Energy Efficiency in Transport sector
Transcript
Energy Efficiency in Transport sector
eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 2013-2014 Master in Petroleum Engineering and Operations Energy and Operational Efficiency Author: Eugenio Pascuzzi San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Master in Petr.Engineering & Operations 2013-2014 Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Author Company Tutors Eugenio Pascuzzi Nicolò Aggogeri (LOGIS/SLOI) Antonino Corrao (LOGIS/SLOI/SELT) Division Dept. eni S.p.A. Upstream & Technical Services University Tutor Prof. Francesca Verga LOGIS eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 2 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy Efficiency in Transport sector Logistic support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 3 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Oil&Gas Business Offshore Operations Cost Energy Efficiency in Transportation activites Onshore operations Environment eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 4 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy Efficiency in Transportation Logistic support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 5 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy: Issue, Context and way to act Forecast Hystorical data 85,8% by conventional sources 80,9% by conventional sources Country Energy needs (2013) [%] Energy needs (2035) [%] Difference OECD* Countries 44% 33,5% -10,5% China 20% 25% +5% India 8% 8% 0% Other Countries 28% 33,5% +5,5% 2013 Hystorical data * Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Forecast Other ME** India China US Other OECD 2013 Country Liquid fuel consumption (2013) [%] Liquid fuel consumption (2035) [%] Difference OECD* Countries 46,7% 36,4% -10,3% China 13% 14,9% 1,9% India 5,5% 7,5% 2% Other Countries 34,8% 41,2% 6,4% ** Middle East eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 6 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy: Issue, Context and way to act Forecast Hystorical data Desired Scenario Surplus 2013 Country CO2 emissions (2013) [%] CO2 emissions (2035) [%] Difference OECD Countries 40% 28% -12% Non-OECD Countries 60% 72% +12% eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 7 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy: Issue, Context and way to act Sustainable Development: “Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, “Our common future”, 1987) Improve the Energy Efficiency eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 8 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy: Issue, Context and way to act Standards and legislation Energy saving/waste reduction Preserve environment Reduce costs From standards and legislations to sustainable development Sustainable development eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 9 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy Efficiency in Transport sector Logistic support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 10 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy Efficiency in Transport sector CO2 produced by sector 31 Billion tonnes of CO2 globally produced during year 2013 18% 35% 5% Transportation 15% (8,4 billion tonnes of CO2 produced) 1% 27% of total 3% 2% 21% *2013 data Manifacturing & Construction Other energy industries Other Road International aviation International shipping Domestic shipping & fishing Electricity and heat production eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 11 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy Efficiency in Transport sector Kyoto Protocol (1997) Sector LAND Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) European Standards • • Regulation 715/2007 (Cars and Light trucks) Regulation 595/2009 (Heavy duty truck and bus engines) • • International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL, Annex VI) Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) • Directive 2008/101/EC MARINE AVIATION • • • • • • eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 12 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy Efficiency in Transport sector Develop new technologies Improve operation organization Improve Transportation Efficiency Disseminate Energy Efficiency culture eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 13 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy Efficiency in Transport sector Logistics support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 14 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Logistics support to Oil & Gas activities Midstream Downstream Upstream OIL Oil Cargo Development GTL Plant Refining Plant Production Oil pipe Discovery & Appraisal Midstream Exploration Marketing CH4 Transp. Boat Gas & Power Drilling Turbogas LNG Liquif. Plant LNG Re-gas Plant GAS Development Production Gas Pipe Local Gas Market eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 15 Logistics support to Oil & Gas activities Offshore support operations: • Towing • Anchor handling • Material Transportation • Standby • Personnel turnover • Security Services • Medical evacuation • Search and Rescue eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 16 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy Efficiency in Transport sector Logistic support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 17 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Integrated logistic study INTEGRATED LOGISTIC STUDY: 1.Logistic as is 2.Material and workforce demand 3.Transportation study 4.Logistic to be eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 18 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Integrated logistic study Material and workforce demand 1) Drilling schedule Year Month Y1 Y2 Yn J F MA J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D Rig 1 Rig 2 Rig 3 Rig m eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 19 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 MM 2 / YY 1 MM 3 / YY 1 MM 4 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 1 MM 6 / YY 1 MM 7 / YY 1 MM 9 / YY 1 MM 10 / YY 1 Tubing MM 12 / YY 1 Riser MM 3 / YY 2 MM 1 / YY 2 MM 2 / YY 2 Month/Year Fresh Water MM 4 / YY 2 MM 5 / YY 2 MM 6 / YY 2 MM 7 / YY 2 MM 8 / YY 2 MM 9 / YY 2 MM 10 / YY 2 Cement MM 11 / YY 2 MM 12 / YY 2 MM 1 / YY n Additives eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 20 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 MM 11 / YY 1 MM 2 / YY n MM 3 / YY n MM 4 / YY n MM 5 / YY n MM 6 / YY n MM 7 / YY n MM 8 / YY n MM 9 / YY n MM 10 / YY n MM 11 / YY n MM 12 / YY n Integrated logistic study Wellhead MM 8 / YY 1 Material and workforce demand MM 1 / YY 1 2) Material transportation schedule Tons MM 2 / YY 1 MM 3 / YY 1 MM 4 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 1 MM 6 / YY 1 MM 7 / YY 1 MM 8 / YY 1 MM 10 / YY 1 MM 12 / YY 1 MM 1 / YY 2 MM 2 / YY 2 MM 3 / YY 2 MM 4 / YY 2 on base Month/Year POB eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 21 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 MM 11 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 2 MM 6 / YY 2 MM 7 / YY 2 MM 8 / YY 2 MM 9 / YY 2 MM 10 / YY 2 MM 11 / YY 2 MM 12 / YY 2 MM 1 / YY n MM 2 / YY n MM 3 / YY n MM 4 / YY n MM 5 / YY n MM 6 / YY n MM 7 / YY n MM 8 / YY n MM 9 / YY n MM 10 / YY n MM 11 / YY n MM 12 / YY n Integrated logistic study MM 9 / YY 1 Material and workforce demand MM 1 / YY 1 3) Personnel turnover N° of people MM 2 / YY 1 MM 3 / YY 1 MM 4 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 1 MM 6 / YY 1 MM 7 / YY 1 MM 8 / YY 1 MM 10 / YY 1 MM 12 / YY 1 MM 1 / YY 2 MM 2 / YY 2 MM 3 / YY 2 MM 4 / YY 2 PSV Month/Year AHTS eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 22 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 MM 11 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 2 MM 6 / YY 2 MM 7 / YY 2 MM 8 / YY 2 MM 9 / YY 2 MM 10 / YY 2 MM 11 / YY 2 MM 12 / YY 2 MM 1 / YY n MM 2 / YY n MM 3 / YY n MM 4 / YY n MM 5 / YY n MM 6 / YY n MM 7 / YY n MM 8 / YY n MM 9 / YY n MM 10 / YY n MM 11 / YY n MM 12 / YY n Integrated logistic study MM 9 / YY 1 Transportation study MM 1 / YY 1 • Vessels required N° of vessels MM 2 / YY 1 MM 3 / YY 1 MM 4 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 1 MM 6 / YY 1 MM 7 / YY 1 MM 8 / YY 1 MM 9 / YY 1 MM 11 / YY 1 MM 1 / YY 2 MM 2 / YY 2 MM 3 / YY 2 MM 4 / YY 2 MEDEVAC Month/Year Operative eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 23 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 MM 12 / YY 1 MM 5 / YY 2 MM 6 / YY 2 MM 7 / YY 2 MM 8 / YY 2 MM 9 / YY 2 MM 10 / YY 2 MM 11 / YY 2 MM 12 / YY 2 MM 1 / YY n MM 2 / YY n MM 3 / YY n MM 4 / YY n MM 5 / YY n MM 6 / YY n MM 7 / YY n MM 8 / YY n MM 9 / YY n MM 10 / YY n MM 11 / YY n MM 12 / YY n Integrated logistic study MM 10 / YY 1 Transportation study MM 1 / YY 1 • Helicopters required N° of helicopters Integrated logistic study Pipeyard Port Logistic base Aircraft facilities Warehouses Drilling unit eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 24 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Integrated logistic study How Integrated logistic study can be used? IMPROVING MARGINS EVALUATION • • IMPROVE OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION • Reduce number of means • Improve available resources utilization IMPROVE TECHNOLOGY COSTS EVALUATION • • AVIATION • Daily rate • Flown hour cost MARINE • Monthly cost • Fuel eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 25 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Energy philosophy within ENI Eni’s attention to transportation energy efficiency: • • • LAND TRANSPORTATION • Age/mileage • Maintenance • Quantity of emission • Driver performance MARINE TRANSPORTATION • Vessels age • Fuel consumption reduction Safety conditions and Service Level must be always guaranteed AIR TRANSPORTATION • New generation aircrafts eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 26 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy efficiency in transport sector Logistics support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 27 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Innovative solutions for transport efficiency improvement Air transportation Sea transportation Land transportation Aircrafts Vessels Cars, Buses; Trucks Innovative devices/ systems Innovative fuels eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 28 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Marine innovative technologies Group Technology Tech. maturity Consumption benefit Hull-water interaction Air cavity system Development phase 7-15% Waste heat recovery system Development phase 8-14% Engine auto tuning Development phase 0,5-2% Propulsion improvement devices Mature 3-8% Thrusters Mature 3-6% Informatic integrated system Development phase 1-10% Engine Propulsion systems Trip management system eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 29 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Waste heat recovery system (PTG) Air cavity system Pre-swirl stator Hub-fins eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 30 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Aviation innovative technologies Group Aircraft configuration Concept Technology Fuel reduction benefits Technological availability Truss-Braced wing/Strut-braced wing - 10 to 15% 2028 Hybrid wing body - 10 to 25% 2026 Advanced wingtip devices Split winglets with scimitar tips 2 to 6% 2022 Aerodynamic Spiroid wingtip Natural laminar flow Hybrid laminar flow - 2 to 6% 2022 5 to 10% 2022 10 to 15% 2022 Structural Morphing wing - 2 to 8% 2024 Cabin Windowless design - 5 to 7% 2026 Geared turbofan - 10 to 15% 2016 Advanced turbofan - 10 to 15% 2016 Counter rotating fan Open rotor - 15 to 20% 15 to 20% 2023 2019 New engine core concepts Adaptive cycles Pulse detonation - 20 to 30% 5 to 15% 5 to 15% 2026 2030 2030 Adaptive/Active flow control - 10 to 20% 2026 New engine architecture Engine cycles Other eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 31 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Geared turbofan Counter rotating rotor Hybrid wing body Open rotor Morphing wing eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 32 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Marine alternative fuels • • • • • Liquified Natural Gas Biofuels Batteries Fuel cells Renewable energy (wind or solar) Aviation alternative fuels • Liquified fuels • Gaseous fuels • Batteries eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 33 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Liquified Natural Gas Characteristics: - CH4 is the main component - Liquified at -160 °C occupies 1/640th of original volume - In liquid form is odorless and colourless Advantages: Disadvantages: • Reduced SOx content • Complex storage system • Reduced carbon content • Reduced availability of bunkering • Reduced noise emission facilities • Reduced costs eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 34 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Operating and projected LNG vessels around the World (Island Crusader - PSV) (BitViking -tanker & Høydal – fish food carrier) (Viking Grace –cruise ferry) (Passengers/Cars Ferry) ● ● (2 containers) ● (Passengers/Cars Ferry) ● - projected LNG vessels utilization – LNG vessels already operating (Passengers/Cars Ferry) eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 35 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Renewable application (wind energy) – E-Ship 1 Flettner rotor Tonnage: 10,500 DWT Length: 130 m (426 ft) Beam: 22.5 m (73 ft) Installed power: Two diesel engines (2 × 3.5 MW) Propulsion: Four Flettner rotors; Two propellers Speed: Max 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph) Saves up to 25% of fuel compared to same-sized conventional freight vessels E-Ship 1 operates in North Baltic Sea, North and South Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean sea carrying ENERCON wind turbine components eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 36 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Innovative Technologies Hydrogen application - MHybus Hydro-Methane propelled bus: • Fuel consumption reduced of 15% • CO2 emission reduction of 13% Used since 2009 in Ravenna (Italy), during 45000 km travelled it saved 6 tons of CO2 eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 37 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 List of Content Energy Efficiency Energy and operational Efficiency Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation activities Energy: issue, context and way to act Energy efficiency in Transport sector Logistic support to Oil & Gas activities Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects within ENI Innovative technologies Conclusions eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 38 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Conclusions Energy efficiency is a critical issue • Improve implementation of efficiency aspects in Companies standards • Focus logistic efforts in order to identify best organizational way to operate • Promote development of new technologies eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 39 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014 Acknowledgements I would thank Eni S.p.A upstream & technical services for permission to present this work and related results and LOGIS colleagues for the technical support and needed assistance. eni s.p.a. upstream & technical services 40 San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014