Conversational Italian for Travelers

Transcript

1204 A
Conversational Italian
for Travelers
Kathryn Occhipinti
Audio
Dialogue
Practice Book
Volume 2
Conversational
Italian
for
Travelers
Audio Dialogue Practice Book
Volume 2
Kathryn Occhipinti
Conversational Italian for Travelers: Audio Dialog Practice Book, Volume 2
Copyright © 2014 by Kathryn Occhipinti
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-9903834-1-3
Publisher: Stella Lucente, LLC
Italian Editor: Simona Giuggioli
Graphics and Page Layout: Rudolph Litwin
Cover Photograph: Kathryn Occhipinti
Entrance to Piazza San Marco, Venezia
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Order at:
Internet: www.StellaLucente.com or www.learntravelitalian.com
Stella Lucente, LLC
P.O. Box 9640
Peoria, IL 61612
Introduction: How to Use This Book
The Conversational Italian Audio Dialogue Practice Book is filled with useful phrases, verb
conjugations, and sentences for the student of Italian to read and repeat out loud. Each chapter
of the book can be downloaded as an audio file in MP3 format from the web sites
www.StellaLucente.com and www.Learntravelitalian.com, and has native speakers for both the
Italian phrases and for the English translation that immediately follows. The phrases in each
chapter start out simply and the complete verb conjugations for the verbs to be covered in that
chapter are given for memorization. Then, as the chapter progresses, the phrases build into more
complex sentences, using the vocabulary that has already been covered. In this way, word choice
and verb conjugation should become automatic. The more the phrases are repeated, the more
they become a part of one’s understanding of how the language is actually used, and the more
natural and easy speaking in Italian becomes!
The two volumes of the audio dialogue practice book are companion books to the textbook
Conversational Italian for Travelers, in that all content in Chapter 1 of the audio book is covered in
Chapter 1 of the textbook, and so on, for each chapter. The audio books provide practice that
includes and then goes beyond the examples and vocabulary provided in the textbook, in order
to make the spoken language truly come alive. Since the focus of the textbook is on adult
education for travel purposes, this is also, of course, the focus of the audio practice books.
The textbook Conversational Italian for Travelers is divided into three units, “Transportation,”
“City Life,” and “At the Hotel and Restaurant.” Volume 1 of the audio practice books covers th e
“Transportation” and half of the “City Life” units. Volume 1 starts with beginning material, with
basic meeting/greeting phrases, and continues with phrases about how to get around Italy using
various modes of transportation, how to purchase items, and how to tell time. Italian present
tense verb conjugations, command forms, and reflexive verbs are also introduced later in the
volume, so the student can begin to explain actions and feelings to a friend. Volume 2 covers the
remainder of the “City Life” unit and the “At the Hotel and Restaurant” unit, with additional
material so the student can describe likes/dislikes, and practice speaking in the past, future, and
conditional tenses. Of course, Volume 2 also covers vocabulary that will enable one to make
reservations, talk on the telephone, and visit a hotel and restaurant.
Can these audio books be used without the Conversational Italian for Travelers textbook
explanations? Of course! For those who learn best by listening, the material to be covered is
presented simply at the start of each practice session, in both the text and on the audio file. So,
one can just listen, listen, listen, and of course, repeat and start to speak Italian immediately!
There is much repetition in the first two chapters of names of countries and of nationalities, which
use Italian words that are similar to English and so are easily understood by English speakers; this
is in order to focus on the basic ideas of verb conjugation and masculine and feminine agreement
in Italian. In later chapters, more and more important vocabulary is gradually introduced – similar
to the way we learn our native language as children. Listen to each phrase once, or over and over
again – as much or as little as needed, and follow the pace that is best for you!
Purchase the audio book and download the phrases into your own personal MP3 player, and get
started today learning to speak Italian like a native! – Kathryn Occhipinti
©2014 Stella Lucente, LLC
Learntravelitalian.com
III
Table of Contents
Conversational Italian for Travelers Audio Dialogue Practice Book
(Volume 2)
Chapter 10 – Shopping in Milan .............................................................................................................. 99
Practice – 1 Fare / Idiomatic expressions with fare...................................................................... 99
Practice – 5 Important Phrases – Shopping for groceries / Shopping for any item.....100
Practice – 6 Important Phrases – Shopping for non-food items / Fare / Andare.................
Vocabulary – In the piazza...........................................................................................101
Practice – 7 Sentirsi – to describe health / Fare + indirect pronouns and health..........101
Practice – 8 Vocabulary – In the piazza ......................................................................................... 101
Practice – 9 Mettirsi – when dressing / Stare + indirect object pronouns and clothing....
Idiomatic Expression, “Non va bene” .................................................................... 103
Practice – 10 Important Phrases – Shopping for clothing ....................................................... 103
Practice – 11 Important Phrases – Shopping for clothing / Vocabulary – Clothing ...... 104
Practice – 12 Adverbs of frequency ................................................................................................. 104
Practice – 13 Building sentences to tell a story / Adverbs of frequency / “On days...”.........
Vocabulary – In the piazza / Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery ............ 105
Practice – 14 Questa / Bella / Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery .................................... 106
Practice – 15 Quella / Bella / Vocabulary – Shopping for clothing ...................................... 106
Practice – 16 Questo / Bello / Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery .................................... 106
Practice – 17 Quello / Bello / Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery ..................................... 106
Practice – 18 Verbs that take a + infinitive ................................................................................... 107
Practice – 19 Verbs that take a + infinitve / Telling a story .................................................... 107
Practice – 20 Piacere – piace + mi, ti, gli / Vocabulary – Shopping ................................... 108
Practice – 21 Piacere – piace + ci, vi, gli / Vocabulary – Shopping ..................................... 108
Practice – 22 Piace + infinitive (use of singular form) / Vocabulary – Shopping .......... 108
Practice – 23 Piacere – piacciono + mi, ti, gli / Vocabulary – Shopping ........................... 109
Practice – 24 Piacere – piacciono + ci, vi, gli / Vocabulary – Shopping ............................ 109
V
(Volume 2)
Chapter 10 – Shopping in Milan .............................................................................................................. 99
Practice – 25 Piace + infinitive (use of singular form) / Vocabulary – Shopping .......... 109
Practice – 26 Fare / Idiomatic expressions with fare / Numbers – Fare and math ........ 110
Chapter 11 – At the Coffee Shop...........................................................................................................111
Practice – 1 Comprare – past tense (passato prossimo) / Vocabulary – Shopping .... 111
Practice – 2 Vendere – past tense (passato prossimo) / Vocabulary – Shopping ........ 111
Practice – 3 Finire – past tense (passato prossimo) .................................................................. 112
Practice – 4 Cognates – Adjectives of personality traits ending in -oso ......................... 112
Practice – 5 Potere – past tense (passato prossimo)................................................................ 113
Practice – 6 Potere present and past tense (passato prossimo).................................................
Idiomatic expressions with potere ......................................................................... 113
Practice – 7 Volere / Volere – past tense (passato prossimo) .............................................. 114
Practice – 8 Grammar Note – Friendship and more... / Volere / Amare...................................
Idiomatic expression, “Ti voglio bene.” / Past participle innamorato ....... 114
Practice – 9 Dovere present and past tense (passato prossimo).................................................
Dovere + svegliarsi and placement of reflexive pronoun mi ........................ 115
Practice – 10 Vocabulary – Trades in town ................................................................................... 115
Practice – 11 Important Phrases – Making friends – Let’s get to know one another....116
Practice – 14 Important Phrases – Making friends – Asking the question... ..................... 117
Practice – 15 Important Phrases – Making friends – Asking the question... ..................... 118
Practice – 16 Important Phrases – Making friends – And the answer is... no (politely) 118
Practice – 17 Important Phrases – Making friends – If you want to leave (politely) ..... 119
Practice – 18 Important Phrases – Making friends – And the answer is...no (impolite)119
Practice – 19 Important Phrases – Making friends / Dialogue for two............................... 119
Practice – 20 Important Phrases – Making friends – And the answer is... yes! ................ 120
Practice – 21 important Phrases – Making friends / Dialogue for two............................... 120
Practice – 22 Postitive adjectives of personality and terms of endearment..................... 121
Practice – 23 Negative adjectives of personality ........................................................................ 121
VI
(Volume 2)
Chapter 11 – At the Coffee Shop...........................................................................................................111
Practice – 24 Common suffixes of nouns and adjectives -ino, -ina, -etta ......................... 122
Practice – 25 Common suffixes of nouns and adjectives -one .............................................. 122
Practice – 26 Common suffixes of nouns and adjectives -accio, -accia ............................. 122
Practice – 27 Relative superlatives.................................................................................................... 123
Practice – 28 Relative superlatives / Vocabulary – Adjectives of personality...........................
Possessive Adjectives with family members....................................................... 123
Practice – 29 Irregular past participles .......................................................................................... 124
Practice – 30 Fare – past tense (passato prossimo) / avere + fatto..................................... 125
Practice – 31 Vedere – past tense (passato prossimo) / avere + visto ............................... 125
Practice – 32 Dire – past tense (passato prossimo) / avere + detto.................................... 126
Practice – 33 Irreg. past participles .................................................................................................. 126
Chapter 12 – Phone Reservations .........................................................................................................127
Practice – 1 Vocabulary – The telephone ..................................................................................... 127
Practice – 2 Important Phrases – Asking for a friend (familiar) ............................................ 128
Practice – 3 Important Phrases – Speaking to the operator / Business calls (polite)... 128
Practice – 4 Important Phrases – Answers the receptionist may give (polite)................ 128
Practice – 5 Important Phrases – Asking for information over the phone....................... 129
Practice – 6 Important Phrases – Ending a familiar telephone conversation.................. 129
Practice – 7 Important Phrases – What to say if you can’t hear or don’t understand . 129
Practice – 8 Important Phrases – Recording an outgoing message................................... 130
Practice – 9 Important Phrases – How to leave a message ................................................... 130
Practice – 10 Important phrases – Instant messaging .............................................................. 130
Practice – 11 Andare / Arrivare / Cominciare / Iniziare – past tense (passato prossimo)...
essere + andato, arrivato, cominciato, iniziato ................................................. 131
Practice – 12 Cadere – past tense (passato prossimo) / essere + caduto ......................... 131
Practice – 13 Partire – past tense (passato prossimo) / essere partito ............................... 132
Practice – 14 Finire – past tense (passato prossimo) intransitive form: essere + finito.......
transitive form: avere + finito + direct object ................................................... 132
VII
(Volume 2)
Chapter 12 – Phone Reservations .........................................................................................................127
Practice – 15 Salire / Scendere – past tense (passato prossimo) intransitive form................
essere salito / essere sceso / use with prepositional phrases.............................
transitive form: avere salito / avere sceso + direct object ............................ 133
Practice – 16 Divertirsi – reflexive past tense (passato prossimo)...............................................
reflexive pronoun + essere + divertito................................................................. 134
Practice – 17 Cognates: -zione in Italian for -tion in English ................................................. 134
Practice – 18 Past tense (passato prossimo) / Telling the story of a family..............................
Prepositions: in / vengo dal, dalla, dall’ / Prepositions: a / vengo da ..... 135
Practice – 19 Important Phrases – Making, checking, and changing a reservation...............
Present and Past tense (passato prossimo) – Fare / Prenotare / Annullare..
Cambiare / Controllare / Confermare / Riservare / Ordinare ...................... 136
Practice – 20 Comparatives of equality – (cosi) come / (tanto) quanto ............................. 136
Practice – 21 Comparatives – più, il più, -issimo.................................................................................
Comparatives of superiority and inferiority – più... che / meno... che ...... 137
Practice – 22 Comparatives of superiority and inferiority – più... di / meno... di ............ 137
Practice – 23 Irregular comparative and superlative forms, adjectives buono/cattivo 138
Practice – 24 Irregular comparative and superlative forms,adjectives grande/piccolo 138
Practice – 25 Irregular comparative and superlative forms, adverbs bene/male ........... 139
Practice – 26 Irregular comparative and superlative forms, adverbs molto/poco..................
Use of the superlative with adjectives .................................................................. 139
Practice – 27 Avere – past tense (passato prossimo) / avere + avuto ................................ 140
Practice – 28 Avere – past tense (passato prossimo) / ha avuto...................................................
Singular and double negative with the passato prossimo ........................... 140
Practice – 29 Essere – past tense (passato prossimo) / essere stato ................................... 141
Practice – 30 Essere – past tense (passato prossimo) / è stato / contento di..........................
Singular and double negative with the passato prossimo ........................... 141
Practice – 31 Idiomatic expressions with dovere ........................................................................ 141
VIII
(Volume 2)
Chapter 13 – Arriving at the Hotel ........................................................................................................143
Practice – 1 More adjectives of quantity – ogni and tutto (tutta/tutti/tutte) ................. 143
Practice – 2 Expressions of past time – stamattina, ieri, scorso (scorsa/scorsi/scorse) 143
Practice – 3 Abitare – past tense (imperfetto) / Use of in via to mean “on a street” ... 144
Practice – 4 Vedere – past tense (imperfetto) ............................................................................ 144
Practice – 5 Finire – past tense (imperfetto) / Finire + di + infinitive verb ...................... 145
Practice – 6 Pensare / Credere – present tense and past tense (imperfetto)..........................
Present tense (subjunctive) and past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) ...... 145
Practice – 7 Sentirsi – reflexive past tense (imperfetto) .......................................................... 146
Practice – 8 Adverbs of frequency / Andare / Finire / Sentirsi ............................................. 146
Practice – 9 Vocabulary – Italian holidays and holiday greetings through the year .... 147
Practice – 10 Dire – past tense (imperfetto) (irreg. stem) ........................................................ 148
Practice – 11 Fare – past tense (imperfetto) (irreg. stem)........................................................ 148
Practice – 12 Bere – past tense (imperfetto) (irreg. stem) ....................................................... 148
Practice – 13 Essere – past tense irreg. (imperfetto) ................................................................. 149
Practice – 14 Avere – past tense (imperfetto) .............................................................................. 149
Practice – 15 Avere – past tense (imperfetto) / Expressions that use avere in past. ..... 150
Practice – 16 Avere – present and past tense (imperfetto) for states of being......................
Essere – present and past tense irreg. (imperfetto) for states of being . 150
Practice – 17 Idiomatic expressions, fa and expressions of past time ................................ 151
Practice – 18 Past Tense (passato prossimo) vs. Past Tense (imperfetto) ......................... 152
Practice – 19 Vocabulary – At the hotel ......................................................................................... 153
Practice – 20 Vocabulary – In the hotel room .............................................................................. 153
Practice – 21 Numbers – Telling time in the past tense (imperfetto) .........................................
“Che ora era?” “Che ore erano?” / Numbers 1 – 12 ....................................... 154
Practice – 22 Numbers – Telling time – Special expressions past tense (imperfetto) .. 154
Practice – 23 Numbers – Telling time – Special expressions and writing the time................
in the past tense (imperfetto) / 24 hour clock................................................... 155
IX
(Volume 2)
Chapter 14 – On the Beach at Last! ......................................................................................................157
Practice – 1 Vocabulary – The weather.......................................................................................... 157
Practice – 2 Vocabulary – The weather / Piovere / Nevicare / Tirare ................................. 158
Practice – 3 Vocabulary – The weather past tense (imperfetto) .......................................... 158
Practice – 4 Nessuno ............................................................................................................................ 158
Practice – 5 Vocabulary – The weather / Fare / Essere, with reference to weather ...... 159
Practice – 6 Voacbulary – The weather / Fare / Essere past tense (imperfetto).....................
with reference to the weather ................................................................................. 159
Practice – 7 Dovere – past tense (imperfetto) (= supposed to)....................................................
past tense (passato prossimo) (= had to) / avere vs. essere dovuto ......... 160
Practice – 8 Potere – past tense (imperfetto) (= could have).........................................................
past tense (passato prossimo) (= was / were able to).............................................
avere vs. essere potuto............................................................................................... 161
Practice – 9 Volere – past tense (imperfetto) (= used to want / wanted).................................
past tense (passato prossimo) (= did want / wanted)............................................
avere vs. essere voluto................................................................................................ 162
Practice – 10 Avere – past tense (passato prossimo).........................................................................
Dovere / Potere / Volere / Conoscere / Sapere – past tenses .................. 163
Practice – 11 Idiomatic expression, “Quanti anni aveva?” ....................................................... 163
Practice – 12 Numbers – Expressions of time, “Da quanto?” and “Da quando?” ........... 164
Chapter 15 – Sightseeing! ........................................................................................................................165
Practice – 1 Adverbial prepositions for directions .................................................................... 165
Practice – 2 Adverbial prepositions for directions / Vocabulary – Sightseeing ............ 165
Practice – 3 Important Phrases – Directions ............................................................................... 166
Practice – 4 Responses to questions used to ask for directions .......................................... 167
Practice – 5 Expressions of future time ......................................................................................... 168
Practice – 6 Abitare – future tense (irreg. stem) ........................................................................ 168
Practice – 7 Chiudere – future tense (irreg. stem) ..................................................................... 169
Practice – 8 Finire – future tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................................ 169
Practice – 9 Avere – future tense (irreg. stem)............................................................................ 170
X
(Volume 2)
Chapter 15 – Sightseeing! ........................................................................................................................165
Practice – 10 Essere – future tense (irreg. stem) ......................................................................... 170
Practice – 11 Avere / Essere future tense / Expressions that use avere future tense.... 170
Practice – 12 Niente and nulla / Use of non as the subject / Expressions with.......................
niente and nulla ............................................................................................................ 171
Practice – 13 Niente as an adjective / Niente + di + adjective / Niente + da + verb .. 171
Practice – 14 Andare – future tense (irreg. stem) ....................................................................... 172
Practice – 15 Dovere – future tense (irreg. stem) ....................................................................... 172
Practice – 16 Potere – future tense (irreg. stem)......................................................................... 172
Practice – 17 Sapere – future tense (irreg. stem) ........................................................................ 173
Practice – 18 Vedere – future tense (irreg. stem)........................................................................ 173
Practice – 19 Vivere – future tense (irreg. stem) ......................................................................... 173
Practice – 20 Dare – future tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................................ 174
Practice – 21 Fare – future tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................................. 174
Practice – 22 Stare – future tense (irreg. stem)............................................................................ 174
Practice – 23 Bere – future tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................................. 175
Practice – 24 Venire – future tense (irreg. stem) ......................................................................... 175
Practice – 25 Volere – future tense (irreg. stem) ......................................................................... 175
Practice – 26 Compound sentences with future tenses ........................................................... 176
Practice – 27 Numbers – Talking about events in present, future, and past tense ....... 176
Practice – 28 Numbers – Talking about events in present, future, and past tense................
Use of past participles aperto and chiuso as adjectives ............................... 177
Chapter 16 – At the Restaurant! ............................................................................................................179
Practice – 1 Dimenticare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Direct object pronouns mi,ti..........
The negative – non... mai ............................................................................................ 179
Practice – 2 Cercare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Direct object pronouns ti, la ........... 179
Practice – 3 Toccare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Direct object pronoun lo..........................
Idiomatic expression, “tocca a te” .......................................................................... 180
Practice – 4 Pagare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo..............
Use of subject pronoun io after the verb to signify intention ..................... 180
XI
(Volume 2)
Practice – 5 Dimenticare / Cercare / Pagare / Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo, la .............
The negative – non... mai ............................................................................................ 181
Practice – 6 Mangiare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Direct object pronouns lo, la ...... 181
Practice –7 Viaggiare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Disjunctive pronoun con noi ........ 182
Practice – 8 Lasciare – future tense (irreg. stem) / Disjunctive pronouns per me,te .... 182
Practice – 9 Cominciare – future tense (irreg. stem) ................................................................ 183
Practice – 10 The negative – Niente, nessuno, né... né, neanche ........................................ 183
Practice – 11 Dare / Vuole + dare + indirect object pronoun + direct object pronoun......
Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo / Indirect object pronouns mi, ti, gli............
Disjunctive pronouns a me, a te, a lui / Change indirect: me, te, glie ..... 184
Practice – 12 Dare / Vuole + dare + indirect object pronoun + direct obejct pronoun......
Direct object pronouns lo, la / Indirect object pronoun le..................................
Disjunctive pronouns a, con, per: me, te, lei /Change indirect: le to glie185
Practice – 13 Dare / Vuole + dare + indirect object pronoun + direct object pronoun......
Direct object pronouns ci, vi, gli / Indirect object pronouns ci, vi, a loro......
Disjunctive pronouns a noi, a voi, a loro / Change indirect: ce, ve, glie . 186
Practice – 14 Lavarsi / Direct object pronoun le with reflexive verb lavarsi ..................... 187
Practice – 15 Pagare / Dimenticare / Dimenticare + di + dare......................................................
Dare + object pronouns / Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo la...........................
Indirect object pronouns mi, ti, le, gli .................................................................. 187
Practice – 16 Vocabulary – At the restaurant – Table setting and condiments .............. 188
Practice – 17 The partitive – Some, any, a little bit / Vocabulary – At the restaurant... 189
Practice – 18 Important Phrases – Speaking with the waiter..........................................................
Vocabulary – A typical Italian menu ...................................................................... 189
Practice – 19 Important Phrases – Speaking with the waiter..........................................................
Vocabulary – A typical Italian menu ...................................................................... 190
Practice – 20 Piacere – io piaccio / Disjunctive pronouns / Indirect object pronouns . 191
Practice – 21 Piacere – tu piaci / Disjunctive pronouns / Indirect object pronouns...... 191
Practice – 22 Piacere – lui piace / Disjunctive pronouns / Indirect obejct pronouns.... 192
XII
(Volume 2)
Practice – 23 Piacere – lui piace, replacing lui with names / Indirect object pronouns 192
Practice – 24 Piacere – lei piace / Disjunctive pronouns / Indirect object pronouns .... 193
Practice – 25 Piacere – lei piace, replacing lei with names / Indirect object pronouns 193
Practice – 26 Numbers – The centuries .......................................................................................... 194
Chapter 17 – Dinner at the Restaurant................................................................................................195
Practice – 1 Important Phrases – Breakfast, lunch and dinner ............................................. 195
Practice – 2 Important Phrases – Breakfast, lunch and dinner ............................................. 196
Practice – 3 The partitive – Di + definite article, un po’ di, qualche, alcuni..................... 196
Practice – 4 Use of the partitive in negative and interrogative expressions ................... 197
Practice – 5 Substituting ne for the partitive + noun ............................................................. 197
Practice – 6 Avere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) .........................................................................
Avere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) ...................................................... 198
Practice – 7 Essere – conditional tense (irreg. stem).........................................................................
Essere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto)....................................................... 198
Practice – 8 Abitare – conditional tense........................................................................................ 199
Practice – 9 Abitare – conditional tense ...............................................................................................
Avere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto)........................................................ 199
Practice – 10 Scegliere – conditional tense ................................................................................... 200
Practice – 11 Scegliere – conditional tense / Essere – past tense subjunctive ............... 200
Practice – 12 Finire – conditional tense .......................................................................................... 201
Practice – 13 Finire – conditional tense...................................................................................................
Avere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) ...................................................... 201
Practice – 14 Vedere – past tense (passato prossimo) / Direct object pronouns lo,la,li,le..
Volere – past tense (imperfetto) / The partitive ne when responding ..... 202
Practice – 15 Andare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................. 203
Practice – 16 Dovere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................. 203
Practice – 17 Potere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) .............................................................. 203
Practice – 18 Sapere – conditional tense (irreg. stem).............................................................. 204
Practice – 19 Vedere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................. 204
XIII
(Volume 2)
Chapter 17 – Dinner at the Restaurant................................................................................................195
Practice – 20 Vivere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ............................................................... 204
Practice – 21 Dare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) .................................................................. 205
Practice – 22 Fare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ................................................................... 205
Practice – 23 Stare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ................................................................. 205
Practice – 24 Bere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) .................................................................. 206
Practice – 25 Venire – conditional tense (irreg. stem) .............................................................. 206
Practice – 26 Volere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) .............................................................. 206
Practice – 26 Dovere / Potere / Volere ........................................................................................... 207
Chapter 18 – Birthday Surprise...............................................................................................................209
Practice – 1 Dovere – conditional past tense (= should have) ............................................. 209
Practice – 2 Potere – conditional past tense (= could have) ................................................. 210
Practice – 3 Volere – conditional past tense (= would have) ................................................ 211
Practice – 4 Piacere – conditional tense – piacerebbe, piaccerebbero / Caro................ 212
Practice – 5 Piacere – conditional past tense / essere conditional + piaciuto .............. 212
Practice – 6 Important Phrases – Common conditional phrases ......................................... 213
Practice – 7 More uses of ne to describe quantity / Ne and phrases that end in di.... 214
Practice – 8 Use of the adverb ci, meaning, “there” and “in it” / Ci + volere..........................
Idiomatic expressions, “I’ve got it,” “I’ve got them” ...................................... 215
Practice – 9 Indefinite adjectives ..................................................................................................... 216
Practice – 10 Describing groups of two or more / How to say “both” ............................... 216
Practice – 11 Parts of the body with irregular plurals – the head and face ...................... 216
Practice – 12 Parts of the body with irregular plurals – the torso and extremities ........ 217
Practice – 13 Dimenticare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) / Direct pronouns mi,ti,lo........
The negative (never) – non... mai ........................................................................... 218
Practice – 14 Cercare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) / Direct pronouns ti, la.............. 218
Practice – 15 Toccare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) / Direct object pronoun lo...............
Idiomatic expression,“tocca a te” / The negative (anymore) – non... più 219
Practice – 16 Pagare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) / Direct pronouns mi, ti, lo ....... 219
XIV
(Volume 2)
Chapter 18 – Birthday Surprise...............................................................................................................209
Practice – 17 Dimenticare / Cercare / Pagare / Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo...................
The negative (not ever) – non... mai ...................................................................... 220
Practice – 18 Mangiare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) / Direct pronouns mi, ti, lo .. 220
Practice – 19 Viaggiare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) / Direct pronouns mi, ti, lo .. 221
Practice – 20 Lasciare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ........................................................... 221
Practice – 21 Cominciare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) ..................................................... 222
Practice – 22 Dispiacere / Indirect object pronouns mi, ti, ci ................................................. 223
Practice – 23 Dispiacere – present conditional tesnse – dispiacerebbe, dispiacerebbero..
Indirect object pronouns mi, ti, ci .......................................................................... 223
An Italian Menu ............................................................................................................................................225
Practice – 1 Beverages and alcoholic drinks................................................................................ 225
Practice – 2 Antipasto .......................................................................................................................... 226
Practice – 3 Soup ................................................................................................................................... 227
Practice – 4 Fresh egg pasta .............................................................................................................. 227
Practice – 5 Dried pasta, gnocchi and rice ................................................................................... 228
Practice – 6 Famous Italian pasta, gnocchi, and rice dishes .................................................. 229
Practice – 7 Cooking methods and meats ................................................................................... 230
Practice – 8 Fish and shellfish ........................................................................................................... 231
Practice – 9 Vegetables ....................................................................................................................... 232
Practice – 10 Italian wines .................................................................................................................. 233
Practice – 11 Italian liquors ................................................................................................................. 233
Practice – 12 Italian desserts .............................................................................................................. 234
Practice – 13 Nuts ................................................................................................................................... 235
Practice – 14 Italian cheeses ............................................................................................................... 235
Practice – 15 Fruits ................................................................................................................................. 236
Practice – 16 Italian coffees................................................................................................................. 237
XV
Unit 2-City Life
Audio Dialogue Chapter 10
Chapter 10 – Shopping in Milan
Practice – 1
Fare – present tense (irreg.) – faccio, fai, fa, facciamo, fate, fanno
Idiomatic expressions with fare
Io faccio la doccia.
I take a shower.
Tu fai una passeggiata stasera.
You are taking a walk this evening.
Lui fa lo spiritoso.
He is being funny.
Facciamo sport.
Fate una passseggiata stasera.
Fanno una festa oggi per il suo
compleanno.
We play sports.
You all are taking a walk this evening.
They are having (lit. make) a party
today for his birthday.
Practice – 2
Fare – present tense (irreg.) – faccio, fai, fa, facciamo, fate, fanno
Io faccio un giro in macchina.
I take a drive.
Tu fai una passeggiata con lei.
You take a walk with her.
Lui fa due passi.
He takes a walk.
Facciamo un salto da Maria.
Fate un viaggio in montagna.
Fanno un viaggio al mare.
We drop by Maria’s (house).
(lit. make a hop over to Maria’s)
You all take a trip to the mountains.
They take a trip to the ocean.
Practice – 3
Fare – present tense (irreg.) – fa / Idiomatic expressions with fare
Lei fa una dieta.
She is on a diet.
Mia mamma fa una telefonata.
My mother makes a telephone call.
Fa lo stesso.
It’s all the same.
Non fa niente!
It’s nothing! / It doesn’t matter!
Never mind!
Fammi pensare.
Let me think.
Mi fa schifo!
It’s disgusting to me!
99
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 4
Fare – present tense (irreg.) – fa
Fare – present tense (irreg. familiar command) – fa
Lei fa da insegnante.
She acts as the teacher.
Lui fa il malato.
He pretends to be sick.
Lui fa lo spiritoso.
He is funny.
La mucca fa “moo.”
The cow goes “moo.”
Lei fa “ha ha.”
She goes “ha ha.”
Si fa tardi.
It is getting late.
Si fa buio.
It is getting dark.
Fa pure!
Go ahead!
Non ho niente da fare.
I have nothing to do.
I don’t have anything to do.
Practice – 5
Important Phrases – Shopping for groceries / Shopping for any item
Fare la spesa
To do the grocery shopping
To shop for groceries
Faccio la spesa.
I do the grocery shopping.
Vado a fare la spesa.
I go to do the grocery shopping.
I am going to do the grocery shopping.
Fare spese
Faccio spese.
Vado a fare spese.
Vado a comprare...
To do the (general) shopping
(usually to the piazza or mall for
clothes, shoes, or other personal items)
I do the shopping.
I go to do the shopping.
I go to buy… (any item)
Fare compere
Faccio compere.
Vado a fare compere.
Vado a fare aquisti.
Vado a comprare...
To do the (general) shopping (any item)
I do the shopping.
I go to to do the shopping.
I go to buy… (any item)
100
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 6
Important Phrases – Shopping for non-food items / Vocabulary – In the piazza
Fare – present tense (irreg.) – faccio
Andare – imperative tense (irreg.) – Andiamo!
Fare shopping
To do the (general) shopping
Faccio shopping.
I do the shopping.
Faccio shopping a Milano.
I do the shopping in Milan.
Faccio shopping in piazza.
I do the shopping in (the) piazza.
Faccio shopping al negozio di Rosa.
I do the shopping at Rose’s shop.
Faccio shopping di vestiti.
I shop for clothes.
Faccio acquisti per la casa.
I make purchases for the house.
Faccio compere.
I make purchases. / I go shopping.
Vado a fare shopping.
Andiamo al parco!
Let’s go to the park!
Andiamo al cinema!
Let’s go to the movies!
Andiamo in pizzeria!
Let’s go to the pizzeria!
Andiamo in chiesa!
Let’s go to church!
Practice – 7
Sentirsi – Direct reflexive verb to describe health – mi sento, ti senti, si sente
Fare +indirect pronouns mi, ti, gli to describe health – fa male / fanno male
(Io) Mi sento male.
I feel sick. (lit. I feel myself badly.)
Mi fa male la testa.
My head hurts.
(lit. The head is hurting to me.)
Mi fa male la gola.
My throat hurts.
Mi fa male lo stomaco.
My stomach hurts.
Mi fanno male i piedi.
My feet hurt.
(lit. The feet are hurting to me.)
(Tu) Ti senti male?
(Do) you feel sick?
Ti fa male la testa.
Your head hurts.
Ti fa male la gola.
Your throat hurts.
(Lui) Si sente male?
(Does) he feel sick?
Gli fa male lo stomaco.
His stomach hurts.
(lit. The stomach is hurting to him.)
(Lei) Si sente male?
(Does) she feel sick?
Le fanno male i piedi.
Her feet hurt.
(lit. The feet are hurting to her.)
101
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 8
Vocabulary – In the piazza
La piazza
Il negozio
Il parco
La panchina
Il cinema
La cassa (del cinema)
Il duomo
La chiesa
La cappella
La macelleria
Il salone di bellezza
Il parrucchiere
Il barbiere
Il chiosco / La rivista
L’edicola / Il giornale
La libreria / Il libro
Il ristorante
La trattoria
La pizzeria
Il bar / Il caffè
La gelateria
La gioielleria
L’agenzia di viaggi
Il negozio di alimentari
Il supermercato
Il negozio di fiori
La lavanderia
La drogheria
L’agenzia immobiliare
La pasticceria
Il panificio
Il negozio di vestiti / abbigliamento
Il negozio di scarpe
102
Town Square
Store / Shop
Park (outdoor public space)
Bench ( in a park)
Movie Theater
Box Office
Cathedral
Church
Chapel
Butcher Shop
Beauty Shop
Hair Salon
Barber
Kiosk / Magazine
News-stand / Newspaper
Bookstore / Book
Restaurant
Restaurant (family-run)
Pizza Restaurant (pizza place)
Coffee House
Ice Cream Shop
Jewelery Store
Travel Agency
Grocery Store
Supermarket
Flower Shop
Dry Cleaners
Drug Store / General Store
Real Estate Agency
Bakery (pastry shop)
Bakery (bread shop)
Clothing Store
Shoe Store
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 9
Mettirsi – Direct reflexive verb when dressing – mi metto, ti metti, si mette.
Stare + indirect object pronouns mi, ti, gli to describe how clothing looks/fits –
sta bene / non sta bene / Idiomatic expression, “Non va bene.”
(Io) Mi metto il vestito.
I put on (myself) the dress.
(Tu) Ti metti il vestito.
You put on (yourself) the dress.
(Lei) Si mette il vestito.
She puts on (herself) the dress.
Il vestito mi sta bene.
The dress looks good on me.
(lit. The dress stays well to me.)
I vestiti mi stanno bene.
The dresses look good on me.
(lit. The dresses stay well to me.)
La camicia ti sta bene.
The shirt looks good on you.
La camicia le/gli sta bene.
The shirt looks good on her/on him.
La camicia non mi sta bene.
The shirt does not look good on me.
Non mi va bene.
It doesn’t fit me. (idiomatic expression)
Practice – 10
Important Phrases – Shopping for clothing
Mi può mostrare?
Could you show me? (polite)
Mostrami…
Show me… (familiar, to shopping
companion)
Mi fa vedere?
(Could you) show me? / Let me see…
(lit. Make me see…) (polite)
Fammi vedere…
Show me… (familiar, to shopping
companion)
Che taglia porta?
What size do you take / wear? (polite)
Porto la taglia…
I take / wear (the) size…
Alla moda
In style
Di marca
Designer / Brand name
Mi provo…
I try on…
Provati!
Try on! (familiar command)
Mi metto…
I put on…
Mettiti!
Put on! (familiar command)
Mi sta bene.
It looks good on me.
Ti sta bene.
It looks good on you.
La prendo!
I’ll take it!
103
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 11
Important Phrases – Shopping for clothing
Vocabulary – Shopping for clothing and jewelery
Mi può mostrare la camicia bianca, per Could you show me the white shirt,
favore?
please? (polite)
Mi fa vedere queste scarpe?
(Could you) show me those shoes?
(lit. make me see those shoes) (polite)
Che taglia porta?
What size do you wear? (polite)
Porto la (taglia) otto americana.
I wear the (size) 8 American.
Qual’è la taglia italiana per la (taglia)
What is the Italian size for the (size) 8
otto americana?
American?
Questa giacca è alla moda.
This jacket is in style.
Questa gonna è di marca.
This skirt is designer / brand name.
Mi provo i pantaloni.
I try on the pants. / I am trying on…
I am going to try on…
Ti provi il completo?
Are you trying on the suit..?
Are you going to try on...?
Mi metto gli occhiali.
I put on the glasses. / I am putting on...
I am going to put on…
Ti metti l’orologio?
Are you putting on the watch?
Are you going to put on...?
Practice – 12
Adverbs of frequency
Mai
Quasi mai
Qualche volta
Di solito
Spesso
Abbastanza spesso
Molto spesso
Frequentemente
Quasi sempre
Sempre
Per sempre
104
Never
Almost never
Sometimes
Usually / Often times
Often
Quite often
Very often / Time and time again
Frequently
Almost always
Always
Forever / For always
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 13
Building sentences to tell a story using per, perché, che, quando
Adverbs of frequency – Di solito, quasi mai, spesso, quasi sempre
Definite article + day of the week for “on days…”
Vocabulary – In the piazza
Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery and clothing
Di solito vado in piazza il venerdì.
Usually I go to the piazza on Fridays.
Di solito vado in piazza il venerdì per
Usually I go to the piazza on Fridays to
fare la spesa.
go grocery shopping.
Non vado quasi mai al supermercato.
I almost never go to the supermarket.
Non vado quasi mai al supermercato
I almost never go to the supermarket
perché la frutta non è fresca là.
because the fruit is not fresh there.
Spesso è anche possibile comprare
Often, it is also possible to buy many
molte cose.
things.
Spesso è anche possibile comprare
Often, it is also possible to buy many
molte cose per la casa in piazza.
things for the house in the piazza.
Di solito vado al negozio di vestiti il
sabato.
Molto spesso i negozi italiani hanno
vestiti alla moda che mi stanno bene.
Quasi sempre, io compro molta roba di
marca quando faccio shopping!
Usually I go to the clothing store on
Saturdays.
Very often the Italian stores have
fashionable dresses that look good on
me.
Almost always, I buy a lot of brand
name stuff when I go shopping!
105
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 14
Questa – feminine, singular and plural / Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery
Bella singular and plural
Questa collana è bella.
This necklace is beautiful.
Queste collane sono belle.
These necklaces are beautiful.
Quest’amica mia è bella.
This girlfriend of mine is beautiful.
Queste amiche mie sono belle.
These girlfriends of mine are beautiful.
Practice – 15
Quella – feminine, singular and plural / Vocabulary – Shopping for clothing
Bella singular and plural
Quella camicetta è bella.
That blouse/shirt is beautiful.
Quelle camicette sono belle.
Those blouses/shirts are beautiful.
Quell’amica mia è bella.
That girlfriend of mine is beautiful.
Quelle amiche mie sono belle.
Those girlfriends of mine are beautiful.
Practice – 16
Questo – masculine, singular and plural / Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery
Bello singular and plural
Questo braccialetto è bello.
This bracelet is beautiful.
Questi braccialetti sono belli.
These bracelets are beautiful.
Quest’anello è bello.
This ring is beautiful.
Questi anelli sono belli.
These rings are beautiful.
Practice – 17
Quello – masculine, singular and plural / Vocabulary– Shopping for jewelery
Bello singular and plural
Quel diamante è bello.
That diamond is beautiful.
Quei diamanti sono belli.
Those diamonds are beautiful.
Quell’orrecchino è bello.
That earring is beautiful.
Quegli orrecchini sono belli.
Those earrings are beautiful.
Quello zio è bello.
That uncle is handsome.
Quegli zii sono belli.
Those uncles are handsome.
106
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 18
Verbs that take a + infinitive
Aiuto mia mamma a cucinare la cena.
Mamma va a fare la spesa ogni
settimana.
Mi diverto a suonare il violino.
Tutti imparano a parlare italiano.
Comincio a cucinare la cena.
Lei insegna a parlare la lingua francese.
Lui l’invita a mangiare al ristorante.
Io mando Pietro a prendere una pizza.
Mi preparo a viaggiare in Italia.
Caterina viene a trovare i suoi cugini.
I help my mother cook the dinner.
Mom goes grocery shopping every
week.
I have fun playing the violin.
Everyone learns to speak Italian.
I start to make dinner.
She teaches how to speak the French
language.
He invites her to eat at the restaurant.
I send Peter to get a pizza.
I get ready to travel to Italy.
Kathy comes to visit her cousins.
Practice – 19
Verbs that take a + infinitive / Telling a story
Oggi, mia madre va a fare la spesa.
Today, my mother goes grocery
shopping.
Voglio aiutare mia madre a preparare la I want to help my mother to make (the)
cena.
dinner.
Mi diverto a cucinare.
I have fun cooking.
Prima, imparo a fare la pasta.
First, I learn how to make the pasta.
E poi, imparo a fare la salsa di
And then, I learn how to make the
pomodoro.
tomato sauce.
Mamma manda mio fratello a prendere Mom sends my brother to get some
il vino.
wine.
Ma, mio cugino ricco invita la famiglia a But, my rich cousin invites the family to
mangiare al ristorante.
eat in a restaurant.
Così, andiamo a un ristorante invece di So, we go to a restaurant instead of
mangiare a casa!
eating at home!
107
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 20
Piacere – present tense singular piace + indirect object pronouns mi, ti, gli
Vocabulary – Shopping for clothing
Mi piace la cravatta.
The tie is pleasing to me.
Ti piace il cappotto.
The coat is pleasing to you.
Gli piace la cintura.
The belt is pleasing to him.
Mi piace la cravatta.
Ti piace il cappotto.
Gli piace la cintura.
I like the tie.
You like the coat.
He likes the belt.
Practice – 21
Piacere – present tense singular piace + indirect object pronouns ci, vi, gli
Ci piace la borsa.
The handbag is pleasing to us.
Vi piace la cartella.
The briefcase is pleasing to you all.
Gli (= a loro) piace il cappello.
The hat is pleasing to them.
Ci piace la borsa.
Vi piace la cartella.
Gli (= a loro) piace il cappello.
We like the handbag.
You all like the briefcase.
They like the hat.
Practice – 22
Piacere – present tense singular piace, questions and answers
Piacere + infinitive – use of singular form piace
Ti piace il completo?
Is the suit pleasing to you?
Do you like the suit?
Si, mi piace il completo.
Yes, the suit is pleasing to me.
Yes, I like the suit.
Ti piace fare shopping?
Is shopping pleasing to you?
Do you like shopping?
Si, mi piace fare shopping.
Yes, shopping is pleasing to me.
Yes, I like shopping.
108
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 23
Piacere – present tense plural piacciono + indirect object pronouns mi, ti, gli
Mi piacciono le scarpe.
The shoes are pleasing to me.
Ti piacciono le ciabatte.
The slippers are pleasing to you.
Gli piacciono i calzini.
The socks are pleasing to him.
Mi piacciono le scarpe.
Ti piacciono le ciabatte.
Gli piacciono i calzini.
I like the shoes.
You like the slippers.
He likes the socks.
Practice – 24
Piacere – present tense plural piacciono + indirect object pronouns ci, vi, gli
Vocabulary– Shopping for clothing
Ci piacciono gli shorts.
The shorts are pleasing to us.
Vi piacciono i jeans.
The jeans are pleasing to you all.
Gli (= a loro) piacciono gli occhiali da
The sunglasses are pleasing to them.
sole.
Ci piacciono gli shorts.
Vi piacciono i jeans.
Gli (= a loro) piacciono gli occhiali da
sole.
We like the shorts.
You all like the jeans.
They like the sunglasses.
Practice – 25
Piacere – present tense plural piacciono, questions and answers
Piacere + infinitive – use of singular form piace
Vocabulary– Shopping for clothing and jewelery
Ti piacciono i vestiti?
Do you like (the) clothes?
Si, mi piacciono i vestiti.
Yes, I like (the) clothes.
Ti piacciono i gioielli?
Do you like (the) jewelery?
Si, mi piacciono i gioielli.
Yes, I like (the) jewelery.
Ti piace andare a comprare vestiti?
Do you like going shopping for
clothes?
Si, mi piace andare a comprare vestiti.
Yes, I like shopping for clothes.
109
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 26
Numbers – Fare and mathematics
Quanto fa?
Fa dieci euro.
Quanto fa con le tasse?
Fa quindici euro.
Quanto è cinque più cinque?
Cinque più cinque fa dieci.
Quanto fa senza le tasse?
How much (does) it cost (in total)?
It is 10 euros (total amount).
How much (does) it cost with the tax?
It is 15 euros (total amount).
What is five plus five?
Five plus five makes ten.
Fa cinque euro.
Quanto è dieci meno cinque?
Dieci meno cinque fa cinque.
How much (does) it cost without the
tax?
It costs 5 euro.
What is ten minus five?
Ten minus five makes five.
Quanto fa cinque vestiti neri e cinque
vestiti blu? (= Quanti/Quante?)
Fanno venticinque euro.
Quanto fa cinque per cinque?
Cinque per cinque fa venticinque.
How much are five black dresses and
five blue dresses?
They cost 25 euro.
What is five times five?
Five times five makes twenty five.
110
Unit 2-City Life
Chapter 11 – At the Coffee Shop
Practice – 1
Comprare – past tense (passato prossimo) –
avere + regular “are” past participle comprato
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno… comprato
Vocabulary – Shopping for the beach
Io ho comprato
I have bought / I bought
Tu hai comprato
You have bought / You bought
Lei ha comprato
She has bought / She bought
Noi abbiamo comprato
Voi avete comprato
Loro hanno comprato
We have bought / We bought
You all have bought / You all bought
They have bought / They bought
Ieri, io ho comprato gli occhiali da sole.
Tu hai comprato il bikini.
Lui ha comprato il costume da bagno.
Yesterday, I bought sunglasses.
You bought a bikini.
He bought a bathing suit.
Practice – 2
Vendere – past tense (passato prossimo) –
avere + regular “ere” past participle venduto
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno… venduto
Vocabulary – Shopping for jewelery
Io ho venduto
I have sold / I sold
Tu hai venduto
You have sold / You sold
Lei ha venduto
She has sold / She sold
Noi abbiamo venduto
Voi avete venduto
Loro hanno venduto
We have sold / We sold
You all have sold / You all sold
They have sold / They sold
Ieri, io ho venduto il mio anello.
Tu hai venduto la tua collana.
Lui ha venduto l’argento della sua
famiglia.
Yesterday, I sold my ring.
You sold your necklace.
He sold his family’s silver.
111
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 3
Finire – past tense (passato prossimo) transitive form –
avere + regular “ire” past participle finito + direct object
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno… finito + direct object
Io ho finito
I have finished / I finished
Tu hai finito
You have finished / You finished
Lui ha finito
He has finished / He finished
Noi abbiamo finito
Voi avete finito
Loro hanno finito
We have finished / We finished
You all have finished / You all finished
They have finished / They finished
Ieri, io ho finito questo libro.
Tu hai finito i tuoi studi.
Lei ha finito tutto il lavoro.
Yesterday, I finished this book.
You have finished your studies.
She has finished all of the work.
Practice – 4
Cognates – Adjectives of personality traits ending in –oso, for English –ous
Ambizioso(a)
Ambitious
Coraggioso(a)
Courageous
Curioso(a)
Curious
Generoso(a)
Generous
Nervoso(a)
Nervous
Spiritoso(a)
Facetious / Funny / Witty
112
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 5
Potere – present tense (irreg.) – posso, puoi, può, possiamo, potete, possono
Io posso
I can / I am able to
Tu puoi
You can / You are able to
Lei può
She can / She is able to
Noi possiamo
Voi potete
Loro possono
We can / We are able to
You all can / You all are able to
They can / They are able to
Practice – 6
Potere – present tense (irreg.) – posso, puoi
Potere – past tense (passato prossimo) – ho potuto
Idiomatic expressions with potere
Io posso imparare l’italiano.
(I) can learn the Italian (language).
Posso entrare?
May (I) enter?
Posso uscire?
May (I) leave?
Che cosa posso fare per Lei?
What can I do for you? (polite)
Posso darti una mano?
Can (I) give you a hand? (familiar)
Può farmi un favore?
Could (you) do me a favor? (polite)
Puoi farmi un favore?
Could (you) do me a favor? (familiar)
Fammi un favore!
Do me a favor! (familiar command)
Non posso…
Non ne posso più!
Non ho potuto imparare molto ieri.
Faccio quello che posso.
Ho corso a più non posso.
Ho lavorato a più non posso.
Ho mangiato a più non posso.
I can’t…
I can’t take it any more! / I’ve had it!
I could not learn very much yesterday.
I’m doing what I can.
I’m doing my best.
I ran as fast as I could.
I worked as hard as I could.
I ate as much as I could.
113
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 7
Volere – present tense (irreg.) – voglio, vuoi, vuole, vogliamo, volete, vogliono
Volere – past tense (passato prossimo) – ho voluto
Io voglio
I want
Tu vuoi
You want
Lei vuole
She wants
Noi vogliamo
Voi volete
Loro vogliono
We want
You all want
They want
Io voglio andare al cinema stasera.
Non voglio essere in ritardo.
Non voglio tornare a casa troppo tardi.
I want to go to the movies tonight.
I don’t want to be late.
I don’t want to return home too late.
Io ho voluto guardare il film.
Non ho voluto fare i compiti.
Non ho voluto leggere il libro.
I wanted to watch the film.
I didn’t want to do the homework.
I didn’t want to read the book.
Practice – 8
Grammar Note – Friendship and more… / Idiomatic expression, “Ti voglio bene.”
Volere – present tense (irreg.) – voglio, vuoi /Amare – present tense – amo, ami
Past participle innamorato(a)(i,e) used as an adjective
L’amicizia
Friendship
Faccio amicizia con le ragazze a scuola. I make friends with the girls at school.
L’amore
Love
Sono innamorato. / Sono innamorata.
I am in love. (male / female speaker)
Pietro e Francesca sono innamorati.
Peter and Frances are in love.
Mi vuoi bene?
Do you love me? / Do you care for me?
Are you fond of me? (idiomatic)
Mi ami?
Do you love me? (romantically)
Si, ti voglio bene.
Yes, I love you. / Yes, I care for you.
Yes, I am fond of you. (idiomatic)
Si, ti amo.
Yes, I love you. (romantically).
Ti amerò per sempre.
I will love you forever.
Voglio stare con te per sempre.
I want to stay with you forever.
114
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 9
Dovere – present tense (irreg.) – devo, devi, deve, dobbiamo, dovete, devono
Dovere –past tense (passato prossimo) – ha dovuto
Dovere – present tense +svegliarsi and placement of reflexive pronoun mi
Io devo
I must / I have to
Tu devi
You must / You have to
Lui deve
He must / He has to
Noi dobbiamo
Voi dovete
Loro devono
We must / We have to
You all must / You all have to
They must / They have to
Caterina deve studiare l’italiano.
Caterina ha dovuto imparare l’italiano.
Devo svegliarmi alle sei domani.
Mi devo svegliare alle sei domani.
Kathy must study the Italian (language).
Kathy had to learn (the) Italian.
I must get (myself) up at 6 tomorrow.
I must get (myself) up at 6 tomorrow.
Practice – 10
Vocabulary – Trades in town
Il ristoratore
Il cameriere
La cameriera
Il cuoco
Il capocuoco / Lo chef
Il pasticciere
Il pescatore
Il macellaio
Il/la fornaio
Il gioielliere
Il calzolaio
Il parrucchiere / La parrucchiera
La specialista in manicure
Il barbiere
Il/la barista
Il meccanico
Owner of a restaurant
Waiter
Waitress
Cook
Chef
Pastry Chef
Fisherman
Butcher
Baker
Jeweler
Shoemaker
Hairdresser (male / female)
Nail technician (lit. manicure specialist)
Barber
Bartender (coffee shop)( male / female)
Mechanic
115
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 11
Important Phrases – Making friends – Let’s get to know one another…
Scusa…
Excuse me… (familiar)
Non ci siamo gia visti prima?
Haven’t we seen (already met) each
other before?
Penso di conoscerti già.
I think that I’ve met you before.
Che cosa fai per il resto della tua vita?
What are you doing for the rest of your
life?
Hai degli occhi molto belli!
You have very beautiful eyes!
Tu hai il viso della Madonna.
You have a beautiful face.
(lit. the face of Mother Mary)
Practice – 12
È libero questo posto?
Is this seat free?
Ti dispiace se mi siedo qui?
Would you mind if I sit here?
Ti piace questo posto?
Do you like this place?
Ti stai divertendo?
Are you enjoying yourself?
Con chi sei?
Who are you with?
Sono da sola.
(I) am alone. (female speaker)
Sono da solo.
(I) am alone. (male speaker)
Sono con un’amica.
(I) am with a female friend.
Sono con un amico.
(I) am with a male friend.
Sto aspettando qualcuno.
(I) am waiting for someone.
116
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 13
Sei sposata? / Sei sposato?
Are you married? (to a female / male)
Sei nubile?
Are you single? (to a female)
Sei single?
Are you single? (to a female or male)
Sei divorziata? / Sei divorziato?
Are you divorced? (to a female / male )
Cosa prendi?
What are you having?
Posso offrirti qualcosa da bere?
May I offer you something to drink?
Vuoi qualcosa da bere?
Do you want something to drink?
Vuoi qualcosa da mangiare?
Do you want something to eat?
Vuoi fare una passeggiata?
Do you want to go for a walk?
Practice – 14
Important Phrases – Making friends – Asking the question…
Posso avere il tuo numero di telefono? May I have your telephone number?
Posso avere il tuo indrizzo email?
May I have your email address?
Hai tempo domani?
Do you have time tomorrow?
Posso rivederti domani?
May I see you again tomorrow?
Sei libera domani / domani sera?
Are you free (to a female) tomorrow /
tomorrow night?
Sei libero la settimana prossima?
Are you free (to a male) next week?
Vuoi andare al ristorante...
Do you want to go to a restaurant...
...per pranzo? / ...per cena?
...for lunch? / ...for dinner?
Posso invitarti a cena?
May I invite you to dinner? (familiar)
Posso invitarla a cena?
May I invite you to dinner? (polite)
117
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 15
Important Phrases – Making friends – Asking the question….
Ti piaccerebbe andare al cinema?
Would you like to go to the movies?
Ti piaccerebbe andare a ballare?
Would you like to go dancing?
Vuoi andare al concerto?
Do you want to go to the concert?
Vuoi andare allo spettacolo?
Do you want to go to the show?
(= performance)
Vuoi andare alla mostra?
Do you want to go to the show?
(= art exhibition)?
Vuoi andare al museo?
Do you want to go to the museum?
Ti piaccerebbe venire con noi?
Would you like to come with us?
Vuoi venire con noi in spiaggia / al
Do you want to come with us to the
mare?
beach / to the sea?
Vuoi venire con noi in montagna?
mountains?
Vuoi venire con noi in campagna?
countryside?
Practice – 16
Important Phrases – Making friends – And the answer is…. no (politely)
Mi dispiace, ma domani non posso.
I’m sorry, but tomorrow I cannot.
Mi dispiace, ma domani non va bene.
I’m sorry, but tomorrow is not good.
Ho molto lavoro da fare.
I have a lot of work to do.
Ho molto da fare.
I have a lot to do.
Sono occupata / occupato...
I am busy (female / male speaker)...
...domani / domani sera.
...tomorrow / tomorrow night.
Ho un altro...
I have another...
...impegno.
...commitment / obligation.
Ho un altro...
I have another...
...appuntamento.
...appointment / engagement.
Ho un ragazzo.
I have a boyfriend.
Ho una ragazza.
I have a girlfriend.
Ho un fidanzato.
I have a fiancé. (= I am engaged to or
in a serious relationship with a man.)
Ho una fidanzata.
I have a fiancée. (= I am engaged to or
in a serious relationhip with a woman.)
118
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 17
Important Phrases – Making friends – If you want to leave (politely)….
Non mi sento bene.
I don’t feel well.
Sono molto stanca / stanco.
I am very tired (female / male).
Ho un (gran) mal di testa.
I have a (big) headache.
Non sono sicura / sicuro
I am not sure (female / male speaker)
se posso…
if I can…
Chiamami più tardi / domani.
Call me later / tomorrow.
Devo proprio andare adesso.
I really have to go now.
Vorrei tornare a casa.
I want to go home.
Practice – 18
Important Phrases – Making friends – And the answer is…. no (not so politely)
Ho meglio da fare.
I have better things to do.
Lasciami in pace!
Leave me in peace!
Lasciami stare!
Leave me alone!
Vai, cammina!
Go, (take a) walk!
Vai via!
Go away!
Practice – 19
Important Phrases – Making friends / Dialogue for two
Scusa, non ci siamo gia visti prima?
Haven’t we seen each other before?
Penso di no.
I don’t think so.
Sono Pietro.
I am Peter.
Piacere. Sono Francesca.
It’s a pleasure. I am Frances.
Sei single?
Are you single?
Tu hai il viso della Madonna!
You are really beautiful!
Grazie. Si, sono single.
Thank you. Yes, I am single.
Vuoi qualcosa da bere?
Do you want something to drink?
Certo. Vino rosso, per favore.
Sure. Red wine, please.
Cameriere, mi può portare due bicchieri Waiter, could you bring me two glasses
di vino rosso, per favore?
of red wine, please?
Francesca, posso rivederti domani?
Frances, may I see you again
tomorrow?
No, mi dispiace. Ho un altro impegno.
No, I’m sorry. I have another
Chiamami la settimana prossima.
commitment. Call me next week.
119
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 20
Important Phrases – Making friends – And the answer is…. yes!
Penso di si.
I think so.
Si, sono libera / libero.
Yes, I am free (female / male speaker).
È stato molto gentile a invitarmi.
You (male) were very nice to invite me.
È stata molto gentile.
You (female) were very nice.
Che bell’idea!
What a wonderful idea!
Che bello!
How nice!
Mi piacerebbe molto.
I would like it very much.
Volentieri!
I’d love to! / Certainly! / Gladly!
Dove ci incontriamo?
Where should we meet?
Posso venire a prederla?
Can I come to pick you up (take you)?
Posso venire a prenderti?
(polite / familiar)
La vengo a prendere alle otto.
I will come to pick you up (take you) at
Vengo a prenderti alle otto.
8. (polite / familiar)
La chiamerò alle otto.
I will call for you at 8 (o’clock).
Ti chiamerò alle otto.
(polite / familiar)
Non vedo l’ora di vederti!
I can’t wait to see you! (familiar)
La ringrazio molto. / Ti ringrazio molto. Thank you very much. (polite / familiar).
Practice – 21
Important Phrases – Making friends / Dialogue for two
Laura, è libero questo posto?
Laura, is this place free?
Si, Pietro. Accomodati.
Yes, Peter. Make yourself comfortable.
Ti piace questo posto?
Do you like this place?
Si, mi piace un sacco.
Yes, I really like it a lot.
Vuoi qualcosa da mangiare?
Do you want something to eat?
Forse dopo.
Maybe later.
Conosco un bel ristorante all’angolo.
I know a great restaurant around the
corner.
Davvero?
Really?
Si. Hai tempo domani per cena?
Do you have time tomorrow for dinner?
No, domani non posso…
No, tomorrow I can’t…
Forse il prossimo fine settimana.
Maybe next weekend.
Ti vengo a prendere alle otto sabato.
I’ll pick you up Saturday at eight.
Va bene?
OK?
Si, va bene. Sabato alle otto.
Yes, that’s good. Saturday at eight.
120
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 22
Positive adjectives of personality and terms of endearment
Bravo(a)
Good / Upright / Talented
Felice
Happy
Allegro(a)
Cheerful
Gentile
Nice / Kind / Gentle
Onesto(a)
Honest
Sincero(a)
Sincere
Dolce
Sweet
Carina
Pretty / Cute
Piacevole
Agreeable
Simpatico(a)
Likeable / Friendly
Intelligente
Intelligent
Raffinato(a)
Refined / Upper Class
Saggio(a)
Wise
Diverso(a)
Different
Speciale
Special
Bello
Handsome
Bella
Beautiful
Cucciola mia
My little puppy
Stella mia
My star
Tesoro mio
My treasure
Practice - 23
Negative adjectives of personality
Cattivo(a)
Crudele
Sciocco(a)
Brutto(a)
Scortese
Stupido(a)
Pigro(a)
Pazzo(a)
Antipatico(a)
Bugiardo(a)
Falso(a)
Bad / Mean / Evil
Cruel
Silly
Ugly
Rude
Stupid
Lazy
Crazy
Disagreeable / Unpleasant / Nasty
Liar
Dishonest / Fake
121
Unit 2-City Life
Practice - 24
Grammar Note – Common suffixes of nouns and adjectives, -ino, -ina and -etta
Cara
Dear
Carina
Cute
Sorella
Sister
Sorellina
Little sister
Piccolo / Piccola
Small
Piccolino / Piccolina
Very small / Cute
Povero
Poor
Poverino / Poverina
Poor thing
Casa
House
Casetta
Small, cute house
Practice - 25
Grammar Note – Common suffixes of nouns and adjectives,-one
Cena
Dinner
Cenone di Capodanno
Big, important, New Year’s Eve dinner
Bacio
Kiss
Bacione
Big kiss
Naso
Nose
Nasone
Big nose
Pigro / Pigra
Lazy
Pigrone
Very lazy (couch potato)
Chiacchiere
Chatter / Small talk / Gossip
Chiacchierone
Big mouth / Long-winded / Gossiper
Practice - 26
Grammar Note – Common suffixes of nouns and adjectives, -accio and -accia
Ragazzo
Boy
Ragazzaccio
Bad, mischevious boy
Tempo
Weather
Tempaccio
Very bad weather
Parola
Word
Parolaccia
Curse word / Dirty word / Bad word
Giornata
The (entire) day
Giornataccia
Bad day
122
Unit 2-City Life
Practice - 27
Relative superlatives
Venezia è bellissima.
Venezia è la più bella città d’Italia.
Venezia è la città più bella d’Italia.
Venice is extremely beautiful.
Venice is the most beautiful city in Italy.
Venice is the most beautiful city in Italy.
Milano è grandissima.
Milano è la più grande città d’Italia.
Milano è la città più grande d’Italia.
Milan is extremely big.
Milan is the biggest city in Italy.
Milan is the biggest city in Italy.
Pietro è il più alto della famiglia.
Caterina è la meno alta della familglia.
Peter is the tallest in the family.
Kathy is the least tall (shortest) in the
family.
Practice - 28
Relative superlatives / Vocabulary – Adjectives of personality
Possessive adjectives with family members
Pietro è bravissimo.
Peter is extremely talented.
Pietro è il più bravo della mia familglia. Peter is the most talented of my family.
Maria è bellissima.
Maria è la più carina delle mie sorelle.
Mary is extremely beautiful.
Mary is the most beautiful of my sisters.
Michele è gentilissimo.
Michele è il più gentile dei miei cugini.
Michael is extremely nice.
Michael is the nicest of my cousins.
Francesca è dolcissima.
Francesca è la più dolce delle mie zie.
Frances is extremely sweet.
Frances is the sweetest of my aunts.
Salvatore è intelligentissimo.
Salvatore è il più intelligente dei miei
zii.
Salvatore is extremely intelligent.
Salvatore is the most intelligent of my
uncles.
123
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 29
Accendere
Aprire
Bere
Chiedere
Chiudere
Conoscere
Cuocere
Decidere
Dire
Dividere
Fare
Friggere
Includere
Leggere
Mettere
Morire
Muovere
Nascere
Offrire
Perdere
Permettere
Prendere
Ridere
Rispondere
Rompere
Salire
Scegliere
Scendere
Scoprire
Scrivere
Smettere
Sorridere
Spengere
Spingere
Succedere
Vedere
Vincere
Vivere
Irregular past participles
Acceso
Aperto
Bevuto
Chiesto
Chiuso
Conosciuto
Cotto
Deciso
Detto
Diviso
Fatto
Fritto
Incluso
Letto
Messo
Morto
Mosso
Nato
Offerto
Perso
Permesso
Preso
Riso
Risposto
Rotto
Salito
Scelto
Sceso
Scoperto
Scritto
Smesso
Sorriso
Spento
Spinto
Successo
Visto
Vinto
Vissuto
124
To turn on
To open
To drink
To ask
To close
To know
To cook
To decide
To tell / say
To divide
To make / do
To fry
To include
To read
To put / place
To die
To move
To be born
To offer
To lose / miss
To allow
To take / get
To laugh
To answer
To break
To go up
To choose
To go down/off
To find
To write
To stop
To smile
To turn off
To push
To happen
To see
To win
To live
Turned on
Opened
Drank
Asked
Closed
Known
Cooked
Decided
Told / Said
Divided
Made / Done
Fried
Included
Read
Put / Placed
Dead
Moved
Born
Offered
Lost / Missed
Allowed
Took / Got
Laughed
Answered
Broken
Went up
Chosen
Got down/off
Found
Written
Stopped
Smiled
Turned off
Pushed
Happened
Saw
Won
Lived
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 30
Fare – past tense (passato prossimo) –
avere + irregular past participle fatto
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno… fatto
Io ho fatto
I have done / I did
Tu hai fatto
You have done / You did
Lui ha fatto
He has done / He did
Noi abbiamo fatto
Voi avete fatto
Loro hanno fatto
We have done / We did
You all have done / You all did
They have done / They did
Ho fatto una bella torta.
Tu hai fatto un buon lavoro.
Lui ha fatto molte cose buone.
I have made a beautiful cake.
You have done a good job.
He has done many good things.
Practice – 31
Vedere – past tense (passato prossimo) –
avere + irregular past participle visto
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno… visto
Io ho visto
I have seen / I saw
Tu hai visto
You have seen / You saw
Lui ha visto
He has seen / He saw
Noi abbiamo visto
Voi avete visto
Loro hanno visto
We have seen / We saw
You all have seen / You all saw
They have seen / They saw
Io ho visto la sua casa.
Hai visto Michele?
Lei ha visto Roma in primavera.
I have seen his house.
Have you seen Michael?
She has seen Rome in the springtime.
125
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 32
Dire – past tense (passato prossimo) –
avere + irregular past participle detto
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno… detto
Io ho detto
I have said / I said
Tu hai detto
You have said / You said
Lui ha detto
He has said / He said
Noi abbiamo detto
Voi avete detto
Loro hanno detto.
We have said / We said
You all have said / You all said
They have have said / They said
Sii brava, ho detto!
Be good, I said! (familiar command)
Hai detto che questo negozio è buono? You said this store was good?
Ha detto che il ristorante non è
He said that the restaurant is not far.
lontano.
Practice – 33
Aprire –
irregular past participle aperto
Bere –
irregular past participle bevuto
Chiedere – irregular past participle chiesto
Chiudere – irregular past participle chiuso
Leggere – irregular past participle letto
Scrivere – irregular past participle scritto
Vincere – irregular past participle vinto
Io ho aperto la porta.
I opened the door.
Tu hai bevuto tutto il vino.
You drank all of the wine.
Lei ha chiesto il suo nome.
She asked for his name.
Lui ha chiuso la finestra.
He closed the window.
Noi abbiamo letto molti libri.
Voi avete scritto a mamma.
Loro hanno vinto il gioco.
126
We have read many books.
You all have written to mother.
They have won the game.
Unit 2-City Life
Chapter 12 – Phone Reservations
Practice – 1
Vocabulary – The telephone
Il telefono
Il telefono pubblico
Il telefonino / Il cellulare
La segreteria telefonica
Il messagio in segreteria
La casella vocale
Squillare
Uno squillo
Alza il telefono!
Metti giù il telefono!
Dare un colpo di telefono
La linea
Il segnale di libero
Il segnale di occupato
La linea è libera.
Resti in linea.
È caduta la linea.
Il numero di telefono
Il numero sbagliato
Il numero di fax
Il prefisso telefonico
Fare il prefisso
Fare una telefonata
Telefonare
Fare uno squillo
Fare il numero
Il number verde
Il / La centralista
Telephone
Public telephone
Cell phone
Answering machine
Message left on an answering machine
Voicemail
To ring (use for telephone and door
bell)
A telephone ring
Pick up the phone! (familiar command)
Hang up the phone! (familiar
command)
Give a call with the telephone
(lit. Give a hit of the telephone)
The (telephone) line
Dial tone
Busy signal
The (telephone) line is free.
Hold the (telephone) line. (polite
command)
The (telephone) line disconnected.
Telephone number
Wrong number
Fax number
Area code (for US telephone numbers)
and country code
To dial the area code / country code
To make a telephone call
To make a telephone call
To make a telephone call / To ring
To dial the number
Toll free number in Italy (lit. green line)
Operator
127
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 2
Important Phrases – Asking for a friend at their house and possible replies
Familiar Phrases
Pronto. Sono Caterina.
Hello. (lit. Ready.) I am Kathy.
Pronto. Sono io!
Hello. (lit. Ready.) It is I!
Posso parlare con Pietro?
May I speak with Peter?
Pietro è in casa?
Is Peter at home?
C’è Pietro?
Is Peter there?
Si, aspetta un momento.
Yes, wait a moment.
Si, aspetta un attimo.
Yes, wait a second. (familiar command)
No, non è in casa.
No, he is not at home.
No, non c’è.
No, he is not here.
Practice - 3
Important Phrases – Speaking to the telephone operator / making a business call
Polite Phrases
Pronto. Sono il signor Rossi.
Ready. I am Mr. Rossi.
Vorrei fare una telefonata collect.
I want to make a collect call.
Vorrei fare una telefonata interurbana. I would like to make a long distance call.
Vorrei parlare con la signora Manzini.
I would like to speak with Mrs. Manzini.
Mi passi il direttore, per piacere.
Put me through to the director, please.
(polite command)
Me lo può passare?
Could you put him through to me?
Practice - 4
Important Phrases – Answers the receiptionist may give
Polite phrases
Chi parla?
Who is speaking?
Chi chiama?
Who is calling?
Resti in linea, per favore.
Hold, please. (polite command)
Mi dispiace, ma…
I’m sorry, but…
Il direttore è occupato.
The director is busy.
Il direttore non c’è oggi.
The director is not in today.
Il direttore è (appena) uscito / uscita.
The director has (just) stepped out.
Il direttore è in riunione.
The director is attending a meeting.
Glielo / Gliela passo.
I’ll put him / her through to you. (polite)
128
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 5
Important Phrases – Asking for information over the phone
Quando torna?
When will (he /she) return?
Sa quando torna?
Do you (polite / familiar) know
Sai quando torna?
when (he / she) will return?
Può dirgli di chiamarmi?
Can you tell (to) him to call me? (polite)
Può dirgli che ho chiamato?
Can you tell (to) him that I called?
(polite)
Può prendere un messaggio?
Can you take a message?
Posso richiamare più tardi?
Can I call back later?
Richiamerò più tardi.
I will call back later.
Practice - 6
Important Phrases – Ending a familiar telephone conversation
Ci sentiamo più tardi.
We’ll talk to each other later.
(lit. We’ll hear each other later.)
Ci sentiamo presto.
We’ll talk to each other soon.
Devo scappare!
I have to run! (lit. I have to escape!)
Richiamami!
Call me back! (familiar command)
Chiamami!
Call me! (familiar command)
Fatti sentire!
Let me hear from you! (lit. Make
yourself heard!) (idiomatic expression)
Practice - 7
Important Phrases – What to say if you can’t hear or don’t understand
Non capisco bene.
I don’t understand well.
Può parlare più lentamente?
Could you speak more slowly? (polite)
Può ripetere? / Puoi ripetere?
Could you repeat? (polite / familiar)
Che vuole dire? / Che vuoi dire?
What do you mean to say?
(polite / familiar)
Che ha detto? / Che hai detto?
What did you say? (polite / familiar)
Che significa?
What (does that) mean?
Non ti sento molto bene.
I don’t hear you very well. (familiar)
Parla a voce più alta, per favore!
Speak a little louder, please! (fam. com.)
Mi senti ora?
(Can) you hear me now? (familiar)
Si, ti sento ora.
Yes, I hear you now. (familiar)
129
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 8
Important Phrases – Recording an outgoing message on the answering machine
La segreteria telefonica di Caterina
Kathy’s answering machine
La segreteria telefonica della familglia... The answering machine of the family...
Non posso rispondere al telefono ora.
I cannot answer the telephone now.
Non possiamo risondere al telefono
We cannot answer the telephone now.
ora.
Lascitate il vostro messaggio e
(You all) Leave your message and
il vostro nome, data, e l’ora della vostra your name, date, and the time of your
chiamata…
call…
…e il vostro numero di telefono
…and your telephone number
…dopo il segnale acustico.
…after the “beep.”
Vi richiamerò / Vi richiameremo presto. I / We will call you all back soon.
Practice - 9
Important Phrases – How to leave a message
Sono la signora Manzini.
I am Mrs. Manzini.
Sono Caterina.
I am Kathy.
Vorrei parlare di…
I would like to talk about…
Possiamo parlare di…
Can we talk about…
Oggi è domenica, il primo agosto, alle Today is Sunday, (the) August first, at 9
nove di sera.
in the evening.
Oggi è lunedì, tre agosto, alle dieci.
Today is Monday, August third, at 10.
Il mio numero di telefono è…
My telephone number is…
Practice - 10
Important Phrases – Instant messaging
Il messaggio
L’SMS
Il MMS
Mandare un messaggio
Spedire un messaggio
Inviare un’email (=una posta
elettronica).
La mia amica mi ha mandato un SMS.
130
Message
Text message / Instant message
Multimedia message
To send a text or instant message
(= to message someone)
To send an email.
My friend sent a text to me.
My friend texted me.
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 11
Andare – past tense (passato prossimo) –
essere + regular “are” past participle andato(a)(i,e)
sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono… andato(a)(i,e)
Arrivare –
past tense (passato prossimo) – è arrivato
Cominciare – past tense (passato prossimo) – è cominciato
Iniziare –
past tense (passato prossimo) – è iniziato
Io sono andato. / Io sono andata.
I have gone. / I went. (male / female)
Tu sei andato. / Tu sei andata.
You have gone. / You went.
Lui è andato.
He has gone. / He went.
Lei è andata.
She has gone. / She went.
Noi siamo andati. / Noi siamo andate.
Voi siete andati. / Voi siete andate.
Loro sono andati. / Loro sono andate.
We have gone. / We went.
You all have gone. / You all went.
They have gone. / They went.
A che ora è arrivato l’aereo?
A che ora è cominciato il viaggio?
A che ora è iniziato il film?
At what time did the airplance arrive?
At what time did the trip start?
At what time did the movie start?
Practice – 12
Cadere – past tense (passato prossimo) –
essere + regular “ere” past participle caduto(a)(i,e)
sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono… caduto(a)(i,e)
Io sono caduto. / Io sono caduta.
I have fallen. / I fell. (male / female)
Tu sei caduto. / Tu sei caduta.
You have fallen. / You fell.
Lui è caduto.
He has fallen. / He fell.
Lei è caduta.
She has fallen. / She fell.
Noi siamo caduti. / Noi siamo cadute.
Voi siete caduti. / Voi siete cadute.
Loro sono caduti. / Loro sono cadute.
We have fallen. / We fell.
You all have fallen. / You all fell.
They have fallen. / They fell.
131
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 13
Partire – past tense (passato prossimo) –
essere + regular “ire” past participle partito(a)(i,e)
sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono… partito(a)(i,e)
Io sono partito. / Io sono partita.
I have left. / I left. (male / female)
Tu sei partito. / Tu sei partita.
You have left. / You left.
Lui è partito.
He has left. / He left.
Lei è partita.
She has left. / She left.
A che ora è partito il treno?
What time did the train leave?
Noi siamo partiti. / Noi siamo partite.
Voi siete partiti. / Voi siete partite.
Loro sono partiti. / Loro sono partite.
We have left. / We left.
You all have left. / You all left.
They have left. / They left.
Practice – 14
Finire – past tense (passato prossimo) intransitive form (without direct object) –
essere + regular “ire” past participle finito (a)(i,e)
sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono… finito(a)(i,e)
Finire – past tense (passato prossimo) transitive form (with direct object) –
avere + regular “ire” past participle finito + direct object
Io ho finito il libro.
I have finished / I finished the book.
Tu hai finito il giornale.
You have finished / You finished the
newspaper.
Lui ha finito di lavorare.
He has finished / He finished working.
Lei ha finito i compiti.
She has finished / She finished the
homework.
Noi abbiamo finito la cena.
Voi avete finito gli spaghetti.
Loro hanno finito di fare spese.
Il film è finito.
L’esame è finito.
La vacanza è finita.
132
We have finished / We finished dinner.
You all have finished / You all finished
the spaghetti.
They have finished / They finished
shopping.
The film is finished / is over.
The exam is finished / is over.
The vacation is finished / is over.
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 15
Salire/Scendere – past tense (passato prossimo) intransitive form
(without direct object) –
essere + regular “ire” past participle salito(a)(i,e)
essere + irregular “ire” past participle sceso(a)(i,e)
Salire/Scendere – past tense (passato prossimo) intransitive form
(with prepositional phrases) –
essere + past participle + prepositional phrase (in, sul, dal)
Salire/Scendere – past tense (passato prossimo) transitive form (direct object) –
avere + regular “ire” past participle salito + direct object
avere + irregular “ire” past participle sceso + direct object
Io sono salito(a). / Io sono sceso(a).
I have gone up. / I have come down.
Tu sei salito(a). / Tu sei sceso(a).
You have gone up. / You have come
down.
Lui è salito. / Lui è sceso.
He has gone up. / He has come down.
Lei è salita. / Lei è scesa.
She has gone up. / She has come
down.
Noi siamo saliti(e). / Noi siamo scesi(e).
Voi siete saliti(e). / Voi siete scesi(e).
Loro sono salti(e). / Loro sono scesi(e).
We have gone up. / We have come
down.
You all have gone up. / You all have
come down.
They have gone up. / They have come
down.
Io sono salito in macchina.
Io sono sceso dalla macchina.
I got in the car.
I got out of the car.
Tu sei salito sul treno.
Tu sei sceso dal treno.
You boarded the train.
You got off the train.
Lei è salita sull’autobus.
Lei è scesa dall’autobus.
She got on the bus.
She got off the bus.
Lui ha salito le scale.
Lui ha sceso le scale.
He walked up the stairs.
He walked down the stairs.
133
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 16
Divertirsi – reflexive past tense (passato prossimo) –
reflexive pronoun + essere + regular “ire” past participle divertito
mi sono, ti sei, si è… divertito(a)
ci siamo, vi siete, si sono... divertiti(e)
(Io) Mi sono divertito.
I have enjoyed myself. / I enjoyed
(Io) Mi sono divertita.
myself. (male / female)
(Tu) Ti sei divertito.
You have enjoyed yourself. / You
(Tu) Ti sei divertita.
enjoyed yourself.
(Lui) Si è divertito.
He has enjoyed himself. / He enjoyed
himself.
(Lei) Si è divertita.
She has enjoyed herself. / She enjoyed
herself.
(Noi) Ci siamo divertiti.
(Noi) Ci siamo divertite.
(Voi) Vi siete divertiti.
(Voi) Vi siete divertite.
(Loro) Si sono divertiti.
(Loro) Si sono divertite.
We have enjoyed ourselves. / We
enjoyed ourselves.
You all have enjoyed yourselves. / You
all enjoyed yourselves.
They have enjoyed themselves. / They
enjoyed themselves.
Practice - 17
Cognates: – zione in Italian for –tion in English
Applicazione
Application (technical)
Domanda di lavoro
Job application (form)
Attenzione
Attention
Informazione
Information
Nazione
Nation
Prenotazione
Reservation
Situazione
Situation
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Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 18
Past tense (passato prossimo) / Telling the story of a married couple’s life
Prepositions: in / vengo dal, dalla, dall’ – countries, regions/states, large islands
Prepositions: a / vengo da – for cities, towns, small islands
Prepositions: di always follows essere directly; otherwise use a / venire + da
Telling the story of a family – Husband’s version
Io sono nato in America, a New York
I was born in America, in New York City.
City.
Io sono cresciuto a Long Island, una
I grew up on Long Island, a small island
piccola isola vicino a Manhattan.
near Manhattan (Island).
Quindi, io sono di New York City, ma
Therefore, I am from New Yok City, but
vengo anche da Long Island.
also come from Long Island.
I miei genitori vengono dalla Sicilia;
My parents come from Sicily; they left
sono andati via nel 1952, dopo la
(went away) in 1952, after the war,
guerra, e sono venuti in America.
and came to America.
Io ho cominciato a parlare l’italiano
I started to speak Italian when I was a
quando ero un bimbo.
baby.
Ho imparato l’inglese a scuola.
I learned English at school.
Da grande, sono andato a Boston per
When older, I went to Boston to study
studiare medicina.
medicine.
E poi, sono andato in Florida per tre
And then, I went to (the state of)
anni per lavorare.
Florida for three years for work.
Telling the story of a family – Wife’s version
Io sono nata in America, a Chicago.
I was born in America, in Chicago.
Io sono cresciuta a Peoria, un piccolo
I grew up in Peoria, a small town near
paese vicino a Chicago.
Chicago.
Quindi, io sono di Chicago, ma vengo
Therefore, I am from Chicago, but also
anche da Peoria.
come from Peoria.
Io ho comminciato la scuola di
I started medical school in Chicago, but
medicina a Chicago, ma poi sono
then went to Boston.
andata a Boston.
A Boston, ho incontrato mio marito.
In Boston, I met my husband.
Ci siamo sposati a New York.
We were married in New York.
E poi, siamo andati in Florida.
And then, we went to Florida.
Ora abbiamo due bei figli e siamo tutti Now, we have two beautiful children,
molto contenti.
and we are all very happy.
135
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 19
Important Phrases – Making, checking, and changing a reservation
Present and past tense (passato prossimo) – fare, prenotare, annullare,
cambiare, controllare, confermare, riservare, ordinare
Vorrei fare una prenotazione.
I would like to make a reservation.
Ho fatto una prenotazione.
I have made a reservation.
Ho prenotato.
I have made a reservation.
Ho bisogno di annullare una
I need to cancel a reservation.
prenotazione.
Ho annullato la mia prenotazione.
I have cancelled my reservation.
Vorrei cambiare una prenotazione.
I would like to change a reservation.
Ho cambiato la mia prenotazione.
I have changed my reservation.
Vorrei controllare la mia prenotazione.
I would like to check my reservation.
Ho controllato la mia prenotazione.
I have checked my reservation.
Vorrei confermare la mia prenotazione. I would like to confirm my reservation.
Ho confermato la mia prenotazione.
I have confirmed my reservation.
L’albergo è riservato.
The hotel is reserved.
La camera è riservata.
The room is reserved.
Vorrei ordinare la prima colazione.
I would like to order breakfast.
Practice - 20
Comparatives of equality – (cosi) come / (tanto) quanto / tanto(i)(a, e)
before a noun
Miano è cosi bella come Roma.
Milan is as beautiful as Rome.
Milano è bella come Roma.
Milan is beautiful, as is Rome.
La mia macchina va tanto bene quanto My car runs as well as your Ferrari.
la tua Ferrari.
La mia macchina va bene quanto la
My car runs well, as (does) your Ferrari.
tua Ferrari.
Caterina ha tanti amici quanto Pietro.
Kathy has as many friends as Peter.
Pietro ha tanti parenti quanto
Peter has as many relatives as Kathy.
Caterina.
136
Unit 2-City Life
Practice - 21
Comparitives – più, il più, - issimo
Comparatives of superiority and inferiority – più… che / meno… che
with same subject
La casa è bella.
The house is nice.
La casa è molto bella.
The house is very nice.
La casa è bellissima!
The house is extremely nice!
La casa è la più bella!
The house is the nicest!
La casa è più grande che bella.
The house is more large than (it is)
beautiful.
Caterina è più intelligente che bella.
Kathy is more intelligent than (she is)
pretty.
Pietro è più bello che simpatico.
Peter is more handsome than (he is)
nice.
Caterina ha meno amici che parenti.
Kathy has less friends than (she has)
relatives.
Caterina ha meno sorelle che fratelli.
Kathy has less sisters than (she has)
brothers.
La casa è meno bella che larga.
The house is less beautiful than (it is)
large.
Practice - 22
Comparatives of superiority and inferiority – più… di / meno… di
for different subjects
La casa di Pietro è più grande della
Peter’s house is larger than Kathy’s
casa di Caterina.
house.
Pietro ha più soldi di Caterina.
Peter has more money than Kathy.
Questo vestitio è più elegante del tuo This dress is more elegant than your
vestito.
dress.
La casa di Caterina è meno grande
Kathy’s house is smaller than Peter’s
della casa di Pietro.
house.
Caterina ha meno soldi di Pietro.
Kathy has less money than Peter.
Il tuo vestito è meno elegante di
Your dress is less elegant than this dress.
questo vestito.
137
Unit 2-City Life
Practice - 23
Irregular comparative and superlative forms – adjectives buono and cattivo
Buono
Good
Migliore
Better
Il migliore
The best
Pietro è un buono studente, ma
Peter is a good student, but Kathy is
Caterina è migliore.
better.
Francesca è la migliore studentessa.
Frances is the best student.
Cattivo
Bad
Peggiore
Worse
Il peggiore
The worst
Oggi il tempo è cattivo, ma domani
Today the weather is bad, but tomorrow
sarà peggiore.
it will be worse.
L’anno duemilasei è stato il peggiore.
The year 2006 was the worst.
Practice - 24
Irregular comparative and superlative forms – adjectives grande and piccolo
Grande
Big
Maggiore
Older
Il Maggiore
The biggest or the oldest
Il mio telefonino è più grande del tuo
My cell phone is bigger than your cell
telefonino.
phone.
Il mio telefonino è il più grande.
My cell phone is the biggest.
Caterina è la sorella maggiore di
Kathy is the older sister of Susan.
Susanna.
Caterina è la maggiore.
Kathy is the oldest.
Piccolo
Small
Minore
Younger
Il minore
The smallest or youngest
Il tuo telefonino è più piccolo di
Your cell phone is smaller than this cell
questo telefonino.
phone.
Il tuo telefonino è il più piccolo
Your cell phone is the smallest.
Susanna è la sorella minore di
Susan is the younger sister of Kathy.
Caterina.
138
Unit 2-City Life
Practice - 25
Irregular comparative and superlative forms – adverbs bene and male
Bene
Well
Meglio
Better
Il migliore
The best
Caterina parla italiano bene.
Kathy speaks Italian well.
Francesca parla italiano meglio di
Frances speaks Italian better than Kathy.
Caterina.
Francesca parla il migliore italiano.
Frances speaks the best Italian.
Male
Badly
Peggio
Worse
Il peggiore
The worst
Michele parla inglese male.
Michael speaks English badly.
Michele parla inglese peggio di
Michael speaks English worse than
Caterina.
Kathy.
Michele parla il peggiore inglese.
Michael speaks the worst English.
Practice - 26
Irregular comparative and superlative forms – adverbs molto and poco
Use of the superlative with adjectives
Molto
Very
Più
More
Il più… bello, bravo, felice, intelligente, The most…beautiful, good/talented,
ricco…
intelligent, rich…
Pietro è molto ricco.
Peter is very rich.
Pietro è più ricco di Caterina.
Peter is richer than Kathy.
Pietro è l’uomo più felice del suo
Peter is the happiest man in his town.
paese.
Poco
A little
Meno
Less
Il meno… bello, bravo, felice,
The least…beautiful, good/talented,
intelligente, ricco…
intelligent, rich…
Caterina è poco ricca.
Kathy is a little rich.
Caterina è meno ricca di Pietro.
Kathy is less rich than Peter.
Caterina è la donna meno felice del
Kathy is the least happy woman in her
suo paese.
town.
139
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 27
Avere – past tense (passato prossimo) –
avere + regular “are” past participle avuto
ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno... avuto
Io ho avuto
I have had / I had
Tu hai avuto
You have had / You had
Lui ha avuto
He has had / He has
Lei ha avuto
She has had / She has
Noi abbiamo avuto
Voi avete avuto
Loro hanno avuto.
We have had / We had
You all have had / You all had
They have had / They had
Io ho avuto una bella giornata.
Tu hai avuto buona fortuna.
Lui ha avuto un problema.
Lei ha avuto una bella esperienza.
I have had / I had a good day.
You have had / You had good luck.
He has had / He had a problem.
She has had / She had a nice
experience.
Noi abbiamo avuto una bella giornata.
Voi avete avuto tante cose da fare.
We have had / We had a nice day.
You all have had / You all had many
things to do.
They have had / They had good luck.
Loro hanno avuto buona fortuna.
Practice – 28
Avere – past tense (passato prossimo) – ha avuto
Singular and double negative with the passato prossimo
Caterina ha avuto molte cose da fare
Kathy has had many things to do this
stamattina.
morning.
Caterina non ha avuto molte cose da
Kathy has not had many things to do
fare stamattina.
this morning.
Caterina non ha mai avuto niente da
Kathy never had anything to do in the
fare la mattina.
mornings.
140
Unit 2-City Life
Practice – 29
Essere – past tense (passato prossimo) –
essere + irregular past participle stato(a)(i,e)
sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono… stato(a)(i,e)
Io sono stato / Io sono stata
I have been / I was (male / female)
Tu sei stato / Tu sei stata
You have been / You were
Lui è stato
He has been / He was
Lei è stata
She has been / She was
Noi siamo stati / Noi siamo state
Voi siete stati / Voi siete state
Loro sono stati / Loro sono state
We have been / We were
You all have been / You all were
They have been / They all were
Practice – 30
Essere – past tense (passato prossimo) – è stato
Singular and double negative with the passato prossimo / contento di…
Pietro è stato contento del suo lavoro.
Peter has been /was happy with his job.
Pietro non è stato contento del suo
Peter has not been / was not
lavoro.
happy with his job.
Pietro non è stato mai contento del suo Peter has not ever been / was not ever
lavoro.
happy with his job.
Practice - 31
Idiomatic expressions with dovere
Il senso del dovere
La dedizione al dovere
A chi di dovere…
Mi sento in dovere di…
Faccio il mio dovere.
Fai il tuo dovere.
Ho dovuto fare…
Ho dovuto fare molti servizi.
Ho dovuto fare dei servizi.
The sense of duty
The dedication to duty
To whom it concerns…
To whom is responsible...
I feel obliged to …
I do my duty.
You do your duty.
I had to do…
I had to do a lot of errands.
I had to do some errands.
141
Unit 3-At the Hotel and Restaurant
Chapter 13 – Arriving at the Hotel
Practice - 1
More adjectives of qunatity – ogni and tutto (tutta/tutti/tutte)
Ogni
Each and every (invariable adjective)
Ogni settimana
Ogni mese
Ogni anno
Tutto / Tutta
Tutto il giorno
Tutta la domenica
Tutto è buono!
Tutti / Tutte
Tutti i ragazzi
Tutte le ragazze
Tutti noi
Buon giorno a tutti!
Buon giorno a tutte!
Every week
Every month
Every year
The whole or entire thing (adjective
changes with gender and number)
Everything (indefinite pronoun)
The whole day
The entire Sunday
Everything is good!
All or every (adjective changes with
gender and number)
Everybody (indefinite pronoun)
All the boys
All the girls
All of us
Hello to everybody! (= group of boys or
group of boys and girls)
Hello to everybody! (= group of girls)
Practice - 2
Expressions of past time – stamattina, ieri, scorso (scorsa/scorsi/scorse)
Stamattina
This morning
Ieri
Yesterday
L’altro ieri
The day before yesterday
Ieri mattina
Yesterday morning
Ieri pomeriggio
Yesterday afternoon
Ieri sera
Yesterday evening
Scorso
Last
L’anno scorso
Last year
Il mese scorso
Last month
La settimana scorsa
Last week
La notte scorsa
Last night
143
Practice – 3
Abitare – past tense (imperfetto) – regular “are” verb
abitavo, abitavi, abitava, abitavamo, abitavate, abitavano
Use of in via to mean “on a street”
Io abitavo a Roma.
I used to live in Rome.
I was living in Rome.
Tu abitavi in via Verde.
You used to live on Green Street.
You were living on Green Street.
Lui abitava in una casa grande.
He used to live in a large house.
He was living in a large house.
Noi abitavamo a Firenze.
Voi abitavate in via Colombo.
Loro abitavano in piccoli appartamenti.
We used to live in Florence.
We were living in Florence.
You all used to live on Colombus
Street.
You all were living on Columbus Street.
They used to live in small apartments.
They were living in small apartments.
Practice – 4
Vedere – past tense (imperfetto) – regular “ere” verb
vedevo, vedevi, vedeve, vedevamo, vedevate, vedevano
Io vedevo
I used to see / I was seeing
Tu vedevi
You used to see / You were seeing
Lui vedeva
He used to see / He was seeing
Noi vedevamo
Voi vedevate
Loro vedevano
144
We used to see / We were seeing
You all used to see / You all were seeing
They used to see / They were seeing
Practice – 5
Finire – past tense (imperfetto) – regular “ire” verb
finivo, finivi, finiva, finivamo, finivate, finivano
Finire + di + infinitive verb
Io finivo all’una ogni lunedì.
I used to finish at 1 o’clock every
Monday. / I was finishing...
Tu finivi alle cinque ogni giorno.
You used to finish at 5 o’clock every
day. / You were finishing...
Lei finiva alle otto ogni sera.
She used to finish at 8 o’clock every
night. / She was finishing...
Noi finivamo la scuola a mezzogiorno
per le feste.
Voi finivate di lavorare ogni agosto.
Loro finivano di cenare alle otto.
We used to finish school at noon for
the holidays. / We were finishing at
noon...
You all used to finish work every
August. / You all were finishing work...
They used to finish eating dinner at 8
o’clock. / They were finishing...
Practice - 6
Pensare, Credere – present tense – penso, credo
Essere – present tense (subjunctive) – sia, sia, sia
Pensare, Credere – past tense (imperfetto) – pensavo, credevo
Essere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) – fossi, fossi, fosse
Penso che lui sia il ragazzo più
I think that he is the luckiest boy in the
fortunato del mondo.
world.
Pensavo che lui fosse il ragazzo più
I thought that he was the luckiest boy in
fortunato del mondo.
the world.
Penso che lei sia la ragazza più felice
I think that she is the happiest girl in the
del mondo.
world.
Pensavo che lei fosse la ragazza più
I thought that she was the happiest girl
felice del mondo.
in the world.
Credo che tu sia il migliore ragazzo in I believe that you are the best boy in the
classe.
class.
Credevo che tu fossi il migliore
I believed that you were the best boy for
ragazzo per quel lavoro.
that job.
145
Practice – 7
Sentirsi – reflexive past tense (imperfetto) –
mi sentivo, ti sentivi, si sentiva
ci sentivamo, vi sentivate, si sentivano
(Io) Mi sentivo male.
I felt badly. / I felt sick. / I was sick.
(Tu) Ti sentivi male?
Did you feel badly? / Did you feel sick?
(Lei) Si sentiva male.
She felt badly. / She felt sick.
(Noi) Ci sentivamo male.
(Voi) Vi sentivate male.
(Loro) Si sentivano male.
We felt badly. / We felt sick.
You all felt badly. / You all felt sick.
They felt badly. / They felt sick.
Practice - 8
Adverbs of frequency – qualche volta, di solito, spesso, quasi sempre, sempre
Andare – past tense (imperfetto) – andavo
Finire – past tense (imperfetto) – finivo, finivi, finiva
Sentirsi – reflexive past tense (imperfetto) – mi sentivo, ti sentivi
Qualche volta
Sometimes
Qualche volta io finivo all’una il lunedì. Sometimes I used to finish at 1 o’clock
on Mondays.
Di solito
Usually / Often times
Di solito tu finivi alle cinque.
You usually finished at 5 o’clock.
Spesso
Often
Spesso mi sentivo male durante
I often used to feel sick during the
l’inverno.
winter.
Molto spesso
Very often
Molto spesso andavo a casa di mia
Very often, I used to go to my
nonna d’estate.
grandmother’s house in summertime.
Quasi sempre
Almost always
Mi sentivo quasi sempre male quando I almost always felt sick when I used to
viaggiavo in barca.
travel by boat.
Sempre
Always
Lei finiva sempre i suoi compiti.
She always used to finish her homework.
146
Practice – 9
Vocabulary – Italian holidays and holiday greetings through the year
Buone feste!
Happy Holidays! (especially for the
Christmas season)
Auguri di buon….
Best wishes for a good…
L’ultimo dell’anno
New Year’s Eve
Notte di San Silvestro
Feast day of Saint Silvestro, on Dec 31
Capodanno
New Year’s Day
Buon capodanno!
Happy New Year’s Day!
Felice anno nuovo!
Happy New Year!
Auguri di buon anno nuovo!
Best wishes for a happy new year!
Carnevale
Carnival – celebrated prior to Lent,
especially in Venice (Mardi Gras in US)
Festa della Donna
Woman’s Day – dates back to the
Romans (Valentine’s Day in US)
Festa di San Giuseppe
Celebration of all fathers on the Feast
of Saint Joseph (Jesus’ father)
Auguri, papa!
Best wishes, Dad!
Pesce d’aprile
April Fool’s Day – dates back to the
Romans and refers to a traditional
prank involving fish
Pasqua
Easter
Buona Pasqua!
Have a good Easter
Festa della mama
Mother’s Day
Auguri, mamma!
Best wishes, Mom!
Ferragosto
August 15, Assumption Day for Mary,
mother of Jesus and a workers’ holiday
in the weeks before and after; dates
back to the Romans
Buon Ferragosto!
Have a good Ferragosto!
Tutti i santi
All Saints Day (Halloween in the US)
Vigilia di Natale
Christmas Eve
Natale
Christmas
Buon Natale!
Merry Christmas!
Tanti auguri di Natale!
Christmas greetings!
147
Practice – 10
Dire – past tense (imperfetto) ( irreg. stem) –
dicevo, dicevi, diceva, dicevamo, dicevate, dicevano
Io dicevo
I used to say / I was saying
Tu dicevi
You used to say / You were saying
Lui diceva
He used to say / He was saying
Noi dicevamo
Voi dicevate
Loro dicevano
We used to say / We were saying
You all used to say
You all were saying
They used to say / They were saying
Practice – 11
Fare – past tense (imperfetto) (irreg. stem) –
facevo, facevi, faceva, facevamo, facevate, facevano
Io facevo
I used to do / I was doing
Tu facevi
You used to do / You were doing
Lui faceva
He used to do / He was doing
Noi facevamo
Voi facevate
Loro facevano
We used to do / We were doing
You all used to do / You all were doing
They used to do / They were doing
Practice – 12
Bere – past tense (imperfetto) (irreg. stem) –
bevevo, bevevi, beveva, bevevano, bevevate, bevevano
Io bevevo
I used to drink / I was drinking
Tu bevevi
You used to drink / You were drinking
Lui beveva
He used to drink / He was drinking
Noi bevevamo
Voi bevevate
Loro bevevano
148
We used to drink / We were drinking
You all used to drink
You all were drinking
They used to drink / They were drinking
Practice – 13
Essere – past tense irreg. (imperfetto) –
ero, eri, era, eravamo, eravate, erano
Io ero
I was / I used to be
Tu eri
You were / You used to be
Lei era
She was / She used to be
Lui era
He was / He used to be
Noi eravamo
Voi eravate
Loro erano
We were / We used to be
You all were / You all used to be
They were / They used to be
Practice – 14
Avere – past tense (imperfetto) – regular “are” verb
avevo, avevi, aveva, avevamo, avevate, avevano
Io avevo
I had / I used to have
Tu avevi
You had / You used to have
Lei aveva
She had / She used to have
Lui aveva
He had / He used to have
Noi avevamo
Voi avevate
Loro avevano
We had / We used to have
You all had / You all used to have
They had / They all used to have
149
Practice – 15
Avere –past tense (imperfetto) – avevo, avevi, aveva
Expressions that use avere – past tense
Io avevo fame.
I was hungry. / I used to be hungry.
(lit. I had / used to have hunger.)
Tu avevi sete.
You were thirsty. / You used to be
thirsty.
Lui aveva freddo.
He was cold. / He used to be cold.
Era gennaio.
It was January.
Lei aveva caldo.
She was hot. / She used to be hot.
Era agosto.
It was August.
Io avevo sonno.
Tu avevi ragione.
Lui aveva fretta.
Lei aveva bisogno di un letto.
I was sleepy. / I used to be sleepy.
You were right (correct). / You used to
be right (correct).
He was in a hurry. / He used to be in a
hurry.
She needed a bed. / She used to need
a bed. / (lit. She had need of a bed.)
Practice – 16
Avere – present irreg. / past tense (imperfetto) for states of being – ha, aveva
Essere – present irreg. / past tense irreg. (imperfetto) for states of being – è, era
Pietro ha una macchina rossa.
Peter has a red car.
Peitro aveva una macchina rossa.
Peter had a red car.
Peter used to have a red car.
Caterina ha fame.
Kathy is hungry. (lit. Kathy has hunger.)
Caterina aveva fame.
Kathy was hungry.
Kathy used to be hungry.
(lit. Kathy had hunger.)
La casa di Pietro è bella.
Peter’s house is beautiful.
La casa di Pietro era bella.
Peter’s house was beautiful.
Peter’s house used to be beautiful.
Caterina è bella.
Kathy is beautiful.
Caterina era bella.
Kathy was beautiful.
Kathy used to be beautiful.
150
Practice – 17
Idiomatic expressions, fa and expressions of past time
Quanto tempo fa?
How long ago?
Tempo fa
Awhile ago
Poco tempo fa
A short time ago
Poco tempo fa, vivevo a Roma.
A short time ago, I used to live in
Rome.
Un po’di tempo fa
A little while ago
Un po’ di tempo fa, sono andato a
A little while ago, I went to Venice for
Venezia per il Carnevale.
Carnival.
Qualche tempo fa
Some time ago
Qualche tempo fa, abitavo con mia
Some time ago, I used to live with my
nonna.
grandmother.
Molto tempo fa
A long time ago
Molto tempo fa, mio nonno e mia
A long time ago, my grandfather and
nonna sono venuti in America.
grandmother came to America.
Di tanto in tanto
From time to time
Di tanto in tanto, mi piace andare al
From time to time, I like to go to the
cinema.
movies.
Alcuni minuti fa
Poc’anzi
Poc’anzi, mia madre ha telefonato.
Vent’anni fa
Vent’anni fa, vivevo in una casa piccola.
Un anno fa
Un anno fa, ho comprato una casa
grande.
Due giorni fa
Due giorni fa, era l’ultimo dell’anno.
Un giorno fa
Un giorno fa era Capodanno.
Some minutes ago
A moment ago
A moment ago, my mother called.
Twenty years ago
Twenty years ago, I used to live in a
small house.
One year ago
One year ago, I bought a large house.
Two days ago
Two days ago, it was New Year’s Eve.
One day ago
One day ago it was New Year’s Day.
151
Practice – 18
Past Tense (passato prossimo) vs. Past Tense (imperfetto)
Stamattina ho telefonato a mia
This morning I called my mother.
mamma.
(Use passato prossimo for a past
action that took place once.)
Telefonavo a mia mamma ogni mattina. I used to call my mother every day.
(Use imperfetto for a past action that
was habitual and happened more than
once, for an indefinite number of
times.)
Sono andata dal medico per tre giorni
di fila.
Andavo dal medico raramente quando
ero giovane.
Lunedì scorso, sono andata a scuola.
Da giovane, andavo volentieri a scuola.
152
I went to the doctor for three
consecutive days.
action that was performed a specific
number of times.)
I used to go to the doctor rarely when I
was young.
(Use imperfetto for actions that took
place over an extended period of time.)
Last Monday, I went to school.
action that was performed within a
definite time period.)
When I was young, I used to go to
school gladly.
(Use imperfetto for an indefinite time
period without a specific beginning and
ending given.)
Practice – 19
Vocabulary – At the hotel
Il viaggiatore
La viaggiatrice
L’albergo
La pensione
Pensione completa
L’ostello della gioventù
La reception
Il/la receptionist
Il facchino
Il portiere / Il portinaio
Il concierge
Servizio di portineria
Il parcheggiatore
Servizio in camera
La cameriera
Traveler (male)
Traveler (female)
Hotel
Boarding House / Bed and Breakfast
Room and board
(includes three meals a day)
Youth Hostel
Reception / Front Desk
Receptionist
Porter
Doorman
Concierge
Conceirge services
Parking attendant
Room Service
Maid / Waitress
Practice – 20
Vocabulary – In the hotel room
La televisione / La TV
TV via cavo
TV via satellite
Il canale
Il telecomando
La pila / la batteria
La chiave
La chiave magnetica
La serratura
Il lettore DVD
Il lavandino
Il rubinetto
L’acqua calda / L’acqua fredda
Il gabinetto
L’aria condizionata
Television / TV
Cable TV
Satellite TV
TV channel
Remote control
Battery
Key
Key card
Lock
DVD player
Bathroom sink
Faucet
Hot water / Cold water
Toliet bowl
Air conditioning
153
Practice - 21
Numbers – Telling time in the past tense (imperfetto) –
“Che ora era?” “Che ore erano?” questions and answers
Numbers – 1 – 12
Che ora era?
What time was it?
(lit. What hour was it?)
Era l’una.
(It) was one (o’clock).
Che ore erano?
What time was it?
(lit. What hours were they?)
Erano le due.
It was 2 (o’clock).
(lit. (The hours) were two.)
Erano le tre.
Erano le quattro.
Erano le cinque.
Erano le sei.
Erano le sette.
Erano le otto.
Erano le nove.
Erano le dieci.
Erano le undici.
Erano le dodici.
Practice - 22
Numbers – Telling time – Special expressions in the past tense (imperfetto)
Mezzanotte
Midnight
Era mezzanotte.
(It) was midnight.
Mezzogiorno
Noon
Era mezzogiorno.
(It) was noon.
Un quarto
A quarter (15 minutes)
Mezzo / Mezza
A half (30 minutes)
Tre quarti
Three quarters (45 minutes)
Era di mattina.
It was in the morning.
Era di pomeriggio.
It was in the afternoon.
Era di sera.
It was in the evening.
Era di notte.
It was at night.
154
Practice - 23
Numbers – Telling time – Special expressions with singular/plural hours
in the past tense (imperfetto)
Writing the time in Italian in the past tense (imperfetto)
24 hour clock
Era l’una.
(It) was one (o’clock).
Era l’una e un quarto.
(It) was a quarter past one.
(1,15)
(1:15 AM)
Era l’una e mezza.
(It) was half past one.
(1,30)
(1:30 AM)
Era l’una e tre quarti.
(It) was three quarters past one.
(1,45)
(1:45 AM)
Erano le tredici.
(They) were 13.
Erano le tredici e quindici. (They) were 13 and 15.
Erano le tredici e trenta.
(They) were 13 and 30.
Erano le tredici e
quarantacinque.
(They) were 13 and 45.
It was 1300 hours.
(1:00 PM)
It was 1315 hours.
(1:15 PM)
It was 1330 hours.
(1:30 PM)
It was 1345 hours.
(1:45 PM)
155
Chapter 14 – On the Beach at Last!
Practice - 1
Vocabulary – The weather
Le prevsioni del tempo
La temperatura
Il grado
Il cielo
Azzuro
Sereno
Mite
Coperto
Nuovola
Nuvoloso(a)
La piogga
Bagnato(a)
La tempesta
Il tuono
Il Lampo
L’arcobaleno
L’umidità
Afoso(a)
Il vento
La brezza
L’aria
Il caldo
Il freddo
Fresco(a)
Il sole
Il raggio
L’alba
Il tramonto
Il crepuscolo
Buio(a)
La luna
La stella
Lucente
Weather Forecast
Temperature
Degree
Sky / Heavens
Sky blue
Clear (without clouds, sunny)
Mild
Overcast
Cloud
Cloudy
Rain
Wet
Storm
Thunder
Lightening (flash)
Rainbow
Humidity
Humid
Wind
Cool breeze
Air
Heat
Cold
Fresh / Cool
Sun
Ray
Sunrise
Sunset
Dusk
Dark
Moon
Star
Shining
157
Practice - 2
Piovere, Nevicare, Tirare – present tense
Il tempo
The weather
Piove.
It is raining.
Nevica.
It is snowing.
Tira vento.
It is windy.
C’è sole.
It is sunny. (lit. There is sun.)
C’è nebbia.
It is foggy. (lit. There is fog.)
È nuvoloso.
It is cloudy.
È sereno.
It is clear / sunny.
Practice - 3
Piovere, Nevicare, Tirare – past tense (imperfetto)
Il tempo
The weather
Pioveva.
It was raining.
Nevicava.
It was snowing.
Tirava vento.
It was windy.
C’era sole.
It was sunny. (lit. There was sun.)
C’era nebbia.
It was foggy. (lit. There was fog.)
Era nuvoloso.
It was cloudy.
Era sereno.
It was clear /sunny.
Practice - 4
Nessuno
Nessuno vuole lavorare oggi.
Non ho visto nessuno.
Non ho nessun letto.
Non ho nessuno specchio.
Non ho nessuna sedia.
Non ho nessun’armadio.
158
Nobody wants to work today.
I did not see anyone.
I don’t have a bed / any beds.
I don’t have a mirror / any mirrors.
I don’t have a chair / any chairs.
I don’t have a wardrobe cabinet / any
wardrobe cabinets.
Practice - 5
Fare and Essere – present tense irreg., with reference to the weather
Che tempo fa?
What is the weather?
How is the weather?
(lit. What weather does it make?)
Fa caldo.
It is hot. (lit. It makes heat.)
Fa fresco.
It is cool. (lit. It makes cool.)
Fa freddo.
It is cold. (lit. It makes cold.)
Fa bel tempo.
It is nice weather.
(lit. It makes nice weather.)
Fa brutto tempo.
It is bad weather.
(lit. It makes bad weather.)
È nuvoloso.
It is cloudy.
È sereno.
It is clear / sunny.
Practice - 6
Fare and Essere – past tense irreg. (imperfetto), with reference to the weather
Che tempo faceva?
What was the weather?
How was the weather?
(lit. What weather did it make?)
Faceva caldo.
It was hot. (lit. It made heat.)
Faceva fresco.
It was cool. (lit. It made cool.)
Faceva freddo.
It was cold. (lit. It made cold.)
Faceva bel tempo.
It was nice weather.
(lit. It made nice weather.)
Faceva brutto tempo.
It was bad weather.
(lit. It made bad weather.)
Era nuvoloso.
It was cloudy.
Era sereno.
It was clear / sunny.
159
Practice – 7
Dovere – past tense (imperfetto) (= supposed to) –
dovevo, dovevi, doveva, dovevamo, dovevate, dovevano
Dovere – past tense (passato prossimo) (= had to) –
avere dovuto vs.essere dovuto(i) (for verbs of directional motion)
Io dovevo andare a lavorare.
I was supposed to go to work.
Io ho dovuto lavorare ieri.
I had to work yesterday.
Io sono dovuto andare a lavorare in
I had to go to work at the office on
ufficio lunedì.
Monday.
Tu dovevi portare il vino.
Tu hai dovuto portare il vino per la
cena ieri sera.
Tu sei dovuto venire a cena alle otto.
You were supposed to bring the wine.
You had to bring the wine for dinner
last night.
You had to come for dinner at eight.
Lui doveva fare un viaggio in Italia per
lavoro.
Lui ha dovuto viaggiare in Italia per
lavoro la settimana scorsa.
Lui è dovuto andare in Italia per lavoro
il mese scorso.
He was supposed to take a trip to Italy
for work.
He had to travel to Italy for work last
week.
He had to go to Italy for work last
month.
Noi dovevamo andare a lavorare.
Noi abbiamo dovuto lavorare ieri.
We were supposed to go to work.
We had to work yesterday.
Voi dovevate portare il vino.
You all were supposed to bring the
wine.
You all had to come to dinner at eight.
Voi siete dovuti venire a cena alle otto.
Loro dovevano fare un viaggio in Italia
per lavoro.
Loro hanno dovuto viaggiare in Italia
per lavoro l’altro ieri.
Loro sono dovuti andare in Italia lunedì
scorso.
160
They were supposed to take a trip to
Italy for work.
They had to travel to Italy for work the
day before yesterday.
They had to go to Italy last Monday.
Practice – 8
Potere – past tense (imperfetto) (= could have) –
potevo, potevi, poteva, potevamo, potevate, potevano
Potere – past tense (passato prossimo) (= was / were able to) –
avere potuto vs.essere potuto(i) (for verbs of directional motion)
Io potevo andare a lavorare.
I could have gone to work.
Io ho potuto lavorare ieri.
I was able to work yesterday.
Io sono potuto andare a lavorare in
I was able to go to work at the office
ufficio sabato.
on Saturday.
Tu potevi portare il vino.
Tu hai potuto portare il vino per la cena
ieri sera.
Tu sei potutuo venire a cena alle otto.
You could have brought the wine.
You were able to bring the wine for
dinner last night.
You were able to come to dinner at
eight.
Lui poteva fare un viaggio in Italia per
una vacanza.
Lui ha potuto viaggiare in Italia per una
vacanza la settimana scorsa.
Lui è potuto andare in Italia il mese
scorso.
He could have taken a trip to Italy for a
vacation.
He was able to travel to Italy for a
vacation last week.
He was able to go to Italy last month.
Noi potevamo andare a lavorare.
Noi abbiamo potuto lavorare ieri.
We could have gone to work.
We were able to work yesterday.
Voi potevate portare il vino.
Voi siete potuti venire a cena alle otto.
You all could have brought the wine.
You all were able to come to dinner at
eight.
Loro potevano fare un viaggio in Italia
per una vacanza.
Loro hanno potuto viaggiare in Italia
per una vacanza l’estate scorsa.
Loro sono potuti andare in Italia l’anno
scorso.
They could have taken a trip to Italy for
a vacation.
They were able to travel to Italy for a
vacation last summer.
They were able to go to Italy last year.
161
Practice – 9
Volere – past tense (imperfetto) (=used to want / wanted) –
volevo, volevi, voleva, volevamo, volevate, volevano
Volere – past tense (passato prossimo) (= did want / wanted) –
avere voluto vs.essere voluto(i) (for verbs of directional motion)
Io volevo andare a lavorare a Milano.
I used to want to go to work in Milan.
Io ho voluto lavorare a Milano l’anno
I wanted to work in Milan last year.
scorso.
Io sono voluto andare a lavorare a
I wanted to go to work in Milan last
Milano la settimana scorsa.
week.
Tu volevi portare il vino?
Tu hai voluto portare il vino per la cena
ieri sera?
Tu sei voluto venire a cena alle otto.
Did you want to bring the wine?
Did you want to bring the wine for
dinner last night?
You wanted to come to dinner at eight.
Lui voleva fare un viaggio in Italia
quando era giovane.
Lui ha voluto viaggiare in Italia quando
aveva diciotto anni.
Lui è voluto andare in Italia l’estate
scorsa.
He used to want to take a trip to Italy
when he was young.
He wanted to travel to Italy when he
was 18 years old.
He wanted to go to Italy last summer.
Noi volevamo andare a lavorare a
Roma.
Noi abbiamo voluto lavorare a Roma il
mese scorso.
We used to want to go to work in
Rome.
We wanted to work in Rome last
month.
Voi volevate portare il vino?
Voi siete voluti venire a cena alle otto.
Did you all want to bring the wine?
You all wanted to come to dinner at
eight.
Loro volevano fare un viaggio in Italia.
Loro hanno voluto viaggiare a Venezia
la primavera scorsa.
Loro sono voluti andare a Pisa ieri.
They used to want to take a trip to Italy.
They wanted to travel to Venice last
spring.
The wanted to go to Pisa yesterday.
162
Practice – 10
Telling a story
Avere – past tense (imperfetto)
Dovere, Potere, Volere, Conoscere, Sapere –
past tenses (imperfetto) and (passato prossimo)
Io ho cenato con la mia amica
I had dinner with my friend Frances last
Francesca ieri sera.
night.
Dovevo portare il vino rosso.
I was supposed to bring the red wine.
Potevo portare anche del vino bianco,
I could have also brought some white
ma non ho voluto.
wine, but I didn’t want to.
Ho conosciuto Roberto, l’amico di
I met Robert, Frances’ friend, that
Francesca, quella sera. Era molto
evening. He was very nice.
simpatico.
Dopo cena, Francesca mi ha detto,
After dinner, Frances said to me, “I
“Sapevo che tu volevi conoscerlo!”
knew that you wanted to meet him!”
Io sapevo che lei aveva ragione!
I knew that she was right!
Practice – 11
Idiomatic expressions, “Quanti anni aveva?”
Quanti anni aveva?
How old was he?
(lit. How many years did he have?)
Aveva quaranta anni.
He was 40 years old.
(lit. He had 40 years.)
Quanti anni aveva la vecchia macchina
di Pietro?
La sua vecchia macchina aveva cinque
anni.
How old was Peter’s old car?
(lit. How many years did Peter’s old car
have?)
His old car was 5 years old.
(lit. His old car had 5 years.)
163
Practice - 12
Numbers – Expressions of time, “Da quanto?” and “Da quando?”
Da quanto tempo viaggi in Italia?
How long have you been traveling in
Italy?
(lit. For how much time are you
traveling in Italy?)
Viaggio in Italia da un mese.
I have been traveling in Italy for one
month.
(lit. I am traveling in Italy for one
month.)
Da quando sei a Stresa?
Sono a Stresa dal sedici agosto.
Da quanto tempo parlavi con Elena?
Parlavo con lei da pochi minuti quando
tu sei arrivato.
164
Since when have you been (staying) in
Stresa?
(lit. Since when are you (staying in)
Stresa?)
I have been (staying) in Stresa since the
16th of August.
(lit. I am (staying) in Stresa since the
16th of August.)
How long were you talking with Elena?
(lit. For how much time were you
talking with Elena?)
I was talking with her for a few minutes
when you arrived.
Chapter 15 – Sightseeing!
Practice – 1
Adverbial prepositions for directions
Vicino a
Il vicino / La vicina
I vicini
Lontano da
Là / Lì
Di là
La giù / Laggiù
Davanti a
Di fronte a
Dietro
Dentro
Fuori di
Sopra
Su
Near / Close to / Next to
Neighbor (male / female neighbor)
Neighbors
Far (away) from
There
Over there
Over there / Down there
In front of / Before
In front of
Behind
In / Inside
Outside / Out of
On top of / Above
On / Upon
Practice – 2
Adverbial prepositions for directions / Vocabulary – Sightseeing
Il giro turistoco inizia vicino alla
The sightseeing tour starts next to the
fontana.
fountain.
Le rovine sono lontano dall’arco.
The ruins are far away from the arch.
Il monastero è là.
The monestary is there.
La chiesa è di là.
The church is over there.
Il giardino botanico è laggiù.
The botanical garden is down there.
La mostra è davanti al palazzo.
The exhibit is in front of the palace.
Il duomo è di fronte alla galleria.
The cathedral is in front of the
shopping area.
Il ponte vecchio è dietro la città
The old bridge is behind the old city.
vecchia.
Andiamo dentro.
Let’s go inside.
La scultura è fuori, nella piazza.
The sculpture is outside, in the piazza.
La cattedrale è sopra la collina.
The cathedral is on top of the hill.
La città nuova è stata costruita sulla
The new city was built on top of the old
città vecchia.
city.
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Practice – 3
Important Phrases - Directions
Per andare a…
Cerco / Cerchiamo…
Mi scusi, per favore…
Mi scusi, per favore; sa dov’è il duomo?
Mi, scusi; sa dov’è la galleria?
Mi scusi; sa dov’è il museo?
Ho bisogno di indicazioni.
Abbiamo bisogno di indicazioni.
È lontano da qui?
È vicino a qui?
Quanto dista?
Quant’è lontano dall’albergo?
A quanti chilometri è dall’albergo?
Quanto tempo a piedi?
Mi sono perso.
Mi sono persa.
Come si arriva a …
È questa la strada per…
Come si chaima questa strada?
Dove porta questa strada?
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How do I get to…
I am looking for / We are looking for…
Excuse me, please…
Excuse me, please; (do) you know
where the cathedral is?
(lit. know where is the cathedral?)
Excuse me; (do) you know where the art
gallery is?
Excuse me; (do) you know where the
museum is?
I need directions.
We need directions.
Is it far from here?
Is it close to here?
How far is it?
How far is it from the hotel?
How many kilometers is it from the
hotel?
How much time on foot?
(English = How long is it to walk?)
I am lost. (male speaker)
I am lost. (female speaker)
How do I get to…
(lit. How does one arrive at…)
Is this the street / road for…
What is the name of this street / road?
Where (does) this street go?
(lit. Where does this street take you?)
Practice – 4
Responses to questions used to ask for directions
Nord
North
Sud
South
Est
East
Ovest
West
A nord di
North of
A sud di
South of
A est di
East of
A ovest di
West of
Diritto a nord
Due north
Diritto / Sempre avanti
Verso
Lontano da
Dall’altro lato della strada
Quella via / Quella strada
All’angolo
Dietro l’angolo
L’incrocio
Fino alla fine (della strada)
Finché arriva a
Gira a destra!
Gira a sinistra!
Scendere
Scendi!
Attraversare
Attraversa!
Straight ahead
Toward
Far from / Away
Across the street
That street / That way/ That road
At the corner
Around the corner
The intersection
To the end (of the street)
Until you arrive at
Turn to the right! (familiar command )
Turn to the left! (familiar command )
To go down
Go down! (familiar command )
To go across
Go across! (familiar command )
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Practice – 5
Expressions of future time
Stasera
Domani
Dopodomani
Domani mattina
Domani pomeriggio
Domani sera
Prossimo / Prossima
L’anno prossimo
Il mese prossimo
La settimana prossima
Lunedì prossimo
Domenica prossima
Fra poco
Fra un giorno / Fra due giorni
Fra una settimana / Fra due settimane
Fra un mese / Fra due mesi
Fra un anno / Fra due anni
Tonight
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Tomorrow morning
Tomorrow afternoon
Tomorrow evening / Tomorrow night
Next
Next year
Next month
Next week
Next Monday
Next Sunday
In a little while
In one day / In two days
In one week / In two weeks
In one month / In two months
In one year / In two years
Practice – 6
Abitare – future tense – regular “are” verb
abiterò, abiterai, abiterà, abiteremo, abiterete, abiteranno
Io abiterò a Roma l’anno prossimo.
I will live in Rome next year.
Tu abiterai a Roma il mese prossimo.
You will live in Rome next month.
Lei abiterà a Roma la settimana
She will live in Rome next week.
prossima.
Noi abiteremo a Roma fra poco.
Voi abiterete a Roma fra una settimana.
Loro abiteranno a Roma fra un anno.
168
We will live in Rome in a little while.
You all will live in Rome in one week.
They will live in Rome in one year.
Practice – 7
Chiudere – future tense – regular “ere” verb
chuiderò, chiuderai, chuiderà
chiuderemo, chuiderete, chiuderanno
Io chiuderò la porta.
I will close the door.
Tu chiuderai la finestra.
You will close the window.
Lei chiuderà il negozio alle otto stasera. She will close the store at 8 tonight.
Noi chiuderemo i nostri libri domani
prima dell’esame.
Voi chiuderete i vostri negozi fra poco.
Loro chiuderanno la piazza per
Ferragosto.
We will close our books tomorrow
before the exam.
You all will close your shops in a little
while.
They will close the piazza for
Ferragosto
Practice – 8
Finire – future tense – regular “ire” verb
finirò, finirai, finirà, finiremo,finirete,finiranno
Io finirò lunedì prossimo.
I will finish next Monday.
Tu finirai martedì prossimo.
You will finish next Tuesday.
Lui finirà mercoledì prossimo.
He will finish next Wednesday.
Noi finiremo domenica prossima.
Voi finirete fra un mese.
Loro finiranno fra due mesi.
We will finish next Sunday.
You all will finish in one month.
They will finish in two months.
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Practice – 9
Avere –future tense (irreg. stem) – avrò, avrai, avrà, avremo, avrete, avranno
Io avrò
I will have
Tu avrai
You will have
Lei avrà
She will have
Noi avremo
Voi avrete
Loro avranno
We will have
You all will have
They will have
Practice – 10
Essere –future tense (irreg. stem) – sarò, sarai, sarà, saremo, sarete, saranno
Io sarò
I will be
Tu sarai
You will be
Lui sarà
He will be
Noi saremo
Voi sarete
Loro saranno
We will be
You all will be
They will be
Practice – 11
Avere –future tense (irreg. stem) – avrò, avrai, avrà, avremo, avrete, avranno
Essere – future tense (irreg. stem) – sarà
Expressions that use avere in the future tense
Io avrò fame.
I will be hungry.
(lit. I will have hunger.)
Tu avrai sete.
You will be thirsty.
Lui avrà freddo. Sarà gennaio.
He will be cold. It will be January.
Lei avrà caldo. Sarà agosto.
She will be hot. It will be August.
Io avrò sonno.
Tu avrai ragione.
Lui avrà fretta.
Lei avrà bisogno di una casa.
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I will be sleepy.
You will be right (correct).
He will be in a hurry.
She will need a house.
Practice – 12
Niente and nulla to mean “nothing” or “not… anything”
Use of non as the subject
Expressions with niente and nulla
Niente è buono stasera.
Nothing is good tonight.
Non ho fatto niente.
I did not do anything.
Non è buono a nulla.
(He/she) is good for nothing.
(= not good for anything)
Non significare nulla
To mean nothing
Per nulla.
For nothing.
(= It was nothing.)
Non so nulla di…
I know nothing of…
Non costa nulla.
It didn’t cost anything.
Non fai nulla.
You don’t do anything.
Non... per niente.
Not... at all.
Non ho per niente fame.
I am not hungry at all.
Practice – 13
Niente as an adjective / Niente + di + adjective / Niente + da + verb
Non ho niente di fresco da vendere
I don’t have anything fresh to sell
oggi.
today.
Non ho niente da fare oggi.
I don’t have anything to do today.
(= I have nothing to do today.)
Non ho niente da darti.
I don’t have anything to give to you.
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Practice – 14
Andare – future tense (irreg. stem) – andrò, andrai, andrà
andremo, andrete, andranno
Io andrò
I will go
Tu andrai
You will go
Lei andrà
She will go
Noi andremo
Voi andrete
Loro andranno
We will go
You all will go
They will go
Practice – 15
Dovere – future tense (irreg. stem) – dovrò, dovrai, dovrà
dovremo, dovrete, dovranno
Io dovrò
I will have to
Tu dovrai
You will have to
Lui dovrà
He will have to
Noi dovremo
Voi dovrete
Loro dovranno
We will have to
You all will have to
They will have to
Practice – 16
Potere – future tense (irreg. stem) – potrò, potrai, potrà
potremo, potrete, potranno
Io potrò
I will be able to
Tu potrai
You will be able to
Lei potrà
She will be able to
Noi potremo
Voi potrete
Loro potranno
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We will be able to
You all will be able to
They will be able to
Practice – 17
Sapere – future tense (irreg. stem) – saprò, saprai, saprà
sapremo, saprete, sapranno
Io saprò
I will know
Tu saprai
You will know
Lei saprà
She will know
Noi sapremo
Voi saprete
Loro sapranno
We will know
You all will know
They will know
Practice – 18
Vedere – future tense (irreg. stem) – vedrò, vedrai, vedrà
vedremo, vedrete, vedranno
Io vedrò
I will see
Tu vedrai
You will see
Lui vedrà
He will see
Noi vedremo
Voi vedrete
Loro vedranno
We will see
You all will see
They will see
Practice – 19
Vivere – future tense (irreg. stem) – vivrò, vivrai, vivrà
vivremo, vivrete, vivranno
Io vivrò
I will live
Tu vivrai
You will live
Lei vivrà
She will live
Noi vivremo
Voi vivrete
Loro vivranno
We will live
You all will live
They will live
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Practice – 20
Dare – future tense (irreg. stem) – darò, darai, darà
daremo, darete, daranno
Io darò
I will give
Tu darai
You will give
Lei darà
She will give
Noi daremo
Voi darete
Loro daranno
We will give
You all will give
They will give
Practice – 21
Fare – future tense (irreg. stem) – farò, farai, farà
faremo, farete, faranno
Io farò
I will do / I will make
Tu farai
You will do / You will make
Lui farà
He will do / He will make
Noi faremo
Voi farete
Loro faranno
We will do / We will make
You all will do / You all will make
They will do / They will make
Practice – 22
Stare – future tense (irreg. stem) – starò, starai, starà
staremo, starete, staranno
Io starò
I will stay / (be)
Tu starai
You will stay / (be)
Lei starà
She will stay / (be)
Noi staremo
Voi starete
Loro staranno
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We will stay / (be)
You all will stay / (be)
They will stay / (be)
Practice – 23
Bere – future tense (irreg. stem) – berrò, berrai, berrà
berremo, berrete, berranno
Io berrò
I will drink
Tu berrai
You will drink
Lei berrà
She will drink
Noi berremo
Voi berrete
Loro berranno
We will drink
You all will drink
They will drink
Practice – 24
Venire – future tense (irreg. stem) – verrò, verrai, verrà
verremo, verrete, verranno
Io verrò
I will come
Tu verrai
You will come
Lui verrà
He will come
Noi verremo
Voi verrete
Loro verranno
We will come
You all will come
They will come
Practice – 25
Volere – future tense (irreg. stem) – vorrò, vorrai, vorrà
vorremo, vorrete, vorranno
Io vorrò
I will want
Tu vorrai
You will want
Lei vorrà
She will want
Noi vorremo
Voi vorrete
Loro vorranno
We will want
You all will want
They will want
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Practice – 26
Compound sentences with the future tense
Viaggerò in Italia se guadanerò molti
I will travel to Italy if I (will) earn a lot of
soldi quest’anno.
money this year.
Avremo molto caldo quando andremo
We will be very hot when we (will) go
alla spiagga.
to the beach.
Faremo shopping appena arriveremo in We will go shopping as soon as we
centro.
(will) arrive downtown.
Practice – 27
Numbers – Talking about events in present, future, and past tense
A che ora arriva l’aereo?
At what time (does) the airplane arrive?
A che ora arriverà l’aereo?
At what time will the airplane arrive?
A che ora è arrivato l’aereo?
At what time did the airplane arrive?
A che ora parte il treno?
A che ora partirà il treno?
A che ora è partito il treno?
At what time (does) the train leave?
At what time will the train leave?
At what time did the train leave?
A che ora comincia il viaggio?
A che ora comincerà il viaggio?
A che ora è cominciato il viaggio?
At what time (does) the trip start?
At what time will the trip start?
At what time did the trip start?
A che ora inizia il film?
A che ora inizierà il film?
A che ora è iniziato il film?
At what time (does) the movie begin?
At what time will the movie begin?
At what time did the movie begin?
A che ora finsce il film?
A che ora finirà il film?
A che ora è finito il film?
At what time (does) the movie finish?
At what time will the movie finish?
At what time did the movie finish?
176
Practice – 28
Numbers – Talking about events in present, future, and past tense–
questions and answers
Use of past participles aperto and chiuso as adjectives
A che ora apre il museo?
At what time (does) the museum open?
A che ora aprirà il museo?
At what time will the museum open?
A che ora ha aperto il museo?
At what time did the museum open?
A che ora è aperto il museo?
At what time is the museum open?
È aperto il museo?
Is the museum open?
Il museo apre alle nove.
Il museo aprirà alle nove.
Il museo ha aperto alle nove.
Il museo è aperto alle nove.
Il museo è aperto ora.
The museum opens at nine.
The museum will open at nine.
The museum opened at nine.
The museum is open at nine.
The museum is open now.
A che ora chiude il museo?
A che ora chiuderà il museo?
A che ora ha chiuso il museo?
A che ora è chiuso il museo?
È chiuso il museo?
At what time (does) the museum close?
At what time will the museum close?
At what time (did) the museum close?
At what time is the museum closed?
Is the museum closed?
Il museo chiude alle diciannove.
The museum closes at 1900 hours.
(7 PM)
The museum will close at 1900 hours.
The museum closed at 1900 hours.
The museum is closed at 1900 hours.
The museum is closed now.
Il museo chiuderà alle diciannove.
Il museo ha chiuso alle diciannove.
Il museo è chiuso alle diciannove.
Il museo è chiuso ora.
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Chapter 16 – At the Restaurant!
Practice – 1
Dimenticare – future tense (irreg. stem) –
dimenticherò, dimenticherai, dimenticherà
dimenticheremo, dimenticherete, dimenticheranno
Direct object pronouns – mi, ti / The negative – non… mai
Io dimenticherò
I will forget
Tu dimenticherai
You will forget
Lei dimenticherà
She will forget
Noi dimenticheremo
Voi dimenticherete
Loro dimenticheranno
We will forget
You all will forget
They will forget
(Io) Non ti dimenticherò mai.
(Tu) Non mi dimenticherai.
Lei ti dimenticherà.
I will never forget you.
You will never forget me.
She will forget you.
Practice – 2
Cercare – future tense (irreg. stem) – cercherò, cercherai, cercherà
cercheremo, cercherete, cercheranno
Direct object pronouns – ti, la
Io cercherò
I will look for
Tu cercherai
You will look for
Lei cercherà
She will look for
Noi cercheremo
Voi cercherete
Loro cercheranno
We will look for
You all will look for
They will look for
(Io) La cercherò.
(Tu) La cercherai.
Lui ti cercherà.
I will look for her.
You will look for her.
He will look for you.
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Practice – 3
Toccare – future tense (irreg. stem) – toccherò, toccherai, toccherà
toccheremo, toccherete, toccheranno
Direct object pronouns – lo / Idiomatic expression, “tocca a te”
Io toccherò
I will touch
Tu toccherai
You will touch
Lei toccherà
She will touch
Noi toccheremo
Voi toccherete
Loro toccheranno
We will touch
You all will touch
They will touch
Tocca a te.
Toccherà a te presto.
It is your turn. (idiomatic expression)
It will be your turn soon. (idiomatic
expression)
She will not touch it.
Lei non lo toccherà.
Practice – 4
Pagare – future tense (irreg. stem) – pagherò, pagherai, pagherà
pagheremo, pagherete, pagheranno
Direct object pronouns – mi, ti, lo
Use of subject pronoun io after the verb to signify intention
Io pagherò
I will pay
Tu pagherai
You will pay
Lei pagherà
She will pay
Noi pagheremo
Voi pagherete
Loro pagheranno
We will pay
You all will pay
They will pay
Lo pagherò io. / Pagho io.
(Tu) Mi pagherai.
Lui ti pagherà.
I will pay it. / (I intend to) pay (it).
You will pay me.
He will pay you.
180
Practice – 5
Dimenticare, Cercare, Pagare – future tense (irreg. stem)
Direct object pronouns – mi, ti, lo, la / The negative – non… mai
(Io) Non ti dimenticherò mai.
(I) will not ever forget you.
(Tu) Non mi dimenticherai mai!
(You) will not ever forget me!
Lui non lo dimenticherà mai.
He will not ever forget it.
(Io) Non lo chercherò.
(Tu) Non mi chercherai.
Lei non la chercherà.
(I) will not look for it.
(You) will not look for me.
She will not look for it.
(Io) Non ti pagherò.
(Tu) Non mi pagherai.
Lui non lo pagherà.
(I) will not pay you.
(You) will not pay me.
(He) will not pay it.
Practice – 6
Mangiare – future tense (irreg. stem) – mangerò, mangerai, mangerà,
mangeremo, mangerete, mangeranno
Direct object pronouns – lo, la
Io mangerò
I will eat
Tu mangerai
You will eat
Lei mangerà
She will eat
Noi mangeremo
Voi mangerete
Loro mangeranno
We will eat
You all will eat
They will eat
(Io) Lo mangerò.
(Tu) La mangerai.
Lui lo mangerà.
I will eat it.
You will eat it.
He will eat it.
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Practice –7
Viaggiare – future tense (irreg. stem) – viaggerò, viaggerai, viaggerà
viaggeremo, viaggerete, vaiggeranno
Disjunctive pronoun – con noi
Io viaggerò
I will travel
Tu viaggerai
You will travel
Lei viaggerà
She will travel
Noi viaggeremo
Voi vaiggerete
Loro viaggeranno
We will travel
You all will travel
They will travel
Io viaggerò in Italia.
Tu viaggerai a Roma, Firenze, e
Venezia.
Lui viaggerà con noi.
I will travel to Italy.
You will travel to Rome, Florence, and
Venice.
He will travel with us.
Practice – 8
Lasciare – future tense (irreg. stem) – lascerò, lascerai, lascerà
lasceremo, lascerete, lasceranno
Disjunctive pronouns – per me, per te
Io lascerò
I will leave
Tu lascerai
You will leave
Lei lascerà
She will leave
Noi lasceremo
Voi lascerete
Loro lasceranno
We will leave
You all will leave
They will leave
Io lascerò il regalo per te.
Tu lascerai il denaro per me.
Lui lascerà la sua ragazza.
I will leave the present for you.
You will leave the money for me.
He will leave (break-up with) his
girlfriend.
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Practice – 9
Cominciare – future tense (irreg. stem) –
comincerò, comincerai, comincerà,
cominceremo, comincerete, cominceranno
Io comincerò
I will begin
Tu comincerai
You will begin
Lei comincerà
She will begin
Noi cominceremo
Voi comincerete
Loro cominceranno
We will begin
You all will begin
They will begin
Io comincerò i compitit stasera.
Tu comincerai il viaggio domani.
Lui comincerà una vita nuova.
I will begin the homework tonight.
You will begin the trip tomorrow.
He will begin a new life.
Practice – 10
The negative – Niente, nessuno, né... né, neanche
Using nessuno as an adjective
Niente è buono stasera.
Nothing is good this evening.
Nessuno è felice stasera.
Nobody is happy this evening.
Né Caterina né Anna sono felici stasera. (Italian = Neither Kathy or Ann are
happy this evening.)
Neither Kathy nor Ann (English =
neither one) is happy this evening.
Non c’era neanche Anna.
Not even Ann was there.
Non ho niente di fresco da vendere.
I don’t have anything fresh to sell.
Ieri non ho parlato con nessuno.
Yesterday I did not speak with anyone.
Non ho nessuna frutta fresca da
I don’t have any fresh fruit to sell.
vendere.
Non ho nessun antipasto.
I don’t have any appetizer(s).
Oggi in classe, non c’è nessuno
Today in class, there aren’t any
studente intermedio.
intermediate student(s).
Non ho nessun’arancia da vendere.
I don’t have any orange(s) to sell.
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Practice – 11
Dare – present tense (irreg.) – dà
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, gli
Disjunctive pronouns – a me, a te, a lui
Indirect object pronouns placed before a direct object change to – me, te, glie
Vuole + dare + indirect object pronoun+ direct object pronoun
Il cameriere dà il menù a me.
The waiter gives the menu to me.
Il cameriere lo dà a me.
The waiter gives it to me.
Il cameriere me lo dà.
Caterina dà il burro a te.
Caterina lo dà a te.
Caterina te lo dà.
Kathy gives the butter to you.
Kathy gives it to you.
Il cameriere dà il vino a lui.
Il cameriere lo dà a lui.
Il cameriere glielo dà.
The waiter gives the wine to him.
The waiter gives it to him.
Il cameriere dà il menù a me.
Il cameriere mi dà il menù.
Il cameriere me lo dà.
The waiter gives the menu to me.
The waiter gives me the menu.
Caterina dà il burro a te.
Caterina ti dà il burro.
Caterina te lo dà.
Kathy gives the butter to you.
Kathy gives you the butter.
Il cameriere dà il vino a Pietro.
Il cameriere gli dà il vino.
The waiter gives the wine to Peter.
The waiter gives him the wine.
Anna vuole dare il suo pane a lui.
Anna vuole darlo a lui.
Anna vuole darglielo.
Ann wants to give her bread to him.
Ann wants to give it to him.
Ann wants to give it to him.
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Practice – 12
Dare – past tense (passato prossimo) – ho dato
Direct object pronouns – lo, la
Indirect object pronoun – le
Disjunctive pronouns – a me, con me, a te, con te, per te, a lei, con lei
Indirect object pronoun le placed before a direct object changes to – glie
Il cameriere dà il pane a lei.
The waiter gives the bread to her.
Il cameriere lo dà a lei.
The waiter gives it to her.
Il cameriere dà la rosa a lei.
Il cameriere la dà a lei.
Il cameriere gliela dà.
The waiter gives the rose to her.
Il cameriere dà il pane a Caterina.
Il cameriere le dà il pane.
The waiter gives the bread to Kathy.
The waiter gives her the bread.
Il cameriere dà la rosa a Caterina.
Il cameriere le dà la rosa.
Il cameriere gliela dà.
The waiter gives the rose to Kathy.
The waiter gives her the rose.
Anna vuole dare il suo pane a lei.
Anna vuole darlo a lei.
Ann wants to give her bread to her.
Ann wants to give it to her.
Ann wants to give it to her.
Tu parli a me? / Tu parli con me?
Si, io sto parlando con te, non con lei.
Are you speaking to me? / with me?
Yes, I am speaking with you, not with
her.
The place is reserved for you.
I gave the present to you.
Il posto è riservato per te.
Ho dato il regalo a te.
185
Practice – 13
Direct object pronouns – ci, vi, gli
Indirect object pronouns – ci, vi, a loro
Disjunctive pronouns – a noi, a voi, a loro
Indirect object pronouns placed before a direct object change to – ce, ve, glie
Il cameriere dà il pane a noi.
The waiter gives the bread to us.
Il cameriere lo dà a noi.
The waiter gives it to us.
Il cameriere ce lo dà.
Caterina dà il burro a voi.
Caterina lo dà a voi.
Caterina ve lo dà.
Kathy gives the butter to you all.
Kathy gives it to you all.
Il cameriere dà il vino a loro.
Il cameriere lo dà a loro.
The waiter gives the wine to them.
Il cameriere dà il pane a noi.
Il cameriere ci dà il pane.
Il cameriere ce lo dà.
The waiter gives the bread to us.
The waiter gives us the bread.
Caterina dà il burro a voi.
Caterina vi dà il burro.
Caterina ve lo dà.
Kathy gives the butter to you all.
Kathy gives you all the butter.
Il cameriere dà il vino a loro.
Il cameriere gli dà il vino.
The waiter gives the wine to them.
The waiter gives them the wine.
The waiter gives it to them.
Anna vuole dare il suo pane a loro.
Ann vuole darlo a loro.
Ann wants to give her bread to them.
Ann wants to give it to them.
Ann wants to give it to them.
186
Practice – 14
Lavarsi – present tense reflexive – mi lavo, ti lavi, si lava
Direct object pronoun le with reflexive verb lavarsi
(Io) Mi lavo le mani.
I wash my hands.
(lit. (I) wash myself the hands.)
(Io) Me le lavo.
I wash them.
(Tu) Ti lavi le mani.
You wash your hands.
(lit. (You) wash yourself the hands.)
(Tu) Te le lavi.
You wash them.
Caterina si lava le mani.
Kathy washes her hands.
(lit. Kathy washes herself the hands.)
Caterina se le lava.
Kathy washes them.
Practice – 15
Pagare – future tense (irreg. stem) – pagherò, pagherai, pagherà
Dimenticare – future tense (irreg. stem) diminticherò, diminticherà
Dimenticare + di +dare
Dare + object pronouns
Direct object pronouns – mi, ti, lo, la / Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, le, gli
(Io) Ti pagherò.
I will pay you.
(Io) Lo pagherò.
I will pay it.
(Io) Te lo pagherò.
I will pay you for it.
(Tu) Me lo pagherai.
You will pay me for it.
(Tu) Me la pagherai!
You will pay for it!
(idiomatic expression)
Lei glielo pagherà.
She will pay him for it.
Lui glielo pagherà.
He will pay him for it.
Lei glielo pagherà.
She will pay it to her.
Lui glielo pagherà.
He will pay it to her.
(Io) Non dimenticherò.
(Io) Non lo dimenticherò.
(Io) Non dimenticherò di dartelo.
Lei non dimenticherà di darglielo.
Lui non dimenticherà di darglielo.
Lei non dimentcherà di darglielo.
Lui non dimenticherà di darglielo.
I will not forget.
I will not forget it.
I will not forget to give it to you.
She will not forget to give it to him.
He will not forget to give it to him.
She will not forget to give it to her.
He will not forget to give it to her.
187
Practice – 16
Vocabulary – At the restaurant – Table setting and condiments
Il ristorante
Restaurant
La trattoria
Restaurant (family run)
L’osteria
Tavern / Wine Shop
Il tavolo
Table / Dining room table / Desk
La tavola
Dining table in a home, set for a meal
La tovaglia
Table cloth
Il tovagliolo
Napkin (made of cloth)
Il piatto
Plate
La scodella
Soup bowl
La zupperia
Soup bowl
La forchetta
Fork
Il cucchiaino
Teaspoon
Il cucchiaio
Tablespoon
Il coltello
Knife
Il bicchiere
Glass
Il bicchiere da vino
Wine glass
La tazza
Il piattino
Il sale
Il pepe
L’olio d’oliva
L’aceto
Olio e aceto
Lo zucchero
La zuccheriera
La panna
Il burro
La burriera
Il coltello da burro
Il menù
Il piatto del giorno
La specialità dello chef (del giorno)
188
Cup
Saucer
Salt
Pepper
Olive oil
Vinegar
Olive oil and vinegar
Sugar
Sugar bowl
Cream / Whipped cream
Butter
Butter dish
Butter knife
The menu
Specialty of the day
Chef’s special (of the day)
Practice – 17
The Partitive – Some, any, a little bit / Vocabulary – At the restaurant
Vorrei del pane.
I would like some bread.
Vorrei un po’ di pane.
I would like a little bit of bread.
Vorrei della minestra (= zuppa).
I would like some soup.
Vorrei un po’ di minestra (= zuppa).
I would like a little bit of soup.
Vorrei dell’acqua.
I would like some water.
Vorrei dei piselli.
Vorrei delle lasagne.
I would like some peas.
I would like some lasagna.
Vorrei dello spumante.
Vorrei degli spaghetti.
I would like some spumante wine.
I would like some spaghetti.
Practice – 18
Important Phrases – Speaking with the waiter
Vocabulary – A typical Italian menu
Posso…
Can I... / May I...
Possiamo…
Can we…
Possiamo sederci vicino alla finestra?
Can we sit (ourselves) by the window?
Possiamo sederci a un altro tavolo?
Can we sit (ourselves) at another table?
Possiamo vedere il menù?
Can we see the menu?
Qual’è lo speciale oggi / stasera?
What is the special today / tonight?
Che cosa ha scelto?
What have you (polite) chosen?
L’antipasto
La zuppa
Il primo
La pasta / Il risotto
Il secondo
Il dolce
Appetizer(s)
The soup course
The first course
The pasta (or rice) course
The second course
The dessert
(lit. the sweet course)
189
Practice – 19
Important Phrases – Speaking with the waiter
Vocabulary – A typical Italian menu
Per antipasto, vorremmo l’insalata
For antipasto, we would like the mixed
mista.
salad.
Per primo, vorremmo, le tagliatelle al
For the first course, we would like
ragù.
tagliatelle with meat sauce.
Per secondo, vorremmo l’osso buco.
For the second course, we would like
the ossobuco (cross-cut, braised, Italian
veal shanks).
Per dolce, vorrei solamente frutta.
For desert, I would like only fruit.
Non posso mangiare niente…
…fatto con noci.
...fatto con arachidi.
…molto piccante.
Questo è troppo caldo.
Questo è troppo freddo.
I cannot eat anything…
…made with nuts.
...made with peanuts.
…very spicy.
This is too hot.
This is too cold.
Mi può portare…
Ci può portare…
…del pane.
…dell’olio (d’oliva).
…del sale e pepe.
…un cucchiaio, un coltello, una
forchetta, un tovagliolo.
Cin-cin!
Could you bring me…
Could you bring us…
…some bread.
…some olive oil.
…some salt and pepper.
…a spoon, a knife, a fork, a napkin.
Salute!
190
Cheers! (to make a toast at the start of
dinner = sound of clinking glasses.)
To your health! (for a toast at dinner)
Practice – 20
Piacere – present tense (irreg.) – io piaccio
Disjunctive pronouns – a te, a lei, a lui, a voi, a loro
Indirect object pronouns – ti, le, gli, vi, gli
Io piaccio a te. / Ti piaccio.
I am pleasing to you. / To you I am
pleasing. (You like me.)
Io piaccio a lei. / Le piaccio.
I am pleasing to her. / To her I am
pleasing. (She likes me.)
Io piaccio a lui. / Gli piaccio.
I am pleasing to him. / To him I am
pleasing. (He likes me.)
Io piaccio a voi. / Vi piaccio.
Io piaccio a loro. / Gli piaccio.
I am pleasing to you all. / To you all I
am pleasing. (You all like me.)
I am pleasing to them. / To them I am
pleasing. (They like me.)
Practice – 21
Piacere – present tense (irreg.) – tu piaci
Disjunctive pronouns – a me, a lei, a lui, a noi, a loro
Indirect object pronouns – mi, le, gli, vi, gli
Tu piaci a me. / Mi piaci.
You are pleasing to me. / To me you
are pleasing. (I like you.)
Tu piaci a lei. / Le piaci.
You are pleasing to her. / To her you
are pleasing. (She likes you.)
Tu piaci a lui. / Gli piaci.
You are pleasing to him. / To him you
are pleasing. (He likes you.)
Tu piaci a noi. / Ci piaci.
Tu piaci a loro. / Gli piaci.
You are pleasing to us. / To us you are
pleasing. (We like you.)
You are pleasing to them. / To them
you are pleasing. (They like you.)
191
Practice – 22
Piacere – present tense (irreg.) – lui piace
Disjunctive pronouns – a me, a te, a lei, a noi, a voi, a loro
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, le, ci, vi, gli
Lui piace a me. / Mi piace.
He is pleasing to me. / To me he is
pleasing. (I like him.)
Lui piace a te. / Ti piace.
He is pleasing to you. / To you he is
pleasing. (You like him.)
Lui piace a lei. / Le piace.
He is pleasing to her. / To her he is
pleasing. (She likes him.)
Lui piace a noi. / Ci piace.
Lui piace a voi. / Vi piace.
Lui piace a loro. / Gli piace.
He is pleasing to us. / To us he is
pleasing. (We like him.)
He is pleasing to you all. / To you all he
is pleasing. (You all like him.)
He is pleasing to them. / To them he is
pleasing. (They like him.)
Practice – 23
Piacere – present tense (irreg.) – lui piace – replacing lui with names
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, le, gli, ci, vi, gli
Mi piace Michele.
I like Michael.
Ti piace Giovanni.
You like John.
Le piace Salvatore.
She likes Sal.
Gli piace Giuseppe.
He likes Joseph.
Ci piace Arnoldo.
Vi piace Franco.
Gli piace Paolo.
192
We like Arnold.
You all like Frank.
They like Paul.
Practice – 24
Piacere – present tense (irreg.) – lei piace
Disjunctive pronouns – me, te, lui, noi, voi, loro
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, gli, ci, vi, gli
Lei piace a me. / Mi piace.
She is pleasing to me. / To me she is
pleasing. (I like her.)
Lei piace a te. / Ti piace.
She is pleasing to you. / To you she is
pleasing. (You like her.)
Lei piace a lui. / Gli piace.
She is pleasing to him. / To him she is
pleasing. (He likes her.)
Lei piace a noi. / Ci piace.
Lei piace a voi. / Vi piace.
Lei piace a loro. / Gli piace.
She is pleasing to us. / To us she is
pleasing. (We like her.)
She is pleasing to you all. / To you all
she is pleasing. (You all like her.)
She is pleasing to them. / To them she
is pleasing. (They like her.)
Practice – 25
Piacere – present tense (irreg.) – lei piace – replacing lei with names
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, le, gli, le, ci, vi, gli
Mi piace Rosa.
I like Rose.
Ti piace Caterina.
You like Kathy.
Le piace Anna.
She likes Ann.
Gli piace Francesca.
He likes Frances.
Ci piace Laura.
Vi piace Susanna.
Gli piace Grazia.
We like Laura.
You all like Susan.
They like Grace.
193
Practice – 26
Numbers – The centuries
Cento anni
Un secolo
One hundred years
One century
Il millequattrocento
Il Quindicesimo secolo
the 1400s, or 1400
The 15th Century
Il millecinquecento
Il Sedicesimo secolo
the 1500s, or 1500
the 16th Century
Il milleseicento
Il Diciasettismo secolo
the 1600s, or 1600
the 17th Century
Il millesettecento
Il Diciottesimo secolo
the 1700s or 1700
the 18th Century
Il milleottocento
Il Diciannovesimo secolo
the 1800s or 1800
the 19th Century
Il millenovecento
Il Ventesimo secolo
the 1900s or 1900
the 20th Century
Il Duemila
Il Ventunesimo secolo
the 2000’s
the 21st Century
194
Chapter 17 – Dinner at the
Restaurant
Practice – 1
Important Phrases – Breakfast, lunch and dinner
La prima colazione / La colazione
Breakfast
Fare colazione
To eat breakfast
Il pranzo
Lunch / Midday meal
Pranzare
To eat lunch
Fare il pranzo / Preparare il pranzo
To make lunch
Pranzo in piedi
Buffet lunch
Pasto veloce
Quick lunch
Usciamo a pranzo!
Let’s go out for lunch!
Andiamo fuori a pranzo!
Let’s go out to eat lunch!
Pranziamo fuori!
Let’s eat lunch out!
Facciamo uno snack!
Let’s have a snack!
Faccio uno spuntino.
I’m having a snack.
Faccio la merenda.
I’m having an afternoon snack.
La cena
Dinner
Il pasto
Meal
Cenare
To eat dinner
La cena leggera
A light dinner
Cena in piedi
A buffet dinner
L’Ultima Cena
The Last Supper (of the disciples of
Jesus Christ)
Cenone di Capodanno
New Year’s Eve dinner
Andiamo a cena fuori domani sera?
Andiamo sempre a cena fuori?
Andiamo ancora a cena fuori?
Mi piaccerebbe offrire una cena a te.
Una cena offerta dal…
Cenare in due
Are we going out to dinner tomorrow
night?
Are we still going out to dinner?
Are we still going out to dinner?
I would like to treat you to dinner.
A dinner offered by the…
Dinner for two
195
Restaurant
Practice – 2
Important Phrases – Breakfast, lunch and dinner
È l’ora di cena.
(It) is dinnertime.
La cena è pronta.
Dinner is ready.
Il dopocena
After dinner
Ho portato il mio pranzo.
I brought my lunch.
Pranzo al sacco
Bag (sack) lunch
Colazione di lavoro
Business breakfast
Cena di lavoro
Business dinner
Cosa c’è per pranzo?
What’s for lunch?
Sono lieto / leita di invitarla a cena a
casa mia...
Sono lieto / leita di invitarVi a cena al
ristorante...
...che si terrà (il giorno) alle (ore).
I am delighted (male / female speaker)
to invite you (polite) to dinner at my
house...
I am delighted (male / female speaker)
to invite you all (polite) to dinner at the
restaurant...
…which will be held on (the day) at (the
hour).
Practice – 3
The partitive – Di + definite article, un po’ di, qualche, alcuni
Vorrei del pane.
I would like some bread.
Vorrei un po’ di pane.
I would like a little bit of bread.
Vorrei una fetta di pane.
I would like a slice of bread.
Qualche / Alcune / Alcuni
Some / A few
Vorrei qualche fetta di pane.
I would like some / a few slices of
bread.
Vorrei alcune fette di pane.
I would like some / a few slices of
bread.
Mi piace molto qualche attore di TV.
Mi piacciono molto alcuni attori di TV.
196
I like a few actors on TV very well.
I like a few actors on TV very well.
Restaurant
Practice – 4
The partitive in negative and interrogative expressions
Non ho soldi!
I don’t have (any) money!
Vorrebbe asparagi stasera?
Would you (polite) like (some)
asparagus tonight?
Vorrebbe piselli freschi oggi?
Would you (polite) like (some) fresh
peas today?
Practice – 5
Substituting ne for the partitive + noun
Avete (dei) piselli freschi oggi?
Si, ne abbiamo alcuni oggi.
(Do you all) have (some) fresh peas
today?
Yes, (we) have some of them today.
Vuoi un po di’ burro?
Si, ne voglio un po’.
Would you like a little bit of butter?
Yes, (I) would like a little bit of it.
Volete (del) vino rosso stasera?
(Do you all) want (some) red wine
tonight?
No, (we) don’t want any of it tonight.
No, non ne vogliamo affatto stasera.
Volete comprare (alcune) bottiglie?
No, non vogliamo comprarne alcuna.
(Do you all) want to buy (some)
bottles?
No, we don’t want to buy any of them.
197
Restaurant
Practice – 6
Avere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – avrei, avresti, avrebbe
avremmo, avreste, avrebbero
Avere –past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) – avessi, avessi, avesse
Io avrei
I would have
Tu avresti
You would have
Lei avrebbe / Lui avrebbe
She would have / He would have
Noi avremmo
Voi avreste
Loro avrebbero
We would have
You all would have
They would have
Se io avessi
Se tu avessi
Se lei avesse / Se lui avesse
If I had
If you had
If she had / If he had
Practice – 7
Essere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – sarei, saresti, sarebbe,
saremmo, sareste, sarebbero
Io sarei
I would be
Tu saresti
You would be
Lui sarebbe / Lei sarebbe
He would be / She would be
Noi saremmo
Voi sareste
Loro sarebbero
We would be
You all would be
They would be
Se io fossi
Se tu fossi
Se lei fosse / Se lui fosse
If I were
If you were
If she were / If he were
198
Restaurant
Practice – 8
Abitare – conditional tense – regular “are” verb
abiterei, abiteresti, abiterebbe
abiteremmo, abitereste, abiterebbero
Io abiterei…
I would live…
Tu abiteresti…
You would live…
Lei abiterebbe…
She would live…
Noi abiteremmo…
Voi abitereste…
Loro abiterebbero….
We would live…
You all would live…
They would live…
Practice – 9
Abitare – conditional tense –
abiterei, abiteresti, abiterebbe
abiteremmo, abitereste, abiterebbero
Avere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) – avessi, avessi, avesse
Io abitereri a Roma, ma non ho
I would live in Rome, but I don’t have
abbastanza soldi.
enough money.
Tu abiteresti a Roma, ma non hai un
You would live in Rome, but you don’t
lavoro là.
have a job there.
Lei abiterebbe a Roma, ma ha paura
She would live in Rome, but she is
della città.
afraid (lit. has fear) of the city.
Noi abiteremmo a Roma, ma non
We would live in Rome, but we don’t
abbiamo abbastanza soldi.
have enough money.
Voi abitereste a Roma, ma non avete
You all would live in Rome, but you all
un lavoro là.
don’t have a job there.
Loro abiterebbero a Roma, ma hanno
They would live in Rome, but they are
paura della città.
afraid of the city.
Io abitereri a Roma se avessi soldi.
Tu abiteresti a Roma se avessi un
lavoro là.
Lei abiterebbe a Roma se non avesse
paura della città
I would live in Rome if I had money.
You would live in Rome if you had a job
there.
She would live in Rome if she weren’t
afraid (lit. didn’t have fear) of the city.
199
Restaurant
Practice – 10
Scegliere – conditional tense – regular “ere” verb
sceglierei, sceglieresti, sceglierebbe
sceglieremmo, scegliereste, sceglierebbero
Io sceglierei ...
I would choose...
Tu sceglieresti...
You would choose...
Lei sceglierebbe...
She would choose...
Noi sceglieremmo…
Voi scegliereste….
Loro sceglierebbero…
We would choose…
You all would choose…
They would choose…
Practice – 11
Scegliere – conditional tense –
sceglierei, sceglieresti, sceglierebbe
sceglieremmo, scegliereste, sceglierebbero
Essere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) – fosse
Io sceglierei il salmone, ma non è alla
I would choose the salmon, but it is not
griglia.
grilled.
Tu sceglieresti la cotoletta, ma è fritta.
You would choose the cutlet, but it is
fried.
Lei sceglierebbe il pollo, ma solamente She would choose the chicken, but only
al forno, non alla cacciatora.
baked, not the hunter’s stew.
Noi sceglieremmo il baccalà, ma è
We would choose the cod, but it is too
troppo salato.
salty.
Voi scegliereste i calamari, ma il tonno
You all would choose the calamari, but
è anche molto buono.
the tuna is also very good.
Loro sceglierebbero l’arrosto, ma senza They would choose the roast, but
il sugo di carne.
without the gravy.
Io sceglierei il salmone se fosse alla
griglia.
Tu sceglieresti la cotoletta se non fosse
fritta.
Lei sceglierebbe il pollo se fosse al
forno.
200
I would choose the salmon if it were
grilled.
You would choose the cutlet if it were
not fried.
She would choose the chicken if it were
baked in the oven.
Restaurant
Practice – 12
Finire – conditional tense – regular “ire” verb
finerei, fineresti, finerebbe
fineremmo, finereste, finerebbero
Io finirei ...
I would finish...
Tu finiresti...
You would finish...
Lei finirebbe...
She would finish...
Noi finiremmo…
Voi finireste….
Loro finirebbero…
We would finish…
You all would finish…
They would finish…
Practice – 13
Finire – conditional tense – regular “ire” verb
finirei, finiresti, finirebbe finiremmo, finireste, finirebbero
Avere – past tense subjunctive (imperfetto) – avessi, avessi, avesse
Io finerei lunedì prossimo, ma non ho il I would finish next Monday, but I don’t
tempo.
have the time.
Tu finiresti tardi martedì prossimo, ma
You would finish late next Tuesday, but
hai paura del buio.
you are afraid of the dark.
Lui finirebbe mercoledì prossimo, ma
He would finish next Wednesday, but
ha bisogno di fare più ricerca.
he needs to do more research.
Noi finiremmo domenica prossima, ma We would finish next Sunday, but we
dobbiamo andare in chiesa.
need to go to church.
Voi finireste fra un mese, ma avete un
You would finish in one month, but you
altro lavoro da fare.
have another job to do.
Loro finirebbero fra due mesi, ma
They would finish in two months, but
hanno molto da fare.
they have a lot to do.
Io finirei lunedì prossimo se avessi il
tempo.
Tu finiresti tardi martedì prossimo se
non avessi paura del buio.
Lui finirebbe mercoledì prossimo se
avesse fatto più ricerca.
I would finish next Monday if I had the
time.
You would finish next Tuesday evening
if you weren’t afraid of the dark.
He would finish next Wednesday if he
had done more research.
201
Restaurant
Practice – 14
Vedere – past tense (passato prossimo) - ho visto, hai... visto
Direct object pronouns lo, la, li, le – responding to questions in the past tense
Volere – past tense (imperfetto) –volevi
The partitive ne – responding to questions in the past tense regarding food
Hai visto Pietro?
Have you seen Peter?
Si, ho visto Pietro.
Yes, I have seen Peter.
L’ho visto. (= Lo ho visto).
I have seen him. / I saw him.
Hai visto Caterina?
Si, ho visto Caterina.
L’ho vista. (= La ho vista).
Have you seen Kathy?
Yes, I have seen Kathy.
I have seen her. / I saw her.
Hai visto Pietro e Michele?
Si, ho visto Pietro e Michele.
Li ho visti.
Have you seen Peter and Michael?
Yes, I have seen Peter and Michael.
I have seen them. / I saw them.
Hai visto Pietro e Caterina?
Si, ho visto Pietro e Caterina.
Li ho visti.
Have you seen Peter and Kathy?
Yes, I have seen Peter and Kathy.
Hai visto Caterina e Francesca?
Si, ho visto Caterina e Francesca.
Le ho viste.
Have you seen Kathy and Frances?
Yes, I have seen Kathy and Frances.
Tu volevi (un po’ di) minestra?
Si, volvevo un po’ di minestra.
Ne volevo un po’.
Did you want a little bit of soup?
Yes, I wanted a little bit of soup.
I wanted a little bit of it.
Tu volevi degli spaghetti?
Si, volevo degli spaghetti.
Ne volevo un po’.
Did you want some spaghetti?
Yes, I wanted some spaghetti.
I wanted a little bit of it.
202
Restaurant
Practice – 15
Andare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – andrei, andresti, andrebbe,
andremmo, andreste, andrebbero
Io andrei
I would go
Tu andresti
You would go
Lei andrebbe
She would go
Noi andremmo
Voi andreste
Loro andrebbero
We would go
You all would go
They would go
Practice – 16
Dovere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – dovrei, dovresti, dovrebbe,
dovremmo, dovreste, dovrebbero
Io dovrei
I should
Tu dovresti
You should
Lui dovrebbe
He should
Noi dovremmo
Voi dovreste
Loro dovrebbero
We should
You should
They should
Practice – 17
Potere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – potrei, potresti, potrebbe,
potremmo, potreste, potrebbero
Io potrei
I could
Tu potresti
You could
Lei potrebbe
She could
Noi potremmo
Voi potreste
Loro potrebbero
We could
You all could
They could
203
Restaurant
Practice – 18
Sapere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – saprei, sapresti, saprebbe,
sapremmo, sapreste, saprebbero
Io saprei
I would know
Tu sapresti
You would know
Lei saprebbe
She would know
Noi sapremmo
Voi sapreste
Loro saprebbero
We would know
You all would know
They would know
Practice – 19
Vedere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – vedrei, vedresti, vedrebbe,
vedremmo, vedreste, vedrebbero
Io vedrei
I would see
Tu vedresti
You would see
Lui vedrebbe
He would see
Noi vedremmo
Voi vedreste
Loro vedrebbero
We would see
You all would see
They would see
Practice – 20
Vivere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – vivrei, vivresti, vivrebbe,
vivremmo, vivreste, vivrebbero
Io vivrei
I would live
Tu vivresti
You would live
Lei vivrebbe
She would live
Noi vivremmo
Voi vivreste
Loro vivrebbero
204
We would live
You all would live
They would live
Restaurant
Practice – 21
Dare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – darei, daresti, darebbe,
daremmo, dareste, darebbero
Io darei
I would give
Tu daresti
You would give
Lei darebbe
She would give
Noi daremmo
Voi dareste
Loro darebbero
We would give
You all would give
They would give
Practice – 22
Fare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – farei, faresti, farebbe,
faremmo, fareste, farebbero
Io farei
I would do / I would make
Tu faresti
You would do / You would make
Lui farebbe
He would do / He would make
Noi faremmo
Voi fareste
Loro farebbero
We would do / We would make
You all would do / You all would make
They would do / They would make
Practice – 23
Stare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – starei, staresti, starebbe,
staremmo, stareste, starebbero
Io starei
I would stay / (be)
Tu staresti
You would stay / (be)
Lei starebbe
She would stay / (be)
Noi staremmo
Voi stareste
Loro starebbero
We would stay / (be)
You all would stay / (be)
They would stay / (be)
205
Restaurant
Practice – 24
Bere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – berrei, berresti, berrebbe,
berremmo, berreste, berrebbero
Io berrei
I would drink
Tu berresti
You would drink
Lei berrebbe
She would drink
Noi berremmo
Voi berreste
Loro berrebbero
We would drink
You all would drink
They would drink
Practice – 25
Venire – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – verrei, verresti, verrebbe,
verremmo, verreste, verrebbero
Io verrei
I would come
Tu verresti
You would come
Lui verrebbe
He would come
Noi verremmo
Voi verreste
Loro verrebbero
We would come
You all would come
They would come
Practice – 26
Volere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – vorrei, vorresti, vorrebbe,
vorremmo, vorreste, vorrebbero
Io vorrei
I would want
Tu vorresti
You would want
Lei vorrebbe
She would want
Noi vorremmo
Voi vorreste
Loro vorrebbero
206
We would want
You all would want
They would want
Restaurant
Practice – 26
Dovere –conditional tense (irreg. stem) – dovrei, dovresti, dovrebbe,
dovremmo, dovreste, dovrebbero
Potere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – potrei, potresti, potrebbe,
potremmo, potreste, potrebbero
Volere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – vorrei, vorresti, vorrebbe,
vorremmo, vorreste, vorrebbero
Io devo andare in chiesa la domenica.
I must / have to go to church on
Sundays.
Io dovrei andare in chiesa la domenica, I should go to church on Sundays, but I
ma devo lavorare.
have to work.
Io devo studiare oggi.
Io dovrei studiare oggi, ma non voglio.
I must / have to study today.
I should study today, but I don’t want
to.
Io posso andare a casa di Pietro
stasera.
Io potrei andare a casa di Pietro
stasera, ma non ne ho voglio.
I can go to Peter’s house tonight.
Posso aiutarti?
Potrebbe aiutarmi?
Can I / May I help you?
Could you help me?
Voglio un tavolo vicino alla finestra.
Vorrei una tavolo alla finestra, per
favore.
I want a table by the window.
I would like a table by the window,
please.
Vogliamo del vino rosso.
Vorremmo del vino rosso, per favore.
We want some red wine.
We would like some red wine, please.
I could go to Peter’s house tonight, but
I don’t feel like it.
207
Chapter 18 – Birthday Surprise
Practice – 1
Dovere – conditional past tense (= should have) –
avere conditional + dovere past participle dovuto + infinitive verb
Io avrei dovuto
I should have
Tu avresti dovuto
You should have
Lei avrebbe dovuto
She should have
Lui avrebbe dovuto
He should have
Noi avremmo dovuto
Voi avreste dovuto
Loro avrebbero dovuto
We should have
You all should have
They should have
Io avrei dovuto parlare con Pietro.
Tu avresti dovuto comprare quella
macchina.
Lei avrebbe dovuto leggere quel libro.
Lui avrebbe dovuto guardare quel film.
I should have spoken with Peter.
You should have bought that car.
Noi avremmo dovuto vincere il gioco.
Voi avreste dovuto aspettarci.
Loro avrebbero dovuto prendere il
prossimo treno.
We should have won the game.
You all should have waited for us.
They should have taken the next train.
She should have read that book.
He should have watched that film.
209
Practice – 2
Potere – conditional past tense (= could have) –
avere conditional + potere past participle potuto + infinitive verb
Io avrei potuto
I could have
Tu avresti potuto
You could have
Lei avrebbe potuto
She could have
Lui avrebbe potuto
He could have
Noi avremmo potuto
Voi avreste potuto
Loro avrebbero potuto
We could have
You all could have
They could have
Io avrei potuto parlare con Pietro.
Tu avresti potuto comprare quella
macchina.
Lei avrebbe potuto leggere quel libro.
Lui avrebbe potuto vedere quel film.
I could have spoken with Peter.
You could have bought that car.
Noi avremmo potuto vincere il gioco.
Voi avreste potuto aspettarci.
Loro avrebbero potuto prendere il
prossimo treno.
We could have won the game.
You all could have waited for us.
They could have taken the next train.
210
She could have read that book.
He could have seen that film.
Practice – 3
Volere – conditional past tense (= would have) –
avere conditional + volere past participle voluto + infinitive verb
Io avrei voluto
I would have liked / wanted
Tu avresti voluto
You would have liked / wanted
Lei avrebbe voluto
She would have liked / wanted
Lui avrebbe voluto
He would have liked / wanted
Noi avremmo voluto
Voi avreste voluto
Loro avrebbero voluto
We would have liked / wanted
You all would have liked / wanted
They would have liked / wanted
Io avrei voluto parlare con Pietro.
Tu avresti voltuto comprare quella
macchina.
Lei avrebbe voluto leggere quel libro.
Lui avrebbe voluto vedere quel film.
I would have liked to speak with Peter.
You would have liked to buy that car.
Noi avremmo voluto vincere il gioco.
Voi avreste voluto vedere Roma.
Loro avrebbero voluto prendere il
prossimo treno.
We would have liked to win the game.
You all would have liked to see Rome.
They would have liked to take the next
train.
She would have liked to read that book.
He would have liked to see that film.
211
Practice – 4
Piacere – conditional tense – piacerebbe, piacerebbero
Vocabulary – the adjective caro (cara), cari (care)
Mi piacerebbe la macchina, ma è
I would like the car, but it is too
troppo cara.
expensive. (lit. The car would be
pleasing to me, but it is too expensive.)
Ti piacerebbe uscire stasera, ma devi
You would like to go out tonight, but
studiare.
you must study.
Mi piacerebbero queste macchine, ma
sono troppo care.
Ti piacerebbero questi vestiti, ma sono
troppo cari.
I would like these cars, but they are too
expensive.
You would like these dresses, but they
are too expensive.
Practice – 5
Essere – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – sarebbe, sarebbero
Piacere – conditional past tense (= would have liked / been pleasing to) –
essere conditional + piacere past participle piaciuto(a,i,e) + infinitive verb
Mi sarebbe piaciuta la macchina, ma
I would have liked the car, but it was
era troppo cara.
too expensive. (lit. The car would have
been be pleasing to me, but it was too
expensive.)
Ti sarebbe piaciuto uscire stasera, ma
You would have liked to go out tonight,
dovevi studiare.
but you had to study.
Mi sarebbero piaciute quelle macchine,
ma sono troppo care.
Ti sarebbero piaciuti quei vestiti, ma
erano troppo cari.
I would have liked those cars, but they
are too expensive.
You would have liked those dresses,
but they were too expensive.
Mi sarebbe piaciuto vedere te ieri.
Mi sarebbe piaciuto vedere quel film.
Ci sarebbero piaciuti gli spaghetti, ma il
sugo era troppo piccante.
I would have liked to see you yesterday.
I would have liked to see that film.
We would have liked the spaghetti, but
the sauce was too spicy.
212
Practice – 6
Important Phrases – Common conditional phrases
Potrebbe essere?
Could it be?
Così sembrerebbe…
So it seems…
Non saprei.
I wouldn’t know.
Sarebbe meraviglioso!
Non sarebbe meglio…
Non sarebbe peggio…
Tutti sarebbero d’accordo.
Si dovrebbe sempre vivere cosi!
It would be wonderful!
Wouldn’t it be better…
Wouldn’t it be worse…
Everyone would agree.
One should always live this way!
Chi lo avrebbe pensato!
Come le sarebbe piaciuto.
Come le sarebbe piaciuto fare.
Come le sarebbe piaciuto pensare.
Who would have thought!
As she would have liked.
As she would have like to do.
As she would have liked to think.
Che potrebbe mai essere?
Chi potrebbe mai essere?
Chi mai l’avrebbe creduto?
Non lo si sarebbe creduto possibile!
What (ever) could it be?
Who (whomever) could it be?
Who would have ever believed it?
One would not have thought it
possible!
213
Practice – 7
More uses for ne, with the meanings “of them,”and “of it” (to describe quantity)
Ne and phrases that end in di – ho bisogno di, ne ho bisogno
Quante stanze avete in quest’albergo?
How many rooms (do you all) have in
this hotel?
Ne abbiamo venti.
We have twenty of them.
(lit. Of them we have 20.)
Avete molti vestiti rossi?
Si, ne abbiamo molti.
(Do you all) have many red dresses?
Yes, we have many of them.
(lit. Of them we have many.)
Parli dell’opera in Italia?
Si, ne parlo spesso.
(Do you) talk about opera in Italy?
Yes, I talk about it often.
(lit. Yes, of it I talk often.)
Hai bisogno di più soldi?
No, non ne ho bisogno.
(Do you) need more money?
No, I don’t need (more) of it.
(lit. No, of it I don’t need more.)
Parlavi del ristorante?
Were you speaking about the
restaurant?
Yes, I was speaking about it.
(lit. Yes, of it I was speaking.)
Si, ne parlavo.
214
Practice – 8
Use of the adverb ci, meaning “there” (to describe location)
Use of the adverb ci, meaning “in it” (to describe belief)
Combining the adverb ci with volere + infinitive verb
Idiomatic expressions, “I’ve got it,” “I’ve got them” – Ce l’ho, Ce le ho, Ce li ho
Va in pizzeria stasera?
Are you going to a pizzeria tonight?
No, non ci vado.
No, I’m not going there.
Vuoi venire a casa mia?
No, non ci voglio venire.
No, non voglio venirci.
Do you want to come to my house?
No, I don’t want to come there.
No, I don’t want to come there.
Credi alla religione Cristiana?
Si, ci credo.
Do you believe in the Christian
religion?
Yes, I believe in it.
Hai il biglietto nella tua borsa?
Si, l’ho nella mia borsa.
Si, ce l’ho.
Do you have the ticket in your purse?
Yes, I have it in my purse.
Yes, I’ve got it. (idiomatic expression)
Hai le chiavi nella tua macchia?
Si, le ho nella mia macchina.
Si, ce le ho.
Do you have the keys in your car?
Yes, I have them in my car.
Yes, I’ve got them.
Hai i libri a casa tua?
Si, li ho a casa mia.
Si, ce li ho.
Do you have the books at your house?
Yes, I have them at my house.
Yes, I’ve got got them.
215
Practice – 9
Indefinite adjectives
Qualunque
Qualsiasi
Altro (altra, altri, altre)
L’altro giorno sono andato al cinema.
Ho comprato un altra borsa di Prada.
Michele ha comprato altri libri.
Voglio conoscere altre persone.
Un certo (certa, certi, certe)
Un tale (tali)
Ciascuno / Ciascuna
Diverso (diversa, diversi, diverse)
Vario (varia, vari, varie)
Any / Either / Whichever
Any / Either / Whichever
Other / Different
The other day I went to the movies.
I have bought another Prada purse.
Michael has bought other books.
I want to meet other people.
A certain
A certain
Each
Several / Various
Various / Several / Quite / A few
Practice – 10
Describing groups of two or more – how to say “both”
Tutti e due
Both of us
Entrambi
Both
Tutti e tre
All three of us
Practice – 11
Parts of the body, with irregular plurals – the head and face
La testa
Head
Il viso
Face
I capelli
Hair
Il sopracciglio / Le sopracciglia
Eyebrow / Eyebrows
Il ciglio / Le ciglia
Eyelash / Eyelashes
L’occhio / Gli occhi
Eye / Eyes
L’orecchio / Le orecchie
Ear / Ears
Il labbro / Le labbra
Lip / Lips
Il naso
Nose
216
Practice – 12
Parts of the body, with irregular plurals – the torso and extremities
Il petto
Chest
Il seno
Breast
Il busto
Torso
La pancia
Abdomen / Belly
L’osso / Gli ossi
Animal Bone / Animal Bones
L’osso / Le ossa
Human bone / Human bones
La spalla
Il braccio / Le braccia
Il gomito
Shoulder
Arm / Arms
Elbow
La mano / Le mani
Il dito / Le dita
L’anulare
Il dito mignolo / I diti mignoli
Il pollice/ I pollici
Hand / Hands
Finger / All the fingers
Wedding ring finger (4th finger of the
left hand)
Pinkie finger / Pinkie fingers
Thumb / Thumbs
Il fianco / I fianchi
La gamba
Il ginocchio / Le ginocchia
Hip / Hips
Leg
Knee / Knees
Il piede
Il dito del piede / Le dita dei piedi
Foot
Toe / All the toes
217
Practice – 13
Dimenticare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
dimenticherei, dimenticheresti, dimenticherebbe
dimenticheremmo, dimentichereste, dienticherebbero
Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo / The negative (never) – non… mai
Io dimenticherei
I would forget
Tu dimenticheresti
You would forget
Lei dimenticherebbe
She would forget
Noi dimenticheremmo
Voi dimentichereste
Loro dimenticherebbero
We would forget
You all would forget
They would forget
(Io) Non lo dimenticherei mai, perché è
speciale.
(Tu) Non mi dimenticheresti mai!
Lei non ti dimenticherebbe mai, perché
tu sei troppo importante.
I would never forget him, because he is
special.
You would not ever forget me!
She would never forget you, because
you are too important.
Practice – 14
Cercare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
cercherei, cercheresti, cercherebbe,
cercheremmo, cerchereste, cercherebbero / Direct Pronouns ti, la
Io cercherei
I would look for
Tu cercheresti
You would look for
Lei cercherebbe
She would look for
Noi cercheremmo
Voi cerchereste
Loro chercherebbero
We would look for
You all would look for
They would look for
(Io) La cercherei, ma non ho il tempo.
I would look for it, but I don’t have the
time.
You would look for it, but you don’t
want to.
He would look for you, but you are too
far away.
(Tu) La cercheresti, ma non vuoi.
Lui ti cercherebbe, ma lei è troppo
lontana.
218
Practice – 15
Toccare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
toccherei, toccheresti, toccherebbe
toccheremmo, tocchereste, toccherebbero
Direct object pronoun lo / Idiomatic expression, “tocca a te”
The negative (anymore) - non... più
Io toccherei
I would touch
Tu toccheresti
You would touch
Lei toccherebbe
She would touch
Noi toccheremmo
Voi tocchereste
Loro toccherebbero
We would touch
You all would touch
They would touch
Lo toccherei, ma è troppo freddo.
Toccerebbe a te, ma mi hai detto che
non vuoi giocare più.
Lei lo toccherebbe, ma è troppo caldo.
I would touch it, but it is too cold.
It would be your turn, but you told me
you don’t want to play anymore.
She would touch it, but it is too hot.
Practice – 16
Pagare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
pagherei, pagheresti, pagherebbe,
pagheremmo, paghereste, pagherebbero
Direct object pronouns mi, ti, lo
Io pagherei
I would pay
Tu pagheresti
You would pay
Lei pagherebbe
She would pay
Noi pagheremmo
Voi paghereste
Loro pagherebbero
We would pay
You all would pay
They would pay
(Io) Lo pagherei, ma è troppo caro.
(Tu) Mi pagheresti oggi, ma hai perso il
tuo portafoglio.
Lui ti pagherebbe, ma non ha i soldi.
I would pay it, but it is too expensive.
You would pay me today, but you lost
your wallet.
He would pay you, but he doesn’t have
the money.
219
Practice – 17
Dimenticare, Pagare – conditional tense (irreg. stem)
The negative (not ever) – non… mai
(Io) Non ti dimenticherei mai se fossi
I would not ever forget you if you were
mio.
mine.
(Tu) Non mi dimenticheresti mai se io
You would not ever forget me if I were
fossi bella.
beautiful.
Lui non lo dimenticherebbe mai se
He would not ever forget it if it were
fosse importante.
important.
(Io) Non lo pagherei se fosse troppo
caro.
(Tu) Non mi pagheresti se io fossi ricco.
Lui non lo pagherebbe, anche se fosse
ricco.
I would not pay it if it were too
expensive.
You would not pay me if I were rich.
He would not pay it, even if he were
rich.
Practice – 18
Mangiare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
mangerei, mangeresti, mangerebbe,
mangeremmo, mangereste, mangerebbero
Io mangerei
I would eat
Tu mangeresti
You would eat
Lei mangerebbe
She would eat
Noi mangeremmo
Voi mangereste
Loro mangerebbero
We would eat
You all would eat
They would eat
(Io) Lo mangerei, ma non ho fame.
(Tu) La mangeresti, ma è fritta.
Lui lo mangerebbe, ma non è di suo
gusto.
I would eat it, but I am not hungry.
You would eat it, but it is fried.
He would eat it, but it is not to his
taste. (=he doesn’t like it).
220
Practice – 19
Viaggiare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
viaggerei, viaggeresti, viaggerebbe,
viaggeremmo, viaggereste, vaiggerebbero
Io viaggerei
I would travel
Tu viaggeresti
You would travel
Lei viaggerebbe
She would travel
Noi viaggeremmo
Voi viaggereste
Loro viaggerebbero
We would travel
You all would travel
They would travel
Io viaggerei in Italia, ma non ho i soldi.
I would travel to Italy, but I don’t have
the money.
You would travel to Rome, but it is too
far away.
He would travel with us, but he doesn’t
like long trips on the train.
Tu viaggeresti a Roma, ma è troppo
lontano.
Lui viaggerebbe con noi, ma non gli
piacciono i viaggi lunghi in treno.
Practice – 20
Lascire – conditional tense (irreg. stem) – lascerei, lasceresti, lascerebbe,
lasceremmo, lascereste, lascerebbero
Io lascerei
I would leave
Tu lasceresti
You would leave
Lei lascerebbe
She would leave
Noi lasceremmo
Voi lascereste
Loro lascerebbero
We would leave
You all would leave
They would leave
Io lascerei il regalo per te, ma non so
dove metterlo.
Tu lasceresti il denaro per me, ma non
ce l’hai oggi.
Lui lascerà la sua ragazza, ma lei
sarebbe molto triste.
I would leave the present for you, but I
don’t know where to put it.
You would leave the money for me, but
you don’t have it today.
He will leave (break-up with) his
girlfriend, but she would be very sad.
221
Practice – 21
Comminciare – conditional tense (irreg. stem) –
comincerei, cominceresti, comincerebbe,
cominceremmo, comincereste, comincerebbero
Io comincerei
I would begin
Tu cominceresti
You would begin
Lei comincerebbe
She would begin
Noi cominceremmo
Voi comincereste
Loro comincerebbero
We would begin
You all would begin
They would begin
Io comincerei il compito stasera, ma
devo uscire.
Tu cominceresti il viaggio domani, ma
non hai preparato le tue valige.
Lei comincerebbe una vita nuova, ma
non può traslocare con i figli ora.
I would begin the homework tonight,
but I have to go out.
You would begin the trip tomorrow,
but you haven’t prepared your bags.
She would begin a new life, but she
cannot move with the children now.
Io comincerei il compito stasera se io
non fossi stanca.
Tu cominceresti il viaggio domani se tu
fossi preparato per la riunione.
Lei comincerebbe una vita nuova se
fosse più giovane.
I would begin the homework tonight if
I weren’t tired.
You would begin the trip tomorrow if
you were prepared for the meeting.
She would begin a new life if she were
younger.
222
Practice – 22
Dispiacere – Present tense – dispiace
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, ci
Mi dispiace.
Mi dispiace che tu devi partire.
Ci dispiace che tu non ti senti bene.
I am sorry.
I am sorry that you must leave.
We are sorry that you do not feel well.
Ti dispiace se io fumo?
No, non mi dispiace se tu fumi.
Si, mi dispiace se tu fumi in casa.
Do you mind if I smoke?
No, I don’t mind if you smoke.
Yes, I mind if you smoke in the house.
Non mi dispiace viaggiare.
Non mi dispiace questo posto.
I don’t mind traveling.
I don’t mind this place.
Practice – 23
Dispiacere – present conditional tense – dispiacerebbe, dispiacerebbero
Indirect object pronouns – mi, ti, ci
Non mi dispiacerebbe un po’ di vino.
I woudn’t mind a little wine.
Non mi dispiacerebbe un altro lavoro.
I wouldn’t mind another job.
Non mi dispiacerebbe un po’di riposo.
I wouldn’t mind a little bit of rest.
Non mi dispiacerebbe viaggiare.
Non mi dispiacerebbe vedere quel film.
Non mi dispiacerebbe uscire stasera.
Non ti dispiacerebbe uscire stasera?
I wouldn’t mind traveling.
I wouldn’t mind seeing that film.
I wouldn’t mind going out tonight.
Would you mind going out tonight?
Non mi dispiacerebbero un po’ più
soldi.
Non mi dispiacerebbero due macchine
macchine da corsa rosse.
I wouldn’t mind a little more money.
I wouldn’t mind two red sportscars.
223
Appendix
Audio Dialogue Italian Menu
An Italian Menu
Practice – 1
Beverages and alcoholic drinks
L’acqua
L’acqua minerale
L’acqua frizzante
L’acqua gassata
L’acqua senza gas
L’acqua naturale
Le bibite
Aranciata
Limonata
Orzata
Amerena
il té freddo
il caffè freddo
il té caldo
il té caldo con limone
il té caldo con miele
Il latte
Il succo d’arancia
La birra
La spuma
La birra chiara
La birra scura
Un apertivo
Campari
Aperol
Cinzano
Bellini
Spritz
Water
Mineral water
Carbonated water / Bubbly water
Carbonated water
Non-carbonated water
Non-carbonated water
Soft drinks
Orange soda
Lemonaide
Almond-flavored drink
Cherry-flavored drink
Iced tea (= cold tea, not necessarily
containing ice cubes)
Iced coffee (= cold coffee, not
necessarily containing ice cubes)
Hot tea
Hot tea with lemon
Hot tea with honey
Milk
Orange juice
Beer
Froth / Foam
Light beer
Dark beer
Apertif
Bitter, berry-flavored (red color)
Slightly bitter alcohol
Brand of vermouth (type of white wine)
Italian champagne, peach juice, bitters
Italian champagne, Aperol or Campari
225
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 2
Antipasto
Il pane
Una fetta di pane
Bruschetta / Bruschette
L’olio (d’oliva)
L’aceto
Antipasto (misto)
L’nsalata verde / L’insalata mista
I calamari fritti
Panzanella
Insalata Caprese
Le olive
Le verdure sottoaceto
I peperoni (sottoaceto)
I funghi (sottoaceto)
I carciofi sott’olio
Caponata
Le acciuge
Bagna Cauda
Le sardine
La mortadella
Il salame / I salumi
Fritto Misto
Il prosciutto (di Parma)
Proscuitto e Melone
Speck
Il formaggio
226
Bread
A slice of bread
Toasted bread slices rubbed with garlic
and topped with tomatoes, etc.
Olive oil
Vinegar
Assorted appetizers
Mixed lettuce greens and vegetables
Fried squid
Tomato and bread salad
Fresh tomato slices, basil, and buffalo
mozzarella with olive oil
Olives
Pickeled (mixed) vegetables
Peppers (pickeled)
Muschrooms (pickeled)
Artichoke hearts preserved in olive oil
Sicilian cooked eggplant appetizer
Anchovies
Warm olive oil, garlic, and anchovy dip
for fresh or boiled vegetables from
Piedomont region
Sardines
Type of boloney, from Bologna
Salami – regional specialty
dried/smoke-cured meats
Mixed fried vegetables and fish
Special, air-dried/cured ham of Parma
Special ham with cantaloupe and
usually drizzled with balsamic vinegar
Special smoked ham of the city Tyrol
Cheese – cow, sheep or goat’s milk
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 3
Soup
Il brodo
Il brodo di pollo / Il brodo di manzo
La zuppa
…di pollo / di pesce
…di verdure / di lenticchie
Il minestrone / La minestra
Pasta e Fagioli
Burrida / Buridda
Broth
Chicken broth / Beef broth
Soup
...chicken soup / fish soup
...vegetable soup / lentil soup
Thick vegetable soup with beans and
often with pasta
Thick soup with white (cannellini) beans
and pasta
Fish stews from Sardinia / Genoa
Practice – 4
Fresh egg pasta
La pasta fresca
Le tagliatelle / Le fettucine
Le pappardelle
La lasagna
Le penne
Pasta alla Chitarra
I ravioli
I tortellini
I cappelletti
Fresh pasta
Long, flat pasta
Wide, long, flat pasta
Rectangular shaped, wide pasta for a
casserole
Short, rolled, tubular pasta with angled
ends (like a penna, or fountain pen)
Ancient method from the Abruzzo
region to make spaghetti by rolling
dough over a wooden box strung with
wires
Pasta squares, stuffed with cheese,
vegables, or meat
Stuffed pasta squares, folded and
shaped to look like the goddess of
beauty Venus’ navel
Stuffed pasta rounds, folded and
shaped to look like small hats
227
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 5
Dried pasta, gnocchi and rice
La pasta secca
Gli spaghetti / Uno spaghetto
I vermicelli
I bucatini
Le linguine
I fusilli
I maccheroni
I rigatoni
Gli ziti
Le conchiglie
Gli gnocchi
Il risotto
228
Dried pasta
Long strands of round pasta / one
strand of spaghetti pasta
Long, thin strands of round pasta
(lit. little worms)
Very thick strands of round pasta with a
central hole (buco)
Long strands of flat pasta
Spiral shaped strands of pasta
Macheroni (shaped pasta, extruded
from a machine)
Tubular pasta with ridges
Tubular pasta without ridges
Shell-shaped pasta (like a conch shell)
Small, ridged, potato and flour
dumplings made with water and
sometimes the addition of an egg
Rice, specifically Italian short-grained,
starchy rice such as Arborio, stirred
during cooking to release starch for a
creamy sauce
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 6
Famous Italian pasta, gnocchi, and rice dishes
Taggliatelle / Pappardelle Bolognese
Fresh ribbon pasta with meat sauce
Lasagne Bolognese
Lasagna pasta layers of Bolognese
sauce and béchamel (besciamella)
(white sauce) baked in a casserole
Spaghetti al Nero (di seppia)
Spaghetti with squid’s ink (black) sauce
(Venice / Sicily)
Spaghetti Aglio e Olio
Spaghetti with garlic, oil, and Parmesan
cheese (Rome)
Spaghetti al Sugo
Spaghetti with sauce
Spaghetti al Pomodoro
Spaghetti with fresh or lightly cooked
tomatoes
Spaghtetti alla Puttanesca
Spaghetti with anchoives and olives,
like a prostitute (puttana) would make
Spaghetti alla Carbonara
Spaghetti with egg and Italian bacon
(pancetta), like a coal worker
(carbonaro) would make
Manicotti
Cannelloni pasta (large, tubular shape)
or crespelle (Italian crepes rolled into a
tubular shape) with ricotta cheese
filling, covered with tomato sauce and
baked in a casserole
Gnocchi con Pesto
Small potato dumplings with pesto
(fresh crushed basil, pine nuts, garlic
and Parmesan cheese combined with
olive oil into a paste) (Genoa)
Gnocchi con Gorgonzola
Small potato dumplings in cream sauce
made with Gorgonzola cheese (Italian
blue cheese)
Buccatini all’Amatriciana
Thick spaghetti with tomato and Italian
bacon (guanciale) sauce (Amartricia)
Risotto alla Milanese
Italian short grain rice flavored and
colored yellow with saffron.
Risi e Bisi
Rice and peas (Venice)
229
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 7
Cooking methods and meats
Cotto
Fritto
Bollito
Arrostito / Arrosto
Al forno
Alla brace
Alla griglia / Ai ferri
Brasato / Stufato
Ripieno / Farcita
Affumicato
Alla cacciatora
Il vitello
La costoletta
La cotoletta
La scaloppina
La bistecca
Al sangue
Cotta a puntino
Ben cotta
Le polpette
Il pollo
Il petto di pollo
Il tacchino
L’anatra
La quaglia
Il fagiano
Il coniglio
Il maiale
L’agnello
L’abbacchio
La capra / Il capretto
Il fegato
La pancetta / Il guanciale
230
Cooked
Fried
Boiled
Roasted
Baked (lit. from the oven)
Broiled
Grilled
Braised / Stewed
Stuffed
Smoked
Cooked in a pot as a hunter
(cacciatore) would
Veal
Chop (bone-in cut of meat)
Cutlet (a thin slice of boneless meat)
Cutlet (a very thin slice)
Steak
Rare meat
Medium-cooked meat
Well-done meat
Meatballs
Chicken
Chicken breast filet
Turkey
Duck
Quail
Pheasant
Rabbit
Pork
Lamb
Young lamb
Goat / Kid
Liver
Bacon / Bacon from pig’s cheeks
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 8
Fish and shellfish
Il pesce
Il salmone
La sogliola
La trota
Il baccalà
Il merluzzo
Il pesce spada
Il branzino
Il tonno
I calamari
I gamberi
Gli scampi
Le capasante
L’aragosta
Le cozze
Le vognole
Le ostriche
Le acciughe
Le sardine
L’anguilla
Le chiocciole
Il polpo
L’aringa affumicata
The fish
Salmon
Filet of sole (white fish)
Trout
Dried Cod (Preserved by salting and
drying, then soaked in water to
desalinate and rehydrate before
cooking)
Cod (fresh fish)
Swordfish
Sea bass
Tuna
Squid
Shrimp
Large, shrimp-like crustacean from the
Mediterranean sea
Scallops
Lobster
Mussels
Clams
Oysters
Anchovies
Sardines
Eel
Snails
Octopus
Smoked herring
231
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 9
Vegetables
Gli asparagi
I broccoli
I carciofi
La carota
Il cavolo
Il cavolo nero
Il cavolfiore
I ceci
Il cetriolo
La cipolla
I fagioli
I fagiolini verdi
La fava
Il finocchio
I funghi
La lattuga
Le lenticchie
La melanzana
I peperoni
Le patate
Le patate fritte
Il peperoncino
I piselli
La polenta
Il pomodoro
Il riso
La rughetta / la rugola
Il sedano
Gli spinaci
La zucca
Le zucchine
232
Asparagus
Broccoli
Artichokes
Carrot
Cabbage
Large, dark, leafy Italian green
Cauliflower
Chickpeas
Cucumber
Onion
Beans
Fresh green beans
Type of broad bean, often eaten fresh
Fennel
Mushrooms
Lettuce
Lentils
Eggplant
Bell peppers
Potatoes
French fried potatoes
Hot pepper / Chile pepper
Peas
Corn mush (finer grain than grits)
Tomato
Rice, specifically Italian short grain,
such as Arborio
Arugula
Celery
Spinach
Pumpkin
Zucchini (green summer squash)
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 10
Italian wines
Il vino / I vini
La carta dei vini
Vino della casa
Pregiato
Rosso
Dolce
Secco
Corposo
Costoso
Leggero
Vino bianco
Spumante
…da dessert
Wine / Wines
Wine list
House wine
Vintage wine
Red wine
Sweet red wine – Marsala and dessert
wines
Dry
Full-bodied red wine – refers to
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo, Dolcetto,
Nebbiolo, Sangiovese, Chianti Riserva,
Barbaresco, Barbara di Asti
The best (and most expensive) red
dinner wines in Italy are said to be the
Barbaresco and Barbera di Asti
Lighter red wines include Valpolicella,
Bardolino, Chianti
White wine
Sparkling – refers to Prosecco,
Spumante, Asti
Refers to sweet wines that can be white
or red, such as Moscato or Vin Santo
Practice – 11
Italian liquors
Un digestivo
Anisette
Amaretto
Strega
Galliano
Fra Angelico
Grappa
Vecchia Romagna
Liquor / After dinner drink (digestive)
Clear, licorice taste, from anise seeds
Golden color,from almonds
Herb-based liquor (lit. witch)
Yellow, flower extracts and herbs
Brown, hazelnuts, flower extracts,
berries
Clear, made from distilled grape skins
Golden brown, brandy
233
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 12
Italian desserts
Il dolce
I dolci
I biscotti
La torta
Tiramisù
Panettone
Il gelato
Il gusto del gelato
Alla vaniglia
Al cioccolato
Affogato
Il sapore
Al gusto di frutta
La granita
La crema / Zuppa inglese
Crema di caramello
Panna cotta
Il budino
Mousse al ciocolato
I cannoli
Crostata
Crostata di marmellata
Crostata alla frutta
234
Dessert
Sweets
Italian dry cookies (lit. twice baked)
Cake
Layered “cake” of ladyfinger cookies
and creamed mascarpone cheese,
flavored with coffee, cocoa liquor and
topped with cocoa powder
Cake-like sweet bread with dried fruit
served at Christmas
Ice cream (lit. frozen)
Ice cream flavor
Vanilla-flavored
Chocolate-flavored
Scoup of ice cream served “drowned”
in coffee.
Flavor / Taste
Fruit-flavored
Italian ice
Thin custard, as made in England
Caramel custard
Individual molded custard dessert
(lit. cooked cream)
Light pudding
Chocolate mousse (whipped cream
dessert).
Fried dough tubes filled with Ricotta
cheese and topped with chocolate or
pistaccio nuts (Sicilian)
Tart
Jam tart
Fruit tart
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 13
Nuts
Le noci
Le castagne
Le nocciole
Le mandorle
Il pistacchio
I pignoli
Le arachidi / Le noccioline
Nuts
Chestnuts
Hazelnuts
Almonds
Pistaccio nuts
Pine nuts
Peanuts
Practice – 14
Italian cheeses
Il formaggio
Duro / Grattugiato
Pecorino
Parmigiano-Reggiano
Duro e piccante
Provolone
Caciocavallo
Fontina
Mozzarella
Mozzarella di bufala
Gorgonzola
Molle
Ricotta
Cheese
Hard / Grated cheese
Pecorino (from Rome, also called
Pecorino-Romano in the US)
Parmesan
Firm and sharp
Provolone
Caciocavallo
White cheese that melts easily for
cooking from northern Italy
Firm, cow’s milk cheese that melts
easily
Soft, water buffalo milk cheese that can
be melted for cooking or eaten fresh
Italian blue cheese
Soft
Runny, soft white cheese eaten with a
spoon often used for cooking; made
from whey or other cheeses, or “recooked”
235
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 15
Fruits
La frutta
L’albiocca
L’ananas
L’ arancia
La banana
Il cedro
Le ciliege
Il cocomero
Il dattero
Il fico / I fichi
Le fragole
I lamponi
Il limone
Il mandarino
La mela
Il melone
Il mirtillo
La mora
La pera
La pesca
Il pompelmo
La prugna
L’uva
Un grappolo d’uva
La vendemmia
236
Fruit
Apricot
Pineapple
Orange
Banana
Lime
Cherries
Watermellon
Date
Fig / Figs
Strawberries
Raspberries
Lemon
Tangerine
Apple
Canteloupe
Blueberry
Blackberry / Mulberry
Pear
Peach
Grapefruit
Plum
Grapes
A bunch of grapes
Grape harvest
Appendix
An Italian Menu
Practice – 16
Italian coffees
Espresso
Doppio / Lungo
Ristretto
Caffè corretto
Cappucino
Caffè macchiato
Dark roasted Italian coffee.
The name “espresso,” which means,
“fast” or “quick” refers to the method of
brewing. Espresso is served in small
cups that are filled half-way.
Double espresso.
A greater amount of water for the same
amount of coffee grounds allows for a
less concentrated coffee. The espresso
cup is filled to the top.
“Restricted” espresso.
A smaller amount of water for the same
amount of coffee grounds allows for a
more concentrated coffee.
“Corrected” coffee.
A shot of brandy or other liquor is
added to the espresso coffee.
Coffee with milk, topped with foam.
The foam is made from milk under high
pressure in an espresso machine.
The drink consists of three equal parts
of espresso, warm milk, and milk foam,
and is served in a large coffee cup. This
is considered a morning coffee drink in
Italy.
Espresso served in an esspresso cup
and “marked” with a small amount of
milk foam on top. Served any time of
the day.
237

Conversational Italian for Travelers

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