disambiguating homeopathic metalanguages

DISAMBIGUATING HOMEOPATHIC METALANGUAGES
Melodia C., Rocco V., Rodriguez A.A.
LUIMO – Associazione per la Libera Università Internazionale di Medicina Omeopatica “Samuele
Hahnemann”
V.le A. Gramsci n. 18 – 80122 – Napoli – IT
[email protected]
Homeopathy starts as a neo - Hippocratic method.
Hahnemann, starting from a love act towards humanity, found the natural road to get concretes
Hippocrates hopes.
Trough pure experimentation and the clinical verification of remedies, tested following the similia
principle, He found the method in medicine to use with conscience, the Unitarian relationship between
the human being and natural environment.
Hippocrates teaching:
Hippocrates teaching has reached a universal character since it represents a noble vision especially in
ethical terms.
It is in fact easy to find, in this vision, that analogy with the human hope in the medical profession: “ to
cure the ill person”
Hippocrates thinking following Phaedrus (from Plato)
"concerning nature, examine what Hippocrates and the true reasoning tell us. It is not necessary to
think about the nature of each thing in the same way? Firstly, it is necessary to see if the object we
want to be expert about and at the same time to transform the other in the same way is simple or
complex (multiform). Secondly, whereas it will be simple, it is necessary to examine which potency
has by its own nature, to where it goes if active, or what depends on if passive. If on the contrary this
object has many forms, after having numbered them, it is necessary to examine each of those as we
have done for the unique form, to see with which form naturally acts and does, or with which form it
suffers, what suffers and depending on what it suffers”.
The relationship between systems: unity
Those general rules given by Hippocrates are today confirmed by knowledge in physics, they teach us
that the results of each research are systematically in accord with the significance of the original
intuition or the model assumed. Clearly, Hippocrates had a vision capacity out of common people, but
especially he had a conscience of the unity in nature, in which the analogical relationship
characteristic of the environment was evident to him; this has given the basis for the knowledge of
open systems, this vision inductive, experimental and descriptive, has been recovered by
Hahnemann and developed in a genius experimental and autonomous method
The unique and autonomous method in medicine : the Organon.
Hahnemann, in the Organon, more than giving references of strictly therapeutic nature, submit to the
mind of the physician to a series of questions and comparisons and trough those questions guide him
to acquire a thinking capacity lager and impartial.
This new system, characterized by the absence of bias not experimentally verifiable, and by an
autonomous capacity of observation, will lead the physician, in any case, to reach unitary explanation
as well as an autonomous operation capacity (from this “the autonomous method”). Here we want to
stress that reading Organon is intellectually satisfactory; brings the reader that simple but coherent
vision which represents the aspiration of each human being independently from being a physician.
To quote the critical capacity of Hahnemann, far from bias and deductions, reading the Cullen
Materia Medica “ how is possible that China effects are so fast passing, as effectively they are, if it
was not true that over its astringent and tonic properties, properties attributed by the medical literature
and particularly by Cullen, possesses another property (that of stimulating a certain kind of fever)?
And more “ if Cullen had identified in the China traces of its power to stimulate an artificial fever
antagonist, would have not persist to be obstinate in his explanatory method” 1
The phenomenology of pure experimentation: the similia principle.
As everybody of us know, during the Hippocratic age the similia principle had been used in an empiric
way (sulphur, arsenic, Elleborus, agaricus etc). This was possible using substances of known peculiar
toxicity, in a rough way and in small dosages.
The use of these substances following the similia principle, some times by chance, has been
appreciated during epidemic episodes and in some grave cases 2 !
Relationship and assonance
The splendid Hahnemann intuition can be found in the quality jump corresponding to the pure
experiment of ultra-molecular and dynamized substances 3 and in the Dbase of proving symptoms: the
Materia Medica.
The passage to the “immaterial and dynamized quid” has been fundamental to reveal in nature, those
potentialities of unifying assonance (for Hahnemann their “properties”) associated to substances.
“Properties” revealed after their elaboration as remedies, but only trough pure experimentation; the
clinical verification, accordingly with pure experimentation, confirms the efficacy of the methodological
system. We are here in a phenomenological and inductive field which is essentially linked to natural
philosophy, in the sense that we are in front of a unifying phenomena, including the human, but at the
same time animals, plants and minerals!
The phenomenology of pure experimentation: reading the experiment.
In the inductive research, which characterise the description of the provings results, we are reading a
phenomena that is not only of human nature but a unifying and systemic one 4 , which use the reactive
sensibility of organisms (homeostasis) to reveal it.
What is important here is that more than to recognize a defined state it is important to
1
Bradford, La nascita dell’omeopatia. Vita e lettere di Samuel Hahnemann
“Esposizione della Dottrina Medica Omeopatica – II Esempi: di guarigioni omeopatiche effettuate involontariamente dai medici
dell’antica scuola – 1833 di S.Hahnemann
3
par. 269 and note 1 Organon)
4
Ibid
2
describe a movement. The experimental event observation needs therefore a direct and simple (a
Hippocrates like) description, both from the experimenter, than from the observer.
The prover, uses, as it is natural a spoken language to describe “the change” subsequent to the
assumed drug. The description occurs in a simple, direct, natural language! It is therefore obvious that
every bias or arbitrary synthesis can excerpt its own interference in the description and in the lecture
of the experiment. By analogy the effect of the bias can be translated into the ill person understanding.
The descriptive significance of pure experimentation: spoken and unspoken language.
The alteration, or “the change” of the prover, from the health to the transient disease, coherently with
the fact that during the experiment the nature of the disease it is not known in terms of nosography,
needs necessarily a descriptive language “simple” able to show the total dynamic movement of this
change – from health to transient disease – without referenced interpretations or models or biased
concepts: every abstraction can interfere with the method.
Descriptive language starts from a free observation which uses senses and expresses itself in
a spoken and unspoken language. The spoken language tells us the perceptions, the concomitances,
the psychophysical and relational needs with our own environment.
The unspoken language is
evident to the observer which can describe behaviours, reactions, and other characteristics during the
change!
Language: between intellect and reason
The importance of medical formation and the lecture of pure experimentation.
Following Neo-Platonist philosophy, reason cannot understand the unity of things, because its
duty is to understand divisions, to put things in their order: by contrast intellect has to catch
by intuition the unity underlying multiplicity.
The description of the state of disease in the pure experiment (in Homeopathy methodology) needs
intellect and only secondarily uses reason in methodology terms. Every speculation and bias limits the
observation ground. Medical formation has this aim: to leave out bias and impartial observation!
The expression of the observer and the analogy with the ill person:
Examples:
In the Materia Medica there is a combination of descriptions and observations which explain precisely
the “change” using:
1) Proper grammar construction of complete sense where we find the presence of verbal predicate
as in:
Marked disposition to cry; sadness and crying humour, without any motivation (Puls.), but symptoms
are aggravated by consolation (Nat. m., Allen)
Marcada predisposiciòn a llorar; caràcter triste, lacrimoso, sin que haya causa para ello (Puls.), pero
los consuelos de otras personas ponen peor su males.
Or
Melancholy and sadness, with grieving ideas; uneasiness respecting the patient’s own
Condition and about business affairs, so as to become exceedingly unhappy, disgusted of life, and
even to despair of eternal salvation. (Clarke, Jahr)
2) But very often are used symptoms series, with no verbal predicate which are used to express the
most possible analogy to the described event as in the following example:
Discouragement, sadness, melancholy, trepidation, anxiety, anguish (C. carb., from Gallavardin)
Or
Great agitation and tossing of the body with anguish, inconsolable irritability, cries, tears,
groans, complaints, and reproaches. (Ac., Clarke, Jahr)
3)Prosody
The extended use of comparisons like in the above examples have another important use: in addition
to the formulation of the existential event of the person the physician has to know that perception and
senses have to be alerted to acquire also the prosody of the vocal expression of the ill person 5 , 6 .
We are speaking about that important character of the verbal and descriptive expression in terms of
the form of vocalization that can be revealed also by a grammar structure and that allows us to
distinguish a request from an order, from urgency, from intolerance, from a discomfort and defines a
specific psycho-emotional state. This vocalisation allows us to understand also an animal having
rage, lamenting or being happy.
Example:
The use of a specific terminology and the phrase construction give to us already the sensation of the
event that is occurring, which might also depend on the direct hearing of the physician, the attentive
description from the environment (family, friends)
1) Apis irritability:
Irritable, nervous, agitate, overdemanding. Suddenly screaming, not expected, penetrating, of babies
when they wake up or sleep Helleborous (Allen).
5
Fox Tree, J. E., & Meijer, P. J. A. (2000). Untrained speakers’ use of prosody in syntactic disambiguation and
listeners’ interpretations. Psychological Research, 63(1), 1-13.
6
Bryant, G. A. (1996). Musical expression and prosody: An evolutionary perspective. Paper presented at the
annual meeting of the Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Jose,
CA.
Irritable; nervoso; inquieto, nada le agrada. Gritos repentinos, agudos, penetrantes, de los ninos
cuando despiertan o al estar dormidos.
2) The hypersensitivity and irritability of Cham. During pain, wherever it is;
“….......with great sensibility to pain, which appears insupportable and induces despair.….” (Jahr,
general symptoms)
or
“involuntary hiccups and screams, agitation” (Hahnemann, Materia Medica pura).
3) the irritability of Nux vomica during pain:
“ Pains are tolerable only with strong lamentations, groans, blames, fighting”
or
“inconsolable mood with cries, screams, groans and lamentations at high voice. Blames and fighting”
(Gallavardin, mind).
4) the sweetness of Puls. during pain fear and its manifestations:
“the child laments and cries when wants to be taken or want to go to the toilet”
or
“ timidity with lamenting mood” (Gallavardin, mind).
The tools of knowledge and work of the Homeopathic doctor.
The remedy in the Dbase of Pure Materia Medica
In remedy description sensations are “completes” and are constituted of mind states linked to “will”,
“memory”, “emotions”, “moral”, to the specific physical discomfort, in dependence on external or
internal conditions. For this reason in Materia Medica symptoms or better, the suffering conditions are
expressed, as in the examples, with a complete phrase with a proper grammar construction or with a
series of signs that give the ensemble of the state.
Materia Medica symptoms represent the concomitance of more events underlying the experimental
event or in some clinical case it is a form of phenomenology of the person physiology: it is the
organism vital force movement.
The fact that these states appear together and in relation with a remedy assumption give to them a
“coherence” of manifestation also as a temporal pattern.
It is to note however that Materia Medica has undergo has been forced to be compact because of
analytic reason.
In fact the experimental events are analysed and subdivided following categories: generalities,
mind, head, skin, etc.
Areas subdivision if not strictly specified and explained give a first artificial separation of a
complex and complete state: every symptom has a mind associated state and vice-versa. This is the
reason why we found mind symptoms in other categories or physical in mind categories.
For example:
(Aconitum): restless, agitation, anxiety, he do every think in a hurry; has to change position
frequently; afraid for everything (Mind, Allen).
Inquietud, ansiedad, todas las cosas las hacen con apresuriamento; necessita cambiar de posìcion
con frequienzia; todo le sobresalta.
(Arsenicum): Anxiety, restlessness, and excessive anguish which allows no rest, principally in
the evening in bed, or in the morning on waking, and often with trembling, cold sweat,
oppression of the chest, difficulty of breathing, and fainting fits.(Mind, C., Jahr).
(Ignatia): sadness and concentrated sorrow with sighing. (Mind, Jahr).
(Lachesis): Headache, with congestion of blood, sparking before the eyes, drowsiness, shivering and
inclination to lie down, or with nausea and vomiting.(Head:Jahr).
From these examples it is clear the Unitarian relation, coherent and temporal between different
apparatus. It is therefore clear that the reasons to separate in chapters the symptoms is forced, when
on the other side it is evident the vital force movement includes more chapters!
The ill person indivualisation
It appears therefore important to maintain the complexity of the person reaction also at the level of the
ill person analysis to have a precise idea of the movement of the vital force, allowing also to better
precise remedy research, by the analogy between the ill person story and the Dbase of Materia
Medica. Using therefore the inductive and not the deductive method, but especially a method that
maintain the complexity of the reaction of the ill person (or the experimenter), paying attention to avoid
common symptoms or categories (anxiety, depression, fear, stress etc) and pointing out only those
symptoms described in:
Symptom series or with a complete grammar construction or at the relation between symptoms or to
temporal pattern between those individuated on more levels.
For this reason it is necessary to get profoundly in the biopathography of the person to know
how vital force moves and to verify how its dynamics evolves till the actual state.
By consequence, each attempt to separate symptoms series or descriptions with summarizing
phrases or limiting a complex and peculiar reaction in a generic category represents a limitation of the
method and diminish the possibility to recognize the real suffering of the ill person and get the right
remedy.
Diagnosis in Homeopathy it is not nosographic but analogical to the remedy.
Remedy picture.
We observe at the end that the Materia Medica study and the clinical verifications have given to the
great Masters the ability to describe the picture of the remedy as we were speaking about a person
living a definite ill state.
It seems to us however that if we are not Masters, it seems more correct knowing than
recognizing.
In fact the biased idea of the remedy might push the physician to include or assume only the
observations that are compatible with the remedy picture and leave out the other information that
could be the real characteristics of the ill person.
And this is especially true when we consider affinities between remedies, which are possible to
differentiate just by nuances.
Repertory: significance and use
Repertory, is a synthesis, perhaps the extreme synthesis, among the tools of the Homeopaths.
Here we stay with Kent observation that since it is impossible to memorize Materia Medica, a repertory
has been used as a primary guide. All Masters, including Hahnemann had understood the need of a
repertory. The Kent repertory is one of the first to collect a large number of informations.
Even Kent however clearly states that Repertory can be used only when Materia Medica is really well
known.
At present time there are many different repertories and the number of symptoms increases
every day some times in an uncontrolled way.
Repertories might help if well used, as Kent suggests.
On the other side, the simple statistical use of repertory for assessing the number of
“symptoms” individuated, might really create a misleading approach to the ill person.
The evidence of loss of specificity of the ill person, during repertory research, although with
modalities, is exemplified by the fact that “more the symptoms are generic, more remedies are
present in the specific theme”.
If we consider “Anxiety, fear with” and look at remedies present in 3° degree, we can verify in
Materia Medica, that although we rest in the theme (“Anxiety fear, with”), there is a precise
characterisation, remedy by remedy that can arrive to describe a movement that in some cases
implicate the entire organism.
It interesting to observe also that when the state “Anxiety, fear with” is expressed not literally,
but by sense giving, since might arises as a paroxistic expression of a specific event and
therefore seems unlikely to create a field for “anguish”.
Typically instead, Materias Medicas are more complete and give a better and complete picture
of that state, including emotional, will, physical concomitant or scattered temporally states.
Arsenicum
*anxious, fear, restless, full of anguish.
*anxious fear of death, thinks that is useless to assume medicines, believes that there is no
remedy, he/she is sure to die.
*as strong is the sufferance, as strong is anguish; agitated and fear of death.
*violent event of anguish, with lamenting due to a ventral pain which disturbs respiration and constrain
to crouch and get up and walk around.
*heart anguish with fainting, cold perspiration on the face.
*Fear, some times with excessive anguish and perspiration. (Allen).
Ansioso, temeroso, inquieto, lleno de angustia.
Mientras màs son los sufrimientos, mayor es la angustia, inquietud, y temor a la muerte.
Temor ansioso a la muerte, piensa que es inutìl que tome medicinas, cree no tener rimedio, es
seguo que se va a morir, temor a la muerte, cuando està solo o se va a ad acostar(Allen).
Anxious and restless, frequently changing their position, full of fear of death; hence their not
wish to be left alone for fears they will die.(Farrington)
Causticum
*anxiety access, restlessness and great anguish, during body sufferance, as in the hearth
region, as for a bad new.
*at each event, fear, anguish, apprehension, (Stannum).
*fear at night, in the evening, with fear ideas; in the presence of a dog, anguish and fear till
trembling (Gallavardin).
Psorinum
Anxious, full of fears; bad feelings: despair for saving his soul; despair of healing; fear of
death; fear to fail in affaire; during climacteric; transform his life and that of the people around
him intolerable. (Allen).
Ansioso, lleno de temor; prognostica el mal. Desespera de su salvaciòn, de su alivio.
Desanimado; teme de morir; teme fracasar en sus negocios; durante la edad critica; hace la
vita intolerable su vida y la de las personas che lo rodean.
How to understand Repertory use in function of the Materia Medica.
Some years ago, at LUIMO we started a systematic attempts to restructure Kent’s repertory
work, by the comparison of MM for the most important 500 symptoms of his repertory.
The aim is to verify and reorganize starting from a solid MM base and the classic Kent
repertory the relation between these two tools. Taking in mind that this work has to be realised
because of an objective didactic need and an essential need to better the confidence on
Repertories on the epistemic plan.
Methodology
Kent organised the rubrics of his repertory starting from MM.
We have starter from the main repertory symptoms to link them to the real MM description.
For data collection we have used the following MM:
1) COMPARACIONES DE ALGUNOS MEDICAMENTOS DE LA MATERIA MEDICA
HOMEOPATICA notas caracteristicas Dr.H.C.Hallen.
2) MATERIA MEDICA WITH REPERTORY Boerike.
3) DICTIONARY OF PRACTICAL MATERIA MEDICA J.H. Clarke.
4) MATERIA MEDICA OMEOPATICA H. Duprat .
5) CLINICAL MATERIA MEDICA by Farrington.
6)PSYCHISME ET HOMEOPATHIE CON PATOGESI PSICHICHE Di S. HAHNEMANN. DOCTEUR
JEAN-PIERRE GALLAVARDIN.
7)MANUALE DELLA MATERIA MEDICA OMEOPATICA Jahr.
8) L’OMEOPATIA NELLE MALATTIE ACUTE Leon Vannier.
9)TEXT BOOK OF MATERIA MEDICA Lippe.
10) LECTURES ON HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA by Kent.
Remedies examined per rubric
We took all the Kent remedies of the 3° degree. When in the rubric there were not 3° degree
remedies, we then took 2° or 1°degree remedies.
We have added also remedies that were not signalled by Kent, when Materia Medica indicated
it and we have explained why. Every remedy has been indicated with the original Kent’s
graphics.
The “simple” job is to find in Materia Medica the correspondence of that Repertory
symptom extending the significance of the ill state as described in the Materia Medica.
For example, for a remedy indicated in the “Fear” rubric we have looked into Materias Medicas
all the series of pathogenetic and clinical symptom descriptions that could precise the
condition of that “fear”.
In general we found many nuances of the same symptom, as expected.
We have divided two classes of phrases:
a) analogy for literal (identical) expression. These are MM phrases in which the term of the
repertory appears. For example when we find “fear” in the MM we put it in bold types.
b) Analogy for sense expression. These are MM phrases in which the Repertory term does not
appear, but the entire phrase gives the idea that the state is present.
For each phrase is referenced the author so that it is possible to go back to the MM.
Seems to us evident that as more Materias Medicas contain a similar expression as more we
are confident about the symptom. In this case more MM references are indicated.
Very often we have found that an author reports only a part of an entire symptom series,
relative to another which shows the phrase entirely. In this case we cut the phrase to indicate
the authority, as in the following example of irritability in Aconitum:
Acon.
Analogy for literal expression
Sensitive irritability(C.,L). The least noise, even music, appears insupportable(J.,C.).
Humour changeable; at one time sad, depressed, irritable, and despairing; at another time
gay, excited, full of hope, and disposed to sing and dance(J.,C.).
Other example to show analogies by identical and by sense (graphites/fear):
Graph.
Analogy for literal expression
Timidity, demur, irresolute, timorous and prudent, apprehensive(D).
Fear. Irritability and uneasiness. Easy fear and tired nerves (G).
Anxious fear of an approaching misfortune(Lippe)
Analogy for sense expression
Apprehensive, despondency, indecision(Boerike)
Great susceptibility to impressions. – tendency to be frightened(Jahr, Clarke)
“Impatient” in Ignatia (3°). We show here the reactive peculiarities of Ignatia and the
authorities. Many authors report the same symptom series.
Ign.
Analogy for literal expression
Inconstant, impatient, irresolute, contentious (A).
Inconstante, impaciente, irresoluto, pendenciero(Allen).
Impatience. The least contradiction excites rage and passion, with redness of the face(Jahr,
Clarke).
Analogy for sense expression
The slightest contradiction irritates(Gallavardin, Lippe) (G.,L), bring to scream and cry (G)
ANXIETY FUTURE ABOUT
Chin.s.
Analogy for sense expression (?).
Fits of anxiety; great anguish, sometimes in the morning while in bed, obliging the patient to
get up sooner than he would otherwise wish, or soon after midnight, with cries, and necessity
for getting up.
Great moral depression; speechless melancholy, discouragement; inclination to weep and to
despair(Clarke).
Nota(NDA): Chininum sulphuricum, although reported of 3° degree in the Kent repertory, it is
not present in Kent’s Materia Medica. Only Clarke reports mind symptoms above described;
these mind symptoms do not seem to us to contain anxiety future about!
Data and ongoing conclusions
We have, as we have described above, in that way looked at 111 mind symptoms of the Kent
repertory. Most of the remedies looked at are of the 3° degree. Below are shown some symptoms in
this way analysed.
We made some observations on the structure and organisation of the repertory and Materias Medicas.
We list them:
1) Symptoms from the Repertory in the MM analysed are not often present in an explicit
form. Very often in MM there are expressions which may give a sense correspondence.
2) Not all these classic Materias Medicas report the symptom series including a specific
Repertory term or even the same expression although reported on the Repertory as
“frequent”;
3) In some cases what for Repertory are symptoms, for Materias Medicas are primary
causations (love, ailments from, disappointed) meaning that the R remedy does not
express the patient peculiar reaction and therefore it isn’t useful without Materias
Medicas verification;
4) Symptoms appearing specifically in acute or chronic states are indistinguishable (ex:
indifference);
5) For the same symptom in the repertory there are several nuances of experimental and
clinical manifestations inside even the same remedy.
6) Symptoms in rubrics are necessarily isolated and synthetic and do not indicate the very
important dynamic concomitances existing on several levels, that may correlate
different rubrics at the same time as shown;
7) Different Materias Medicas do not even report superimposable experimental and clinical
expressions for the same symptom. When the experimental and clinical is
superimposable we can be confident about the symptom, for the others we should pay
some attention, because they might refer to other symptom references;
8) In some cases the symptom appeared in the Materia Medica but was absent in the
repertory, so we had to put inside, even if they were at the 3° degree;
9) In Repertories mind symptoms are isolated, in Materia Medica, some mind symptoms
are consequences of a physical event and vice-versa
10) Concatenation of symptom series is not allowed in Repertory, so that the prosody
language (by means the movement of the vital force) is not allowed “Anxiety, Fear and
Anguish”.
Our observations, strongly indicates a need to disambiguates Repertory symptoms by
comparisons between Materias Medicas and Repertories. The significance of this work to improve
correct teaching, learning and effectiveness of Homeopathy stays.
“Fear insanity of”
Lyss.
Not
present in
the rubric
Medh.
(not
present in
the rubric)
Analogy for literal expression
Lyssofobia: fear becoming made(Allen, Boerike, Duprat).Emotions and bad news
aggravate; also, thinking of fluids(Boerike).
Lisofobia; temor de volverse loco(Allen).
Lyssofobia; paura di diventare pazzo(A.,B.,D).Le emozioni e le cattive notizie aggravano;
come anche pensando ai liquidi(B).
Analogy for literal expression
Fears going insane. (Boerike)
Paura di diventare pazzo ( Manc.), (B).
Hallucinations with impressions of unreality, of nightmares and fear going insane
Allucinazioni con impressione di irrealtà, d’incubo e paura di impazzire; spavento
svegliandosi(D).
Analogy for sense expression.
Thinks some one is behind her, hears whispering. Sees faces that peer at her from behind
the furniture (Phos.). everything seems unreal(Alum.)(Kent). Wild desperate feeling as if
incipient insanity(Clarke, Kent).
Pensa che qualcuno sia dietro di lei; sente bisbigliare. Vede facce che la scrutano da dietro i
mobili (Phos.). Ogni cosa sembra irreale (Alum.)(K). Sensazione incontrollata e disperata di
un’incipiente pazzia(C.,K).
“Indifference” an entire rubric.
Apis
Analogy for literal expression
Apathy, indifference, and unconsciousness. Stupor, with sudden sharp cries and starting,
stupor alternating with erotic mania( Boerike).
Apatia indifferenza ed incoscienza-Stupore con fitta improvvisa grida e sobbalzi- Stupore
alternato con mania erotica(B.).
Indifference.- Torpor and apathy. – Loss of consciousness(Clarke)
Indifferenza- Torpore ed apatia-Perdita di coscienza (Clarke).
Distraction and clumsy, complete indifference also to happy events (apathy and
unconsciousness of infectious states) (D)
Distrazione e maldestrezza, indifferenza completa anche ad avvenimenti felici ( apatia ed
incoscienza degli stati infettivi)(D).
Absolutely indifferent to everything that would make her happy or joyful. (Kent).
Assolutamente indifferente ad ogni cosa che doveva renderla felice e gioiosa(K).
Analogy for sense expression.
Idiotism state (Gallavardin).
Carb-v.
Analogy for literal expression
Cerebral confusion, especially during morning, difficulties to forget dreams. Dullness and
indolence moral and intellectual, lazy, absolute indifference to any thing (acute states
especially) (Duprat)
Confusione cerebrale, specie al risveglio mattutino, difficoltà a liberarsi del sogno. Torpore ed
indolenza morale e intellettuale, pigrizia, indifferenza assoluta ad ogni cosa( specie negli
stati acuti)(D).
Analogy for sense expression.
Memory weakness (Allen) slowness of apprehension (Allen, Jahr, Clarke) aversion to
labour(Clarke).
Debolezza della memoria(A), lentezza nell’andamento delle idee(A.,J., C.), avversione al
lavoro (Clarke)
Memory weak, forgives what is going on in that same moment (G)
Memoria debole e oblio di quanto è accaduto in quel momento stesso(G).
Chin.
Analogy for literal expression .
Indifference, apathy, disgusting for conversation (Gallavardin)
Indifferenza, apatia, ripugnanza per la conversazione(Gallavardin).
Apathy, indifference, uncommunicative (Phos. ac.)(Allen)
Apatico, indifferente, taciturno(Phos. ac.)(Allen).
Apatica, indiferentes, taciturnas(Phos.ac.)(Allen).
Very irritable, especially in the night; hates to be seen, otherwise is apathetic, indifferent,
uncommunicative, discouraged (Duprat)
Molto irritabile specie di notte; detesta di essere guardato, è per il resto apatico, indifferente,
taciturno, scoraggiato(Duprat).
Indifference and apathy (Lippe).Disposition to be alone( Clarke, Lippe)
Indifferenza ed apatia(L). Disposizione a restare da solo(C.,L).
He is apathetic, indifferent, low spirited, silent, disinclined to think(Kent).
È apatico, indifferente, avvilito, silenzioso, riluttante a pensare(K).
Analogy for sense expression.
Obstinate silence, he refuses to answer. Taciturn gloominess and concentration on his/her
own. Peevishness, with lamenting, sighing and aversion to conversation. He just want
continuously to stay sitting or in the bed. Repugnancy for any physical and intellectual effort,
some times with sleepiness (Gallavardin).
Silenzio ostinato, ci si rifiuta assolutamente di rispondere- Tetraggine taciturna e
concentrazione in se. Scontrosità, con lamenti, sospiri e avversione per la conversazione.
Continua voglia di starsene seduto o a letto. Ripugnanza per qualsiasi sforzo fisico ed
intellettuale, a volte con sonnolenza (Gallavardin).
Hell.
Analogy for sense expression.
*Loss of consciousness, stupid, obtuse
*Privo di coscienza, stupido, ebete.
* answers slowly when is questioned; a picture of acute idiocy ( chronic idiocy, Bar. C)
*Risponde lentamente quando è interrogato; un quadro di idiozia acuta ( di idiozia cronica,
Bar. c.).
Perdita del conoscimento; estùpido; responde lentamente cuando se le pregunta; la imagen
del idiotismo agudo( de idiotismo crònico Bar. c.).
*Blank look, without thoughts; open eyes; insensitive to light; dilated pupils or alternatively
contracted and dilated (Allen)
*Sguardo vacuo, senza pensieri; occhi spalancati; insensibili alla luce; pupille dilatate o
alternativamente contratte e dilatate (Allen).
*Mirada vaga sin pensiamiento; ojos pienamente abiertos; insensibile a la luz, pupilas
dilatadas y contaìdas alternativamente(Allen).
Slow answering. Thoughtless (Boerike).
Lento nelle risposte. Completa incoscienza(B).
Melancholy, taciturn – Indolence. –Obstinate silence. – stupidity and want of reflection
(C.,J.,L.,G.) , with thoughtless) (Clarke) fixedness of look on one single point (C.,J.,G.) many
lamentations and inability to think(C.)
Melanconia Taciturna -Inerzia- Silenzio ostinato – Stupidità ed incapacità a riflettere(C.,J.,L.,
G) (con completa incoscienza)(C.) e sguardo fisso su un solo punto (J., C., G), molti lamenti
ed inabilità a pensare(C.).
Lil-t
Analogy for literal expression .
*Profound depression of spirit, hardly avoid weeping; she is very timid, fearful and weep a lot;
indifferent to what is done for her.
* indifferent, listless, but cannot stay quiet; restless but he does not want to walk; he has to
stay occupied to repress sexual desire (Allen)
*Profonda depressione dello spirito, a stento evita di piangere; è molto timida, timorosa e
piange molto; indifferente a quello che si fa per lei.
*indifferente, svogliato, tuttavia non riesce a stare tranquillo; irrequieto tuttavia non vuole
camminare; deve tenersi occupato per reprimere il desiderio sessuale(A).
Profunda depresìon del espìritu; apenas puede evitar el llanto; es muy timida, temerosa y
llora mucho; indifferente para lo que por ella se haga.
Negligente, aun cuando no puede permanecer en sosiego;inquieta, tuttavia no tiene
necesidad de andar; necesidad de estar ocupada para poder reprimir el deseo sexual(Allen).
Mez.
Analogy for literal expression .
Hypochondriac and desperate; indifferent to any thing and to any person; choleric for trifles
and completely inoffensive things, but he regrets having done this (Allen)
Ipocondriaco e disperato; indifferente a ogni cosa e a ogni persona; collerico per inezie e
per cose perfettamente innocue,ma è subito dispiaciuto di questo(A).
Ipocondriaco y desanimado; indiferente a todo y para todos; se encoleriza por bagatelas y
cosas enteramente inofensivas, pero pronto se arrempiente de ello(Allen).
Absent minded till fecklessness, memory weak, especially concerning recent facts;
indifference toward everything and every person, even their own (Duprat).
Distratti sino all’incoscienza,deboli di memoria, soprattutto per quanto concerne gli
avvenimenti recenti; indifferente verso tutto e tutti, anche verso loro stessi(D).
*Indifference about every thing and everybody around him. Aversion to talk, it seem to him
to be hard work to utter one word.(Clarke, Lippe).
*Indifferenza per ogni cosa e per ogni persona che lo circonda – *Avversione a parlare; ha
la sensazione di compiere un duro lavoro nel dire una parola(C., L).
NB. Kent refers that those mind symptoms appear after cutaneous eruption suppression, and
in the same way appear deeper body symptoms (NDA).
Nat-c
Analogy for literal expression .
Timid, indifferent, but affective, agitated and trembling, especially in the presence of
immediate noises of rainstorms, playing piano, during pains (Duprat)
Timidi, indifferenti, però emotivi, agitati e tremanti, soprattutto in occasione di rumori
improvvisi di temporali, suonando il piano, durante i dolori (D).
Analogy for sense expression.
Unable to think (A.,B); o organise any mind work (A.); causing headache (A., D.) feels
bemused if he tries to exercise mind (A); low and difficult comprehension (A, B)
Incapacità a pensare(A.,B); o ad organizzare qualsiasi lavoro mentale(A.); che causa
cefalea(A.,D); si sente stupefatto se prova ad esercitarsi mentalmente(A); comprensione
lenta, difficile(A.,B).
Unfitness for intellectual labour and meditation, which fatigue the head(J.,C)
Incapacità al lavoro intellettuale ed alla meditazione che stanca il capo(J., C).
Apathy and absence of any interest
• Stupidity, look in front without thinking to anything;
• Often as dizzy senses (G)
Apatia e mancanza di interesse.
 Istupidito, guarda davanti a se senza pensare a nulla.
 Sensi spesso come storditi.(G).
Nat-m
Analogy for literal expression .
Indifference, laconic speech, moroseness, and unfitness for labour(J.,C).Prefer to be
alone(C.).
Indifferenza, laconismo, ottusità ed incapacità al lavoro.(J, C).Infelice, taciturno. – Preferisce
restare da solo(C.).
Great indifference and disinterest. Unable to brighten. Hard moods. Laconic. The patient
answers with a resented mood only (G)
Grande indifferenza e disinteresse. Incapacità di rallegrarsi. Durezza di modi. Laconicità. Il
malato non risponde che con aria risentita. (G).
Joyless, indifferent, taciturn(L).
Infelice, indifferente, taciturno(L).
Natr.p
Analogy for literal expression
He is indifferent to everything, even to his family. A gradual increasing indolence; a dread of
mental and physical work. Prostration of mind. Memory weak (K).
È indifferente ad ogni cosa. Anche alla propria famiglia. Graduale aumento dell’indolenza;
terrore del lavoro mentale e fisico. Prostrazione della mente. Debolezza della memoria. (K).
Nit.ac
Analogy for literal expression
A general indifference to all matters; tired of life; has no enjoyment in anything; < before
menses (K).
Una indifferenza generale verso ogni cosa; stanco della vita; non trova gioia in nulla; <
prima delle mestruazioni(K).
Nux-v.
Analogy for literal expression
Indifferent and unmovable in the middle of sufferance he feels (Gallavardin)
È indifferente e inamovibile in mezzo alle sofferenze che prova(G).
Onos.
Analogy for sense expression.
Depressed or lost sexual desire in both sexes. General prostration. Want of power of
concentration and co-ordination (B).
Produce diminuzione del desiderio sessuale in entrambi i sessi. Prostrazione generale.
Perdita della forza di concentrazione e di coordinazione (B).
*Wants to think and not move, and thinks until she forgets everything and where is. Listless
and apathetic. Forgetful; that he is reading, and he drops the book in vague and listless
thought (C).
*Vuole pensare e non riesce, e pensa fino a quando dimentica ogni cosa ed anche dove si
trova.
*Disattento e apatico. Dimentica; leggendo un libro diventa disattento e viene assorbito in
pensieri vaghi e svogliati(C.).
Op.
Analogy for literal expression
Carelessness, or great anxiety and uneasiness (C., J.)
Non curanza ovvero grande affanno ed inquietezza (C.,J).
Quiet indifference towards mundane things, they do not have any value because of the
ecstasies of imagination (G)
Quieta indifferenza verso le cose terrene, l’estasi dell’immaginazione fa sì che esse non
abbiano valore alcuno(G).
Stupid indifference; imbecility (L).
Indifferenza ottusa; imbecillità(L).
Analogy for sense expression.
Patient wants nothing. Complete loss of consciousness; apoplectic state. Unable to
understand o appreciate his sufferings (B).
Il paziente non vuole nulla. Completa perdita della coscienza; stato apoplettico. Incapace di
valutare la propria sofferenza(B).
Ph-ac.
Silent concentration on himself – He does not recognize his familiars, nor remember the
names of the most simple objects (G)
Concentrazione silenziosa in se stesso. –Non riconosce più i suoi, ne ricorda i nomi degli
oggetti più semplici (G).
Analogy for literal expression.
Indifferent, apathetic; indifferent to things of life; prostrated and stupefied with pain and
affliction towards things that were of great interest before, especially if aggravated by
weakness and emaciation.
Esta indiferente, apatico, indiferente en los assuntos de la vida; prostrado y estefacto con
el pesar, indiferente a aquellas cosas que son de màs interes, sobre todo si hay debilitad y
enflaquecimiento(Allen)
È indifferente, apatico; indifferente alle cose della vita; prostrato e stupefatto con dolore ed
afflizione, di fronte a quelle cose che erano solite essere di grande interesse, specialmente
se aggravato da debolezza ed emaciazione (A).
Apathetic, indifferent(B)
Apatico, indifferente(B).
Great indifference. – A complete indifference to everything; not a soporous delirium, or an
irritable condition, but simply an indifferent state of mind to all things; patient does not want
anything, not to speak, shows no interest in the outside world ( may occur in any disease, in
fevers of very low type)(C.)
Grande indifferenza. – Completa indifferenza per ogni cosa; non si tratta di un delirio
soporoso o una condizione di irritabilità, ma semplicemente di uno stato di indifferenza
mentale per ogni cosa; il paziente non vuole nulla, non parla, non prova interesse nel mondo
esterno( può verificarsi in ogni malanno, in febbri molto leggere)(C.)
Great indifference to anything, also to his own affaire; needs not to speak and that nobody
speak to him; aversion to society; nostalgic (D)
Grande indifferenza a tutto, anche ai propri affari; bisogno di non parlare e che non gli si
parli; avversione per la società; nostalgia(D).
He speaks poorly and answer to questions with no pleasure – silent indifference with a
tendency to put his fingers in the nose (G)
Parla poco e risponde alle domande solo con malavoglia. – Indifferenza silenziosa con
tendenza a cacciarsi le dita nel naso. (G).
Perfect indifference. Silent sadness. Indifference, thoughtlessness, stupidity. Disinclination
to talk, even to answer question (L).
Perfetta indifferenza. Tristezza silenziosa. Indifferenza, assenza di pensieri, stupidità.
Avversione a parlare o anche a rispondere ad una domanda(L).
Phos.
Analogy for literal expression.
Hypo-sensitive- indifferent.
Insensibile, indifferente(B).
Great indifference to everything and even to patient’s own family. Great apathy; very
sluggish; dislike to talk; answer slowly or not at all.
Grande indifferenza per qualunque cosa, ed anche per i suoi prossimi(J.,C).Grande apatia,
molta pigrizia, non gradisce parlare; risponde lentamente o non a tutto(C.).
Great affectivity for everything; every joyful impression is followed by hot as one being
immersed in hot water. By contrast, a state of great indifference towards family, his/her own
children; sad, dumbness, dullness of life with dark premonitions, moral dejection with
thoughts of death (D)
Grande emotività: ogni impressione gioiosa è seguita da calore, come se si fosse immersi in
acqua calda. All’opposto, stato di grande indifferenza verso la famiglia, i propri figli;
tristezza, mutismo, tristezza della vita con cupi presentimenti; abbattimento morale con
pensiero di morte (D).
World seems intolerable, only weeping gives relief, with posthumous indifference and
averseness (G)
Il mondo sembra insopportabile, solo il pianto da sollievo, con indifferenza ed antipatie
postume(G).
Apathy or indifference; indifferent to hi friends and surroundings. Indifferent to his
children. Answers no questions, takes no notice of his family and things about him, answer
slowly, thinks sluggishly, seem dazed or in a stupor (K).
Apatia o indifferenza; indifferente ai suoi amici e circostanze. Indifferente verso i propri
figli. Non risponde alle domande, non si interessa alla propria famiglia e pensa a se stesso,
risponde lentamente, pigro nel pensare, sembra intontito o in uno stato di stupore(K).
Plat.
Analogy for literal expression.
Apathetic indifference and absence of mind. Pride of self- conceit, with contempt for others,
even for those who are usually most beloved and respected; < indoors, > in open air and
sunshine (J., C).
Indifferenza apatica e distrazione - Orgoglio ed eccessiva buona opinione di se stesso, con
disdegno per tutti gli altri, anche per quelli che venerano e amano di più, soprattutto nella
stanza, meno all’aria aperta ed al sole(J., C).
Great indifference (L).
Grande indifferenza (L).
Analogy for sense expression.
Chilly character, absence of interests for friend’s companionship and in the open air. Pride,
arrogant, to high opinion of himself, contempt for the all the rest, including most sacred and
loved things. Disdain and contempt for the most decent persons (G).
Carattere gelido, mancanza di interessi per la compagnia di amici e all’aria aperta. Orgoglio,
fierezza, opinione troppo alta di se stesso, con disprezzo per tutto il resto, comprese le cose
più sacre ed amate. Disdegno e disprezzo per le persone più rispettabili. (G).
Puls.
Analogy for literal expression
Great indifference and absence of joy, nothing give pleasure and nothing gives sorrow (G)
Grande indifferenza e mancanza di gioia, niente fa piacere e niente fa pena(G).
Analogy for sense expression.
Retired in a corner, with the hands folded without speaking
Taciturn humour, as she was the only at home and in the world (G)
Ci si ritira in un angolo, le mani giunte senza parlare.
Umore taciturno, come se si fosse sola a casa e al mondo(G).
Sep.-
Analogy for literal expression.
Great indifference, even to one’s family (A., G., L.); his own occupations (fluo. Ac., Phos.
Ac.); toward her most loved persons (A).
Indifferente: anche verso i propri familiari(A.,G.,L); alle proprie occupazioni (Fl.ac.,
Phos.ac.); verso le persone che ama maggiormente(A).
Indifferent to those love best (B).
Indifferenza verso coloro che aveva amato maggiormente(B).
Profound indifference towards all and everything, work, profession, the members of his own
family, his own children (D)
Indifferenza profonda verso tutti e tutto, il lavoro, la professione, i membri della propria
famiglia, i propri figli(D).
She manifests a condition of perfect indifference. She does not care for her household
affairs, or even for her own family(F).
Manifesta una condizione di perfetta indifferenza. Non si prende cura degli affari di famiglia,
o anche della sua stessa famiglia(F).
Indifference for everything and even for his dears (J, C, G). he does not have interest to
anything nor has pleasure to be elegant (G)
Indifferenza per ogni cosa ed anche per i suoi prossimi (J,C,G). Non nutre più interesse a
nulla ne ha piacere ad essere elegante(G).
Analogy for sense expression.
Melancholy, sits and says nothing; taciturn, answers questions in monosyllables when
pressed to answer. An absence of all joy, inability for the delightful things of life; no joy; life
has nothing for her(K).
He thinks to go to shelter in a far place and to leave everything, his darlings and his affairs.
Thinks that his mission has concluded. Absence of interest and apathy (G).
Medita di andare a rifugiarsi in un luogo lontano e di abbandonare tutto, i propri cari e gli
affari. Pensa che la sua missione sia conclusa. Mancanza di interesse e apatia.(G).
Melancholy, sits and does not say anything; taciturn; answer to questions with monosyllables
when pushed to answer. A state of absence of any joy; unable to realise that things are real;
all things seems strange; no sympathy for the delicious delightful of life; no joy, life does not
offer anything (K)
Malinconia, siede e non dice nulla; taciturna; risponde alle domande con monosillabi quando
pressati a rispondere. Uno stato di assenza di ogni gioia, incapacità a realizzare che le cose
sono reali; tutte le cose sembrano strane; nessuna simpatia per le cose deliziose della vita;
nessuna gioia; la vita non le offre niente(K).
Staph.
Analogy for literal expression .
Apathetic, indifferent, depressed, week memory due to sexual excesses (Anac., Aur., Nat.,
Phos.ac.)(A).
Apatico, indifferente, depresso, di memoria debole per eccessi sessuali (Anac., Aur., Nat.,
Phos.ac.)(A).
Apàtico, indiferente, deprimido, dèbil de memoria a consequencia de los abusos sexuales
(Anac., Aur., Nat., Phos.ac.)(A).
Hypochondriac humour, with indifference to everything(J.,C) after onanism (C).
Umore ipocondriaco con indifferenza per ogni cosa(J.,C)dopo onanismo(C.).
Great indifference with hypochondriac humour and desire of death. phlegmatic indifference
of the soul, dejection(G)
Grande indifferenza con umore ipocondriaco e desiderio della morte. Indifferenza
flemmatica dello spirito, abbattimento(G).
Hypochondriac indifference after onanism(L).
Indifferenza ipocondriaca( dopo onanismo)(L).
“ indifferent, low-spirited, dullness of mind after onanism”(K).
“Indifferente, abbattuto, ottusità della mente dopo onanismo”(K).
Sulph.
Analogy for literal expression .
Melancholy with great inclination to philosophical and religious speculation; with anxiety
about the salvation and great indifference to the welfare of others(L).
Malinconia, con grande inclinazione alle speculazioni filosofiche e religiose; con ansietà circa
la salvezza dell’anima, e grande indifferenza verso il bene degli altri(L).
At present time we have done this for 111 mind symptoms of the Kent repertory, expressed as
in the above table, indicated by Kent as essential for the homeopathic prescription.
Work in progress!