107-nb.2 prof. S. FURFARI

Prospettive dell’uso
delle biomasse nel
settore energetico
Panoramica politica
energetica europea dopo
COP21 e rilevanza del
ruolo delle biomasse
Prof. Samuele Furfari
Consigliere del DG
DG Energia
Milano 20 aprile 2016
Unione dell'energia
Energia sicura, sostenibile, competitiva e
a prezzi accessibili per l'Europa
1
3
2
4
5
Source: Directorate-General for Energy
Obbiettivi per il 2020 e 2030
SM
2020
2030
-20 %
Greenhouse
Gas Emissions
20%
Renewable
Energy
 - 40 %
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
20 %
Energy
Efficiency
10 %
Interconnection
27 %
 27%*
Renewable
Energy
Energy
Efficiency
UE
* To be reviewed by
2020, having in mind
an EU level of 30%
15 %
Interconnection
New governance system + indicators
Share of new-REN in primary demand
(2014)
Sweden
Denmark
Italy
Spain
EU
Germany
United Kingdom
Belgium
OECD
Australia
U.S.A.
France
Japan
Total World
China
Canada
Israel
South Africa
South Korea
Iran
7%
5%
4%
3%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
0.5%
0.4%
0%
0%
5%
10%
36%
26%
18%
15%
13%
11%
19%
20%
Idro
Eolico
5%
Solare
8%
Biomasse
Geotermia
48%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Parte delle energie rinnovabile nell'uso finale
di energia (obbiettivo di 20% per il 2020)
20% RES target
20%
15%
RES share
10%
5%
0%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Parte delle rinnovabili per Stato Membro
50%
180%
Obbiettivo 2020 e risultato 2014
energia finale
153%
142%
40%
160%
140%
113%
120%
115%
100%
85%
30%
63%
80%
61%
60%
20%
40%
20%
10%
0%
-20%
0%
-40%
2014 deployment
2020 target
Delta
Leading Member States
REN Type
Leaders
Geothermal heat
Italy
Geothermal electricity
Italy
Heat Pumps
Italy, Sweden, France
Solar thermal
Germany, Greece, Austria and Cyprus
Solar PV
Germany, Italy, Spain
Wind
Spain, Portugal
Biomass
Sweden, Finland and Estonia
20%, ma quale? (2009)
3.000
Green X balanced scenario projection of renewable energy growth (TWh, EU25)
2.500
Biofuels
2.000
Wind offshore
Solar thermal
heating
Wind onshore
HP
1.500
Biomass,
biogas,
biowaste - H
1.000
45%
Bio - E
500
Hydro
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
Bioenergy: the EU leading renewable energy source
EU final renewable energy consumption (2012-2020,%)
Energie primarie
per il calore e raffrescamento (UE)
Biomassa
11%
Altre
Rin.
7%
Altre
4%
Gas
46%
Nucleare
7%
Petrolio
10%
Carbone
15%
100%
60%
% of total Renewable
90%
50%
80%
70%
40%
60%
50%
30%
40%
20%
30%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Svezia
Finlandia
Lettonia
Wind
Tide, Wave and Ocean
Solar
Hydro
Biomass and Renewable Wastes
Geothermal
Renewable share primary energy (%)
Renewable share final energy (%)
% REN in primary (circle) and final
(square) energy
Il podio europeo
Bioenergy end use (2005-2020)
140
Bioenergy (Mtoe)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2005
2010
Heating and Cooling
2015
Electricity
2020
Transport
Mtoe
Principali paesi produttori di
biomasse per calore
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
FR
DE
Fonte: CE 2012
SE
FI
PL
IT
AT
ES
RO
DK
Canelli
(AT)
Definizione di biomassa
• "Energia da fonti rinnovabili":
fonti energetiche rinnovabili
non fossili: eolica, solare,
geotermica, dal moto ondoso,
maremotrice,
idraulica,
biomassa, gas di discarica,
gas residuati dai processi di
depurazione e biogas;
"biomassa“ significa la frazione biodegradabile
dei prodotti, rifiuti e residui d’origine biologica
provenienti dall'agricoltura (comprendente
sostanze vegetali e animali), dalla silvicoltura e
dalle industrie connesse incluso pesca e
acquacoltura, nonché la parte biodegradabile dei
rifiuti industriali e urbani.
Se a Napoli si chiama mondezza per il legislatore europeo è
una ricchezza !
CO2 neutra e disponibile
CO2
Il problema di fondo non è la disponibilità delle biomasse, ma il
management “sostenibile” di produzione ed uso delle bioenergie senza
alterare l’ambiente ed i raccolti per le industrie agroalimentari.
Cosa facciamo con i rifiuti?
Fonte: 2013, data 2011, Eurostat http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Strategia UE per il calore e raffrescamento
Elettricità
Trasporti
Calore
Domanda
finale di
energia
nell'UE
Source: Directorate-General for Energy
Biomassa
Fondi
Regionali
Rete di calore
Cogenerazione
Source: Directorate-General for Energy
The RES framework post 2020
Based on a full
delivery of the
2020
framework
EU-level at
least 27 %
target fulfilled
through MS
contributions
No MS
binding RES
targets, but
EU level
measures
More
regional
cooperation
and
coordination
Review of the renewables energy
directive
Based on a
full delivery
of the 2020
framework
Consumer at
the core
Specific
provisions on
heating and
cooling +
transport
More regional
cooperation
and
coordination
EU-level at
least 27 %
target
fulfilled
through MS
contributions
No nationally
binding RES
targets, but
individual MS
may set
higher
national
targets
EU policy on bioenergy sustainability post-2020
• Objectives:
 deliver robust GHG savings
 avoid significant environmental impacts
 guarantee fair resource competition
Approach:
 Build on existing experience from the EU biofuel sustainability
criteria
 Maximize synergies with relevant EU policies (e.g. LULUCF
regime, energy efficiency, Common Agriculture Policy etc.)
 Analyse need for EU action, avoid unnecessary administrative
burden, consult widely stakeholders
EU bioenergy sustainability– share your views!
Online public consultation:
 Benefits of bioenergy
 Risk of bioenergy
 Effectiveness of existing EU
sustainability criteria
 Relevance of existing EU
environmental policies
 Options for an improved EU
policy on bioenergy
sustainability post-2020
 Until 10 May
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/consultations/preparation-sustainable-bioenergypolicy-period-after-2020
EU research on bioenergy sustainability
Biomass supply and demand potentials
(JRC)
Carbon impacts of bioenergy use by 2030
(CARBINE)
Resource efficiency impacts of bioenergy
(GLOBIOM)
ILUC quantification study on biofuels
Carbon performance of wood
substitution
Best practices on cascading of wood use
Grazie!
[email protected]