Planning STA for the tourist traffic

Planning the Tourism Bus Management
for the Year 2000 Jubilee in Rome
by Maurizio Tomassini,
Director Systems and Innovations, S.T.A., S.p.A.
Tourist Flows in Rome
(Based on Arrivals in Hotels)
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
Tourists
2000000
1000000
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
Source: Roma in Cifre (1996), Maggioli Editore, 198-199.
1990
Average Length of Visit in Rome
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
Days
1,5
1
0,5
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
Source: Roma in Cifre (1996), Maggioli Editore, 198-199.
1990
Productive Value of Tourism
• Tourists in Italy are responsible for an
average of 4.2% of the PIL/GNP
– Rome’s contribution to the PIL is double that of its
population (constitutes 10.5% of the Italian PIL,
represents 5% of Italian Population)
– Rome’s tourism industry is larger than the national
average
– Jubilee is expected to bring more than three times as
many visitors
– Pilgrims constitute the majority of the visitors and tend
to spend less money than tourists
Source: Annuario Statistico Italiano 1997, 168-313.
Mobility in Rome
• Rome has a total of 2,318,000 registered vehicles,
of which
» 1,900,000 are cars
» 8.000 are buses
• A total of 1.5 residents per car
• A total of 1 parking space for every 6 cars
• 6 million trips per day all modes (57% private
vehicles)
Source: Roma in Cifre (1996), Maggioli Editore, 303-309.
Four Zone Model
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Four Zone Model: Strategies
• First Zone: Historical Centre
–
–
–
–
Function: Protection of Heritage (artistic and environmental)
Borders: Zona a Traffico Limitato
Strategy: Limitation of Access
Instrument: Automatic Access Control System (prototype
completed; full installation of over 45 gates by year 2000)
• Second Zone: First Ring
–
–
–
–
Function: Filter Demand
Boundaries: Railroad Ring
Strategy: Limitation of Private Vehicle Trips
Instrument: Pay Parking
Jubilee Forecasts: People
• In 1997, 7 million pilgrims tourists visited
Rome
• For the Jubilee, 24 million pilgrims and
tourists are expected of which
– 9,250,000 will stay in hotels
• of which 57% a re foreign and 43% are Italian
– 4,000,000 will stay in private homes
• of which 37% are foreign and 63% are Italian
– 5,090,000 will only stay for the day
• of which 16% are foreign and 84% are Italian
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Jubilee Forecasts: Urban Modes
• Forecasts regarding the transportation mode
used within the urban area are as follows (based
on a survey of Italian visitors)
– Private vehicle: 12%
– Taxi: 11%
– Public Transportation: 62%
– Walking: 15%
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Jubilee Forecasts: Tourist Buses
• 1,400 tourist buses forecasted for normal days
• 1,900 tourist buses expected a day for special
events
• Over 3,000 tourist buses a day expected for the
“very special” events
• 26,000 tourist buses are expect for the World
Youth Day that year (arriving and leaving over a
period of a few days)
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Management Model: Development
BASIC STEPS
• Estimate the capacity of the system
• Establish the threshold numbers of visitors
• Identify trade-offs
• Limit access (within two zones)
• Facilitate advanced booking
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Management Model: System Functions
GRA
Rome’s Ring Road
Key:
ZTL Area Bus 1
ZTL Area Bus 2
Checkpoint
Park and Ride Areas
Nearby Parking Areas
Pick-up and
Drop-Off Areas
Authorised Routes
Rail Lines
Pedestrian and
Shuttle Bus Trips
Management Model: Regulations
• Access and circulation of tourist buses
prohibited
– 24 hours a day for the area inside the Aurelian
walls (slightly bigger than the access control centre for cars)
– 14 hours a day (7:00am to 9:00pm) for the area
between the GRA (ring road) to the Aurelian
Walls
• Entrance permitted only for a limited number of
tourist buses, taking part in the reservation system,
which must travel directly to the officially appointed
parking or standing areas
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Management Model: Regulations (Con’t)
• Access and circulation of tourist buses
prohibited (Con’t)
• Authorised buses (those having obtained permits)
may accompany groups within the restricted areas
only during the arrival and departures stages
• Exceptions only made for exceptional, urgent cases,
determined by the relevant authorities
• Absolute prohibition of tourist bus to
•
•
park outside of the reserved parking areas
circulate outside of the authorised routes
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Management Model:
System Architecture
Check Point
Check Point
Check Point
Central Management System
Manages:
•Availability in Centre (real time)
•Advanced Reservation System
Produces:
•List of Reserved Buses
•Remaining Availability
Check Point
Check Point
Check Point Functions:
Bus Has Advance Reservation:
•Pay for service, pick-up tags and ITS,
enter restricted zone
Bus Has No Reservation (Three Options):
•Available: Get permit, pay, and pick-up tags and
ITS, enter restricted zone
•Not Available: Go to external park and ride
•Does not want to pay: Go to external park and ride
Management Model:
Supporting ITS Mechanisms
• Gate system for ZTL and parking structures
• Central Management Centre, which co-ordinates data
from check points, reservation system and gates
• Interface which co-ordinates the remote reservation
system (via internet, GSM, etc.)
etc
• Dissemination of information (internet, televideo, etc.)
etc
• Tag system for buses (GPS/TLC)
GPS/TLC
Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus
Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998)
Management Model: After Year 2000
• Need to understand the relationship between
– control measures,
– quantity of tourism,
– income due to tourism, and
– net value of tourism (considering internal and
external costs)
Management Model: After Year 2000
• Using this information, need to define
more flexible system which:
– ensures a maximum net value for the city
– identifies appropriate control measure that
protect area without restricting tourism more
than necessary
Hypothetical Relationship
Between Tourists and Income
X
2X 3X
4X
5X
6X
Tourists
Net Value
Income
External Costs
Hypothetical Relationship Between
Control Measures and Income
Rigid 2
Rigid 1
Medium 2
Net Value
Income
External Costs
Medium 1
Flexible 3
Flexible 2
Flexible 1
Optimal Net Value
Strength of Control Measures