Lupa Capitolina - statue CensusID: 155402

Lupa Capitolina - statue
CensusID: 155402
Alias
Louve
Lupa; Lupa mulirt; Luppa; Luppa Aenea; Lopa; Mater
Romanorum; Etruscan Bronze She-Wolf; She-Wolf;
Capitoline Wolf
Location
Roma, Musei Capitolini
Inventory no. inv. MC1181; Sala dei Fasti Consolari no. 1; Sala dei Bronzi
no. 638
Description
Class
Type
Material
Present Condition
sculpture
statue
bronze
damaged/fragmentary
restored
Original
yes
Number
01
Descriptive Details animal, 1
she-wolf
standing
head turned to the left
ears erect
mouth open
mane curled
collar of hair around the face
fringe of curled hair around the shoulders
stylised pattern of curls along the backbone
thin body
ribs marked
tail covered with locks of hair
Dimensions
height: 0.75 m
length: 1.14 m
History
Date of Creation
6th-early 5th cent. BC
Style
Etruscan
Artist(s)/Creator(s)
unknown
Condition when first known damaged/fragmentary
Reason
happened to be around
Documentation
> Diario della citta di Roma > p. 38 (Census)
untraced: > Fresco formerly in S. Giovanni in Laterano (Census)
> Magistris 1438 > p. 12 (Census)
untraced: > Chronicle of Paolo di Liello (Census)
> Vacca 1594 > no. 003 (p. 5) (Census)
Preservation Event(s)
Date
post 1471-ante 1490
Action
altered
Person responsible Pollaiuolo, Antonio (attributed to)
Note(s)
addition of twins
Documentation:
> Tolentino's letter to Baldassare Taccone > p. 252 > A (Census)
Provenance
Provenance Event(s) Date
15 Mar 2017 07:48:24
9th cent.-ante 1438
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Location
Roma, Piazza di S. Giovanni in Laterano
Date
post 1200-ante 1472
Location Roma, Piazza di S. Giovanni in Laterano
Documentation:
Roma, Musei Capitolini: > Inscription of Sixtus IV of 1471 (Census)
> Diario della citta di Roma > p. 38 (Census)
untraced: > Fresco formerly in S. Giovanni in Laterano (Census)
> Magistris 1438 > p. 12 (Census)
untraced: > Chronicle of Paolo di Liello (Census)
> Aldrovandi 1556 > p. 268.G - p. 276.A > p. 275.C (Census)
untraced: > Catasto Lateranense (Census)
Roma, Città del Vaticano, ASV: > Mandata 1471-1473 (Census)
Date
1471-ante 1544
Location Roma, Palazzo dei Conservatori (ante 1544)
Documentation:
> Tolentino's letter to Baldassare Taccone > p. 252 > A (Census)
> Fulvio 1513 > book 1 > fol. 20 r > lines 14-16 (Census)
> Fulvio 1527 > book 2 > fol. XX v > G (Census)
> Fulvio 1543 > fol. 051 r > lines 09-12 (Census)
Roma, Città del Vaticano, ASV: > Mandata 1471-1473 > fol. 51 v
(Census)
> Aldrovandi 1562 > p. 292.A - p. 295.B > p. 294.D (Census)
Date
post 1536-1586
Location Roma, Musei Capitolini
Documentation:
> Aldrovandi 1562 > p. 268.F - p. 276.A > p. 275.C (Census)
> Marliani 1548 > book 2 > ch. 12 > fol. 23 r > A (Census)
> Marliani 1544 > book 2 > ch. 09 > p. 27 > l. 4-5 (Census)
> Aldrovandi 1556 > p. 268.G - p. 276.A > p. 275.C (Census)
Oxford, Bodleian Library: > MS. Canon. Ital. 138 > fol. 027 r > lines 5-8
(Census)
Date
1586-19th cent.
Location Roma, Musei Capitolini
Documentation:
> Franzini 1599 > pl. DD VIII (Census)
> Moryson 1617 > part 1 > ii > p. 139 > B (Census)
Relationships
Census Document(s):
Cambridge, St Catherine's College Library: > Magister Gregorius > ch. 32
> Magistris 1438 > p. 12
> Diario della citta di Roma > p. 38
untraced: > Catasto Lateranense
> Rucellai 1459 > p. 408 > lines 25-26
Roma, Musei Capitolini: > Inscription of Sixtus IV of 1471
Roma, Città del Vaticano, ASV: > Mandata 1471-1473 > fol. 51 v
> Tolentino's letter to Baldassare Taccone > p. 252 > A
untraced: > Chronicle of Paolo di Liello
> Albertini 1510 (Opusculum) > book 2 > ch. 10 > fol. Q v > lines 15-19
> Fulvio 1513 > book 1 > fol. 20 r > lines 14-16
Washington, National Gallery of Art, Kress Collection: > She-Wolf with Romulus and Remus
Washington, National Gallery of Art, Kress Collection: > She-Wolf with Romulus and Remus
Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum: > BK-1958-39-1
> Fulvio 1527 > book 2 > fol. XX v > G
Berlin, SMBPK, Kupferstichkabinett: > Heemskerck Album II > fol. 72 r
> Fulvio 1543 > fol. 051 r > lines 09-12
> Marliani 1544 > book 2 > ch. 09 > p. 27 > B
> Marliani 1544 > book 2 > ch. 09 > p. 27 > l. 4-5
> Marliani 1548 > book 2 > ch. 12 > fol. 23 r > A
> Fauno 1549 > fol. 31 v
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> Fauno 1549 > fol. 31 v
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibl.: > Ud gr. 2° 15 > no. 046
Chicago, Univ. Libr.: > Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae > no. B 347
> Aldrovandi 1556 > p. 268.G - p. 276.A > p. 275.C
> Aldrovandi 1562 > p. 268.F - p. 276.A > p. 275.C
Oxford, Bodleian Library: > MS. Canon. Ital. 138 > fol. 027 r > lines 10-14
> Gamucci 1569 > book 1 > fol. 16 r > lines 24-26
Torino, AST: > Ligorio, Antichità XV > fol. 138 v > C
> Montaigne 1580-1581 > p. 235 > l. 04-11
Haarlem, Teyler's Stichting: > inv. K III 15 r
> Vacca 1594 > no. 003 (p. 5)
> Franzini 1596 > pl. D 16
> Franzini 1599 > pl. DD VIII
Wien, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Kunstkammer: > inv. 5549
> Moryson 1617 > part 1 > ii > p. 139 > B
Torino, AST: > Ligorio, Antichità XXVI > fol. 020 r
untraced: > Fresco formerly in S. Giovanni in Laterano
Corpus Winckelmann Document(s):
> Winckelmann, GK1, 1764 (ed. 2002) > book 1 > ch. 5 > p. 570 > ll. 13-19
> Winckelmann 1767 (Anmerkungen) > book 1 > ch. 3 > p. 046 > ll. 13-27
> Winckelmann, GK2, 1776 (ed. 2002) > p. 173 > ll. 10-24
> Winckelmann, GK2, 1776 (ed. 2002) > p. 571 > ll. 24-30
> Winckelmann, GK2, 1776 (ed. 2002) > p. 509 > ll. 33-35
References
Bibliography:
> Henry Stuart Jones: A Catalogue of the Ancient Sculptures Preserved in the Municipal Collections of
Rome, vol. 2, The Sculptures of the Palazzo dei Conservatori, Oxford 1926 > pp. 56-58
> Wolfgang Helbig: Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom, 4 vols.,
Tübingen 1963-1972 > vol. II, pp. 277-281
> Buddensieg, Tilmann: Die Statuenstiftung Sixtus' IV. im Jahre 1471, in: Römisches Jahrbuch für
Kunstgeschichte XX, 1983, pp. 33-73 > pp. 35 and 40 and 41
> Valentini, Roberto & Zucchetti, Giuseppe: Codice topografico della città di Roma, I-IV, Rome 19401953 > III, pp. 166-167
> Spring, Peter: Index to Ancient Works of Art Known in the Middle Ages, Manuscript Index in the
Photographic Collection of the Warburg Institute > LUPA
> Erler, Adalbert: Lupa, Lex und Reiterstandbild im mittelalterlichen Rom, in: Sitzungsberichte der
wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main, X,
1972, no. 4, Wiesbaden 1972 > pp. 127-132
> Strong, Eugenie: Sulle tracce della Lupa romana, in: Sritti in onore di Bartolommeo Nogara, Roma
1937, pp. 475-501 > pp. 482-483 and 495-497
> Michaelis, Adolf: Storia della collezione Capitolina di antichità fino all'inaugurazione del museo
(1734), in: Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts. Roemische Abtheilung
VI, 1891, pp. 3-66 > pp. 12-14
> Venturi, Adolfo: Romolo e Remo di Antonio Pollaiolo nella Lupa Capitolina, in: L'Arte XXII, 1919, pp.
133-136 > passim
> Stevenson, E.: Scoperte di antichi edifizi al Laterano, in: Annali dell'Instituto di Corrispondenza
Archeologica XLIX, 1877, pp. 332-384 > pp. 375-381
> Phyllis Pray Bober, Ruth Rubinstein: Renaissance Artists and Antique Sculpture. A Handbook of
Sources, London/Oxford 1986 > p. 218, no. 184
> Phyllis Pray Bober: Census of Antique Works of Art Known to the Renaissance - Census Cards >
Sculpture: Bronzes
> Wolfgang Helbig: Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom, 3.
Auflage, hg. unter Mitwirkung von Walter Amelung, Emil Reisch, Fritz Weege, I-II, Leipzig 1912-1913
> I, pp. 562-564
> Janitschek, Hubert: Das Capitolinische Theater vom Jahre 1513. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des
Festwesens in der Renaissance, in: Repertorium fuer Kunstwissenschaft V, 1882, pp. 259-270 > p.
263, no. 12
> Loewy, Emanuel: Quesiti intorno alla Lupa Capitolina, in: Studi Etruschi VIII, 1934, pp. 77-106 >
passim
> Dulière, Cécile: Lupa Romana. Recherches d'iconographie et essai d'interpretation, in: Études de
Philologie, d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Anciennes XVIII, 2 vols, 1979 > pp. 21-43
> Matz, Friedrich: Zur Kapitolinischen Wölfin, in: Studies Presented to David Moore Robinson on His
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Seventieth Birthday, edited by George E. Mylonas, Saint Louis 1951, pp. 754-760 > pp.754-760
> Schofield, Richard: Giovanni da Tolentino goes to Rome: A Description of the Antiquities of Rome in
1490, in: Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes XLIII, 1980, pp. 246-256 > p. 252, n. 41
> Muentz, Eugène: Les arts à la cour des Papes pendant le XVe et XVIe siècle: recueil de documents
inédits, I-III, Paris 1878-1882 > vol. III, p. 170
> Sprenger, Maja & Bartoloni, Gilda: Die Etrusker. Kunst und Geschichte, Muenchen 1977 > pp. 133134
> Da Pisanello alla nascità dei Musei Capitolini. L'antico a Roma alla vigilia del Rinascimento,
exhibition catalogue Rome, ed. by Maurizio Calvesi, Rome 1988 > p. 224, no. 70 (Magri, Rosella)
> Nesselrath, Arnold: Simboli di Roma, in: Da Pisanello alla nascità dei Musei Capitolini. L'Antico a
Roma alla vigilia del Rinascimento, (catalogo della mostra Roma, Musei Capitolini, 24.5.1988 19.7.1988), Roma 1988, pp. 195-205 > p. 200-202
> Magri, Rosella: La Lupa Capitolina dal Laterano al Campidoglio, in: Da Pisanello alla nascità dei
Musei Capitolini. L'Antico a Roma alla vigilia del Rinascimento, (catalogo della mostra Roma, Musei
Capitolini, 24.5.1988 - 19.7.1988), Roma 1988, pp. 207-208 > pp. 207-206
> Mathias René Hofter, Axel Rügler, Adolf H. Borbein et al.: Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums,
Katalog der antiken Denkmäler, ed. by Adolf H. Borbein, Thomas W. Gaethgens, Johannes
Irmscher, Max Kunze, Mainz 2006 (Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Schriften und Nachlass IV.2) > p.
081, no. 130
Comment
For the various opinions on the provenance of the sculpture see Stevenson 1877 (cf. bibl.). Vacca's
reference, that the bronze sculpture was excavated near the Arch of Septimius Severus (cf.
documentation), seems to be completely fictive. The attribution of the modern twins to Guglielmo della
Porta by Stevenson (cf. bibl.) is not acceptable, because their existence is documented before 1510
by Albertini (cf. documentation field on relationships page. See the discussion by Michaelis and
Janitschek, cf. bibl.). Venturi proposed an attribution to Antonio Pollaiuolo for the twins (cf. bibl.).
The database does not include the medieval references to the Lupa, hence the lack of documentation
on the early whereabouts of the figure.
The details of the early provenance of the Lupa remain uncertain. All that we can be sure of is that it
was not yet on the Torre Annibaldi in 1200 and that it was there in 1438.
The bronze statue of a Lupa by Giovanni Turino cited by Bober and Rubinstein 1986 (cf. bibl.) does
not resemble the Lupa Capitolina and therefore cannot be regarded as a document.
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