a page containiDg the Hebrew nrle A Recotd oJ
ALL lhc Po1îeft oÍ Blood-lettins an.j Veins Accord,ins
to the Witinss oÍ the Physicims (Hebr. a W $2).
It seems to date from the last quater of 1396 to
tbe last quarter of the followins year, and is thus
the eeliest dated bit ol wdtins in the Yiddish
ìanguage. A manuscript of rhe archives (tV3
Blankenheim), dating ftom the beginnins of the
6fteenth centu.y (Fol. 162 165), contains e dialosue
between a Jew and a Christian.
The Jewish eommunity of Colosne owned the
Ifemorial Book of Deutz tle old€st part of rvhich
goes back to rsEr 1784. In rhar year the flood of
the Rhine badly danaged the writitrg. Consequentty
a new Memorial Book for Deutz vas besun. Other
archive material of Deutz is to be found tlere, l'here
is also tLe Memorial Book ol Muelhein. the filst
enhy of which is of the year 1774. The a.chives of
the Jewish community contained almost thecomplete
mat€rial for its history since the rescttlcnent in 1801.
The old minute book of the conmunity has beeu
Ol articles
connected
with tle dtual, the syru-
gosue at Deutz possesses a
circuncilion bench dating
ffom the middle of tle 18th century, a silver cup of
the year 1762, and a number ol other articÌes. The
App6t
d.íaes
345
cultah for the Ark, in possession of the synofrcm 1752, and another lrom
1787. Th€ oldest coveing for tùe -{rk of the synagogue on tle Glockengasse rvar donated by one of
tle earliest Jewish aettlers after the rctum .o
Cologne, J. Stern, in tle yea.r 1807.
The City and ùniversity Library o.frns numerous
oldest
gogue at Deutz, dated
ffrst editions of the Reuchlin-Pfefierkom contmversy
fron 1507-1518,lor example works by Reuctrlin, by
Pfefrerkorn, by Jacob von Hochshaten, Victor von
The Rhenish Museuru oms a g.eat nany adicles
ritual. ,{lso it has pictùes
oÎ all sorts com€ct€d with the history of the Jews
of the Rhineland vhich were collected for the lfillenial Dxposition held in 1925.
The lvaùÉr-Richartz Museum has a nùmber of
biblical aùd post-biblical pictures. Tùe galÌery has
a painting of "Estler aùd Ha.man before Alasuerus"
of tle Dutch School of tle serenteenth ccrlurv,
painted by Jm Yictor, a pupil of ReEbrandt, 1620c. 1676. In nlateia.Ì and style it.eninds one of tùe
mast€r. It a.lso possesses r large paiDting "Tobias
Asks for Sara.h's Haad." This is of the Lt.echt
School, drarîn by HendrikTerbrusshen (15E3-1626).
A much livetier picture and one close. to Dutch
temperament is tLat of Jan Steen (1626-1679),
"The Inprisormetrt of SansoD." It nust have b€€n
done in thc sixth decede of that century and is
considered one of the ffnest sorks of this remarkable
painter and tàvem-Lceper. FinaÌly, there was also the
pictue by EduaÌd BeDdemam (1811 1889), "The
connect€d with the Jewish
346
The.Iew
oJ Cologne
whicl Wolfgang Mueller fourd so grippingly beautilul "that one could
weep becsuse tùe u ortuate ones hew how to beÀ!
tùeir pain so proudly."
The Roman section of the Wa raf-Richs.rtz Mus€um ai Colo$e contain! tLe most inportant Ch.Ètian antique. It is the blue bowl discovered in 1907
near Colose, foud resting inside a stone sarcophagus. It is richly d€coúted with Old Testanenl picturcs which orisinaÌy nust have been enameled in
bright colors, The glàss dates f.om the second hall
of th€ foùth century. The fgures represent Jona.h,
Jews Mouming in Babylon,"
Noah, atrd Daniel,
In tùe old and fa.mous churches of Cologne o nunber of other pictur€s eÈ to be loùd witì an Old
Testament motif. For example, the mosaic or the
floor in the cryTt of St. Gereon, buitt by Archbishop
Anno, 1056-1075, has twelve scenes ftom thc slorcs
ol Sanson aÌd of David. The dome on tle outside
har a ststue of Mos€s.
Among tÈe otiginal sketches to be foud in the
libmry o{ tàe Cathedml Trea,sure Chanber is a volume (no.271) conceming rhe Eoly Maccabees.FolioZa
is tle title-page representing Hatrnah and her seven
sons belore a Roman Emperor. Folio 7b shows tle
moth€r e.rd the sons urder her protectins cloak.
Folìo 394 Rpresents the mother and the sons iD
boiling oil. Of tle tapestries foruerly to be fourd
in the choir of the Catled.al, but Èow in tle
Schnuetgen Museum, tle lolowing may be mentioned: no. 2, repre!€ntins Elijah in the Wildemessi
Do. 5, Sacrifce ir tle Old Testament; no. 6, the
Appsnd;ces
947
lle€tiìg of Abmham and MelLizedek; no. 8, ttre
Faùins of tle Mama, Tùese trpeslrier, tike rìe
otbers in tle collection, eere mad; b the workl of
Franz van der Eecke in Bnss€ls. Sket ùes for tùera
ùad been pmvided by Petcr Pauì Rubens, amund
1627, who had been commissioned to do tlú! by the
Infa.nts Isabella, r'idow ol Archdùke Albrecht. She
subsequeolly present€d the origirab to the lfoo&stery of the Bareloot Carmelit€s in Med|id-
NOTES
NOTES
rFe
s.u. clgle\ fouó'.d br Eli*r b€! Ndrbù aod, Idrd,
JokDb ùÈKóh.n in f,rr* r,GRdA,
lIlsrlfeldr
lJìî.Marcvbrociq-or rh.llsqgtul B"otb or \Ehb€rs
ltc !.D; or rbos Lixed i! rbe Frp€criv; dùú !E
(ed.
mpDtbD.{I,.úut ha4y Ddb.earcÉpst d, Nor ú úRsry Ray
or lplliDg rhetù.r olkidc ol Lh€ ole hudrld sld sinr oD;
m.Duon4 úd€r ( otogae, aly orrb.orbmarens6eotFtùrÉs
ron órbq pr,€ or FsirLù1, ot tù€ toed udù sÀict rlèn
rlld thrm wú ro be basd trpo! crbiD úess aDd èpr*
I tolartl lbe ctrd ol rùe si,lb
Arort..
hnr'ob of tlc.smc Bdl, by Pope ClemcnrRùrw.
tll, ;
8Sr i!
rluhd ro tbe Arcbi€piropùl Arcliv€s ol Narbou..
' I he abovr ddmert aaaiEt rirud-Dùd.r iq foùd iD haru_
eflpl cîpy ahó!t rbc Coloslc S.bir,ry tDr pners !o, 139 tolio
rrr: Abooa ibe ùndarèd do.Ú.Dlrot rbe aóto@. Ilisroridl
.ucbr€&,io lmòd 763 o-f tù. ollFtiotr ót t€ue$ d;tbg fDn rùe
fth,ury. is ! briel ùoùy ot tb€ BuI oa tn(Mr
'oukeolh
rr, dated uctob.r 12, I_146.
.II oD(mcd lb€ utrFrrt.d poiDts itr tt€ di.Dùr. h.t$E!
,
,
3roc
ór uFsory
lrbbiihDp
Coorad abd tùe C.ur ót Jueti.h.
140lh. orbbistop !.útmd to s errli! Lnisbr i!
r^.In
oloem ù ìncoo. ol sir mrk! sbic! s.s dtr. ùio frcD rÀ€
I ltr rùe_e_bithl asard ól
Aùglst t5, t320, made by Cour
^
Gcrhard
of Jucìi.ù h€rseo tha aFbbisbop aDd r!€'Crry úI
( olosnè. es a Fsull ol th" dispù|!
srisiDc hoD (h. Tmiùrial
PèaR. weEod rhar JÒbs@ Siattcisrobr releaFd ir óbyqEoc
of hb exonebtioù by t[e Àchbishop ol T$*, Bur ii *€. @3
oan ù8,rn oplues ! Jcw ol lh. ù;hbisboD aDd l€ls hir di€ i!
prison. h€
sill
hav€ to
n:[emènrlR
I Hc issued lhe ioùowiDs ord.r
.ÒPrs:
-s'Dft the judi.ial finir
iD roù.d ro rhe ciry ot nhei!ót rh€ vchmi. coùr h.3 b4!
.ilc0Jed ilhgsllJ bcJuDd rlrc bord.E ot l4csrphrti,. mrkibs ir
.\rcnd rvcn ru tLe lpÌi.bdb!. of rhc RhiDe, w[fÉ R-b€ijberé E
\.rùate4 theFfoF Bll thGè sho w b rhis Cour as aD €rc@
bangey Ch.istiùì-or
{€rci* ùy
Jew oD rL€ l€ft banL ot rhe nùift, !r evetr
judici0l èurbo.ity tùerè, !d all vùo by {r ;r dvie
352
Thz Jatot oJ Colnsrc
ofú..lbeE aid, sìau bè pro*ot:d,
I
slr
Notcs
DrivileAe Dotwilh-
loù. Relry tr pl.dsed ro errain rnbbÙd!
th€ €Àrm ro.obc rron tte rolls at BLeiÀtìd( aDd should rhd
b. prdolcd òI lore lrco @llúrins tl* ro[3, h. save hii
cred'lors the light to raùe Lbe Er ol ùc a@ froD tle Jws or
( rhoru3. aùd pay lbeo itrr€mlt. For the
Edemotioo ot ú€
fortru ol Vùlebursùd lor themoút speot il c"h;rriotr ì itt
óf lledeick óf Aurria, Lh€ ùchbistop o*ed
tuhald or Monrjoie ud FalteDb€rs rte v$r sm oi t2,J70
Drrts. L l3l9 lùe Arc!-bishop truel€Í€d ró ùin fou ;yal
p€ùr6 rrcD-.vèry ru or Fù€ pasiDg rÌE roù Àt Bobú, úd,
D d.,rrDù, bve ràou$d lmk! frcD rù. bomv mid bv rhÈ
J4s or coloane. Arclhilbop Heùy tt like,ú. ir io ord;r rbe
prcpsty rld tdnloial ùoldiqr of bix ri.t€r, ib. Abbè3 poDFrb vór.!@bùB..rqic\ M9Dg orhq Chùù hotdinss. bld
rrrle! as pl€rkr in l.o tbe hù.b ol he JNs, To hi! Ebriva licsF
mÀ úd vlsal ol tì€ Cbúcì ol ColoÀIe Hùbad voD M€r;
ber& ArcblilLop Hetry lI proDi!.d. o! FebrurJ & 1310, torry
brr[! oI rùe 6rst tuoo tleJerr. b Erum EùrÌai sar ro !iv;
tb. archbùhop lorty Dsrù. lrcD tle ilcooe ot bis qfi;I€d
gÌltea qd hipcù ard his h.iB rcmù vasals ot ú. Cotone
I bucà. tbr tÀe pucihls of rbr Forr|$ aDd ú€ CoDrtot
s
aeluD for s
I
Huelcblrtl Archbisàop H€o$ bDÌored om hudr€d Bfa&nr
d'ndrii IreD tbr lMdu H€ùy voo lvircb. ptcdsirs Firh [im,
ljepr€nbe 23, ri122, rùe ataJet ot ArpcÌ l!d-!ùà Forlr€s;
Bf,d, Xdl,.!, ud VEd€!, aod Àll ú.r b€lotrgrd !o rhose ds€
util ùe kplyE€ll ol.Lbeloù. Tbr tmulú *,s sttu sruH
óD
Mm.
ihe in@ne 1rc6 tle ùchhilhop's Je{s in th€ Dlaas
roJem
lcrly s.ltled in Colope sbrll crúy rte srrrcd privpree'ded tley uive at atr DdeBtúdinr sitÈ the ùch'reges
bi'bop_où
tùe sbjÚr ol th.
rar *hic! rb-,"y sR ro pry ro
'trusl
ùin. Ev.ry lsly lniv.d Jep
sbau FbaiD ùqdd rh. illn€as E
prcte.riotr ol the arcùbirhop lor loutetr dry., duiu pbjch time
ùc nut mùe up hi5 oind wh.Lh* be sl;r! to Fmi! or mL
Shodd tùe ùchbhhóp die duins tb. ter rcaB o.nrioDrd
rhe
dffi. h'r succsor BlÀll @qlidcr hiD*ú bound b! irs 'nrùbr
since tùe drc .èp@ts tle hteetl oî the Chlrù;f Cotooe.
Wfhiù rh. b'sùopd. úd. rìe aFhiepi*orEl dooab b. Jws .-h!tl
bot De rored ro p,y tolrs ótter tbar flcb 4 src pÀid ùy cùi]
rú8. No. shall they be torced ro roke m oÀù;rber ihaù rhe
traditionel obe, The Nhbi'ùop pbnics ro Dblat rle J€wùh
emeleJ shi.h li€ outsjd. tl.ciry. tr vieeófthetact lhlr rtre
..
I
Jer3 b.d but
mW plid
a @Bidembte
su
ro rte Coto@.
church,
a.ry
Jps
*
g5A
Ìihc iD Cotosle duing lbe pdjod oÍ rbe
ro bi3{trtru,r t!t, pay d$ ! .omBpoDdins
:Tx.r_sl}r p ddr rrgD
rt€ Àr.ùbBbop pbbi*s to L*p fu tur Jrr3
aI (ue pnrlcgps rDd t'ldittoMl rìgbb Fanr.d rbú by popes,
ehpcbra &D8i. aa'l rFbbiebops, pbvided hir ósn jurisdidio!
lnd ihat or hi8,.blnbdlaiD h-.qor adv.kb afraúd rh.rcby.
" r! o,xùg tt'r 3l Dtonsinatty lÈ€ Nhbbhop respped s U 16€
r'shts of rle Vorbq-Chhh of Sr. Kú,b€r. t; t3' I h" rsti6ed
trc-uion.f rLi, prcpeny sirh rhe Chsprq ol Sr. Xutribed.
rotrosrtrF.rcqrb -brsbops are kroú to ú: B.eio8u
. . rb. ll35
rsoud
lo ll59); dùiDs rhe !@trd h,tt of rhe rhule;rb
ftblurJ. sabùel. NÀtL!!, Ssn uel ol Bùehr eo, Àto!*a SELiqdu
or .\.ù s: dúirg rùc frEr ùstf of tb€ tÒunelr h úDì u4., Ja.Òb ab
or ,roq!p4 cmprtus (qùm. ú .l{ordMi s! ot Ss;uel,, Cor
rvùarR, sGr&!du! rtbe saDe \bo in rùc qudrl of rbe Jesi$
€bbùity-iith.two J.'_eq, t330.lètr the cny ot Colop. ib disptqsrì, Josph soo ot T.s" Joslin. Jocl sD of lford.,i,
Aftd tJZ2Iscot Motrrjoi.*u|o @t.
bùhop. Ar rhcb€riDhins ot rhe q€rti€s
liF,l ia Brurhl. H. had a s; br rb. D,De ot
lielomo &ù ol J36b,
eeo rhc bFr Jcsrsb
lè sems tó hav€
ru., . sob-rnr8e by lr. ùane ol lrlmsm, srd a bbú+,
rlamuror (-ologle sho liFd iù Íbm5. ge bad bB,o€s reta_
silh A_Fhbirhóp Drcderi.[ ol ColoFùc. Ob Uar.b t. t3i.t,
lbr ietler.d-ènqt crtdiD busbcB óf Lu€bet ró bF J"$ lqscoi
ìroúrlo'r, whos sor atrd sD.ió.hs ùe 3t cîtnR., 6Dd nho aF
t oùs
.:F.led
ro pay rhe bùrslEm
t*ó
rùoGaad sìjd;b ioqid. Òt
:_6r!- At t h. rm€ t im. rì. lrtbhhlp
to rahaú rihumdbd, an o6d
sa\
. a teit.r
toú
ot indemofy
ro r\€ Jèr ts€i
of Vootjoie'ou JRìrh Bisbop,'tùruehl,..d
aDd ro hi. soo in tù. oa e! of
tb. p8rmùl or tqo tùobDd sùldeo to rl. Buph€E ót Lu€h{}.
I! l3ql tùesùD.l.e. k oll.d ól Bou, Io rhrtlearhehsd bú.oess .oDDdtioos sitì Coút Adoll zu \.irD"bú!. g€ als hdd
bù.ine$ iLslinss silb rtc Ciry ót Cotonc. ib. tsll Je,ùb
' bjlsblp, '.besd oins ìi+-Lhe J6r t4t7.ìos laocd Soiityrr.
- rùe cry r4ord*! drd Dot t3le J€wi8b t.!at vie$e inró co!.idaatióD itr all poiDte, Jewish LrsEsiot ah:aJ5vstd, BAide!,
o some rsprts thcob*narc of Cótosm tér is eùaùasd
br'' tùe JcR. rlìùselE. Nedrb.led r[e gcLFq qocunetrr
€ns to hÀve indù€ned th€ lom ol tle reo.ded docm€nr t rùe
€rrp
kr rppàI lo b. Dd.ly s lranslÀtioD ot rbe
lì.
olÀer diRctìo!, mút he otrqidcÈd ud{id€d.
t t ù dtu
bìihol. iad dw !iú.t d4 ioùÚîhal inà ,al dd
uM ùúe ù.4ù.4. joúùet4th.
.rso ro
t
b! r_th.. ìat
354
! Jttui.nhn julaMi d ditb R@@n iùpaotcibu
.ùaaíhdt4 e! u ratiqùit t qwitut in tttd t'nd Tdtaiao lníttr
óò,à,úrzn. ll h sldNt litdally th" saDe $ úe Je'ry Òsth of
DorrDúd *hicl repeob s middle poririoo ber"d rhéóld*t
fon ol the Edút Oeth, vùicù dùto frcn rhe €trd ol th.
3ibple
Àtrd rhe moF lEqù€ol lomula of lllq rr.Je,
ú Dunry the itrl,emnbR days of rb€ F.úr 4f Tohc'@le tù.
Colos!. Jws re !@toúed to lollow R4shi's anÀnsm€ lor
Torah reddin8. In ìhi3 hlttd Blshi bad $tablirhed a ù€w pm-
t*.úth eDluy.
cdre
Ister
which st 6rst ùad bed olpoed €E! i! ùis oÉ cirl€, but
Bdopted w€rywhere
roday is a.Drhlly cuftnt.
es
úd
rhe Slbbùtl Zuhù. r\e ore immediat ly pF.trdbs
'?Otr a otr rbe sÀbblrb Pdrdà.
Puim,
úe 6Bl or Kìna $bbaú
tL€rcalt-, it t!.d to b€ dstomary to led tle pÒÉby ól Kalir, tùe
s+Èlhd sÀtórdrd. Rasù i DRlrftd lh€ bern of ùe lamou lteir
ber I5úc or l{oms. Adú. otr rh. 23;,1 oiNiJm,, rLlr i\ in.
b.di!l,.Ìy Àller lhe PNsvpr l€Nt, it rùr.utótury at cológie
atrd io othd plars ró lGt and to @d pmit€Drial t{îÚr. Nów,
lhe .ulom llnot be coùeterl !e Zuoz assm€. sith rù€
útt3c}s upor the Jws Fhich b€su 6D tle aÈltù {iay ol tbst
l€!,t lh€)qr 1147, sinF rhsesrtacl'ldid.Òr stat th..ity ol
'ù at rbr libe ol tte Se6!d Crumdc. lD aèstdtr CdDsny
l-olo3@
dlain peDit€Dti,l lrrB F@ reit€it at tle N€w I6r's seNo!,
hclseD N.w Ycal! Ddy ÀDd ú. Day ol Aton€m€bl. ]ùir
ea5 Darticularly true of ColosDe, ror, aibrdiDr ló Zu, lb.
coloele rit@l sùos, lhirrJ-rhÉe p.droriùl h}t6lor lìe day
ldoe rh. NN Yer, qtùru Wohe sùoss orL fourietr,
{ Tb€ nfuh d€@ibed i! th€ \ool3 Púda a[d Mdhú V;ttu
iodi"Àtc thst in Cotosìe.,s itr Pùì.stú., rlr Dsy ol Atotrú.tri
and
qasbroushr ro an eld rcr by o.e blagl ol rhc
a3h tl. usuèl
'Lld',
Gl,on, ùul by loú !ou!& (D'rrDl For olhú
curobs3Dd il,e8
pd'djd tq CÒlosre s. rell a, to M.i!4 cl. Aptoritrd. r'ró
rf.!*i
Noks
Tha fetos ol Colosne
rrot,1938, pp, ,t6/F{}5.
th€ tw€lftt entuy belon8 R.bli Eli€zo b€! Shimslor,
Raùbi Saúlel !èn Notùùai, Rrbbi Eph.ain bù Jaob, Robbi
Joel bèD I3a& ba-Idi ol Bonn. erd Rsbbi Eli*r hd Jel h6Lvi îb€ 6.!t mm€d in thir srid was s pupil ol the f.mf0, Ism
b€D Ash€r hÀ-Idi ol Spèy€. end ol tùe i!ùbiol Mainr- I.113,
*e 6!d hin .r rabbi ú Colósre, ard dchdrsins *hobrly cóne
pol(|.ne *itL ùi! elltires, Rabbi Dliezd ier Nathùn of Mùint
ald witl lh€ lÈtbr's &n-iù-lsw, Rabùi Samuel b€n Nat aùai,
Brbbi Elider ben N6thm d€slibd him G "a hlt alttr nr own
h€rt," rs hi3 "aLsr úd belov€d couiù," u "thè ìión of rÉ cÒD8ft8ÀtioL" À de.isio! r4d€red by EIi@! b€! Shinsboù in th€
I'To
355
d.èd ol sift r$ À bjet ot pbloùeFd
ù€;hdu ol tùat d;y. Otìdr sm;q bk_d<isio;s,
dealiùg vith nmisge lùr, .ituÌ óúd ptuyq, src ùot oDly LroF4
but @ cit d * dulhoútarive by Mord@i h.ù EiI€l and ùr Isa&
Dstte ol
dinsiotr
Or
À
lslsly {bt€d
by
Zùu'a, E€ pmbùtly t@t p.It h tbe SFod ol Trolcs ù I l@.
repùt&tioD, momvq, rest3 not úlone lpor Lis ottstaùdins
l€Bll bowl€dgè lut !ùo ùpon tLè fsct tùdt h€ Fe a gilt€d p@L
Abob8 rlè poem! h. Mot. fÒr uc itr lle sFrao3xc aF lhÒ*
llis
for rù" cv"trins sepie of tùc Feasr of Tabena.l4.
b€n NatrcDÀi was e .oU€as!€ ol tubbi Eliea
b€D Shimsbo! iù the .abbinate ot Colosle. IÌi! falheÈúùF,
Bobbi Eli€ftr ben Nrth!4 rd@il to lih a3 "s highty spiítuÀl
jourd." The third nÀì in thé lbt, Rèbhi Dpùhih ùd úob,
prestrmobly is Ào othe thùD lh€ &!ìhor ol t!€ lfeDorial BóÒk ol
@DDosed
R;bbi Sanùel
pú*ntioùs duriDg tle Seoùd C.ed., H€ me bom a.oùd
rù. p.riod ol dd84 he qa,moùg tùe Ffuss
llî3. Dùins
itr lùp ('Nll€ ol Woll.?trbus. A lfr dayc béloR lùr bosr
!l Neus itr 1187. be oDe ro Colomc whpFhe msin.d lorrcDe
tin€. Il tìe sùoÌù is rdly id€iticÌ silb th€ .hoDi.l€r, on€
bu+ 8dd lo hk litdsry sorùs Dnt obly r.r,tu, hi! stm.rr.
tL€
otr rhebeocdi.rio.É 3.d NltoDs @mar.d nirh rlc oEuciriotr
e.€nony, and his comnenley to lhe ùoìiday p.areFhooL, but
l!ry€ h@hq ol Elisioù peEe.
Rsbbi JÒèl b.D Iss* ha-Idi Faq 6 m.bbd ól s! old ad
heny-b.an hed lanily of $holars who rcre cout€d rhoas tL€
nost lúoùs talnùdists ol Gemany bet{en the t*elllh .rd the
toùt*nt! sntui€s. Ee wa3 the óùpil md soÈi!-ldF ól Rabhi
Eli@r ber Nathu ol MaiD, IIis sctirity a! Eùbi i! C.losr.
la3ted lor son€ time. His d€cisioús on ritual dùd haÈias€ law
sm quohl sùlsrqu€rlÌy by hù sótr. Ralbi Eli*r, a.d hr lh€
f.nous lsùc O. Zùru'À. H€ ir ooLio!€d al$ as ùe autbor ol
*ye! .eltioùs poem, among th€D !! €leey d€dicat.d to tìe
h@ory of the nùi}ls of Colosne, It hls beù suggested thet
Babbi Alicdor h.! Elija.h ù.-rold, plobably a RhiD€bbdd
by o.i8h, who @ €oùt d lnoùR tLe sftdtesr authonri$ ol ìis
dry aill his d€sìb at a ripe old ùs€ in Viema, was s pùpil of R!ùbi
Jo.l iD ColoeÈe, Cf. Altowitz€r, ibid., pp. 41Í.
:0In lhe eort cir€d above, Aptowitzer 6rd Rlbhi Eùed'!
dltcs ús 1140-1225. He iB tùè.uthor ot lbe Sefd RzbúI ùd
or tle s..ffl ,{hnrd.r. Tbe lomú co!.ists of lecÈÌ deinom ùd
dlso s
quesliotrs dolin{ ritì DÀttds ol Drsr€r, $bbath
ob*Fào.., úd holidar obsúruoe. lt louossih. o.d* or rh€
Túloud. fton tùb b@L ì. èÌiEilst d aU msnù irvolvi!.
lar. Flich Fùe Ào loùsq applicabL to ù.i, tine. îùe ,5'J;
À$ers to
The Jeus ol Cologne
/hjae.f otrtriE Dltter @ùet"d
lmily lite iDd
Coeil $e d.o
púvsù.
6ùduct ircludìry deieioùr otr tt€ 'irb
Drohibirrd ùd Dmìrred."
E. 3ùo wt! Ieqld 4 F.ll N erpb@riols ro thc Torsh úd
PFMAbI-y at lhe .oDt*ne ol M.iD etr.l Sp"yer a resda.
lìoo ras adóptrd sh'cb has loub.t s@Draoc D;riobe i! ú.
Rùinclard but alxo .vrruh"F itr cdtuqr. Ii a sonsD di€d
cùiìdle$ duilg th" 6Bt Jcar ol nsried lie t[e eDrir dosry
ihi.ù rh. bbuglt to hcr hBbsùd NdLs to h$ lsrber úd hi!
heirsi if duitrs th. 6doùd ydr, ó.ly balf tbe doMv ùue Fe€rrs.
This-dr66lrcD tle.útom th"o airpt.d it ftaoe, iù* oùly
tù.6mt p8rt of this RsùlatioD sas€lforcol.
_ Rabbi Eli*ls @Ìlqsr6 ir rhe hhbinarc of Cologr. wR
I
,r'lvt
l
I
Mo.bm hèn David.
Rsbùi Abhlàm tu th€ author ol Àrrr stru Ioó.
a €bali.tic erplúàrioD of lb. NrD. of Cod. úd ól a @balhti.
mbb.Dtary où rùe B.ok ol PslD& Uós{, lnd t_h. Book ot
SùesltGI b€a Memb€D rùd
r
Th$
Eame
AI thèe ùe súll upùbÌFled. AlúsÙos rrularioo
*as p.irted in Amst rdln io 1810, ald iD Jellb€Ls.t/flunl
JudBFs.
loòùdàrldàd,f!dt/r. If,iDzi!. r86J.
rr Itr @DDÈroì lirh r'he-i€Bomtitie or colomc ,uùe
aE
to b. mrDlioD€d tso Flstives ol Rrbbi Meir oaR.rhenbur.
''Mashter S.lisnaDDs, Fslly Btuh b€o UsbÀr{ h3-Koùr;
i. Delliorcd with epet by n bbi Mèir. flewara lùÈqoFnv
coloere, rDd d h.mbo of rh. cilr'e J€sirb có],Ddl
lbD 1255 to 1266, Aooùr rcblilp ol R0bbi M€L qB JsLar
ber Sdnu€l ì&"Iéh, vào *& hehl$ of th€ Coucil lroh 1266
lo l2ql. H. is L&m as tbe ourbór ót €isht .elisiou po@E
rDory rhú r sotrs lnr a $eddiossobbath tbd ù atep d€atiú
witù lhc Dr':mtioo in PloEùein duinc sbi<b hu itlhc [rA
l6t bis life. H" ir neolioùed. b"Eoeer, io a baDlqipr ol s
oú* i!
adle úittd i!
tb. Sral.
Àbd
l4r4 ud row pttÉwqt u Cod. d,úr. 37 i!
Ubireity Library ol Eahhurg, Hal"im brtr
Y€birl Eclcr' Zahùb *tu ! mmber of rhe Je*iib Co'i,icit tmn
1266 to 1292, Ee wasiDdÉd aroql,emDoraryól Alherb.n Yehi€l
lot tB oldqbrelbe, tD l:87 be baod€d rhcdelecùrioD qbicà
b.sóris'.d q:r h Rudolpt of Uapsbus for rbe ElqF ol M€ir ól
but
Rolhenburs, Tbe HùryiD ùd y€hhl $hó
old€r
"d. AlbFs
b.Òthe. aùd tt&ler *ens to hwè 6ct€d lor $ne
ìib€ as rsbbi
i! coblelz !d larfr b coloere qhpF he Dbdùc€d a lubq ol
ùtrwy-sorks. Aslì* b€n Yehi€l bims"U ìived ib Cologù€ tiù
l18l belóF eúi8ratiDs to Spúil tó beone rù€ sDintu,t [ead ol
lù. Toledo.olmuity a&l thus aBltiDx lhe reljsióus atrirud.r
or G@!! Jéqry oalo tte Judaiu ol splin. li@bes of rùr
the selrhy Ul,@rtrDU. of Du.Ftr (JÈbudsh
b.D Ssru€l), tìe @ltby .!d Duch-rÈvèlled Solomo! ot Ba*l
lsnboD of Maimì, rbó subseqú€otly cosdsed iD ibsr loos qu^rFl
with rùe cobDuitr as alFady;@iioì.d. HalTir;;o. ór
lse Or zsru'., li!Ài* lived i! Colose ior s "hó;ariúe dud!
th€ s@ù<l ùsU ol th€ 13th @tùy acL tdndrl,
€d. Cmoú:
I
.l
I
do Do$ss ther
@úklbl. oder
sbic[ rss qritle! br tù" (ribe
Simon hÀ-Levi betF€@
sDd
April l29i
of tb€ JIúrn.
Im,
dl@irotor. -\xlhatr bd
sDd SepteEber l:-,96,
tor bir
Bffhvsb. Tbe codet i! to h€
I.úd úq.ia be Akad.nb da ,r urMllth ir Budlpèt as
Th€ Jcdisb @b@urirv. lil€ coló@e ir*lf. could bo3sr ot s
li& óf lmour nibd r;d illumimtòrs. AsiJé 1106 rbe sibal
wo* ol Nsthd ìd Simoù hq-I4vi, re hÀv€ lrob rle súè
pèiod LbJ ruo-volúp HebrR Brbl€ rhicb Josph ór xdteq
so. of Krlotr'îor ol Neus, wro& lor hs relarnè Íos bd
Jmb. The illmitrstions ol lhh Bibl., bosee€r. daLe 1rc6 a
laLer pdiod tlù tbe miti.s. T!€ Bibl€ sa. in t5; possio! ol
ù prnrb pcMD iì Frall,iort. lt L pos.ibl€ aho rhar úe Pèotalèu(-h witù lbe OùÌèloe lralslaliotr;DJ tbe Rasbi otutnuft.
m ld ir 1296 by Elis b.D Y€ùi€l [f€,hu]ab lor Rlbhr Jo*óh
M{l€l bo Jo*ph, orisimtdl in rhe le.sbb.rho.d ut Cotóór.
Th. chiel lealue ol úis P€lt t€ucb n.DkdDt E tbe d@miio!
ia lhé lorm ol RpRsetrtlriÒbr ol arcipnt mún*tù. A Babbr
Mo*, oÎ Colos is o€otioled ú d sùLhonrj io a naotgipt
of À CéEu naL4r 6nDl€l€d iq r3e8 and òoE foùd rt úP
Valicao LibBry. A Joet b€D Sib6n ol Colos!€ o.igia iq the
6ll@tù motrúy is boeq lo have nrit'rD loù lhilai.d
l1o4rdloÀr, anoos lbm tlelùoùobe at Dr€*Àt io i bc \arioral
I{u*u of Nuehbùs. 'Ihe llùDab;ah b€o David r€LutEl
bs.Kobe! m.trrióbed it!rcùcr mabuar.Dl or rhe C€Ea! rit
(sriltd i! lbe r€ù l52i ud los ù tbc Ubr r ol tbe J.wiú
Thpoló8ical s€nirdry ot Aherjca, aod?/ r.,Jdù- AdlÈ 47 ú
n rtrp N]!rN p pr tDrr t.@r nrDlr lDrr- tr -:.r, Dbr bae€heo
,ctiv€ in otre of lhe commuoilie! ól tbÈ P!vÈ( ol Colo&le,
pFlmatly Deulr. sitre io rhe.ny ir*ú J.rs q€F !o lo;sú
(o be foud. Thc ndlaof of rùe CeiDaD cobbùrlv ot Absr{dM, rlicb sN lons tùóurht [o reprefDr rhe CoioEÈe rite, is
B*.iù"d by Lssc VùÉtr ró rbe nfiDdùod ú 4ebú;t. b it ú
tó bè loùDd the óldèr GomùD ritè as ftll ac 6triré of Doltùem
}\aùe. Tbe Jewilb conuuity ol Fn€dberq rcss6 twÒ vothcs or a prsleFboot, loom as ,rdr2d ar;.draq, ebicb !rc
brolh(.i!-law AbrahrE b;À
358
Tha Jeaa oJ Colosne
359
Mù.d s lollóiibs lbc.ilc of co'ocn" Altbóù*h ir has be!
Nmdi geoedlly l-bst lhiq sork w;. Mrlt"n it t282, rtc f"w
dúorùhve i€Ltù! !trd ir" ornamcnt,'rion ot hte Corbic noLrf
arigl il to rÙè r\ltrnth Fùtu-y dc.pirp ir. séne-alR {,.ru""qrc
dlh,
Sin.e rhp piy{xrla aúd yllÀ,t à- tortou.
"l thh ..4:@,
no lDDspr po$:ble to dcci,le iù hou fJr its.uD'ro.3
d*nLe
lrod tùe R!€úish liì€. In aDy event
Colosne .iìe sith regl.d
io rbp &úJrn€ ol lhe r/ú.,r on rhc 0ishr of I an A.t !"., uútioned ahuve, L ó^t louod in rtu JlùtÈa' ItedLùù-
il n
tlt
rAmoîc iùc schot'B of thp ppr,"J b"foP ir4e
h.
"ù"ulJbèr
,l.bbiJà,!ù h.n H.,\biJoshuc. Rabbi Uo,he
Bohh, Yprah.n.l Ls liDhèn. nJbh \lo-1" ù"n lì:ùl,r S.mu"t,
R:hb, J
bcn Rdbbr rnon |[-L"v', Ral,hr \toòhè bèD Rsbbi
'rloh {lcsandpr 5ù""+ior1, au'hlr ,f ,as,/dur,
simon, Iì,Ùhi
r surl
on tùe ritu.l, Tùè l$t naned mrr Le identical ;iù rhe Jesisb
"bisù-p br lhc..mpDsbe,ondrrobJbh | \c,l rocdasedúio!
in.lù,1.J sl"n
tbe lscnrip" ul rùe fourftùth ceorury. iarsrLiùr4
a quarEr in I J30.
ú€ì,,)
alie;
Aft€.118 re.dnittàDe ol t[e Jews rÒ Colosae in 13??, rle
6Ft r.bbi n"ùtrcocd
iD th. c'rJì a-ouor b;ks ù Ueir b.n
Sanu.lla-b-bd ol NoÍìIsbrl. srne tJ0:, bc. Rlons r,lh hir
gl,bJrîthcr, Jr.o!. rDd
lilla
s
€d
ft
'hc lì'e Jps€ of .
Itr I l\1, mrni".ionèd b)
i!
fam'lr', I r€,1 rb ùlaiM.
,,'^Cna. bc pJrti.ipaled
tùè nshhohal SJDod ol
th" dp.i.iob. ol nhi.h trèr
px.ti.ula.ly impod€nt fo. Colosn€.
^lainz, l'o. it wN th€re rhar rhe
reeÙalion sJs ùdóprf,d rùaDsirs tbc oDe bùDdr€d ro ttró ùúùed
zr: t^ lr Fid a vomab ib mrcrdùn.c s irh thr nipuhria.s of rhe
nariaFè{ontrx.t. from .olnsrc noncy, sbj.b rri u*d trtlúpo,
ìo sir Lù.lrel s dpn- l-Íy Jcare latpr sc hú, lb&u8ù rhp
rrtponio ól Mùto^1,lhar lbh FsriJtioo raq not beins ;b.yr,l
,! Colosúè AfuDJ Lr85 Rabhi Mcir uf Nordn.u*tr s€ns to
hsve d.nar..d ImD ..,l"cnc, lor duins th. bert dc.lde his
p!ècebcr cao bc nrovèd iù FrJolIoa Io colDsrc bi3 rolcmpoF
tn. Mî.ta_ Sóluù"b "f Pons. uú "am" r" (ìl;qùe
Elut anJ Rùo.eboob reivcpsrlicular
metrrioD, t|'oDùs
or Sp"J.r qho úay hrv. b€pn r brorhd of rbè J.wFh _Bi.hoD'
Ituc ol Montjoie and ol B eLl, crcdito. ol the Cny ol Colog;€
rld l.t€..esidènt ol lvo.ms, llis Ilebrer nane {as llenah-ù
Ziub sob ol lùe ìtabbi llcir il,lo Ddtur. id"trti6e,l L\ BRnn sirh
_\emeiu of Sp.ya. VaDnusof sprjer.bo-"v€r.6pt"o8.roue
ereoties and pisùri4 ól tlìc faurp.ùib cenlúr, tha' b b
'E
s4.d ùrlf. lle,qac a lios! sl !ùl mrqv-sid.d iDer frcn sbos
bed !o lpw€r rùrD .eveoty póeDc,€ Looso Moó{ lt€n {h€
Gl€e (lindÌ) 'pon ìuÉ ì'.r ud th€ sabbstt ersthnrì' 77D..D.
aries wère
Í.am
To t[e 6ftt qtrarrd ol tl. GflFtrth @rurT b.loDq EDb,aiE brt \i. hlosb sB Cmpreùl, sbo [k,l in
Bot;trssle
'h. or s ú.riyrio
yfq rh e9 9' vrvu. aod 8'oo(Lsr
:-9ró3ne
51
Lnczcr cnd ripmabì or Uqoùbrù.cl. ard aho ot th€ rmÌtùy
Sdìai0. ltr.o/.r II02 dr ffDrd hc is b.nrDFd à. lh€ fifl;r
oRD4 Òl ! (ltrin prayq-boo!. lli, lamc also Nù. .t rbèeod
oI lheloùlh eoluneóliblt nasrifdr ydÀr?A ldd.{ urr,.útr{
àbove. A bDbcr oI repmrd
add"d Àr rh. eo Iot
fourh
'pr€ siglrtuè rt rtc cnJrbe
vÒlme or lbi3.b€n,rsipr. TÈ€
6f rù"e
FaurùdrJ aod ctearly Mitt D ilo.@eots indi€ips rhdt Lùee
had bpo rcpicd by chpFcbr. e! of \.iru, ÀDd *ú.Lon ;f
srarn, Ihe dal€ aiv.D corspotrds
lfarch 5, t{t i.
ú tbc [email protected]è -oto bpilsropEMablv
e à Butr ot
rhe sEorb uo'o! or I ll2, and *ved !s rhe Àdhù slBbor buildie
sùrl lbp mfttios pl@ ol rlìe sutboritirs oI thc nrlate shici
Imó lbe uiob ól lhe vùious .Òb m uniricq. Tù!r E sby
a(usroDdi to Ftcr to tùe A@rdàd,r Lr rh;
za,1ad., i, c., Cuil'l Oarb Hoùq. Ir *rcd $ rh.àru|rù (ouo
ra'Lne ebliE Old ciiy, aod búr bRre b.cD lirured a6or i!
lb. rnler ór lhe city iD 1106, I Dtil rìe niddle oI tbe tourr6oú
cnhùy it r$ 3 6ù€-lootiM hùildinp.
rTh. kFpins ol d€t6itù Eo.d; itr *hich s4 err€Fd lll
pnealebùcid6! l|ùBscliols. espeùùy 3ùcb !s dètr Fj!h ted
FsUJl,€d
Fal+rtdtèr beoúe cBloma.y itr aI c rs. Itr cótó@. ùjr
sJrteù q!3 slFùù fu!.tiooiri in ttJ5, oartirulortf i! tÀe bEi.
Dels s{tid ol.Crot St. Martitr. tr d.;eÌoped i! ib. toùosins
ndDbcr. Tb. súe ol lhc.ity obd tùe lérs. r:mb.r ol r"st+ll!.
I ratr$ctlolq madc i( **!rid ro k&p À Rord ot ib. Ì.slt clllse
udergooe òy .a.b pipe of property, At 6ht Lùis
es
kepl où larse rolls or p.rcùùebl. Elch parilh & sell'€rc
ss yechl
s{urar dirisiotrs of the srcéter citr hsd a bD on shi.b Lùe
r@rdr reE !ot€d. 'It€ maD Esr Leot b s rrud! r,6na,ì3Dd, lheFfoE, sas olldl Sc;m&taf;, ór, ÌrreEuv. rnrl-h"DBer"bùins ritb l?4O o .ha.rc srr nadr bv the ,ibltirutio! àl
book for tù€* bap3. h setr4sl rh. keóilc ot rì4 lwrd!
Rp.*lted obe of th. bost ds!i6@t oDinbìUoN of Colonè
|Ó rhe Ìesal dev€lopDetrt in tltè thd*lth aod toùralr! ;Detrd
'rltr_tùe tr€lfth c6tury, tseiúics sa-ú-lar ot SMUd, i!
Eth lm boù*s, aDd $l@ù!us. or Sotooo!, witt
bE houss..Io lhe tbirreùth.{rury Neyòs ol SiEiC h;d tm
9reúk'1
B sls tFo bóle: M.ais tDd pú,,
of Antreib rlree; ,t*ph of Aìh.iler Lh;
or Ioú; Jo*pù ol St. Tbùd rhft or tou; Cujtheil
ÀoMe: cod.rchrlcus ól
rso boud:
eldq.
úft
Ilsc
ì
360
The
Notes
leus oÍ Calosne
I** de Porù! ól TideD tìre: S"licnolnùa si!
[otró{ thoush nót all Àt otre tine; Liv€maùlus ot Dudú,
D"9:j Ddmrqrn.
Duètk.0..
961
D,cFn. Et,c.,
ErÈ"hnz.
dsùqbtd oI
P-l".h..
6v., aod ùi( brorhq [email protected]óù tI? aDJ , bÀlf: Jo*pb
rhe ion oi Jacob and Rra. tfto buurs ù.'l a sh0F io leo otlers,
MuDloh, Mucn!rcF,trt. Npus, tùmas€i, R"eJIiDse!.
^t^h€ni.b,5'ozrÀ. ùrohncro! uerd'naÈb.
.retoùrg.
tìF-Jcqish bi3hoFs bèforè l'ìtJ. RabbiJoqph
,ber5Tle.last
lhbbi Isùùr. R3hhi Jopl &n uf Rsbhi rI ,rdè, sr,
tLtrbi
"!d1 àr..\,..
.oq
sJlÒb^
of the shuhr nabli J.r.ob, \éR enols rhr
Itr adJili,,b. lhcF $cF IULhr JJ,ob b"D Rsbbi Jo.Lus, rbe
learred Babl'i Mo*s betr Rabbi S!hu€1, Rabhi rùes ben risLbi
Sihnn ha-L?vi. Rrbb' Ju.l.'h ben nrbbi 5,roD, .b.t tbe trobte
Itr the foù.tetrth cstuy Synón ol Bdshein h.d two houa3;
JoeDb ol Bers, lso: JaNb voD dù ft.npd, on€ È"@,Dd a
itr lwo ìlher nropeths; SGLind or Neù.s. tìc J€eish
sha;
_b:shop ib l,?8\, had leo ho@s: -{ù+lh aDd Coilù"iÌ, two:
Jó*ph ol Abrr"iìcr tb€robea. ihI."to foú:SolomorofMoiDt
brd iltR lo foù,ÌoDs.iib soDe esL!le.: An-eìm ol OstrdbruFù,
$oúd thÉ ùoùcèsi lsD. Sche, tso rDd.5Lare ib rhFe olhds;
Dórlnùd, lou.,
1! In 1326 this hoe i!
Jóhel ol
'
1,Or thé $ect€ú
bèntion€d
N swilg ib oriSiìal
!u-
ol tle nod€m Ilad€rb€.g€slra$e, tle
tle poirt shqe tle Alter BiscLohEes
ttrms lrcú th€ BomeNtr$s, TLi3 td. ùe Òld€sl @n€t€ry of
t0 A lùie reJer€ncè ól tbe loùlmth entúy spet3 ol thc Jei
Dsvúca tlrol thFeflarils for tìi.emetdy. A docM.nt daling
sid€
old Brùehlqstlae, at
h@ a2l?.DrskrÒfrh"FNúlr.e b
rne
J.ts
in rh.ù po$esrio!
ol rb€s 6v. sm dpspfe the dsibs óÎ rbe Krisht OrLli€b tùo
had leld th€n N ùis 6el sìnce 1174,
tr Ia duneratins Uì€ debto.s of Sido! ol Si€gbù8, úotioù
n nad€ i! lht 6rsi pb.e,lor the doi. J,truarv 3, 1J69, olthe
cdrl von Bd! Àtrd bk rfe sho ósed & debl of 4,968 6onór
(abnnd lAl,33O rcrol horkr. tlc osed lhB debt. h"qrver, Dór
;!lv to SiDotr von Shsbùr, bur tohin joiDed silh KoprrlDrno
ófÈrurhl atrdJo*Db ol Bfll"ìl. lj|,?r"D. amud I.100. rhe DuLe
eo! Bersisésain toutrd ro b€ i! rù.,lebt of sev€ral ColoFe Js!.
-{lter tÉ coDtr ol Du"s.ldoÍ io lJS7, tlì. Costr J."els 3.d
Earls of Dul!è Silliam voh B.lg tre foúnd ib pseD in coloslc.
îbe Cityol colosle rÉp*t d his rcquqsl t9 torbid lhc Jcts.!d
rambarile lo Fa;l , Ió,o oo his jsels. N€varb€hs, !rcubd
mqo ol lbis Dukc '83 iD ColosÌe as a ll€rllt iD tl.
ol LheJew vrryu ol ardemach
Do!*sio!
' t Ad ueru
î
ú i,a J ulfu ú rmqni tÉr.t tti p< a,
^úr4n;tund Co b a4ntun t'oloaì.adu n, a úèr
a. dJ ùtutu J u,iú6ù^
zù fritt^ oJe ar júa; so lor .lmple itr 13 3, l3l d l Ì57, 1375,
r40O
lbc
|
1395, r,l{)4.
t Aonntuitn àùiun.t lula@tuù útù,;d,
, Tbé lollowiq lo@c ol lb€ arcbbishopri" !F
s.DrióDed 0r
hsrúqFno€sed De$dtiou úd lorl@ ol lhén J.wisù iolab!
ts!tr:-Alde!ùove!, Ahs€ilq, Bùs, Beuel Bladelhss, Boú,
Rabbi Jolpph bcD tlùbbi Jdúah. ..Jtèd
tù.
)tr.tut
doqpr ot
t.e
e It dèsl3 rit! the hou* rbd lud that had beeù h
rbe h3lds
JeFs beforè 13.1C, àtrd eit! erLiin cilr aúobts (nos. A i).
to this recórd rÀe archbishop €ri.usred rhè slte of tti3
propcry
^@órdineto tso.iti,Dcof col.s!e, Johion r"b Hom. Ll,phL 3ro
ùl'lùm.D, atrd E,lmund DirLelin, Ane! rLc d-"tb oi tb;kìishr
Jobbo vDo Horn ió t360. tùè.iry pùl bhi.phÉJoorhatìreiL
ÒJ
Johdn ,oq Hi.rz. úb,1, rrrcr r[; d"Jrb or b;.h rh. lru..*., ("o
ùew.omi$ioùe.sr the àlde@ú lleiùi.h &! Àùiì i. .Vilzir-
srJven 0!d cerùd vao
*{
r'Ltib. Ther $.ré FJltpd au rhe
oI lùeir pble.e.{6. lmm lhe cir-r rF;ú. ir \óLld
rhst lbe amhbisbóp see r:pF*nrpd bL lhc Dtu ot ìJrry
pówers
or Inesrèpq !bd rbe rcvpnu.4u ci (orJohrú, sbite thc.it! $as
repEsmted bv Johohn voD llo.n. tt Ìas t[e duir ol rhesè'.ohnisciuDe^ la lale.bùryr ol tùe RtrtiDs ano ih" a,l" ot , o. prop
èrJ, rD aùy c\eol rt,è, rry s @oùt\ coDtîi! rbe reord ot rh.
ori{i,ol sahs, Tùc rho commi.,ioncF n.ùr, bÀl in rue recorq-
book plÒbàblI .eFese.t rL€ lesrl pc.son.liries
rho [eld ùé
l"r nurro*s of f"m!l ,,o\,-.,n,inn, sbeF.s
416l qh. and iL" Lk€ serc na,re bJ -rÉr comu"$,-trere,
.ùÙrc pron+fry
r]jr
oi wùon Jol'aoq votr Uom eùs slyr onc.
a7 This archiepìscopaì Privil€&! hls
cone dorn
tÒ ùs E sere.Àr
ropics. 4F,ùs tlFc i.. rrioqrinr pr,p
l-. rbe Deio ol
'cl
Nary ol lhc Sréps ir 137i, l! Cartulrrr !o. 2 lor tbr ,{rc[dùcùy ol Colos.€, rÒ* preservcJ nì tle St.t. 'lrclivè et Due$eldorf, rùè |lrN lesporO.robd t. tt" I ic r...r.Lod
b.i0R iJ"nriel
silh rhcPri\',.s.of 1372. 1bc.,'ùr i. r eof ".
lh"er.:liosrcpy
ol rhe Privileqe ol ociob€r l 1414.
rsln I.i7i-l,rr3 it .onlaitrpd 6l.e^tr rr\.prJ:ns hou{.Loldsj
1373 lî74 only scvcD pîirl raic.: lJ:1 I'i.i, iou;tfDr !.r lh;
!€rt rkó yeeB, 13?5-rJiì dd 1376 1377, 6freen ire Ìisted; Ì38lF
l3a5 dre housholds aÈ ùhedi 1335-1386 reù; 1386-1387
I
The JatE ol Colnsno
362
363
trelv.;
1387-1388
ttelvè; 138a
1389 silt€eni
1389-1390lt€trty-
*r.n: 1390 1391 thùtyi 1391 1392 tLirtyi 1392 13gA thirtv{rci
l,ll4 rsenlyjóúi l4l5 aod l416-1417 ts€bty*rv.tri l4l8
tsrDr.Jitr, l4l9 lreot) lou: 1,120 leeqtJ_bim: l't2l lreqty_
*vctr, 1422 twcolJaigÈl; 1423 lrPnlj rir' l'124 èt.vcn
It Fo. €xùDte. of the 16,013 nar}3 6 3!illi4s bono*d bv the
c;tv itr 137r, i,462 Eùùs 8 shilìiDs. cú" frcú th" J€qs. Of the
l$i-nentùFd sm, AbrÀhaù ol Yút*nelhlhosFb (sho nrv
h"v€ h&D relattd Lo rhe aurhorof a?lel ]/@Àa) sDd S"haiElor&d
ùn amoúl "quar
Jduarv 1350, 3,0a1 norl6 ad 4
'n
d itrt re"t o1300 m!'k'
in mndc; dónee ro 34.541 narks, rt'hiÌlin3s.
thar E 9.7%. Tliù th*tso @ou'butrd oo€lù'Àl Òf rbc nob'v
loatrrd bv ù€ Jc"s ard 00È61ú of lìe enlt.lóù Dùiba th€
;;;s 13"75 139r Schaifi l@trèd th€ citv, óitler priút lv or iú
;ssúiatiob qilù olhff CoÌósre JeRs. rbe su ol 43.200 Dsrka
itr oodpmEo.c] 28,000 mrl! ol Lhrs 5m
nodm noney, tére crtlinly hb om
eho* d@trdal resù@3 {€É dnÉ ulbr tt tlst
n eF schaiE . 3oÈin-lst VvvE, Movs ol Bsclùrh' AbE
t[rL is
54O.0OO
35O.O0O iú
.0 OtLeB
tim€
ùÀn ól KatzÉeUdboc€c AD;db ol lnbietèin, M!úu ol
SFvd. viqs ol G.lnúuco, Nslhatr ol Bù& llds ol AodeF
;;ù, to qhom thr dúal qo.D olBqs bsd b.d si!@ in p-ledcE
Jóèd;lv! or E"idelberr, úd, dun'sìbc Isi d{ad. ol JeFish
rbe
*ìa",i* in rt" "ity, il" +.isb Blshop sov.kint M€vdlhre
$! ol Móvss ol Belfacb, ad.l JÈ6b or Nórdhaus
;;
th€
rc;Edtstie€' ol
tbe
Jc's,
l-b€
fiMdal
supportds or
{ Tbm is !o doubt ol th. aulhotidtv ol tbe Àrclhisbóp's
d"@;r, ;irbo,sh it i" d, t"d ocloher I , i4l4 qbdes the arc!'
bisbop died or Lb€
Pdiou
April 9.
cl€d tìÀt Archbbhop Di.trich Yo! Mom (1414-1463)
acl.l;sbdcqi rùe rolditv ol tle asî€@ert úalsed b€tq€"
lhe v'rv
tl. J€e3 úd his u.lc aod prèdceMt. Nc!€rtb€l6a
ii'r .dnc he ha.a bis omcili otc tb. Jewscitvol ColosDc b€roE ùi3
Cox-rcil ìdt'rpd€d
*À";i,"ìii.t t',1*t To lhis útiob ù.
.lìirrinN on the mùùd tìtt it lDlaled the srcbbÈbops aet*
lN
It
is
rìe
i'"ii'"uu tl" *;" ..a the cry. Tb€ Cóúcil dtDùod€d
b"db"ncmùr ol.ihtioa túl ÈIlrr Easter, 6!d 3r tbc @c rn.
ir[; for r Dcelirg sitb rhe .rcbbilhopt m.tr td lbethepurpoa
sFh.iìt.-"gtlv **!.i'i"s tbt.trrire À,lurio! ThÉ
ùi.u." ."?u'ia. Ee erplai-D.d lhrt b. bad "ile.l rhP J€q3 ror
hÀitts qbicn.oredà odr h@slf .!d Lhdelore @ìtd lot
adDiL
tlat ta tEd b@ sunti of vioLlilg
th€ Pliril.ge.
ID órqqu"tre ol rht di$sffieDl rì. JN. djd &t lDmar
ar Inc ùne *r fór.ùseitra lhe shhob.. Th.Eutun úé;;.hbBhop Fp.atqt b's ibsitarioD. rùrearc.ibs rhe Jeq; $fh sdou
puFheot D s< ora rppatpd t it@ to aDD-sr. But,heCirv
( ou.rr ar$ Fpcaied fslhj.ctiore a the
moF ibsFr€qrtr rbi.
I'he i'ne a Dhbrr ól.cùristiàDs boq anpèFd ro b. b.tcrl up
roth.€batr
Btsr;
It s*b3 to have ù*n FhìÈd 6na iD ;@rdJne
" O<mb"r ri,
srtb lh€
or rb. cil', for, ar p hav",(D, otr
'isbec
Àtrd s€re
ùth sMnoocd by lhe ar.bbr.bop.
rrlrie wb're.
rerb. at Ar,-úDs srsrMund ÀssiD Eriripd the pnsiJes?
rctrr€d
tb€ Jesr or colorc€ br AEhbishoD Fréde.i.ì.
A,rcr b@lhc lsr{, ìosev€r. it" drbbi,bop rbÒs.d hibcÌt
.nGÙr€
ro rb. rne cgè d$tf€ ir! Eoesed Èl,tì.stio.. Thie tim€
! Dallù or ooreJ sas ib'olved. Tbe fult .ofi.F shj"h
\rctbFhop rledninL bod tctr b€hid di.l bor su6ft ro,"v.f rhe
plùUon cxp€o.es ol Diptri.b. hi. mph." ,nd
sqior. CoDe
qùèDuy be is roFÀt to Donsase th. m^r prodùcrrve of rb.
arnn'sops rol@s or
eorl rill trsr a.onnd"r.bt.
'tr.oú..
est{ìiFbprl al,(o^mt!ke, Arcùbhhop Dhrnrh voD t]@h prc
rd?d-to ser his boùDcÉ i! Òrd.r. Chalt] rb. Jcs! ot Co6mè
qodd havc lo cóhp to hi! aid, sod hè demabd.d rùat th.r
sìre
g"lgtî rt€ sm ror shhh DFrri.h b3d u'rdsrc
!i1,25.q9
ro rb€ . y batf rÀe i.rome ot the toth ftob Bontr. tfaù ìhe
J€'s b..ibted io !.edc ro ther d.nabdE. thc srhbisùop. ó!
July2, 1417. -ummÒD€d th. J.'i,h -BisbóD So,,Lirr. ú;,*
th. soD of Molio ot Bdchmh. ,.d ih€ Ja$.'- ;r cot;sd iD
Fqaal. ro lppéNn€forc hib at Popp"tsd"f o; ,tul' t;lú. fle
rù€Mlcd,rn mrÀdtu-r alttteirprivitege, it rhèr- toilel r o app.$.
A roDs-dr.ÙD cotrdi.t rottored. Th. J€ns sDÈaJed lo borh
lrhbjshop aDd ciry, Th. larrer paitiÒDed th; srchbhhop to
cso@itbe3uDmóDsroL!€J.Rs.sirFit qÀcoorrarj roibf ci,) s
Iiberies.. Th€ arcbbishop yhld.d l.lh€ encrr ot Érpoains tb.
daté of.th.ifu ppe-a-raD6 lrom tbc r?'h. qhi.h G ;o;sar;d.y,
to thc ro'losiq Mooday, Whe! rhe JcEs ,trll tailed to spptrr
3i PoppèbdortoD tùe 19ù, rhe -MmoD"
r€les€d lor {i;Lsr
Ì*
lc. r417. -th€ Jcn. lhen subhirrcd a p.tilioo ro th. C.u;crt,
.rrrba lheir nab privileg.c ùnd tbor of th. crl!, aod astibq lhai
trrc.riy jDLE,le for lheo snb lhe arhbúhòD and obraìn hi3
prcnis. aor to !Mn.D tùem ro .oùr outsid.;t Cotosne. Tbr
.fydid bot lhirL it..duty, dbd at oDe di,psr.b.rt ro po-pp€tsdot
tùe bur8oh8stds Jóùaotr eoD N.Fnsr.iD, Joh.e vóD Ai(hen_
bovd, ud tEo oLlq Fpr*lrat'es, NegotstioN sft begù!
3ru
ód
Nota
The Jeus oJ Colosna
Au$sl 30. l4l?, Tìe arlbhhop biDsll s,r peebt s(om-
eplrodi'l Fliouc, Thc r-ouo.ilsúd jhrsól th. cily
ol BoDD dl3o had. tùeir lppearoqR, B,ucr&v" CosriD v"b
LJskiFùú ot (-olostre sss rùrrÈ ar cnu@llor ol Lhe arclbilhop.
p^oiedby
{
Wilh tbr laltpis !oDsnt
.oùr
cusrib úJ.nook (n RDre*nt
the Ciìy ol Cologle, vh€.eN Bu.srave Goded voD D.ùch€nlèI3
p!6erled tàe archbishop's side of rhe case (,!ro?pcr). At on e
Coùnt GodeÌd noyed that ,ente(e be prcrcunc€d making rhe
citj respoftible lor rhatèv€r tlè J€* Lsd donè s3liBr ùc a(!bis!Òp, sine lh€ Jews *ere onsidd€d cirizds ol CÒlosne. Cóstiù
votr LJskircheo, on the other lnnd, rcplied by askiq that the
.ntiE mstt r be refe@d to tLe ciyil cout in Colocne. Il€ basd
bimsll or ìh€ tact that ù€ city aùd tu JNs póseird thè jzr d.
na .@nda that is rh€ rkht of rhe J€ws rct to be smnoned
oùk'd. rh. cily. a riatt rstr6€d bJ rù. ennÍor !- s€ll os by tùe
arcbbishoo, N"eerih"lqs. rhè cuú, il uf BotrD d*idcJ ib favor
ot th€ .rcLhishoD's claims,
Asaú{ rhis d.ei.inb tlìe EpF*bL:riv. ol tù. City ol Cnloerc
app"ùl€d ro thc EnpiF. Ilr rì.rsislèd iù rùh sppesl J..pir€ tùe
lact thàt his .isht to mak€ it *as coùtést€d fÒr twÒ Msns: ìc
had lotconsullederlh Ih"orhprFrF.pot^livcsbploFÀ!oou, ios
tL€ app€d, ald be ras mtins contn y to th€ rishts oî an ljì€cto.al
Coút lssiBt yLic! no app€al codil bè takd to tLe EnpiÉ.
MÒreov€r, t[€ r€prebiotiv€d ol tLÉ city relusdl to só sùely
lor the
sùn to qhiò
rhe JeÍs
nisht
b€
ondmn€d,
À
a
resur
the .edoriàtioro verc ìro}etr ofi.
On Septeobc. 13, 1417 W€md von ÈltteDlorst, EpÉsotins
the -{rchbislop's CLlhhcrlain, Arnóld vÒ! Hd'b€ra, sùìnoùed
the J€$s ol Colosne lor tlì€ thi.d aúd lNt lim€ to ap!€ar befo.e
the ùrchi€pisópd cout at Poppehdorl oD Sept€nla 27, 1417.
At onc the city díspat.hed Joùam ron Eirtz, s do.ìd ol
InrFnal Ins, aDd Cab.l wal'av€, rq lFdsuF_, ro Kitra Sichbùnd. Tt. t*o Rpre*nt0trld qrF èDpu\èred. on qèplml*r
28, ro cÒndenn tL€ jndsn@r Òi P.pp€ìsdo.f hcfore the Inpcrid
Cout, îh€ JeNis! cónnuity ol Cologle joined in this step ly
empom.i.s ihe sme €niss.ries of the city to €nt€. t[cir olj€ctior
tD rhe jùden€.t, Dule AdoU ol lcèr€-Bèrs-Ju€lich ùnd€.ìook
l!é sa΀{onduct ol thè representnìiv€s. They loúnd the .oyrl
@ùn !t Co.stene. Kine Sisisnúd had lis ow. rèNons lo.
b€ins t vùrablè to tìè cL-iniol tlF .ity. IIe nad júr snt .
request lo the J€ws of the.ity md the diúese lo. ù .hange in the
per'ncnt ol tÌìe tar (O/d,rir) $hic! tley u*d to p.y to the
roldl heasuy rt Christmas tin€, Tnoelt€. it wes to lè prid
to his Prtomtnry JÒhdn Knchèn ànd !i! heiB ùd l€sal sùc-
.R.om, iD.ord
.thmby [o p0yota d.bl
,f,owmbd
sù4n
865
ofo..
rùo@Dd Rh".i!b
t5r t4t7).. Tso d0ys hrer.
rhe tirb, ibe
Àr.s.Equ*led lb€ cjty ru hetp bi: Protorurar-r où
iD lbe.oue;riotr
c ry, in
did shJt
rc.tu.J.d of n,
"rnè a t.rL{r 'ùm.
as hrj br r*tr trcj
ot ihoot$ sebr "a.
br Johiu úcùeo
to Lh€ c'ty oD April6, 1418.
Krns S€imud itrviL.d ArhbFùop Dierri.h tÒ bi, cou,i. rtr€r
+-J,ùns r,,Lr wc.k ror rbe pmbs<J pmoiqú br rbe
r\ros :rsrmuod apprisd.bin oI rùè cl.ins rri*d bJar.hbnboD.
.itlis
rpm.blatNs .On lt,p baci. of ihe tibcrh. n[i.b rhe
b3d b;o
AranFù thep, tbeJ Lod poinled out rhat tbe Jeqr. sbo $€re
s.rò or.rb€ ErnprR. bùd bccD sbnoopd b{.o!" ib€ out ot rbe
ù4Dr\nop, rh?.Krg rhà rcqu"red rh"t ,be rn.LbFhop briìs
pror br nts craiú8 bptDe lh€ rcJ5t courr srtbin tu,r.. G\5.
Ar rte $he Ùne lhe Kiù3 {nr to.olopéa.oprothi..mEoc
ro rùe arhbFhop, ond iDv.red rhe rltJ ùtso ro ,ppr3r b.tóE the
Otr Juùc.t6. t4t8 tbî dtrisiotr ot ú. roJ sl cour il tJvo!, I
rhe
4,Jl s.qdelrveFd to rìe.rebhishop iD z"tu, Bùr rt b:,1 oo egar.
vn rù€ tuùtmry. urctri.b rri.d io u* iD0ueoF upotr rb. lirnp
so rs bhverrD rvùse ihF d."isi,,b. Hé Ftrpd."!É.n
t upo;
. ny !r klostre and rbe Jpws. roo, emponeF,l
rr. ;"x FrF
scnrrlFs, lbos,bentioDè,1 above. to
funher o.gotiar,qq. r be ùry also dnectcd s tel|f,rrÒ ".,14.o!
rùe lDFnatpru,oooBrJ
Joù!qn rkcbd. ùsitrs Lio to aid tteir crEe.
dùp.lo rùe pFeùr thc papst úrlne. at ihe \ati6b
ùav€
Fvc.lc,l nolbiúg rurùù iD rhic actioo r lbxt hr. come do$n
ro u. E lbe lprtè. ou'liD.d abov.. rb.ch ic io bc fóúd rD rhe
HÈ rnc.r Arcl,ivès uf (he aitJ ol Cologbp,do.uror Ào to.ùJt.
,o qù', b qp tùt thp .itt
"ompt,io,1c Js.io.t r" .DtrrruÌ ,beF
ber.l, lb. ar.ùhnhorì, far hb fiith
r lb l7 rùc.è livaì itr 8,,1o.
ù- rsrD, ùjr!1.
rr.h
x,
.; pr.r-l .t. .jc-e,l ,oil.
lDu,,, j\hn.è,ler, Btitzbcio,
Dh",l,- 1. Llls"L. t...i. .J"r,. I reDrreot, Due!_
Grik Eh{,1ili
Ln,
ù!Jr.L.-s. c..u,LeinJÒrf. cu+nrt,
. Xr,.èFqenb. Eè-eoi.h, Ko.b.D-
nùr0, Laru'n. r?.h?ù'rt', Léib..lo!r, Liù,. Lr ntrs.lIehlèm, Mi.so_
\ctzh?in. O.'r-'. Rl.h,rs, Rbpinbs.h,
r.be.nDdJ,, l.h,mtrF;,1'.ù. B.rmèFt.rhè!. Rosc po, St.
rùnè!,
I crlinqcD,
I'd\, | !{-t.
R8rd€bs rD rewÈh ùande
Zptri0/ca. lu"tp..h,
Rithitr rhe Drn(iorl,r\.
6 Se ttÀ"iDid'es ìvoerlerbu"b (tcrir,
lr
$. 69S, &Ja.
y;m.
366
Thè
lel\s oi
Colosne
. h a r"rdn' or vosd Mioz. R{bhi Sélisnaù rèIs ot bi!
tórn€r @;;tr4s s. hbbi itr AndùDÀ.b. m.ot'orbs tùal !.
rbere dúiJrd a (dsitr Halúhicqùe'Ùon itr rcop'EÙo! sitl ìbe
old tubbi Arsh"l Lèvi ol CnlÒsDc qho co d h
;lha ùd th€ well-Lnom o6ci;ll .elbi ol wons, Anúl€l ol
-; È.
s ouoll or zdlma! Salstr of Opp€úlein. abd rh.
óf Hohhi
t""" ;.r"'sib" ";tùd "f rb. Hdrdó, Òf RabÌri Mos6 or
!ti"*icl"*.. JtrdainsbJ lb.ì.srir'Fb JhimrL:rio rhcmnrbss
J iu" mo+ 'nporùn t- .irtinr aulLorirv or Mo'e"
-&r' r+el
Mrnz
lssrlein ol l\Fnpr \.útdr, ald dsó io tho'e "l
ir cl"rr lh.t ùe ras a nost.bersclic p€r$tr0lii) lr É mpne
'. ìo..tlhÌ;h shaher Robbi \ iv6,aidcorhal R irb rhe viv.s
;iùt.
;f A$ùafèùburs, tùe phys:.iatr Rbo djov€d tL. 6ÀGJiúN oI
À..ordd to rb€ ,ra-dmr ttotrúi h" s,- al$ @llèd bt
the !!m. Ra-bbr H,yyin Ìihsart tuouod ls80 he rdided id
Xìerirs*inr*, trom'Lss ro lits io AhneilPi sh€F hc 'l'éd
in 15918, His vipp F .iil DcDlioDed ib lùe dFpulP sl'icl.
ù€linnin( sith 16'5 to ltilo, stitred rù. Jernh onmunili4 ì!
tÉ ArLiJiúes or cotósnc ror nunv deradcs. sDd sLiLh s!'
a:ó"".a.i i" it"""t.'-nan.d mlÌeoion ol ,apru' "l
ó',tii
'il"^i"-iii"iu.^'"ar
or Dùdrldod (Bru.ù. r78î ihe .lis
butè.oremq.l lbe au€tiob sbclher d úinrl in wbose etrlmris
srr roud sti(Lins ro Lhe 16ù
i
"*ài" "i",iv.rt'"i"u,rp
shosed ù eob'
shrl€ lhc olùPr
hav:os Drerrdl ir, "bjrr
withoul
'ide b"D Jolabùo
púhissibì€. Hsyyio
riruaìli
b.
-*id;l;,I
"r"r- . .r-d;s;:Nr rhe nlul pami'ibiìirr ol tlìe
î;"; h.d
atrimslotr lbc hscis ol aofldr lr.drrinn dd o@erous 31,€leùeotj
Jt'."ri"irv V-A-"i HalbùsÌadl -sF'rdiDg tÒ Brú'll
"U"*
hsd dkputed.
basii
rnlout
'tjo*ou
l"o- t.*. l"- t"' i Asbl eoari sms to bsvc bce' th'
A puP'l or.rh'
**,-"i io tt*r-,,lt ologoe ot Rub.b fulda pFrJ
bÙÙnúv'
mon l, nou' Tholas ol C"rùa try, a úoD otsFsr
sinDìicitv. he sa', levcnùeles' Dot sprrè'i ibc bodÍ(v or
'nd
rh'i "t Rabb,.M€i,.b.ó c'dsÍiah.
iìi-:iii'llriò;i'ii..;ii*;+
Rùbbr ol L.nb{s 3ùd subqqùeDilv ol Lublin His mP'lav or
in r,nud r, "ui*n br a tmdor a G.E.trJ.si.b so.s. I rl'b
| ..ul.l h€ ùs sood a irholar os Rabbi J.éph A\hlebaz'' r,.n
is
nnht tuwlk;.n ot' Rdhb' JovJ A'hL'noò. H".oúl.lhsteb€"!
hbbi i! n|rrurrìcoloFe oDlr làr e lr" vea^ hefore ì595 From
rl" ^ir-..,i v-a-'i"" t",i. oùlythiimu"b "r RabbiJÒsptÌ
actn rlv in lhis di.t!i.l, tbat b. p.milied ùi3lolloseF tÒ adopr
it. cdroE Eetrlioo€d above. rn lhe E@orisl hool ol Melz le
i3
meDtioD.d lor ib€
y.Ù
t628 rn Lhc
ctd
ihÀr bctsd beD dciive
a!rabbrrn]udzand itrotbq nlmslorover.itr-\ Jcar.. -s.u!,os
rbxr rb E hcurè.i3 pm.r. ùe rutr.'iooel tor rb.rl-c-'\o ,f rh.c;
rear-, prr.ùmably s'b.e l5qs. as rîbbiin ìfaz shèF be srr sdie€
p3rlirulJrlv in the búldrng ot rhe sJn^gogùe. lbc acquijlio!
r Éîrtcry. abd tbc ors!ùr^tioo ot s òunat sièrj, DufuqbisÒt
Hc_dipd óó tr'e 7rù ot {I Ad$. itrie rVJ(b t2, l6.lij ir Fr.Dkjorr
a/ùr, a sbnrt tim€ after leavine M€rz_
ol J^+hh A.hk"bazi, lhousb pobrbtl D"i lh.
. 4 T\c sue*.or
on.. in thp rabbinar€ oi El{toral r-utîc!c. sa! \to*s
'mm.ù,îrp
Dpr rsÍah Jos.pù ùucl8Ft. He qas boù ìn li?i,b BuersFt. s
vllasp iD tbp neighborlood of FanHorr. A pupiloî R:hbi Jj;b
ùùèbzhra
h.cdh.rB.
he
brùm.rbenbbiót Etsto,str-otoa.
qrrb 6oùn 'D
rq bi. rsidcnd. Itr
òrn Aa.tu! SoloD"D l^prztar.
1614
br cuc.edèd Rrbbi Juàah
dsùghtcr Curten he bqd
oaFrd. lre.tied ób rhe 2ith 'hoF
ól Kislpv rDs.mb+r 5.6r. |tf3
arr.r oùlJ tsrhty yèàF of úrivity. The m.mnriél hook ot Eoù
cTpbs.izes h s real.talhùrlir harDibs, hiq nóJerJ. abd bir Ins.
nr [email protected]. Ìts qn* thè? erÈt mrburcriFtc of ù tFatis.au.d
vd!.qquh féhunoh \u4qd îod. 8Jt), úd s mm ir rhic[ he
hèÌ,'l€d lbc dr!th ofhsooìJ soo, s"lomotr, trb; di.d i, ftiedhery
11 rúa,r tbc asÈ or th'rrJ..eeen Tr isa furthe poen. hc pÉrp?lualed
mcnory ol Jc"i.h sufi€rioÀ ih
Iq rh€
'hp mcoìinDed
rrùr dspurr
ahove h. o(cpicd ibe.,ri"t"r
^toiùviÀ. vi"*.
'I,h€ m.llPB ol ùr onnùili€i, hósév;.
Efusd ro lbidc by
thc prohibition. M"ses BuersÉt ir buried io Fnèdb€rc,
" rr F likply rbrt thc sucmsor ot Moe3 BuprFt;,. vo*!
]ìîus, of, to sivp Lrn l.h lull D,h€, MDes hd D;vid hr-KÒbro
Òr llonn. Ilr lun.tioD"'l
Ban! ib 16t6 llons
lto,es b€D
Ìlcir Bh I Nopbtsri HèE'nB pùI. ttr tb. otr ;cntioocd
",ib di.pur.
nn ri,ur) hc folloqrd r\c old eslsùtnhed .usrÒn,. ln ú€ ncmóirl
book of Enn{i.h h€ ú li.ted s. thc.{ò Adn-D,4 thc Hcdd ot
the ( ourt, nf the enriÉ t€ùiLory ot colode.
\rphrnti brn tia'otryhos. Àthd H.iz Brucht.
,r,samu"l
Z.n!:l
.l
wÀs
th. pupil
Dcurz. The m"noriat bo"k ;f Bom spc,k!
or lim 0c , dilisFtrr te.h€r oî the TatDud, ood os a natr sho
pr,r'.d silb dsnlcvntioo, brourbr ùp orphotrq ib hic homc, abd
qr! Dorpd ior hodesty 3Dd húilny. Hp ìieed io Deutz aod dipd
thele iù lòi6
Beh amio @Ìlpd Loeb Asllenazi, tucrrchpd in
_.sJudahL"D
Lrturorrt ( otogl..tor oepr rùi-rJ yeom. Tb€ Dcmunsl boolt
sptue .r rF shotaBh'p. his .b!nry, ood nt hi. stbls hmrty
rtrrDg rÀr.b re{ ùn to bnls u! ever hk glùdcÈ dr€o i! hs
,r
368
Notp,
The,Ieue oJ Colngne
homè, ùd nàúy th€n oE rron ùúe. gis bbbiùic !6t
ro3 lppNDtly Bonú. Thlt i. wlere he di€d h 1688. E. Es3
buied itr SclwaErneindod.
r Alenrde. hd Ja@! ìÀ-Kob€!, Ior naùy y€ùs mbbi of
Cobl€ù, r.s th€ lùst to uiie ihe ralbi.lte ol ElctoraÌ Cologle,
Juplicù, abd B.rs. Thenpmoriallboù olB"ú proi.e.ti. b.bral
acutr, his self-srcri6cils útiviry 3" mlal atrd Ùis lovp of hir
!€lrhhór wbi"h prpE.*J il.ell itr th" rorioc oI Drth.tr' in ùÈ
om ùoDc, He di.d itr 1704, and fouod hft rad F.ti1s pl(r .d
tbe cnèt€ry ol Deùtr sùic! va3 tu.t dtùlilhed in 1605. IIie
om
t
nòstóne is still iú €xisteùce.
& îhc pielr oD'l lbc Jch:h slolaFhip sÉicÈ pAail€'l in Llìe
rcmnuo'ly ol Dèutr durins th" débr..blù úDrùry isévi,lebred
bv r!€ mtivitv of Isalc b€n AbBlúm, sho dicd io 1704. II" $1!
rù. on.
rh. ù.nonal book doeD ro his oM .Lr.
"ùo;Fp"Fd
He,ho."ll",l"d
lh" pedl.nlial Èyhbs (e,ii, ott) usJ iD El".r"r5l
CóìDme. so rhat siLh !É qork as a bas's Lh€F e1ilol odd be
pùùlii[ed iù FraDl,lórt n/M iù 1694. Tle @st ol tlis p.i.ùing
;$ bom€ by Moss lehiet beú Elièzd Lq-Kolen ol D€dtz, sh;
stoód rr tb€ h6d ol th€ ieM Òl lh€ enìire primipÀlity- This
$orl., a rcn) ol qbi.b is b b. fóutrd io tbe Iìodleiùo Libr.ry at
olord (o;ir. 4" 1322), bdj.st6 !Àpr€ s@ tsoty{le 3.ità,t
shrù u*d Ìu b. Filèd by lhe Jess ol Eler"Fl Col"gbe "b lhe
q. ól n6h ha-Shanrh.
6 F.om 1?14 to 17161è {* essishnt mbbi in El€cto.al F€sse,
aDd i. 1716 hè wls a nembe. of tb€ r.bbinic connittee enhtrstèrl
with rhe d€cisiÒr on the ùfiai. onernins tlÈ iúe.itùn e of
LiDmaDD aobd ofHarcvpr. A lmber
"t liisopinions and dc.i.
rF sllpFd anoas lh..óUarions of opiDionc ol ti. aD_
tènmranes: oLheB are sr'll io mousripl, ror b" rerl a Dmb4
ól;ch nanu,cnot c"lr."tiotrs as scll a; ! .Òpv rhÌb h€ mrde
lor himsil ol d..isioas hr ,rì'cFi "rl al.^sb oris:otl rcmmcolarJ
on th. fèntaréuch ll,"re are ril.Ài" i o'mbd ol htler: ol
cobnendrrion ìy hin, o Jósèoh Ju.pà Kn-.msDn of fssn, .alhd moÉ b
"fy Juspa
Es.n. ús s eD-úrùv or Rahh Jù,lJh Meì14. ùDd hi. rboie
ff !E lieutednt ù D€uLz an'l orh.r.iliPs. Robbi Ju&ù qroi.
o" the ettb, br lis son-id-làN mn'9o
oot to rt'" ---*r*v
" urì'! o9 ond emendatioG to his lor.t*sr )iD o, Jusp!
rÈoln
E.so
the e.and.où or Jùspa Hoho, lurhor of Jdy' oz.:
'asyùr. b"
srudied uDd"r Abralìan Broda at freo.. ùDd
for foùr
then ud€r Ja.o! Kohd Popss iD Fr.nkJórt a/M. Ilis yoùth
s'oì3
Fas sD€trt in
Ansterdu.
Th€ tsó boóks
n€rtioftd
perd iù p!i!t. Tle o4 b s @Im€!t ry to
àbov€
aF
tùe p€ùirdddl
à]tN
869
Cma! rit.r tle olber i! s co[(liob ol
dlilJ &rish lile, Ue also Bmte r,o sbsl€r
book, une @!laús puús oD rbe rlR bsjor hóùday! as sett
N etr .fpl!trotióD of rqo p!!lnq. Th.ort€ris; bookon mmme
D rÈrb.d pos, Olh€r s ùgs ol hj! rmrincJ ùop=ubbhèd
Ìor búor DobeJ.
r he abovèDsned scF Dùblished tìreuù
lhc suppod or hÈ'tutc
couin Bemad Eatbrrsradr, !ùd ìi! nó;.
dr.lúr Frllives l#ù and Jacob }{pvc, Hr, roo. is @outrr€d
aeordiry to the
hsr !!d-ùloos
@otrs I bc
/rr
roù
or
odas abd dirFrors
.l
rh€ Chariry Socjery ot
D€ur,.
Fcmc tbst orgaoiatiob s 4drrtd. that h its ktrbs
aod^kctule He
ir 1758, and sac buicd in lbe.èbet.r,
rD
r
he
'1'ed
lhe rrlrr,l
1307
M
Eld oo th. amul f!.tnayr
br cmpdch $tr ol L€h Zilich.
iÀ D€urz.
DFp;;
in
SJbucl. $ho sas .allPd Zaoeit A*bI€mzi, had tutrîtioDed
prevoury rn fpiù- o""r HildèshciD. H. low Dad€ Botrtr hie
F.'4pqF. trcm bic gqlqùb\L,oo J"ùu.ht fneb ss wdt ss
z.'nvr r\o |cd an
CE,r Drùice has bpèb besro$ed
^sFric'ih.
ùPotr b s dc, isiotu in
FIiAinù ÌaF sb,cù show a tppo mibd aod
aù uqd4stan litrs of tbc sn r Ldnudi. bfocs, lù Boon be
save
bE,pÌmb,riob lo ù
of N,phrati Ili-Th co"trr
"hùÈap_
p€tsùfn Ans'frdam"út
iD t76r. Tú Li, otd asr be sufè.éd
F.ir
parD.
.rb0t Esrry bc'liF,'rJ! rèqupst to thptcJ"rsotb:.;,ob.
buorrFs mnc'tÚiEt) Lo pte.t Lis sDtr Elhaoon as bis ,ù\e.vr.
^,s
tlÀ!!.n,or s
hp
ir Lùom
i!
'he
eordsof Et.!roratr'otosn..
rarhq s8i srrti .'trvè ond tbc.Loie ra. m.,6€d bJ !,tFior
rr{.Íc8 or ! d, soe tiF tsltcr thetr rówk oaa\iotr
io úge tbe
Jessol.rbeterìtoric.nf.olosùesùdof \Iu"trLerro sr""\!"Ns
nrs
by retaitritrg lbe sJsteù ol a comnoo Bùùr,
Eù{db Sam_u.l qaq bdo ib l?tJ. snd in tii.i s,c aìÉsq rabbi
itr vord€rn. Polsbd ltr tiSr ùe beDe BbLi af rh. xb;tLlaod
comDuih i! DiDig. Thètr.,he tbp urncbt r@u€.i hób Lùe
Lre.ror.L. nr I olosùè. for rlh .uhmuDrr! s.Dl him il5 6nm'scinb as -ùbòi. Dèsrìit. tùe ohjFriols oi ùi. trit sDtlotrb€
D^Dzra ress, be rh.idcd ru fî to Boú. He at€rdv *nr Àir
b€rona'Dq3 lo
bJ 5! p. !nd rbeb. or thc tJ"i honelt,
cbans?d bt m;nd,
ùatrns ncm:rt-l rhc i!dupbÉ of th. nrh*: ro
^mstrrdnn
nFurr. rtr lbc mprljmc his f1rL4 d."rl oo the jirh of Tabbù!,
r/où. duirna ab or!ùrt Joumèy io Uuearer shprc be iàs to
arrpDd a -Jnod or rhJt diucc* itr Bú[hoÌr, Rlbbi EtLjD Saouet
was lìp du ttDr ol lh€ boob rrro
'rr4.D9r rll,n oriÌo,rrD o.
370
The rewa oJ Colnsna
d Uri S.hr4À
Plehu IlelnEu, klom in tìe ofrcial d(e
héDìs N I'€ibN! Smu€I, sas tlè 3on ol R{bùi S.úù€l E€lnù
oÎ (rctoshiD, Rabùi of Man.lein Àtrd M€r, FhèE ìe di€d i!
l?65, lshed lor his sclFe pa.ticilarioD in the qurel hetwdn
R3ùbi Jomth!tr Dibeschu€k sbd Jaob Eod€D, Uri Phoebú
tl€lmù
ìÀd b€én rùbbi in
thèse positions b€ 6pp.ov€d
Húau úd tl@
r nubd
ù Liss.
ol worls, snd
Whil€
i!
dìspatch€<l
Iis rhoroushv doM€trt€d vi€ws to a nùnh€. Òl .ùbbiric atrthoriti6 i! the nott€. ol th€ Liss divo.ce ol 1764. E€c.ùs oI s lel!.
laústion eLic! r'às hiad !8eiftt !in, iD 176? o. 1?6& h€ eld
t,Ò otlì€r raòbis lad to d€e lmn Liss ìo sÀv€ tleir liv.s, Subs
qu€ltly ùe t!ùglt .t tbe Àdà Àz--ùtar@n i! Bdli!, vldè h.
rstù.Ed ahout hi'n*lf s lsrs. (bùblú ol pup s. fildly ùe
l;@oe rbe robbi ot EIRrorù-t otoane, wiih hE Fed€ùre i!
Bou, O! Jury 18, 1771 tl€ Coút Fmto. Bùtr.h SihÒn peti-
tl. BÒv.tmctrr ól Lh. Fircipdlily to pqDit thc alpoDtol F buh Sanucl, aLr;dy r[" adeprà hbbior B;iE, s
tiob.d
Dpor
rebbi ol tle €!ti.e Jemy of the El€ctomte as well Às ól !V€sipheliÀ ard Mudsler. sDd ro .lrnt s leller.palol for tìis pu-
371
ùtil.ùh ddrh,oD S"pr.bbrr t.4 l?63. Hr g,inrd ! Fpùtrr,ob
ror pFry !nd qadob.,Evù bcJóF ItxbbiZviHifrb sa.
bù.i"d,
ú. omhuorty €trted hh sîn tsùc,o sue€cd bm. \( rhc.,o€
tr"î,'"'"l:î",1"ii;*":fi'',jiìf lli",'A,,:.:i Éj,"îÌ
r/a Ddd€.bN FeideDe itr Bonn H.F b. tshorèd
":,:fr
"u@èstrltr
mr.ramèd pa.r'cutar
tunmd,laL3tr tnr thè *bu
tù.
u€uB sytusoelc. qhj.h, otr FrbMy !q. t;q{,t,l,n!
bad"tbfto
*:]f:
i,.:T,i':i
i::1Ti!rfu:ulid["J,,::JÌ:
bÒDD. Ms.h.l::. 1788, ,ùd ur. buird at ",l'ffiT
\ hs.;herrdó.f
mcÌnnd
h@Ls
Ih.
or aotro 3bd ot Deutz pranc b . piétr.. rarb.os,
j
1ij,i'ú,ifr ,.T"Tr i:filruffil iÌ H#;
!'o, roo, rhe boor, or bs brdher 3ù.t.ur.{r,
Ttff;,
lri,i1xt.
,""T1,,3!î1"1"
naoor
ùnM bupE' m.tains
ù DUmb* ot
tubbi t..ú,."
com-
pM.
, ,r'Anq hi" mani^s..Rabbi Simhe BuFb .éfit"d io HrdiD.q
út Boúú, vùil€ o! tle wly to visit his lst!e.'s save Àt Mer,
shùe L. hopèd 3160 ro Rt ! ck lor ! naldv qlhh afrúr.d
his l6t. R4bbi Pboebùs died. Aeoilbe lo t!€ nemoial h@L
ol Boù his d6ib ocued oD the lSth ;l Xis!€v 5532 lNov@ber 2?, 17?1), úd le s&s bùi€d by his fútbels dd€. Borh th€
Bemoriat boob ol Bohù aúd or D€ùt, sped. of a mi.el€ {hi.ì
i. {;"J,.1.::r ii"th:
;:llì{";'ii!1.:':ff ffi :.i î"i- :iiî"
iX%*,S'l: L: i::"S
*dîl'k.. sol:r bawever. -h€.root o"_,h".ubb.oh p":i;
t:riìT.:îtl lliì#;l::lí:*n"J:r":Í,:r,Jt;t I'j;:,1",..*
mr$.Fdcd {r yeaF t.r4 in rùe rsbbibi. o6F oI B,,u
rbe r,!or :.rt- ,:,_r, oD rF"
, ,nc wN rh€aulhororlsoForL{
Ketubo' onrl-cruini and tbé t.:: ,.._,1,, a
pqjÌb llc abfl pirL. Abor. Hc
The sovmeol sÈbràitbc p.ririoD ód ldded a
'ar;ùs
to th€ Jsc of Colosle ud MueDtd to sve nó!èy by suboittiry
to ruch ún aranseEoL But in tle ye.r 6rst yelr ol Lis bbùilate
t@L Dl@
!t
l-h€
lnó€ aùd b@trc ol
vùicl
&obbi PLoebls
ru
buied ner ùis lather. Ralbi Tiah W€il ol Kldsruhe delieéred
l& èdoe/ ov€r Rabbi Pboebus.
.r Eolù oI Lbe bblis sho 3u@eded FeibBl Sabu€l iÀ EIF
toBl Coloenq tùe beth€s Ilec Ituìù8 rtrd Sinhr Bu@
I(.Iú8 Baprporr, R@ m€nb€B Òl a lsnily traciD8 itr origiD
to s tiDy LitlÙùién tom, Rusbed, rhde nost oÎ tle lanily
hÀd lÀìld nùi}l to s itul-nùrd€r &roltioù. Amoùs their
slestoB they euteil Rebli Meir ol Lubliù. TL€ii inEeìiote
R4psporl (1d68 1746),
'e a uliv€Nally Ab.ùan
rabbi itr fuefth,
st€@ed sholù, dire.to. of ù
inportlb( tllúudi.Àl &adÈby, rùo @bducl,rd hk raùbilic
odF silb sreat ísor, úd himell lrd atr uinp.$b,ble !*lic
Iil€, His serd soú, Zvi IIiNù R5papolt, feth€r ol the tro rìo
slend&tlèr
larú eù(@.led
i!
BÈbbi Barucl
ÒDe
Motùd
Wau@teir alo.s
ù
Lhe
CoÌo8Ìe rsòhiral€, rd rabbi
the BL ol rhst diltrict,
rith IIsbúB ud
[,H
"",i?:ti..i
ÌfÌ:tr"Ìi Ìi] ;#
dfi
b;J rha. boole
pnùFd shcn h. sas slrrady eflvrD.ftl itr
,r3F. rb,l, Ikp$ir
*"
rhp pùrpose of è!roù..,3ù8 dudy.
:'h,Ììì,Ì:î,iHî
'.
ú ltÉ-júdtut. ú ti.h d2r
Ndih onnt/flpto!òtdt, út .h,
ar s'4n onse^drd wrd4. It?n du6.ht p+ kàa
dajioe.n4nirl
bldstrum
lit. univasitahr cot. t4|l -t,;q. !os. ..]É,1 {.
br bir or
/'|/r'I s?l'n
sù1"',,j,îÌ"LHl.i',1"Él,illllo.
'he
-Iù.F follnscd ib t80O.
J;epb son ot F€ibpr D., î"r, A nc.h.r
-6
i:il', i",lî ?"ì[[;": gsi:ixttÍH,:,*Í,il*l'.u *"r,"".
or Jmb. sJnw,r *,
tl'í;
"."., ""iî"'i
x,#TilT"r'^ì"5"fi.#*{dDrBurim.M;"hur,bsrhuer
r
The Jeùs oJ Cologne
ú In 1806 Jùelicù had 95 Jess, Frah€D 92, BeÈsh€in 91,
'nd
";'ii"
arl€brioa ro
o'rohcr 5. l8l8
a*'*.r
'rlls
rh" raci -**.-r
ihar .\írk x!t, p,nglaph 2 .pPl.,l onlr '" foriSr'
slDrcd
j;ss. bul lhùr ir d'd trót opnh ro {.b Je$r.s mdelv
r" nnw trom ole Fr"nrh dip",,'nl lo anorhPr' 'r rie rrne or
rh. a*,;e. bpinsolredv p'ss'd tFFocn
iú" ri.í',j*""""
Fr;l d€"i''an on (ù" qu€''io!
l-r'rr".ìÀt'-it'" "t
""".*.*t Frcncb bv ons,ú bu( hrd rcm' into
; ìi;? Ji"";r'"-*-
-t rntsr; o, ii's Prusia sh"urd ò'
Jotd
i"*ig;;" or as ùa,,v"s itr eùrd.ne wrih ib'
ólJiaiià-i- "*i";"
èiì,ii"L i"".i
Besnins
t3
the
Th; "f
PretúL'leree
óf the Djr"rd,4l or lbc ltrr
h1d ord€rP4
Ótr
reru'dl or ! Nrtr6@tc
i *s olhP nLirh
n*-ùi :i. ieii ìu,t,p-*"r
nov.d ir ru iak.
,hè t&ac
ili:-iiiv i.,;"ii.,"r
maúba
rhh aÀnn in an €xFrl. drrù'led. a.d oor'è0rrou'
'iri
À*p'i"n. rhF l.s Ésuliriob pro\r,led..
"-iìi:.t,i.ein"
qrur for lhr tlrrlude i^L'D bJ lh' I rrv I ouod
s;6cip;l
ro
Ob Auqu-t lú, 1822 rhc Sov.romrót dFlar€d rls úabÙrrycirt
n b;J pp{ib€d o!ó.Ìr rhsr rhe Iacr
i;;ìÈ'";;d;"
FrÉl. iD vi'q ol rh'
ó,?,"'iiaiÀt. rt. **-* io.k
rhrt th" h,qlì.r dulhoirli6 ùdd cxpr*lv Fqu6i'd a slsl'm'Dr
or rhe
Í'". "*,irh.s "r*rbÈrhed{Éioo
;ì;;t,'*.-;;; À;;.i
rime it ss
b.ouse. o(
ìut aud void
ÉrJ ò.'i'.it
",'bsd not b€en
ma;I.. a quDrùn
_
ìnì" J i.*tt of rt'ig mnnriPéeot
wirù lb. citv. it se F.bruÀr''
ls2r before the rcvùDncnl "as rr,dj lo (ratrl c"4i6cstes to
jJ,,
i*a", -* ha'bs b;n dis,nhu,d dunns rh'
"'ì"i*;al;
1821. A' rbe 'rmc rime ilìc Fuvcmmclt
isz.:,
ì'""*-i^fi
"'a
(itv
to pFpoÉ trc r"{'mÓnìu
coutrc'l
of
;skod
rh€
-r.'.ìi'"
'nlusnc ì r8r3 in'sorrh'i8'l
i""i iitq l,.r'"" N"v"mÈù
iíl,i irir,ì.i".Jr"'- tl. rt", r.,r b.d !o b" 6\"d sÉord'nsrv
as'in t"Òk úp rhe
òìi'iiì"i'"Éi izlislì ir' èirv c"'"it
govcrtr_
not kr Òf its te.timonEh c\prs'itre 'ùr rp rnl n ism or i he
to
i" ri".-;'i.": e.""i"d *rrìnmr*
;;"ib;;;.;t' h;;.r-,rv
roundl n.cÌr hsd rcrused ro \nucb
il-i r". "r'.. lh.cirr'.b"n.il
da i'1-d io hav-è norhirr ro dÒ
t;n:ed{rli; th"
oD Jabu"rr r4 rq2l
iir,'ìi" .,iii* *ri;,'t". tt p rin" bPins
( où!4
Foóurins lbc t
Àov{nn"nr FPI'''I ù}
'
'rv
rhp legal do.um.trrr F3 ú msrrPr or
;,,;, rÀ"1 ir sn, r" oro"id;
''itt-,
judgncnr
upon.tìP
pas'ng
anv
,iì" ii,,i-'";À;;
ol it".up*,o'". Thc C'iv (-oÙoril hoq'vcr' Ùrúed ov
-'iu"t
bur
,'À"l."iv *r";"t -Lv t" 'rsnil b] iLE pRviór$.d*i'iod3
;-;;;úi" ; ú; N;islrv or !É tllenor rbB it did oD
rb€ Dtuvinci,'
Jùuary t& t825.
ú4
o! Feb@ry lo ot rt t rd
Mirilrry itslf bad tu.d rhc pMàr
tonowrd.by thc aósmmmt iD th. qrutrtitrg or Ètulal of pdDsìoo ror J.sc to ùad.. and rhsr rb. óvc,m.Dr s order
orre:poùdcd ro I b. spirir of rùe ft .b.ù dar* ot M4b ;, I $..
rbe-Mnisrry ol lh€ Intcriór dFlsr.d rhat tubptù!!
.Momva
by tr€ ( rtJ (lúril BpE out ot ord*i it duty ms io louor
rlov.d
a Fply lhat the
a-Lqiy
|
rùe próedure
presibed.
ì0 [!-vies of tù. l(l-úBr, .m.rrlins ro the ildúrrirt Ef!.,ÀlDD
or JaDury l? ol tb. .uftht ypor. rh. rcqu'Fm.ot to;.
J.sEb rrlib.al€ ro t|Èdc in a d.6Dite ltrarioD ff &tlù in th.
mrù lor ordrÈ in goodx rù6 Àbolilh€d... se .olity tb" Rór-rl
Cormú.Dt ùat oD Mùch 2t the Àtitri.rd of rb. Lù?rior hrd
advird tìe J.'! ù folló"s wirh Esùd tó t}.ir rBdjns (tu6.ar.!. The int€rpFlatio! shi.b tha sid ltinislrv aivs îo ó.
,Ddurrisl n"suÌÀtióD olJanuarJ l7 ol rhecùreol.y.;r isrccr
i. bslitrs tbr J€q! cquat ro Ctri"li&n indulrialisù rirh
Ecard
lorbe oll e,t! ól Pamsmph rio ol rh. ssid r.gúrioo. ù @ireB
or ro@r t6dc Àtrd otr€r ùade 6ùqt€d rùmFirh. A@rdietv
tradins ftriti.&|ft pF{rihed for Jpr3 iù th€ tmFriat D@-;t
March 17, 1808 arc Do lo.s4 to b€ rpquitsd lor su.h irdsln6 .
.iùbabnirg
." lD rbe sme yqr tbe Jeìs où lìe úl| brbk of the Rbb.,
the tomd DùchJ, of B.l&
rold rt i
'ìr o6.i,Xy
@Drnt was .èded tor tùe p€oamot lamily
ùamcs nbj.h tbey
n b Ai: it ilclud.d ú.city olAL,Dd iL! vicin
!, ú. dl,rncr
ot cuued. c.ilelln.bctr, F.bqhqs, Erletda DueFtr, sDd
qtn
Jucn.h,
tro rarS' crrago8ae úd teroiy-tour hol4 ol
Prar€r lD lhe sov€mnctrt dÈtrict or ColosD. ir includrd rh.
vi.irily ol Colosn.. poriotr! ol rlc dbtricb ót Bona @d B*&
ùeim aDd InùpDjcb, Filh tso l.rs. srsroÉ€s strd dlre;
ùou"s ol prdy.r. Io rh" sovmm.;t didn;;t DEstdot i!
i!.|ùded tb.diltrictr ol Kreftld. clarlbúb, N"us. cEveobroicb,
Cl.va. E?oFD. qì.l G€ldem, with to la.se sJTas"s!". anj
forty-l ro hou$r of prÀy.r. The Consisrorr Òl B";h al.olDctudcd
Érlntu porioùq ol rùc {ovdDn.Dt dFtricts of có'o@e srd ól
I! thr soveúnert disrricr ól Colome ildud.d
porlio@ ol rìe djlui.t ol Bo!!, ood of Uueúom, Sirabur.
RhpinhÀ.b, ih addjriotr ró th. City of colosrr:
iarsF s'ÌEgo8u.r 8trd trùe ùouq of pmrpr. lb ^trDsF|b.i.isb-i
the sovmeor
Coùì.@,
dtutricL of cohleu
ir errnd.d o\q rh" dLliclq;f Ad.@,!
Abheil€r, Colhu. fo"heD. KruDa.b, Mayco, Sl. Cos, Sibb@.!d Z?ll, Riù eisht@ syrasbsxe aail lorry-forr hous
374
The Jeus ol Colnsnr
r îb"
tust rabbiof
rlf Couilrd"
ot
&rt€td ras
Iet
C6
tur!,
ms borb^m,t oh.ba, pmbabU ia t763. I! 1786 be st3jed sitb
rErs óJ bdrum b sìoo ùe d<rieted bù esy uÍrd ir 1787
33 aD Dlhdù.rrotr to lbe r!!nì ,!j: rro. It t793 ìe dided iù
ItoM q hd. b. oDpo*d Lhe rm ol pmiF @@i,!ioq ot rEetve
r€rss snch FG Ffed ia tù€ syusogne ol BóM or AFil 30.
rùm tú ttdt .itv ot Etelor M!,
Frùd .Ia 1809 b. bèame th. rabbi of rù. Coueilrory ot rte
ftcr d4arca.n, ritn hjs lor in Kr.teld, He,N Lh. aurbor ot
a bùber ot erk. r.r *bple a E"bw,ork oD@sile rhe
ql,ol".ioD..of-r!: felq dal, of rb. Jewùb teerielts (j833): s€
rób. _Hr3 ru'Ger i! tb4t coùùtory ra3
rjDom or coòtee (t336 1843), rb€ qelt_hom lluslator
oI lbc KÒEù iqlo C.rbrq, Hú suesr w,, Lo€b Bode.ìeib€r
(1844 1868), pdioùsly disbict,mbbi of gilde.!èim.
r. Al lh€odprof úe bisbq atrLhoùie
ùe polc Gbhisio!€.
hì
L
sùlatk
oúbds
ol the oDDuiry sho hsd
tbe ehcrio!, OI rh€ 260 m.Db.!q 228 sisred.
Eqnnpalcd
rùc
ùbf.or.
orhde epF rcr. sone oD 3 joúmy. aùd sti[ où.8
aod€d Eer e8mtues sub3tqùeUJ.
requestrd I be
h
ú
ll rae tlF
of all
sov.hn€trt'3 vi€p rhar tt€ DmDosl ot
rhe
ereatjvP @bùitlaol Lhe colqne @hDuily ória be.doDred
oÈJ' qllrú lb. bould! ul tùe lsr ol Jr.lJ 23, r8a7. rhe turrt.r
ap-pùdùo! or
À!d búD Fgrr.tcd br a s.uel drm
Frerld_8r th€ 'ù.b
lmc uEe, Adordiùglt. th. stltute $bbitr,€d
by rbe Lorogù€ JcR rotrtd beve ìo b€ 3mLiri*d rirì th. tsw
DirJ. The quetioù of rhetìd rÌe rclm@ry alrc&dy
po$ded tìe risht3 of ù le3al p€e!!ùty rN still ro b. deidqi.
of 184? in
tìDally. lhe rtarut sould b,v. ro limir ir!.:tt to rbe nhjer!
Arlidr 50 or ltc lrr. tb{r ir b rìè flarior ól rh.
pr@b€d
ddlive úd
'! .epwùtative torard! où€ eothq úd ropsrd!
th€ synsaógxe onoujry Fjth Frpr.t to tlF intemst qEalSÈ
n€nls of FligióE roBùjp. A@rdilsly, aI Ìt4utstiom ót n!úl
eeE ro be rcpr oùt or t-he statur., sire ib* q!. to br !o
inle|f.rúe bJ lhe sovcùúelt io the Eliciom asFcrl ot onnu!ùl lifc, TLis poút oi vip' ir tro p.r abólid€d r[e moeErio!
ot lbe st ta i! rh. rclì{tio! ol shstRer i!.rw.y-fd
rte
8doìais|rÀlioD ol rclisioG lile bJ tbc J.-i,h oeratio!, Su.h
,sistanft b to .ÒDt'oue as h*btor in a@datrG mrb th€
r8darioD !.t dom ù Aticle s8 ol the lsr. The rcsorbliolr
lboul the Blruclh oI the @EDujry ehicì b.d be! dFDDed
ú th€ sprins oI l8/E RF to te E@dl qr Lù3r poilL ud 1t€
loúdlti6 tbu
6red tor rh€ !R starg.s!. @Fout,.: scF
agù.sepllbba 13,_ l85s rh.-goecmeùt of cotosle had
rcporFd ro rb. rird-LFtrraalt rì. pr,.ùcùl
ot Ll€
rud.odlal rtltute, Ir s$ brs.d o! tbc dhfrNbphtioD
n;ld. b, Rùbo
(lt.r|ll,. aÀd aùouced by tùe R.yEt Mirbrry of R;lisióB
rEllútion old Mèdiel AfaiÈ. aad otr úe su*q€nóB ;ade,
oD M.rcù 2?, 1855. hy úe Lod-Li€trr@or rú_uah u" Eeo.
bes Òr tùe m@bl .tdrie€ bóard ,ho r@ zetoúlv
El*sr€d D Lùe Datr,e. îIa dgssrioB hod tb.! b.èa or
rurr' Fforrod bJ rle raoJat GoEúnúr rith a vj€w to botals
tùeú_ bsjor re$rrauoE into a g€ldal stlrure lor Lh€ soeemrDt
or 3/r r}tlsbslq ir the dùiJjct.
?'O! AuSur 30. t860 rùr
_
so\úurDl rrr irs ddjo! ro tàè
r,rd-LÉùl€rDt. ù Nor€Àbù 19, 1860 h. ad,ed for a ùEb€!
tr.Ee b.lo.ged to s faDily of nbbi. aDd
lcbobB. Se ms borÀ
r,o &bbi l{aib SchwaB ir Eu€ù.D,
oo Novm-bd 2t,.1828
sabsrE 080+1865). Ilraet schftiu srhtrd"d rh. y€silivÀr'ot
-wuÈbura ror thr* yrùs, abd. h€siùibg t8,{), lbe Lrftm ót
deúerbèrg, ltr ucrobfr 18,t6 becbt.Éd rbc uDrv€rsity òt Eerrl€lqg.sbfE,ne drudi€d phit@opùJ 3..t philotos|. He obraincd
I
do(orùr.oeaR ar Jela Òb J@ 6. t85t silb q C€maa
ùc HebreF uosraphy oDd Hjsrór, ot Pattutibe
.g'ÌDn or
br-AE.) oI h'! ù!cle. Ee rsrvrd his rabbinic,l diplons
MÀy 1850Imb-A,mr MeE, rù. itrùt rrbbi ot Du€rliù€iD,
( | e-bu ot
i!
are. bortb! h. trr€d a assilrùr lo rhp last_Dabed mbbi ir
wom. abd the .o@utririB ot that .Glnct aod, lll.r, to.
yar ard 3 ùaÌi. Às rsiltur tó bb o'tr lsrhù i! Huqh.0. tìs
De$bpr 1352 he pÀ$ed th" r,bbiricalcraDiuriotr pr*rib.d
òy lh.-rrarariÀD BbmeDr i! Aus.búg. ald reived s R(i6_
cù or ùigu epxrude. rbe @b@rdry ot Ba]Èurb
etúl.,l bi@
raD_bl ad rD. tuvarúD Cbeernm.Dr ratiti€d hiù E rbis posirio!
ú FbruarJ 1853. The iÒu yerB thar ts*lScbN,rz Fae acrive
ro EeyÈtrth qct y€ars ol hrppy oqriyity. Aliúe iio@ hn
p@rnDa ard pÀstoEl sorL hF rrushl rh€ Jesún Flisjob i!
rù. rbyar,GyrmsiM ùd ir rhe hdGtr;ll ad AgricrdruBl
útroór or ù€ bayreuth drshict,
Ì B.qk
ol_hi!
0.6jl b. rcGived ia
,
!Àp
rrc.D^t tuy4t
1868
rdetry, ud civi.
ú€ risbrs ot drni,.!.
dgbls trcE rhr
rllsie
376
Tha
Jeú
oJ Colrsne
sD@red ùi' C€msa.dirio*. Dú Eàlìt Ianù ol
rìe Hebce *orl or hn ucte, JosDh Scb"M of Jdsl@.
ln lR59 lìt Dublbhed ! lituc wor! calÌrd A.ùói JovtÀ S'IhÉ ot
JùtaLn. ah' E.U Load, ú ftÍorked for sùool u.bv solono!
e
Ir
1852
(CòlÒsle, Dú Mo.l-Schsubssr' ID 1853lhù. .P
Mred in Bawurb the tirst tú rdobd couss ol Àu Ldtun
ì1, I-*IiIú;h," R"lidn.u4 Unlftihr Júd di. Jus?nd (Te'l'
ho} ol lh. Jewish F;irb for tùe lDrttrrioa ol lb. Youls) Hc
!dsucht !o *nrea reliqoE t€xt-boo! lor rhe stnct ob*ú!@
Eirchinss
mnF
rhich aDBFd in Babb.l* ud ftrnklort in 185? s rbitd
mue r;added lo lh.liBl tEo, N "dl $a a@bq ol rèlla'ou
hms. nrd\ ol rbeD bv lttichs.l sehs Tb. pdD ,44 Jordar
i. b" ihè dirthor !i64lr. lr slr dÀqr lbD Z@'Kùtnsa'
ol
Jud.;b.
appdd;
Tbe
nrtio! lor @a6m;;lr.
h
ro the 6rsl
.ouF irclúrLd
'tr
t!€ seDd .dition ol lhi! rqi_b@L.
R.!i'iuú DíhtùMm,\ich @otxin lri@l sbsr atrd bjrtoliol
m;s lik. Rurh. AuJ, rDd TiEah, shich lsful S"hsad led
;ublb[ed i! IriDzk in 1855 úd d.diotrd lo hi! ucl€. Sebu€l
ihhs"E. Sobe òf [ù eo@r bave attdled lúé úd pópuhniv.
Two
únple
arc
siÈ
h@sitb:
De
To4
J.d@ Tds ha! .àM
J.de Tda hat @itu
Frada,
IziAa
d4 ind$a" zu
Un w à4aú wir gtrttilkl,
Un úú &U.nl Di s.lidzn,
Jed+, aílt
Kn^n t bìt .lít Ab.tubùt,
Jsds Îdt lLtd tu.tî Zí.L
Ndlù, dùt dm V.llatunhL,
tli. Ydgdaslìc&.tt: lu' Dir.lM aúrittkfu
j.dm
BlMa pfti.ka,"
SoA'd a^
IMîdn da EùtW
Zàsr uM
Keiaen
An Júdot
Ee
nt, ùe Júdar i,n h.ilig.r lanil,
MaiA
Wo ah'd.tu di. Wì.!é rld ha.nn uN thnn;
to Udu úo di!' $@tu @ 0ù1U,
Wo d.*
ù S@@
'línneldi. nd. N púpúr.nlt tu14;
W o ollvnrr, tfuehr du Sntdlúnid
Wo in bi," w iah seh., Mít Ea ítr ócí dir,
rJnd
I.t îrù*'
dù'h, O
8d^, dr Pdt d6 Eà,
kh stiirî dilh, O InFl. dú qotlita Zrl4
DÌ di. Kòú0. knì.t n, Hohzpri.tt r ed.h\
Dd dd E.ide Elùcht.t da I
s.rt I't:
Du Júhtih. Y.lk úúllt ttn Ft*
^n^ hiut,
Dd E.r hlt eha úíads.ía Vuàa g.tt L
Dnn ycìr' i.h,
o
îijntlitt
Bútt @n Zioa
.h úh htut. Bòtbdra zun E.'ùn:
VaA à^ Dotid,l"id ton4 ltil tàtu Ptolid 9eí1
Unà dì. Bliirca dù haílísm Uchtr t 9.!n.!4
O udi iîh ùin Ephfu de n4ld ú r S4hat
tf o icn bin, @ ìclz o.ht, tuii fle i:t h.i di. Da ttthtt
Meír Uffi
ilt dn Jdddi in h.iliqa L.tul"
Woiín alL Autm det Vòl,ke oewat ;
wo dd lli^n l m blou, w dì. Súry n s|úla
Unn i^
8*@ di.
P@e
ú
turpúFott Uultt
nu wha dú Enoaú^id
ih bin, w úh uh., mà"- Eà íd -6à di,.
.TD t86abisbooL. îil{t fúti.i... Libi I jòi.
ia
B€rlin. Tb€ 615r voime ol rhb ForL o!r!ú ù.^w,.d
E n !(ic
t*t riiù r D€r net i@l tEBletio! irto Gè!@4 .le .rd,atioE rlilm fren tùè T&fnud. rh. |Iidrui ZÒhaí * sxlJ e .
bùmber ol cobm@tarie ar v.l Eoublisùed. shicl ù.laîd ù
tl. libn.i€s ol Pùris. Odó;d. Mà Muicb. TAe rc t!.
comúdtlrie o! Job by Isioh .L T!&.i, nitt n in u9;, Í€
Kibli of the tse|lth @tuy, the l l€r's iÈtbd, Jo-ph f,iEìi"
aod li@Uy ùy ZsshiÀl bpo Issc b@ Sh€.lti{:l ot B:,tdo.+
stich apparèd iD R.b€ iù l2rl. Tbé lraBlÀùoD ol Jób FoE
lLe pctic silt! ol lhc atrtlor. The publùh.d o6@trÈ
Rpeisr\ rle last mD€d, ùe .ùsmcù€riad hr . phrl@phiol
b"ol of B@t importllR, It is ltdloR a u{lù ol Èsd iùrt
tùe s{úd vÒlùà. or tlb mrk
Ìa! tó 6ùtai! S..di.ì
'hich àlou siù Scìúi
t ÈEIltioù and ìh&t ol Mo$ Gikatilb
om útrcductio! aÀd ùis conÈeb€úsiv. em€ìu4 iù E bF,
b.vcr s* tn. ligùt ol day. A @nbeDl,lry br- scbrrr on tÀG
rroÈbs ot SolohóD robFd ú&r th. riil. lnra Dd dr.
t Addrcss on vtnoù @sioù! reÉ prirtd drà4r in BrrWo
Wo
d!úiir,J
.eulh. Abolg tb€ ad{llesss d€livded h Colos!è Ìhich oent
parti.ul'r Àlt nlio! aÉ: rltrt d.liv€Fd upoa the delù ol Kios
ftedùicL wixi.b lV of P|@is oD F;bibry l?, 1861, Lh:
378
The Jaos ol Colngw
379
.ddE$ o! tle o@sioù
of ihe ffltiètì aúive@ry_luér6l
ol rL. nùoùh
Provinc on Mèy 15, 1865, tùe sddes Àt the
ol Chief
Rabbi BodeDì€ind ol KFleld otr AusEt 2& 1868, rle Àddrs sr
hyi4 ol t-h€ syúaao8re o. rt€ Clodersus
cologúe o. Ju.30, 1857, ed !t
dedi@tio! AulGl29,
1861, the ad.lEc at ú€ dedidtioD of'rs
rbe Asylú ir tú6t, r!;
ùdJrer otr tìè Ndlioul DaJ oi Pìùy.r on Jùb 27, 1872, rb€
8dJres al tùe uvpiliDz, iu l8?1, ol a úcDoriel ro tùe J€wish
tóe-@r.ùsl,o4
il
eldids w[o [ad fsllo in th. v!. d€livqed ú tbe J€rùh
Orphoùr' IIomè at Prderbo.n, the Àdd&s .t the dedi€tioD ol
lìrc n.p symso8uc ib Solibse!, Marcù 8, 1872, abo rre orc
,l"livrF.l oo,s sm_il$ o@sioD lo. t 3J!asog!. at Orsy o!
EEkiRIo.^L.ùdich,
.!reù*:lg'..
BlFq
Sr.
99 rùe
lohrD b S.!!bnet€D, E.teita,
siq. Oheùr@4 cocb, Lidict ir
ti''#'HH"1"ffi1yH:"&'.yff ,ST"*j;,*i-#g?,iîi
alDv@ry
.Ét.brurioo of thc À.rivily ot th. 4Lk on ltof
srmFdèrd,of E5M, ih. 6tlietb Àmiv?B,y ót ù. àrtrssoE!€
sr ,rdarair.r. iD.tì.
aùd Uprldr i" s;tpfuin,
ùdat tÀ.drd'@tiorofa-Rùinplatrd
hcpiLd builr bJ the J€qst Neriebab.
ó Espèislly rotmrby i! rhi.
@@e.rióD is tbc ad.L€s hr
,
ornv.tu
où D.@htr t3, t896 in rùe Lrse G@di"À ser, in
É[ffi ffJ.î*ltr'Hfr y'iLX''l'."i*ii"*"f}lj*"iln'
ù Beloe comiq to CoÌosDe AbmhM Frù-t acupied r mbhitri. pùiriób iì Saa! in BÒbpDix. 1867 j872. Tbcy6r t867
srr or p.rticuLr iDDorrlqe lor th" Jpss ol Autria. îhe Co!srilutióD Btdled {t rhar tiDÈ bbustt €mder. èq&t'ry fo!
rbr mèmb€rs ol all rairhc. Tbú rh. J.Re zled civil Md_civic
risùlr. wù@, o! o.rÒ&r 24 (slcr,4, .,4u'd). t872 abrahM
; At tle riD.-ùe bd rlF privit.se ot beilp i, dm rouc!
ErÀ ( rèbieur, !h€ Dorcd Jqist sr,ltesu oaFrÀtrG. A ter
yeE l8ra Et tùe_ Equ6t ol tù€ t^o@irre b pùis he ss,
rppoút.<r to-tte ce4nt Colmill4 of tì€ ,{tnr, [o ru.ed
tubbl rddsbela or Liqrirt, Itr t882 b. detheFd 6! ùddr*
FróÈ ,a Bú.br |eùls b Rot trdlE ot rì€ Dutcb klion of
rlusosxe, dcdi@tcd
Pgcrd L:dFrq B@!rh.r rs bor AÈit re, t87o iD
-Í
B. atrèDded rt. n4bÈilicd sf,biw
.rv'rlqlov€!,
!!vùú.
D.!oD!" eivila
hú hhbiric.t diptÒb! f.ob lr&l gild;
!.Der,,!ro*b 6phr
ro Nolmhtr 1897 !€ ,s rabbi iÀ
md€o,. rrsd€4 ùd1395
froD tì€ù ro Ju. 1938 rsbbi ot Cdo@e .
E€ tt@y€d Àr detont. i! t89:t Firù | rb4i., DRrrd ro-r[é
r'dry or pn-ilsphy !r tù. Uùi@ity
of Udte, o! rì. flbiet
or úrobo! M__eotr! Atrúpr at Trueld€llet
phitM;hv
D ftb_nor to l1{rf.-rrugudùLt Aerù.ri6 ed Alalyrias,;
r,Iwr À. pubtùùèd r.fuoa dctiG.d oD f*ùre ú ;eU @
F!úL
6mun'ty, be 6uld Doirt ro rh€ Àew
o! M.rcl lC ol rtst rer, rbi"h @'!d
qpll he asnbèd to hie devolf,d s"tivity. Ee rhetr lelt lDr Lid,
Aùqlns, qùùe u!úl 186r @ Jep had betr t)mnkd b strl€.
U. rhó stt@d€d to tbc rabbiDi@l lucLioG b Sltrbù{ shicù
had hsd tro J.eeJoq to l8ar. H. p.rsudpd rh. póvúciat
rook l.qv€ ol hi!
Covemmot lo DaLc hib tbe Rceistreot rh.JNieh populatior
ol S.Ìzbùg, Itr aeFúctrt.
bis p.litioo tbc J.'eol Sd.bug
s4. att&ùed ro rhf Jcwbì'i(h
omuiry ol Lirz. otr AusEt 22,
l8l3 he se rDp-bted lo lbc Provio.isl BoÀrd ot rluorion ir
Uppé. Ausrria, Ob ú€ tqertr-Glth aDtrie.r.*y ol Fruqc'!
Jo.eph s aNsìotr to rhé tbroDe b€ deli!€Rd ú oùffi., oo
Ddú16 !,
1873,
mpìssi,ins tle
let th.i
the Empmr had
tle Jar Eìisiou fre€dom. Above Àn in Ab6hsú Frsd.l
eryica ro the J€rilh 6e was th€ imEtù he 4!ve to th.
eF4iotr of rhe 6sr TcbDIr iD LiM, a[d ihFbv r;Jc"irb lú.
in Au.rn. sencRlly. TÉ vcN jojrùl eÌfbBriù ú d€dioriod
ol lh's TénpÌ€ 'lid ùot taù,p plae unril [t0y ]0. t877, nne èqd c
hrlf yqB rfipr FrùDl s d€p,rtu€ fren Lim. UL. Jcuirck,
'ùo
hsd pcforned tÌe 6d mùnùsF ddoDy iù Lior drtceD y@.
pÉvioùsly, s Abrdblh F@L retùm€d to Liù lroh Colopù€ to
psr"rrpale_n th€ dcdhùriÒ. clruoby, aùd re eiEd piLh
8lsnt€d
eThuc. in edòriod to tbe d€di.ltio! ol
Ssr
sÀd Colos!., b€ pùriciDdted
io
Lùe
tle
syusutsuB E
d.dj@rios ol úDF ir
ì13i"#,fó..{r*#&i,'".lir;;,1;d:i:.H
F*3,-f
(oro8r. !ès p-ubtieriou i! rhe 6eld of Jqtuh LiteDtù;. g€
ouy
or cerúelj,ì J€risù peiodicÀl*
Atte rl..dèrh of AbÉh@ Flut. Daror adotf Kobs
ra8 ereifrl.ro he hk !u(gsr. AdoÙ Xohe, rbè surùoi of rùi!
nb
lt_rendtd th.,Je pilh 'Ihelogi!41 S€Dinsry ot BElau,
Riyirs
l*
ulj;i"t'".',ii'shiil;:"Hîs"B:1;.,^#.""*!t[fi
lteeDg
tu.detoate i! 1903, !.b@ 1906 to 1908 h. mred r!
DurÈy. lt@ t90A Lo 1918 ùG rú rLe Bbbi ot rÀeit,rr ùd
380
The .Ieús oJ Colosna
Wishdd. E6 L@ne th. rsbbi of the Colooe
oúúuity i! 19t8, l. 1922, at the time ol rhe bflariÒ!, h.
foud.d ú org.nitstiotr lor the rclirf ol di.lFs Mors p€ople
[email protected] ro ,rk rór rid (Notlted,Iùtt h4 re{r@ 2 /tu\.
,o 1929 h. toudcd lhe asmialióD Jr,1i,.na &^r^"s. H. rE!
als . nmbq of tùe oratri,Ètion of P.usiù Jewish Coúúulities, lle has pubÌùled; !@ber ol Fo.k .úd lrticl* o! tùe
Eìltory of thè JeRs iD G@qy, sDd Ms e m€nld ól t!. edito.iÈl dtrfr of yùiou J.wùh eùcyclop€dis snd ol tùe Gm.ria
J,rdird. IÌe lect@d at tlè Ulir€bity ol CoÌognè oD JeFbh
Eistory úd Litd N.
!? fù.lh€. d€t6ils abour ù€ ùuildiùs of thir lymsogùe úisùt
b€ ol rhlùecl. Ir 1887 a m@h€r ol l,È€ omnuoily prepo*d to
rh€ deurive boùd Lh€ eauÈirion ol @ud lor thè rFctiótr of
a ner sltagog@. It was;t ultil 1890, how€ven thù., Eqtgr
Di3trict ol
hy ihnty-6v€ m€mlds st&t€d súÒu @Eiddation ol tL€ úottú.
Th€ exeutive hoard Àppoint€d a colmiìte fór th€ itrrestisatior
of tte @ùmú{Ì b€eds ir lhiq EcpFL Atr uNu@slul allmpt
ras Dad. lo d.a@ hob tt. cirv s bùildidd block h tù€
Heodelstras, Aflefu luthd soFh of DÒR lha. lóú yaB.
tb€ 8tuud b€lobeiDs to Oel}e.mD wÀs acqùned il July 1893.
A cobldl s5s sMounFd lor rlì" plaN lor th€ aer sJ msogu.
aDd rbé 6ul Drir s!! ararded lo lL. !rcùiteelr fthleilf,E.
r!I! S€Dù€úbe 182& tl* tm @nnuritis trrived at s
ne* agrmcnt .benb1 lh€ ebhùbily ol Colosù€ obtabd lb.
nshl ro búy it! d.,d iD Deul, itr retúD lor s 6t.d paÍúcot lor
e.h slav.. A mN asrFDctrr drùsD oo June 5, 1859 .h.o8!d
sitution by melilg the Met.rt tL. @motr
ta J.msh ommúitièr. D.ul, s.d Colostrp,
ih'i i.'d "n ùè J€*i!h iDh"bihnk ol th€ trc cities. Eìch
oDe ol thè tm m|mùitie hd lbe súe rishts ù rh€ @ètè!y
lor the bùnal of its d€ad. At th€ sne tiú*notl€r bit ól lÀnd,
.bout aù a@ i! sia, rhicì th. Deùtr @hnùnity ùad obtdred
abd psid lor baDy rers pFviÒEly. F,s ad.tèd to rù" Nmelùy.
ln retm lb" J€*isi 6tmuity oi Colosn" paid lo lh€ J.qÈb
tìe
previous
prepcrlr ol
l-h€
qn of 500 tùal.a lDd pbnùed ro
dliF @er.ry -itl r qui.ù*l bcdsc strd psi !
s.tr, For the mxt fve year., tbc Colostp ommuoily asM.d
rnr ublissrióD iÒ p,r rùFqurrers ol tl. @.t ót Ddiotritritrg
.ommunitJ of D.ulr. a lump
rFoúJ
tb.
th" rmcrery. Tb.omuDily ol Drutr paid r[c other qur|cr.
TLe@lta, a nw asenenr was tD be dr.*n up. The adóiDi.rrarioD of Lh.6s€t€ry ras to b€ @Dducr.d ùy a @bbitre
oNirtìls ol6ee Colosne J€ss dd t*o D€ulr J€rr.
381
Th.tl*r" gor-rmrDl bo'we, bcsu ro ituid lte
., " qkbtrtueùr
rrf
of . búiùt pr.c iùsid. tùeìinitr
rh. cbl@
@hDuty- r oD.r{uorJy, rhi! .ÒoDurity eu otmhDetrd-b
.$h. sucb aa obr'3rttotr iD ile @|mùel.oGLrùtioù tlood
I drd DoL pbvd€ ror it io ìts hud8rr ril rhe besi.dìe of rjr
rètrr !, uD DNmber 0, 863 tù€ ColóBne ( hid ot potiF-.ori6.d
tÀ. sbeem@t tbÀt rh. ommuir, ol Cotogne bad .aquiFd
ptun$oùauy a piw ol Ìsrd lor CÙetsy purpos" *irhi; ù.
@hmústdrs||r.t. but tbxt it rcJrJ lo.ob.tùdc ù. prh!&
úùr had obbD.d a pmDù. ton the Ebvmùr ro b. glE
'r
rRC@reD
rotemdr theF or iù rùe ú.Lery hetd i! €III@
hh,tn .,rw8h 6D6uDny ot D.trk, The tunúúiry
of D.ùr!
@.rù rùra8:m@r r'th tbtu Fqur(. îú rbis tb" óEtlllMi
FDxèd rùat ú qcptìoD4t @e Jwd of Colosrr bisbr b. bu,i.d
u rbe okrù rD€t€ry ir lbej had !o dftiFd tor Eeh ot Di.rr
|
|
rbrflmt'E beld or rh. Coto8* @mnuity. hoFvù, ir:i*à
mp.d.d nght to búial i! Deur,. Al 6mr tb€ Lrd.
'B
I.Fgulario. Lhlr th. chj.t or rh€ cotosE
3îFe1.ùl.e$d
ùldlo F bo.!ira: d_€ry ribe a bódy se rRmFnd-fd
Iglî
Dmr.at.D.ut ,-_6uL i. !+ptembe I8ó4 lhL FA,urstioo r{
Md.d-by lh€ Mi^nister of rù.Iotùior. T,ó
bonùs tar* rb.
vem€or
úqtrilitioD by th.
ombry! .rNlive b@rd of a ptot ótoftte
{Nùd for eoete
purpoa otr rbs, uu4!c we3. bur FDortcd
rùar th. Ep;
@k.p._osmbty of fbé conmuiqv h.d rètrFd ire orDt.
h
rttÉ.
*
a
F
rhe
or
ddsq
tbm aa cpidcEic ot cÌotúa
!poîújsovqlP@rrod
'rlt
a ùùn bér of
of rùr omDDÍr
mEH upoù.rne ellbl$hmùt or anemb.rs
suir{bté @er4y Fithi;
ùpoD
tm odEumt hoùtrdùi6.
was bor dìm. lD
yÉEor rb. rad.rblL rhe etsbti!ùndl ot airrcs
Rnercry euld
enbù oturdeEbie dp@e rór rhe comDrily úd rh.ì. ùrb.
m. oub@r or.ú eprdth'c o. i! gro€r,t in the lhtuporrjiio.
g f'lsbj, rfo pq dr:d 9f q otrt sioù, disq, ir @ !(ì:g!,
b @FJ lh. body lo D{tr by sùip or hoat ritÌout Dú!i.S oft
rhc bhdae or tbc Rhire d tìbusb the 3tFL! of D.u!,, rb.
[email protected] rblL ror th. tine hrúg, ir su DoF advisbte ro
a@p d@Ddrtra lh€ ertabtirhmpor Òt a cem.i.w in rh€.colog!.
sJTagoeae dicúi.t.. Tte D.urz @elfry ru út@tu ,.
se:
Ìne DGMry Dù'ldrDgq, cucb e . mónusry aùd a Fsidc.É tor
.n€ a{re@per. .trd À s€l|, rrE addcd ro ir.
,_-.ro òlqopidoq o8ùed i! April 1862 S.hyù, ilsisLs upon hi!
Ìsor
ro.h@r /rss{&a }ilh a viN ro rbe Dp€d! of rh.
'@ry
{o}rD3 6gmu"y. rù rhú opido. he lea@ trpotr q et,rfbeor ol
rrb t.!p8port, ù. Felt a. où llqc N, U!u_
Neverrh€l€s.
382
The Jeus o! Colasne
383
leinels p.ay€. b@L for vi@u, 184G.184r, rtric! tuèd ro
hih tùe i&Èl phye! book.
n A !ó.ùior ol tùe ,lrago8u€ ode appded iD plùr eDè
b€6b. tle 6Ft Je*i.h DpDbq ot tb. cFh *ùool bósd. tr .
ro H.nr, tbe .:autjw ùolrd.tpF$J rL, jov
ovù brs apporlro$r ad il8 rcúdùrc th4r he n;ùld FpF;ojl
rnèDr€rcrsor rùe J.Fù!.oMùiry iì tùc 6Bu.tr!ùoù about
ùe mraaDrarroD of thè ah@l *!rÉh_
s.Tù€ tibe.anùtrsrb€lr tor Lt; fourh
clN sas oouu€ o!
.
rre msB,or k s€o dN sysìú, tùat is tb€y kd giveD j.:
bous,- | he Lhùd cla$ oEded rhc chitdFtr ot rli. gsD-d eh6l
yú
,: Tbe qupsliob
ra! oot rai*d bv AbB[aD ODFDorn.
r[ì shol€ eedytlins rm;iD.d ucùa!s;à. Adórdbg
'Otr
to tùe Fpolt ol Lhe l,€!cùpr. Àtaonì.iDer, ol Ma'î! 16, t847,
thè J€wish @lol lo. boys tr@b€rcd tli.tv{le iD oùè wcnox
and tFoty€igbt iD the óth.r, altosethe Glty-ùiD. cùildr!.
Tb.n cDi.urM @Eilted of Ralisio! ald Bibticsl l]ilrory. Alitt_
úo* ot rb€ rùud s[oot yor 28 boús. Th.
rtub the liÀiiddg.* ir Dov.d rÒ Lbe Sch*!.*ua*,
^."
I n@ ror.a sÀ e
ras tóetxd i, Lh€ Mrùitiù,aX sùd iD the
'r
Modo waSb€rstrù*,
il tat6 e ùuober ót Jerirb pùprrs, ehe ot rte@
. '00 {udy
rbb
ljrut4_ altdded rbc Cùn€lit. s.hoòt. Tù€ 68l Jesish
8d@tc! or.thE s.tel letr ir dúi.s rhc fàU rùD ót l8:9.
rrey s@ ADrsnaD Gobpertr ahd Lui! WiU. Thc foEu
@rdd to rrudy bed'.'be and tbe Lft€r ph;loeDhv.
rowards tbc eqd út t874 tbe Ebhinicat sìuàeDr Do.tó!
^..rromw€r
rubctrrufed for Doct r s.bsa E sr rbc f.dr"n,& F hetr_
.eer uebrs.à@! se pÉvetrt d tom doiDg ùir t@hrosrhèÈ.
22 àoue,
D€ti.. oral àtrd mitt€!, tìe G.lllM IjD8use dd Styl., RadilB
!bd b.Dtel derci!., Cesrapùy, CalisBpby;gebF: tulndioi
ir Relisiótr ss limited to tl. d€velopDdt of relisious sLimert
oDd disrussian or the ide,e ir rbe rarious bibli@l storis, Fo.
tùis purpis. th. booÈ on 8"lisiotr hy Dr. Mat*(StuttssrL t836)
{e usd, ID ArithDètic ùe cLildm Rre dirided ioto fou
reriobq ir s@rdabe wfh rbcir Àbiliry. At rh. dd of rh.
Fsrnúr &bool ùóus sbout loutd pupi! bol s ldso i!
s Begiúibg Yrrcù 1857. S.ligD@ tdb, previoudy rkhù
ir D.ulz, lúctiob€d N tècher ol tl. el@elt n rhml in Dt *
ól Msr:, d.@rd. AJI* Apil L 1858, th€ s*oùd tesbe rú
Eemao4 util tùù ol Buùdt,
s île sbool bed wand€red ló@ tle clo.keùrase to rMbe
40 Art nitústlr*, lDd frcm tù€re to tùe ApogtailklGt€r. I'!bh
tlde it bóv€d to the Apdrst.ú*, !!d frcD lh€È to tLé Rod€F
tum, úd 6mÙy, in 1870, to TflklsBbea 2r-23. The J*isù
.oDnuriy ùad rorhed rrlouly tó lFt U! city to l*p rtu
pmoiF ro€Ht a lep *lool, Appmpriate qusís3 hsviDg he!
ioubd iD th€ S.hJd.rg!!s, tbe ìrdtive boùrd appbpiisted
3.000 lhald lor tì. prùa5. ol tùe cbDd Md the buildios.
tioe, thtcity hÀd plÀùe(lto dtrld Lhe qurtE ot
Al tle
'Me wùicù bordercd o! rb€ Dbpoled ..' ebool buiÌdtle Lalr.Àùr,
irg. Osiùg lo pbl6Lr ol tùccodEuitJ,
the
ol talaùers to tùe Jqisù $ùool,
t'.As lonC as th€ old *lool ómi$ióD r6s iú €xistèna th€
cily Eltrrd l,ó giE Jwr s pl&- o! it. atrd evo lh€ n ral
Govff.trt did ml .ocida it t]égsrr for Jeft to be DúbcB
ol !ùcù a @nnisio!. Nwqlheld, i! 1876 WilhetE E€dr
d€6Di1€ appoiDtm€d
y!-*-y,+p ** *
udqimble subsrirud;ù tmm rle poior
or vr.r.or.rbè-€vd-gbwira 6bEuniry.
Wtd Doctor Fraok
b$ onic, he rook ovpr rte Ftisióus imrnclioo in rhe
.taic PaotÍhul., Ar r\e Fral.ilr Íl ,Uitn Ctrnnwiua úd ù !A76
aho 3t rì€ 3eDdrry sch@t for r 3_
aslDfr
ro Itr rRqg
ù.
drutioD sara; toltows: tbcF e€re
plpús 3r lbe Jewisb .kEeorùy *b@l of th. c
qm{rlry
s0h6hlheF sùe
102
y.
J.qsù clil(llrD.
J98
JsisÀ
tD uE orhrr
I"
rhe.irrc,
úd pnvale ùsrÍutio@ lherc w. t97 J€qicb boJs rtrd
sho-w.E Eeivi,s bo FlisioE ùtru"tioD qtatpv4.
srg
.- D ròvr d'grous rDsrrelioo rm b+i!sFieeo i! Lhc toìtowing
sbr}.
cily had to abatrdo!
rsdt lhc Ds s.ùooÌ buildilg o! thc ftìild"rsa*
tra tr&&feÍed to lùe JeRisb mbDuity oD Ocloh.r t2, lF?4,
xîhe poirt ol aièq údopt€d bt the City ol Colo8ne e F€lì
e ùy tùe Bmdal BbFmót dtpend€l upo! Drmsnphl 64
srd 66 or tle lje or JuIv 23, 18i7. Urdùj! d.È!d!d !ùè
iLr pÌdD. As 4
.od
I
Dùtrù.. Al úe.lcrsdei'1.fi/illian Cyùtu;úù ir was srrrn ú
roùlsrroB oa€ boù eeelly to s8 pupils. Al lbe fipalrr;nd,a
or roe qry sar srvo to tbc thF toG.tùee tor tro àuùs
@ rr.b'tdFtr,.ibrle thc nù@u8 Jclish nudenb ót rhe upp+r
.lùBw rúiÌ€d !o Rlisious i&trkr'otr, b the e6dùy sddob
ror gùk d clnses @r!ed iro bÒb eac!. Ib the sdibrry to.
mrll,cacb4s om hour su d?vor,..l ro rhe bjd. at!ógelh4
!rrar^,/.3 tot8l oI rwo ho& ras sivo to thc t-bF toi6i
ous. Ar tre uÒFar*tuta rba úcr
R{e úoF Lba!
!€risioù insrrucrio! ,b.ùevd rae b€ns
lE"ù
$f,r,,.g.
rt
ir
eviddt
íroD rhse starisocs ú,t
8rv@,
pa{
510
uùir
ot LÈ
\
384
Notes
The trans oÍ Cologne
Dopdttioa "l tle hishq *Lúl! reie.d sDv
inrkùctio!. Ài lhe hrsidnirÀ ol 1892 o.lv 38 out ul lhe 80
Jewish DuDJeùt thp ntulaaan@l' r*ie€d relisios i$truct'oD.
Jewùl
Jewieh saùool
Brr in jh: oFmrrl"rv ;hoDl tl/de.l!rP) lone ór ibc 20 J.sish
c\rl,lFn ddv"d Fligróu. iNlrudiob Nor sss atrv su'b r$lruÈ
tiú lireb lo lhe ltaùls *ho atr.trded tì' preplBbùv clss
ol rúsóodarr Scnool I, to tùe26JNie! pupilsi! lbe lpd"lr
Anrcdùn, lo-rhe rO it \h" Mo^ALntw@i,n' std to tùe
rí i" fb€ K,i,a With.la Gvnnúiun' lortófbr I29 Jeqilh
;l; sho slt.od€d tn. prirat€ ,cbook fot sùk' AeÌ' Merl. !!d
Él*"oXk
n".
,0"
ltrase in llùFtrfel{L
*,,""*
inst.trcrio! sive! in rhe r,!er'ÒE-
;e al{
'l
(a.lbs.'**alland
sivctr ot
tù. Blucltù!ÌslraM
lb" HillcBlràss ú BEú΀ld
rG sir hrn.l.€d À"ioi,rlaL+. the É$ttú of th€ pEvious widlÈ
@U€.riotr and the ouldsbdios d.blr of lhe F'n&tn' seE rtuDe
+*"a r. Uc ror coomis;b sr it! fou&iio! The pbila!tbbDr orqùniatios of lhe cfv urderrÒol ao rsi* lhe búLnd
ol ri. oaisry tundg TÈe Poor CóóúisioD deid'd to o6d
lbe sum Òf ri ùúdÌed n tn l,,&r to lbe Jrwish crruiivè
b.a..l. Drovided tbc noDey sas tr*d loeù.I tìe eNlio! ol s
;D the
J€wich
rtr
bGpit l.
,6 AnoDc iLr bpad physi"iab wss Dóctor.B Atrdheh.
in J'wi'b Mirl
r' sÌì
oot
.e Èry a.rive
It ai rht tine tbis *d
tb. I a'oq ól Jewisù Conóu"rfleo .ùs pFsid.d ov"r bv Albrrt
o;t;"" àt ru" nt.o:l Pr"vinc
B;dii, tilt 1939 head ol lbc Jewish rcmnujlv ot ColÒ(tre
iti;ihb" €Ìds eùca"sr tos tù. hishlv culrured Rabbi
r'n?'o'
U,*'tii'r., "urt-"t " t."t "tr lhe ritcolJ'usbterins'
eb't'rv Iì 1904
Uiiirr t*0"". Ee i" buied itr the Deutz
s&e Établisbed for tle SdiErv io nedÓrv ol
"t
""a.".*t
tlsto,
DÒctor
ib Paris hc b@@e
"l rbe ctDtntCÒMitt4
';ar rherequcd
of Robbi Latrd:b€rg of Liqrirt.^À!drBi mmed s
rh..u.És$r
ù Paris Otr rh' ra'iÓD oI
-"-s"i.i Ll" C*'*t *C"..ilr*
lr"ú tùe
li.ìr,'"rl ^"""**.y *tbi D@lór FretrL l6ivPd
la;""; *pli." "r'M,cba"t Ansilor statu ol Mqtu wùrcì
ir.à ù "it. à*ti"c t"u .t tht .;úmuitv i! coÌo8rr'rnro'-it
rh'
sN sr insqiptio! shi0b spt:LT ol ùir acùie\@'rrr
,.{llún.p Ar ihe sD" lim€ this stetrc vmd s pFol of tùè
ÉtiFd, wh;
sorù
@Blaùt int€rest shic! tùe lÙtotu €riov€d in the citv.
385
úo Adolpì Silvab.rc s,, bom si Cn.b o!.\usu.l I{, 18{61
di.d ù (5losD€ oo s€iit€mbd 0, Ieo3.
rrr iÎo h.bl'óó only tbe morl imporlanl. we brve
fouo*ús:
'h. D l\rl,
tùF bm lróDlùÀl Tiètr uFb.,l
bu\úcs CnloElp
'n
erd Lon th€re d€velored inlo a'trv.st warebok
rinam. O;
Jurc 25, lm4 Othna. E. Strauss lrd Otto $olf khe l.iler the
sD ol a Calholic chu.ch-orsntrisr) start€d tlet srel 6n Otlo
'Wolfr. O. E. St.strss va3 i! ib€ seryice ol tbe Any ud th€ St t.
dù.irs ìh€ IVùr, lnd vas considered óne ol the cleFRn o€!
snd nnest spnih. IIe owùed a very 6ne col{tion ol Chin*
po.eÌ.i! ànd many othe. oójdrr d'al,. Lik€ hiD, -\lIÉd IÀDì*d
Tietz ùùd ótùer Jers hecan€ lnown as actirc slìftrors ol a!t.
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union. The Isst two Drcsidenìs ol the Chanber ol Colmeft ol
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rlr As sD €iaFple se ofi€. ùis buslario. ol the p3-s€€ sd',,
'
SidA'D P.mh:
mov€d lÒ Coìó@e Fherc h€ att€.ded the Ca.n€lite,
Di. F.ct!.brLù.h.
L6s
Himl
rinA úUbto.ht,
nar in di.rú
:luhl
Wxuch bís zu Dir dìnsen:
Bèsl@k da ftúmn JaIÒb SkhnJ
Lùtt ihi nat Pètuh OpI. ntutu
Den
Ia Zioù bad Dù Mnrea.
Du Peiad ia
Nicht
lù.Ìú.r
dar ituntb ùún nJ
lút ùni.dÀùt t.h a
Dot ro&.-dot Dx ùka n.
Du hatt dei Sknn Júer lrích sú.ínt,
O @Íne Ìun tu Sans un ftat
D.n
3r,úù Zitu
Thoa.
386
Thz Jetos o! Cobsno
llb póy€r hp stuDsed for loú voie. of. hi&d c[on. U.
ùkfri* @opo*d s eF for rhe Edd Oadtd tÒr îoú 6s|È
voie. ú reu as I Dmb.r ot oths parrs ol !Àe da@a&n.
ui Io r8r8 b€ dirtèd rhe bùiatRrivst or rÈÎhinelùd
shhb
in Colo(tr. ia rhe haU ol Lhe brrulrite
'ùs.elebEted
òtlblclocor
Cu€*rrb oo rì. r@ d4rs of wljt,utidr.' Ar
h! dealh i! 1847 bi! Íihldr in Coló8lì sEalsed. D€nodrl
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t6r, 2ro, 2r2f., 2,5,
B&ùra.h, M.nd.m.160
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360.361.362.
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c&.ù of H.ùborch.2r.
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C.li:tuà rl, PoÉ, JJ,351.
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2r3, 259. 233, 29s. 303. 300.
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236, 265, 231-290, 293. 29r.
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369, 371, 3a{.
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259' 246-251' 2íc. 3,13. 352
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CoEhuoilv Hou!è. 90. 9s. 99.
commudi.y or.rnizrLian. r4r_
164, r32, 2r0-25r. 23r-239.
cobD.oúrion, to@d.
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C.Dr.d von Hochlradeo. aEh.
bilbop, 22, 40, 42. 35r,
CooJlbry, 16{, :$. r37. lm.
2t3, 22t, 223. 225. 252.29ó.
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29. 30, 3l: J.enh. 1r. $: s5:
64, 65, 66,
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75, 79, 119_ r20. 150. 1s3. r59.
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291, 2tt2;
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45,,13. s2. 56. 63. 64. 6t. 66:
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166, 167,
170. r74.137.
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1,12.
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kn.
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332, 533. 54 a/s Rètisioui
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160, 163, 166, 167. 1$_ 176.
r35. 136. r0r. 224_ 2i15. 247.
2,{1, 252. 304, 324. 3J7. 3{1.
370. 3?1. 330. 332. 3A3.
Dèùr', RuPd, abbotol,2,. t5,t.
Di.trich L Yon Heinbacb. AlchDi.trich II. Yon M.èn aEhbùboD, 30. 106, 103, 130. 131.
rJ3, 134, 142. 362. 363. 30s.
Di.Dur6 uo'! Jèw!. 25. 6s 66
67. 63. 73. ?4. 75 05 io5:
tzt, 1t0, 2ta. 220. ,27_ Z2a.
Eùuèr
123. 142.
360. 361, 366,
Elub8.bd îrmirv.
E.|l!.n*m n.rufsctùro ot
Eh,hùd. BrhoD ol wor@.
Eckìerl. Msid.i n.23.
, Eú!ncioalior,
23.
Ehi4ratior, 47. 151. 2t7. 3rs.
Enp@6, Cernan, 26 fi.
196.
gioúr Iuuuctionr CuEicu224, 2,r5. 250. $a.
E!&lin ot coloem. r12.
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r$.
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or Règr.y
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370,
64.
ErebELÈ or coìome. ,i, 32, 37.
Arcùbi5hoe, Lls, 41.
E4eb. Frcden.L 2o3, 30?.
&aiaod,2l. 5er al, ll0,
Edùcaùon, 20t r.. 233, 23{. 234,
JoDrrhaD,
II,
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Edicr ol comtrnline. 5-0.
tridru.À (BooL oI TErLi6J,
30t. 301.
Emhre- Arnold von. a6
Embie- H.inrich vdn. 46.
4liviiy, rr-12, 13.
r?s, 200. 210. 5u ,r,
74. 104. rr0, 123. r{-153_
Edicr or 1312, 191. 195.
235.
r79. 19r.202. 203,
204. 20r-200. 214. 2s0_ 29r.
300, 375, 373. -Sa dt ó Cri.
4.
Faononìc
Eibàfbu.r.
105-
Eljakin bèa Jo*Dh. 95.
Eti.kin b3n M8h.. 77.
Eù,D, Dav I*w. 2119. 2&3,
E&rn, r{èmaú (HoDe lzri),
EIì.!o S.nrcl (Elhuan). 161,
DuR.o, t3.2I.331. S73.
Du@ldol, :iii, 13. 191. 211,
306,3'r,
r?. 95.
Eltezèr
Dmcker-End@. 2r9. 240-241.
294,
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b.r Shinrhon. 73. 3tt.
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Curicùluni d Jèei.h tchmL
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D.bl5 ol J.M 47: 50 t53:
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c,Deuarionol 23. 37,46_ s6.
coo{nurioo ot r3$, 20a a_ 21 4.
r37r couerion or. r37.
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conlrirutioÀ comnulrl. 221- D.ur.
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conveÈionnt ellort!.
2r r.. 34. 5,r. t96.
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390
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179, 216,
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Elhanan tElkaú Samuel), 164.
Elia b.n Yehi.l Merhùtm- 35?.
Eùcl, Louú, 245,
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255, 237.
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73, 79,
ErDst. ElecLor of Brvùie. r{2.
Ernrr vo! Bryèrn, Arhhiibop,
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l&,245.2{3,
364, 379.
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Erhics. J.vi!h. 30. S@ alro
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Popq 33, 351,
Ind,at
4()0
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22.
J.virh. 30. 41, .*t, 53, 67.
?r, 75,06, r19. r2r. 3r0.
34r
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col&..in. Maver zùn.
H.Lt, Zatúh. Se r{awi8 b
155.
Con!ubiryj Sè Adminilb-
Goldshnidr. J.. 274. 279.
comDd, Ab.rham, 202,
:i, 23, 31. {5, ?5.
127, 136. r$. r41. r,t|, 116.
Gotr$ùarìr andr.s, 2o3, 3o3.
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159.
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13,19. 27, 56,
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75.3s. lol, 36lr or i42r.37.
ol l{25.142, ot law-bEal.n,
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23,1.
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Fùdina rl. EnDeror.32.
Fúdi.rndII Kihlolc.'tih
Firùci,l {rLivnt. JèqBb.
cunònch. E,hnim.l62.
on
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230.
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2to. 254. 274, %7. 257.
H.lbdtredrel €cononù.. 313.
Hùariah bm Davil Yekuliel
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?,44.
counL ol Juclich, 35L
353,
2SA.
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C.ranLoùa^itdion .I.t d.uk
zahùi.h. 233. 234. 291FnDkfo{ ,M, 21, 23, 34-n5,
257. 357, 3s3. 367. 364, 376.
!lryyinb!n l!.+.or zaru_s, 357.
t,6'. 366 sa drto scbqez.
Hawm ban'febiel ndd: zolìdr,
In
GlNwùè. nsNr'ctùE ot a.
H.hnh Ahabot R. in. 2a2.
H.htÒh Dolhti Ea.A. 242
n.hnh C.nllut Eoradin, 232.
I! rhtÒh H d*nauat K allah. 232,
H.hruh Radishah, 242, 3rt.
,I.bah s2nichot Dalin. 242.
coderhsÌdr ol Bru*.14
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3?3.,t7str-3,34.
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rO5.
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36t
3?3.
359.
Sa dts OeuDaliou, Jcliib-
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I{ebB,
169.
12-
He{z, Wilh€ln. 220, 266, 30(
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15, 13, 160,373.
G!ldd.. Sióèoo vor,
c..hùd.
2,1,1,
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HeÍbèrl. A.chbilhoD.
rhìbènbdr. Bemrnn,369.
HrlbeÀlrdt. Morde.i, 366.
cbri.tiaE.29: .
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H.hry or
rntefui.n.20.
125, 139, 200,201,20,1, 301.
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37o-
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H.nricùa ol ColorD.. 359
llemrMlll.A4hb'!noD'15.
Filctrcid, J.wirù. lo{-rto, r$.
Finèr
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22.
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H.id.nh.im. Bruno, 25s.
H3rry ri. A(hbnhop,2,1, 37, ,1t,
GunDèaul rMordecat, 353.
Fùdio{nd, Ekcb. ol B8ITi,,
}]€id.lbJl'xrUfm'd'319'
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2o3. 2lI9. 3cr2,
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HiU.r Ferdinabd.3rrH'tu. JoÌún voh, 361. 3ór.
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Horhkar.n. Jr6b voo. 31s
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Hon. lor J.wirh aDDMtiq
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402
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112, 221.
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ben J@hue. 3s3. 36r
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13- 21.33.
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Jrcob von der TraDD.n. 360.
Jee33r,
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Imori$nm€nt or J.*r.23 8..35_
39. 40. 42. {7. sO. 66. i23:
J.flioèì., Adolt 235. 356. 373.
I.dùr.i,r
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1.334. Sa d&o O..o-
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39r,
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210, 212. 2r4, 21A, 372
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33 3.
3C. 10r. Ja3_ 35r.
Ir*rin rioN, Hèbrèw. s. 7. 343
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r6a, r37, r33, 362. 5.;
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lsaec bcn Ab.abm. 162.333
Ilarc bèn &hèr he-t*vi. 354,
r3.acof Morrioie,3r3.354.
kur Kaha.r RrD:Do.t. 370.
krsc o.
zln 1
rsaacs0hn,
J€wEh Colonirl Trur!. 293.
J.rilr Lrdi6 soci€ry (Ifm.tíattut Fruunù.in), 2a,J.vth Narional Fond. 293.
J€q,leh Tùeolosicqt
37.
40, 355.
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I ud.l itisil*' wohvohrt.ad,
Samrnw or
Jew_ry_R.exl, bobr.
r{2-1s3, ,59,
Jo.deìy0 of rìeidelberr. r0€. r09.
Jo€r bèD traac ha-Lèvi. r9_ 73.
Joèr bèn Morderai. 353. 361.
Jeqa
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K.rsn.
302.
Judah ben Beni.nin (r,ocb .^sh-
Judrb
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H.maDn.
fi,,d4tur?ddL
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29i
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t. N. i I sa
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J td.hhoehtui;t
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Jùdjci,r.rurhoriry sz AurhoF
J u2t1ú1tu| TL. n@t in. 2aq.
JùldiJ.àd khrhaB. 239- 330
Jucr^icb, 160, 162. r66. J63.372,
'Jù.lich, counres Richarda
ru.ligb._coDnts
qr
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Ktr&hbLedlb'Abbt!ol'loi
Kober, Adoll, riii, 233. 315. 379.
Yon,
r16
3q,
KlevÈMrrì. Du.b\ or.
s.?
KoDt.lnann ol Bru.hl, 360.
KNmrm j Josph Ji!p. {Esa
Juèlich-Bè.s, Dùchr
of. t.tl,
Ju;ìsdìcrion ove. Jews.
s4 aú,
Knn.r.
),
Slddldir.*ror. 305.
Krcteld. 13. 207. 2r0.
2 . 2r2.
Jú d. non Manlo- 2a4o.
vÒn. J6r,
L^ND^U, Ez€KtEL,371.
Lan<lùùB, R2bbi, 3?9.
353.
.
Júd,e (Il.rúanù),20. r0ó.
Joho, KiDr or Bohèóia.2{.
Johl xxrl_ Poo.. 37. so.
Jo^*e, Jmob d.,203_ 221.
Jùèph ber r$ac Jorelin.
lr
Jùdaùq Rdorù. s.. Rèfo.n
Jùd,ùm. arack! on.2r r.25.
Kuii;. iìeinri.h
Kapr*r, H.i.nch,
$4.
?20
Ke.D.r6. cD{ave.236.
Jùsph ClemerL. ElÉlo.. r5r.
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Jewy Oath,30, c3. t5.119- rc0
Jo&Dh
rsè.Lin, r$.eì. 16r,366.
rea.titischè Kinddtuih. 247
403
JMDh Mùr.l b.n t6.oh. 3í7.
231,
tla-
IBMH,v
Indet
Jo*Dh oI S!. Tmnd.359-
106.
Kar.DroBi. wé.,er vó0.
36.1.
K,ùrnaDn. Jaúb. 220
162. Js3. 3t5 r . 353. 333
Kaulm.,Dr_Moj36 rsJ
KnDeo {RhrdandJ. 13.23_
52.
Lrwsuirs Md4L Jèr!.23. 39.
LuùB
Fehi. 276-27c
Lèarue ot Gedan Jesùh Com-
lndar
404
r2'rninr Jerr'h,
Ind,e
7r_ 76-32. 3?.
H,{r,d von,
rot, lll. 12. rr9.12? r50-
M.h..Dbèr..
232, J36-J,12. 3s{ r.3s3_ 367,
Meir h.n cedalid, 366.
333, 360, 370. 37t. 374. 37r.
376, 377, 379. 330_ 33J. S4
I.trh.nich.2J, ro1. r32. t42.259.
IÌsgl rr.ru3 orJ.nr, t41-r$.
k..r lorks,
.abbinic, 7$.37.
LrrÌiEh.o, Codin
Yon. 36n.
LrmlGLiEhen, Coturanrine von,
J€wish- 233. 332.
r.oDold. Dúk or auíri'. 49
Iar oI Duesldol.243
rabs aJ ob,ùn M.ù. r72.
kt6 0r Dbrecrion. s2. r'r 63
trvÍr,
sr.Dhen r!sr._ l?5.
Mrnìheih.r. Merku!-
?61.
r.n
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b..
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Mafin v,
Merhanù cuiB.
PóDè. 37_ 135. 136
23 7?
ll5 Sz.'re atr*tt! otr
J€wEh_ 16,r._
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Mùzeùich. Johano vo.. !0.
Mee. 74.
salomon_
304_ 367_ 370.
Mevi$en, Gùrav., 2ot. 301. 3mM.y€r bèD Mdyses ot Bmh.rch.
Mev.r bèn s.mueì ha-Koher
Mgus,
Ma*. Sd Mos.s
b{o
Merimiliun F,rn!. Er4rÒr. r7s.
M.rimilirn Fn€drich,
!:lè.Lor,
Mrihili.n Hciùch,
El€.!or,
219. 221, 223.
M.hle, Judrb, 162,,63. i64.3eé
Mog(Moi3'o, Mo!rr)
or Barh.
r\rúbe hr.Róh.h rMolhP
Hua'ì.
Mèrh€im rcotorne).22s
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, Midwiv*,
51-s6,
Jèqhb, 202.
|\'liìiLry oìiiFarioG or Jès!.
Ìs,
r92, 206, 2i0
f,
231
Mioros3ri, Pfofs$. ot Mèd',
Mithidalei Flaviù'
M@dèratb, kr4 319.
ìfdhr
ben
Yerrlniel ha.Koh.tr.
MoFè!. J.vish BLhop, 353.
À1or* (Bern) or slonhern.
M.!hn, Godca.el.B, 1o7.
Muelheim, r$, 225, 2c5. 2!t6.
250, 25r, 3'9, 337. 344, 373_
rruèo{èr,9r, 9?, l||
162, r6J.
a0-
Mu.n3.6do,2ls,
221,223.
trrusùn, wau.ri RìchùL, 3{5-
Minr, Mor!, 16r.366.
Lo.sEi.h,
355-
Àfonah bdre.237.233.
Mr.rlHaihdorf Foùnd,rion
Mrnnihin. Eno.rcr. t69. l7t.
s.mu.ì,_
Morderì ben Hill€I.
ÀfoFr (Mo5hcì ben srnucl_ 353_
N166 (Mdhè) ben Simoù haM@ Yehièl b.n Eln.r hr
3r0nrr_ $5.
301.
DùÈ
.54
Nl.nd.l$ohn, Mo&s. !34.
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301. 32eÍ s.. ars cóh-
r,ibnry, Jeqnh, 263. 239.
Lien<è, rerche. r, 260, 262
club, Jesiù, 23s.
BhkèÈ; Fjosnci.B.
d&o
IrmB bèn David hl Kóh.n
(Mos M.ùn_ 162. J67.
Liberrri.m, $ of,203, 20! 20!.
r-iv.rm.rn8 (Liveroan)
36J
353, 353, 360, 362,
l'.h:.
Menabem or colorne. t6_
MendelMhl B ar ahold v-
Meh.lam samùet bèn
Librry
175.
Menahen b€n David,356.
Mamu! ol coloFe- J53
Muurl lrboi.130 r - 334-
79.
Lúnann rElkzet olornab,uecjt.
r6t,
2{7, 34C. 369_ 371_ ol Merz.
366, óf Mueìheim, 2sO, J44.
or Nurumber8. 351. s..,,ia
Mrnnheim, 163, 370, 379.
Marrs,
Lnbmon, Be.iióin_ ?{9.
cbúrirn, $.
106-,ro, Jèqish, 22, ro, 106
rÌo, r5, 1t9.,23. t25. r12.
rlfèmorìrì Book!, 17, ot Bom.
371, or Deuk,93.
Mùrm1 ol Ì lolland. roxLevn,, rs,& lJnhann he-L.q
Meir bè. rúac ot won!. 35,1.
b.n Metrr.hèd orNindort.
^reir
Meif _o-r nothèobuf 3,23 f ., it{, 95,
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M^rroNrbEs. itriùcnc. ot. 23.
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r57. 166. r7r_ 200, 3rc, 316.
I{ndin*librd,
49,
405
\\'ithètm
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216, 253. 255f.. 26a.
3ll.312.3a5
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300. 30l, 3r0_
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406
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r90, 373:
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203
204, 226, 20, 24S, 290. 3m fIorDrnhein, solonon. r32. ra4
136, 139. r33. 200. 21e 30À:
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234.255. 2s6.
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201
, 2t9. 220, 22r_
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152.
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234, 233. 303, 304. 30r, 3r3,
3.!,1, J66- 37r- J33. 33,1.
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354 f. JJ6. 3r3. 307. 363.
51. 56, 6r 62, 42. r0r. r06.
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190. 20o.
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