docsefer-Toris SebrZaneba qoTelis salocavSi sefer
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sefer-Toris SebrZaneba qoTelis salocavSi sefer
mo a m be saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis yovelTviuri gazeTi marti, 2010 #1 ניסן תש”ע www.georgianjews.org didi movlena sefer-Toris SebrZaneba qoTelis salocavSi 2 moambe saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis – gabriel mirilaSvilis misalmeba drouli da misasalmebelia semk-is xelmZRvanelobis iniciativa - kerZod, yovelTviur gazeT “moambis“ saredaqcio kolegiis gafarToeba – aRniSnuli organos moculobis gazrdisa da Sinaarsobrivi gadaxalisebis mizniT. gazeTis SemoqmedebiTma koleqtivma miznad unda daisaxos saqarTvelos ebraelTa cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebis realuri asaxva. imdenad, ramdenadac Cveni Temis warmomadgenlebi dasaxlebulni arian ara marto israelSi da saqarTveloSi, aramed ruseTSic, evropis qveynebSic da aSS-Sic, semk-is xelmZRvanelobam miiRo gadawyvetileba qarTulenovan gazeT “moambe”-s samomavlod daerTos Semoklebuli varianti ebraul enaze, aseve mokle anotaciebi rusul da inglisur enebze. kongresis mesveurTa mizania, Cveni Temis cxovrebiseuli movlenebi gasagebi gaxdes ara marto ufrosi TaobisaTvis, aramed maTi Svilebisa da SviliSvilebisTvisac. mivesalmebi gazeTis ganaxlebuli formatiT gamosvlis iniciativas da vimedovneb, rom mis safuZvlad darCeba ebrauli sulisa da mdidari memkvidreobis mqone mravalsaukunovani tradiciebis popularizacia. amasTan erTad, igi gaxdeba zogadsaganmanaTleblo cnobaric – kulturis, mecniereb- gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! isa da medicinis siaxleebis, msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovreb ebraelobasTan kavSiris mqone da am samyaroSi mimdinare procesebis mematiane. axali, 21 - e saukune Zalze dinamiuria, cxovreba Cvens irgvliv swrafad icvleba, movlenebi Cqari tempiT viTardeba; sazogadoeba ki kongress uyenebs axal-axal sakiTxebs, rac droul reagirebas moiTxovs. “moambis “ saSualebiT Cven unda SevZloT aRniS– nuli sakiTxebis operatiuli gaSuqeba, raTa movizidoT da Cvens irgvliv SemovikriboT sazogadoebis farTo fenebi. swored es aris Cveni mizani – qarTul-ebrauli Temis gaerTianebasa da ganviTarebaze zrunva. vimedovneb, rom gazeTis gafarToebuli SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivic am principebiT ixelmZRvanelebs. gisurvebT warmatebebs. aqve, vsargeblob SemTxveviT da msurs momavali fesaxis dResaswauli mivuloco Cvens Tems – israelSi da msoflios yvela kuTxeSi, vusurvo sixaruli, gamarjveba Sin da gareT, winsvla da ayvaveba. dae, wlevandel fesaxs sanatreli mSvidoba moetanos ebraeli xaxlisaTvis! xag fesax qaSer vesameax! 3 semk Rirseuli kaci sikvdilis Semdegac cocxali rCeba *** adamians rom sikvdilis Semdeg meore sicocxle xvdes wilad am qveyanaze, iSviaTobaa!.. misi danatovarni, nacnob-megobrebi da axloblebi TiTqos sabolood darwmundnen, rom uZvirfasesi kaci dakarges – gansxvavebuli da gansakuTrebuli, Zvirfasi da axlobeli did-patarisa, gamkiTxavi da Sembrale axlobel-Soreulisa; kaci maRali, kaci mdabali, didi saqmeebis mkeTebeli da mavan-mavanis sadardeblis erTi SexedviT amomcnobi, talkvesi gaWirvebisa... ai, im sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis is arasruli sia, romelic ganu–wyvetliv ismoda oTx aprils miSiko mirilaSvilis ojaxSi – gardacvalebis TerTmet TvisTavze. uamravi xalxi mosuliyo am Tavmdabali, xalasi iumoris mqone da bavSviviT gulubryvilo kacis wmida xsovnis pativsacemad, misi axloblebis mosakiTxad, maTdami kidev erTxel didi TanagrZnobis gmosaxatad. mWermetyveli rabinebi, israelis parlamentis wevrebi, saqarTvlos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis xelmZRvaneloba, TanamSromlebi da qvelmoqmedni; Temis saxelovani adamianebi, ojaxis wevrebi, axloblebi, megobrebi, uamravi stumari israelis yoveli kuTxidan, sazRvargareTidan... ai, misi saflavic, lodis axal sasaflaoze, qarTvel ebraelTa didi rabis – xaxam rafael davaraSvilis gverdiT. “sicocxleSi maT udidesi sulieri megobroba akavSirebdaT da ai, sikvdilis Semdegac ar daaSora isini gamCenma... erTmaneTis gverdiT orives erTnairi saflavi arguna – es SemTxveviTi ar aris! marcxniv didi rabini ganisvenebs da marjvniv – didi cadiki, gana amas ukvdaveba ara hqvia?! “– grZnobamoZalebuli laparakobs miSiko mirilaSvilis saflavTan mlocveli jamaaTisa da ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi mdgari, israelis parlamentis wevri – abram mixaeli. minxis locva. saamayo mamis, miSiko mirilaSvilis, ori saxelovani vaJiSvili – mixaeli da gabrieli amboben kadiSs... SavebSi mosil Zvirfas meuRles misas – dodos ki Tavi Cauqindravs da cremlad iRvreba... mis gverdiT mjdomi qaliSvili – irina mxarze xels usvams sayvarel dedas, efereba, amSvidebs... mamakacebi salocavad Sedian, saflavis Semogarens ki amjerad miSiko mirilaSvilis sayvareli ojaxis wevri qalebi avseben: meuRle, da, qaliSvili, rZlebi, SviliSvilebi... tirilisa da godebis miRma gamokveTilad moismoda mtkivneuli monatrebis amo–Zaxili yuradRebiani, tkbili da moalerse meuRlis, mamis, mamam–Tilis, babuisa... Soriaxlos mdgari, mirilaSvilebis erT-erTi yofili mezobeli qali kulaSidan cremliani xmiT igonebs: “miSikos mama rom gardaicvala da ojaxi daoblda, man Tavis Tavze aiRo pasuxismgebloba – sruliad axalgazrda, gamoucdeli biWi Sevida mamis warmoebaSi da daiWira misi adgili. sul cota xanSi gadaaxalisa, gaasufTava da mwyobrSi Caayena yvela obieqti. xalxi gakvirvebuli iyo, es pirtitvela biWi rogor axerxebs amxela saqmis gaZRolaso! didi mondomebuli da niWieri iyo!..” miSikos Tvalcremlianma qaliSvilma Zvirfas mamikos sayvareli melodiebi waumRera – nazi, sevdiani, magram Zalze mgrZnobiare dabali xmiT... mirilaSvilebis ufrosi mZaxali qali – maro SafToSvili amaRelvebeli xmiT kiTxulobs miSikosadmi miZRvnil leqss... sakmaod Camobnelda, yarbiTis locvac damTavrda, mamakacebi gamovidnen salocavidan. qalbatonebs ki uWirdaT saflavis datoveba... gaitanes miSiko mirilaSvilis suraTi da xalxmac nel – nela iwyo gasvla. ara, ukvdavebas daviwyeba ar uweria! – radgan xalxis gulSi Semonaxuli siTbo didebuli adamianis – miSiko mirilaSvilisa saukuneobiT gaRvivdeba, alisfrad aenTeba, rogorc naTeli simbolo qarTul ebrauli Temisa da misi momavali Taobebisa. izolda krixeli *** xuTSabaTis saRamo idga – pirveli xuTSabaTis - miSiko [moSe] mirilaSvilis gardacvalebis Semdeg. gansvenebulis binaSi zRva xalxs moeyara Tavi. yvelas didi mwuxareba ewera saxeze. mec maT Soris gaxldiT. batoni miSikos umcrosma vaJma – gabrielma gverdze gamixmo da miTxra, xval diliT Cvens ojaxSi israelis sagareo saqmeTa ministri avigdor libermani modis samZimris saTqmelad da Tu SeZleb, Cvens gverdiT iyavio. marTlac, meore dRes, diliT, zustad daniSnul dros batoni avigdori Tanmxleb pirebiTan erTad mirilaSvilebis ojaxs ewvia, Tavisi samZimari gamoTqva da gansvenebulTan urTierTobis epizodebi gaixsena. aSkarad Canda, rom baton miSikosTan mas axlo urTierToba akavSirebda. saubris bolos batonma gabrielma hkiTxa – Tqven, rogorc mamaCemis megobari, yvelaze metad mis romel Tvisebas afasebdiT? - me misi Tvisebebidan yvelaze metad sxvisi Wirvaramis gaziarebisa da TanagrZnobis unars gamovyofdio - iyo pasuxi. da marTlac, qarTvelma ebraelebma batoni miSiko imitom Seiyvares, imitom miaCndaT ase maxloblad da Zvirfasad, rom igi maTi upirvelesi mosarCle da gamkiTxavi iyo. gansvenebulis Sesaxeb am erTi wlis manZilze imdeni iTqva da daiwera, rom Znelia raime daamato. da, mainc, darwmunebuli var, rom saTqmeli jer kidev bevria. nebismieri met-naklebad Rirebuli ram, cxovrebiseuli movlena iqneba es Tu xelovnebis nimuSi, srulyofilad da amomwuravad rom Seafaso, cota ukan unda daixio da distanciidan dainaxo. asea batoni miSikos SemTxvevaSic... erT brZenkacs uTqvams: ‘’netavi imas, vinc ara marto Tavisi fizikuri yofniT gvawrTobs, aramed Tavisi saxelis xsenebiTaco. darwmunebuli var, didi miSiko mirilaSvilis saxelis xseneba yovelTvis gagviTbobs guls da imedis naperwkals Cagvifens sulSi. baton miSikos ori sazrunavi hqon- da da ori qveyana hyavda saTayvanod – yolam haze da yolam haba – dRevandeli qveyana da momavali qveyana, anu, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Cveni warmavali wuTisofeli da meore – maradiuli samyaro, sulTa sasufeveli; RmerTi ki erTi hyavda – adonai exad uSmo exad... yolam haze savsea xiluliTa da arxiluliT, sulieriT da xorcieliT; solomon brZenisa ar iyos, ‘’zogi sagania – Tu ar dainaxe, ver irwmuneb, zogi ki iseTia – Tu ar irwmune, ver dainaxav.’’ adamianis buneba erTsac eswrafvis da meoresac. netavi imas, vinc am or sasufevels Soris sicocxleSive debs SemaerTebel xids da marTalTa [cadikTa] adgils imkvidrebs mama-papaTa Zvirfas aCrdilebs Soris. aseT netarTa savanes SeuerTda gansvenebulis gasxivosnebuli suli. Cems mexsierebas dRemde SemorCa misi erT-erTi saaxalwlo mimarTva: ‘’vimedovneb, rom momecema Zala Rirseulad vemsaxuro RmerTsac da kacsac. es ar iyo litoni sityvebi, aseTi gaxldaT misi cxovrebiseuli kredo, misi cxovrebis mizani _ RmerTis da kacis samsaxuri. amqveynad kacTaTvis msaxureba RmerTis msaxurebad miaCnda da piriqiT. marTlac rom Rirseulad galia Tavisi amqveyniuri yofa, icxovra ise, rom veravin ityvis - misma cxovrebam fuWad Caiarao. amis dasturia is sayovelTao glova, is alali cremli, romliTac Cvenma xalxma gaacila igi Tavis ukanasknel gzaze. igi xom mTeli sicocxle sul imis mcdelobaSi iyo, rom Tavisi cremliT unugeSosTvis cremli SeeSro, davrdomilisTvis Semweobis xeli gaewvdina, dacemuli aRedgina. Rirseuli kaci sikvdilis Semdegac cocxali rCeba! yose Salom bimromav hu iayase Salom yalenu veyal qol israel veimru amen! prof. merab sareli 4 moambe sefer-Toris SebrZanebis zeimi aSdodSi bolo xanebSi qalaq aSdodis qarTul-ebrauli Temis saloca– vebSi gaxSirda sefer-Toris SebrZanebis SemTxvevebi. es mSvenieri tradicia fesaxis sadResaswaulo dReebSic grZeldeba. ebrauli sarwmunoebis mixedviT mSoblebis pativiscema da dafaseba - rogorc maT sicocxleSi, ise sikvdilis Semdegac – umaRles Rirsebad iTvleba. raoden saamayo da amaRelvebelia, rom mamis gardacvalebidan 18 wlis Semdeg Svili aRasrulebs am uwmindes movaleobas da mamis neSamis mosamaRleblad sefer-Toras SeabrZanebs salocavSi! 2 aprils aSdodSi salocav – midraS “ohel iosef”-Si, sadac xdeba rabinebis momzadeba da ebrauli kanonmdeblobis swavleba, gaimarTa didi saxalxo zeimi – qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis vice-prezidenti da aSdodSi religiuri moZraoba”or haxaim xai”-s prezidentma – ioseb mamisTvalovma – sefer-Tora SeabrZana mamis – gercel iosebis Ze mamisTvalovis – neSamis saxelze. ceremoniaze mowveuli iyvnen Temis Tavkacebi, rabinebi, reli– giuri kanonmdeblebi da sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi. damswre jamaaTis SeZaxilebisa da xasiduri mxiaruli musikis TanxlebiT ioseb mamisTvalovi moabrZanebs umSvenieres sefer-Toras, uamrav xalxSi ikvlevs gzas da miemarTeba Tebisaken, sadac mas elodebian axlo megobrebi, naTesaoba – qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis prezidentis movaleobis Semsrulebeli gabriel mirilaSvili, rabi iakob gagulaSvili, israelisa da Temis mTavari rabinebi. sefer-Toris brwyinvale sxivebma ufro meti sixaruliTa da rwmenis sinaTliT aavses mSvenieri salocavis Semogareni – zustad es didi sixaruli da uCveulo sinaTle iyo dasturi saxelovani da Rvawlmosili mamis – gercel iosebis Ze mamisTvalovis – neSamis samaradiso aRiarebisa. gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! mixael mirilaSvili `zakas~ rwmunebulTa sabWos Tavmjdomarea rogorc am bolo xanebSi gaxda cnobili, mixael mirilaSvili “zakas” (“zihui korbanoT ason” - ubeduri SemTxvevebis msxverplTa amocnoba) rwmunebulTa sabWos Tavmjdomared iqna arCeuli. “zaka israel” - nebayoflobiTi organizaciaa, romelic am oci wlis win daarsda iehuda meSi zahavis TaosnobiT. igi israelis policiasa da maSvelTa razmebs exmareba teroristuli aqtebis, avariebisa Tu sxva ubeduri SemTxvevebis msxverplTa amocnobaSi, sxeulis dafantuli nawilebis (zogjer sisxlis) Segrovebasa da transportirebaSi. misi, rogorc Rrmad morwmune ebraelTa gaerTianebis, mTavari mizania micvalebulTa gapatiosneba da ebrauli wesiT dakrZalva. “zakas” moxaliseni, samarTaldamcavi struqturebis paralelurad, sxva organizaciebTanac TanamSromloben (aseTia, mag., ‘’magen david adomi’’). imavdroulad isini samoqalaqo Tavdacvis wevrebic arian, rac maT ubedurebis adgilebze TavianTi movaleobis Sesasruleblad saWiro uflebebs aniWebs. “zakas” TanamSromlebi dakargulTa aRmoCenasa da maT gamoxsnaSic Rebuloben monawileobas rogorc israelSi, aseve sazRvargareT. Cvenda samwuxarod, israelSi ar arsebobs adamiani, romlisTvisac ucnobia “zakas” wminda saqmianoba. mtkivneulia amisi aRiareba, magram realobas ver gaveqceviT: rac ufro didia teroristuli aqtebisa da ubeduri SemTxvevebis sixSire, miT ufro izrdeba ‘’zakas’’ saqmianobis intensivoba da, Sesabamisad, misi sazogadoebrivi rezonansi. wlebis ganmavlobaSi ubedurebis msxverplTa pirveli Wirisuflebi da dampatiosneblebi xom ‘’zakas’’ wevrebi arian. ramdenjer gvinaxavs teleekranze, rogori gulmodginebiTa da sasoebiT epyrobodnen teroristuli aqtebis msxverplT, darSi Tu avdarSi, roca ukve yvela tovebda ubeduri SemTxvevis adgils, isini rCebodnen, raTa daRupulTa sxeulis erTi nawilic ar daetovebinaT, eZebdnen da kedlebidan Tu asfaltidan fxekdnen jer kidev SeumSral sisxls, xorcis nafleTebs, rom mSobliuri miwisTvis miebarebinaT. “zakas” rCeuli moxaliseni, romelTac samedicino ganaTlebac aqvT, mzad arian, sul ramdenime saaTSi, msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi, humanitarul an israel-ebraul interesebTan dakavSirebul ubedurebis adgilze gasamgzavreblad. am organizacias sxvadasxva qveyanaSi hyavs Tavisi warmomadgenlebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso urTierTTanamSromlobisTvis zrunaven. “zakas” wevrebi yovelTvis iq arian, sadac maTi daxmarebaa saWiro: xomald “kolumbias” daRupvis Semdeg aSS-Si, mombasaSi, baliSi, tabasa da TurqeTSi momxdari teroristuli aqtebis, tailandSi cunamis, axal orleanSi qariSxal “katarinas”, kunZul fokeTze TviTmrinavis Camovardnis da sul cota xnis win haitiSi momxdari ubeduri SemTxvevebis dros - maT didi daxmareba gauwies adgilobriv samedicino da Tavdacvis organoebs. raoden didi rwmena, sulieri Zala da nebisyofaa saWiro aseTi samadlo saqmis gasakeTeblad. ramdeni Wirisuflis ukanaskneli nugeSi yofila is faqti, rom tragikulad daRupuli maTi sayvareli adamianis sxeuli yvav-yornebis sajijgnad ar qceuli am RvTismosavi adamianebis wyalobiT. amitom asmagad did siamayes gvaniWebs is faqti, rom aseT organizacias milioni Sekeli Seswira qarTvel ebraelTa msoflio kongresis pirveli prezidentis, didi qvelmoqmedisa da uebro pirovnebis, netarxsenebuli moSe (miSiko) mirilaSvilis ufrosma vaJma, Tavadac bevri didi sikeTis mTesvelma mixael mirilaSvilma.E guliTadad vulocavT b-n mixaels “zakas” rwmunebulTa sabWos Tavmjdomared arCevas da vusurvebT kidev mravali sasikeTo saqmis Taosnobas. moamzada cisana biniaSvilma 5 semk egviptidan egviptidan gamosvla (me-14 saukunis ucnobi avtori) karga xnis manZilze mecnierebs sarwmunod ar miaCndaT egviptis monobidan ebraelTa gamosvlis ambavi. zogierTi mkvlevari imasac ki amtkicebda, TiTqos Zveli welTaRricxvis meore aTaswleulSi saerTod ar arsebobda ebraeli xalxi. Tanaxis mixedviT, swored meore aTaswleulSi [ebrauli kalendriT] moxvdnen ebraelebi egviptis monobaSi. aseT mkvlevarTa misamarTiT erT-erTi germaneli istorikosi werda: “SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom ama Tu im xalxma Tavis Tavs miaweros sanaqebo saqmeebi, magram veraviTar logikas ver vxedav imaSi, rom erma yovelgvari safuZvlis gareSe mogviTxros, rom maTi winaprebi monebad iyvnen ucxoeTSi”. kamaTi egviptidan gamosvlis gamosvlis utyuarobis irgvliv gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom im periodSi mecnierebs jer kidev ar gaaCndaT saTanado dokumentacia, romelic Suqs mohfenda istoriul sinamdviles. da raki sxvadasxva xalxebis mematianeebi, arcTu iSviaTad, TavianT fantazias eyrdnobodnen, mecnirebs egonaT, rom cnobebi ebraelTa istoriiis Sesaxeb mxolod meocnebeTa SeTxzuli iyo. egviptologiis aRmocenebis Semdeg mdgomareoba Zireulad Seicvala. frangma egviptologma Sampolionma gaSifra Zvelegvipturi ieroglifebi da ebraelTa gamosvlis epizodebsac farda aexada. Aarqeologiurma gaTxrebma sinaTle mohfina miwaSi Camarxuli papirusebis saidumlos. magram axal aRmoCenebTan erTad Cndeboda axali problemebic: dasazustebeli iyo, Tu saxeldobr rodis gamovidnen ebraelebi egviptidan da vin iyo is faraoni romelmac ebraelebi gamouSva. es sakiTxi SedarebiT iolad gadaiWra, roca gamoCenilma egviptologma flinders petrim samxreT egviptis qalaq neve-amonSi aRmoaCina egviptelTa gamarjvebis obeliski, romelic aRmarTuli iyo faraon merneptahis mier, Zveli welTaRricxvis daaxloebiT 1230 wels. obeliski mogviTxrobs faraon merneptahis Zlevamosil laSqrobaze qanaanelTa winaaRmdeg: ‘’qanaani da mTeli misi ukeTuri mosaxleoba damorCilebulia, aSqeloni aRebulia, gezeri Cvens xelTaa, israeli ki mTlianad ganadgurebulia, misi kvalic aRar darCa.” es aris pirveli araebrauli Zegli, sadac israeli misi namdvili saxeliTaa naxsenebi, rac imas mowmobs, rom ukve 1230 wels Cvens welTaRricxvamde, ese igi msajulTa epoqis dasawyisSi, igi ukve cno- galuTidan gamosvla “yoveli Taobidan TaobaSi adamiani ise unda xedavdes sakuTar Tavs, TiTqos TviTon gamosuliyos egvi ptidan”. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, galuTidan gamosvlis procesi galuTidan israelSi gadasvliT, erTi xelis dakvriT ki ar xdeba, - is kulturul da mentalur gadasvlas moiTxovs. israelis Zeni egvi ptidan udabnoSi gadadian, udabnodan ki israelSi. galuTsa da israels Soris gardamavali etapia, rodesac israelis Svilebs egvi pteSi dabruneba surT, galuTis sazamTroebi da yabayebi enatrebaT. yovelma Temma, romelic israelSi amovida, es gardamavali etapi unda gaiaros, magram sabolood jobs gaiTviTcnobieros, rom galuTidan gamodis da israelis qveyanaSi Sedis. umetes SemTxvevaSi ufros Taobas ujdeba es Zvirad, Torem israelSi dabadebulT da gazrdilT unari SeswevT israelad yofna arCion. saqarTvelos ebraeloba israelSi metwilad sionisturi miswrafebiT amovida da ara gaWirvebisa da devnis gamo. rabebi, miecaT Tu ara pirveli SesaZlebloba, rkinis fardis gaxsnisTanave amovidnen israelSi, rac erec israelSi ebrauli wesiT cxovrebis survilma ukarnaxaT. israelSi amosvliT saqarTvelos ebrauli Temi israelis aTeistur sazogadoebas gaecno. mamapapuri wes-Cveulebidan bevri ram nel-nela gaqra da maTi adgili aTeisturma kulturam daikava. qarTvelma ebraulma Temma Tavisi tradiciuloba dakarga. saqarTvelodan amosuli ebraelobis didi nawili koncentrirebuli iqna iseT qalaqebSi, rogoricaa aSdodi da lodi, risi wy- istoriuli bili iyo da qanaanSi cxovrebasac sakmaod didi xnis istoria hqonda. rogorc Cans, merneptahma marTlac dalaSqra qanaanis qalaqebi, magram rac Seexeba israelis mTlianad ganadgurebas, es mis TavSeukavebel fantazias unda mivaweroT... asea Tu ise, erTi ram cxadia: egviptidan gamosvla am TariRamde didi xniT adre unda momxdariyo, vinaidan qanaanSi ebraelebi egviptidan gamosvlis Semdeg damkvidrdnen. swavlulebi varaudoben, rom es moxda merneptahis mamis ramzes II mefobisas da TavianT mosazrebas zurgs umagreben frangi mecnieris – navilis gamokvlevebiT, romelic man am asi wlis win Caatara mdinare nilosis deltaSi. gaTxrebis Sedegad man aRmoaCina ori uZvelesi qalaqis naSTebi uzarmazari sawyobebiT. orive qalaqi agebulia faraon ramzes meoris epoqaSi. Nnavili miiCnevda, rom mis mier aRmoCenili qalaqebi iyo pitomi da ramzesi, romlebic ebraelebma auges faraons. TviT saxeli ramzesi TanaxSi orjeraa naxsenebi – bereSiTis 47-e Tavis me-11 muxlSi da SemoTis pirveli Tavis me-11 muxlSi. arsebobs sxva dokumentebic, romlebic mogviTxroben, rom ramzes II xanaSi xapruebi iZulebuli iyvnen, sasaxleebi aegoT faraonisTvis; xapruebi ki – ebraelebi iyvnen. aqedan daskvna _ swored ramzes II aiZula ebraelebi monurad emuSavaT. misi mefobis dros ebraelebi gamovidnen egviptidan, xolo misi vaJiSvilis zeobisas isini ukve qanaanis mkvidri mosaxleni iyvnen. maS, rodisRa aages ebraelebma pitomi da ramzesi? saguldagulo gamokvlevebi adastureben, rom es Teoria ar Seesabameba arc Tanaxs da arc im epoqis sxva wyaroebs. Tanaxis mixedviT, pitomi da ramzesi Sendeboda monobis peri- aspeqtebi odis dasawyisSi da ara boloSi, uSualod egviptidan gamosvlis win. marTalia ramzes II mefoba Zalian xangrZlivi iyo da 65 weliwads moicavs, magram Znelia drois am monakveTSi CavtioT monobis xanis umetesi nawili, egviptidan gamosvla, ormoc weliwads udabnoSi xetiali, qveynis damorCileba da iq dasaxleba. ramzes meoris Svilis merneptahis dros ki ebraelebi qanaanis mkvidri mosaxleebi iyvnen. ramzes II metad agresiuli faraoni iyo. igi xSirad eomeboda sirias da Tavs esxmoda qanaanis miwas, daamarcxa amoreelebi, libanis qedebze rom cxovrobdnen, daimorCila sidonis qalaqebi, bolos Sevida beT-SeanSi da Tavis Tavs daudga Zegli baSanis miwaze. aseTi mZlavri dampyroblis periodSi mecnierebs ebraelebis egviptidan gamosvla saeWvod miaCniaT. aseT versias Toris qronologiac ewinaaRmdegeba. ‘’mefeTa’’ mesame wignSi laparakia mefe Selomos gamefebis meoTxe weliwadze, taZris kurTxevaze da aRniSnulia: “israelis ZeTa egviptidan gamosvlidan 480 wlis Semdeg daiwyo man RvTisaTvis taZris ageba”. teqstis Tanaxmad, egviptidan gamosvla moxda meTxuTmete saukunis bolo aTwleulSi Cvens eramde. am monacemebze dayrdnobiT, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom ebraelebi egviptidan gamovidnen faraon TuTmos meoTxis dReebSi, romlis mefobac xanmokle iyo. TuTmosis Semdeg mefobdnen faraonebi – amenxotep mesame da amenxotep meoTxe. arc erTs da arc meores qanaanis ambebi ar ainteresebda. amitom, maTi mefobis periodSi ebraelebis mier qanaanis teritoriis dapyroba savsebiT sarwmunoa. Tamar kezeraSvili alobiTac maT Semoinaxes Temuri saTburi da israelobisken veRar gaikafes gza. israelis sazogadoebasTan gaTqvefis SesaZlebloba dakavSirebulia axalgazrda Taobis unarTan, ufro Rrmad Cawvdes iudaizmis safuZvlebs da erec israelSi Cveni cxovrebis mniSvnelobac gaisigrZeganos. Cven iudaizmTan Serwymul ebraelebad unda viqceT, pativi vceT mis tradicias, gavicnoT misi fesvebi, madloba vuTxraT Cvens mSoblebs, romlebic pirvelebi amovidnen israelSi da gardamavali Taobis niSa itvirTes. dRes, roca me Cveni Temis SvilebTan Sesaxvedrad mivdivar, romlebic amayoben imiT, rom maT israelis parlamentSi TavianTi warmomadgeneli hyavT, mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia vuTxra maT – me qarTveli ebraeli Temis amayi qaliSvili var, magram aRzrda-ganaTleba religiuri sionizmis saswavlebelSi miviRe, iq Camoyalibda Cemi ideologiuri gza. imis wyalobiT, rom Cemi mSoblebi rexovoTSi gadavidnen sacxovreblad, sadac qarTuli ebrauli Temi kompaqturad ar aris dasaxlebuli, israelis religiur garemoSi gavizarde da ideologiuri msoflmxedveloba religiuri sionisturi aRzrda-ganaTlebiT gaviRrmave. Cemi mrwamsi Camoyalibda Tel-avivis ulfanSi, ieruSalaimisa da bar-ilanis iudaizmis seminarebze, rexovoTSi, rabebis mier Catarebul Toris gakveTilebze, sadac israelTan kavSiris uwyvetelobisa da israelis qveynis dacvis mniSvnelobas maswavlidnen, roca aSS-sa da samxreT afrikaSi viyavi wargzavnili da israelis masmediaSi CaverTe. Cveni vinaobis garkvevis gareSe, Cvens fesvebTan kavSiris gareSe, verafers veweviT, fizikurad israelSi viqnebiT, magram sulierad galuTis samyaroSi gavagrZelebT cxovrebas. visac hgonia, rom Temis siamaye mxolod qarTuli folkloris, cekvebis, da simRerebis Semonaxvaa, is israelis mentalobaSi gvian an saerTodac ver Seva. fesaxis dResaswaulis damdegs me vloculob, rom gveRirsos galuTidan gamosvla, xolo rac mTavaria, gamoviyvanoT Cvengan galuTi da namdvil israelebad viqceT. cifi xotoveli israelis qneseTis wevri 6 moambe Tavisuflebis ukvdavi gakveTili nisani da iari _ Zvelebrauli kalendris es sakraluri "rom uambo Sens Svils da SvilTaSvils, Tveebi _ gansakuTrebuli azriT aris aRbeWdili Cveni xalxis rogor gavuswordi egviptes cnobierebaSi. gazafxulis es ulamazesi dro, rodesac zamTris da ra saswaulebi movuvline mas..." tyveobidan daxsnili da gamarjvebuli buneba irgvliv sicocxSemoT lesa da Tavisufal nebas amkvidrebs, _ imTaviTve sxvadasxva miTologiur warmodgenas daukavSirda da Zveli xalxebis misteriebsa da sakulto dResaswaulebSi gajerda. swored am dros, anu, rogorc ToraSia naTqvami, nisanis Tvis meTxuTmete dRes, daiwyo egviptidan Cveni gamosvla _ tyvedqmnili xalxis ganTavisuflebis da erad dadginebis diadi epopea, romelic, ager ukve meoTxe aTaswleulia, aTasgvari legendiTa Tu gadmocemiT asazrdoebs Cveni xalxis fantazias; magram am legendebs realur cxovrebaSi Tavisi gagrZelebac aqvs: 1948 wels, drois amave monakveTSi _ iaris Tvis mexuTe dRes _ gamocxadda israelis damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Seqmna. es aris, ase vTqvaT, Jami meored gamosvlisa, rodesac oriaTaswliani galuTis RameSi CanTqmuli ebraeloba feniqsiviT aRdga da qveynierebis oTxiv kuTxidan arnaxuli aRtkinebiT daiZra aRTqmuli miwisaken. am ori TariRis urTierTkavSirSi, roca drosa da sivrceSi ase daSorebuli movlenebi TiTqmis sruli analogiiT imeoreben erTmaneTs, dRevandeli israelis mkvidrni raRac Rrma da Sefarul azrs vdebT, raSic TiTqos TvalnaTliv gacxadda Cveni istoriis saocari memkvidreobiToba. da kidev erTi; damoukideblobis dResaswauls win uZRvis erovnuli katastrofis, anu xsovnis dRe. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es aris dRe eris istoriuli mexsierebisa. xsovna da mexsiereba ki, rogorc cnobilia, Toris erT-erTi umTavresi postulatia, rac mravalmxriv gansazRvravs Cveni yofierebis azrs; kacobriobis bavSvobidan gamoxmobili miTi Tu enigma sadReisod, Cveni mowifulobis Jams, axlebur datvirTvas iZens, TiTqos erTdeba warsuli da awmyo da sruliad sxvagvar, zedroul ganzomilebaSi gadadis droTa sakraluri kavSiri. ’””arc erT ers ar gamouvlia imdeni satanjveli da wameba, ramdenic ebraelTa ers Tavs gadahxdenia. Aam odesmeDdidebuls da saxelganTqmuls ers bedma xelidan gamosxlita samSoblo da TviTmyofadoba da ganabnia igi mTels dedamiwis zurgze, CaaTesla ucxo qveynebSi, sadac ebraelebs moeloda yovelgvari tanjva da wvaleba,”’’ _ wers ilia WavWavaZe 1886 wels ebrauli sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil Tavis erT-erT statiaSi. Ddiax, tanjva da wvaleba TiTqos odiTganve daebeda am uZveles ers. jer kidev kacobriuli civilizaciis gariJraJze bedma arguna ebraelebs egvipteSi oTxaswliani tyveoba, romlis gaxseneba axlac zaravs yovel morwmune iudevels. Yyovelwliurad, ‘’fesaxis’’ dResaswaulze, im duxWiri wlebis mosagonrad xelSi aiRebs ebraeli xmiads (‘’macas)’’] da sevdiani xmiT waigalobebs: ‘’”ese ars puri tanjulobisa, romelsa sWamdnen mamani Cveni egvipteSi.”‘’ am ritualis daniSnulebaa _ momaval Taobebs Seaxsenos monobidan gamoxsnis saocari ambavi. Mmorwmune ebraeli igonebs ZvelTuZveles bibliur gadmocemas da istoria am wuTebSi misTvis raRac Sori da ganyenebuli cneba ki ar aris, aramed cxadi da xelSesaxebi realoba, romlis uCveulo da dramatul koliziebSi TiTqos TviTonac monawileobs: ‘’”mamebisagan Svilebs, Taobidan Taobebs gadaecema ambavi egviptidan gamosvlisa, rogorc piradad gancdili Tavgadasavali, romlis daviwyebac SeuZlebelia”’’ _ gvamcnobs ebrauli sibrZne, romelsac zurgs umagrebs bibliuri Segoneba, yovladZlierma RmerTma rom ukarnaxa udabnoSi daZrul ebraelebs: ”‘’gaxsovdes egviptidan Seni gamosvlis DRRe!’’” *** rogorc Talmudisturi tradicia ganmartavs, yoveldRe, roca ki ebraelebi TavianT sjulis wigns Caxedaven, maT iseTi SegrZneba aqvT, TiTqos swored ‘’ ‘’”am dRes movidnen isini udabnoSi’’‘” ([SemoT, 19)], ‘’”U’am dRes‘’”’ _ amJamad, da ara romeliRac istoriul warsulSi. ase iyo yvelgan _ galuTis qveynebSi, ase iyo saqarTveloSic... ‘’”‘’amaRamis Ramesa‘’”’ _ fesaxis pirveli Ramis dadgomisTanave wamoiwyebda galobas sederis magidasTan dabrZanebuli babuaCemi da hyveboda moSes dabadebisa da cxovrebis uCveulo ambebs _ Tu varskvlavTmricxvelTa winaswarmetyvelebiT afo- bolo wuTs ufalma rogor warmoagzavna Tavisi angelozi, romelmac mxarze frTa gahkra axalSobils da xeli naRverdlisken uqcia. mere tkivilis- piri ibruna moSem da Camovida mTidan, xelSi ori fiqali eWira... (SemoT 32,15). riaqebulma faraonma rogor gamoscada axlad dabadebuli moSe, rogor daudga win ori gobi _ erTi oqroebiT, meore ki gavarvarebuli nakverCxlebiT savse _ imis molodinSi Tu saiT waiRebda axalSobili xels, rom amis mixedviT gadaewyvita misi bedi: Tu bavSvi oqros waetaneboda, es ukve misi Wkuis maniSnebeli iyo, Wkviani araegvipteli ki, qurumTa CagonebiT, saSiSroebas moaswavebda Zlevamosili faraonisTvis... marTlac, rogor waiRo Cvilma xeli oqrosaken, magram gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! gan gamwarebulma bavSvma umal rogor itaka pirSi damwvari TiTebi da ena daifufqa, ris gamoc mTeli cxovreba enabrgvnili iyo... hyveboda babuaCemi da nel-nela, Cvenda uneburad, im Soreuli ambebis Tanamonawileebad gvxdida. ase gveCveneboda, rom misgan moyolil ambebs raRac ucxo da uCveulo naTeli adga, romelsac TiTqos yvelani vinawilebdiT... egviptidan gamosvlis ambavi rom daiwyeboda babua bavSvebs gareT gagviZaxebda da Cvenc viTom imJamindeli movlenebis imitirebas vax- dendiT: karze davakakunebdiT, vin xarTo _ rom gamogvZaxebdnen, _ israelis Svilebi varT-Tqo, _ gavepasuxebodiT da Cveni ebraelobis dasturad Cvens damilavebul “>(winadacveTil) nawils moviSveliebdiT; gagviRebdnen kars, isev sadResaswaulo trapezTan dagvsxamdnen da xmiadebiTa da sasusnavebiT gvimaspinZldebodnen... “”ebraul dResaswaulTa galereaSi fesaxi yvelaze erovnul dResaswauladaa miCneuli da Tavisi FfesvebiT yvelaze ufro metad exeba kacobriobis wminda warsuls, vidre msoflios erTa romelime sxva Cveuleba an rituali. Qqveyniereba ise gamoicvala, rom Znelia misi cnoba, xalxebi daWknen da gauCinardnen, istoriul asparezze adgili dauTmes axal xalxebs, horizonti gafarTovda, TiTqos sicarielisgan aRmocenda materikebi, bunebis arnaxuli Zalebi movidnen adamianis dasaxmareblad, misi cxovrebis Sesacvlelad, _ DA da mxolod es xalxi darCa xeluxlebeli imTaviTve, erTguli Tavisi Tavisa, da Rrmad inaxavs gulSi xsovnas tanjul winaprebze. igi winandeburad loculobs Tavis maradiul RmerTze, imave sityvebiT, romlebiTac loculobda aTasi wlis winaT _ tyveobisa da Tavisuflebis eri, eri israelisa!” [(beniamin zeev hercli]...”) *** “’ ”‘o ’ Txi madlis gamo gamoiyvana RmerTma ebraelebi egviptidan: TavianT saxelebs rom ar isxvaferebdnen, enas rom ar icvlidnen, saidumloebas rom ar gaTqvamdnen da abraamis aRTqmas [(‘’”‘’briT mila”)‘’] rom ar auqmebdnen”‘’ _ vkiTxulobT rabinuli literaturis erT-erT ZeglSi. rogorc vxedavT, sakuTari enisa da erovnuli TavisTavadobis Senaxva yvelaze RvTiur madladaa Seracxili Talmudis avtorTa mier. ‘’ ”‘’egvipteSi yofnisas ebraelebi erT adgilas ikribebodnen da erTi ojaxiviT cxovrobdnen; maT fici dades, rom erTmaneTs mxarSi amoudgebodnen da wmindad Seinaxavdnen patriarqebis aRTqmas, ar daiviwyebdnen winaparTa enas da ar ilaparakebdnen egvipturad, raTa ar daewyoT kerpTayvaniscemloba,”‘’ _ gvamcnobs meore werilobiTi Zegli. *** ormoci weli daatarebda moSe sjulmdebeli egviptidan daZrul ebraelebs, ormoci weli modioda ltolvili xalxi aRTqmuli qveynisaken, modioda tanjviTa da drtvinviT _ udabnos qarsa da almurSi. oTxaswliani tyveobis Semdeg es iyo ebraeli xalxis pirveli Sexeba TavisuflebasTan da, SesaZlebelia, Tavisuflebamowyurebuli sulis yvelaze didi Zalisxmeva mTeli kacobriobis istoriaSi. Hhaines moswrebuli Tqmisa ar iyos, ”israelebis egviptidan gamosvlis Semdeg sityva ””Tavisufleba”’’ msoflios yvela enaze ebrauli aqcentiT warmoiTqmis...” *** rac Seexeba udabnoSi gamosvlas da iq ormocwlian xetials, Tanaxis mogviano komentatorTa azriT, esec friad sakraluri da Rrmaazrovani aqtia: vidre adamiani yoveldRiuri saqmeebisgan ar ganitvirTeba da mosawyen yofiTobas ar ganerideba, vidre udabnoSi ar gaiWreba, rogorc Zveli meudabnoeni da winaswarmetyvelni sCadiodnen amas, _ igi mzad ar aris diadi misiis aRsas- 7 semk ruleblad. Aase rom, rogorc ZvelTaganve uTqvamT, gza aRTqmuli qveynisaken udabnoze gadis... *** rogorc ukve iTqva, fesaxis erTi umTavresi atributia saritualo trapezi, anu ‘’”sederi”,’’ rac ebraulad wesrigs niSnavs. erTi SexedviT, aq TiTqos SeusabamobasTan unda gvqondes saqme, radgan fesaxi Tavisuflebis dResaswaulia, Tavisuflebis stiqia ki Znelad hguobs pirobiTobebsa da SezRudvebs. magram brZeni rabinebi gvmoZRvraven: Tavisuflebac aris da Tavisuflebac; adamianma SeiZleba borkilebi daamsxvrios, cixis kedeli gamoangrios da gareT gamosulma Tavi Tavisuflad warmoidginos, magram, rogorc guSindelma monam da boganom, mainc ver SeigrZnos WeSmariti Tavisuflebis xibli, radgan Tavisufleba socialuri statusi rodia, igi, uwinares yovlisa, pirovnebis Sinagani mdgomareobaa. namdvili Tavisufleba mxolod maSin ikidebs fexs, roca adamiani gaiazrebs Tavisi arsebobis mizans da daisaxavs gzas, romliTac surs iaros _ ara iZulebiT, aramed sakuTari sulisa da nebis karnaxiT. kaci, romelsac ara aqvs Tavisi saxe da ara swams Tavisi RmerTi, mainc monad rCeba, gindac saerTod ar hyavdes mbrZanebeli da zedamxedveli. es _ Tavisufleba ki ara _ misi profanaciaa, romelic ganukiTxaobas da anarqiasTan ufroa wilnayari. ai, amitom Tu daaweses brZenma Talmudistebma ‘’sederis’’ rituali, rogorc miniSneba wesrigisa da TviTdisciplinis aucileblobaze, rac WeSmariti Tavisuflebis winapirobaa. “*** roca ebraelebi egviptidan gamovidnen, ukve Rirsi iyvnen imisa, rom sakuTari moZRvreba [(‘’Tora)’’] HhqonodaT, _ gvauwyebs Talmudi, _ magram ufals ubrZanebia: _ jerac Cemi Svilebi ferze ver mosulan, sul axlaxan daaRwies Tavi kirisa da alizis tyveobas, bevri maTgani daxeibrebulia da daavadmyofebuli, da sapyar-saxiCari xalxi Toris moZRvrebas ver aiTvisebso. ufalma ubrZana Tavis msaxur-angelozebs, gadmomxdariyvnen cidan da ganekurnaT sneuli xalxi: ”‘’dae, jer momjobindnen, suli moiTqvan, datkbnen ciuri mananiT, wyaros wyliTa da mwyerCitebiT da Semdeg eziaron Toris moZRvrebas...”” albaT, sacnauri unda iyos am TqmulebaSi Camarxuli azri: raime moZRvreba da ideologia mxolod Tavisufalma, sulierad da fizikurad srulyofilma xalxma unda miiRos. sxvagvarad gardauvalia, dRevandeli terminologiiT rom vTqvaT, e. w. ”‘’‘ideologiuri gadaxrebi...”‘’” *** rogorc cnobilia, aRTqmul miwamde ver miaRwia egvipteSi tyvednamyofma xalxma; TviT moSe winamZRvaric ver eRirsaA ‘’”rZisa da Taflis” qveyanaSi’’ Sesvlas. Mmxolod udabnoSi, TavisuflebaSi Sobilma Taobam SeaRwia israelis wilxvedr qveyanaSi; xolo ormocwlian xetialSi daRupuli modgma ‘’”udabnos Taobis”’’ (”‘’dor hamidbar”)’’] saxeliT moinaTla da amave saxelwodebiT damkvidrda istoriaSi... *** ocdaeqvsi saukune! Mmeeqvse saukune Cvens welTaRricxvamde... magram aqamde ebraelebs didi istoriuli gza aqvT gasavleli, _ unda miiRon Toris moZRvreba, Seikran erT mTlian erad, brZoliT daiZran qanaanisken, daamxon ieriqonis galavnebi, damkvidrdnen mamapapeul miwaze, SeqmnanN israelianTa mZlavri samefo, arnaxul simaRleze aiyvanon Zveli aRmosavleTis sityviereba, misi filosofiurpoeturi kultura, naxon didebisa da dacemis, aRzevebisa da damdablebis wlebi. jer ki isini almodebul udabnoSi arian da drtvinviTa da tanjviT miikvleven gzas qanaanis aRTqmuli miwisaken. maTi winamZRolis Rvawli da SemarTeba SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT Zveli saqarTvelos mkvidrT. Aai, ras vkiTxulobT ‘’”qarTlis cxovrebaSi’’:” ‘’”Semdgom amisa movida ambavi, viTarmed mosem ganvlo zRva israelTa... da gahkvirdnen yovelni da yovelTa warmarTTa aqes RmerTi israelTa...” ‘’ es RmerTi ki, bibliis mixedviT, pirvelad xorebis mTasTan, mayvlovanSi gamoecxada moSes: ”gamoecxada uflis angelozi cecxlis alad Suagul mayvlovanSi. xedavs, cecxli ukidia mayvlovans, ma- napoleons Turme Cvevad hqonda, saRamoobiT Raribuli samoseli gadaecva da ase SeniRbuli gamosuliyo qalaqis quCebSi. seirnobisas Turme ebraul ubnebsac miakiTxavda xolme. erT saRamos, Cveulebisamebr gamosuli, Sevida ebraul ubanSi da, misda gasaocrad, iqauroba dacarielebuli daxvda. Eezo-saxlebSic Seixeda, magram yvela kari gamoketili iyo. Kkarga xnis Zebnisa da gamokiTxvis Semdeg Turme sinagogas miadga, fexakrefiT Seipara SenobaSi da saocari sanaxaobis mowme Seiqna: mTeli qalaqis ebraeloba, rogorc erTi, miwaze garTxmuliyo da godebda. Nnapoleons gakvirvebiT ukiTxavs _ aseTi ra ubedureba dagatydaT Tavs, ase mwared rom glovobTo! _ nabuqodonosorisgan da vespasianesgan iavarqmnil ieruSalaims davtiriTo, _ upasuxia erT-erT uxucess. rogor Tu ieruSalaims _ kidev ufro gahkvirvebia imperators. maSin Turme rabinma, romelsac oriaTaswliani sevda Casdgomoda TvalebSi, Sexeda am ugunur araebraels (goi)] da wvrilad auwya taZris dangrevis odindeli istoria. Aam ambiT gaognebul napoleons uTq- gan maT yurTasmenas, Tanadroul mejlisebze metad, im dafdafis xmebi itacebda, romlis hangebze aRtkinebulma miriamma icekva mewamul zRvaze gadmosvlisas am samiaTas oTxasi wlis winaT. saamisod isini saukunoebrivma gamocdilebam Seamzada, raki imTaviTve yurad iRes mamaTa brZnuli Segoneba: ‘’”yovel TaobaSi ebraelma sakuTar Tavs ise unda Sexedos, TiTqos igi TviTon gamovida egviptidan.’’” vin icis, aseTma memkvidreobiTobam gansazRvra kidec ebraelTa istoriis uCveulo qronometraJi... *** axla movisminoT nawyveti erTi qarTuli romanidan, romlis avtori, Soreuli arqetipebis Ziebisas, sakuTari gvaris genealogias Cahyveba da romeliRac istoriul SreebSi Tavisi winapris gaqvavebul lands waawydeba: ”575 weli. Tve ivlisi. Ggardaicvala Tavadi irubaq irubaqiZe. Tavisi gvari qaldeidan gamohyavda. sityva ”‘’irubaq”’’ qaldeuri Zirisaa... Tavadi iyo axovani tanad, lamazi Tvalad. cxviri hqonda orbuli, Subli _ Ria da maRali... kacis iqiT ixedeboda orWofuli mzeriT. Hhqonda naTeli. icoda saidumlo swavlani. sakuTriv _ mose da piTagor. Uuyvarda ufro mose. iyo suliT ficxeli da guliT Cvili: rogorc mose. xSirad uTqvams: ar aris xilva unaTlesi sinaisa. ar aris gaxeleba uficxelesi mcnebaTa dafis damsxvrevisa. Aar aris xalxis daurveba uZlieresi ormoci wlis udabnoSi xetialisa. Aar aris wyevla usaSinelesi israelisa... ar aris naRveli umZafresi aRTqmul qveynis arxilvisa da verxilvisa... icoda enebi: hebrauli da berZnuli. bevrjer uTqvia: RmerTebs marto hebrauliT Tu daelaparakebi. Rimils mis saxeze wlobiT ver naxulobdnen. cremli mis Tvalze aravis unaxavs; magram amboben: xSirad bavSvebi naxvretiT Seixedavdnen mis oTaxSi, naxulobdnen: igi stiroda. Ees xdeboda didi gaxarebis Jams. sTxzavda leqsebs. sul moseze mReroda...” (grigol robaqiZe) *** aseTia, zogadad, egviptidan gamosvlis dResaswauli, romelic tradiciuli TvalsazrisiT, dResac grZeldeba. ‘’”ufalo RmerTo, Semoqmedo saswaulebisa mas Jamsa Sina da Cvens dReebSi”’’ _ gvamcnobs Zvelebrauli locva da alegoriulad migvaniSnebs, rom ‘’mas Jamsa Sina’’ momxdari saswauli erTjeradi aqti ki ar aris, aramed adamianis, rogorc srulyofis gzaze Semdgari individis, mudmivi swrafva da Zalisxmeva. diax, egviptidan gamosvlis saswauli dResac grZeldeba. cxadia, am konteqstSi saxeldobr arc mxolod egvipte moiazreba da arc mxolod egviptidan ltolvili Cveni winaprebi. aq ufro zogad da universalur kategoriebzea laparaki. Tavisuflebis SegrZneba ki, SesaZloa, Cveni cxovrebis mudmiv Tanamdevad gavixadoT, imisda mixedviT Tu rogor amJRavnebs esa Tu is pirovneba Tu eri saamiso nebas Tu sulier mzaobas... P .S.: P fesaxi. me-15 saukunis miniatura gram ar iwvis mayvlis buCqi. Tqva moSem: mival da vnaxav am didebul sanaxavs, ratom ar iwvis mayvlovani...” Tanaxis am epizodma mogvianebiT alegoriuli datvirTva miiRo, xolo cecxlmodebuli buCqi ebraeli xalxis simbolod aRibeWda momdevno Taobebis cnobierebaSi: ‘’RmerTma moSes imitom aCvena almodebuli buCqi, rom mieniSnebina: ”ai, rogorc es buCqi ar iwvis, Tumca cecxli ukidia, ise ver gaanadgurebs mteri israelis Svilebs.”’’ aseTia Talmudis komentari... *** arsebobs gadmocema: vams: ‘’”WeSmaritad maradiuli eri xarT Tqven, ori aTasi wlis uwindel ambavs guSindeliviT rom ganicdiTo...” am legendaSi Rrmad simboluri azria gacxadebuli. WeSmaritebaa, rom yoveli adamiani, uwinares yovlisa, mis Tanadroul yofaSia CarTuli da dRevandeli, zogjer umniSvnelo ambavic ki, ufro metad aforiaqebs Cvens cnobierebas, vidre aTasi wlis winandeli Tundac umniSvnelovanesi omebi, anu, rogorc homerosi ityoda, ‘’”yvelaze metad is simRera itacebs kacis guls, romelic axladgardaxdil ambebs mogviTxrobs.”’’ ebraelTa mimarT, rogorc vxedavT, es WeSmariteba ar gamarTlda, rad- jemal ajiaSvili 8 moambe safesaxo samzadisi saqarTvelos ebraul dasaxlebebSi safesaxo samzadisi gansakuT– rebuli aRmavlobiT mimdinareobda, magram erT ramed Rirda suramis ebraelobis yureba am periodSi. Rarib-Rataksa da metismeti jafiT welmowyvetil ebraels aviwydeboda yvela sadardeli, misi azri da goni mxolod erTi sazrunaviT iyo dakavebuli – safesaxod “xamezi” ar darCenoda saxlSi da araferi mokleboda mis mravalricxovan jalabs!.. saerTod, safesaxo samzadisi furimis dResaswaulis gasvlis Semdeg iwyeba, magram suramlebi bevrad ufro adre iWerdnen Tadarigs. marTalia, Raribebi iyvnen, magram erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis grZnoba uflebas ar aZlevdaT xeldakrefilni yofiliyvnen. fesaxi maTi gagebiT bevrad imaze meti iyo vidre dResaswauli!.. jer kidev zamTris didTovlianobisas, sakvirao bazrobis dros gamoefinebodnen gareT da axlomaxlo soflebidan momaval glexebs xvdebodnen, rom kbili moesinjaT maTi frinvelisTvis da gadaewvitaT, Rirda Tu ara misi yidva da safesaxod Senaxva. siqaSres yovelTvis icavdnen, magram amjerad sagangebod usinjavdnen siciviT galurjebul frinvels kanis fers, frTebsa da kidurebs. orive xelSi daiWerdnen da zeviT-qveviT aTamaSebdnen, raTa safesaxod gankuTvnili batis, qaTmisa Tu indauris xmac gaegonaT, da raki sabolood darwmundebodnen maT vargisianobaSi, mxolod amis Semdeg Tu gadauxdidnen yinvisagan kbilebawakwakebul da moTminebidan gamosul glexs fuls. mas Semdeg, rac moimaragebdnen saklavs, SearCevdnen binis romelime myudro kuTxes, mouTbobdnen, ramdenadac es SeeZloT da Tadarigs iWerdnen maT gasasuqeblad. albaT arc erT Sinaur frinvels ar rgebia wilad esoden mefuri movla, kveba da mofereba, rogorsac es svebednieri frinvelebi iRebdnen fesaxis Semosvlamde. Tumca, umadurobas verc maT daswamebdiT, – yovel dilas Tbil-Tbili kvercxebiT ajildoebdnen mzrunvel patrons. ase gadioda dro da Tebervlis yvelaze civsa da qarbuqian TveSi dgeboda beSalaxis dResaswauli; surameli ebraelebi am dRes “korkotobasa” da “Svidferobas” eZaxdnen. ai, maSin ki iwyeboda sabeSalaxod Semonaxuli Cirisa da murabebis gamomzeureba! beSalaxis SabaT saRamos wyvili Tonis puris garda sufris SuaSi didi TefSiT idga korkotis fafa batis qonSi dabrawuli xaxviT. calke ki sagangebod stovebdnen cotaoden moxarSul xorbals, SabaT dilas moayridnen Saqars da, locvis gamobrZanebis Semdeg, bavSvebs gaatandnen ezoSi – es Citebs dauyareTo. mogexsenebaT, mkacri zamTris dadgomis win mxolod didsa da janmagar frinvelebs SeeZloT gadafrena Tbil qveynebSi; patara, umweo Citebi ki rCebodnen samSobloSi – an siciviTa da SimSiliT ixocebodnen an raRac saswaulebrivad Tu gadaurCebodnen kavkasiuri zamTris simkacres. ai, swored maT elodnen bavSvebi, uyvardaT am saxaliso seirSi monawileoba. TeTr qaTqaTa Tovlze lamazad mimoabnevdnen Saqarmoyrili moxarSuli xorblis marcvlebs da gulisfancqaliT elodnen Citis gamoCenas. siciviT iToSebodnen, magram adgilidan ar iZvrodnen da saxlSi ar Sediodnen vidre deda ar gamosZaxebdaT Tbili oTaxidan: “sanam ar moSordebiT mag adgils, Citebi ar moekarebian, SemodiT saxlSi da aqedan ucqireT!..” TiTo-orola Citi marTlac gamoCndeboda!.. fesaxis namdvili mzadeba anu “fxekikvira” furimis dResaswaulis gasvlis meore dRidanve iwyeboda. aravis egonos, rom es gamoTqma mxolod saxl-karisa da ezo-midamos fxeka-dasufTavebas niSnavda! – ara, megobrebo! – “fxekikvira” surameli ebraelisTvis wlis yvelaze gamorCeuli movlena iyo! imis Semdeg, rac safurimo mxiaruli aJiotaJi, tkbileuliT urTierTis mokiTxva da arcTu ise piruTvneli degustacia CaTavdeboda (kargi dedisSvili iyaviT da surameli ebraeli qalisTvis safurimo namcxvari ar SegeqoT!), iwyebdnen darCenili namcxvrisa da tkbileulis saguldagulod SefuTva–Senaxvas Tavdaxurul vedroebsa da qvabebSi “fxekikviris” mZime, gadatvirTuli dReebisTvis. es imitom, rom didi dasaqmebisa da mouclelobis, fizikuri daRlisa da gawamawiis dros saSualeba hqonodaT namcxvriT piri CaetkbarunebinaT da cota suli moeTqvaT. im weliswyvetis dReebSi furimidan SemorCenil namcxvarsa da tkbileuls gansakuTrebuli gemo da aromati hqonda. namcxvrebis dedoflad qiSmiSiani iTvleboda. amitom mas yvelaze prestiJulsa da Znelad misagneb adgils miuCendnen, mis Semdeg medidurad iwonebda Tavs mzisferi Saqarguliani, mixak-dariCinis damaTrobeli surneliT Sezavebuli Tafliani, gaRuebuli mezonoTi da, rasakvirvelia, gozinayi!.. suramSi Canaxati daRlili da araqaTgamoclili diasaxlisi gvian naSuadRevs erTi-ori wuTiT Caimuxlebda, garSemo Semoisxamda aseve gadaRlilsa da mSier qmar – Svils, saxeldaxelod daanayrebda im “xiawobis” drois Sesaferisad da bolos, sakompensaciod, yvelas saTiTaod Camourigebda namcxvars... oriod wuTis Semdeg ki kvlav SeuZaxebda – aba, SevvudgeT muSaobaso!.. ase grZeldeboda yoveldRe ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi fesaxis Semosvlamde. simarTle unda iTqvas, bavSvebs maincdamainc ar uyvardaT es periodi, xeli gveSleba TamaSSi da swavlaSio – Ciodnen. xandaxan mamakacebic CaibuzRunebdnen – rodis morCeba es aliaqoTio... yvela gulisfancqaliT eloda sanatrel dResaswauls... fesaxis dadgomamde ori-sami dRiT adre namcxvari mTavrdeboda da namcecebis ZebniTa da lokviT iklavdnen tkbileulis survils... Tanac dafesaxebul saxlSi “xameziT” Sesvla ukve akrZaluli hqondaT, aivanze anda ezoSi unda eWamaT. samagierod iwyeboda dauToeba–afardvis, (is ojaxi ojaxad ar iTvleboda, sadac Tujis mZime Savi uTo ar inaxeboda), safesaxo WurWlis sardafebidan amotanis, aRalis gakeTebis, saklavis movlis, “xaroseTisTvis” nigvzeulis darCevisa da “xamezis” akrefis ritualebi. ai, es ki yvelas uyvarda, radgan TvalnaTliv xedavdnen fesaxis moaxloebas – bolos da bolos yvelaferi Tavis adgilze dgeboda, fanjrebs TeTri, qaTqaTa, gaxamebul-gauToebuli fardebi amSvenebda, kedlebs – diasaxlisis madliani xeliT moqarguli fardagebi, magidebs – qalis namziTvi sufrebi; Tu qalis mama baqoSi vaWrobda, sufra xasxasa ferebiani pluSis iqneboda, Tu moskovSi – gamtkiculi sufTa bambisa, xolo Tu mama vaWari ar iyo, anda saerTod ar hyavda mama (omis Semdeg xom bevri oboli darCa!..), bebiis yvavilebiT moCiTul lamazfoCebian Tavsafarsac koxtad moargebda magidas. fesaxis Semomaval dilas ojaxis ufrosi mamakaci xamezis mokrefvasa da mis dawvas rom morCeboda, didi qvabiT Semodgamda jer kidev “fxekikviraSi” saguldagulod garecxil da gamomSral karTofils, raTa saRamomde ojaxis wevrebs saWmeli hqonodaT, Semdeg “Sifanerkidan” gamoiRebda Tavis saukeTeso tansacmels (xaTnobis kostumi), gadakidebda nikelis sawolis Tavze da ramdenjerme SeaTvalierebda, xom araferi miecxoo... saRamo xans kidev erTxel Camouvlida col-Svils, aba, Cems dabrunebamde fesaxis sufra sworad gaawyeT, araferi gamogrCeTo. mxolod amis Semdeg Caicvamda, daixuravda, win gaiZRolebda Tavis vaJiSvilebs da amayad Tavaweuli gaudgeboda locvis arcTu ise mokle gzas. Sinaganad uaRresad kmayofili da bednieri, madlobas swiravda did gamCens, rom saSualeba misca mas – Rarib suramel ebrael kacs, Rirseulad moewyo fesaxis agadis sufra – zustad ise, rogorc ToraSi weria... Semdeg ki, Tavis warmosaxvebSi CanTqmuli, Svilebs uyveboda egviptidan gamosvlis istorias... _ gveyofoda, Svilo, gveyofoda Cvena!.. izolda krixeli Tehilimi 114 1. ros israeli egviptelebs gamoerida da sxva xalxs - xalxi iayakobis, 2. gaxda iuda misi siwminde da israeli - miseuli sabrZanebeli. 3. ixila zRvam da ZrwolviT ukudga da iordane SiSneulad gare-miiqca. 4. erkemlebiviT rokvidnen mTani, xtodnen borcvebi TikanTa mgvanad. gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! 5. rad SekrTi, zRvao, risTvis ukudeq, Senc, iordanev, SiSneulad ratom gabrundi? 6. mTano, rad rokavT erkemlebiviT, rad xtiT, borcvebo, TikanTa mgvanad? 7. qveynierebav, atortmandi uflis winaSe iayakobis RmerTis winaSe! – 8. vinc pitalo klde gardasaxa nakadulebad, kaJi - wyaros wylad ganaTxiera. 9 semk Tvalsazrisi ebraeli xalxis ganTesvisa da ebrauli saTvistomoebis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi dgeba xolme erTi da igive kiTxva: rodis movidnen ebraelebi ama Tu im qveyanaSi? da am TvalsazrisiT, imisda miuxedavad, Tu romel TariRs miviRebT, - iqneba es Zveli welTaRricxvis merve-meqvse, Tu meore saukuneebi, - qarTlis ebraelTa Temi meore galuTis erT-erT uZveles Temad rCeba. TavisTavad es sainteresoa da am problemis irgvliv sakmaod bevric iTqva. amave dros, TiTqmis srulebiT Seuswavleli rCeboda sxva aranakleb saintereso da mniSvnelovani problema: ra politikur da administraciul viTarebaSi da ra daniSnulebiT Seiqmna ebraelTa Temebi qarTlis sxvadasxva qalaqSi. ram ganapiroba Temis adgili imdroindeli qarTlis sazogadoebaSi da axal saxelmwifoSi misi oficialuri socialuri statusi Temis (an ufro sworad – Temebis) arsebobis pirveli eqvsasi wlis ganmavlobaSi. israelidan tyved wamoyvanili ebraelebis met-naklebad msxvili dasaxlebebi SuamdinareTSi - da saerTod axlo aRmosavleTSi - pirvelad Zv. welTaRricxvis merve saukuneSi gaCnda asurelebis mier ierusalimis dapyrobis Sedegad. asurelebma maT binadrobis garkveuli farglebi miuCines da xarkic daades. rogorc ToraSia naTqvami, asurelebma israelebi midiis qalaqebSi da gozanis mdinareze daasaxles. ebraelebis meore talRa daxloebiT amave teritoriaze meeqvse saukunuSi, babilonis tyveobis dros daasaxles. am or talRas pirobiTad pirveli galuTi SeiZleba vuwodoT. amis Semdeg ebraelebi ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi jer asureT-babilonis saxelmwifoSi, mere ki, meeqvse saukunidan moyolebuli, iranis aqemenidur imperiaSi cxovrobdnen. es centralur xelisuflebaze damokidebuli, movale mosaxleoba iyo, romelsac TviTneburi gadasaxlebagadaadgilebis ufleba ar hqonda. ase gagrZelda Zv. w. meoTxe saukunemde, rodesac aleqsandre makedonelma aqemeniduri irani daamarcxa da axlo aRmosavleTSi Tavisi veeberTela imperia Seqmna. magram aleqsandre male (323 w.) gardaicvala - ise rom kanonieri memkvidre ar darCenia. male, meoTxe saukunis miwuruls, aleqsandres imperiis teritoriaze ramdenime e. w. elinisturi saxelmwifo Camoyalibda - kerZod, dRevandeli anatoliis dasavleT nawilSi, Savi zRvis mimdebare teritoriaze, pontos saxelmwifo gaCnda, axlo aRmosavleTis centralur raionebSi ki Seiqmna selevkidebis imperia, romelsac zogjer Zvel siriad ixsenieben. amave dros egvipteSi Camoyalibda ptolomeebis berZnul-egvipturi saxelmwifo, xolo aRmosavleTSi - kaspiis zRvis midamoebSi gaformda parTiis sparsuli saxelmwifo. Sesabamisad, Zveli ebrauli mosaxleoba sxvadasxva politikuri erTeulis sazRvrebSi aRmoCnda. yvela es saxelmwifo Tavisi teritoriis gafarToebas cdilobda da kol- onistebis rolSi xSirad ebraelebs vin Seaviwroos“. rogorc vxedavT, iyenebda. mefe ebraeli kolonistebis ekonomiase daiwyo meore galuTi. kur da sazogadoebriv mdgomareobas cnobilia, rom ukve mesame sauku- uzrunvelyofs da maT Tavis msaxureneSi selevkidebma dasavleTSi, ana- bad Tvlis. toliaSi axlad dapyrobil qveynebSi analogiurad ekidebodnen ebraul samocdaaTze meti ebrauli dasaxle- mosaxleobas egviptis elinisturi ba Seqmnes. es unda yofiliyo cen- xanis mpyrobelebic. ase mag., egviptraluri xelisuflebis sayrdeni tis pirvelma berZenma mefem, soterma punqtebi. zogjer ebraelebi calke, (323–322), SuamdinareTidan egvipteSi specialur punqtebSi saxldebodnen. bevri ebraeli wamoiyvana, zogi maTmagram ufro xSirad selevkidi mefee- gani Tavis jarSi Caricxa da sxvebTbi ebraelebs ukve arsebul qalaqebSi an SedarebiT ufro maRali xelfasi asaxlebdnen, sadac isini sakuTar ubdauniSna, zogs ki miwis nakveTebi nebad mkvidrdebodnen da aqdauriga da cixe– tiurad ebmebodnen axsimagreebali qveynis, Si gaanawila, axali qalaqraTa saxelmis sazogadoewifo sazRvrebriv-ekonomibi daecvaT da kur cxovrebaegvipteleSi, Tumca (cenbi SiSsa da traluri xemorCilebaSi lisuflebis nehyolodaT. barTviT) mTliZv. welanad inarCunebdTaRricxvis nen TavianTi remeoTxe saukuligiuri da Sinis bolos da dasaTemo cxovremesame saukubis avtonomias. nis dasawyismaT imis uflebac Si selevkidebhqondaT, rom fuli is mxardaWeriT daegrovebinaT Seiqmna qarTlis ierusalimis dasaxsamefo. rogorc mareblad. ebrael qarTuli matiane kolonistebs orgvauwyebs, mefe magi funqcia eki„farnavazi hmsrebodaT – ekonosaxurebda anmikuri da samxedro. tioqoss, mefmaTi mdgomareoba da esa asurasTanikeTildReoba mTlisa.’’ selevkideanad centralur xebis saxelmwifo lisuflebaze iyo xels uwyobda damokidebuli da, qarTlis sameSesabamisad, am xe- ebrauli saflavis qva (mcxeTa, me-4 s) fos ekonomilisuflebisadmi kur ganviTareerTgulebas mtbas da, sxva kiced da Tanmimdevrulad icavdnen. qveynebis msgavsad, iq ebrael kolelinisturi xelmwifeebis mier onistebs asaxlebda. umTavresad esebraelebis mimarT gatarebuli poli- eni iyvnen profesiuli xelosnebi tikis Taobaze niSandobliv cnobebs da vaWrebi, romelTac saerTaSoriSeicavs erT-erTi selevkidi mefis so vaWrobis gamocdileba hqondaT. - antioq mesamis (223–187) werili, am kolonistebs evalebodaT xelosromelic man Tavis moxeles gaugza- nobis, vaWrobis da fuladi brunvna: „Cven SevityveT, rom frigia- vis ganviTareba da, Sesabamisad, fusa da lidiaSi ajanyeba mzaddeboda, ladi gadasaxadebis uzrunvelyofa da gadavwyviteT im qveynebis cixe- rogorc adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, simagreebSi da saxifaTo adgileb- iseve, albaT, selevkidebis sasargeSi davasaxloT ebraelTa ori aTasi blod. yovel SemTxvevaSi, qarTlis ojaxi SuamdinareTidan da babiloni- mmarTvelobisaTvis es iyo fuladi dan. me darwmunebuli var, rom isini Semosavlis mudmivi wyaro. swored es Cveni interesebis erTguli damcvele- iyo ebraeli kolonistebis Casaxlebbi iqnebian. miT umetes, Cemi winapre- is mizani da maTi ZiriTadi sazogabisagan vici, rom yovelTvis erT- doebrivi funqcia, romelic Temis sagulni iyvnen da mxardaWeras gviwevd- Tanado socialuri statusiT iyo nen yvelgan, sadac es saWiro iyo. me ganpirobebuli. msurs davasaxlo isini am adgilebmarTlac, ebraelebi rom monaTmSi da amasTanave SevunarCuno ufle- flobelur saxelmwifoSi movidnen, ba, TavianTi kanonebiT icxovron. mi- ucxoelebi iyvnen, realuri fiziuCine maT sakarmidamo adgilebi da kuri Tavdacvis SesaZleblobas mokgamouyavi nakveTebi miwaTmoqmedebi- lebulni, da maTi damoneba adgilosaTvis da mevenaxeobisaTvis, da aTi brivi aristokratiisaTvis saxarbiewliT yvela gadasaxadisagan gaaTa- lo saqme unda yofiliyo. magram maT visufle. sanam TavianTi mindvrebis saxelmwifo da kanoni icavda. meore mosavals miiRebdnen, dauniSne maT mxriv, miwis sakuTrebis arqonisa da sarCo, rogorc Cems pirad mosamsaxu- religiuri sxvaobis gamo isini arc reebs. gasamrjelo uboZe yvelas, vinc mkvidr mosaxleobad iTvlebodnen. amaT raime daxmarebas gauwevs. erTi sxva eTnoreligiur TemebTan erTad sityviT, izrune, rom es xalxi ara- ebraelebic gansakuTrebul socialur kategorias - gerebis, an qarTulad msxemebis kategorias ekuTvnodnen. antikur qarTlSi uZvelesi, jer kidev Toridan cnobili gerobis anu msxemobis socialuri instituti rom moqmedebda, amas TviT dedaqalaqis mcxeTis saxeli mowmobs. armazis mopirdapire mtkvris marcxena napirze uZvelesi droidan ucxoeli msxemebis, xelosnebis da vaWrebis, sxvadasxva Temi cxovrobda da aqedan unda gamomdinareobdes qalaqis saxelic msxemT ubani, Semdeg ki msxemTa da mcxeTa. es iyo araqarTuli Temebis, maT Soris ebrauli Temis, koleqtiuri statusi, romelic Temis movaleobebsa da uflebebs gansazRvravda. aqedan naTelia, rom selevkidi mefeebis TaosnobiT da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis TanxmobiT qarTlSi Casaxlebuli ebraelebi ar iyvnen tyveebi an tyveobidan gamoqceuli uuflebo ltolvilebi - maT gansazRvruli ufleba–movaleoba hqondaT da sazogadoebriv organizmSi garkveuli adgili ekavaT. amas isic unda davumatoT, rom ebrauli Temis warmomadgenlebs sakmaod maRali adgili ekavaT qveynis kulturul cxovrebaSic. qarTuli anbanis Seqmnamde qarTlis samefoSi ori saliteraturo ena gamoiyeneboda - berZnuli da arameuli, - arameuli, romelic ebraeli mwignobrebisaTvis im dros faqtiurad dedaena iyo. arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom „ninos cxovreba’’ qarTvel ebraelTa erT-erT damaxasiaTebel saqmianobad swored mwignobrobas asaxelebs da „kodiswyaros mwerlebs’’ da „sobe-qanaanis (“sobis kananelni”) mTargmnelebs’’ ixseniebs. sakuTriv ebrauli qronologiuri tradiciis Tanaxmad, ebraelebi qarTlSi qveynis gaqristianebamde xuTas sami wliT adre movidnen. da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qristianoba qarTlis samefos oficialur religiad 337 w. gamocxadda, maSin Zv. welTaRricxvis meore saukunes miviRebT, an ufro zustad - 166 wels, rac mTlianad emTxveva selevkidi mefis antioq meoTxis (175–163) zeobas. msxem-gerebis mdgomareobaSi Tavisi ufleba–movaleobebiT qarTlis ebraelTa Temma eqvsasi weli gaatara. axali welTaRricxvis meoTxe-mexuTe saukuneebSi saxelmwifos qristianizaciisa da feodalizaciis Sedegad ebraelTa Temis mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad Seicvala... magram es ukve sxva saubris sagania. kote lerneri profesori redaqciisagan: saqarTveloSi ebraelTa pirveli dasaxlebis Sesaxeb ramdenime Tvalsazrisi arsebobs, maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia “qarTlis cxovrebis” versia, romlis mixedviTac ebraelebis pirveli nakadi Zveli welTaRricxvis 586 wels (pirveli taZris dangrevis Semdeg) moadga mcxeTas - saqarTvelos uZveles dedaqalaqs. b-n kote lerneri gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss gvTavazobs. sakiTxis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, redaqcia Txovs Sesabamisi dargis specialistebs, agreTve dainteresebul mkiTxvelebs, mogvawodon TavianTi gamoxmaurebebi. 10 moambe 12 aprili evropel ebraelTa katastrofis dRea. didi, Zalian didi msxverpli gaiRo Cvenma xalxma, vidre xelaxla moipovebda Tavis dakargul samSoblos. jerac ar SeSrobia sisxli buxenvaldisa da osvencimis sasaklaoebs, antisemituri bacila ki mainc cocxlobs. vidre amqveynad kidev gaismis iudofobebis kacTmoZule xma, kacobriobas simSvidis ufleba ara aqvs. eqvsi milioni adamianis udanaSaulod daRvrili sisxli dRemde mogvZaxis... gvaxsovdes! 1. babi iari - adgili kievis ganapira ubanSi, sadac 1941 evgeni evtuSenko wlis 29 seqtembers, qifuris dRes, babi iarze Zegli ara Cans, diax, es me var, da me miyvars: - wyalwyala frazebs faSistebma mSvidobiani ebraeli da RranteebSi Cagudul RarRils sjobs siyvarulis Relva da SfoTi. mosaxleobis arnaxuli sasaklao klde daswolia akldamasaviT, bnel sakanSi varT, atuzula bindi karebSi, moawyes. oficialuri monaceme magram iseTi - xsenebad ar Rirs... SevyurebT ZrwolviT da SecbunebiT, me meSinia: o, sadReisod ise Zvelia Cemi asaki, biT, im dRes daxvretilTa ricxvi viT xnovaneba ebrael xalxis. veRarc ciT vtkbebiT da verc bunebiT... 33771 kacs Seadgenda. omis Semdeg TiTqos marTla var Ze israelis mxolod alersi SegviZlia... Tumca alersi xelisufleba karga xans dumilsjulis erTguli da mimdevari, cotas ar niSnavs - damerwmunebiT. win mimiZRveba keTili Semwe iT uvlida gverds babi iaris rao?! - xma ismis? - ara uSavs - darabebia: da, rogorc Zveli iudeveli, tragedias [ebraeli mosaxleobis momxvie xeli! - ukve darbazebs davexetebi egvi ptis gzebze. ganadgurebas nacistebTan erTad akrTobs aprilis mze mobarbace... xan meCveneba - dreifusi var, adgilobrivi policiac moTaveo da Cemi mowme da mabezRari karebs gvimtvreven? - araferia: meSCanobaa... gamovaRwev? - RmerTma inebos!.. bda] da daxocilTa samarxebze albaT yinuli dacurda tbaze... jer ki utifrad maxvevia brbo sazizRari sportul-gamajansaRebeli kom... babi iarze Srialebs moli ase uRmerTod Tavlafdasxmuls da Seginebuls. da - flateebiT gadaferdili pleqsis mSeneblobiTa Tu sxva me Sen getyvi da, bediswera amas makmarebs, xeebi dganan uTqmeli risxviT cinikuri xerxebiT cdilobda axia Cemze: Rirsi var, Rirsi! da TiTqos vamCnev - wuTi-wuTze rogor vberdebi aSrialeben mandilosnebi Tvali aexvia msoflio sazogabriuseluri kabis maqmanebs im drois eldiT, - tkivilebis im welTaRricxviT. doebriobisaTvis - vidre erT da qolgis wvetebs mirtyamen cxvirSi. mec tkivili var, gaqvavebul kivilad vdgavar dRes mSenebare obieqti ar CamTiTqos wamiWers yelSi Toki da aTaseulTa aTasi wyevliT oiqca da mSeneblebi Tan ar Caitakvlav imdroindel cremlebs mogitan, da SeCvenebiT guldakodili: - o, istoriav, gepatios es umsgavsoba: na. evtuSenkos leqsi 1961 wels gminva var, gminva, ganwiruli bavSvebis xma var dRemde momtiris sisxliani belostokidan gamoqveynda. publikacias farTo da daxvretili bebris xrotini. beddavsebuli Cemi bavSvoba... saerTaSoriso gamoxmaureba ielvebs dana, daxlidari myisve idroebs, gaduvlis ferfli damwvar keriebs vuyureb sisxlis uRmerTo livlivs mohyva, ramac mmarTveli partiuda locvasaviT aRuvlens mermiss, da Jruanteli ZarRvebSi mivlis, li elitis, metadre ki xruSCovis, rom maSindeli cecxlis geniebs aryis orTqli nTqavs galeqebul samikitnoebs, guliswyroma gamoiwvia. leqkvlav guliscema moixseniebs yars oxSivari xaxvis da nivris... da Setokeba yoveli nervis... sis musikaluri versia, romelic da isev buri, qarboria da buruseTi loTbazara brbo mtvrian furgons moaxriginebs: de, moiSalos istoriam uRvTo braldeba, dimitri SostakoviCma Seqmna [me‘’- dascxe uriebs, iquxos ‘’internacionalma’’, 13 simfonia], pirveli Sesrulebis daixseni deda-ruseTi!’’ – xmam Searyios ca da zeniti, Semdeg [1962 w.] karga xans aRar Rmuis viRac da dediCemis mandils miginebs.... roca amqveynad dasamardeba aJRerebula. miuxedavad amisa,qies me var, me var - ana franki: mogZaxi, modi!.. ukanaskneli antisemiti... var gamWvirvale da molivlive, furis dReebSi ukrainis ebraelTargmna jemal ajiaSvilma rogorc aprilSi alublis toti... oba mainc ikribeboda babi iarTan da erTdRiani SimSiliT, rogorc amas tradicia moiTxovs, daxau... mwvaneSi Cafluli sikvdilis qalaqi... da sulis mosaxsenebeli locvebilikebad qceuli qvafenilebi gvauwyeben ramdeni aTasi kacia Zmur saflavSi Camarxuli... biT pativs miagebda daxocilTa mivyvebi bilikebs da viTvli... xsovnas. maT kvaldakval, ameriCems gverdiT xanSiSesuli israeli wyvili cremlebs ver ikavebs: - mTeli Cemi ojaxi am dawyevlil banakSi amowyvites, marto me da Cemi da gadavrCiT. – meubneba israeli mamakaci kis ebraeloba gaerTianebuli da mZimed idebs xels mkerdze. – Svilo, Sen verasodes mixvdebi ra saSinelebaa CemTvis am dasaqcev adgilas yofna, magram erebis SenobasTan marTavda erTxel xom mainc unda Camovsuliyavi... Sesabamis aqciebs.1991 wels, babi raRac pastoraluri siCumea, asobiT turisti aTvalierebs am sikvdilis banaks da cdilobs dumiliT gamoxatos Tavisi gancdebi. iaris tragediis 50-e wlisTavze, sqelZiriani sportuli fexsacmelebiT davabijeb moxreSil bilikebze, saSinel tkivils vgrZnob... genocidis msxverplTa saerTaTurme am bilikebze fexSiSvela arbeninebdnen ConCxadqceul qalebsa da bavSvebs... Soriso xsovnis dReebSi,ukrainis xeliskankaliT vexebi samuzeumo eqsponatebad qceul rkinis gisosebs, xis barakebis sulisSemxuTveli suni guls miRonebs da vcdilob swrafad Cavuaro “sawolebad” wodebul sarTulebian yuTebs... saxelmwifos imJamindelma meTaugafarToebuli TvalebiT vumzer sawamebel iaraRebs da yurSi bundovnad Camesmis raRac Soreuli, araadamianuri, rma leonid kravCukma samZimari ganwiruli kivili... gamoTqva msoflio ebraelobis aqeT-iqidan ismis fotoaparatebis Cxakuni... sikvdili mimzers ConCxadqceul bavSvTa Tvalebidan... mimarT da Tavisi xalxis saxeliT xis kedelze Camokidebul suraTze mwkrivSi dganan ukanasknel gzaze mkerdze eqvsqimian varskvlavmibneuli nawamebi saqveynod moixada bodiSi im ebraelebi, romelTa danaSaulic mxolod is iyo, rom ebraelebad daibadnen. uneburad xels videb kiserze Camokidebul “magen davidze”. Semzaravi danaSaulisaTvis, 1941 aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxlisa da sikvdilis istorias mogviTxroben xis dafebze Camwkrivebuli wlis seqtemberSi mis miwaze rom suraTebi... datrialda. aqvea israelis kuTxec... TiTqos aq mosul yovel adamians Tavisi ukanaskneli vali mouxdiao amaod wamebulTa winaSe. 2. alfred dreifusi - saoTaxi savsea israelis delegaciebis mier simbolurad motanili transparantebiT, droSebiT, samkerde niSnebiTa frangeTis armiis oficeri, da almebiT... romelsac Tavisi ebrauli warezoSi qvis damrec svetzea aRmarTuli “menora”, israelis saxelmwifos arsebobis simbolo... iqve cocxali yvavilebis Taigulad qceula magen davidamokveTili Savi marmarilos obeliski... momavlobis gamo saxelmwifos mikvnesis guli, Tvalze cremli TavisiT poulobs gzas. Ralati daswames [e. w. dreifusis erTxel kidev vaCxakuneb fotoaparats, minda dapirebad waviRo Cems mravaltanjul miwis SvilebTan Zeglad aRsaqme - 1894 w.]. emil zolam wermarTul kedelze mraval enaze amotvifruli anderZi: “es aRarasodes ganmeordeba!” iliT - ‘’me brals vdeb’’ - sastikad daxau... gailaSqra am samarcxvino sasarogor, rogor menatreba aqedan Cemi tanjuli, magram mainc amayi, Zlieri da mxargaSlili israeli...… marTlo procesis winaaRmdeg. b a b i i a r i es aRarasodes ganmeordeba cisana biniaSvili gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! 11 semk uflis sanTeli adamianis sulia ieruSalaimi. ‘’”iad va Sem’ [(xsovna da saxeli)] _ meore msoflio omSi daRupulTa xsovnis muzeumi. Eeqvsi milioni ebraeli Seiwira am omma, eqvsi milioni _ msoflio ebraelobis TiTqmis naxevari. am mxriv, evropis sxva qveynebTan erTad, didi msxverpli gaiRo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris ebraelobamac, magram amaze laparaks bolSevikuri diqtaturis qveyanaSi ratomRac gverds uvlidnen. [erTi yvelaze sando wyaroTagani, e. w. ‘’Savi wigni,’’ Sedgenili v. grosmanisa da i. erenburgis redaqciiT, 1948 wels, ukve sastambod gamzadebuli, aikrZala da rodis-rodis _ mxolod 80ian wlebSi eRirsa dRis sinaTles israelSi]... eqvsi milioni daRupulidan milionnaxevari bavSvia. maT saxelze muzeumSi erTaderTi sanTeli anTia [‘’(uflis sanTeli adamianis sulia’ _ bibliur igavTa es sityvebi zed muzeumis karibWezea amotvifruli]), romelic milionnaxevar varskvlavad nawevrdeba veeba Senobis mosarkul tixrebSi da muzeumSi Sesvlisas iseTi STabeWdileba geqmneba, TiTqos Ria kosmosSi imyofebode. marTlacda, gamaognebelia am varskvlavebiT mogvrili STabeWdileba. cimcimeben varskvlavebi usasrulo sivrceSi da ucxo, Soreuli xma CurCuliT imeorebs im bavSvTa saxelebs, romelTa sulebi varskvlavebs Serwymia: Ffani friSmani _ 8 wlis debora laskeri _ 5 wlis ana franki _13 wlis... muzeumSi misasvlelad xeivans unda auyveT, romlis orive mxares moSriale xeebia Camwkrivebuli, _ es im araebraelTa saxelzea darguli ([‘’ xasidei umoT-ha-yolam’’ _ msoflios xalxTa wmindanebi]), romelTa RvawliT araerTi ebraeli gadaurCa sikvdils. Yyovel xes konkretuli kacis saxeli hqvia. aqvea navi, romliTac romeliRac danielma meTevzem erT RameSi aTobiT ebraeli gadaiyvana mdinaris gaRma napirze da nacistebisgan okupirebuli qalaqidan gaxizna. orkviranaxevris ganmavlobaSi rva aTasamde ebraeli gadaurCeniaT ase Ddaniel meTevzeebs. faSistebma 1943 wels mainc moaxerxers xuTasamde ebraelis datyveveba, romelTagan zog-zogebi saswauliT gadaurCen Turme sikvdils da, omis damTavrebisas daniaSi rom dabrundnen, mTeli TavianTi qoneba da sakarmidamo xeluxlebeli daxvedriaT. , . muzeumSive Segaxseneben erT, amJamad ukve legendad qceul ambavs: roca germanelebma daniaSi saomari moqmedeba gamoacxades, adgilobriv xelisuflebas mosTxoves, mTeli qalaqis ebraeli mosaxleoba centralur moedanze gamosuliyo. yvelam icoda, rasac niSnavda aseTi moTxovna. meore dRes, dilaadrian, moedanze pirvelebi Turme daniis mefe da dedofali gamocxaddnen, romelTac mkerdze ebrauli eqvsqimiani varskvlavi [‘’magen david’’ _ daviTis fari] ekeTaT... * Cvens xelTaa dokumenti, romelic, vfiqrob, daainteresebs mkiTxvels: parizi, 16 oqtomberi, 1944 w. baton Jordanias _ saqarTvelos respublikis prezidents batono prezidento! batonma ioseb eligulaSvilma macnoba im didsulovani Tanadgomis ambavi, rac Tqven gauwieT Tqvens Tanamemamule ebraelebs. Tqveni uangaro mecadineobiT, safrangeTis oTxwliani okupaciis dros maT ar SexebiaT rasistuli reJimis susxi. CemTvis cnobilia is didi madliereba, rasac Tqveni Tanamemamule ebraelebi gamoxataven Tqvens mimarT. Tavs movaled vracx, parizis ebrauli Temis saxeliT, gadmogceT madlobis sityvebi da gagiziaroT im giliTadi grZnobebi, rasac Cven ganvicdiT Tqveni keTilSobilebisa da samarTlianobis gamo. darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, batono prezidento, Tqvendami Cems gulwrfel pativiscemaSi.’’ dokuments xels awers parizis mTavari rabini Jakob kaplani * kidev erTi faqti, romlis gaxseneba, albaT, swored am konteqstSia upriani: 1“ 938 wels, 9 noembers, moxda ebraelTa masobrivi darbeva, romelic cnobilia “brolis Ramis” saxelwodebiT (quCebSi mofenili SuSis namsxvrevebis gamo). im Rames daiRupa 92 ebraeli, mTel germaniaSi gadabuges sinagogebi, 7000-mde maRazia da duqani daangries da gadawves, 30000-ze meti ebraeli daapatimres da sakoncentracio banakebSi gagzavnes...” (amonaweri ruT semuelsis wignidan “ebraelTa istoriis gzebze”). TiTqos am ambavs mainc unda gamoefxizlebina Zlierni ama qveynisani, magram maSin – im jojoxeTur codvis trialSi - viRas axsovda adamianTa keTili neba; irgvliv Zaladoba batonobda, CaxSuli iyo sindisis xma (aki hitleric cinikurad acxadebda – sindisi wminda ebrauli warmonaqmniao). a“ maod vagzavnidi sagangaSo werilebs prezidentebTan da premierministrebTan, amaod varisxebdi zarebs, qveynebi da saxelmwifoebi ver davajere mosalodneli katastrofis gardauvalobaSi -” gulmokluli ityvis 1993 wels aTenis erT-erT Sekrebaze 80 wels gadacilebuli gerhart rigneri - legendaruli moxuci, msoflio ebrauli kongresis erT-erTi TanaTavmjdomare. magram alag-alag mainc ar eZina adamianTa sindiss, patiosani da marTali goni yurs ugdebda daavadebuli msoflios majiscemas da, TiTqos moZaladeTa niSnis mosagebad, TanagrZnobisa da mxardaWeris xmas aSvelebda sasikvdilod ganwirul ebraelobas. “brolis Ramidan” sul raRac oci dRis Semdeg, 1938 wlis dekemberSi, umZimesi sabWouri ideologiuri wnexis pirobebSi, saqarTveloSi qveyndeba leqsi, romelsac xels awers ukeTilSobilesi qarTveli poeti aleqsandre abaSeli: ero devnilo, Zvelo israel, ‘’pirvel mcnebaTa’’ kanonmdebelo! sinas mTis elvis mogaqvs isari, TviT ‘’dabadebis’’ dambadebelo! Sens mier Seqmnil RmerTs utoldebi, Seni golgoTac misi sworia, Seni cremliT da mware godebiTY amovsebuli sduRs istoria.KU sakuTar saxlis Zleuli mcveli inaxav keris did wyurvils axlac, mterma wagarTva samSoblo Zveli, magram Sen xedav samSoblos axals... vimeoreb - es aris 1938 weli, “axali samSoblos” Seqmnamde jer kidev aTi welia darCenili. samSoblo ki ara, ebraelobis, rogorc eris, yofnaaryofnis sakiTxi sasworzea Segdebuli. rogorc ityvian, komentarebi zedmetia... fragmentebi j. ajiaSvilis wignidan gamoiRviZe, qnaro kompiuterze muSaobis swavlebis kursi ufasod kompiuterisa da internetis gacnoba aTviseba kursis mizania: 1. kompiuteris agebulebisa da amuSavebis ZiriTadi principebis gacnoba. 2. internetis xmareba, informaciis moZebna da eleqtronuli fosta. 3. nebismier veb-saitSi Sesvla da mTavrobis portalis GOV.IL upiratesoba. kursi gankuTvnilia 30 wlis asaks gadacilebuli qalebisa da kacebisaTvis aucilebelia wera-kiTxvis codna ivriTze kursi gaixsneba israelis damoukideblobis dRis Semdeg, qalaqebSi: or-iehuda, ramla da beer-Seva kursze swavla iwarmoebs oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, kviraSi erTxel, saRamos saaTebSi. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba 2 saaTi. kursi subsidirebulia kongresisa da lahavis centris mier. kursze swavlis msurvelebs SeuZliaT mimarTon proeqtis xelmZRvanels q-n rina dvirs tel: 054-6663080 an kongresis ofisSi tel: 03-6204557, faqsi: 03-6204573 12 moambe mxatvari cisana janaSvili m a r t o s u l o b i s "Tu ikargeba xsovna, ikargeba warsuli, ikargeba identuroba, ikargeba kultura, vikargebiT Cven!" rusi poeti, Semdgom _ cnobili mwerali da Jurnalisti ilia erenburgi, mTeli aTi weli parizis bohemur vnebaTRelvaSi daZirvis Semdeg, samSobloSi brundeboda swored tfilis-qalaqze gavliT... arada, marTla ra erTnairad airekla maSin parizic da tfilisic proletaruli amboxis grioTar sefiaSvili galgadavlil rusuli inteligenciis bediRbalze _ misi Znelbedobis, yofna-aryofnis Jams! istoriuli sinamd“""me arc pirveli var da, albaT, vilis TviTmxilveli mwerali grigol arc ukanaskneli, vinc Salom korobaqiZe igonebda: `tfilisi ucnauri boSvilze saubrisas ixsenebs Seuqalaqia, xolo 1919-1920 wlebSi kidev darebel firosmans. firosmanic da koboSvilic, ufro aucnaurda. gamorekili Tu gamobajaRlo oqros zodiviT TviT- qceuli rusebi Tavs aq afarebden... vin nabadi unikaluri talantebi ar iyo maSin tfilisSi?.. scenidan gaarian. ismoda kaCalovis xma (`samxatvro Teatfirosmanze arcTu cotaa ri~ aq iyo)... kompozitori n. Cerepnin Tqmuli. koboSvilze ki, TiTqmis kafeSi mTvrali naRvlobda ruseTze... araferi an - umniSvnelod cota. mxatvari iuri sudeikin restorans rac Seexeba biografias, arc xatavda, romelsac qarTvelma poerTi maTganis - arc firosmanis, etebma `qimerioni~ daarqves... mxatarca koboSvilis namdvili biografia ar gagvaCnia, arc maTi var savelii sorins qarTvel yelmoRcxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis san- erebul Tavadis asulebis profilebi tiloze gadahqonda `lamazi _ metad do aRweriloba mogvepoveba. ar mofrTxilebian maT nakva- lamazi~ xazebiT... dramatugi da Tealevs Tavis droze, ar Semounax- trali n. evroimov aqac `Teatrs TavavT, ar daufasebiaT Rirseulad, isTvis~ sTxzavda... futuristebmac aq xolo roca gamoerkvnen, gvianRa gadadges nabiji dadaizmisaken... tfiiyo. lisSive iyo ilia zdaneviCi (firosSalom koboSvili is fexmanis erT-erTi pirveli aRmomCeni da bednieri mekvlea, vinc qarTvapologeti. o.s.)... vasili kamenskic el ebraelTa kulturaSi saTave daudo saxviT xelovnebas. is ewvia maSin tfiliss... tfilisi gaxRirseulad moixsenieba pirvel da poetebis qalaqi. kafe `internacionalSi~ igi kidec gamoacxades poetqarTvel ebrael mxatvrad. grigol robaqiZe: "xedav firo- ebis qalaqad. kidev meti: gaiZaxodnen smans da gjera saqarTvelo!" _ poezia marto tfilisSiao... qveyana Cvenc: vxedavT Salom ko- marTla iqceoda _ da mxolod tfilboSvils da gvjera qarTveli isi iyo erTad erTi qalaqi, romelic ebraeloba!" am `qcevas~ poeturi mReriT xvdeboda es sityvebi amoRebulia Salva ko_ (udardelobiT xom ar aixsneba, aRboSvilze dawerili vrceli wignidan, mosavluriT Tu qarTuliT?)~... sxvaTaromelze muSaobac axlaxan daasrula niu-iorkSi mcxovrebma Cvenma Taname- Soris, mere poeti tician tabiZec igmamulem, cnobilma kinokritikosma da onebda, _ imxanad evropaSi myof ivan eseisti oTar sefiaSvilma. vbeWdavT bunins rom unatria: `netav axla tfilerT-erT Tavs dasaxelebuli wignidan. isSi damsvao~... ...da am `aucnaurebul~ tfilisSi, maSindel golovinis prospeqtze kamara meaTe `me davxate adamiani. SemTxveviT Semoyril poet osip mansulic unda mivaxato?~ delStams gaucvnia ilia erenburrobert sTivensoni niadag aziiT sunTqavdao tfil- gisTvis qarTveli kolegebi _ tician isi, Tvali ki evropisken, metadre _ tabiZe da paolo iaSvili. swored es parizze eWira mudam. erTxel firos- tragikuli bedis yvelaze naRdi `cismanisTvisac rom uTqvamT: axla Seni feryanwelebi~ maspinZlobdnen erennaxatebi tfilisgareT da ufro Sor- burgs da xSirad daatarebdnen Turme sac kia cnobilio, mxatvars miamitad im Rvinis sardafebsa da duqan-saukiTxavs Turme: _ parizSi Tu micnobs mikitnoebSi, romelTa kedlebzec moulodnelobiTa da Cumi, `kriniT Tqmuli vinme?.. saocari ki is aris, albaT, rom tfilisuri motivebiT~ Tval-guls bevrs _ parizis siyvarulSi Camwvars, itacebdnen firosmanis naxatebi. im dros tician tabiZes jerac ar verc tfilisis rux-moiasamnisfro aTinaTis xibli auridebia. Tqmula: hqonda dawerili monografia firoparizSi wasulic dRevandelobad ix- smanze. mxolod eqvsi wlis Semdeg ilebao. me ki mgonia, oden parizSi ara, ityvis igi Zveltfilisel duqandareb_ asevea tfilisSic. masac pariziviT sa da siraj-mikitnebze: isini iyvnen, Cumi, sevdanarevi Rimili sCvevia; aqac `mediCebis gaafTrebiT rom icavdiseTive idumali da keTili gamoxed- nen~ nikalas suraTebso. cota mogviva aqvT quCebs, saxlebs, xeebs; iseTive anebiT ki, ruseTSi gamova ilia erenTvalebiT iyurebian qaliSvilebi, po- burgis mogzaurobis narkvevTa wigni etebi, mxatvrebi... iqneb amitomaa, axla _ `TeTri naxSiri anu verTeris cremrom vixseneb erT Cveulebriv ambavs, lebi~, romelSic msoflio ferwerul igi amRvreuli drois qarmotanilad qmnilebebze TvalgawrTvnili avtoki ara, bedad, aucdenel yismaTad ufro ri ganacxadebs: `tfilisis tavernebi meCveneba: 1920-Si, imxanad axalgazrda firosmanis moxatulia. aq ar icnoben gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! am mxatvars, romelic aafeTqebda abstraqtul parizs~. da dRemde ver amixsnia _ ase ratom damCenia guls es sityvebi? ra iyo igi _ winaTgrZnoba, gumaniT Caxvdoma Tu naTelxilva imisa, rasac sinamdvileSi axdoma ewera?!.. TumcaRa, manmade lamis naxevari saukunis gzaa savali. arada, maSin, 1920-Si, axalgazrda mwerali ukve Tvalxmierad Wvretda Turme Camomdgari drois avznianobas, rom warsulis kvalis aRgvis ugunuri wadili da ngreviT gaxeleba aryofnaSi CaZiravs mraval ganumeorebel faseulobas, maT Soris _ firosmanis mier moxatul tfilisis koloritul duqnebsa da Rvinis sardafebsac, romelTa kedlebic veRar Seinaxaven ukve saRebavCamoqerclil freskebs da ver daamowmebdnen maTi xelmqmnelis genias. is ki Semdeg _ gvian iqneba, sakvirveli ZaliT rom gacxaddeba muSambebze da fertiloebze gamoxmobili xilvebi saxalxo mxatvrisa, da dabrundeba nikala, rogorc miTi, rogorc igavi. da axdeba ilia erenburgis winaTgrZnoba Tu naTelxilvac, roca 1969 wlis gazafxulze parizis luvrSi gaixsneba firosmanis personaluri gamofena. da axla, roca daveZeb im dReTa movlenebis dasturs _ utyuar dokumentebs, gamogitydebiT, dabneuli da Semcbaric ki var: rom maSin, 1969-Si, Turme, araferi Tqmula sagulisxmo da Rirseuli da arc dabeWdila qarTul Jurnal-gazeTebSi firosmanis parizuli gamofenis gamo (cxadia, vgulisxmob TviTmxilvelTa da uSualo mowmeTa erovnuli gvardiis sapatio yarauli gaSiSvlebuli xmlebiT. me SemZra am moulodnelobam! xom verasodes warmoidgenda niko firosmanaSvili, rom gardacvalebidan ormociode wlis Semdeg mis Semoqmedebas aseTi triumfiT Sexvdeboda msoflio kulturis erT-erTi centri _ parizi?!..~ igi daasaxelebs im dRes luvrSi misul firosmanis niWis Tayvanismcemlebs, ZiriTadad _ franguli kulturuli elitis warmomadgenlebs da iqve, TiTqos gakvriT, aRniSnavs: `aRelvebuli idgnen parzeli qarTvelebi, maT Soris mxatvrebi _ vera faRava da feliqs varlamiSvili~. _ magram sxvani? xom ueWvelia, rom sxvac araerTi iqneboda iq qarTuli diasporidan, magram im dros CvenSi `miRebuli ar iyo~ maTi xseneba. arada, ra saintereso da faseuli iqneboda CvenTvis dRes im adamianTa mRelvare, erovnuli siamayiT aRbeWdili saxeebis `cocxlad~ xilva kino Tu teleekranze! magram samwuxarod _ arc gamofenis moTaveebs, arc saqarTvelos delegacias _ ar gaxsenebiaT qarTuli kulturis istoriisaTvis am mniSvnelovani movlenis kinofirze aRbeWvdis aucilebloba. gvian ki, mwerali-dramaturgi da kinodokumentalisti rezo TabukaSvili ityvis dananebiT Tavis film `franguli dRiuris furclebSi~: `Cvenda samarcxvinod, firosmanis parizul gamofenaze arc erTi kinokadri ar gadaRebula!..~ da isev nikalasa da Salomis uiRblobis faqtebis Tanxvdoma; arc koboSvilis pirvel gamofenaze, 1940_Si, gadaRebula (kinokadrebs vin Civis!) Tbilisi me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi met-naklebad vrcel korespodenciebs an werilebs, Torem ra saTvalavSi Casagdebia `sakdesis~ erTi `usisxlxorco~ kenti depeSa!)... da mxolod lamis ori aTeuli wlis Semdeg, 1987-Si, saqarTvelos mxatvarTa XI yrilobaze gaixsenebs Tavis gamosvlaSi mxatvari zurab leJava parizis luvrSi firosmanis gamofenis gaxsnas: `Cvens Tvalwin saocari sanaxaoba gadaiSala: luvrSi meore sarTulze amaval marmarilos orfrTiani kibis safexurebze idga napoleonisdroindel dragunTa ulamazes formaSi gamowyobili safrangeTis erTi ubralo qronikaluri fotosuraTic ki da arc romelime gazeTSi gamoqveynebula mis Sesaxeb raime, Tundac `orsityviani~ informacia, romliTac gvecodineboda, Tu vin mivida maSin ebraelTa muzeumSi xalxuri mxatvris vernisaJis gaxsnaze; iyvnen Tu ara maT Soris qarTveli mxatvrebi, mwerlebi, mecnierebi? an _ ra iTqva pirveli qarTveli ebraeli mxatvris Semoqmedebis gamo? samwuxarod, im informaciaSi, romelic erTvis ilia papisimedovis narkvevs Salom koboSvilze (1940), konkretuli pasuxi ar aris gace- 13 semk n a T e l - C r d i l i muli am SekiTxvebze. imJamad qarTvel ebraelobaSi profesionali xelovnebaTmcodne aravin iyo. amitomac Zalze dasanania, rom swavlul-eTnograf gercel CaCaSvils, _ Tundac gadasaxlebidan dabrunebis Semdeg, an gvianac ki, _ mecnierebaTa doqtors, sityva ar dauZravs da eTnografis TvaliT mainc ar ganuxilia Tanatomeli xalxuri mxatvris memkvidreoba. albaT amitomac meCveneba raRac Suqis gaelvebad, namdvil yismaTad Salomis uiRblobaSi, rom 1949-Si kvlav Camova TbilisSi ilia erenburgi da amjerad ukve Tavad Seveyrebi sruliad SemTxveviT mas _ saqarTvelos ebraelTa muzeumSi mosuls _ da CamrCeba xsovnaSi uSualod axalcixeli ebraeli vaWari. mxatvari Salva koboSvili aluri msgavsebis mtkicebisaTvis martoden emociebi ar kmara, mTavaria sawyisebi, sulieri Zirebi. firosmani ufro stiqiaa, masSi Warbobs gzneba, gancda, an _ Tu gnebavT _ Tavdaviwyebac da mis xilvebSi TiTqos naklebad udevs wili fiqrsa da gansjas. is ferTa jadoTi Sepyrobili artistia, weliwadis droTa bunebriv cvlasaviT mosalodnelic da, imavdroulad, moulodneli da Znelad asaxsnelic. firosmani TiTqos dasabamidanve ganzogadebul mxatvrul saxeebad aRiqvams konkretul naturas... koboSvili ki, ver vityvi _ bolomde racionaluria-meTqi, magram masSi aSkarad Tavs iCens sakuTari erovnuli geni _ fiqrs ver ir- axalcixeli qali. mxatvari Salva koboSvili qaTmis dakvla “qafaroTisTvis.” mxatvari Salva koboSvili mosmenili misi naTqvami koboSvilis suraTebis gamo. maxsovs: ukve amTavrebda gamofenis daTvalierebas ilia erenburgi, roca koboSvilis suraTebTan aRmoCnda. TiTqos misTvis bunebriv stiqiaSi moxvdao, uceb aenTo: `kargia, rom es naxatebi eqponatebSi ar gaTqvefila calke ilustraciebad, _ Tqva man. _ igi axali, moulodneli samyaroa CemTvis, oRond ar vici, ramdenad Seefereba da gamarTlebulia, _ Tqven rom aRniSnavT, koboSvils `qarTvel ebraelTa firosmans~ uZaxdneno. me mgonia, re- idebs, verc Tandayolil xsovnas, da mudam cdilobs saTqmelis ara ganzogadebulad, aramed konkretul detalebSi gamoxatvas. me amas naturalizms ar vuwodeb, es _ ufro _ gancdilis da naazrevis marTlad gadmoRvris cda da wadilia... gaocebuli var am suraTebSi ebraelTa sacxovrisebis, yofiTi sagnebis, metadre _ kostiumebis araCveulebrivad zusti warmosaxviT. es xom namdvili ganZia eTnografebisa da Cacmulobis istorokosebisTvis. da ara marto maTTvis. me am naxatebSi naTlad davinaxe is gansxvave- ba da Tavisebureba yofiTi garemos da adamianTa ierisa, rac ase damaxasiaTebeli yofila saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mosaxle ebraelTa TemebisaTvis (es cxadliv dasturdeba muzeumis materialuri eqponatebiT da dokumenturi fotoilustraciebiTac). raRa Tqma unda, es yovelive Tavad ama Tu im kuTxis mkvidr eTnosTan xangrZlivi TanacxovrebiT ganpirobebuli Taviseburebebia da sulac ar hgavs, vTqvaT, Zveli, pirvel msoflio omamdel ruseTis ebraelTa Ratak `mesteCkur~ yoveldRiurobas, arc evropel aSkenazTa Temebis ganumeorebel sinamdviles, romelTa TviTmyofi erovnuli kultura, samwuxarod, mTlianad Caiferfla nacisturi vandalizmisa da arnaxulad sastiki omis qarcecxlSi... ra cocxlad da moxdenilad gadmoscems koboSvili TanatomelTa gamorCeuli ieriT Cawerilobas patara, provinciuli qalaqis mdore dinamikaSi. amis sailustraciod es ori suraTic ikmarebda _ `bazari axalcixeSi~ da `mdidari ebraelis coli midis abanoSi~... zog suraTSi ki, me ebraelTa damaxasiaTebeli TviTironiac meniSna... da mainc, gansakuTrebiT moxibluli var `axalcixel ebrael qalTa CacmulobaSi~ koboSvilis mier danaxul qarTuli da aRmosavluri elementebis sinTeziT, _ Tqva da iqve ikiTxa xazgasmuli cnobiswadiliT: _ sxvaTaSoris, qarTveli ebraelebi, kerZod _ axalcixelebi, uSualod babilonidan misuli xom ar ariano?~ Semdeg ki, gvian, gavige, rom igi Turme sakuTari siriuli warmomavlobis Zirebs eZebda mudam. ar vici, ar maxsovs _ muzeumis `STabeWdilebaTa wignSi~ ra Cawera, anda, saerTod, dastova Tu ara raime Canaweri. verc imas vityvi dabejidebiT _ misi sityvebi stenografiuli sizustiT momyavs-meTqi (mas Semdeg didi dro gamoxda). magram cincxali ymawviluri cnobiswadiliT xsovnaSi aRbeWdili misi maSindeli zogi gamonaTqvamisa da azris sworad gadmocemaSi eWvi ar mepareba. ...da isev vubrundebi 60-ian wlebs. igi oden `vefxistyaosnis~ 800 wlis iubiliT, an imxanad ierusalimis qarTvelTa jvris monasterSi gadaRebuli rusTavelis freskis fotoaslis CamotaniT ar darCenila Cemi Taobis xsovnaSi. ukve igrZnoboda `ottepelis~ sunTqva, TumcaRa, samwuxarod, mas ar dastyobia wina wlebidan gamoyolili saxelmwifo antisemitizmis susxis moduneba. albaT amitom iyo, rom maSin arc saqarTvelos ebraelTa muzeumis aRdgenaze ufiqria vinme mavans, arc Salom koboSvilis naxatebis Caketili sacavidan gamotanaze da maT sajaro gamofenaze... erTgvari Zvrebi ki, uTuod, xdeboda, metadre _ mwerlobasa da saxviT xelovnebaSi. ilandeboda axali drois niSnebi _ `gamougonebeli~, `SeuTxzavi~ cxovrebis, misi `Sinagani poeziis~ danaxvisaken swrafva. ibadeboda `axali esTetika~. es ki, mogexsenebaT, `faseulobaTa gadafasebis~ gareSe ar xdeba. rusebma mas” “фыв””эстетика честности” daarqves. me ki, maSin niWier axalgazrda kinematografistTa pirveli filme- S. koboSvili. mxatvari cisana janaSvili bis ganxilvisas, mas `sindisis esTetika~ vuwode. da axla, Tu im wlebis mxatvrul mignebaTa Zirebis danaxvas movindomebT tradiciaSi, Cem Tvalsawierze isev firosmanis da koboSvilis suraTebi aRmocendebian uTuod. iqneb amitomac iZenen CemTvis raRac idumal iers nikalasa da Salomis (erTdroulad) bedisa da ubedobis faqtebis gaxseneba: poeti gogla leoniZe ukve amTavrebda poemis weras firosmanze da paralelurad ganaaxla nikalas dakarguli saflavis Ziebac. maxsovs, 1963-Si, kukiaze erTi upatrono samarec gaiTxara, magram samwuxarod, es cdac xelmocarviT damTavrda. 1966-Si ki, e.w. `firosmanis kvalmaZieblobas~ TiTqos tragikuli wertili daesva: gogla leoniZem dakarga (ambobdnen, zemelze romeliRac kafeSi darCeniao) tyavis CanTa, romelSic edo xelnaweri poemisa firosmanze da wlebis manZilze rudunebiT Segrovili didZali masala _ interviuebi da mogonebebi sxvaTa da sxvaTa _ nikalas gamo. sasowarkveTili da sisxlgamSrali ambobda Turme poeti: vis raSi dasWirvebia is CanTa, an ra TavSi ixlis im Cem xelnawerebs, maTi wamkiTxveli xom, Cem garda, mainc aravinaao... es moxda 66-is gvian gazafxulze, agvistoSi ki gogla leoniZe gardaicvala. misi axloblebis TqmiT, im danakargiT gancdili simware ver gadaitana, dards gadahyvao... da ai, ormoci wlis Semdeg, 2006_ Si, ukve aq, amerikaSi gavecani mweral giorgi sanadiraZis bolo namuSevars, romelSic igonebda, 60-anis dasawyisSi sagazeTo narkvevis dawera rom dauvalebiaT misTvis rusTavelis premiis pirvel lauriatebze da, amdenad, arcTu SemTxveviT, moxvedrila lado gudiaSvilis saxelosnoSi TaTariaxlad gamarTul purmarilze. iq gogla leoniZe Tamadobda da axalgazrda literatori gansakuTrebiT gauocebia (rogorc Tavad aRniSnavda), `roca poeti eris miZinebul saganZurze saubrobda da erTad axsena ori xalxuri mxatvari _ firosmani da Salom koboSvili~; ufro ki imitom, rom manmade mas Turme ebraeli mxatvris saxeli arc gaegona... da axla, roca yovelive amas vixseneb, fiqri meZaleba: iqneb nanobdameTqi b-ni gogla, Tavis droze rom ver Sexvda da ver esaubra Salom koboSvils nikalas gamo; an iqneb _ Sexvda kidec da misi naambobis Canawerebic im dakargul CanTaSi edo? _ vin icis?!.. oTar sefiaSvili xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe 14 sityva xaim vaicmanis samedicino, qimiur da teqnologiur sferoebSi mopovebuli udidesi warmatebebisa da msofli saxelis wya–lobiT, centris mesveurebi did daxmarebas uweven samecniero da sam–rewvelo xasiaTis obieqtebs, rogorc israelSi, ise msoflios sxva kuTxeebSi. amis meSveobiT vaicmanis centris saSemosavlo biujeti yo–velwliurad izrdeba; misi didi nawili ki xmardeba cen–tris ga–farToebis, ganaxlebisa da mowinave teqnologiebiT aRWurvis saqmes. pirveli kompiuteri “vaiceki” 1955 wels Seiqmna am centrSi, sul ramdenime welSi ki igi Secvala ufro srulyofilma da teqnikurad moxerxebulma gamomTvlelma manqanebma. dRes es fakulteti erT-erT yvelaze Zlier da Semosavlian akademiur erTeulad iTvleba. israelis saerTo erovnuli Semosavlis zrdaSi udidesi damsaxureba miuZRvis ara marto kompiuteruli fakultetis did miRwevebs, aramed bioqimiisa da samedicino disciplinebis ganyofilebebsac. am fakultetebis kursdamTavrebulebze didi moTxovnaa rogorc israelSi, iseve sazRvargareT. sadac isini muSaoben, samecniero – kvlevisa da winmswrafi proeqtebis gamarjveba garantirebulia. es faqti mTelma msofliom aRiara. amitomac aris, rom maT, rogorc ityvian, “itaceben” msoflios didi samecniero centrebi da maRali teqnologiebis bazarze momuSave kompaniebi. am fakultetis or mecniers mieniWa tiuringis saer–TaSoriso prizi kompiuteruli mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTYvis. wels ki fakultetis profesoris – ehud Sapiras mier Seiqmna msoflioSi pirveli biologiuri kompiuteri. biologiis, bioqimiisa da qimiis fakultetebis erToblivi samecniero kvlevis nayofia israelis samamulo medicinis maRali done da, rasakvirvelia, is miRwevebi, romlebic yovelwliurad, zog–jer ki yovelTviuradac ki amdidreben Tanamedrove mZime daava–debaTa sawinaaRmdego medikamentebis, preparatebisa da meTodebis same–dicino katalogebis sias. dafantuli skleroziT daavadebulTaTvis Seqmnili wamali “ЁЖэээЭ”Эkopeqsoni”Э” vaicmanis samecniero centris bioqimiuri fakultetis mecnierTa Sromis Sedegia. am wamals dRes msoflios yvela kuTxeSi iyeneben, xolo misi warmoebis mTeli ufleba ekuT–vnis israelis farmakologiis udides firma “tevas”. bolo wlebSi israelSi sagrZnoblad Semcirda sisxlis, swori nawlavisa da mkerdis kibos SemTxvevebi. es dadebiTi tendencia ki pirdapiraa dakavSirebuli vaicmanis centrSi Seqmnil preparatze –“”arbitoksi”. wels nobelis premia qimiaSi mieniWa pirvel israel qals, profe–sor ada ionaTs 30 wliani samecniero-kvleviTi naSromisaTvis “”ribozomis struqturuli agebulebis gamokvleva”.” vaicmanis samecniero centris uSualo kavSirma da urTierT–TanamSromlobam israelis samxedro da kerZod, samxedro-sahaero mrewvelobasTan, udidesi Zvrebi moaxdina misi gaumjobesebisa da msoflio standartebis simaRleze ayvanis saqmeSi. samxedro iaraRis mwarmoebeli iseTi gaerTianebebi, rogoricaa ”rafaeli””, ”“taasi””, ”“elbiti””, ”“elsinti”” da mravali sxva Tavis did warmatebebs umadlian am centris mecnierTa maRal profesiul dones. msoflios yvela kuTxidan Camodian studentebi da aspirantebi codnis asamaRleblad, samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone samecniero centris esoden nayofieri Sromisa da muSaobis principebis gasacnobad. ramdeni didi mecnieri gamosula xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samecniero-kvleviTi centridan? vin moTvlis! yovelive ki daiwyo sami patara laboratoriis kedlebSi gasuli saukunis pirvel naxevarSi... izolda krixeli xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samecniero centri saxelobis samecniero kvleviTi centri warmoa– dgens universitets am sityvis zusti gagebiT. – mis funqciebSi Sedis agreTve feinbergis saxelobis aspirantura, romelic meore da mesame xarisxis (doqtorati) mecnierebs amzadebs. qalaq rexovoTis teritoriaze mdebare mSvenier parkSi gegmazomieradaa ganlagebuli keTilmowyobili saswavlo korpusebi, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis laboratoria, studentTa sacxoverebeli korpusebi da “profesorebis quCa“”. xaim da vera vaicmanebis saxlmuzeumi parkis erT-erT borcvze dgas, xolo maTi saflavebi - samxreTiT mdebare fiWvisa da palmis xeebiT moCrdilul myudro kuTxeSi... msoflio mniSvnelobis mqone es samecniero centri mesame umaRlesi saswavlebelia israelSi, romelic gaixsna xaifis teqnionisa da ierusalimis ebrauli universitetis Semdeg 1925 wels (xaim vaicm–anis uSualo iniciativiT). dasawyisSi igi iwodeboda, rogorc zivis samecniero-kvleviTi centri. xaim vaicmanis didi damsaxurebaa, rom swored es adgili airCia cdebis Casatareblad. igi cdilobda Seeqmna qimiuri formula im sasuqisa, romelic israelis soflis meurneobas saSualebas miscemda udabnosa da xriok adgilebSic moeyvana uxvi mosavali. finansuri daxmareba vaicmanma miiRo lord israel da ribka zivebis ojaxisagan, romelTac daaarses es samecniero-kvleviTi centri (igi sami patara laboratoriisagan Sedgeboda) maTi tragikulad daRupuli mcirewlovani vaJis saxelis ukvdavsayofad. vaicmanma didi xalisiT daiwyo centris gafarToebisa da popularizaciis saqme. msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi eZebda mecnierebsa da swavlulebs, romelTac iwvevda kvlevebis Casatareblad. am movlenebTan dakavSirebiT 1944 wels aSSis sionistma ebraelebma meir vaisglasis TaosnobiT Seqmnes daxmarebis fondi, romelic centris ganaSenianebasa da gafarToebas isaxavda miznad. xolo 1949 wels, vaicmanis dabadebis 75 wlisTavze, gaixsna samecniero – kvleviTi-centris mTavari Senoba. centrSi funqcionirebs ZiriTadi fakulteti, romelic aerTianebs mecnierebisa da teqnologiis ganviTarebis yvelaze Tanamedrove meTodebsa biologiis, bioqimiis, qimiis, fizikis, gamomTvleli manqanebisa da maTematikis dargebSi. studentebi samecniero kvlevebs atareben uaxlesi teqnikiT aRWurvil laboratoriebsa saswavlo-–sacdel klasebSi. vaicmanis centrSi swavla ebraul enaze warmoebs, magram stu– dentebs inglisuri enis srulyofili codnac moeTxovebaT. calke SenobaSi ganTavsebulia ganyofileba, romelic uzrunvelyofs Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad saswavlo programebisa da pedagogiuri mecnierebis daxvewas. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba sabunebismetyvelo, maTematikisa da programuli uzrunvelyofis ganaxlebuli versiebis sistematizacias. ase magaliTad, programa feraxi” saSualebas aZlevs umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebs, – rogorc adgilobrivebs iseve ucxoelebs, miRon specialuri stipendia saSualo da dawyebiTi skolebis moswavleTa daxmarebis sanacvlod. moswavle axalgazrdobisaTvis gaxsnilia specialuri kursebi, sadac imaRleben codnas sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa sferoSi. iseTi obieqtebi, rogoricaa “samecniero baRi” da “axalgazrda mecnierTa forumi”, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben saSualo skolis moswavleTa Soris warCinebuli da samecniero sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli axalgazrdobis mozidvas. yovelwliurad ewyoba” samecniero festivali”. centrSi warmatebiT funqcionirebs rigi ganyofilebebisa, romelic dakavebulia hidrologiis, energetikis, samTo-sainJinro da wiaRiseuli simdidris mopovebis, udabnos pirobebs Seguebuli mcenareebisa da wylis gaumtknarebis sakiTxebiT. Tana–medrove israelis mecnierebi - 21-e saukunis nobelis premiis laureatebi ada ionaTi xaim vaicmanis saxelobis samecniero kvleviTi centris qimiis fakultetis profesori. gamokvlevis Tema: ribozomis struqturuli agebuleba 2009 weli abram herSko xaifis teqnionis qimiis fakultetis profesori aharon Caxanoveri robert umani xaifis teqnionis qimiis fakultetis profesori ieruSalaimis ebrauli universitetis ekonomikuri fakultetis profesori gamokvlevis Tema: dapirispirebis situacia da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis strategia TamaSis dros. 2005 weli erToblivi gamokvlevis Tema: ujredSi cilebis daSlis perioduli procesis aRmoCena. 2004 weli gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! 15 semk SoTa bostanaSvili daibada 1948 w. qalaq TbilisSi. 1972 wels daamTavra saqarTvelos politeqnikuri instituti, arqiteqtoris specialobiT. saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis sruli profesori, arqiteqturis saerTaSoriso akademiebis profesori, wevr-korespondenti, sruli wevri (199798). saqarTvelos saxelmwifo premiis da mravali saerTaSoriso premiebis laureati (1983, 1985, 1987, 2003, 2006 ww.) asamde SemoqmedebiTi proeqtisa da realizaciis avtori. Rirsebis ordenis kavaleri. Tbilisi - orTaWala axalcixe vani oni k v a l i saqarTvelos ebrauli saflavebi erTob mgrZnobiare da mtkivneuli Temaa israelSi da msoflios sxva qveynebSi damkvidrebuli qarTveli ebraelebisaTvis. redaqciam TxovniT mimarTa cnobil arqiteqtors da mecniers, ebrauli saflavebisa da sinagogebis aRiarebul eqsperts - b-n SoTa bostanaSvils, rom amis Sesaxeb Tavisi kompetenturi azri moewodebina Cveni gazeTis mkiTxvelisaTvis. galuTSi darCenili sinagoga da sasaflao sevdiani ambavia.., da sasixaruloc - galuTis boloa. sasaflao - galuTis xiluli kvali da vali (micva), micvalebulTa ”sicocxlis saxlis” (beTxaim) sazrunavs gviCens. am werilSi kvals gavavloT Tvali (sinagogebze sxva werilSi visaubroT). TbilisSi sami sasaflaoa: ”orTaWalis” (daxuruli sasaflao); ”navTluRis” da ”axali”, romelic qalaqis ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSia - varkeTilSi; misi farTobi daaxloebiT oTxi heqtaria, SemosazRvrulia RobiT da emijneba sxva sasaflaos. am adgils aqvs zedmetsaxeli - ”dampalo”. es axali drois sasaflao gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan iwyebs Sevsebas ”axali” - aratradiciuli arqiteqturiT da gamoirCeva formaTa siWreliT, qandakebebis siuxviT da lapidaruli warwerebis simwiriT. ”dampalo” ”xmamaRla” asaxavs socialur diferenciacias, materialur moWarbebas da damSret sulierebas. orTaWalis Zveli sasaflao, romelsac movlapatronoba aklia, iseve rogorc sxva sasaflaoebi, gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia mravali niSniT (arqiteqturuli, istoriuli, eTnografiuli da sxva). saflavis qvebis warwerebidan irkveva, rom igi gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi daarsebula. aq dakrZalulia bevri gamoCenlili moRvawe. gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs saflavis qvebis arqiteqtura maTi stilisturi simravle; rTuli profilebis ostaturi damuSaveba; Zvirfasi qvebis nairgvarovneba (bazalti, graniti, marmarilo, labradori da sxva). portretebis galerea da lapidaruli warwerebi saintereso masalaa mecnieruli kvlevisTvis. sasaflaos ukavia erTnaxevari heqtari farTi da SemoRobilia (Robe xSirad ziandeba). saWiroebs movla-patronobas, radgan saxezea unikaluri memoriali - ”ebrauli baRi”. analogiuri memorialia navTluRis sasaflao - ”daberebuli”, magram movlili, - es navTluRis (aSkenazebis) sasaflaoa. samwuxarod,unda aRiniSnos, rom samive sasaflaoze 1991 – 2001 wlebSi moxda is, rac usaxelod darCa. zogadad mas saflavebis xelyofa ewoda,rac upirveles yovlisa, Cveni saerTo problemebis nawilia. quTaisis sasaflao ”safiCxias” araebrauli sasaflaos gayolebazea da misgan gamoyofilia RobiT. mravalmxriv sainteresoa, stilisturad gamorCeulia da mravalferovania ”safiCxias” saflavis qvebi. maTi gamorCeulobis mTavari niSani, kompoziciasTan da plastikasTan erTad, ornamenti da CuqurTmaa quTaisuri kazmulobaa. axalcixis sasaflao mTazea Sefenili da warmoadgens ”ebrauli mTis” tradiciul nimuSs. es zikuraTebiviT aRmarTuli saukunovani Zeglebi - gansakuTrebuli movlenaa saerTo ebraul kulturaSi (da aramarto ebraulSi). es Zeglebi warmoadgenen qviSa-qvis samsafexurian piramidebs. maTi fuZis zomebi 1,5X2,5 m., simaRle 2 – 2,5 m. aRwevs, wona 1 – 2 tonas. qvebi moCuqurTmebuli da damuSavebulia arqiteqturuli profilebiT. analogiuri ti pis Zegli fiqsirebulia ebraul enciklopediaSi (”Teqvsmettomeuli”. 2. t.), rogorc grafikuli gamosaxuleba antverpenis sasaflaodan da axlavs komentari, rom is ebrauli tradiciebis etalonia da ukanasknelad amsterdamSi unaxavT da CauxatiaT. Cans, rom axalcixis Sesaxeb informacia ar gaaCndaT. ”yvelaze Zveli warwerebiani saflavis qvebi, rac vi pove, ganekuTvneba 5506 (1749 w.) samyaros gaCenidan” - aRniSnavs iehuda Corni (53. 161). axalcixis sasaflao Zeglebi, pirvel yovlisa, xuroTmoZRvrebis didebulebas gadmogvcemen da sazogado faseulobad gvevlinebian; isini zustad asaxaven ToraSi aRweril samsxverplos parametrebs: ”gaakeTe samsxverplo akaciis xeTagan. xuTi wyrTa hqondes sigrZe, xuTi wyrTa sigane, oTxkuTxa iyos da sami wyrTa hqondes simaRle” (gamosv. 27:1). wyrTa, daaxloebiT 0,5 metria. amdenad metrul sistemaSi samsxverplos zomebia 2,5X2,5 m. da simaRle 1,5 m. traqtati ”midoT” gvamcnobs, rom samsxverplo Sesdgeba erTmaneTze dadebuli, sami sxvadasxva zomis filisagan, ise rogorc safexurebiani piramida. axalcixis zikuraTebi TandaTan miwaSi eflobian - midian. bolo wlebSi ”ebrauli mTa” aSkarad SeTxelda da male gauCinardeba... awyuris Zveli sasaflaos adgils Znelad mivakvlie. es axalcixel ebraelTa Zveli namosaxlaris ukanaskneli nakvalevia. tye-RreSi mimofantuli ”zikuraTebi” yvelaze ufro sevdiani suraTia - iqneb aseTia sxva, yvela ebrauli nakvalevis xvalindeli dRec. onSi ori ebrauli sasaflaoa. erTi - Zveli, gauqmebuli, sadac mxolod ramdenime masiuri qvis fila Cans ebrauli warweriT, danarCens ki miwa faravs. meore - moqmedi sasaflao - imave quCis boloSia, sadac sinagogaa. am quCas rabi daviT baazovis saxeli ewodeba. sasaflao mSvenier landSaftSia Cafluli, ”ZvelTan” SedarebiT sakmaod mozrdilia (daaxloebiT erTi heqtari) da SemosazRvrulia RobiT. saflavis qvebi gamoirCevian formebis nairsaxeobiT,ornamentikiT, ebrauli lapidaruli warwerebiT da warmoadgenen oneli ebraelobis epigrafikul matianes. vanis da kulaSis sasaflaoebi da sinagogebi erTi quCis gaRma-gamoRmaa. vanis sasaflao yuradRebas i pyrobs imiT, rom saflavis Zveli fila-qvebi rkinabetonis sayrdenebze auweviaT israelSi wasul ebraelebs. es faqti erTis mxriv zrunvaa Zeglis gadarCenaze, meore mxriv exmianeba Soreul tradiciebs. mag. amsterdamis sasaflao (ebr. encik. t. 11. 347). kulaSis sasaflao, 1990-iani wlebidan, qarTveli qalbatonis (aw ukve misi rZlis) wyalobiT, gamorCeulad movlilia. cxinvalis axali sasaflaos qvis matiane gasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebSi iwyeba. 50-ian wlebSi ki waiSala Zveli sasaflaos kvali. am axlo xanebamde iq sacxovrebeli ganaSenianeba iyo. cxinvalis yofili mkvidri, mecnieri gerSon ben oreni - wiwuaSvili pirad werilSi igonebs: ”... am adgilas 1971 w. erTad miyrili saflavis qvebi iyo. ... cxinvalSi sul 7 salocavi iyo, me piradad yvelas adgilmdebareoba vici. maTgan zogi nasaxlars, an nafuZars warmoadgens, zogi ki gauqmebuli salocavis saxiT me TviTon gadaviRe 1971 wels. iq sadac axla macis sacxobia, ori salocavi iyo erTad. yvela es adgili - Tundac mTlianad iyos waSlili kvali - fotofiqsirebis Rirsia, rogorc dokumenti salocavis iavaryofis”. banZis sasaflaos aSkarad etyoba garkveuli zrunva (kuratori b-ni soso ajiaSvili). goris da baTumis sasaflaoebs jer kidev hyavT patronad mcirericxvovani jamaaTi. (baTumis sasaflaoze yvelaze adreuli qva daTariRebulia 1879 wliT. aq, arqiteqturuli TvalsazrisiT, ramdenime sruliad gamorCeuli saxis memorialia). rac Seexeba lailaSs, qarels, surams, saCxeres, soxums da ukve foTsac, ebrauli nakvalevis niSniT aSkarad akliaT sazogado zrunva. P.S. bolo ori aTeuli welia piradi da profesiuli movaleoba saqarTvelos ebraelTa nakvalevze ”maxetialebs”. es erTdroulad nisan babalikaSvilis nakvalevia, vinc pirvelma aqcia ”ebrauli baRis” epigrafika mecnieruli gansjis sagnad. erTi saqmea maTi fotofiqsacia, zusti anazomebis Sesruleba, xuroTmoZRvruli da istoriuli kvleva da meorea maTi movla-patronoba, mecnieruli monografiis gamocema - wignad datoveba - Zalian sasurvelia. SoTa bostanaSvili 16 moambe ru br ika Cveni saxelovani sportsmenebi nugzar janaSvili - me maqvs mTeli “Taiguli” e.w. israeluri daavadebebis, rac ki adamians SeiZleba sWirdes... - ras gulisxmobT, lev maiseeviC? - pirveli – saxsrebi... - es imitom, rom Tqven sul moZraobaSi iyaviT, 89 wlamde moaRwieT da axlac, rom ityvian, karg formaSi xarT... - sisxlZarRvebis Seviwroeba... - esec Tqveni sisxlsavse cxovrebis bralia, roca uars araferze eubnebodiT Tavs... - gulis iSemia, ariTmia... - Tqven mudam gqondaT mgrZnobiare guli, yvelaferi gulTan migqondaT da rasac akeTebdiT, gulianad akeTebdiT... - diabeti... -tkbili kaci xarT, lev maiseeviC, tkbili... tardeboda WadrakSi moswavleTa Soris. axla rasac me mogiTxrobT, SeiZleba Tqven ar daijeroT, dawerT Tu ar dawerT, esec Tqveni prerogativaa, magram yvelaferi ase ki iyo. am turnirze wasvlis ori kandidati gaxldiT – me da Cemi megobari andria gamrekeli, brwyinvale adamiani da SemdgomSi saukeTeso qirurgi. moskovSi gamgzavrebamde ramdenime dRiT adre me avad gavxdi, amdenad gamrekelis wasvla turnirze sruliad binebrivi Canda, magram sxvagvarad sjida gangeba da viqtor gogliZe - man humanurobisa da samarTlianobis saukeTeso Tviseba gamoavlina – avadmyofs, saxlSi gamomigzavnis andrias CemTan sakontrolo mini-turniris gasamarTavad da gamarjvebulis gamosavlenad. xolo rogor iqceva am dros Tavad gamrekeli? – rogorc Zveli qarTveli TavadiSvili – aSkarad sustad TamaSobs CemTan, agebs da amas mwvrTnelTanac aRiarebs – aba, ""ad lev mea maiseeviC ve esrim"",... *** - yvelafers Casawerad da miT ufro gamosaqveyneblad ar mogiTxrobT, ymawvilebo. mexsierebas ar vuCivi, iseTi ambebic maxsovs, rac iqneb jobda kidec, damviwyeboda; magram rogorc guls, gonebasac ver ubrZaneb. SegiZliaT daijeroT, SegiZliaT ara, rom Cemi yvela partia, naTamaSevi oficialur saWadrako doneze, aqaa CemSi, magram ori da udavod Cemi cxovrebis umTavresi partia, romlebmac Cems biografias gansakuTrebuli daRi daasva, dRemde mikvirs da gamkvirvebia, arc maSin, da axla xo da xo, ar SemorCa xsovnas... Tumca, yvelafers jobia, Tavidan, dalagebiT giamboT... - Cveni gvari (gerSkoviCi) wminda ebrauli warmoSobisaa – gerS – ebraulad xeivans (“alei”) niSnavs. mamaCemi e.w. “nikolozis jariskaci” gaxldaT, e.i. 25 weli jarSi samsaxuri, cixesaviT, garantirebuli hqonda. - Tumca, erTi upiratesoba, Tu SeiZleba amas upiratesoba daerqvas, amgvar “misjilT” mainc hqondaT: samsaxuris dasrulebis Semdeg (vinc cocxali darCeboda, ra Tqma unda) SeeZloT TavianTi neba-surviliT amoerCiaT sacxovrebeli adgili ruseTis nebismier guberniaSi. da ai, mamaCemma Tbilisi airCia, sadac davibade kidec 1920 wels. deda aSkenazi rabinis qaliSvili gaxldaT, ase rom, Cems 100% ebraelobaSi eWvi ar SegeparoT... es ise, xumrobiT, ra Tqma unda, Torem yvelani ebraelebi ara varT am yolamze – ubralod, zogma viciT es, zogma – ara... - Tqven istoriis wignebidan mainc gexsomebaT stalinis epoqa. man iseTi avtoriteti moixveWa (Tu rogor da ra gzebiT, Sors wagviyvans amis garCeva) rom yoveli misi gamonaTqvami direqtivad aRiqmeboda, xolo despot xelisufalTan urTierTobisa da “status kvo”-s SenarCunebis saukeTeso saSualeba xelqveiTTaTvis – mliqvnelobaa, gansakuTrebiT es kunTmagarTa da WkuasustTa kastas exeba, ai sxvagvarad moazrovneTa da gonebagaxsnilTa bolo ki – represiebi da 1937-ia... - erTi sityviT, stalinma 30-ian wlebSi Tavis erT-erT gamosvlaSi sabWoTa sportis strategiul mimarTulebad 3 saxeoba – tanvarjiSi, Zalosnoba da Wadraki daasaxela. aqedan iwyeba Wadrakis masobrivi winsvla da ganviTareba Zmur kavSirSi. yalibdeba saWadrako wreebi skolebTan, pionerTa saxlebTan da sasaxleebTan, sportskolebTan... swored pionerTa sasaxlis aRzrdili gaxlavarT mec, xolo Cemi mwvrTneli iyo uspetakesi da upatiosnesi pirovneba – viqtor gogliZe. 1933 wels moskovSi I sakavSiro turniri avadmyof megobars mTeli ZaliT xom ar veTamaSebodio?!... diax, iyvnen aseTi adamianebi, da aseTi adamianebi, ar vaWarbeb, mxolod saqarTveloSi SeiZleba yofiliyvnen. gana boria paiWaZis ambavi ar gaxsovT, waqceuli mekare rom wamoayena da burTi ar gaitana? Tanac ar dagaviwydeT, baton viqtor gogliZes gamrekeli rom gaegzavna moskovSi, momCivani eyoleboda viTom vinme? – me avad gaxldiT, gamrekeli ki Cemze aranakleb iyo momzadebuli... erTi sityviT, moskovSi me gavemgzavre. saukeTeso saTamaSo da sacxovrebeli pirobebi Segviqmnes – turnirze meore-mesame saprizo adgilebi gaviyavi boleslavskisTan – SemdgomSi didostatTan da aranakleb cnobil mwvrTnelTan. magram mTavari ambebi mainc mere datrialda – Cven gvewvia Tavad mixeil botviniki – sabWoTa kavSiris 1931 wlis Cempioni da msoflio Cempionobis pretendenti, romelmac TamaSis erTdrouli seansi gamarTa oc dafaze. erTi partia waago, erTi – CemTan – yaimiT daasrula, danarCeni Tvrameti moigo. ai, swored es partiaa, romlis peripetiebi saerTod ar maxsovs. amitomac mjera zebunebrivis – maradonasi ar iyos, am miRwevaSi “haSemis” xeli eria! da ra xdeba TbilisSi dabrunebisas? Tbilisi mxvdeba rogorc gmirs! daijerebT, oci wlis (!) ganmavlobaSi TiTiT uCvenebdnen Cemze – ai, es ymawvilia, botvinikTan yaims rom miaRwiao da sulac ar gahkvirebiaT, roca erTi wlis Semdeg, isev moskovSi, isev erTdrouli TamaSis seansze TviT emanuel laskerTanac mivaRwie yaims! xolo es is meore partiaa, romlis paripetiebic absoluturad daviwyebuli maqvs! *** saerTod me inJineri gaxlavarT, inJinermeqanikosi, da Cemi Segnebuli cxovreba SromaSi gamitarebia. mimuSavia TbilisSi, saaviacio qarxanaSi, moskovSi, vilniusSi, vasrulebdiT specialur saxelmwifo dakveTebs, romelic saidumlo grifiT igzavneboda moskovSi. rogorc Semdgom gavigeT, CvenTan damzadebuli bevri xelsawyo gamoiyenes iuri gagarinis I kosmosuri xomaldis asagebad. kidev mravali saidumlo xelsawyo dagvimzadebia, razedac me dRes ver mogiTxrobT... - lev maiseeviC, arc me, arc boris CaCanaSvili politbiurodan da miT umetes “kgb”-dan ar gaxlavarT, ase rom SegiZliaT mSvidad da Tavisuflad ilaparakoT. - maS, “Sinaurebi” xarT da “inaurebi” (aleqsi inauri – saqarTvelos uSiSroebis komitetis yofili Tavmjdomare – red.) ar gireviaT? gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! – kargiT. g. ZoweniZisa da z. kvaWaZis xelmoweriT saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli inJinris wodeba 1971 wlis 18 maisis dadgenilebiT momeniWa, magram Cemi cxovrebis mizani, gataceba, hobi, rac gnebavT, is daarqviT, mainc Wadraki iyo. damijerebT, rom me pirvelma viwinaswarmetyvele gafrindaSvilis msoflio Cempionoba?! roca 11 wlis nonas partiis Canaweri maCvena vaxtang qarselaZem, me SevZaxe: ”es bavSvi msoflio Cempioni gaxdeba!” uniWieresi gogona gaxldaT nona... ...erTxans vcxovrobdi da vmuSaobdi moskovSi. im periodSi mimdinareobda pretendentTa matCebi – iwyeboda kasparovis varskvlavis gabrwyineba. nomenklatura yvelanairad xels uSlida mis winsvlas. pretendentTa finalur – kasparov – smislovis Sexvedras CafuSvac ki daemuqra. Tqven mogexsenebaT, ras niSnavda ma- Sin vertikaluri mmarTveloba – umaRlesi eSelonebis sityvieri miTiTebac kmaroda da... sabWoTa respublikebis verc erTma xelmZRvanelma ver ikisra am matCis Catarebis organizeba. maSin me moskovidan vilniusSi Cavedi da mikenasi (cnobili saWadrako moRvawe, saerTaSoriso katregoriis msaji – n. j.) davarwmune matCis gamarTvis aucileblobaSi. mikenasi gavleniani pirovneba gaxldaT, Seawuxa litvis maSindeli ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare da ai... litva mzadaa pretendentTa misaRebad! mTavari msaji, suraTze marcxnidan marjvniv: lev gerSkoviCi, maia CiburdaniZe da gari kasparovi suraTze marcxnidan marjvniv: vasili smislovi, arvidas mikenasi, lev gerSkoviCi da gari kasparovi arvidas mikenasi, msaji – Tqveni mona-morCili (sxvaTa Soris iq me momeniWa WadrakSi litvis sportis ostatis wodeba). kasparovis aRzevebas win veraferi daudgeboda, Tumca win iyo karpovi – kidev erTi nomenklaturuli barieri! magram es ukve sxva saubris Temaa... - es suraTebi kasparovTan da mis dedasTanaa gadaRebuli, Cans, Tqven ojaxuradac axlos iyaviT maTTan? - Zalian axlos. klara Saginovnas tolmis gemo axlac maxsovs (klara kasparova xom somexia, somxebs ki tolma kargad gamosdiT, es ar icoda “miminom”, magram kargad icodnen gia daneliam da frunzik mkrtiCianma). garis mama gvarad vainStaini iyo, musikosi, mevio- 17 semk line, romelic axalgazrdul asakSi gardaicvala. klaramac da garimac uRrmesi madloba gadamixades matCis gadarCenisa da momavali msoflio Cempionis Seuferxebel winsvlaSi daxmarebisTvis. simarTle giTxraT, marTlac mimiZRoda wvlili... aa, es suraTebi? es suraTebi Cemi da lionia bronSteinis urTierTobasa da megobrobas asaxavs. igi aqac mewvia, naTaniaSi, sadac axla Tqven sxedxarT, mag divanze ijda da vsaubrobdiT. Tqven gaxsovT trockis namdvili gvari? - ra Tqma unda, bronSteini – erTdroulad wamoviZaxeT me da boriam – nuTu?... - me mets verafers maTqmevinebT, am gvaris gamo moWadrake bronSteini Zalian dazaralda. - ras gulisxmobT dazaralebaSi, lev maiseeviC, botvinikic ebraeli iyo da bronSteinic, ra mniSvneloba hqonda mTavrobisTvis, romeli ebraeli avidoda saWadrako taxtze? - Zalze didi. botviniki (romelic simarTle giTxraT, saWadrako samyaroSi maincdamainc ar uyvardaT) e.w. mTavrobisTvis misaRebi pirovneba iyo (lev maiseeviCma mis Sesaxeb sxva epiTetic ixmara, Tanac qarTulad – didi goTverani kaci iyoo; ufro ‘’pikanturi’’ gamoTqmebic daayola, magram maTi gamoqveynebisgan Tavs SevikavebT), xelmZRvanelobisTvis sasurveli, xolo bronSteini... bronSteini Zalian dazaralda – meTqi Tavisi gvaris gamo... - ki, magram, lev maiseeviC, Tqven raRacas malavT, trockizmi xom karga xnis aRmofxvrili iyo maSin? - eh, ymawvilebo (am dros boris CaCanaSvili 68-s ukakunebs, me – 55 wlis “mozardi” gaxlavarT da Cven, bunebrivia, ymawvilebi varT n.j.). stalinis Sinelis mgoni exlac eSiniaT... maSin ki jer kidev 1951 welia da sul male “eqimTa saqmec” agordeba da mTel kavSirSi antisemituri Rrubeli Camowveba... magram lionia da trocki?... ara, ara, Cemgan mis Sesaxeb mets verafers moismenT. - da mainc, lev maiseeviC, axla xom aRarc stalinia da “kgb”-s sidumlo seifebic didi xania gaixsna, gana ra saidumloa aseTi? – ar cxreba borisi. - kargiT, getyviT, xolo daskvnebi Tqven gamoitaneT, saWadrako enaze me etiuds SemogTavazebT da misi amoxsna TqvenTvis momindvia. -ki, batono... -msoflios Cempionobis gvirgvinisTvis mixeil botviniki da leonid bronSteini 1951 wels anatoli moSiaSvili 60 wlisaa saerTaSoriso klasis sportis ostats, msoflio da evropis rekordsmens 60 metrze TarjrbenSi, evropis Cempionsa da Tasis mflobels anatoli moSiaSvils 60 weli Seusrulda. anatoli moSiaSvili 1950 wlis 11 marts daibada q. quTaisSi. igi evropis 1974 wlis Cempioni da evropis Tasis mflobelia; amave TamaSebis me-2 (1973 w.) da me-3 (1972 w.) priziori, studentTa msoflio TamaSebis me-2 (1973 w.), ssr kavSiris oTxgzis Cempioni da priziori, ssr kavSiris xalxTa me-5 spartakiadis Cempioni (1971 w.) 60 da 110 metrze TarjrbenSi. aris msoflio da evropis rekordsmeni 60 metrze TarjrbenSi daxuruli darbazebisTvis. ssr kavSoiris rekordsmeni 110 metrze TarjrbenSi. anatoli moSiaSvili mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi iricxeboda ssr kavSiris nakrebi gundis SemadgenlobaSi da sportis am saxeobis pirvel nomrad iTvleboda. saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi (“semk”-i) sportis mraval gulSematkivarTan erTad ulocavs saxelovan mZleosans – anatoli moSiaSvils 60 wlis iubiles da uzsurvebs xangrZliv, jansaR sicocxlesa da bednierebas – dae xangrZlivi sicocxlis rekordic dagemyarebinos Cveno saxelovani sportsmeno. semk-is generaluri direqtori: prof. j. ajiaSvili semki-s sportuli komisiis Tavmjdomare: doq. b. CaCanaSvili Sexvdnen. bronSteini bolo ori turis win erTnaxevari quliT uswrebda botviniks – diax, darCenili iyo orad-ori saTamaSo partia, sadac aRmavlobis gzaze mdgar bronSteins ar unda gasWirveboda 1 qulis aReba mainc... xolo im bolo partiebis mimdinareobisas darbazidan fexi ar moucvlia maSindel “КГБ”-s erTerT maRalCinosans, - es icoda lioniamac, mec da kidev, SesaZloa, ramdenime pirovnebam, magram is rac icoda lioniam, ar vicodiT arc me da arc sxvam... da ai, bronSteini 2 darCenil partiaSi mxolod naxevar qulas agrovebs, matCi yaimiT sruldeba, xolo “fide”-s maSindeli (da axlandelic) wesebiT yaimis SemTxvevaSi saWadrako gvirgvins moqmedi Cempioni inarCeunebda. asec moxda... mere amobrwyindeba rigeli jadoqris – mixeil talis varskvlavi, romelic meteoriviT Caiqrolebs saWadrako galaqtikaSi da Tavbrus daaxvevs aramarto botviniks, nomenklaturasac da politbiurosac, magram es mere, xolo bronSteini amis Semdeg turnirebSi ki iRebda monawileobas da ramdenime saWadrako Sedevric Seqmna, magram pretendentTa kohortaSi, Tu ar vcdebi, aRar gamoCenila. *** - 1990 wels amovedi israelSi da minda gulaxdilad giTxraT, rom me aq davinaxe sul sxva qveyana, sxva xalxi, ganwyobileba, adamianebi, romlebic uSiSrad, uamravi mtriT garemoculni akeTeben TavianT saqmes – aSeneben saxelmwifos. me aq davinaxe sxva ebraeli – ara mSiSara da qedmodrekili, aramed mebrZoli, simarTlis mTqmeli, mSromeli, davinaxe ebraeli, romelsac yvelgan da yvela viTarebaSi SeuZlia daicvas Tavisi Rirseba, simarTle, meoba – ra Tqma unda, aris gadaxrebic, aba, uamisod, romeli qveyana aSenebula? gaxsovT ben-gurionis reaqcia? - roca policiam moaxsena, rom Tel avivis centralur ubanSi daakaves qali, romelsac meZaveobiT gahqonda Tavi, bengurionma taSi Semohkra da wamoiZaxa – Cven ukve Cveni meZavebi gvyavs, ese igi saxelmwifo varTo! amitom, nu gagikvirdebaT axlagazrdobis zogjer zRvarsgadacilebuli da CvenTvis miuRebeli “celqobani”, damijereT, yvelaferi Caivlis, Camoyalibdeba da SegvrCeba saukeTeso momavali Taoba... ai es biWi, yuradRebiT rom gvismens ori saaTia, Cemi SviliSvilia, viqtor gerSkoviCi, jaric moiara, iswavla, axla erT- erT wamyvan kompaniaSi muSaobs, 2-metriani ymawvilia, es aris Cemi wamali, Cemi banki, Cemi guli da sicocxle... da Cemi momavalic... - geTanxmebiT, lev maiseeviC, araCveulebrivi zrdili da wesieri axalgazrdaa, Cvenc davrwmundiT am or-samsaaTian urTierTobaSi. RmerTma gvimravlos amgvari axalgazrdoba. - da... erTic... xom ase miyvars Cemi israeli, me mainc vuCivi da arc movusveneb “bituax leumi”-s, vidre me, 89 wlis lev gerSkoviCs, martoxela moxucs, ar daminiSnaven 15-saaTian momvlel qals, da Tqvenc, orTaves, gekiTxebiT, mekuTvnis Tu ara rasac viTxov? - rogorc viciT, “bituax leumi” calke saxelmwifoa... maT TavianTi kriteriumebi aqvT... erTi es gviTxariT, lev maiseeviC, Tqven cota msaxioboba Tu SegiZliaT? - ara, namdvilad ar SemiZlia... - maS, ar gekuTvniT. *** misi codnis, niWis, gamocdilebis gamoyeneba israelSic SeiZleboda. msoflio Wadrakis istoria ebraelTa gareSe warmogidgeniaT? steinicis, laskeris, botvinikis, bronSteinis, talis, fiSeris, kasparovis, debi polgarebis da sxvaTa da uamravTa gareSe? da dRes Tu ezrdeba israels erT-erTi aseTi donis da potencialis moWadrake? Tu momavali Wadrakisa uebraelod unda moviazroT? es sagezeTo problema araa da arc Cveni gadasawyveti, ra Tqma unda, magram tyis gaSenebas rom 120 weli sWirdeba da mis ganadgurebas – ramodenime dRe, es xom viciT mainc. naTaniaSi 20 welia zis Wadrakis cocxali enciklopedia. zis da ixsenebs warsuls, aTvalierebs gacrecil suraTebs, jildoebs, sigelebs, ebrZvis “bituax leumis” (erovnul dazRvevas) da arc ki icis, rom goliaTs ufro daamarcxebs, vidre am biurokratiul monstrs. da mainc – “ad mea ve esrim, lev maiseeviC” – cxovreba xom brZolaa da 120 wlamde egeb daaSamaToT “miqel-gabrielic” da bituax leumic – RmerTma imedi nu mogviSalos – nurc Tqven da nurc Cven. nugzar janaSvili asaki ra mosatania baT–iamis aqtivistTa jgufi qalTa saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT binaze ewvia or xandazmul mandilosans – Tamar jinjixaSvilsa da mis umcros das – raxel jinjixaSvils. isini ara marto debi arian, ara marto erT SenobaSi cxovroben da ara marto oTxmoc wels gadascdnen didi xania... isini dRevandlamde erTad gegmaven, erTad fiqroben da zrunaven axloblebze, Temis problemebze, erTnairad ainteresebT saqveyno saqmeebi. albaT aq yvelaze upriania vixmaroT gamoTqma – “qalis asaki ra mosatania?!.” qalbatoni Tamari, darbaiseli da natifi didi bebia, samedicino dargis damsaxurebuli muSaki, sigelebiTa da janmrTelobis saministros warCinebuli muSakis medliTaa dajildoebuli. amasTan, Tamar krixeli warmoTqvams SabaTis locvas igi sami Svilis deda, uamravi SviliSvilis bebia da SvilTaSvilis didi bebia gaxlavT. israelis saxelmwifoze Seyvarebuli mudamJam mis mzegrZelobaze mlocvelia... q–n Tamaris umcrosi da – raxeli, SesaSuri garegnobisa da saTno bunebis qalbatoni, sicocxlisa da Rimilis motrfialea. ufrosi vaJis sikvdilma daukoda guli, magram aravis ar agrZnobinebs sakuTar tkivils. sul moZraobs, RiRinebs, yovel saqmes xumroba–siciliT akeTebs. dilaadrian ewveva ufros das pirveli sarTulidan mesameze, moikiTxavs, gaamxnevebs. erTad waisauzmeben da Semdeg Tavis binaSi miiCqaris – am dros Cemi qaliSvili rita mirekavs amerikidano!.. sul fusfusebs, sul moZraobs... Sescqeri am SesaniSnav qalbatonebs da fiqrob – ai, visgan unda iswavlos qalma! isini oTxi dani arian, ori “axalgazrda” dac uaxlovdeba ufrosi debis asaks, magram jerjerobiT mxolod lamazad dascinian siberes –aqtiur cxovrebasa da yofas misdeven... da mainc mTavari, risTvisac maT xalxis alali siyvaruli daimsaxures, es gaxlavT debi jinjixaSvilebis mudmivi mzadyofna adamianebis dasaxmareblad. rogorc ki Seityoben raime saqvelmoqmedo RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, oTxiveni mTeli Svilebisa da SviliSvilebis amaliT dairazmebian - mokle droSi Seagroveben saWiro Tanxasa Tu nivTebs da Cumad, yvelasagan dafarulad gagzavnian daniSnulebis adgilze. Cvens mier mirTmeuli lamazi yvavilebi, tkbileuli da saCuqrebi, kidev ufro feradovani gaxda mas Semdeg, rac qalbatonma Tamarma Tavisi cnobili SabaTis locva warmoTqva SesaSuri sizustiTa da xmiT... Cvens aRfrTovanebas sazRvari ar hqonda. amasobaSi q–n izolda krixelma saCuqrad nayid specialur finjnebSi orive das mcenareuli samkurnalo Cai moumzada. vimRereT da vimxiaruleT maTTan erTad. Semdeg ki Tamar jinjixaSvilis qaliSvilebma iseTi sufra gagviSales, romlis naxvasa da dagemovnebas araferi jobda! mxiaruli da sasiamovno Sexvedris Semdeg isRa dagvrCenoda, mTeli suliTa da guliT gvedRegrZelebina jinjixaSvilebis ojaxebi da dagveloca isini Cveneburi, tradiciuli locviT: “ad mea veesrim!” cira boTeraSvili 18 moambe awmyo Sobili warsulisagan aris mSobeli momavalisa eqimis Canaweri kacobriobis progresi sxva araferia ra _ Tu ara is, rom dRidan dRemde ganze iqnes gadaweuli SeuZleblobis sazRvari. i. buziaSvili, r. sefiaSvili da sxv.], aSS-Si [eqimebi m. krixeli, n. koJiaSvili, m. nasyidaSvili da sxv.], saqarTveloSi [prof. g. wiwuaSvili, n. davaraSvili, n. frensis bekoni iosebaSvili da sxv.]. mainc ra aris qarTvel ebraelTa warmatebis saidmerab sareli didi ingliseli moazrovnis zemoaRniSnul gamonaTqvamiT Tu SevafasebT mediumlo? ra gaxda maTi swrafi integraciis safuZveli cinis ganviTarebis dRevandel etaps, marTlac rom sakvirvel suraTs davinaxavT. msoflios sxvadasxva samedicino dawesebulebaSi? pasuxi calsaxaa _ maTi maRali rac guSin ufrosi Taobis eqimebs SeuZleblad miaCndaT, dRes SesaZlebeli gaxda. profesionalizmi. ekonomikurma da teqnikurma progresma adamianis bevri Canafiqri realobad aqcia. dRevandeli eqimi srulad unda flobdes Tanamedrove samedicino inforMmolekuluri biologiis ganviTarebam, urTulesma laboratoriulma da genetimacias da daxvewili praqtikuli Cvevebis karnaxiT moqmedebdes. aqsiomaa, rom kurma gamokvlevebma, uaxlesi teqnologiiT aRWurvili aparaturis samedicino avadmyofis efeqturi mkurnalobisTvis saWiro da aucilebelia medicinis TanapraqtikaSi danergvam, SesaZlebeli gaxada mTeli rigi dRemde ganukurnebadi daamedrove miRwevaTa jerovani codna. vadebebis adreul etapze gamovlena da maTi efeqturi mkurnaloba. Dda yvelaferi raoden sasixaruloa, rom dRes msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis wamyvani unies sxvadasxva Taobis mecnierTa da mkvlevarTa erToblivi Sromis nayofia. versitetebis samedicino fakultetebze codnas ewafebian Cveni Temis axalgazsaqarTvelodan gamosul ebrael eqimTa dRevandeli moRvaweoba warmoudgeneli rdebi. eWvs gareSea, rom isini Rirseuli tradiciebis Rirseuli gamgrZeleblebi iqneboda wina TaobaTa miRwevebis gareSe. magaliTisaTvis aRvniSnav m. sefiaSvils, iqnebian. romelic wlebis manZilze xelmZRvanelobda q. Tbilisis jandacvis ganyofilebas, pativcemulo mkiTxvelo! Eeqimis profesia metad sapatio da amave dros sapaprof. i. qurCiSvils, romelic ganagebda Tbilisis eqimTa daxelovnebis institusuxismgebloc gaxlavT. saqarTvelodan gamosuli ebraeli eqimebi vgrZnobT Cvens tis medicinis istoriis kaTedras, g. boTeraSvils, romelic samtrediis raionis pasuxismgeblobas qarTveli ebraeli Temis mimarT. Ees pasuxismgebloba warmoSobs janganis Tavkaci gaxldaT, prof. d. mixaels [mixelaSvils] _israelis jandacvis urTierTpativiscemas, did siyvaruls, romelic Cveni erToblivi winsvlisa da warsaministros me-2 portfelis mflobels, ixilovis saavadmyofos direqtors da matebis sawindaria. vsargeblob SemTxveviT da mogmarTavT TxovniT, gamogvigzavnoT sxv. Tqveni korespondenciebi Semdegi rubrikebisTvis:.1. “kvali naTeli [gaxseneba],’’ 2. dResac Cvens Tems Rirseul medikosTa SesaniSnavi pleada amSvenebs, romlebic “’icnobdeT _ Cveni Tanamemamulea,’’ 3. “’axalgazrda specalisti.’’ warmatebiT moRvaweoben israelSi [prof. m. mani, eqimebi i. xanani, r. eligeri, m. merab sareli papiaSvili, n. manaSerovi, z. iakobaSvili, d. sariTi, r. gefeni da sxv.], evropaSi israelis x. Sibas sax. samedicino centris sauniversiteto qirurgiuli klinikis [prof. S. mardi, eq. n. davaraSvili, S. boTeraSvili da sxv.], ruseTSi [akademikosebi ufrosi eqimi, saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis samedicino komisiis Tavmjdomare, medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. idumali sityvebi israeli - samyaros safuZveli Cveni wminda wignebi gvaswavlian, rom samyaro RmTis aTi gamoTqmiT Seiqmna anu ebrauli anbanis asoebiT. am asoebis sxvadasxvagvari Sexameba gvaZlevs sityvas. magram sityva ufro metia, vidre asoebis ubralo kombinacia. sityvas Tavisi azri gaaCnia, romelic asoebze aRmatebulia da mbrZaneblobs maTze. amrigad, asoebiT TamaSi ubralo saqme araa. saidumlo swavlebis mixedviT, es ara imdenad asoebiT TamaSia, ramdenadac gansazRvruli ZalebiT. asoebiTa da sityvebiT TamaSs seriozuli da Rrma azri aqvs, damoukideblad imisa, maT ukan simbolur Tu realur Zalebs aRviqvamT. Tqma ar unda, rom enobrivi TvalsazrisiT asoebs fonetikuri mniSvneloba aqvT, da am kuTxiT isini sxvadasaxva SexamebiT kvlav da kvlav warmoiqmnebian ( da warmoiTqmebian). magram asoebi ar unda ganvixiloT rogorc mxolod anbanis nawili; isini Tavisi arsiT elementarul Zalebs warmoadgenen, da swored am mimarTulebiT erTiandebian da sxvadasxva gzebiT examebian erTmaneTs. ebrauli asoebi TavianT sinaTles RvTiuri wyarodan iReben, da maTi mniSvneloba da naTeba gamudmebiT icvleba, msgavsad imisa, rogorc mTvare da dedamiwa sul mudam sxvadasxvagvarad aireklaven mzis sinaTles, da es maT urTierTmdebareobazea damokidebuli. RvTiuri enis asoebi ara mxolod samyaros qmnian. isini adamiansac qmnian, romelic Tavis TavSi yvela inteleqtualur dones moicavs. ase rom, RvTiuri enis asoebi Sors arian adamianis mier mogonilisagan. amasTanave, SeuZlebelia Rm-Tisa da adamianis metyveleba erTmaneTs SevadaroT. rodesac saubaria Rm-Tis metyvelebis Sesaxeb, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba ara is, rom Rm-Ti gamoscems raRac bgerebs, aramed is, rom zmnebi – “Tqma” an “warmoTqma” – aRniSnaven garkveul mimarTebebs _ azris gadatanas erTi ganzomilebidan meoreSi. fraziT _ “Rm-Tma Tqva”_ vcdilobT is azri gamovxatoT, rom man garkveuli gaazrebuli Setyobineba maRali donidan gadmosca ufro dabalze. Dda vinaidan Cven iZulebuli varT saxeebiT visargebloT, ra Tqma unda Sesaferisi metaforis sasesxeblad pirvel rigSi Cvenive sulier cxovrebas mivmarTavT. m o S e s Tumca amgvari Sedarebidan raRacis Semecneba mainc SeiZleba. kerZod: fizikurad adamianis metyveleba sunTqvazea dafuZnebuli. es fundamenturi sunTqva, romelsac jer kidev ar sdevs Tan bgera, sxeulis organoebis ZalisxmeviT rom warmoiqmneba, Cveulebriv aRiniSneba pirveli asoTi _ “alef”; rogorc didma ebraelma kabalistma _ arizalma Tqva, asoTi, romelic moklebulia nivTobriobas. aqedanaa gamoTqma, rom samyaro Seiqmna “alefi”-s meSveobiT. esaa sunTqva _ mdumare, arara, esaa mamoZravebeli Zala, romelic yvela sxva asos ukan dgas, asoebisa, romlebic fonetikis TvalsazrisiT tuCebis, piris, enis, xorxis da a.S. saSualebiT sunTqvis kontrolis, cimcumis (SekumSva) Sedegad warmoiqmnebian. amrigad, ebrauli anbanis ocdaori aso _ qmnadobis fundamentaluri elementebis proeqciebi an simboloebi arian. yoveli aso raRac gansakuTrebul, konkretul Zalas asaxavs; asoebi _ specifikuri Zalebia, romlebic SemozRudulia, Semofarglulia. amdenad, sityva mravali sxvadasxva Zalis Sexamebaa, da sityvis warmoTqma _ raRac axlis, manamde ararsebulis gaCenaa, Seqmnaa sinaTlisa an myarisa, an zRvaSi romelime cicqna Tevzis farflisa. saerTo sityva _ sinaTle, an zRva, an zRvis arsebani, _ dayvanil unda iqnas usasrulod mcire detalebamde. amdenad Rm-Tis metyvelebis, RvTaebrivi enis asoebi _ garkveuli Setyobinebis, informaciis, ambis umciresi fragmentebia. isini aucilebelia moqmedebis dawyebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. isev gavimeorebT, rom RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi uaRresad vrcelia imisaTvis, raTa konkretuli gavlena iqonios calkeul adamianze. isini detalebad unda daiSalon, specifikur situacias rom miesadagon. aviRoT, magaliTad, RvTiuri siyvaruli _ SeuZlebelia is erTbaSad gadmoiRvarosMmTeli Tavisi siZlieriTa da yovlismomcvelobiT. is unda SeikumSos, SeiZinos mimarTuleba, forma, Tviseba, gansazRvruloba. sxva sityvebiT, imisaTvis, raTa qmediTi iyos, siyvaruli unda gadmovides Tavisi “asoebiT”, an maTi kombinaciiT. sityvebi is Suamavalebia, romlebic Tvisebas, impulss mimarTulebas aZleven, ubiZgeben moqmedebisaken, avseben zogadsa da konkretuls Soris ar- k v e r T x i es kverTxi, samyaros dabadebis meeqvse dRes, Sebindebisas Seiqmna da ufalma gadasca adams samoTxeSi. adamidan igi gadavida enoxTan, enoxidan simasTan. Semdeg ki memkvidreobiT gadaecemoda abraams, isaks, iakobs, da bolos _ iosebs. iosebis sikvdilis Semdeg kverTxi faraonma daisakuTra. iTrom _ egviptelma varskvlavTmricxvelma _ romelic gumaniT grZnobda am kverTxis grZneul Zalas, gamosTxova faraons igi da Tavis baRSi sebuli napralis udides nawils. Aase magaliTad, imisaTvis, raTa xesedma sinaTle warmoqmnas, unda moxdes yovlismomcveli RvTiuri siyvarulis Zalis gardaqmna iseT eTer TofCiaSvili specifikur movlenaSi, rogoricaa sinaTle. imisaTvis, rom sinaTle warmoqmniliyo, da ara raime sxva, metyvelebas unda mieRo specifikuri sityvieri forma: “dae iyos sinaTle!” Tumca, gansxvavebiT adamianTa Soris urTierTobisagan, fraza araviskenaa mimarTuli. Ees asoTa Sexamebaa, da yoveli aso aq gansakuTrebuli gamocxadebaa. Aam gamoTqmis mizania sasruli da konkretuli gaxdes is, rac sxvagvarad usasrulo da abstraqtuli iqneboda. Aamitomaa, rom Tumca sinaTlec da wyalic _ orive xesedis gamovlinebaa, CvenTvis isini erTi da igive saxiT, ra Tqma unda, ar warmoCindeba, erTi da igive araa. cneba “sinaTle”-c ki _ zogadi cnebaa, rameTu sinaTle sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba iyos. imisaTvis, raTa sinaTle warmoqmniliyo, brZanebas Tan unda xleboda uamravi dazusteba, da swored am dazustebebs Seicaven gamoTqmis _ “dae iyos sinaTle!” _ asoebi. Ees erTgvari urTulesi ERvTiuri kodia. Toris yoveli aso, yoveli xmovani, yoveli maxvili _ informaciis esa Tu is donea. amasTanave sityvis mniSvnelobis mixedviT yoveli aso axal sazriss iZens. ase rom erTi da igive asos, imave formisa da agebulebis mqones, sxva konteqstSi SesaZlebelia sruliad sxva azri hqondes. asoebis erTi da igive kombinaciebic ki sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva rames SeiZleba aRniSnavdnen. maTi yoveli axali Sexameba _ raime qmnilebis namdvili saxelia. ase rom, yvelafers, Seqmnils gamCenis mier, sakuTari saxeli gaaCnia, specifikuri mxolod misTvis, romelic asoebisagan Sedgeba da integrirebulia ufro farTe konteqstSi _ sityvaSi. prof. eTer TofCiaSvili-gigineiSvili ebrauli Tqmuleba dargo _ sxva xeebs Soris. magram idumali xeli akavebda mas da am kverTxis miaxloebis SesaZleblobas ar aZlevda. da ai, gamoCnda moSe, waikiTxa kverTxze gamosaxuli uCveulo sityvebi, gaiwoda misken marjvena da daubrkoleblad aiRo xelSi. amis Semxedvare iTro mixvda, rom uzenaesis nebiT swored moSes unda gaeTavisuflebina ebraelebi da gadawyvita, misTvis mieTxovebina Tavisi qaliSvili cifora. rabi eliazar ben horkanusis mixedviT gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! 19 semk cotaodeni ram kabalis Sesaxeb „adamianis sulma unda icodes sulieri samyaroebis buneba, imisaTvis, raTa SeZlos maTSi cxovreba. manam, sanam suli ar miaRwevs Tavis fesvTan Serwymas, is iZulebulia itanjos droisa da sivrcis xlarTebSi.“ (rabaniTi feiga aSlagi) kabalistebi amboben, rom suli Semqmnelis nawilia maRlidan, msgavsad kldidan motexili qvisa da maT Soris araviTari sxvaoba ar arsebobs, ubralod erTi mTelia da meore – nawili. kabalis arsi Semqmnelis SegrZnebis Ziebis meTods kabala ewodeba. me–20 saukunis udidesi kabalisti, wigni „zoaris„ komentarebis ocdaerTtomeulis da haris wignebis komentarebis eqvstomeulis avtori – rabi iehuda aSlagi (baal sulami) Tavis statiaSi „kabalis arsi“ kabalis aseT ganmartebas iZleva: „kabala, arc meti da arc naklebi, warmoadgens umaRlesi Zalebis zemodan qvemoT daSvebis mizez–Sedegobriv Tanmimdevrobas, romelic absolutur da mudmiv kanonebs eqvemdebareba. Zalebis, romlebic gaerTianebuli da mimarTulia erTi uaRresad maRali miznis misaRwevad, rasac „adamianisaTvis Semqmnelis amqveynad gamovlena“ ewodeba.“ ubralo sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, kabala aris adamianis mier umaRlesi Zalis – Semqmnelis Secnobis meTodika. Semqmneli Cvengan dafarulia. amitom adamiani mis irgvliv mxolod materialur samyaros – Sedegebis samyaros aRiqvams, meore nawili ki, romelsac „umaRlesi samyaro“ – mizezebis samyaro ewodeba da romelic Cvens samyaros marTavs, dafarulia Cveni aRqmis organoebisagan. amitom CvenTvis gaugebaria CvenSi da Cvens cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebis namdvili mizezebi da maTi Sedegebi. aqedan gamomdinare, xSirad ise viqceviT, rogorc ugunuri arsebebi. kabalistebis azriT, swored am umaRlesi marTvis miznis da kanonebis ucodinaroba, Cveni maTdami Seusabamobaa adamianTa tanjvis ZiriTadi mizezi. anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, amqveynad Cven mxolod erTi ram gvaklia – Semqmnelis SegrZneba! „adamianis mTavari samuSao, is umTavresi ram, rasac man cxovrebaSi unda miaRwios, mxolod Semqmnelis SegrZnebaa, rom SeigrZnos misi realoba, is, rom mTeli samyaro misi didebiTaa savse. da am SegrZnebis (da ara sxva ramis) misaRwevad unda ixmaros adamianma yvela Rone.“ (baal sulami, „SamaTi“, statia №4) kabala ubralod codnas ki ar aZlevs adamians sulieri samyaros agebulebis Sesaxeb, aramed Sinaganad cvlis mas. adamiani iwyebs yovelive imis SegrZnebas, rasac swavlobs. es meTodika saSualebas aZlevs mas, monaxos Tavis cxovrebaSi is wertili, sadac namdvilad gaaCnia Tavisufali arCevani da amiT realurad Secvalos Tavisi momavali. udidesi kabalisti – rav kuki ambobda: „iseve rogorc adamiani valdebulia Seeguos materialur bunebas da mis kanonebs, is aseve valdebulia Seeguos sulieri bunebis kanonebsac, romlebic mTels samyaroSi batonoben, samyaroSi, romlis nawilic TviT adamiania.“ kabalisti kabalisti is adamiania, romelmac sulieri samyaro Seicno. adamiani, romelic erTdroulad or samyaroSi cxovrobs – fizikursa da sulierSi. ufro sworad, misTvis es erTi didi, usasrulod ufro naTeli, savse da mravalferovani samyaroa. amaSi araferi saswaulebrivi araa, radgan is, kabalis swavlis meSveobiT, Tavisi aRqmis diapazons iseve afarTovebs, rogorc magaliTad mecnieri, romelic mikroskops an teleskops iRebs xelSi. erTi SexedviT kabalisti aravisgan gamoirCeva, magram Sinagani mzeriT is xedavs mTeli samyaros agebulebas, movlenebis mizezs da maT mizans. es garkveulwilad amonaqarg suraTs waagavs: wina mxridan Cven ubralod suraTs vxedavT, xolo ukana mxridan Zafebis urTules bades, romelic am suraTs qmnis, gansazRvravs mas da TviTonac warmoadgens Tavisebur suraTs. amis msgavsad kabalisti ZalTa im dafarul bades aRiqvams, romelic Cvens realobas, Cveni cxovrebis suraTs xatavs. saukuneebis manZilze kabalistebi maT mier miRebul codnas Taobidan Taobas zepirad da werilobiT gadascemdnen. yvela droSi aseTi adamianebi erTeulebi iyvnen da kabalis saidumloebaTa gasaRebi mxolod maT xelT iyo. aman, ra Tqma unda, uamravi miTi da stereoti pi warmoSva kabalis irgvliv. TviT kabalistebi, saukuneebis manZilze arc ki cdilobdnen am miTebisa da stereoti pebis gaqarwylebas, ufro metic, xSirad TviT isini qmnidnen maT, radgan maTi azriT kacobrioba jer kidev ar iyo mzad kabalis Sesaswavlad. maT xalxis mier kabalisturi teqstebisa da meTodikis araswori interpretaciis SiSi hqondaT. amasTan kabalistebi am codnas Tanabrad umalavdnen rogorc arareligiur, aseve religiur masebs. isini elodebodnen iseT dros, rodesac adamiani ganviTarebis iseT dones miaRwevda, roca SeZlebda kabalisturi codnis miRebas da mis swor gamoyenebas. me–16 saukuneSi yvela drois udidesma kabalistma harim safuZveli Cauyara kabalis axal, gansakuTrebul – lureanul meTodikas, romelic SemdgomSi me–20–e saukunis udidesma kabalistma, iehuda aSlagma (baal sulami) ganaviTara. man haris Sromebs Cveni TaobisaTvis Sesabamisi adaptireba gaukeTa da aucilebeli komentarebi daurTo. baal sulamis moswavlem da gzis gamgrZelebelma, misma ufrosma vaJma, rav barux Salom aSlagma (rabaSi) SeZlo mamis mier naswavlebi iseT formaSi gadmoeca, rom gamosadegi yofiliyo Semqmnelis SegrZnebisagan yvelaze mSvidobiT, genioso! Cvenma Temma, sazogadoebriobam, israelis kulturulma samyarom gamorCeuli pirovneba dakarga - 54 wlis asakSi gardaicvala didi mxatvari, sayovelTaod aRiarebuli xelovani - meir fiCxaZe. israelis presa farTod gamoexmaura mis gardacvalebas. ai, zogierTi amonaridi gamoqveynebuli statiebidan: `meir fiCxaZis xelovnebam SeZra israelis sazogadoebrioba. misma gulwrfelma da mgrZnobiare bunebam, pirovnulma momxibvlelobam, gansakuTrebul niWierebasTan erTad, mravali adamianis guli moinadira da igi Tanamedroveobis gamorCeul xelovanad aqcia~ (`iedioT axronoT~). ‘‘dRes israelis kulturis samyaro Tavs xris meir fiCxaZis winaSe. igi israelis xelovnebis fonze gansakuTrebuli stiliT gamoirCeoda. meir fiCxaZis mravalmxrivi niWi yvelas dagvakldeba’’ (israelis kulturis ministri limor livnaTi)’’. `gardaicvala meir fiCxaZe da Tavisi gardacvalebiT ukanasknelad SeZra israelis xelovnebis samyaro’’ (gaz. `maariv’’). saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi uerTdeba israelis kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweTa did gulistkivils da samZimars ucxadebs gansvenebulis ojaxs. ufro daSorebuli, magram ukve masTan kavSiris maZiebeli Cveni sulebisaTvis. baal sulamamde da rabaSamde uamravi brZeni iyo, magram maTi gansakuTrebuloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am kabalistebma, daasrules ra sulierebis „titanebisagan“ informaciis gadmocema, SeZles misi morgeba sulTa axali TaobisaTvis. ai ras wers es ukanaskneli Tavisi wignis „aTi sfiris Talmudis“ SesavalSi: „survili maqvs davamsxvrio is rkinis kedeli, romelic kabalasa da Cvens Soris aRmarTula da gvaSorebs erTmaneTs - moyolebuli taZris dangrevidan Cvens Taobamde”. Tanamedrove adamiani ukve momzadebulia kabalisturi informaciis aRsaqmelad. man ganviTarebis iseT safexurs miaRwia, rom mzadaa umaRlesi samyaro warmoidginos ZalTa velebis, energiis, Suqis samyarod, samyarod materiis zemoT. swored aseTi samyaros, Zalebis, azrebis, Suqis samyaros Sesaxeb laparakobs kabala. winapiroba antuan de sent ekziuperi Tavis moTxrobaSi „adamianTa miwa“ moTvinierebul gazelebs ixseniebs, romlebic rkinis badiT SemoRobil sadgomSi cxovroben da arasodes ganucdiaT Tavisufleba. miuxedavad amisa, isini gamudmebiT rqebiT ubiZgeben Robes, TiTqos tyveobidan Tavis daRwevas cdilobeno. maT arc ki esmiT, rom es moqmedeba ganTavisuflebis maT qvecnobier survils gamoxatavs da ase, tyveobaSi, SeuZliaT mTeli cxovreba gaataron. „uyureb maT da fiqrob“,–ambobs ekziuperi, „maT sevda swvavT. sevda – es roca gsurs raRac, Sen TviTon ar ici ra... is arsebobs, is idumali da sanukvari, magram SeuZlebelia amis sityviT gamoxatva. Cven ki, Cven ra gvaklia?“... „veraferi Seedreba sulieri sisavsis im SegrZnebas, romelic Cven, CvenTvis gaucnobiereblad, ase gvwyuria.“... „rogor miiRweva is, es Sinagani Tavisufleba?“ (antuan de sent ekziuperi, adamianTa miwa) Cvenc aseve gamomwyvdeulebi varT sakuTar TavSi da ase weliwadi weliwads misdevs, dRe – dRes, wuTi – wuTs. Cveni cxovreba midis, ileva... ratom, risTvis? kabalis Sesaswavlad gansakuTrebuli winapiroba arsebobs – adamianis mwvave survili - Seityos Tavisi cxovrebis azri da gaxdes Tavisufali. „Tuki yuradRebas mivapyrobT mxolod erT, yvelasaTvis cnobil SekiTxvas, darwmunebuli var, rom Tqveni yvela kiTxva da eWvi kabalis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT umal gaqarwyldeba – es mwvave, mtkivneuli, samarTliani SekiTxvaa, romelic yovel amqveynad Sobils uCndeba: „ra aris Cveni cxovrebis azri?“ (iehuda leib halevi aSlagi, „swavleba aTi sfiris Sesaxeb“) „Cven ukve xsnis pirasa varT da gvesmis „didi sayviris xma“. magram is jer kidev Cumi SrialiviT gaismis; iseve rogorc yovelive diadi mciresgan iwyeba, aseve iwyeba sayviris xma da igi TandaTanobiT Zlierdeba... Cveni Taoba xsnis Rirsia, imdenad ramdenadac is ukanaskneli Taobaa – Taoba, mdgomi sruli xsnis zRvarze da amitom Rirsi „maSiaxis Sofaris xmis“ gagonebisa, romlis arsic yvelasaTvis Seqmnis umaRlesi saidumloebis gamxelaSia.“ baal sulami, „maSiaxis Sofari“ წყარო: კაბალის საერთაშორისო აკადემია http://www.kabbalah.info/ მკითხველთა მოსაზრებებისა და კითხვებისათვის [email protected] gazeTis redaqciisagan: Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo, Cvens mier zemoT SemoTavazebuli masala, kabalis sibrZnis Sesaxeb, mowodebulia kabalis Semswavleli saganmanaTleblo organizaciis – kabalis saerTaSoriso akademiis mier. Cveni mizania mkiTxvelma miiRos SeZlebisamebr sruli informacia am sibrZnis Sesaxeb, amitom moxaruli viqnebiT gazeTis furclebi davuTmoT nebismier kompetentur pirs (sasuliero moRvawe iqneba is Tu mecnieri) an organizacias, romelic moisurvebs Cvens gazeTSi kabalaze damatebiTi informaciis, statiebis an kabalisturi pirvelwyaroebis qarTuli Targmanebis gamoqveynebas. 20 moambe sinagogis kedlebSi Cakiruli istoria "zrizim makdimim qebaTa-qeba maT, lemicvoT" vinc micvebis qveynad ori ebraelic rom darCes, erTi idaraSebs, meore ki moismens. moaruli gamoTqma Sesrulebas eswrafvis Cveni sazogadoebisTvis cnobilia, rom gasul wels TbilisSi gaimarTa e.w. aSqenazebis ganaxlebuli sinagogis sazeimo gaxsnis ceremoniali. RonisZiebaSi didZali xalxi monawileobda. zeims daeswro da SekrebilTa winaSe sityva warmoTqva saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma. stumarTa Soris imyofeboda saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis delegacia _ kongresis prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis Ggabriel mirilaSvilis meTaurobiT [dawvrilebiTi angariSi am RonisZiebis Sesaxeb gamoqveynda kongresis Jurnal ‘’erToba’’-Si.]. sinagogis yoveli Senoba calke aRebuli istoriaa _ qvaSi gacxadebuli istoria. erTi aseTi dramatuli istoriis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs winamdebare statiis avtoric. 2009 wlis 15 seqtemberi. UuCveulo, SeiZleba iTqvas, sadResaswaulo ganwyobiT aRsavse dRe gaTenda Tbilisis ebrauli TemisaTvis. mizezi, namdvilad, gamorCeulad mniSvnelovani iyo. egreT wodebuli aSqenazebis salocavi axali sicocxlis aTvlas iwyebda.A didi madloba evraziul kongressa da mis prezidents aleqsandre maSkeviCs, biznesmenebs _ Temur safirsa da daviT iakobaSvils, saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongress, inJinrebs, mSeneblebs, muSebs, yvela imas, vinc CvenTvis es dRe realuri da cxadi gaxada. Cveni gazeTis furclebze gadavwyviteT im pirovnebis gaxseneba, romelic aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTel dReebs swored am locvaSi atarebda, da sxvebTan erTad yvelafers akeTebda salocavis funqcionirebisaTvis. es pirovneba gaxldaT batoni qoen malqiel exiskelaSvili. did madloba mis vaJs, kakos, romelmac gadmomca gansvenebuli mamis Canawerebi. es Canawerebi Seicavs metad saintereso masalas Cveni warsulis ukeT gasacnobad. baton malqiels aRwerili aqvs TiTqmis 100 wlis winandeli Tbilisis kolorituli cxovreba; Zveli Tbilisi _ Tavisi qarvaslebiT, maRaziebiT, Rvinis sardafebiT, mekurtne muSebiTa da meezove qurTebiT; cocxlad da xelSesaxebad aqvs dasuraTxatebuli is adgilebi, romelSic umetesad ebraelebi saxlobdnen, aqvea “`”’~qoanimebis~” ubani Tavisi ezogaremoTi, mcxovrebTa gvarebiT, CaixanebiT, kintoebiT, vaWrebiT, safosto yuTebiT, ~“tunelis”~ SesasvlelTan aRebuli civi wylis gamyidvelebiT, Tbilisis sami qaSeri sasadiloTi (efro goreliSvili, xozi ioseba, gegelaT israelai davidaSvili), ebraelTa savaWroebiT _ Tofebad dalagebuli abreSumiT, farCebiT, kaverkotiTa da bastoniT, batistiT, mitkliT, xaliCebiTa da aTasgvari sxva qsoviliT. aRwerili aqvs bazrebi. mogviTxrobs, rogor moxvda misi ojaxi “Sav siaSi” da Semdeg rogor warimarTa misi cxovreba _ tipografia, swavla safinanso ekonomikurze, buRaltrad muSaoba finansTa saministroSi... CamoTvlili aqvs Tbilisis sinagogebi, kaSenis quCis #9-Si arsebuli ebraelTa rvaklasiani 102–e Sromis skola _ maswavleblebiT (skolis gamge _ iefim isakiC kokielovi); ivaniZis quCaze mdebare ebraelTa istoriis muzeumi _ yofili saldaTebis salocavi, aseve salocavi kaTolikebis quCaze, ebraeli axalgazrdebis mier Camoyalibebuli Teatri, sadac gercel baazovis piesebi idgmeboda. mogviTxrobs “~Raribkomebze da ozetze~”, gviyveba swavlul lineckize, (daxvrites zaira davaraSvili 1937 wels); lineckis ojaxidan wamoRebul Salom koboSvilis mier Sesrulebul suraTze “~espaneTis inkvizicia~”, aRwers rabi kufCans, rogorc metad darbaisel, warmosadeg pirovnebas da sxv. gTavazobT nawyvets baton malqiel exiskelaSvilis Canawerebidan (stili daculia). “1953 wels ianvris TveSi, mziani, Tbili, sasiamovno dila gaTenda. Dda, rodesac mravalni salocavSi salocavad mieSurebodnen, kaci Tu qali, ras xedaven: ‘’kagebes’’ da miliciis TanamSromlebs yvela sinagoga dauluqiaT da misul ebrael xalxs salocavad aRar uSveben. amasTanave furneSi macis cxoba mimdinareobda. macaze momuSave muSebsac Semosvla aukrZales. sinagogis karebTan mcvelebi idgnen. im Ramesve patimrobaSi iyvnen ayvanili rabi yimanuel daviTaSvili, xaxmebi israel babalikaSvili, abram janaSvili, gamgeobidan abram gujiaS- vili, israel janaSvili, CanCalaSvili. amave dros daluqul iqna cxinvalelebis locva, da aSkenazebis locva. aSkenazebis locvidan patimrobaSi ayvanil iyvnen _ rabi kufCani, umaRlesi ToriT da iuridiuli akademikosi, ilia leiboviCi, iosef moskiCi da sxvebi”. Semdeg b-n malqiels aRwerili aqvs didi salocavi: “qalaq Tbilisis didi sinagoga _erT-erTi saukeTeso sinagoga. didebuli, Zalze maRali, aguriT naSeni ori sarTuli, axalcixel ebraelTa fuliT agebuli, brolis eleqtro WaRebi, iatakze lamazad dafenili ‘’daroSkebi’’, tyavze dawerili moSes sefer-Torebi, macis gamosacxobi samuSao manqanebi, ezoSi macis gamosacxobad daWrili 200 metro SeSa, gamomcxvari 5 tona maca, 20 tona fqvili tomrebiT – mTlad waiRes. mTlad daangries sinagogis naweri Semosaval-gasavlis sabuTebi, wignebi gamoitanes da rac moaswres, gam- gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! oitanes ezoSi, waukides cecxli, dawves. didi kvamli adioda caSi. gareT xalxi uyurebda; bevrs cremlebi sdioda Tvalebidan. Talmud Toris xis Senoba mTlad gaanadgures. frTeulis saklavi Senoba mTlad daangries. xis masala, yvela inventari manqanebiT mihqondaT _ 65 sefer-Tora, seferToris Tajebi, bevri sxva faseulobani. gareT myofi xalxi - ebraeli, qarTveli, somexi, azerbaijanelebi, Turqebi - am suraTs uyurebdnen da CurCulebdnen. ori dRis Semdeg daibares gamgeobis danarCeni wevrebi: iakob SaTaraSvili, aron ZorelaSvili da me _ malqiel exiskelaSvili; salocavi rom gaaRes, SevediT, ras vxedavT: sabuTebi, saangariSo wignebi, rveulebi iatakze iyo dayrili, fexebiT zed sabuTebze dadiodnen, salocavis SigniT iatakis ficrebi adgil-adgil acvenili iyo. gviTsres: revizia unda CavataroTo... es gafantuli Canaweri, Semosavalgasavlis rveulebi, aRricxvianobis Jurnalebi avkrife iatakidan, davawyve Tveebad, wlebad, ris Semdeg daiwyes revizia. Oori kvire mimdinareobda dokumentaluri revizia. saocari siswrafiT gavrcelda xma sinagogebis daluqvaze _ kaci Tu qali, yvelani mocvivdnen saxlebidan da kiTxulobdnen: ra xdeba, yvirodnen, ratom daluqeT sinagoga _ gamCenis saxli, es xom wminda saxlia _ gamCenis qeba–didebisa... Cven ebraelebi varT, araviTar politikur muSaobas ar vqadagebT, vloculobT yovel dila-saRamos. Tavs SevaklavT da sinagogas ar dagaketinebT, waRebul sefer-Torebs ukan davibrunebT. Aar kmara, rom omSi germanelebma 6 milioni ebraeli _ kacebi, qalebi, bavSvebi _ gaSiSvlebulebi, Tmebgadaparsulebi _ amoTxril veberTela ormoebSi cocxlad Cahyares da zemodan tyviebi daaxales, zogsac wvavdnen, da axrCobdnen... exla aqac daiwyeT ebraelebis awiokeba, gandevna, gadasaxleba, dapatimreba... maTgan mxolod myrali sityvebi ismoda _ ukve mosulia miTiTeba, ramdenime Tqvens xalxs gavasaxlebTo. me, malqiel exiskelaSvilma, piradad vnaxe es suraTi: Sua transportis sasiarulo gzaze usinaTlo daTiko Saliaxovi dawva. mogrovda xalxi, manqanebma CarTes signalebi, mocvivda bevri policieli, Seiqna tirili,…yvirili. Oori dRis Semdeg sinagogaSi kedlidan meore kedlamde gaabes wiTel naWerze warwera leninis sityvebiT. exalTan Camokides farda kinosuraTis saCveneblad. salocavad Sesuli xalxi ukan gamobrunda. ebraelebis saxlebSi daiwyes Cxreka. zogs udanaSaulod xsnidnen samsaxuridan. yvelas eSinoda. xalxi, gadasaxlebis molodinSi, Cemodnebze da boxCebze ijda, an Tu vinmes raime Zvirfasi nivTi ebada, momzadebuli hqonda. SeSinebulebma da dazafrulebma, ar icodnen, ramden dros miscemdnen gasaxlebisTvis. 1953 wlis furimis dilas radiom gadmosca cnoba stalinis avadmyofobis (tvinSi sisxlis Caqcevis) Sesaxeb. es Zalian sawyeni iyo mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris mosaxleobisTvis. xalxSi miTqma-moTqma gavrcelda: iqneb gamCenma nesi dagvmarTos, aministia gamocxaddes, locvebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis wevrebi da sxvebi gaanTavisuflon da am ubedurebas, am tanjva-awiokebas da Cagvras gadavurCeTo. Mmeore dRes gadmosces cnoba radioTi: ioseb besarionoviC stalini gardaicvala. didi glova iyo. gamokruli iyo warwerebi quCebSi, kedlebze, gamofenili iyo SavnaWriani droSebi. mTeli dRe radioTi gadmoicemoda samgloviaro musika. gavida ori kvira. gamocxadda aministia. rabebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis wevrebi _ yvela ganTavisuflebuli iqna. xalxi sixaruliT tiroda. locvis kedlebidan Camoglijes gakruli suraTebi da wiTel naWrebze dawerili leninis lozungebi, saCqarod daiwyes locvis dasufTaveba. locvis kantoraSi Seikriba gamgeoba. Dyvelas axsovda, sadac hqondaT dabinavebuli salocavidan waRebuli inventarebi. me, malqielma, zepirad vicodi yvela sagani. qaRaldze Camovwere inventarebis CamonaTvali. daviqiraveT didi manqana, wavediT _ me, malqieli, buhRalteri, xaim ajamelaSvili, amnon cacanaSvili, abram ajamelaSvili. dawerili siis mixedviT moviTxoveT sefer-Torebi da sxva nivTebi, wamoviReT salocavSi. manqana salocavTan gaCerda. xalxi mocvivda sixaruliT, tiriliT. manqanidan awvdidnen sefer-Torebs. TiTo adamians TiTo sefer-Tora ekava xelSi _ neli nabijebiT, simReriTa da galobiT miabrZanebdnen exal-akodeSSi dasabrZaneblad.” da ase Semdeg... “iyo rTuli periodi, roca aSkenazebis locva-sinagogaSi mlocvelebis ricxvi Semcirda. zogs isic ki undoda, rom sinagoga daketiliyo. salocavis SenobasTan iyo qalebis didi samkervalo. maT surdaT am salocavis aReba da klubad gadaqceva. am periodSi, yovel dilas da saRamos, locvis dawyebis win, videqi gareT, fexiT sasiarulo gzaze da didi TxovniT, siyvarulobiT vexvewebodi yvelas, erTi saaTiT SeerTebodnen minians, rom gamCenis samsaxuri ar Sewyvetiliyo. madloba RmerTs, dRemde locva arsebobs da mimdinareobs.’’ Qqoen malqieli. 07-2007 weli. vubrundebi 15 seqtembris Tbilisis oqrosferi Semodgomis mzian dilas da im eniT gamouTqmel sixaruls, didi salocavis mimdebare teritoriidan aSqenazebis salocavisaken leseliZis quCaze seferTorebiT xelSi mocekvave da momRerali xalxis xilva rom iwvevda. Ees dRe namdvilad “Rm-Tma Seqmna CvenTvis samxiarulod da vimxiaruleT kidec.” Q qoen malqiel exiskelaSvilis neSama ki, darwmunebuli var, CvenTan erTad mxiarulobda... zecaSi. zaira davaraSvili istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori 21 semk vaSingtonis ebrauli centri - jei si si as welze meti xnis winaT merilendis Statis qalaq baltimorSi Camoyalibda pirveli ebrauli axalgazrduli centri. baltimoris magaliTs male wabaZes sxva qalaqebis sazogadoebrivma jgufebma da msgavsi organizaciebis Camoyalibeba daiwyes. dReisaTvis aSS-Si 400-ze meti msgavsi centri funqcionirebs da 750.000-ze met wevrs iTvlis. ebrauli centrebis Camoyalibebis istoria saTaves iRebs gasuli saukunis dasawyisidan.Aaxalgazrda aqtivistebi vaSingtonis pirvel quCaze mdebare uiliam robertsis saxlSi Seikribnen ebrauli klubis Camoyalibebis samomavlo perspeqtivis gansaxilvelad. imavdroulad ebraul wreebSi didi vaSingtonis farglebSi iseTi struqturis Seqmnaze bWobdnen,romelic ebrauli cxovrebis centralizacias da reglamentirebas moaxdenda. gadawyda me-16-e da “qiu”-stritis gadakveTaze mdebare Senobis Sesyidva da restavrireba.Aamas garda, ebrauli saTvistomos ZalisxmeviT Tanxebi gamoiyo “rokvil paiksa da montroz roudis” magistralebs Soris gadaWimuli miwis nakveTis Sesasyidad,sadac 1969 wlis maisidan funqcionirebs didi vaSingtonis ebrauli sazogadoebrivi centri – SemoklebiT – ‘’jei si si.’’ Tuki dasawyisSi ebrauli centri sportuli jgufebisa da saleqcio fondebis CamoyalibebiT Semoifargleboda, dReisaTvis igi uzarmazar sazogadoebriv organizaciad iqca, romelic 17.000mde mudmiv wevrs aerTianebs, xolo mis seqciebSi 80.000-ze meti[!] kaci monawileobs... centris wliuri fondi 6.5 milion dolars aRemateba. ebrauli centris saqmianoba da misi sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba imdenad mravlismomcvelia, programebi ki – ise mravalferovani, rom amaze laparaki Sors wagviyvans, amdenad, ramdenime maTganis CamoTvliT davkmayofildeT: xandazmulTa janmrTelobis reabilitaciis mizniT Seiqmna sagangebo seqciebi, saleqcio programebi... centrSi usinaTloTa dasaxmareblad arsebobs unikaluri gaerTianeba, romlis mTavari mizania maqsimalurad gazardos qveynis cxovrebaSi usinaTloTa monawileoba. am sazogadoebis gamocdilebas sagangebod Seiswavlian merilendis Statis samedicino struqturebSi. 30 welze metia, rac ebrauli sazogadoebrivi centri anu rogorc mas ebraul wreebSi uwodeben - “hibro houm’’ (ebrauli saxli) - yovelTviur gazeTs uSvebs inglisur enaze. es gazeTi cdilobs moicvas ara marto vaSingtonis ebrauli Temis cxovreba, eTer fiCxaZe aramed msoflioSi mimdinare procesebi - rogorc israelSi, aseve Cveni planetis cxel wertilebSi momxdari movlenebi.ebraul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia ierusalimis ebrauli universitetis mxardaWeriT Camoyalibebul “ebrauli ganaTlebis instituts”. am universitetis mecnierebma sagangebo programa SeimuSaves, romelic dainteresebul pirebs ebrauli istoriis, filosofiis, poeziisa da religiis dargSi miRebuli codnis gaRrmavebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. am institutTan mudmivad moqmedeben sagangebo komitetebi,romlebic zrunaven yvela asakis studentTaTvis individualuri programebis SesamuSaveblad. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva yofili sabWoTa kavSiris respublikebidan Camosul ebraelTa mozidvas, romelTaTvisac xangrZlivi drois manZilze ucxod rCeboda rogorc ebrauli, aseve amerikuli kulturis monapovrebi. *** rogor fiqrobT, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, - sasurvelia, an SesaZlebelia Tu ara aq, israelSic Camoyalibdes Tundac mcire masStabis msgavsi sazogadoeba, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom amerikaSi ebrauli kulturis Seswavlasa da SenarCunebazea gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, aq ki qarTvel ebraelTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT viRvawoT? eTer fiCxaZe saintereso Janri ramdenime xnis win niu-iorkSi gaimarTa prezentacia friad saintereso wignisa: “saqarTvelos cnobil mecnierTa da sazogado moRvaweTa zogierT naSromze Cemi Tvalsazrisi”, niu-iorki 2009, 275 gv. wigni dawerilia cnobili iuristisa da ekonomistis, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesoris, akademikosis, saqarTvelos Rirsebis ordenis kavaleris da Tbilisis erTgulebis medalosnis mixael roketliSvilis mier. am mSvenierma wignma, romelic avtorisgan saCuqrad miviRe, sasiamovno grZnobebi aRmiZra Tundac imis gamo, rom jer ar gamigia vinmes wigni gamoeces qarTulad naCuqari da ZRvnad mirTmeuli wignebis analiziT. am movlenam gamaxsena erTi mniSvnelovani detali. ieruSalaimSi, TalfioTis raionSi, aris israelis cnobili mwerlis, nobelis premiis laureatis Smuel iosef (Sai) agnonis saxl-muzeumi. igi ara marto ieruSalaimelTa, aramed israelis mcxovrebTa da turistTa erT-erTi sayvareli adgilia. saxl-muzeumis erTi oTaxi daTmobili aqvs mxolod im wignebs, romlebic didma mweralma miiRo saCuqrad sxvadasxva avtorebisagan. imisaTvis, rom am mwerlis Semoqmedebis atmosferoTi mecxovra, am saxl-muzeumSi megzuris movaleobas veweodi sazogadoebriv sawyisebze kviraSi erTxel. Sai agnonis saxl-muzeumSi Cemi xSiri stumrobis dros araerTxel minaxavs literaturis mkvlevarebi, studentebi, mwerlebi da Cveulebrivi damTvaliereblebi,romlebic swored aRniSnul oTaxSi isxdnen da ikvlevdnen an aTvalierebdnen didi mwerlisadmi ZRvnad mirTmeul sxvadasxva saxis wigns. amiT swavlobdnen raRac uxilav fardis miRma arsebul urTierTobebs wignis avtorsa da Sai agnons Soris da bevr zogierT moments, romelTa garkveva SeiZleba mxolod am wignze gakeTebul miZRvnaTa Seswavlis gziT. ar vici, apirebda Tu ara didi mwerali daewera rame Tavisi piradi biblioTekis am mniSvnelovan nawilze. rogorc misi STamomavlebi hyvebian, igi xSirad aTvalierebda am wignebs. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iCenda erTi ZRvnad mirTmeuli patara sefer-Toris mimarT, romelmac meore msoflio omis qar-cecxli gamoiara da gadarCa. amboben, yovel SabaTs da dResaswaulSi swored am sefer-ToraSi kiTxulobda faraSas. igi sixaruls, rwmenas da siamayes matebda mas. mkvlevarisTvis an mkiTxvelisTvis wignze gakeTebuli warwerebi badeben sxvadasxva varaudebs, uneblied dasmul SekiTxvebs, eWvebs, qmnian ama Tu im warmodgenas gamCuqeblisa da saCuqris mimRebis urTierTobebSi. es warwerebi maTi kaligrafiis, Sinaarsis, tonis, siTbos an sicivis gamoxatvis gamo garkveul warmodgenas iZlevian wignis gamCuqeblis pirovnebaze. is, rac aRvniSneT mwerlis Sai agnonis biblioTekaSi saCuqrad miRebul wignebis Sesaxeb, igive iTqmis akademikos mixael roketliSvilis mier saCuqrad miRebuli wignebis Sesaxebac. pirvel yovlisa, baton mixaelis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom igi gulgrili araa saCuqrad miRebuli wignebis mimarT. batoni mixeili ara marto kiTxulobs maT, aramed recenzias ukeTebs, Sefasebas aZlevs, SeniSvnebs ukeTebs, aqebs, zogjer sinanulsac gamoTqvams, swavlobs maT da arc megobrul darigebas aklebs avtorebs. rac mTavaria, wignis avtoris gamoxmaurebani sxadasxva gamocemaze saSualebas aZlevs mkiTxvels, rom recenzirebuli wignebidan “Seiwovos” is sikeTe, rac am wignebSia CaRvrili da CaduRabebuli. yovel recenzirebul naSroms, gamokvlevas Tu mxatvruli Rirebulebis Semcvel nawarmoebs TiTqosda xelaxala gadaSlis xolme “Tvalsazrisis” avtori da mkiTxvelTan erTad kiTxulobs gamokvlevas Tu nawarmoebs, raTa Cvenc migvaRebinos garkveuli doza im siamovnebisa, rac man adre ukve miiRo. ase gvaziara batonma mixaelma mkiTxvelebi saqarTvelos eqs-prezident eduard SevardnaZis “memuarebs”, akademikos paata guguSvilisadmi miZRvnil krebuls, prof. ramaz abesaZis naSroms “ekonomikuri ganviTareba”, prof. rozeta asTianis wigns “patara qveyanas didi Secdomis ufleba ara aqvs”, mweral guram baTiaSvilis wigns “var daraji Cemi Zmisa” da missave “saxeebi da situaciebi”, eldar mamisTvaliSvilis wigns “qarTvel ebraelTa istoria”, giorgi xuxaSvilis wigns “bibliuri motivebi” da ase Semdeg. “TvalsazrisSi” bevri wignia ganxiluli, yvelas CamoTvla Sors wagviyvanda. akademikos mixael roketliSvilis wigni Sedegia im uzomo siyvarulisa, romelsac avtori ganicdis wignebisa da maTi avtorebis mimarT. aRniSnul wignSi, Sefarulad, sayvareli avtoris kidev erTi azria Cadebuli: ar gegonoT, rom es Cemi bolo wignia, siurprizebs kidev elodeT! veliT, batono mixael, 120 wlamde kidev bevri droa darCenili. axali Janri, romelic Tqven SemogvTavazeT, friad sainteresod mesaxeba. d-ri gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili) ieruSalaimi 22 moambe Cai SaqriT Tu uSaqrod? b olo wlebSi sagrZnoblad gaxSirda Saqris daavadebis SeTxvevebi Cvens TemSi. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es arasasurveli procesi mTel msoflioSi mimdinareobs da rasakvirvelia, israelic “ar CamorCeba” am mxriv aravis!..– Cvens qveyanaSic yovelwliurad izrdeba Saqriani diabetiT daavadebulTa ricxvi, magram qarTul ebraul TemSi igi procentulad gansakuTrebiT maRalia. semk-is xelmZRvanelobam mosaxleobaze daxmarebis mizniT gadawyvita am SemaSfoTebeli faqtis mizezebis gamokvleva – sagangebod SerCeuli kvalificiuri samedicino personalisa da saTanadod momzadebul pirTagan Semdgari jgufis (dietologebi, swori kvebis specialisti mrCevlebi, eqimi endokrinologebi) meSveobiT moawyos Sexvedrebi mosaxleobasTan mTeli qveynis masStabiT. salocavebsa da sxva saxis sakrebuloebs gaegzavnebaT axsna – ganmartebiTi prospeqtebi; moxdeba mosaxleobis farTo fenebis gamokiTxva, maTi kvebisa da cxovrebis niris Seswavla – gamokvleva, raTa miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze samedicino personalsa da mTel samuSao jgufs gauadvildeT gegmis Sedgena mosaxleobaze samedicino informaciisa da daavadebis Tavidan acilebis Tanamedrove meTodebis droulad miwodebis mizniT. am saxis RonisZieba pirvelad tardeba Cvens TemSi. *** ramdenime kviris win vestumre Cems saojaxo eqims Cveulebrivi wliuri gamokvlevis pasuxebiT. man guldasmiT gamsinja, Semdeg CaaTvaliera analizis pasuxebi, gamiRima da momigo: “yoCaR, rom Saqari normaluri gaqvT!” – me me cota gamakvirva am pasuxma da odnav dabneulma vkiTxe: “ratom ar unda mqondes normaluri?” – eqimma qalma saTvale moixsna, gadmoixara Cemsken da Zalze seriozuli xmiT momigo: “qalbatono, iciT Tu ara, rom Cemi pacienti qarTveli ebraelebis oTxmoc procentze meti Saqris daavadebiT itanjeba? maTi naxevari insulinis miRebas saWiroebs!.. ra mogdiT, gamagebineT?!” – me gakvirvebT Sevxede eqims da xma ver amoviRe... marTlacda, megobrebo, ra mogvdis? – sxvebma SeamCnies Cveni Temis problema da migviTiTes, Cven ki, rogorc ityvian, “yurze gvZinavs” – arc ki vsaubrobT am Temaze! naxevari saukunis win saqarTveloSi vcxovrobdiT da simarTle unda iTqvas, didad ar viyaviT ganebivrbulni samedicino mom–saxurebiT. ufro bed – iRbalze viyaviT mindobilni vidre wamal – eqimze, iSviaTad Tu gavigonebdiT Saqris daavadebis SemTxvevebs da isic, moxucebSi anda im ojaxis wevrebze, romelTac “CamomavlobaSi” hqondaT es daavadeba. es ki imdenad bunebrivad iTvleboda, rom aravis ukvirda da aravin kiTxulobda – ratom? ra mizeziT? magaliTad, sakvebis iseTi saxeobani, rogoricaa – TeTri fqv–ilis nawarmi, xaWapuri, SaqriTa da cximiT mdidari namcxvreuli, makaroni, brinji da tkbili xili – fufunebis sagnad iTvleboda da Tqven warmoidgineT, sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis garkveul safexursac ki warmoadgenda. sufraze cxel xaWapurTan erTad rom moarTmevdnen surnelovan Cais, bordosfer alublis murabasa da TovliviT TeTr Saqars, arc ki davfiqrdebodiT, ise CaviyridiT WiqaSi sam-oTx natex Saqars da zed ramdenime kovz murabasac davayolebdiT!.. vWamdiT da vsvamdiT didi siamovnebiT da araviTari sindisis qejna ar gvawuxebda im wuTebSi; madloba RmerTs, janmrTelobasac ar vuCiodiT!.. dRes ki wamodges is gmiri, romelic gabedavs da iseTsave tkbil Cais dalevs, rogorc imJamad!.. gavida dro. daviwyeT amosvla da dasaxleba israelSi. aq dagvixvda cnobili “kufaT xolimis” samedicino personali mTeli Tavisi mdidari gamocdilebiT. ise gamogvikvlies, rom erTi organoc ar dagvitoves Seuswavleli. mokle xnis gavlis Semdeg verc mivxvdiT, rogor momravlda Cvens irgvliv sxvadasxva daavadebis mqone axlobeli Tu nacnobi. maT Sesaxeb ki manamde ara vicodiT ra!.. gavida wlebi. SevegueT israelur klimatsa da sakvebs. aqauri bazrebisa da maRaziebis sursaTsanovagis siuxvema da mravalferovnebam ise gaaxalisa da gaamdidra Cveni futkariviT moZravi da kulinariis moyvaruli qalbatonebis fantazia, rom dRes isini TavianTi moxerxebiTa da sakuTari naxelaviT ar Camouvardebian israelis iseT cnobil kulinarebsa da konditorebs, rogoric arian – israel aharoni, xaim qoeni Tu karin goreni. ai, axla ki movida dro gadavxedoT Cvens saqveynod cnobil sufras. me aq gangeb ar aRvniSnav sufris daniSnulebas – dRes xom waiSala zRvari (avalalod!..) sazeimo da samwuxaro sufrebs Soris! sulo da gulo, rac ginda moisurve! – Citis rZec ki ar aklia magidas! magram... yoveli ulufidan TiTo lukmac rom gavsinjoT, isic ki didi tvirTi iqneba Cveni patara kuWisTvis gadasamuSaveblad da muWisodena gulisTvis – mZime dawolis gasaZlebad... maS ase, mivdivarT garkveuli daniSnulebis sufraze, davyofT iq ramdenime saaTs. vzivarT, vWamT da vsvamT yvelafers, rasac moarTmeven!.. viRlebiT, viwyebT mTqnarebas, magram xalxis gverideba da isev vubrundebiT Cvens win gaSlil nair – nair sanovages... cnobili suraTia yoveli CvenganisaTvis, xom marTalia?! – modiT axla davsvaT kiTxva – ra mosdis Cvens organizms aseTi intensiuri kulinaruli datvirTvis Semdeg? sad midis kaloriebis an Saqris is didi raodenoba, romelic Cvenma patiosanma da dauRalavma kuW – nawlavma gadaamuSava ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi? pasuxi erTia: sabolood yvelaferi grovdeba sisxlSi! magram sixli xom adamianis organizmis yoveli kuTxe – kunWu–lisaken miedineba! misi yoveli umniSvnelo cvlilebac ki Sesabamis gavlenas axdens yvela organoze. swored amis mizezia meore dRes Tavis tkivili, moTenTiloba, TvalebSi bindis Camowola, uxasia–Toba... es movlenebi Tu meore da mesame dResac gagrZelda, auci–leblad gaviqceviT eqimTan. – “wyurvilis grZnobis gaZliereba, xel – fexis bJuili, sisuste?” – imeorebs eqimi Cvens Civils, Tavs usiamod iqnevs da saswrafod gvagzavnis sisxlis analizis gasakeTeblad... aRmoCnda, rom Saqris daavadebazea laparaki! – “saidan, rogor? “ – gakvirvebulni vkiTxulobT Cven... ra aris Saqris daavadeba da ra mizezebiT warmoiSoba igi? Saqris daavadeba gamowveulia organizmSi metaboluri sistemis – nivTierebaTa cvlis – moSliT. sxva daavadebebTan SedarebiT igi yvelaze metadaa dakavSirebuli kvebis wessa da saxeobasTan. dadgenilia, rom SaqriT daavadebulTa 90% iwonis bevrad imaze mets, vidre unda iwonides Tavis asakTana da simaRlesTan SedarebiT. rodesac organizmi sistematurad iRebs bevrad imaze met sakvebs, vidre mis saWmlis momnelebel sistemas ZaluZs gadaamuSaos, droTa ganmavlobaSi xdeba nivTierebaTa cvlis moSla da sxva funqciaTa darRvevebis paralelurad yalibdeba Saqris daavadebac. Saqari adamianis organizmis energiis wyaroa, misi miReba iseve aucilebelia, rogorc cilebis, cximebis, vitaminebisa da miner–alebis. Saqari cocxali organizmis ujredis erT – erTi sasi–cocxlo komponentia, amitom aucileblad unda miewodos mas gar– kveuli raodenobiT. Saqris zedmeti raodenobis miRebisas pankreasis jirkvali iZu–lebuli xdeba gamohyos normaze gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT! meti hormoni insulini, raTa moaxerxos miRebuli Saqris mTeli raodenobis ganeitraleba. garkveul sazRvramde adamianis organizmi axerxebs am wonasworobis dacvas. magram Tu SaqriT mdidari sakvebis miReba kvlav Cveuli wesiT gagrZelda, pankreasis jirkvali iZulebuli gaxdeba gamohyos kvlavindeburad didi raodenobis hormoni, rac sabolood mis dasustebas gamoiwvevs. garkveuli drois Semdeg mcire raodenobis insulins miawvdis organizms an saerTod Sewyvets mis gamoyofas. vinaidan Saqari insulinis gareSe sisxlis ujredSi ver Sedis, amitom xdeba misi didi raodenobiT dagroveba. ase yalibdeba Saqriani diabeti. gamodis, rom am saSiSi daavadebis ZiriTadi mizezia gadametebuli kveba da Saqris didi raodenobiT miReba. Saqris daavadeba ganekuTvneba hormonalur daavadebaTa ricxvs. hormoni es aris gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis nawilaki , romelic xels uwyobs sxvadasxva organoTa urTierTkavSirsa da harmoniul muSaobas. isini pirdapir sisxlSi Sedian da masTan erTad miemar–Tebian saTanado daniSnulebiT. hormon insulins sasicocxlo mniS–vneloba aqvs SaqriT daavadebulTaTvis. saSiSia sisxlSi Saqris donis aweva, magram aranakleb saSiSia (zogjer ufro metadac ki!) misi mkveTri dacema. uecari stresebis anda Zlieri nerviulobis dros pankreasis jirkvali gamohyofs insulinis did raodenobas, romelic mTlianad STanTqavs sisxlSi arsebul Saqars da iwvevs misi donis minimumamde dacemas. am dros adamiani fiTrdeba, ewyeba kankali da zogjer gonsac kargavs. am mov–lenas “komas” eZaxian. es Zalze saSiSi situaciaa. avadmyofs Tu droulad ar miewoda Saqari an tkbili siTxe, SesaZloa miiRos tvinis seriozuli dazianeba anda daiRupos kidec... dilis saaTebSi Saqris done dabla iwevs, amitom didi mniSvneloba eniWeba dilis sauzmis droulad miRebas. aucilebelia Saqris donis yoveldRiuri kontroli, kvebis mkacri reJimis dacva, insu– linis garkveuli dozis sistematuri da drouli miReba, swori wesiT cxovreba, sporti, sufTa haerze seirnoba. megobrebo, mogexsenebaT, iraneli ebraelebis siZunweze uamravi anegdoti dadis mosaxleobaSi. erT maTganze msurs mogaxsenoT: qalma namcxvari gamoacxo da qmars daaxvedra. saRamos Cais sufras rom Semousxdnen, qmarma namcxvris erTi lukma miawoda cols, romelsac saamo Rimili moefina saxeze – calke qmris saqcieli esiamovna da calke namcxvari egemriela. Tvalebi milula, saxe gaebadra da daeloda meore lukmasac... qmari ki Sescqeris sarkastuli RimiliT da pasuxobs: “ Wirime, gana yovel lukmas erTi da igive gemo ara aqvs? rad ginda meti?!.. “ es mxolod anegdotia da xumrobad iTvleba, magram netavi ki yovel SaqriT daavadebuls hyavdes gverdiT iraneli Zunwi meuRlis msgavsi vinme “keTili angelozi”, romelic tkbileulis erTi lukmis gasinjvas daajerebs... winamdebare statiaSi mxolod mokled da Zalze zogadad SevexeT Saqriani diabetis daavadebis saSiSroebas. Cveni mizania, upirveles yovlisa, am problemaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba. naTqvamia, “vinc Wiri damalao, Wirma is damalao.” Tu ar daviwyeT masTan SebrZoleba, SesaZloa saSiSroebis winaSe aRmovCndeT Cvenc, Cveni ojaxica da momavali Taobebic... RmerTma jer wamali gaaCina da Semdeg adamiani. SaqriT daavadebulTaTvis mTavar wamlad sworad SerCeuli sakvebi unda gadaiqces. sibere ki bunebrivad gvexveva Tavs, Tmas gviTeTrebs da welSi gvxris, Zvlebis moculobas gvimcirebs da naoWebs gvimravlebs, magram mTavari is ki ar aris , ramden wels vicocxlebT, aramed is Tu ramdenad xarisxianad gavlevT RmerTisgan naCuqar mSvenier gzas – sicocxlisas! “SaqariviT tkbili” cxovreba namdvilad kargia, magram umjobesia rac SeiZleba meti “Saqari amogvdiodes piridan” da nu dagvaviwydeba kidev erTi mSvenieri gamoTqma: “Sens pirs Saqari!..” ruTi mixaeli 23 semk brZnuli azrebis skivri *** samkauli da samSvenisi mxolod mSveniers amSvenebs. Talmudi *** Tu iswavli imdeni gasce, ramdensac Rebulob, Tu gecodineba mousmino, sanam SeekamaTebode, meored Tu awoni, sanam gacxardebi, Tu xandaxan dasTmob da Seundob kidec, Tu odnav mainc ecdebi sxvebis gaxarebas, Tu daimaxsovreb, rom moTmineba gamarjvebas uwyobs xels, _ maSin sabolood gecodineba Sen da ecodineba yvelas, rom namdvilad gaizarde da iqec adamianad. rabi ki plingi *** antikuri droidanve Cven warmovadgenT sulierebis xalxs, romlisTvisac Tora erTsa da imave dros samSoblocaa, xelisuflebac da konstituciac. smolenski *** adamians ori Tvali imitom misces, rom erTi TvaliT Tavisi megobris Rirsebebi dainaxos, meore TvaliT ki _ sakuTari naklovanebebi. rabi meir ferSmiSleneli *** mxolod sxvaTa yofaSi TanamonawileobiT eniWeba azri da mniSvneloba Cvens sakuTar yofierebas, martin buberi. *** Cven vaWarTa Svilebi varT, magram winaswarmetyvelTa SviliSvilebi vaicmani. *** kaci qalSi megobars eZebs da Tavis nekns poulobs. sulcbergeri *** ebraelebma imdeni sikeTe moutanes qveynierebas, amasTan erTad imdeni Tavsatexi gauCines mas, rom kacobrioba arasodes iqneba samarTliani maT mimarT. ernest renani *** me ebraeli var da araferi ebrauli CemTvis ucxo ar aris. luzato *** swavluli kaci mefeze ufro didia: swavluli rom mokvdes, mas veRaravin Secvlis, mefis Secvla ki yvelas SeuZlia. Talmudi *** me mzad var uaresisTvis, magram ukeTesis imedi maqvs. dizraeli *** furimi erTia, amani ki aTasi. andaza *** bolo antisemiti maSin mokvdeba, roca mokvdeba bolo ebraeli. pereci *** kokas qva daeca da vai kokas, koka qvas daeca da isev vai kokas. midraSi *** eqimis movaleoba mxolod da mxolod isaa, rom bunebas daexmaros. rambami *** damexmare, rom wamovdge. dacema me TviTonac SemiZlia. andaza. ebrauli iumori *** iankel, rogorc iqna, meSvela, xelSi Cavigde wigni ‘’rogor gavxde milioneri.’’ - gilocav. - magram wignis naxevari amoglejilia. - ara uSavs, naxevari milionic kargi fulia. *** rabinTan midis Sewuxebuli kaci da ekiTxeba: - rabi, xuTi Svili myavs. rogor moviqce, rom meeqvse ar meyolos? - limonaTi dalie. - ‘’imis’’ win Tu ‘’imis’’ mere? - ‘’imis’’ magier. *** ori odeseli qali kamaTobs: - Sen ici vina xar? Sen – beberi meZavi xar. - beberio?! rogor makadre!.. *** - rogora xar? - leniniviT: arc mmarxaven, arc maWmeven. *** rabinoviCi me-15 sarTulidan vardeba. mexuTe sarTuls rom gausworda, fanjris iqidan viRacam gamosZaxa: - rabinoviC, rogoraa saqme? - jerjerobiT ara uSavs.… *** rotSildis didebuli mavzoleumis win frankfurtis sasaflaoze aRtacebuli dgas ori ebraeli da keTili SuriT Sehyureben mdidrul akldamas. bolos erTma amoioxra: - eh, kargia kargi cxovreba. *** - me davazRvie mTeli qoneba xanZrisa da setyvis SemTxvevisTvis eubneba levenbaxi levins. - xanZari kidev mesmis, magram setyvis gamowvevas rogor axerxeb? – *** ebraeli sabWoTa kavSiridan israelSi moemgzavreba. moskovis sabaJoSi Cemodans uxsnian da breJnevis portretze miuTiTeben: - ra aris es? - jer erTi, ‘’ra’’ ki ara - ‘’vin:’’ _ Cveni partiis generaluri mdivani leonid ilias Ze breJnevi. igive scena meordeba bengurionis aeroportSi: - vin aris es? - jer erTi, ‘’vin’’ ki ara - ‘’ra:’’ oqros CarCo. *** ainStainis samecniero karieris dasawyisSi erTi Jurnalisti dainteresda, Tu ra azris iyo didi mecnieris coli Tavisi qmris Sesaxeb. - Cemi qmari geniosia! – Tqva ainStainis colma _ mas SeuZlia absoluturad yvelafris gakeTeba, garda fulisa. `moambe~ - saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis yovelTviuri gazeTi. mTavari redaqtori: jemal ajiaSvili saredaqcio kolegia: gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili), cisana Samir-biniaSvili, Tamar kezeraSvili, izolda krixeli, eTer fiCxaZe, nugzar janaSvili. dakabadoneba da dizaini: levan ajiaSvili calkeul SemTxvevebSi redaqcia SeiZleba ar iziarebdes avtoris Sexedulebebs. ebraul sakuTar saxelTa xmarebisas, saTemo gazeTis specifikidan gamomdinare, upiratesobas TemSi damkvidrebul tradicias vaniWebT (moSe - moses nacvlad, Slomo - solomonis nacvlad da a.S.). redaqciis misamarTi: Tel-avivi, dizingofis q. 50, 64332. tel.: +972 3 620 45 57 faqsi: +972 3 620 45 73 veb misamarTi: www.georgianjews.org el. fosta: [email protected] ידיעון מרץ 2010 #1 ניסן תש”ע יוצא לאור מטעם הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה .כתובת :דיזינגוף 50מגדל על ת”א 64332טל 03-6204557 :פקס03-6204573 : www.georgianjews.org ברכת ממלא מקום של נשיא הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה גבריאל מירילאשווילי מבורך השינוי בפעילות הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה ,.במיוחד בגלל העובדה שהגדלנו מספר חברי המערכת של עיתון “ידיעון” והפחנו אותו לעיתון מורחב ורבגוני יותר הן מבחינת הצורה והן מבחינת הנושאים. צוות היוצרים של העיתון צריך לשים לעצמו למטרה לתאר בו זמנית ובאופן ריאלי כל שינוי שיחול בחיי יהודי גאורגיה ,החיים לא רק בארץ ובגאורגיה, אלא גם ברוסיה ,בארצות אירופה ובארצות הברית. מטרת מנהלי הקונגרס – להפיץ דרך ה”ידיעון” את ההתרשמויות בקרב העדה לא רק בקרב הדור המבוגר ,אלא גם בקרב ילדיהם ונכדיהם . עליי לברך רעיון הוצאת העיתון במתכונת מחודשת ולקוות ,שהפופולריזציה של הרוח היהודית ,המורשת העשירה והמסורת מאות השנים יישארו בבסיסו. יחד עם זה ,הוא יהפוך למקור מידע כלל חינוכי – בחידושי תרבות ,מדע ורפואה, הוא ימשיך את הקשר עם היהודים החיים בכל פינות העולם ויאיר את התהליכים המתרחשים בעולם באור בהיר. המאה ה 21-החדש – הוא דינאמי מאוד ,החיים מסביבנו משתנה במהירות בזק ,האירועים מתפתחים בקצב מהיר .והציבור מעמיד בפני הקונגרס נושאים חדשים בהתאם ,אשר דורשים פתרון נכון ,מהיר וענייני. באמצעות עיתון הקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה אנו צריכים להבהיר את הנושאים בו זמנית ובצורה ריאלית ,כדי למשוך ולקבץ מסביבנו נדבך רחב יותר של הציבור .עדתנו הפכה מזמן לחלק אינטגראלי של הציבוריות הישראלית ,והקונגרס העולמי של יהודי גאורגיה הוא חוליה מקשרת בין כל יהודי גאורגיה החיים בכל פינות העולם .למטרתו העיקרית היא לדאוג לאיחוד ולטיפוח של עדת יהדות גאורגיה. אני כולי תקווה שגם צוות יוצרים מורחב של העיתון תעבוד על פי רעיונות אלה ותיסתייע בהם.עלו והצליחו. ובסוף .עליי לברך את יהדות גאורגיה בישראל ובכל העולם ולאחל לה שימחה, הצלחה ,קידום ושגשוג בכל תחומי החיים. מי ייתן וחג פסח הקרב ובא יביא לעם ישראל שלום וביטחון. חג פסח כשר ושמח. גבריאל מירילאשווילי “באבי יאר” – פרופ’ גמאל אג’יאשווילי מביא קטע מספרו “תתעורר כינור” המתאר את הטרגדיה שהתחוללה במלחמת עולם השנייה בגיא בצפון-מערב קייב שבאוקראינה ,אשר נכבשה ב 19 -בספטמבר 1941 על ידי הגרמנים .בימים 29ו 30 -בספטמבר בו נרצחו ,על-פי הדינים- וחשבונות של האיינזצגרופן 33,771 ,יהודים .כאן מתפרסם גם קטע מתורגם מהפואמה “באבי יאר” ,הנכתב על-ידי המשורר יבגני יבטושנקו בשנת 1961ותורגם על-ידי ג’מאל אג’יאשווילי. “מרכז יהודי בוושינגטון” – גאי.סי .סי - .אתר פיצ’חדזה, אשר לא מזמן שבה ארצה מארה”ב ,בה שהתה עקב תפקידה כעיתונאית ברדיו “קול אמריקה” ,מספרת לנו על מרכז היהודי בוושינגטון ופעילויותיו. לצאת מהגלות “בכל דור ודור חייב אדם לראות את עצמו כאילו הוא יצא ממצרים”, במילים אחרות ,תהליך היציאה מהגלות אינו מתרחש ברגע אחד של המעבר מהגלות לארץ ישראל .הוא דורש מעבר תרבותי ומנטלי. עם ישראל עובר ממצרים למדבר,ומהמדבר לארץ ישראל .בין הגלות לארץ יש שלב ביניים שבו עם ישראל רוצה מדי פעם לשוב למצרים ,מתגעגעים לאבטיחים ולקישואים של הגלות. כל עדה שעלתה לארץ צריכה לעבור את תקופת הביניים אבל בסופה עליה לבחור שהיא יוצאת מהגלות ונכנסת אל הארץ. דור הביניים לרוב משלם את המחיר ,אבל הדור הצעיר שנולד וגדל בארץ יכול לבחור בישראליות. יהדות גרוזיה עלתה לארץ מתוך חזון ציוני ולא מתוך מצוקה או רדיפות .הרבנים החלוצים שעלו לארץ בהזדמנות הראשונה עם פתיחת שער הברזל ,עשו זאת מתוך רצון לחיות חיים יהודיים בארץ ישראל. העליה לארץ חשפה את העדה הגרוזינית לחברה הישראלית החילונית ,והרבה מהמסורת שעברה מאב לבן החלה להיעלם ובמקומה החלו לאמץ את התרבות החילונית .העדה הגרוזינית איבדה את המסורתיות והעובדה שהמגורים היו בערים מרוכזות כמו לוד ואשדוד שימרו את החממה העדתית מבלי להיפתח לישראליות. היכולת להיטמע בחברה הישראלית קשור ביכולת של החברה הצעירה להתחבר ליהדות ממקום עמוק יותר ,ולהבין את המשמעות העמוקה של היותנו יהודים שחיים בארץ ישראל. עלינו להפוך לישראלים המחוברים ליהדות, לכבד את המסורת ,להכיר את השורשים, ולהכיר תודה לדור ההורים החלוצים שעלו לארץ ושילמו מחיר של דור מעבר. היום כשאני מגיעה לבקר את אנשי העדה שגאים על כך שיש להם נציגה בכנסת, חשוב לי לומר להם ,אני בת גאה לעדה הגרוזינית ,אבל את החינוך ועיצוב הדרך האידיאולוגית קיבלתי בבית המדרש של ח”כ ציפי חוטובלי הציונות הדתית .בזכות העובדה שהוריי עברו לרחובות ,שהיא עיר שבה אין ריכוז גדול של העדה ,גדלתי בסביבה ישראלית דתית ,וקיבלתי מטען אידיאולוגי מהחינוך הציוני דתי. אישיותי התעצבה באולפנא בה למדתי בתל אביב ,במדרשות ליהדות בירושלים ובבר אילן ,בשיעורי התורה אצל רבנים ברחובות שלימדו אותי את החשיבות על השמירה על הקשר על ארץ ישראל ,בשליחות שעשיתי בארה”ב ובדרום אפריקה,בהשתלבות בתקשורת .ללא הבנת הזהות שלנו ,וללא חיבור לשורשים לא נוכל להביא בשורה, אלא נמשיך לחיות בעולם גלותי בארץ ישראל. מי שחושב שגאווה עדתית היא בשימור הפולקלור ,הריקודים ,השירים ,הספרות והשפה הגרוזינית ,מעדיף להמשיך לחיות בגרוזיה בתוך ארץ ישראל .בחג הפסח הקרוב אני מתפללת שנזכה לצאת מהגלות, ובעיקר להוציא את הגלות מתוכנו ,ולהפוך לישראלים באמת.
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