Chiusi tra Sua Santità e Sua Altezza Imperiale e Regia

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Chiusi tra Sua Santità e Sua Altezza Imperiale e Regia
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Consiglio
Regionale
della Toscana
Associazione
Nazionale
Finanzieri
d’Italia
Museo Storico
della Guardia
di Finanza
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In memoria di Alfio Giovanni Costanzo,
consigliere nazionale A.N.F.I.
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Presentazioni
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a storia della Guardia di Finanza, pur risalendo ai fasti del Regno di Sardegna, ove fu fondata nel lontano ottobre del 1774,
col titolo di Legione Truppe Leggere, è stata arricchita e resa ancor più gloriosa anche grazie al valore dimostrato sui campi di battaglia,
all’eroismo quotidiano ed agli innumerevoli sacrifici compiuti, anche in
tempo di pace, dai tanti e tanti finanzieri e/o doganieri che hanno militato nei cosiddetti corpi di Finanza pre-unitari, confluiti tutti, nel 1862,
tra le fila del neonato Corpo delle Guardie Doganali del Regno d’Italia.
Fra questi ci onoriamo di annoverare e ricordare una delle milizie
più importanti e meglio organizzate: la poco conosciuta Reale Guardia
di Finanza del Granducato di Toscana, sorta nel 1840, sulle ceneri della
poco efficiente Guardia d’Ambulanza (un’organizzazione civile dell’amministrazione gabellaria fiorentina), ed operante sino alle scelte plebiscitarie del 1859.
Un aspetto peculiare delle vicende storiche di tale milizia viene oggi
ricordato anche attraverso il presente libro, che traccia le evoluzioni
organiche ed operative delle antiche dogane granducali del Chiusino,
incastonate nella splendida provincia senese, e che per alcuni decenni operarono lungo quel delicato confine politico-militare che separava
l’allora Granducato di Toscana dallo Stato Pontificio.
Il lavoro del prof. Enrico Fuselli – senza volerne anticipare i contenuti – consente essenzialmente di far conoscere ai più – ma soprattutto
ai giovani – il contributo determinante offerto da quelle dogane e dalle
relative brigate e distaccamenti di finanza nella diuturna lotta al nemico
di sempre, e di ogni Stato italiano: il contrabbando doganale, contro il
quale, sia gli uni che gli altri spiegarono forze e sacrifici oggi inimmaginabili.
Ma il libro del prof. Fuselli non risponde solo alle esigenze di una
mera ricostruzione storica basata su criteri cronologici, in quanto affronta – e lo fa sapientemente e con certosina puntualità, tipici di un vero
ricercatore storico quale egli è – temi, aspetti ed eventi di squisito sapore
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“istituzionale”, analizzando, infatti, le complicate materie professionali
nelle quali operavano i doganieri ed i finanzieri toscani (così come pure
i dirimpettai pontifici), nonché le varie problematiche di natura fiscale e
diplomatica sorte nei decenni sia a livello centrale che periferico, e non
solo con l’importantissimo e potente stato confinante.
Il libro Chiusi tra Sua Santità e Sua Altezza Imperiale e Regia. Il contrabbando nel Granducato di Toscanaè, dunque, da ritenersi un tassello
importante nel complesso mosaico storico-cognitivo riguardante l’apparato doganale, fiscale e poliziesco del Granducato di Toscana. È un
vero e proprio scrigno di dati e notizie altrimenti di difficile reperimento, se non attraverso frammentarie e complicate ricerche archivistiche e
bibliografiche.
Nel ringraziare, dunque, il prof. Enrico Fuselli, non nuovo a queste
esperienze culturali, per la sua iniziativa editoriale, in virtù della quale
un’ennesima “pagina di vita del Corpo” è stata tolta dall’oblio e portata all’attenzione degli appassionati di storia patria, auspico fortemente
che coloro i quali avranno modo di leggere questo libro sappiano trarne
ispirazione e forza morale per affrontare meglio la vita in generale, e le
responsabilità di chi è cittadino della nostra amata Patria italiana, che
per noi finanzieri coincidono con il duro, impegnativo ed indispensabile servizio a tutela della legalità e dell’ordine economicofinanziario dello
Stato, di cui la Guardia di Finanza è – allora come oggi – la principale ed
orgogliosa protagonista.
Roma, 21 maggio 2013
Gen. C.A. Saverio Capolupo
Comandante Generale
della Guardia di Finanza
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VALJAVECF!Die politischen Wirkungen der AufklärungF!ed27(/)723>/!o+22/*23>#87fF!
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G. MACCHIOROF!Teorie e riforme nella Lombardia del sec. XVIIIF!<+77;!(+!<#27/..-F!
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NOYER-WEIDNERF!Die Aufklärung in OberitalienF!^s*3>/*F!m)/L/'F!Djc&=!E. ROTAF!
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A. ANZILOTTIF!Le riforme in Toscana nella seconda metà del sec. XVIIIF!+*!L. RUSSOF!
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taliaF!^+.#*-F!^#',-'#7+F!DjcDF!""%!BjM&P=!F. VALSECCHIF!Il pensiero illuministico e la
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CARAVALE-CARACCIOLOF!='/?2#2'/Y'"2%!*%'...F!3+7%F!"%!cCB%
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G. COZZI-M. KNAPTON-G. SCARABELLOF!=#/V.6@PP+%*#/4%/T.".$%# nell’età moderna.
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Della libertà e de’ vincoli del commercioF!e4)-:-!K+-'*#./!(/0!W/77/'#7+fF!*%!NNN6F!
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Z)..#!@)/27+-*/!:/(#2+!F. DIAZ-L. MASCILLI MIGLIORINI-C. MANGIOF!Il Granducato di
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A. ZOBIF!Storia civile della Toscana/4#+/7:W:/#+/7;B;F!5+'/*,/F!W)+$+!^-.+*+F!DPcBF!
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A. FRATOIANNI-M. VERGA! X#! 3)'#! (+YF! Pompeo NeriF/[22%/ 4.+/ *'++'\@%'/ 4%/ )2@4%/ 8(:/
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A. CONTINIF!Y.&/@"#/P%'0&#!#/4%/["0.+'/,#D#"2%, in F. CRISTELLIF![&.$$' e la Toscana.
Da Pietro Leopoldo I a Pietro Leopoldo IIJ/7:8Z(7:;<F/[22%/4.+/*'"D.0"'F/[&.$$'J/]</
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L. DAL PANEF!Uno storico dell’economia nella Toscana del Settecento: Gian Fran(
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A. PASQUINELLIF!Giulio RucellaiJ/).0&.2#&%'/4.+/&.0%'/4%&%22'/A7:WB(7::;CF/[++./'&%0%"%/
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V/'!.#!./$#!(-$#*#./!S+7#.+#*#T!(/.!DPcBF!:/(#2+!Convention relative à la formation
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de douanes entre l’Autriche, d’une parte, et Modène et Parme, de l’autre part. Rati(
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J-9#F!^/,,#*#F!DPu&
Il Codice penale toscano illustrato sulla scorta delle fonti del diritto e della
0%@&%)6&@4."$#F!V+27-+#F!G+"%!<+*-F!DPcc
X'"*'&4#2'/ 4.+/ O5XX=SSSF/ 2&#/ +#/ )#"2%2R/ 4.+/ )'>>'/ 6'"2.!*./ Y%'/ TIF e
S.A.R. il serenissimo Pietro Leopoldo IF/cFFFd/%"2'&"'/#++#/P'"%!*#$%'"./4.+(
le Chiane nei territorj di Città della Pieve e di ChiusiF!5+'/*,/F!K#/7#*-!
<#9L+#$+!Z7#9"#7-'/!K'#*()3#./F!D&PP
X'"*'&4#2'/%4&#@+%*'/4.+/O5XXXSSF/2&#/%+/0'D.&"'/6'"2%!*%'/.4/%+/0'D.&"'/
2')*#"'/%"2'&"'/#++#/P'"%!*#$%'"./4.+/Y%#"'/4.++#/`%11#/./P'$$./*-%@)%"./
nei territorj di Città della Pieve, e di ChiusiF!J-9#F![+*3/*,-!V-$$+-.+F!
1821
X'"1&'"2'/ 4.++#/ &%**-.$$#/ 4.%/ 6#.)%/ *-./ 0'4'"'/ +%P.&2R/ ".+/ *'>>.&*%'/ 1&@(
mentario con quella dei paesi vincolati prendendo per esempio la Toscana,
che in meno di trenta anni si è trovata in tre statiF!2%.%F!2%/%F!D&ju
R. P. COPPINIF!Il Granducato di Toscana/4#0+%/L#""%/1&#"*.)%M/#++HQ"%2RF!eZ7-'+#!(067#.+#fF!:-.%!N666F!7%!666F!G-'+*-F!RGHGF!Djju
O. CORSINIF! Ragionamento istorico sopra la Valdichiana in cui si descrive
l’antico, e presente suo statoF! 5+'/*,/F! Z7#9"/'+#! (+! 5'#*3/23-! ^r)3{/F!
1742
L. DAL PANEF!=#/!"#"$#/2')*#"#/4#0+%/%"%$%/4.+/).*'+'/STIII/#++#/*#4@2#/4.+/
GranducatoF!^+.#*-F!K+)88'IF!Djic
L. DAL PANEF!I/+#D'&%/6&.6#&#2'&%/6.&/+#/0&#"4./I"*-%.)2#/4.+/7:88/)@++H.*'(
nomia toscanaF!+*!AA. VV.F!Studi in onore di Gioacchino Volpe per il suo
ottantesimo compleannoF!5+'/*,/F!Z#*2-*+F!DjcPF!:-.%!6F!""%!BicMuDu
L. DAL PANEF!La questione del commercio dei grani nel Settecento in ItaliaF!
#-&!2*'()33)*42&*,-&1()*4$!)'2&4#&'2%!)*)
!"!#"$%&'("'
:-.%!6F!La ToscanaF!^+.#*-F![+7#!/!V/*2+/'-F!DjuB
R. DE CESAREF!Roma e lo Stato del papa. Dal ritorno di Pio IX al XX settem(
breF!J-9#F!5-',#*+!/!<%!G+"-$'#?M/(+7-'+F!DjC&
G. B. DEL CORTOF!Storia della Val di ChianaF!1'/,,-F!Z+*#77+F!DPjP
F. DIAZF!Il Granducato di Toscana. I MediciF!eZ7-'+#!(067#.+#fF!:-.%!N666F!7%!6F!
TorinoF!RGHGF!Dj&i
F. DIAZF!=#/L6-%+')'6-%.M/./%+/&%1'&>%)>'/+.'6'+4%"'F!+*!IDEMF!Per una storia
illuministicaF!4#"-.+F!K)+(#F!Dj&u
F. DIAZF!Toscana e Lombardia nell’età di Maria Teresa: modelli di sviluppo
del riformismo asburgico in ItaliaF! eZ7)(+! Z/77/3/*7/23>+», 6! XDjPDYF! ""%!
7-34
F. DIAZ-L. MASCILLI MIGLIORINI-C. MANGIOF!Il Granducato di Toscana. I Lo(
rena/4#++#/V.00."$#/#0+%/#""%/&%D'+@$%'"#&%F!eZ7-'+#!(067#.+#fF!:-.%!N666F!7%!
66F!G-'+*-F!RGHGF!Djj&
La dottrina del libero scambio fatta valere a nome della Toscana al Congres(
)'/%"2.&"#$%'"#+./4%/`&@)).++.)F!e1**#.+!)*+:/'2#.+!(+!27#7+27+3#F!/3-*-9+#!
")LL.+3#F! 27-'+#F! :+#$$+! /! 3-99/'3+-fF! <NNN6F! .)$.+-M#$-27-M2/77/9L'/!
DPc&F!""%!DuBMDiQ=!BiuMBPB=!<NNN66F!-77-L'/M*-:/9L'/M(+3/9L'/!DPc&F!
""%!jMDP
A. FERRINIF!5.)*&%$%'"./0.'0&#!*#/4.++#/,')*#"#F!5+'/*,/F!G+"%!#..0+*2/$*#!(+!
<.+-F!DPuP
F. FERRARAF!Le dogane moderneF!e4)-:#!1*7-.-$+#fF!666!XDPiiYF!""%!uDcMuQj=!
cCjMcQC=!&u&M&ci
B. FIANIF!5.++#/6'+%$%#/*'")%4.&#2#/*'>./>.$$'/4%/6&.D."2%D#/4%1.)#F!5+'/*,/F!
G+"%!4#,+-*#./!67#.+#*#F!DPcu
F. FONTANIF!Viaggio pittorico della ToscanaF!666!/(+,+-*/F!i!:-..%F!5+'/*,/F!K+-:#**+!^#'/*+$>F!DPBB
V. FOSSOMBRONIF!O.>'&%./%4&#@+%*'()2'&%*-./)'6&#/+#/T#+/4%/X-%#"#F!E-.-$*#F!
G+"%!^#'2+$.+F!DPBu
S. FUSCHIOTTOF![&*-%2.22@&#/4%/@"/2.&&%2'&%'F/=#/P'"%!*#/4.++#/T#+/4%/X-%#"#
4#++#/?#*&#/X'"0&.0#$%'"./4.++./[*\@./#+/X'")'&$%', v<>+)2+wF!<-*2-',+-!
"/'!.#!E-*+?3#!(/..#![#.!(+!<>+#*#!J-9#*#!/![#.!(+!V#$.+#F!BCC&
F. M. GIANNIF!Il governo della Toscana sotto il regno di S. M. il re Leopoldo IIF!
5+'/*,/F!K#/7#*-!<#9L+#$+!Z7#9"#7-'/!J/#./F!D&jC
Governo della Toscana sotto il regno di Sua Maestà il re Leopoldo IF!5+'/*,/F!
K#/7#*-!<#9L+#$+!Z7#9"#7-'/!J/#./F!D&jC
$)#
$*%
!"#$%#&'()&%$)&%)*'#'+&,&%$)&)-',..)&#/0,(#)-,&,&(,1#)
F. INGHIRAMIF!Storia della Toscana compilata ed in sette epoche distribuitaF!Di!
:-..%F!5+/2-./F!V-.+$'#?#!5+/2-.#*#F!DPQDMDPQu
C. LAMIONI!X#!3)'#!(+YF!I)2%2@$%'"%/./)'*%.2R/%"/,')*#"# nell’età moderna. Atti
delle giornate di studio dedicate a Giuseppe PansiniF!B!:-..%F!J-9#F!^+*+27/'-!"/'!+!E/*+!<).7)'#.+!/!19L+/*7#.+MR8?3+-!"/'!+!E/*+!1'3>+:+27+3+F!DjjQ!
L. LAZZERIF!Siena e il suo territorioF!Z+/*#F!J%!627+7)7-!(/+!Z-'(-M^)7+F!DPiB
L. LOMBARDIF!Aspetti delle riforme economiche di Pietro Leopoldo in Toscana
A7:8Z(7:<9CF! 7/2+! (+! .#)'/#F! R*+:/'2+7;! (+! Z+/*#F! 5#3-.7;! (+! W/77/'/F! #%#%!
1996-1997
A. MANETTIF!?@++#/)2#P%+./)%)2.>#$%'"./4.++./#*\@./4%/T#+4%*-%#"#F!5+'/*,/F!
G+"%!E/*3+*+F!DPQC
S. MATTEIF!X-./+#/4'+*.$$#/4.++./6."./)%#/0%'D.D'+./#+/!)*'/6%K/*-./+H#)6&.$$#F/
Paradosso politico e legaleF! 4#"-.+F! K+)2/""/! ^#'+#! V-'3/..+! W+L'#+-! /!
Z7#9"#7-'/!(/..#!J/#./!133#(/9+#!^+.+7#'/F!D&P&
P. MECCARIELLOF!?2'&%#/4.++#/^@#&4%#/4%/N%"#"$#F!J-9#M5+'/*,/F!^)2/-!Z7-'+3-!(/..#!K)#'(+#!(+!5+*#*,#MW/!^-**+/'F!BCCu
O.>'&%#+./#+1#P.2%*'/&#0%'"#2'/4.++#/+.0%)+#$%'"./2')*#"#/4#++#/6&%>#/.6'*#/
4.+/ Y&%"*%6#2'/ !"'/ #+/ 6&.)."2./ ).*'"4'/ +'/ )2#2'/ 4.++#/ >.4.)%>#/ #/ 2@22'/
+H#""'/7;7ZF!B!:-..%F!<-../F!H)2/L+-!V#3+*+!/!5+$.+-F!DPDi
G. MIGLIORI, 5%)).&2#$%'"./'/)%#/+.22.&#/!)%*'()2'&%*#/4.++./\@#+%2R/4.++H#&%#/
della città di ChiusiF!Z+/*#F!E-*/77+F!D&Q&
M. MIRRIF!=#/!)%'*&#$%#/%"/,')*#"#: un tema da riprendereF!+*!AA. VV.F!Stu(
di di storia medioevale e moderna per Ernesto SestanF!5+'/*,/F!d.23>{+F!
DjPCF!:-.%!66F!""%!&CuM&iC
M. MIRRIF!Y.&/@"#/&%*.&*#/)@%/&#66'&2%/1&#/L.*'"'>%)2%M/./&%1'&>#2'&%/2')*#"%F/
L’abate Niccoli a ParigiF!e1**#.+!(/..0627+7)7-!K+#*$+#3-9-!5/.7'+*/..+fF!66!
XDjcjYF!""%!ccMDBC
M. MIRRIF!5#++#/)2'&%#/4.%/L+@>%M/./4.++./L&%1'&>.M/#++#/)2'&%#/4.0+%/L#"2%*-%/
stati italiani»F!+*!A. FRATOIANNI-M. VERGA!X#!3)'#!(+YF!Pompeo Neri. Atti
4.+/*'++'\@%'/4%/)2@4%/8(:/>#00%'/7<;;F!<#27/.?-'/*7+*-F!Z-3+/7;!Z7-'+3#!
(/..#![#.(/.2#F!DjjBF!""%!QCDMcQC
K. J. A. MITTERMAIERF!5.++./*'"4%$%'"%/4.++HI2#+%#F!^+.#*--ViennaF!G/*(./'!/!
Z3>•8/'F!DPQc
]%!MONTINIF!Il contrabbando e gli altri reati doganali. Lineamenti di diritto
4'0#"#+.(6."#+.F!J-9#F!G+"%!5+#99/!K+#../F!Djuc
A. MORENAF!Le riforme e le dottrine economiche in ToscanaF!eJ#22/$*#!4#,+-#-&!2*'()33)*42&*,-&1()*4$!)'2&4#&'2%!)*)
!"!#"$%&'("'
nalefF! DigBgDPPi=! DigugDPPi=! DigQgDPPi=! DigcgDPPi=! Dg&gDPPi=! DgPgDPPi=!
DgjgDPPi=! DgDDgDPPi=! DgDBgDPPi=! DigDBgDPPi=! DigBgDPP&=! DgugDPP&=!
DigugDPP&=!DigQgDPP&=!DgcgDPP&=!DgigDPP&=!Dg&gDPP&
R. MORIF!=./&%1'&>./+.'6'+4%"./".+/6.")%.&'/4.0+%/.*'"'>%)2%/2')*#"%/4.+/H:99F!
5+'/*,/F!W/!^-**+/'F!DjcD
A. MOROF!=#/P'"%!*#/4.++#/T#+/4%/X-%#"# nel quadro della politica economica
del XVIII secoloF! eW#! L-*+?3#! /! .0#22/77-! 7/''+7-'+#./fF! NNN! XDj&iYF! ""%!
uMDCC
G. MORONIF!5%$%'"#&%'/4%/.&@4%$%'"./)2'&%*'(.**+.)%#)2%*#/4#/)F/Y%.2&' sino ai
nostri giorniF!:-.%!N666F![/*/,+#F!G+"%!H9+.+#*#F!DPQB
L. NEUMANNF!Recueil des traités et conventions conclus par l’Autriche avec
+.)/6@%))#"*.)/_)2&#"0m&.)J/4.6@%)/7:8W/b@)\HR/"')/b'@&)F!:-.%![F!W/+",+$F!
5%!1%!E'-3{>#)2F!DPcj
P. NOTARIO-N. NADAF!Il Piemonte sabaudo. Dal periodo napoleonico al Risor(
gimentoF!eZ7-'+#!(067#.+#fF!:-.%![666F!7%!66F!G-'+*-F!RGHGF!Djju!
G. OLIVAF!Il contrabbando. Aspetti del fenomeno e misure di contrastoF!J-9#F!
K)+(-!V#27/*#!H(+7-'/F!Dj&&
B. PAOLI! X#! 3)'#! (+YF! Raccolta di conclusioni criminali di Francesco FortiF!
5+'/*,/F!H)$/*+-!/!5%!<#99/..+F!DPiQ
A. PASTORE!X#!3)'#!(+YF!X'"!"%/./1&'"2%.&./%"/.2R/>'4.&"#F/Q"/*'"1&'"2'/1&#/
disciplineF!^+.#*-F!5'#*3-!1*$/.+F!BCC&
C. I. PETITTIF!5.++./#))'*%#$%'"%/4'0#"#+%/1&#/%/D#&%/)2#2%F!e<-*7+*)#,+-*/!(/$.+! 177+! (/..06%! /! J%! 133#(/9+#! H3-*-9+3-M#$'#'+#! (/+! K/-'$-?.+fF! NN!
XDPQBYF!""%!DuDMDic
F. PETRUCCIF!I/*'"!"%/).".)%/%"/T#+/4%/X-%#"#. Il passo di ChiusiF!eE)../77+*-!
Z/*/2/!(+!Z7-'+#!V#7'+#fF!6!XDPjQYF!""%!BPQMuCP
Piano di un’unione doganale italianaF! e1**#.+! )*+:/'2#.+! (+! 27#7+27+3#F! /3-*-9+#!")LL.+3#F!27-'+#F!:+#$$+!/!3-99/'3+-fF!WNN6!XDPQBYF!""%!BDjMBBB
B. POLIF!?#00%/4%/)*%."$#/6'+%2%*'()'*%#+.F!^+.#*-F!V/'/..+!/!^#'+#*+!H(+7-'+F!
1841
G. QUAZZAF! Sulla origine della proposta di Pio IX per la lega doganale
7;B8(7;B:/AX'"2&%P@2%/%".4%2%CF!eJ#22/$*#!Z7-'+3#!(/.!J+2-'$+9/*7-fF!NW!
XDjcuYF!""%!uc&Mu&C
V#**'+2#/ 4.++./ +.00%/ 2')*#"./ 4.++./ \@#+%/ 1@/ '&4%"#2#/ +#/ 6@PP+%*#$%'"./ ".++#/
città e territorio di Lucca/*'+/VF/5.*&.2'/4.+/]8/1.PP&#b'/7;B;F!5+'/*,/F!
Z7#9"/'+#!K'#*()3#./F!DPQP
$*$
$*&
!"#$%#&'()&%$)&%)*'#'+&,&%$)&)-',..)&#/0,(#)-,&,&(,1#)
V#66'&2'/ %"D%#2'/ #+/ X'"0&.))'/ %"2.&"#$%'"#+./ 4%/ `&@a.++.) per le riforme
doganali dalla Commissione Accademica a ciò nominata, e presentato
#++H[**#4.>%#/".++H#4@"#"$#/4.+/7B/).22.>P&./7;Z8F!e<-*7+*)#,+-*/!(/$.+!
177+!(/..#!J%!133#(/9+#!H3-*-9+3-M#$'#'+#!(/+!K/-'$-?.+!(+!5+'/*,/fF!*%!
2%!6[!XDPc&YF!""%!j&MDiQ
M. RASTRELLIF! Memorie per servire alla vita di Leopoldo II imperatore dei
Romani, già gran duca di ToscanaF!v5+'/*,/wF!2%/%F!D&jB
G. RECCHIF!Cenni sul progetto di una lega doganale italianaF!^+.#*-F!Z-3+/7;!
(/$.+!H(+7-'+!(/$.+!1**#.+!R*+:/'2#.+!(/../!Z3+/*,/!/!(/..06*()27'+#F!DPQu
Recueil manuel et pratique de traités, conventions et autres actes diplomati(
quesF!:-.%![6F!W/+",+$F!5%!1%!E'-3{>#)2F!DPci
V.0'+#>."2'/0.".&#+./4%/).&D%$%'/6.&/%+/X'&6'/4.++#/VF/^@#&4%#/4%/N%"#"$#/
#66&'D#2'/*'"/D.".&#2%))%>#/&%)'+@$%'"./4.+/7:F/#6&%+./7;B7F!2%.%F!2%/%F!2%(%!
V.0'+#>."2'/'&0#"%*'/6.&/+#/VF/^@#&4%#/4%/N%"#"$#/#66&'D#2'/*'"/D.".&#2%)(
)%>#/)'D&#"#/&%)'+@$%'"./4.+/7;F/4%*.>P&./7;B9F!2%.%F!2%/%F!2%(%
Repertorio del diritto patrio toscano vigenteF!:-.%!666, 5+'/*,/F!1)'/.+#*-!K+)lianiF!DPui
Repertorio del diritto patrio toscano vigenteF! :-.%! N6F! 5+'/*,/F! Z7#9"/'+#!
K'#*()3#./F!DPQc
Repertorio del diritto patrio toscano vigenteF!:-.%!NN66F!5+'/*,/F!Z7#9"/'+#!
K-:/'*#7+:#F!DPcj
E. REPETTIF!5%$%'"#&%'/0.'0&#!*'/!)%*'/)2'&%*'/4.++#/,')*#"# contenente la
4.)*&%$%'"./4%/2@22%/%/+@'0-%/4.+/^&#"4@*#2', Ducato di Lucca, Garfagnana
e LunigianaF!i!:-..%F!5+'/*,/F!G+"%!G-8#*+-G+"%!1../$'+*+MG+"%!^#,,-*+-G+"%!
K+-:#**+!^#,,-*+F!DPuuMDPQu
E. REPETTIF!5%$%'"#&%'/*'&'0&#!*'/4.++#/,')*#"#F!^+.#*-F!Z7#L+.+9/*7-!(+!<+:/..+!K+)2/""/!/!<%F!DPcc
M. ROSIF!5%$%'"#&%'/4.+/V%)'&0%>."2'/U#$%'"#+.F/5#++./'&%0%"%/#/V'># capi(
tale. Fatti e personeF!^+.#*-F!5'#*3/23-![#..#'(+F!DjuD
A. SALVESTRINI!X#!3)'#!(+YF!Pietro LeopoldoF/V.+#$%'"%/)@+/0'D.&"'/4.++#/,'(
scanaF!5+'/*,/F!d.23>{+F!Djij
J. SATTAF!Il dinamismo del contrabbandoF!u!:-..%F!J-9#F!Z7)(+-!(+!W/$+2.#,+-*/!Z-3+#./F!DjBQ
G. B. SAYF!Corso completo d’economia politica praticaF!eE+L.+-7/3#!(/..0H3-*-9+27#fF!:-.%![66F!G-'+*-F!W0R*+-*/!G+"-$'#?3#!H(+7'+3/F!DPcc
L. SERRISTORIF!Saggio statistico dell’ItaliaF![+/**#F!G+"%!^/3>+7#'+27+3#F!DPuu
#-&!2*'()33)*42&*,-&1()*4$!)'2&4#&'2%!)*)
!"!#"$%&'("'
Tariffa delle gabelle toscaneF!5+'/*,/F!K#/7#*-!<#9L+#$+!Z7#9"#7-'/!K'#*ducaleF!D&PD
Tariffa delle gabelle toscaneF!5+'/*,/F!K#/7#*-!<#9L+#$+!Z7#9"#7-'/!K'#*ducaleF!D&jD
,#&%11#/4.++./0#P.++./2')*#"./(/,#&%11#/4.++./0#P.++./2')*#"./&#00@#0+%#2#/#+/
peso, misura, e moneta lucchesiF!5+'/*,/F!Z7#9"/'+#!K'#*()3#./F!DPQ&
F. VALSECCHIF!L’Italia/".+/?.22.*."2'/4#+/7:7B/#+/7:;;F!eZ7-'+#!(067#.+#fF!:-.%!
[6F!^+.#*-F!^-*(#(-'+F!Dj&c
F. VALSECCHIF!=./&%1'&>./4.++H#))'+@2%)>'/%++@>%"#2'/".0+%/)2#2%/%2#+%#"%/A7:B;(
7:;<CF!^+.#*-F!W#!K-.+#'(+3#F!Djcc
P. VALUSSIF! 5.++#/ *'"1.4.&#$%'"./ %2#+%#"#F! eJ+:+27#! <-*7/9"-'#*/#fF! [66!
XDPcjYF!:-.%!N[666F!""%!B&QMuDu
F. VENTURIF!Settecento riformatoreF!:-.%!6F!Da Muratori a BeccariaF!G-'+*-F!
H+*#)(+F!Djij
A. WANDRUSZKAF! Leopoldo IIJ/ 3&-.&$'0/ D'"/ G)2.&&.%*-J/ ^&'))-.&$'0/ D'"/
Toskanas, Konig von Ungarn und Böhmen, Römischer KaiserF!o+/*F![/'.#$!m/'-.(F!Djiu
A. WANDRUSZKAF! Pietro Leopoldo granduca di ToscanaF! 5+'/*,/F![#../33>+F!
1968
A. ZOBIF! Manuale storico degli ordinamenti economici vigenti in ToscanaF!
5+'/*,/F!G+"%!(+!G%!E#'#33>+!/!5+$.+-F!DPcP
A. ZOBIF!?'>>#&%'/4%/4'*@>."2%/@1!*%#+%/#/4%>')2&#$%'"./4.++./>.>'&%./.*'(
"'>%*'(6'+%2%*-./ '/ )%#/ 4.H/ 4#""%/ #&&.*#2%/ 4#++H[@)2&%# alla Toscana dal
7:W:/#+/7;Z<F!5+'/*,/F!K'#,,+*+F!K+#**+*+!/!<%F!DPiC
A. ZOBIF!Storia civile della Toscana/4#+/7:W:/#+/7;B;F!c!:-..%F!5+'/*,/F!W)+$+!
^-.+*+F!DPcCMDPcB
A. ZUCCAGNI ORLANDINIF!X'&'0&#!#/!)%*#J/)2'&%*#/./)2#2%)2%*#/4.++HI2#+%# e del(
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