UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Department of Politics and

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Department of Politics and International Relations
MPhil in Politics
The Politics and Government of a Major State:
Italy
Academic Year 2003-2004
Course Provider
Dr. David Hine, Christ Church (e-mail: [email protected] ). Please contact Dr Hine with
suggested additions to, or corrections of, items on this list or with any enquiries about teaching for the
paper.
Syllabus
The formal syllabus for the current paper is set out on page 594 of the Examination Regulations 2003. It
reads as follows:
“Candidates will be expected to show a thorough knowledge of the recent political development of the country
chosen, of its political structure, and of the manner in which its system of government operates. They must be able
to read the available literature in the language of the country selected.”
Content and Structure
The course covers the following subjects:
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methods and approaches to the study of Italian government;
the nature and evolution of the party system, and changing patterns of political participation,
electoral behaviour and interest group activity;
the form and working of the constitution;
the structure, organisation and operation of the executive, legislature, and bureaucracy;
the political roles of the judiciary and of the media;
the powers and functioning of sub -national government.
It also deals with Italy’s policy-making machinery and processes, and its handling of contemporary
economic, social and European policy dilemmas.
Aims and Intentions
The broad academic purposes of the course are to provide candidates with the opportunity to develop
their critical and evaluative skills and substantive knowledge to a very high level by focusing on the
operations of a complex governmental system, including its policy-making processes. The specific
student learning outcomes are to understand the working of Italian government, policymaking and
politics. The paper builds on the political science concepts and general institutional knowledge
introduced in the core paper (‘Comparative European Government and Politics’). The course therefore
aims to provide a specialist knowledge of the subject-matter, giving candidates both a thorough
understanding of the most significant debates in the academic literature and of the different
methodological approaches to the subject. Other student learning outcomes and experiences are to
understand the issues and controversies surrounding the operation of Italian government, which will
enable candidates to place those issues in historical and political context. It provides the ability to
retrieve and analyse official information and other primary documents and, while not explicitly
comparative, encourages the use of material from other political systems to highlight the distinctiveness
of Italian practice. On completion of the course, candidates will be familiar with the detailed workings of
Italian governmental institutions, with decision-making processes in government and the evolution of
the strategies for managing the public sector, and with the political dynamics of the system. Candidates
will also be familiar with the distinctive characteristics of the policy-making process in Italy.
Teaching Arrangements
Because of the small numbers possessing the language skills to take this course, teaching is provided by
means of an eight-week tutorial series in Michaelmas and Hilary Terms.
For the academic year 2003-2004, these will be selected from the following topics:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The party system 1944-92: the left
The party system 1944-92: the Christian Democrats
Changes in the political culture before 1992
Party system change in the 1990s
The politics of institutional reform
Liberal values and Italian politics
The policy process: public expenditure
The policy process: the welfare state
The policy process devolution
Italy and the European Union
Students should also be aware of other senior members of the University with intellectual interests in
Italian politics, political sociology, and recent political history, including Prof. Diego Gambetta, (All
Souls), and Mr Denis Mack Smith (Wolfson College). Each year Nuffield College hosts up to three Italian
visiting fellows under its Jemolo fellowship scheme, while St Antony’s College frequently hosts a
visiting Italian-national British Council fellow in Italian history or politics. All these individuals can
normally be approached to provide advice on particular aspects of the study of modern Italy.
Course Assessment
Students will normally be expected to have written an essay, or equivalent, on an agreed subject for each
tutorial they attend. Other written work may be invited if necessary, or if self-evaluation warrants it. A
report is prepared at the end of each term which evaluates the progress and level of achievement of the
student, and notes the amount of teaching delivered. This report is forwarded to the student’s
University supervisor, and, through the College, to the student’s College adviser.
The course is assessed by examination. It forms 20% of the total marks for the MPhil final examination
and is assessed by one three-hour written examination.
Reading List
Italian-language social-science resources in Oxford are extensive. The Bodleian contains a number of the
main periodicals, including Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, Polis, and Il Mulino. Daily newspapers can
be consulted at the Taylorian Institute, the Language Teaching Centre, the Centre for European Politics
and Society, and Nuffield College. The libraries of St Antony’s and Nuffield Colleges also have
periodicals in Italian. The Bodleian Law Library has a number of periodicals in Italian covering public
and constitutional law. The Library of the Institute of Economics receives Italian-language periodicals in
Italian, including the publications of ISTAT, and subscribes to other valuable OECD and Eurostat source
material.
Constitutional Texts
You also need a detailed and up-to-date text of the Italian constitution, and an associated commentary.
Some of the best commentaries are found in Amato, Giuliano, and Barbera, Augusto, Manuale di Diritto
Pubblico, (1994 ed.).
Journals
The most useful journals for following developments in the Italian constitution are Italian Politics: a
Review (an annual yearbook), and in Italian the Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, and Quaderni
Costituzionali. Wider political developments are well covered in Polis and Il Mulino. There are also
regular articles on Italian government and politics in:
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Electoral Studies
Party Politics
Political Studies
British Journal of Political Science
Government and Opposition
Governance
West European Politics
There are two specialist periodicals in English: the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, and Modern Italy.
The Internet
Up-to-date information on Italian government and politics can often be found on the Internet. Most
colleges provide access via computer rooms and the University Computing Service also does so once
you are properly registered. This reading list contains a number of ‘hyperlinks’ – if you are viewing this
document on the Internet it is possible to click on them to go straight to the document concerned.
Alternatively, by typing the ‘URL’ (Uniform Resource Locator - the document’s internet address) into
the location window on the browser screen, you can call up the site or document.
The links in the reading list are checked each June. However you should bear in mind that the dynamic
nature of the Internet means that some of these links may not necessarily work when you come to using
them. The aim has been to provide resources relevant to the prescribed topics, and the list is by no
means comprehensive. Don’t be afraid to try to locate information yourself.
To get you started, the Political Studies Association website at http://www.lgu.ac.uk/psa/polgovt.html gives
links to the main Italian political parties, government departments, Parliament, pressure groups, etc. The
Italian Government web -site can be found at http://it.dir.yahoo.com/Istituzioni/Governo/ while the Italian
Parliament site is at http://www.paliamento.it., and the prime minister’s office, with a gateway to many
other official sites is http://www.palazzochigi.it. There is a useful current up-to-date site for regions and
regional elections at http://www.repubblica.it/regionali2000/elezioni/index.html. The Social Science Internet
Gateway (SOSIG) at http://sosig.esrc.bris.ac.uk/ contains annotated links to a variety of Internet resources.
Do bear in mind, however, the limitations of the medium:
It is not always easy to find specific pieces of information quickly.
What you find is rarely in a form that is directly useful.
More than a little of what is published, even by governments, is misleading or inaccurate.
A Brief Note on pdf Documents
A Number of documents in the reading list end in the suffix ‘.pdf’. These are in ‘portable document
format’ which means you will need suitable software to read them. The best way to do this is to use
Adobe’s Acrobat reader, which can be downloaded from http://www.adobe.com/acrobat. Ask for help from
computer officers if you are unsure how to do this.
General Bibliography
I. Historical Accounts of Italy since 1945
Bufacchi, Vittorio and Burgess, Simon M., Italy since 1989. Events and Interpretations, 1998
Frei, Matt, Italy: The Unfinished Revolution, 1996 (a journalist’s account)
Ginsborg, Paul, A History of Contemporary Italy. Society and Politics 1943-1988, 1990
Kogan, Norman, A Political History of Postwar Italy, 1983
Richards, Charles, The New Italians, 1994 (a journalist’s eye-witness account)
Woolf, Stuart J. (ed.), The Rebirth of Italy, 1943-50, 1972
II. Recent Collected Anthologies
Hine, David, and Vassallo, Salvatore (eds.) Italian Politics: The Return of Politics, 2000
Bardi, Luciano, and Rhodes, Martin (eds.) Italian Politics: Mapping the Future, 1998
D’Alimonte, Roberto and Nelken, David, Italian Politics: the Centre-Left in Power, 1997
Caciagli Mario and Kertzer, David I., Italian Politics: the Stalled Transition, 1996
Fedele, Marcello and Leonardi, Robert (a cura di), La politica senza i partiti, 1996
Gundle, Stephen and Parker, Simon (eds.), The New Italian Republic, 1996
Katz, Richard S. and Ignazi, Piero (eds.), Italian Politics: The Year of the Tycoon, 1996
Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti, Raffaella Y. (eds.), Italy. Politics and Policy, vol. 1, 1996, chaps. 1-8
III. Institutions and Policy Processes
Amato, Giuliano, and Barbera, Augusto, Manuale di Diritto Pubblico, 1994 edition
Cassese, Sabino and Franchini, Claudio, L’amministrazione pubblica italiana: un profilo, 1994
Ceccanti, S., Massari, O., Pasquino, G., Semipresidenzialismo: Analisi delle esperienze europee, 1996
Certoma, G. Leroy, The Italian Legal System, 1985
Di Palma, Giuseppe., Fabbrini, Sergio, and Freddi, Giorgo (eds.) Condannata al successo? L’Italia
nell’Europa integrata, 2000
D’Albergo, E. and Vaselli, P., Un amministrazione imprenditoriale? Il cambiamento nel sistema pubblico fra
apprendimento ed ipocrisia , 1997
D’Auria, D. and Bellucci, P., (a cura di) Politici e burocrati al governo dell’amministrazione, 1995
Della Cananea, G., ‘The Policy of Administrative Reform under the Ciampi govemment’, West European
Politics, 19, 2, 1996, pp. 321-39
De Micheli, C., ‘L’attività legislativa dei governi al tramonto della prima repubblica’ Rivista Italiana di
Scienza Politica , XXVII, 1, 1997, pp. 151-88
Fabbrini, Sergio, Quale democrazia: l’Italia e gli altri, 1994
Franco, M., Il re della Repubblica 1997
Furlong, Paul, Modern Italy: Representation and Reform, 1994
Furlong, Paul, ‘The Italian Parliament and European Integration: Responsibilities, Failures, and
Successes’, Journal of Legislative Studies, 1, 3, 1995, pp. 35-45
Gilbert, M., ‘Transforming Italy’s Institutions? The bicameral committee on institutional reform’, Modern
Italy, 3, l, 1998, pp. 49-66
Giuliani, M., ‘Measures of Consensual Law-making: The Italian ‘Consociativismo’ South European Society
and Politics, 1, 2, 1997, pp. 66-78
Gualmini, E., ‘L’evoluzione degli assetti concertativi in Italia e in Germania’ Rivista Italiana di Scienza
Politica, XXVII, 1, 1997, pp. 101-150
Hine, David, Governing Italy: The Politics of Bargained Pluralism, 1993
Lancaster, T., ‘Executive-Legislative Relations in Southern Europe’, South European Society and Politics, 1,
2, 1997, pp, 66-78
Levy, Carl, Italian Regionalism: History, Identity, and Politics, 1996, esp. chaps by Hine (pp. 109-130), Farrell
and Levy (pp. 131-150) and Allum (pp. 151-70)
Massai, Alessandro, Dentro Il parlamento, 1996
Melis, Guido, Storia dell’ amministrazione italiana 1861-1993, 1996
Morisi, M., ‘Le autorità indipendenti in Italia come tema di ricerca’, Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica,
XXVII, 2, 1997, pp. 226-272
Pasquino, G., ‘No longer a party state? Institutions, Power and Problems of Italian Reform’, West
European Politics, 20, 1, 1997, pp. 34- 47
Pasquino, G., ‘Reforming the Italian Constitution’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 3, 1, 1998, pp. 42-54
Pasquino, G., ‘Dal premierato forte al semipresidenzialismo debole’ Il Mulino, XLVI, 372, 1997, pp.
685-93
Putnam, Robert D., Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, 1993
Recchi, E., ‘Parliamentary Recruitment and Consolidation in the First and Second Italian Republics’,
West European Politics, 19, 2 1996, pp. 339-59
Vassallo, S., Il governo di partito in Italia (1943-1993), 1994
Zucchini, F., ‘L’attività legislativa del parlamento italiano: consociativismo?
Polarizzazione?’ Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXVII, 3, 1997, pp. 569-610
IV. The Party System and the Electoral System
(a) Older Literature:
Blackmer, Donald L.M. and Tarrow, Sidney (eds.), Communism in Italy and France, 1975
Calise, M., ‘Remaking the Italian Party System: How Lijphart got it Right by Saying it Wrong’, West
European Politics, 16, 4, 1993, pp. 545-60
Chiarini, R., ‘The Italian Far Right: the Search for Legitimacy’, in Cheles, Luciano et al, The Far Right in
Western and Eastern Europe, 1995
De Grand, Alexander J., The Italian Left in the Twentieth Century. A History of the Socialist and Communist
Parties, 1989
Di Scala, Spencer, Renewing Italian Socialism: Nenni to Craxi, 1988
Farneti, Paolo, The Italian Party System (1945-1980), 1985
Furlong, P., ‘Government stability and electoral systems: the Italian example’ Parliamentary Affairs, 44, 2,
Apr. 1991.
Ignazi, Piero, Dal PCI al PDS, 1992
Leonardi, Robert and Wertman, Douglas A., Italian Christian Democracy: The Politics of Dominance, 1989
McCarthy, Patrick and Pasquino, Gianfranco (eds), The End of Postwar Politics in Italy. The Landmark 1992
Elections, 1993
Urban, Joan B., Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, 1986
(b) Literature on recent changes
Baccetti, Carlo, Il PDS, 1997
Barlucchi, M.C., ‘Quale secessione in Italia?’ Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXVII, 2, 1997, pp. 345-372
Cento-Bull, A., ‘Class, Gender and Voting in Italy’, West European Politics, 20, 2 1997,
pp. 97-92
Corbetta, P. and Parisi, A. M. L. (a cura di) A domanda risponde: Il cambiamento del voto degli italiani nelle
elezioni del 1994 e del 1996, 1997
Corbetta, P. and Parisi, A. M. L. (a cura di), Cavalieri e fanti: Proposte e proponenti nelle elezioni del 1994 e del
1996, 1997
Ferraresi, Franco, Threats to Democracy: the Radical Right in Italy after the War, 1996
Gangemi, G. and Ricamboni, G. (a cura di), Le elezioni della transizione: il sistema politico italiano alla prova
del voto 1994-1996, 1997
Ignazi, P., ‘The transformation of the MSI into the DN’, West European Politics, 4, 19, 1996, pp. 693-714
Ignazi, Piero, Postfascisti? Dal Movimento Sociale Italiano ad Alleanza Nazionale, 1994
Il Mulino , XLV, 365, 1996 ‘Osservatori italiano’ (six articles by Sani, Fabbrini, Follini, Cazzola, Bagnasco,
and Pasquino in a special issue on the 1996 elections)
Katz, R., ‘Electoral laws and the transformation of Party politics in Italy’, Party Politics, II, 1, 1996, pp.
31-54
Morlino, L. and Tarchi, M., ‘The dissatisfied society: the roots of political change in Italy’, European
Journal of Political Research , XXX, 1, 1996, pp. 41-63
Morlino, L., ‘Crisis of parties and change of party system’, Party Politics, II, 1, 1996, pp. 5-30
Morlino. L., ‘Is there an impact? And where is it? Electoral reform and the party system in Italy’, South
European Society and Politics, 2, 3, 1997, pp. 103-130
Nevola, G., ‘La politica della secessione’, Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , XXVIII, 1, 1998, pp. 119-56
Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXIV, 3, 1994 ‘Elezioni politiche 1994’ (special issue on the 1994 general
election)
Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXVI, 3, 1996 ‘Elezioni politiche 1996’ (special issue on the 1996 general
election)
Sapelli, G., ‘The transformation of the Italian party system’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2, 2, 1997,
pp. 167-87
Sartori, Giovanni, Comparative Constitutional Engineering. An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives, and
Outcomes, 1994
Seisselberg., J., ‘Forza Italia, a media-mediated personality party’, West European Politics, 4, 19, 1996, pp.
715-743
Tarchi, Marco, Dal Msi ad An, 1997
Weinberg, Leonard, The Transformation of Italian Communism, 1995
V. The Social Base of Politics
Ammirato, Piero, La Lega: The Making of a Successful Cooperative Network, 1996
Anselmi, L. (ed.), Privatizzare: come e perchè, 1995
Arlacchi, Pino, Mafia Business: The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, 1989
Baldassarri, Mario; Macchiati, Alfredo and Piacentino, Diego (eds.), The Privatization of Public Utilities: the
Case of Italy, 1997
Cardia, C. G., Profilo giuridica della privatizzazione, 1994
Cecere, Alfonso, L’itinerario delle privatizzazioni: legislazione,programmi, direttive, 1995
Dyson, Kenneth, and Featherstone, Kevin, ‘Italy and EMU as a ‘Vincolo Esterno’: Empowering the
Technocrats, Transforming the State’, South European Politics and Society, 2, 1, 1996, pp. 272-290
Ferrante, M., ‘Transizionne di regime e interessi imprenditoriale in Italia’, Rivista Italiana di Scienza
Politica, XXVIII, 1, 1998, pp. 81-118
Franzosi, Roberto, The Puzzle of Strikes: Class and State Strategies in Postwar Italy, 1995
Gambetta, Diego, The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection, 1993
Golden, Miriam, Labor Divided: Austerity and Working Class Politics in Contemporary Italy, 1988
Granaglia, E., ‘The Italian National Health Service and the Challenge of Privatization’, South European
Society and Politics, I, 3, 1996, pp. 155-172
Lange, Peter and Regini, Marino (eds.), State, Market, and Social Regulation: New Perspectives on Italy, 1989
Locke, Richard M., Remaking the Italian Economy, 1995
Macchiati, Alfredo, Privatizzazioni: fra economia e politica, 1996
Marchetti, P., Le privatizzazioni in Italia , 1995
Pardolesi, R. and Perna, R., ‘Fra il dire e il fare: la legislazione italiana sulla privatizzazione dlle imprese
pubbliche’ Rivista critica del diritto privato, 4, 1994
Padoa Schioppa, Fiorella, Italy: the Sheltered Economy, 1993
Trigilia, C., ‘Italy: the Political Economy of a Regionalized Capitalism’, South European Society and Politics,
3, 2, 1997, pp. 52-65
Negri Zamagni, Vera, The Economic History of Italy, 1860-1990, 1993
VII. Patronage and Political Corruption
Allum, P. A., Politics and Society in Postwar Naples, 1973
Chubb, Judith, Patronage, Power and Poverty in Southern Italy. A Tale of Two Cities, 1982
Chubb, J., ‘The Christian Democrat Party: reviving or surviving?’ in Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti,
Raffaella (eds.), Italian Politics: a Review, vol. 1, 1986, 69-86.
Della Porta, Donatella and Meny, Yves, Democracy and Corruption in Europe, 1997
Gambetta, Diego, The Sicilian Mafia: The Private Business of Private Protection, 1993
Guarnieri, C. and Pederzoli, P., La democrazia giustiziaria , 1997
Heidenheimer, Arnold J. et al, Political Corruption: a Handbook, 1989, esp. chap. by Heidenheimer (pp.
149-63), but also other chapters relating specifically to Italy
Zanotti, F. and Sapignoli, M., ‘L’incremento degli incarichi extra-giudiziari dei magistrati italiani: una
ricerca sugli anni 1992, 1993, 1994’, Polis, XI, 2 1997, pp. 213-229
Pujas, Veronique and Rhodes, Martin, 'Party Finance and Political Scandal in Italy, Spain, and France',
West European Politics, 1999
Meny, Yves, and Martin Rhodes, ‘Illicit Governance: Corruption, Scandal, and Fraud’, in Rhodes,
Martin, et al, Developments in West European Politics, 1997
Chubb, Judith, Patronage, Power, and Poverty in Southern Italy: A Tale of Two Cities, 1982.
Chubb, Judith and M. Vannicelli, 'Italy: A Web of Scandals in a Flawed Democracy', in A. S. Markovits
and M. Silverstein (eds.), The Politics of Scandal. Power and Process in Liberal Democracies, 122--50.
Hine, David, ‘Party, personality, and the law: the political culture of Italian corruption’, in P. N. Jones,
(ed.), Party, Parliament, and Personality 1995 pp. 180-202
Della Porta, Donatella, ‘Milan: immoral capital’, in S. Hellman and G. Pasquino (eds.), Italian Politics: a
Review, 1994.
Tutorial topics:
1. What accounts for the dominance of the left in postwar Italy by parties associated more closely
with the communist than the social democratic tradition?
Blackmer, Donald L.M. and Tarrow, Sidney (eds.), Communism in Italy and France, 1975
Galli, Giorgio, Storia del Partito Comunista Italiano, 1976
Mammarella, Giuseppe, Il Partito Comunista Italiano, 1945-75, 1976
Galli, Girogio, Il difficle governo, 1972
Prandi, Alfonso, and Galli, Giorgio, Patterns of Political Participation in Italy, 1970
Tarrow, Sidney, Peasant Communism in Southern Italy, 1967
Barth Urban, Joan, Moscow and the Italian Communist Party: from Togliatti to Berlinguer, 1986
De Grand, Alexander J., The Italian Left in the Twentieth Century. A History of the Socialist and Communist
Parties, 1989
Di Scala, Spencer, Renewing Italian Socialism: Nenni to Craxi, 1988
Amyott, Grant, The Italian Communist Party, 1981
Ranney, Austin and Sartori, Giovanni (eds.), Eurocommunism: the Italian Case, 1978
Low-Beer, John, Protest and Participation: the new working class in Italy, 1978
Bull, Martin, and Heywood, Paul (eds.), West European Communiost Parties after the Revolution of 1989,
1994
2. How do you account for the gradual ‘southernisation’ of the Italian Christian Democrat Party?
Prandi, Alfonso, and Galli, Giorgio, Patterns of Political Participation in Italy, 1970
Tarrow, Sidney, Peasant Communism in Southern Italy, 1967
Galli, Girogio, Il difficle governo, 1972
Parisi, Arturo, Democristiani, 1979
Allum, P. A., Politics and Society in Postwar Naples, 1973
Chubb, Judith, Patronage, Power and Poverty in Southern Italy: A Tale of Two Cities, 1982
Chubb, J., ‘The Christian Democrat Party: reviving or surviving?’, in Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti,
Raffaella (eds.), Italian Politics: a Review, vol. 1, 1986, 69-86.
Gambetta, Diego, The Sicilian Mafia: The Private Business of Private Protection, 1993
Meny, Yves, and Martin Rhodes, ‘Illicit Governance: Corruption, Scandal, and Fraud’, in Rhodes,
Martin, et al, Developments in West European Politics, 1997
Chubb, Judith and M. Vannicelli, ‘Italy: A Web of Scandals in a Flawed Democracy’, in A. S. Markovits
and M. Silverstein (eds.), The Politics of Scandal. Power and Process in Liberal Democracies, 122--50.
3. How great was the erosion of sub-cultural politics in Italy before 1992?
Cotta, Maurizio, and Isernia, Paolo (eds.), Il gigante dai piedi di argilla:Le ragioni della crisi della prima
repubblica. Partiti e politiche dagli anni ’80 a mani pulite, 1996
Calise, M., ‘Remaking the Italian Party System: How Lijphart got it Right by Saying it Wrong’, West
European Politics, 16, 4, 1993, pp. 545-60
Corbetta, P. and Parisi, A. M. L., (a cura di) A domanda risponde: Il cambiamento del voto degli italiani nelle
elezioni del 1994 e del 1996, 1997
Gangemi, G. and Ricamboni, G. (a cura di), Le elezioni della transizione: il sistema politico italiano alla prova
del voto 1994-1996, 1997
Morlino, L. and Tarchi, M., ‘The dissatisfied society: the roots of political change in Italy’, European
Journal of Political Research , XXX, 1, 1996, pp. 41-63
Morlino, L., ‘Crisis of parties and change of party system’, Party Politics, II, 1, 1996, pp. 5-30
Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXIV, 3, 1994 ‘Elezioni politiche 1994’ (special issue on the 1994 general
election)
Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXVI, 3, 1996 ‘Elezioni politiche 1996’ (special issue on the 1996 general
election)
Sapelli, G., ‘The transformation of the Italian party system’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2, 2, 1997,
pp. 167-87
Blackmer, Donald L. M. and Tarrow, Sidney (eds.), Communism in Italy and France, 1975
Chiarini, R., ‘The Italian Far Right: the Search for Legitimacy’, in Cheles, Luciano et al, The Far Right in
Western and Eastern Europe, 1995
De Grand, Alexander J., The Italian Left in the Twentieth Century. A History of the Socialist and Communist
Parties, 1989
Farneti, Paolo, The Italian Party System (1945-1980), 1985
Ignazi, Piero, Dal PCI al PDS, 1992
McCarthy, Patrick and Pasquino, Gianfranco (eds.), The End of Postwar Politics in Italy. The Landmark 1992
Elections, 1993
Urban, Joan B., Moscow and the Italian Communist Party, 1986
4. What explains the sudden collapse of the old Italian party system after 1992?
Baccetti, Carlo, Il PDS, 1997
Cento-Bull, A., ‘Class, Gender and Voting in Italy’, West European Politics, 20, 2 1997
Corbetta, P. and Parisi, A. M. L., (a cura di) A domanda risponde: Il cambiamento del voto degli italiani nelle
elezioni del 1994 e del 1996, 1997
Gangemi, G. and Ricamboni, G. (a cura di), Le elezioni della transizione: il sistema politico italiano alla prova
del voto 1994-1996, 1997
Ignazi, P., ‘The transformation of the MSI into the DN’, West European Politics, 4, 19, 1996, pp. 693-714
Ignazi, Piero, Postfascisti? Dal Movimento Sociale Italiano ad Alleanza Nazionale, 1994
Il Mulino , XLV, 365, 1996 ‘Osservatori italiani’ (six articles by Sani, Fabbrini, Follini, Cazzola, Bagnasco,
and Pasquino in a special issue on the 1996 elections)
Katz, R., ‘Electoral laws and the transformation of Party politics in Italy’, Party Politics, II, 1, 1996, pp.
31-54
Morlino, L. and Tarchi, M., ‘The dissatisfied society: the roots of political change in Italy’, European
Journal of Political Research , XXX, 1, 1996, pp. 41-63
Morlino, L., ‘Crisis of parties and change of party system’, Party Politics, II, 1, 1996, pp. 5-30
Morlino. L., ‘Is there an impact? And where is it? Electoral reform and the party system in Italy’, South
European Society and Politics, 2, 3, 1997, pp. 103-130
Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXIV, 3, 1994 ‘Elezioni politiche 1994’ (special issue on the 1994 general
election)
Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, XXVI, 3, 1996 ‘Elezioni politiche 1996’ (special issue on the 1996 general
election)
Sapelli, G., ‘The transformation of the Italian party system’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2, 2, 1997,
pp. 167-87
Seisselberg., J., ‘Forza Italia, a media-mediated personality party’, West European Politics, 4, 19, 1996, pp.
715-743
Tarchi, Marco, Dal Msi ad An, 1997
Tarchi, Marco and Poli, E., ‘The Parties of the Polo: United to what end?, in Hine and Vasallo, op. cit., 6586.
Mennitti, Domenico Forza Italia: Radiografia di un evento, 1997
Golia, Carlo, Dentro Forza Italia, 1997
Della Porta, Donatella and Meny, Yves, Democracy and Corruption in Europe, 1997
Guarnieri, Carlo and Pederzoli, P., La democrazia giustiziaria , 1997
Guarnieri, Carlo, ‘The Judiciary in the Italian Political Crisis’, West European Politics, 20, 1, 1997
Pujas, Veronique and Rhodes, Martin, ‘Party Finance and Political Scandal in Italy, Spain, and France’,
West European Politics, 1999
Meny, Yves, and Martin Rhodes, ‘Illicit Governance: Corruption, Scandal, and Fraud’, in Rhodes,
Martin, et al, Developments in West European Politics, 1997
Chubb, Judith and M. Vannicelli, ‘Italy: A Web of Scandals in a Flawed Democracy’, in A. S. Markovits
and M. Silverstein (eds.), The Politics of Scandal: Power and Process in Liberal Democracies, 122-50.
Hine, David, ‘Party, personality, and the law: the political culture of Italian corruption’, in P. N. Jones
(ed.), Party, Parliament, and Personality, 1995, pp. 180-202
Della Porta, Donatella, ‘Milan: immoral capital’, in S. Hellman and G. Pasquino (eds.), Italian Politics: a
Review, 1994.
5. Why has it been so difficult to achieve agreement on institutional reform in Italy in the 1990s?
Amato, Giuliano, and Barbera, Augusto, Manuale di Diritto Pubblico, 1994 edition
Ceccanti, S., Massari, O., Pasquino, G., Semipresidenzialismo: Analisi delle esperienze europee, 1996
D’Auria, D. and Bellucci, P. (a cura di) Politici e burocrati al governo dell’amministrazione, 1995
Fabbrini, Sergio, Quale democrazia: l’Italia e gli altri, 1994
Franco, M., Il re della Repubblica 1997
Furlong, Paul, Modern Italy: Representation and Reform, 1994
Gilbert, M., ‘Transforming Italy’s Institutions? The bicameral committee on institutional reform’, Modern
Italy, 3, l, 1998, pp. 49-66
Hine, David, Governing Italy: The Politics of Bargained Pluralism, 1993
Lancaster, T., ‘Executive-Legislative Relations in Southern Europe’, South European Society and Politics, 1,
2, 1997, pp, 66-78
Massai, Alessandro, Dentro Il parlamento, 1996
Pasquino, G., ‘No longer a party state? Institutions, Power and Problems of Italian Reform’, West
European Politics, 20, 1, 1997, pp. 34- 47
Pasquino, G., ‘Reforming the Italian Constitution’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 3, 1, 1998, pp. 42-54
Pasquino, G., ‘Dal premierato forte al semipresidenzialismo debole’ Il Mulino, XLVI, 372, 1997, pp.
685-93
Recchi, E., ‘Parliamentary Recruitment and Consolidation in the First and Second Italian Republics’,
West European Politics, 19, 2 1996, pp. 339-59
Vassallo, S., Il governo di partito in Italia (1943-1993), 1994
6. Does Italy lack a party articulating genuinely liberal political values?
Gray, John, Liberalism, 1986
Sandel, Michael, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1982
Clark, Martin., Modern Italy 1871-1982, 1984
Mack Smith, D., Italy: a Political History, 1997
von Beyme, Klaus, Political Parties in Western Democracies,1985
Bellamy, Richard, Modern Italian Social Theory, 1987
Hoare, Quinton, and Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey, (eds. and trans.) Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 1971
Perona, Ernesto (ed.), Gobetti, P., La Rivoluzione Liberale: Saggio sulla lotta politica in Italia , 1995 (fifth
edition)
Bagnoli, P., ‘Piero Gobetti and the Liberal Revolution in Italy’ Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 2, 1 1997
Sprigge, Carl, Philosophy, Poetry, History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966)
Bellamy, Richard, ‘Liberalism and Historicism: Bendetto Croce and the political role of Idealism in Italy
c. 1880-1950’, in Moulakis, A., (ed.) The Promise of History, (Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1985),
69-119.
Pombeni, Paolo, Partiti e sistemi politici nella storia contemporanea, 1985
Bobbio, N., Ideological Profile of Twentieth Century Italy, 1995.
Pizzorno, Alessandro, ‘A theoretical framework for the study of political parties’, English translation
published in Pinto Diana, (ed.), Contemporary Italian Sociology: a Reader, 1981
7. How do explain the capacity of the public authorities to cut the Italian budget deficit so
successfully during the 1990s?
Start with successive annual OECD reports (‘OECD Economic Survey: Italy’), since circa 1993
Morcaldo, Giuseppe, La financza pubblica in Italia , 1993
Di Palma, Giuseppe., Fabbrini, Sergio, and Freddi, Giorgo (eds.), Condannata al successo? L’Italia
nell’Europa integrata, 2000, within which see especially: on public finances, Vasallo, S., ‘La politica del
bilancio: le condizioni e gli effetti della convergenza’, pp. 287-324; and on regulation La Spina, A., ‘ Le
autorità independenti: rilevanza e istituzionalizzazione’, pp. 199-244.
Anselmi, L. (ed.), Privatizzare: come e perchè, 1995
Baldassarri, Mario; Macchiati, Alfredo and Piacentino, Diego (eds.), The Privatization of Public Utilities: the
Case of Italy, 1997
Cecere, Alfonso, L’itinerario delle privatizzazioni: legislazione,programmi, direttive, 1995
Dyson, Kenneth, and Featherstone, Kevin, ‘Italy and EMU as a ‘Vincolo Esterno’: Empowering the
Technocrats, Transforming the State’, South European Politics and Society, 2, 1, 1996, pp. 272-290
Granaglia, E., ‘The Italian National Health Service and the Challenge of Privatization’, South European
Society and Politics, I, 3, 1996, pp. 155-172
Feslen, David, ‘Changes to the Italian budgetary regime’, in Hine, David, and Vassallo, Salvatore (eds.),
Italian Politics: The Return of Politics, 2000
Locke, Richard M., Remaking the Italian Economy, 1995
Macchiati, Alfredo, Privatizzazioni: fra economia e politica, 1996
Marchetti, P., Le privatizzazioni in Italia , 1995
Pardolesi, R. and Perna, R., ‘Fra il dire e il fare: la legislazione italiana sulla privatizzazione dlle imprese
pubbliche’ Rivista critica del diritto privato, 4, 1994
Padoa Schioppa, Fiorella, Italy: the Sheltered Economy, 1993
Trigilia, C., ‘Italy: the Political Economy of a Regionalized Capitalism’, South European Society and Politics,
3, 2, 1997, pp. 52-65
Castellino, Oreste, ‘Pension Reform: Perhaps not the last round’, in Caciagli Mario and Kertzer, David I.,
Italian Politics: the Stalled Transition, 1996
8. Why have cities and city governments, rather than regions, been more prominent in the drive for
local autonomy in Italy in the last decade?
Amato, Giuliano, and Barbera, Augusto, Manuale di Diritto Pubblico, 1994 edition
Cassese, Sabino and Franchini, Claudio, L’amministrazione pubblica italiana: un profilo, 1994
Certoma, G. Leroy, The Italian Legal System, 1985
Di Palma, Giuseppe., Fabbrini, Sergio, and Freddi, Giorgo (eds.), Condannata al successo? L’Italia
nell’Europa integrata, 2000
D’Albergo, E. and Vaselli, P., Un amministrazione imprenditoriale? Il cambiamento nel sistema pubblico fra
apprendimento ed ipocrisia , 1997
D’Auria, D. and Bellucci, P. (a cura di), Politici e burocrati al governo dell’amministrazione, 1995
Della Cananea, G., ‘The Policy of Administrative Reform under the Ciampi govemment’, West European
Politics, 19, 2, 1996, pp. 321-39
Fabbrini, Sergio, Quale democrazia: l’Italia e gli altri, 1994
Gilbert, M., ‘Transforming Italy’s Institutions? The bicameral committee on institutional reform’, Modern
Italy, 3, l, 1998, pp. 49-66
Levy, Carl, Italian Regionalism: History, Identity, and Politics, 1996, esp. chaps by Hine (pp. 109-130), Farrell
and Levy (pp. 131-150) and Allum (pp. 151-70)
Melis, Guido, Storia dell’ amministrazione italiana 1861-1993, 1996
Pasquino, G. ‘Reforming the Italian Constitution’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 3, 1, 1998, pp. 42-54
Pasquino, G., ‘Dal premierato forte al semipresidenzialismo debole’ Il Mulino, XLVI, 372, 1997, pp.
685-93
Putnam, Robert D., Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, 1993
9. Why has it been so difficult to reform the Italian welfare state?
Anselmi, L. (ed.), Privatizzare: come e perchè, 1995
Baldassarri, Mario; Macchiati, Alfredo and Piacentino, Diego (eds.), The Privatization of Public Utilities: the
Case of Italy, 1997
Dyson, Kenneth, and Featherstone, Kevin, ‘Italy and EMU as a ‘Vincolo Esterno’: Empowering the
Technocrats, Transforming the State’, South European Politics and Society, 2, 1, 1996, pp. 272-290
Ferrante, M., ‘Transizionne di regime e interessi imprenditoriale in Italia’, Rivista Italiana di Scienza
Politica, XXVIII, 1, 1998, pp. 81-118
Franzosi, Roberto, The Puzzle of Strikes: Class and State Strategies in Postwar Italy, 1995
Golden, Miriam, Labor Divided: Austerity and Working Class Politics in Contemporary Italy, 1988
Granaglia, E., ‘The Italian National Health Service and the Challenge of Privatization’, South European
Society and Politics, I, 3, 1996, pp. 155-172
Lange, Peter an d Regini, Marino (eds.), State, Market, and Social Regulation: New Perspectives on Italy, 1989
Locke, Richard M., Remaking the Italian Economy, 1995
Macchiati, Alfredo, Privatizzazioni: fra economia e politica, 1996
Pardolesi, R. and Perna, R., ‘Fra il dire e il fare: la legislazione italiana sulla privatizzazione dlle imprese
pubbliche’, Rivista critica del diritto privato, 4, 1994
Padoa Schioppa, Fiorella, Italy: the Sheltered Economy, 1993
Trigilia, C., ‘Italy: the Political Economy of a Regionalized Capitalism’, South European Society and Politics,
3, 2, 1997, pp. 52-65
Negri Zamagni, Vera, The Economic History of Italy, 1860-1990, 1993
10. Is Italy an effective defender of its own national interests within the European Union?
Francioni, Francesco (ed.), Italy and EC Membership Evaluated, 1992
Furlong, Paul, ‘The Italian Parliament and European Integration: Responsibilities, Failures, and
Successes’, Journal of Legislative Studies, 1, 3, 1995, pp. 35-45
Di Palma, Giuseppe., Fabbrini, Sergio, and Freddi, Giorgo (eds.), Condannata al successo? L’Italia
nell’Europa integrata, 2000