Electromobility Analysis

Electromobility Analysis
In Veneto Region
Part 2
Ph.D. Eng. Mattia Morandin
Electric Drives Laboratory - University of Padova
[email protected]
Abstract
In order to reduce urban pollution, the introduction in the Italian and European market of hybrid
and electric vehicles, designed for the passengers transport, seems to be a great opportunity, especially
for electric vehicles that are characterized by zero emission and low acoustic noise. For this reason the
electromobility will have a significant importance in the future sustainable mobility.
This report shows the state of the art in the electromobility development trends in Veneto Region. This
analysis has highlighted the new opportunities the applications in the electromobility field especially for the
company and research institutions of Veneto Region. In particular, an internet research has been carried
out with the aim to identify relevant companies and research institutes in the electromobility sector in
Veneto Region. Furthermore with the aim to better understand the companies and research institutions
involvement in the electromobility field, a questionnaire has been delivered. In addition, in order to identify
the stakeholders and relevant opportunities in the electromobility field in the Veneto Region a workshop in
this topic has been organized. The seminar results have been summarized. The principal workshop topics
were: electromobility opportunity in Veneto Region, battery, electric drive, energy storage control unit, and
light electric vehicle. At the end of the work some relevant company and research institution stakeholders
in the electromobility field have been interviewed.
The research report has been written on the basis of the data collected from the sources listed below; for
most of them there are already contacts thanks to the author research experience during Ph.D. course and
his involvement in a Regional project in the electromobility field.
Index Terms
Electromobility, Sustainable Mobility, Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Vehicle, Veneto Region.
This research report has been financed in the frame of “AKKU4FUTURE” Project - “INTERREG IV ITALIA-AUSTRIA” Program.
1
I. I NTRODUCTION AND M OTIVATION
IN
THE RECENT years the increasing cost of oil and the Earth global warming due to greenhouse
gases have pushed the scientific research, the governments and thus the markets in the direction of
a higher efficiency vehicles - hybrid or electric vehicles - in order to reduce the use of fuel and therefore
its associated emissions.
In this scenario, nowadays the research in electromobility (EMob) field is more attractive.
With this historical context, this research report is focused on the study of the electromobility state of
art and the impact of this particular type of mobility in the population habits and in the company strategies
in the Veneto Region area.
In particular, this research is carried out within a Project funded under the “INTERREG IV ITALIAAUSTRIA” Program, called “AKKU4FUTURE”. The aim of this Project is the development of a diagnostic
tool specific for batteries (state of charge, capacity, the level of wear), with the aim to allow the final user
to properly use the accumulators.
The distinctive features of the “AKKU4FUTURE” Project are:
• development of a diagnostic tool able to identify the aging effects and possible fault causes of the
battery cells;
• contribution to find an active recycling process of batteries, by using a system able to monitor the
status of the individual cells and which allows the modular construction of batteries;
• contribution to the development of innovative and sustainable technology sectors, resulting in improving the competitiveness of the Italy-Austria area.
The Partnership of the project is composed by: Fraunhofer Research Italy (Lead Partner), Fachhochschule
Kärnten, Carinthia Entwicklungsagentur, Techno Innovation South Tyrol (TIS), and t2 i Trasferimento
Tecnologico ed Innovazione.
Although in the international literature there are several books [1]–[4] and articles [5]–[7] that discuss
about electromobility opportunities and future scenario, in the author experience acquired during Ph.D.
activity in the electrical drives for hybrid vehicle there are few technical reports that specifically refer to
electromobility in Italy, and even less to the Veneto Region.
For these reasons, the author intention is to emphasize in detail the basic aspects which in his opinion
are fundamental to better understand the electromobility opportunities in the Veneto Region which are
subject of this work. However, this is a preliminary work which should be a basis for future deeper
researches in this field.
This research report is organized as follows. Section II presents the state of the art in the EMob in
Veneto area: in particular, it is highlighted the political/economic aspects, companies directly connected
to the EMob field, and academic research in this topic. Section III reports active initiatives, best practices,
and projects on the electromobility topic in the Veneto Region. Furthermore, part of the information could
be obtained by using the results of the questionnaire that has been given to companies and research
institutions of Veneto Region that operate in fields related to electromobility. Section IV summaries the
results of the workshop, that has been organized with the aim of identify the stakeholders and relevant
opportunities in the electromobility field in the Veneto Region. Farther, this Section indicates the opinion
and experience of some stakeholders in the EMob field. At the end of the work, some conclusions are
given in Section V.
2
II. S TATE OF THE A RT A NALYSIS IN THE E LECTROMOBILITY T OPIC
In this Section a summary of the state of the art of the mobility and electromobility topics in the Veneto
Region will be reported. These topics have been thoroughly described in the first part of this research
Report. This summary is essential in order to better analyze the Electromobility opportunity in the Veneto
Region and to find out which kind of electric or hybrid vehicle may have the most effective and promising
impact.
Moreover, this Section is used to define the current role of EMob within the Italian mobility, especially
looking at different points of view such as: politics (eg. incentives or tax reliefs), economics (i.e. number
of hybrid/electric cars sold in the last few years), industrial (eg. number of companies that potentially or
already are operating in the EMob sector), and academic research.
The data provided by accredited sources for this kind of analysis (eg. ACI, ISTAT, ISFORT, UNRAE,
Veneto Region, Ministry of Economic Development, IEEE Xplore, etc.) will be mainly adopted.
A. Analysis of vehicles number by typology
In order to to define the current role of Electromobility within the Italian mobility it is important
to deeply analyze the state of the art of the conventional mobility inside the Veneto region. For this
reason the data of the Automobile Club di Italia - ACI (Automobile Club of Italy) has been used. ACI
is a public institution of the Italian Republic, self-financed, with functions of promoting, monitoring and
legal addressing of the automotive industry. This institution provides the historical series of the resident
population and circulating vehicles in the period between 1921 and 2011 in the Veneto Region [8].
The evolution trend of the circulating cars and the resident population in the last fifty years (period
between 1961 and 2011) are reported in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b) respectively. These highlight that nowadays
the ratio between the number of sale cars and the actual population is abut 0.6 ÷ 0.65 cars/inhabitants.
(a) Number of cars
Fig. 1.
(b) Number of populations
Evolution in the number of circulating cars and population in Veneto Region from 1921 to 2011 [8].
These results in the Veneto Region are also confirmed by another Italian institute, which is Istituto
Nazionale di Statistica - ISTAT (Italian National Statistical Institute) [9]. Its activities include the census
of population, economic censuses and a number of social, economic and environmental surveys and
analysis. ISTAT is the largest producer of statistical information in Italy, and it is an active member of
the European Statistical System, coordinated by EUROSTAT.
In order to better analyze the impact of EMob in the Veneto Region, another important aspects are the
number of vehicles and their service fleet length. The data of the ACI has been adopted [10].
In particular, the vehicles are subdivided in three groups depending for their weight:
3
•
•
•
Heavy vehicles (HV) = bus, trucks (under 3.5 t and over 3.5 t), and tractors.
Mild vehicles (MV) = cars (gasoline, diesel, and others).
Light vehicles (LV) = motorcycle.
A summary version of vehicles fleet in Veneto Region is reported in Table I.
TABLE I
V EHICLES FLEET IN V ENETO R EGION UP TO D ECEMBER 2011 [10].
Bus (HV)
6,960
Trucks (HV)
Cars (MV)
Motorcycles (LV)
Under 3.5 t
Over 3.5 t
Gasoline
Diesel
Others
299,316
48,420
1,529,288
1,170,667
269,600
447,297
Furthermore the vehicle fleet, up to December 2011 in [10], is organized by 20 bands according to
enrollment year. The data can be expressed as percentage of vehicles for each band compared to the total
number of circulating vehicles. The result is shown in Fig. 2. It highlights that about 55 % of HVs, 25 %
of MVs, and 60 % of LVs have more than 15 years, so great impact on pollution is also due to the heavy
vehicles (HVs) service length.
Fig. 2. Vehicles fleet, expressed in percentage compared to the total number of circulating vehicles, according to the enrollment year in
Veneto Region up to December 2011 [10].
Another set of information are supplied directly from the database of the Veneto Region [11]. Fig. 3
shows percentage distribution of the number of registered vehicles in the Veneto Region, by Province.
It can be proved that the number of vehicles complies with the size of the Provinces, so the number of
registered vehicles is well distributed in Veneto Region apart from Belluno and Rovigo.
B. Analysis of a typical inhabitant journey
To analyze the typical inhabitant journey in Veneto Region the studies carried out by by Osservatorio su
stili e comportamenti di mobilità degli italiani - AUDIMOB (Observatory of mobility styles and behaviors
of Italian) has been used [12]. The AUDIMOB is edited by Istituto Superiore di Formazione e Ricerca
per i Trasporti - ISFORT (Higher Education of Training and Research for Transport).
The AUDIMOB studies are based on a large number of telephone interviews (about 15,000) every year,
4
Fig. 3.
Percentage distribution of the number of registered vehicles in the Veneto Region, by Province [11].
subdivided by quarterly surveys. These surveys combine the quantitative aspects of the mobility demand
with qualitative aspects and behavioral profiles, or the reasons for the modal choices, perceived satisfaction,
the feedback about the measures for mobility and so on.
Table II reports the average daily transfers [12], excluding those from home; especially it highlights
that average duration of each transfer is about 21.2 min with an average length of each transfer of about
13.1 km. These results show also that the average time dedicated to mobility is about 65.9 min for each
inhabitant which implies an average total length about 40.7 km.
TABLE II
AVERAGE DAILY TRANSFERS ,
EXCLUDING THOSE FROM HOME , IN
Unit
◦
2007 [12].
Veneto
North-East
Italy
Number of transfer
- Work/Study
- Family management/Personal
- Leisure
N
%
%
%
3.11
36
31.2
32.8
3.1
36.7
31.2
32.1
3.11
35.4
31.2
33.5
Average duration of transfer
- Work/Study
- Family management/Personal
- Leisure
min
%
%
%
21.2
45.7
23.4
30.9
20.1
44.6
23.7
31.7
21
43.4
24.7
31.9
Average length of transfer
Average speed of transfer
km
km/h
13.1
31.6
12.1
30.9
11.8
29.3
The rush times, as reported in [12], are when the residents move for work or study from 7:01-10:00
and from 17:01-20:00, with 50 % of daily transfers.
Different types of vehicles adopted in daily transfer in 2007 are listed in Table III. It underlines that the
most used vehicle is the personal car, with an average of about 61 % everyday; instead the use of public
transportation in general (i.e. bus, train, tram, etc.) is very low, with an average of about 6 % for a few
times per month.
5
TABLE III
T YPES OF VEHICLES ADOPTED IN DAILY TRANSFER IN 2007 [12].
Type of vehicle
Walking/Bicycle
Motorcycle
Car (as driver)
Car (as passenger)
Public transport
Combination of vehicles
Other
Unit
Veneto
North-East
Italy
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
22.7
2.5
61.1
5.3
4.9
3.4
0.2
22.6
3.3
60.2
5.0
5.2
3.6
0.1
20.5
4.5
57.7
7.6
5.8
3.9
0.1
These result are also confirmed by observing the analysis was also carried out by ISTAT, and it shows
these results for two main categories of inhabitants, namely students and workers [13]. This survey shows
that the students category principally uses the public transportation (30 %) or car as passenger (31 %).
Instead the workers category utilizes the personal car as driver (68 %), which confirms how it is more
difficult to use the public transportation as a vehicle to reach the work place.
(a) Students
Fig. 4.
(b) Workers
Type of vehicle adopted in daily transfer by students and workers in the 2012 [13].
Other important considerations about mobility in Italy can be extracted from the data provided by
Osservatorio mensile di Segugio.it (Monthly Observatory of Segugio.it) [14], [15]. Segugio.it is a website
which allows to compare in a clear, transparent and free way the most convenient car and/or motorcycle
insurance. Segugio.it was born thanks to the over 12 years experience of MutuiOnline Group, a leading
company in Italy about multi-brand and products comparison in credit and insurance brokering. The
independence of MutuiOnline Group from banking and insurance groups reinforces its impartiality and
orientation towards consumers.
Figs. 5(a) and 5(b) report the average distance traveled in Italy for cars and motorcycles respectively.
Fig. 5(a) underlines that, nowadays, about 78 % of car users drive less than 10, 000 km during a year,
which corresponds to approximately less than 30 km/day. In addition, these surveys highlight that the
average distance traveled by a car is decreased from 12, 600 km/year in 2009 to 9, 900 km/year in
2013, corresponding to −20 % in 4 years. This result can be partly attributed to the economic crisis, the
raised fuel cost, and the high operating costs of a car.
6
(a) Car
Fig. 5.
(b) Motorcycle
Average distance traveled with by car [14] and by motorcycle [15] in Italy.
Instead, as indicated in Fig. 5(b), about 70 % of motorcycle users drive less than 4, 000 km during
a year, which corresponds to approximately less than 11 km/day. Furthermore, the average distance
traveled by a motorcycle is increased from 3, 360 km/year in 2011 to about 3, 620 km/year in 2013,
corresponding to +8 % in 3 years. This trend can be justified by moderate operating costs of a motorcycle
in comparison to a car and lower fuel consumption that mitigates the effect of the increased cost of fuel.
C. Italian Legislative Framework
As first step it is crucial to analyze the Italian legislative framework concerning the vehicles with low
or zero emissions, as the hybrid or electric vehicles. In this regard, the reference law is the n. 134 of 7th
August 2012 [16]. This law is valid for vehicles registered between 1st January 2013 and 31st December
2015.
Table IV indicates the different thresholds of state incentive according to the registration year and the
emission level of the vehicle. In order to sustain these State contributions up to December of 2015, the
Ministry of Economic Development has allocated a budget of 50 millions euros for 2013 and 45 million
euros for 2014 and 2015 each.
As regards the current year 2013, the 30 % of the 50 millions euros allocated by the Ministry for State
incentives, i.e. 15 millions euros, are provided for all categories of consumers. Instead the remaining 70 %,
i.e. 35 millions euros, are delivered for the replacement of public or private transportation for by third
parties use or for vehicles used by companies, freelance professionals, or craftsmen, exclusively used as
means for business.
Nevertheless, to access the last range of incentives, that has 70 % of the total budget, other criteria have
to be met such as: deliver a vehicle to be scrapped in the same category as the new purchased one, the
vehicle to be scrapped has more than 10 years and it is assigned for more than 12 months to whoever
buys a new vehicle. The budget thresholds distribution in 2014 and 2015 will be determined by observing
the use of the 2013 incentives.
7
TABLE IV
T HRESHOLDS OF INCENTIVE UP TO THE END OF 2015 [16].
Registration
year
CO2 emission
limit [g/km]
% of the
total
Maximum
value [e]
2013-2014
2013-2014
2013-2014
50
95
120
20
20
20
5000
4000
2000
2015
2015
2015
50
95
120
15
15
15
3500
3000
1800
TABLE V
D ENSITY OF THE LIMITED TRAFFIC ZONE (ZTL) IN V ENETO CITIES . Y EARS 2000-2011 (km2 TO 100 km2 OF COMMUNAL SURFACE ).
(∗)
I TALY EXCLUDING THE D ISTRICTS OF : M ILANO , M ONZA , F ERMO , AND T RANI [19].
District
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Verona
Vicenza
Belluno
Treviso
Venezia
Padova
Rovigo
0.3
0.5
0.1
..
..
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.1
..
..
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
..
..
0.8
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
..
..
0.8
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
..
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
..
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
..
0.1
1.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
..
0.1
1.4
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
..
0.5
1.4
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.4
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.4
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.4
0.1
Italy(∗)
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
Another great tax advantage can be obtained through the reduction of the Regional automobile tax. In
particular, in the Veneto Region, a distinction between hybrid or electric vehicle has been made [17], [18].
In case of electric vehicles, they will be exempted from Regional automobile tax for 5 years from the
date of trial, for new vehicles as: cars, motorcycles, and mopeds (with two, three or four wheels) powered
by an electric motor [17].
Regarding the hybrid vehicles (i.e. powered by: a petrol engine + electric motor, a diesel engine +
electric motor, and in general a thermal engine + electric motor but also dual-fuel petrol/hydrogen), their
owners are exempted from Regional automotive tax for 3 years from the date of registration, from 2014.
Instead the hybrid vehicles registered in 2012 and 2013 will benefit of facilitation in 2014 and 2015
respectively. In such cases, the exemption will in fact applied from 2014 [18].
D. Permanent Measures in Veneto Region
A permanent measure, that surely increments the development of sustainable mobility, is that the vehicles
with very low emissions can access in the limited traffic zones (Zone a Traffico Limitato - ZTL). In order
to analyze the density of the limited traffic zones in the Veneto Region, the data of the ISTAT have been
adopted [19]. The data show that all cities in the Region have ZTL areas, and the density values for each
city are in line with the national density one. The density value for each Veneto city from 2000 up to
2011 is reported in Table V. It is important to note that the city of Padova presents a high ZTL density,
i.e. about 1.4 km2 to 100 km2 of communal area, approximately equal to 40 % of the total ZTL area of
Veneto Region.
In order to improve the quality of urban mobility, another important permanent measure is the introduction of tram as public transportation vehicle. In particular, Padova has today about more than 10 km,
since 2007 [20], and Mestre (VE) has about more than 6 km, since 2010 [21]. Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) show
8
some photos of trams during their transit in Padova [22] and Mestre [23].
(a) Tram of Padova
Fig. 6.
(b) Tram of Mestre
Photos of trams during their transit in Padova [22] and Mestre [23].
Also the car sharing service, based on the model already operating in many European countries, is
a service that assists the sustainable mobility in the city. The service is configured as a complement to
collective and public transport and in particular in Veneto Region this service is operated by APS Holding
S.p.A. for Padova and AVM S.p.A. for Venezia.
E. Italian Electromobility Market
In order to understand whether the incentives described above for hybrid or electric vehicles are enough
to ramp up the number of sold cars in Italy the data provided by Unione Nazionale Rappresentanti
Autoveicoli Esteri - UNRAE (National Union of Foreign Vehicles Representatives) has been used [24].
The UNRAE is the association of foreign automotive manufacturers operating in Italy in the sector of:
distribution, marketing and service of cars, trucks and commercial vehicles, buses, caravans and motor
caravans. The UNRAE is today the most valid partner of institutions, that contributes in producing the
technical elements, statistics, assessments, and scenarios that are supporting the work of the Ministries
and relevant bodies in the mobility management.
Therefore, by observing the data provided by UNRAE, it is possible to evaluate the national sales
performance of hybrid and electric cars up to December 2011. Table VI reports the number of hybrid and
electric vehicles sold in Italy for each segment (City, Small, Compact, Mid-size, Executive, and Luxury)
between 2001 and 2011 [24]; in particular, in the last row it is highlighted the percentage of hybrid and
electric vehicles respect to the total amount sold in that period.
From the results shown in Table VI, it is possible to observe that although the growth trend is positive in
each type of vehicles, the share of the total market is however practically negligible, especially for electric
cars. This is mainly due to the high cost of this type of cars in the market that, despite the incentives,
remains very high compared to a conventional one.
However, nowadays there are hybrid cars in B and C segment, with prices ranging from 16,000 euros
to 22,000 euros that have allowed to increase the market share of hybrid cars in 2013 up to almost 1 % of
the total market [25]. Instead, the electric cars prices in the A and B segment are approximately 20,000
euros to 25,000 euros plus about 80 euros to 150 euros per month for 3 or 10 years car battery rental, so
the total price of this type of vehicle is about double compared to conventional one, also considering the
incentives. For these reasons the market of electric cars is still standing about 0.06 % in 2013 [25].
9
TABLE VI
N UMBER OF HYBRID / ELECTRIC VEHICLES SOLD IN I TALY [24].
Segment
type
Fuel
type
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Years
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
A (City)
Hybrid
Electric
0
31
0
29
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
8
0
8
0
17
0
30
0
89
0
281
B (Small)
Hybrid
Electric
0
133
0
109
0
139
0
43
0
24
0
18
0
13
0
25
0
5
233
12
604
8
C (Compact)
Hybrid
Electric
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
214
0
342
1
358
42
4,149
21
1,534
12
2,632
11
D (Mid-size)
Hybrid
Electric
23
0
15
0
11
0
495
0
746
0
683
0
1,926
0
2,063
0
2,579
0
2,014
0
1,112
0
E (Executive)
Hybrid
Electric
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
365
0
1,189
0
1,015
0
745
0
759
0
951
0
725
0
F (Luxury)
Hybrid
Electric
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
98
0
170
0
174
0
98
0
113
4
92
4
Total
Hybrid
Electric
23
164
15
138
11
139
495
44
1,111
29
2,184
26
3,453
22
3,340
84
7,585
56
4,845
117
5,165
304
% of market
Hybrid
Electric
0.0010
0.0068
0.0007
0.0060
0.0005
0.0062
0.022
0.0019
0.050
0.0013
0.094
0.0011
0.14
0.0009
0.15
0.0039
0.35
0.0026
0.25
0.0060
0.30
0.017
III. O PPORTUNITY IN E LECTROMOBILITY F IELD , IN V ENETO R EGION
In this Section the opportunity in electromobility field, in particular in the Veneto Region, will be
described. This Section is used to define the current role of EMob within the Italian mobility, especially
looking at different points of view such as: politics and economics (eg. Regional, State, European founding), industrial and academic research (eg. number of companies and research institutions that potentially
or already are operating in the EMob sector).
Mainly, the data provided by accredited sources for this kind of analysis (eg. ACI, ISTAT, UNRAE, Veneto
Region, Ministry of Economic Development, IEEE Xplore, etc.) will be adopted.
At the end of this Section some Companies and Research Institutions Opinion opinions will be summarized,
part of the information could be obtained by using the results of the questionnaire that has been given
to companies and research institutions of Veneto Region that operate in fields potentially related to
electromobility.
A. Electromobility Funding
An analysis of active initiatives, best practices, and projects on the electromobility topic in the Veneto
Region have been done. Therefore the main projects in this field that have been activated in recent
years in the Veneto Region will be reported. Principally, the data provided by credible sources for this
type of analysis (eg. ISTAT, Mobility Direction of Veneto Region, Veneto Innovazione, Confindustria,
Research and Technology Transfer Office of Padova University, etc.) will be used. Furthermore, part of
the information could be obtained by using the results of the questionnaire that has been described in the
previous Section.
1) Regional funding: In order to evaluate the opportunities directly provided by the Veneto Region in
the electromobility field, the mobility office of the Veneto Region has been contacted. The mobility office
has indicated that the Veneto Region has recently applied the financing program referred to “Bando a
10
favore delle regioni per il finanziamento di reti di ricarica dedicate ai veicoli elettrici” (i.e. project for the
financing of networks dedicated to charging electric vehicles in favor of regions) that has been published
in G.U. n. 85 of 22nd July 2013.
The regional application, accompanied by the technical planning proposal has been submitted to the
Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport on 16th September 2013. All the provincial cities of the Veneto
(the only subject that can be interested in this project) have been involved. Of those Treviso, Vicenza,
and Venezia have been responded within the deadline set for applying to the initiative.
The submitted project includes the purchase and installation of 25 charging points for electric vehicles or
Plug-in hybrid ones, that will be placed preferably in the parking areas and ride near to the Service of
the Regional Metropolitan Railway (ESRD) for a global amount of 230,000.00 euros.
Announcement, recently concluded, that produced benefits in the electromobility field, is the Regional
Low (L.R.) 9/2007 of 18th May 2009 called “Piano strategico regionale per la ricerca scientifica, lo
sviluppo tecnologico e l’innovazione 2008-2010” (i.e. Regional Strategic Plan for Scientific Research,
Technological Development, and Innovation 2008-2010).
By observing the data referred to L.R. 9/2007, updated until September 2009 and provided by Innovati [26],
they highlight a great number of applications (360) 200 of which are deemed suitable. The participating
companies are 543: 363 small companies, 83 medium companies, and 97 large companies. In particular,
108 of total companies are active in the electronic and electric fields.
Another program that has been produced benedits in the EMob field, is “Programmi Operativi Regionali”
- POR (Regional Operational Programs), it is part of “Fondo Europeo Sviluppo Regionale” - FESR
(European Regional Development Fund), with D.G.R. n. 3585 of 24th November 2009 called “Contributi
a favore dei processi di trasferimento tecnologico e allo sviluppo di strutture di ricerca interne alle imprese”
(i.e. contributions in favor of the technology transfer processes and the development of research facilities
within companies). It is in according with the L.R. 9/2007 in fact its aims are to increase the regional
competitiveness and employment, to encourage the process of technology transfer and the development
of research facilities within companies [27].
Dedicated founds have been given to projects that support the following measures:
• industrial research;
• experimental development;
• technical feasibility studies preparatory to industrial research or experimental development;
• process innovation;
• organizational innovation;
• technology transfer to small and medium-sized companies.
Moreover, the projects must be no longer than 2 years and must be made in the Veneto Region.
2) State funding: A grate state funding, which sustains the development in the field of sustainable
mobility, is INDUSTRIA 2015, approved on September 2006 and still in progress [28].
This project establishes strategies for the development and competitiveness of the Italian production
system of the future, based on: a concept of industry extended to new sectors integrating manufacturing,
advanced services and new technologies and an analysis of the economic-productive future facing the
Italian country in the medium to long term (2015).
The Government’s strategy is identifying networks of companies, innovative financing tools and especially
industrial innovation projects in order to ensure the strategic repositioning of the Italian industrial system
in the world economy, globalized and highly competitive.
On December 2008, the Italian Government has published the projects approved in the Sustainable
Mobility topic, within the funding program INDUSTRIA 2015 [28]. Some project ideas presented in
Sustainable Mobility section are: an ecological taxi powered by fuel cells and solar panels, an ergonomic
quad-cycle, low emission buses, flexible trains, inter-modular port system, and management systems of
11
digital mobility. These are just some of the research and development projects approved by INDUSTRIA
2015. A set of 22 projects of the 50 presented have been funded for a total investment of approximately
500 millions euros, corresponding to 180 millions euros in incentives. The companies involved are
approximately 250 in total and 100 research organizations. In particular, the approved projects involving
companies of Veneto Region are 12, with an average total investment for project about 21 millions euros
and with an average incentives of 40%.
A new important State funding is the program called “Smart Cities and Communities and Social
Innovation” D.D. 391/Ric of 5th July 2012 [29]. It is founded by Ministero Italiano dell’Istruzione,
dell’Università e della Ricerca - MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research). The
areas of interest for the electromobility field are smart grids, transportation and land mobility.
3) European funding: The Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) for research infrastructures for
industrial innovation is the European Union’s main instrument for research funding over the period
2007-2013 [30]. FP7 consists of four specific programmes which correspond to the basic components
of the European research: cooperation, ideas, people, capacities. Support for Research & Innovation
Infrastructures (RIs) is currently open to infrastructures across the fields of science and technology. The
overall objective of the RI part of the programme is to optimize the use and development of the best
existing RIs in Europe, as well as helping creating new facilities which best meet the needs of researchers
and support their achievements.
In particular, it is noted that the Commission has proposed that the European Institute of Innovation and
Technology (EIT) should set up a new Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) on urban mobility
in 2018 [31]. This new KIC will contribute to the goals of Horizon 2020 and the Europe 2020 agenda
for jobs and sustainable growth.
B. Companies and Research Institutions Map
In order to identify relevant actors in the electromobility field in Veneto Region, an internet research has
been carried out. This survey has been based on keywords research, which allowed to identify companies
and research institutions which are directly active in the electromobility field or a closely related one.
The principal adopted keywords are:
• electric vehicles (cars, bikes, boats, train, etc.),
• energy storage systems (battery, fuel cells),
• electric machines (generators and motors),
• electric drive,
• power electronics (UPS, PV inverter, battery charger, welding machine, power converter),
• transmissions,
• control units (PCB, vehicle control unit, battery management system),
• vehicle constructions.
In particular, the identified actors have been classified in two groups according to the information available
on their homepages and to the experience of the author in this field, acquired during Ph.D. studies,
namely: development potential or e-mobility priority. The final list contains about 80 companies of which
approximately 50 % are classified as e-mobility priority.
Fig. 7 shows the distribution of these companies (expressed as a percentage of the total) within the
principal keyword sectors of the electromobility field.
These companies are listed in Tables VIII and IX; the research institutions are reported in Table X in
A at the end of report. For each company and research institution: the name, type of principal business,
location (Postal Address, Postcode, City) and homepage are reported.
Fig. 8 shows companies and research institutions EMob map of the Veneto Region, the numeration
refers to the companies list which is reported in Tables VIII and IX, the same for the research institutions
12
Fig. 7.
Companies distribution in different keyword sectors of EMob field.
list is reported in Table X. Companies with e-mobility priority (Table VIII) or development potential
(Table IX) are highlighted with two different colors, light green and light blue respectively. The same
color code has been adopted for the institutions.
Fig. 8.
Companies and research institutions Electromobility map in Veneto Region.
13
C. Companies and Research Institutions Opinions
In order to better understand the companies and research institutions involvement in the electromobility
field, a questionnaire has been delivered. An draft text of this questionnaire is reported in in A at the end
of report. This questionnaire has been implemented using Google Module, that is a useful tool able to
send surveys and allows to gather information easily and efficiently [32].
The questionnaire has been sent to all the 80 identified companies and 14 identified research institutions
in Veneto Region. However, after about two months from the first sending, the response rate was very
low around 20 %. It should be noted that this 20 % of total companies and research institutions responded
after less than one week, and all of them operate directly in the field of mobility.
This could mean that in the Veneto Region there are few companies that are directly involved in the
electromobility field.
Nevertheless, the results obtained from this questionnaire have been useful to identify some national
projects in where companies of Veneto Region have participated.
In particular a great part of interviewees believed that the electromobility field is a very promising
opportunity for companies of Veneto Region especially because EMob is a field complementary to their
activities. Conversely, there are three different opinions when asked if in the Veneto Region the industry
electrical and electronic has acquired technical skills and abilities to compete in the EMob market. A
30 % of interviewees said that skills and abilities are abundantly adequate, a 40 % said that the skills are
adequate but only as a sub-suppliers of global EMob companies, and the remaining 20 % claimed that
the this field is dominated by global EMob companies.
All interviewees thought the technologies derived from the development in the electromobility field should
have evidence in other areas as Energy, Smart Grids and Traction.
Another interesting aspect, that emerged from the survey, is that most of the interviewees said that
the expansion of electromobility could be reflected in the development of new technologies that can lead
to a immediate impact (or however in less than 10 years) in reduction of the EVs and HEVs costs. A
great part of interviewees believed that the best strategies that National/Europeans governments should
implement to increase development in the field of electromobility are: environmental incentives and tax
relief, adequate recharging infrastructure, and investment in public fleets with electric vehicles only.
At the end of the questionnaire the interviewees can leave free considerations on the electromobility field.
The relevant considerations can be summarize in two reflections. The first is that the current storage
systems are the major limitation to the expansion of electromobility field. The second is that the problem
seems to be more political than technical because the national government invests lightly in start-up or
small companies with big potential.
IV. E LECTROMOBILITY S IGNIFICANT S TAKEHOLDERS
With the aim of identify the stakeholders and relevant opportunities in the electromobility field in the
Veneto Region a workshop in this topic has been organized. The seminar results will be summarized in this
Section. Moreover, the point of view of stakeholders, and relevant actors in the field of electromobility in
the Veneto Region will be also reported in this Section. In particular, by previous knowledge of the author
matured in the Electric Drives Laboratory of the industrial engineering department and contacts provided
by CPV (Productivity Center of Veneto Region), companies and research institutions stakeholders have
been interviewed.
14
A. Electromobility Workshop
In order to identify the active networks between research institutions and industry, stakeholders, and
relevant projects in the electromobility field in the Veneto Region a workshop in this topic has been
organized in collaboration with the Study Group on the Automation and Conversion Energy of Centro
Produttività Veneto - CPV (Productivity Center of Veneto Region).
Automation and Energy Conversion study group of CPV is proposed to promote the exchange of information and knowledge among entrepreneurs, managers, and technicians through the organization of
conferences, meetings and study visits. It treats issues of great relevance due to its close connection with
the productive world and the real business issues. This Study Group is composed of about 50 companies
in Veneto Region area.
This seminar in Electromobility field has been planned for the workshop AC Motor Drives Technology
of 2014, which takes place every two years and is organized by CPV. So the 16th edition of the workshop
AC Motor Drives Technology has been entitled “Stato dell’arte, aspettative e prospettive della mobilità
elettrica nella Regione Veneto” (State of the art, prospects and expectations of electromobility in the
Veneto Region) [33]. The event logo is shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 9.
Ac motor drive workshop logo [33].
The venue of workshop was Villa Valmarana Bressan, Vigardolo di Monticello Conte Otto (VI) [34]
in data 11 June 2014. A picture of workshop venue is shown in Fig. 10.
This 16th edition of the workshop AC Motor Drives Technology has been proposed to researchers,
designer engineers, and company in the field of power electronics, electric motors and drives in the
Veneto Region. The aim of workshop was to illustrate some important perspectives and opportunities for
research development and industrial production in the field of electromobility.
In particular it wanted to highlight the possible technical and economic strength of this emerging strategic sector. Electromobility can bring the companies of Veneto Region to increase their competitiveness in a
global market. Along these issues the program was structured according to intense ladder of interventions,
by which authoritative experts and researchers from industry, academia discussed of different aspects in
the electromobility field.
15
Fig. 10.
Workshop venue, Villa Valmarana Bressan [34].
The workshop schedule was:
•
Electromobility in the Veneto Region, State of the art, presented by Ph.D. Eng. Mattia Morandin Research assistant University of Padova.
Abstract: Overview of the state of the art in the field of electromobility in the Veneto Region. We
will highlight the new opportunities that this sector can bring to businesses Venetian and the critical
issues that must be resolved to increase dissemination of products of this industry.
•
FIAMM batteries and salt SoNik, state of the art and experience in the field of sustainable
mobility, presented by Eng. Federico Resmini - Sales Manager Mobility-EMEA, FIAMM S.p.A..
Abstract: Overview of salt SoNik, state of the art and experience in the field of sustainable mobility.
•
Converter topologies for battery chargers Plug-in high-efficiency, presented by Prof. Roberto Petrella
- Assistant Professor University of Udine.
Abstract: Overview of the different types of converters adopted in the area of plug-in charger for
electric vehicles. Description of the wiring diagrams of the major converters resonant high efficiency.
•
Interreg IV Italy-Austria AKKU4FUTURE project (www.akku4future.eu) - Results:
1) Modeling: from the electrochemical cell to a determination specifies the general state, presented
by Ph.D. Eng. Florian Niedermayr - Fraunhofer Research Bolzen.
Abstract: Overview of different approaches to modeling. Description the equivalent circuit
diagrams implemented. Presentation of the software implemented and the initial results the
simulation. Introduction to the diagnosis.
2) Measurement strategies for the quantification of the state of charge and the state of health of a
Li-ion battery, presented by Eng. Alexander Elbe - Fachhochschule Krnten, Villach (Austria).
Abstract: Li-ion batteries require a strict operation window in terms of terminal voltage, load
current and cell temperature. Battery management systems (BMS) have to ensure the safe
operation of Li-ion batteries. Measurement strategies to create data for the quantification of
the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH) of a Li-ion battery are described and
a measurement setup is proposed.
16
•
Light Electric Vehicles - ASKOLL:
1) Light Electric Vehicles - vehicle analysis, presented by Eng. Andrea Mazzagatti - Askoll Holding
S.p.A. Vicenza.
Abstract: Market opportunity of the different types of light electric vehicles (as electric bike
and scooter).
2) Light Electric Vehicles - design choices, presented by Eng. Gianluca Marangon - Askoll Holding
S.p.A. Vicenza.
Abstract: Overview of the different design choices of electric drive and energy storage system.
To this workshop was attended by about 50 people between the company and research institutions. The
feedback from participants and the discussions that emerged during the workshop have highlighted that
the electromobility topic could be a strategic sector for the company that operate in the field of power
electronics and energy storage systems.
B. Company Stakeholder - Askoll S.p.A.
Askoll S.p.A. has been interviewed as future EMob companies stakeholders in the Veneto Region. The
company has been identified as an innovative model of business because it has recognized the strategic
importance of the electromobility sector and it has started a new business field. The most of the skills
and innovative technologies, necessary to this novel field, are derived from decades of experience in the
production of electric motors and drives for domestic applications such as: aquariums, washing machines,
dishwashers, boilers, etc.
Today, the Askoll S.p.A. group employs 3000 people in 11 companies. According to a strategic choice
to betterface the challenges of the global market, each company is independent but linked by a common
goal. Heading the Group is Askoll Holding, that sets forth the guidelines and main strategies. The Askoll
S.p.A. is present in 8 countries, it boasts 9 production establishments in such strategic markets as Italy,
Slovakia, Romania, Mexico, Brazil and China.
Askoll evolution and development trend in its 36 years of history:
1978 Thanks to the intuition and the entrepreneurial frame of mind of its founder, Elio Marioni, Askoll
introduces the synchronous technology in the aquarium pumps market.
1986 (50 million euros in receipts and 36 employees) The synchronous technology is extended to the
sector of drain pumps for washing machines and dishwashers, offering improvements in cost
saving, fitting and maintenance simplicity plus the benefit of saving energy.
1997 (61 million euros in receipts and 252 employees) The Group enlarges its activity at international
level: Askoll Brazil is established to manufacture and sell pumps for household appliances in
South America.
2000 (88 million euros in receipts and 369 employees) Askoll introduces the synchronous technology
in the heating market.
2007 (141 million euros in receipts and 550 employees) Askoll Mexico is established to manufacture
and sell pumps for household appliances in North America.
2008 (360 million euros in receipts and 3000 employees) Askoll acquires Emerson Appliance Motors
Europe (E.A.M.E) from Emerson. The Group has consolidated an important presence in the
markets of drain pumps for washing machines and dishwashers, of electric motors for household
applications, such as washing machines, dryers and ventilation and refrigeration systems through
the Askoll, Plaset and Ceset trademarks. Thanks to the synergies generated by the new structure,
Askoll aims to meet more and more the requirements of Partners by means of:
17
•
•
•
an enhanced technological capability in the development of highly innovative solutions for
a wide range of applications;
a greater logistics efficiency, thanks to a global presence;
a strategic partnership in the global procurement process, providing the right solution, in the
right place, and at the right moment.
Askoll believes innovation must be pursued with enthusiasm and determination as it drives development,
progress and the common good. For these reasons inside Askoll Group there is a specific division called
Askoll Cinque that concerned with Research and Development in the field of Electronics, Electromechanics, Engineering/Fluid dynamics, and Rapid prototype construction. Askoll Cinque is a door wide-open
to the future for the entire Askoll Group. Askoll leads very dynamic and active research and development
processes not only with regards to products but also processes and organizational methods, using creative
and advanced tools, according to a multidisciplinary logic. The Askoll’s milestones in the field of electric
machine are reported in Fig. 11.
Fig. 11.
Askoll’s milestones.
Askoll group now has sales of almost 300 million of Euro and it invests more than 6% of its sales into
research and development. This means it can add value to its products by using innovative technologies.
For this reason in the recent year Askoll creates an internal self-funded project called E.V.A. project
(Electric Vehicle - Askoll) with the aim to produce three different family of electric light vehicle for the
urban mobility:
1) Electric Bike (Pedelec - pedal electric cycle).
2) Electric Scooter.
3) Electric Micro-Car (light four-wheels, in two configuration light (L6) and heavy (L7)).
18
Indeed, in line with the results reported in this report, Askoll points out that electromobility, especially
in an urban area, is a field in deep growth not only in Italy but throughout Europe as demonstrated by
COLIPED (Association of the European Two-Wheeler Parts and Accessory Industry) studies [35].
The principal key aspects, that highlight the Askoll’s philosophy for electromobility products, are summarized as follows:
• Italian design: clean and ergonomic lines for a sober and elegant style.
• Technology: know-how for the entire system traction from the electric motor to the battery pack and
the control electronic systems.
• Avant-garde industrial structure: knowledge and skills for the development and implementation of
specific and custom process solutions for new vehicles.
• Industrial experience: ability to capture economies of purchasing and production through an industrial and logistic systems on a global scale.
Table VII reports the principal preliminary features of the four electric vehicle. This Table highlights
that all electric vehicle is powered by the most advanced technologies in the market as synchronous
permanent magnet (PM) electric machine and Li-ion battery.
TABLE VII
P RELIMINARY TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOUR ELECTRIC VEHICLES .
Preliminary
Characteristics
Motor type
Number of motors
Power
Torque
Velocity
Battery Type
Energy
Range
Weight
Electric
Bike
Electric
Scooter
Light Electric
Micro-Car (L6)
Heavy Electric
Micro-Car (L7)
Synchronous PM
1
250 W
50 Nm
25 km/h
Li-ion
300 Wh
100 km
22 kg
Synchronous PM
1
1500 W
100 Nm
45 km/h
Li-ion
2100 Wh
100 km
70 kg
Synchronous PM
1
4000 W
400 Nm
45 km/h
Li-ion
8000 Wh
100 km
420 kg
Synchronous PM
1
15000 W
520 Nm
80 km/h
Li-ion
8000 Wh
100 km
450 kg
The market launch of Askoll’s Pedelec and Electric Scooter will be in the first quarter of 2015 and the
completion of Askoll’s electric light vehicle with the micro-car, in its two configuration Light (L6) and
Heavy (L7), after about a year.
C. University Stakeholder - Electric Drive Labortaory (EDLab)
Prof. Silverio Bolognani, Department of Industrial Engineering - University of Padova, has been interviewed. Silverio Bolognani (IEEE Member 98) received the Laurea degree in electrical engineering
from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, in 1976. In 1976, he joined the Department of Electrical
Engineering, University of Padova. He then started the Electrical Drives Laboratory (EDLab), where a
variety of research work on brushless and induction motor drives is carried out in the frame of European
and the National research projects. He is currently a Full Professor of electrical converters, machines, and
drives in the same department. He is author of more than 200 papers on electrical machines and drives
and is the holder of three patents. Prof. Bolognani has been serving international conferences as a member
of the steering or technical committees, as well as an invited speaker. He is currently the Chairman of
the IEEE North Italy IEEE Industry Applications/Industrial Electronics/Power Electronics Societies Joint
Chapter.
19
In the opinion of Prof. Bolognani, as expert in the field of electric machine and drive, he states that
the electromobility is today a multidisciplinary very live field of research and development activity in
academic and industrial laboratories. However electromobility is an issue as old as the cars, being object
of study and prototyping before the beginning of the 20th century. In fact, during the second half of 1800’s
years and the beginning of last century a variety of battery-powered (full electric), hybrid parallel, serial,
or with range extender electric vehicles (from bicycles to cars and to trams) was prototyped and exhibited.
He states that after enjoying success at the beginning of the 20th century, the electric car began to lose
its position in the automobile market. A number of developments contributed to this situation. By the
1920’s an improved road infrastructure required vehicles with a greater range than that offered by electric
cars. Worldwide discoveries of large petroleum reserves led to the wide availability of affordable gasoline,
making gas-powered cars cheaper to operate over long distances. Electric cars were limited to urban use
by their slow speed (no more than 4 ÷ 32 km/h) and low range (50 ÷ 65 km), and gasoline cars were
now able to travel farther and faster than equivalent electric. Such a situation remained unchanged until
about the 1970’s years when the “petroleum crisis” gave a new impulse to find alternative energy-effective
transport technologies and electric vehicles were again pulled out of the closet.
The results were disappointing for a number of reasons:
• power electronics (apart from diode/SCR technology) and digital electronics were almost absent;
• electrical motors for drives were limited to DC motors and drive technology was limited to this
motors;
• electric energy storage was, in practice, limited to lead-acid battery.
For all of this, the rediscovered and put on the market electric vehicles were not able to contribute to
the goal of energy saving (battery were charged from the electrical grid which was supplied mainly by
petroleum-dependent power plants; renewable/alternative energy sources were not yet exploited apart from
nuclear), and exhibit lower overall performance and reliability than existing internal combustion engine
vehicles. The main result was that the population was sensitized to the problem, but no product remains
on the market.
We can call “Electromobility 1.0” this one century experience (till about 1970-80), from the first
experiments to the last pre-power electronics age proposals.
He said that power electronic advent causes a first revolution in the field, moving “Electromobility 1.0”
to “Electromobility 2.0” that exploits fully the maturity of power electronics and extend approximately
from 1990 to 2000. Rigorously speaking, the merits of “Electromobility 2.0” are not to be attributed solely
to power electronics. In the same time, powerful and versatile digital components were developed and
made easily available; new high energy permanent magnet materials were industrialized allowing high
efficiency and compact motors to be realized; electrical drives technology introduced vector control that
allows to migrate from the heavy DC motor drives to the efficient, reliable, high performance AC motor
drive, especially brushless motors (but not only). Considering the improvements of the energy storage
systems, “Electromobility 2.0” brought full or hybrid electric vehicles with characteristics comparable
(in term of velocity and range capability) to those of internal combustion engine vehicles for many field
of application, apart from costs. Because of the latter, the absence of dedicated infrastructures and the
effects of the ancestry range anxiety (the fear that a vehicle has insufficient range to reach its destination)
electromobility remained limited to finite and specific applications.
At the end of the interview he said that these drawbacks have been canceled in the last decade (up
today) which shows, together with additional technical advancements, mainly a cultural social maturity
toward electromobility. Not only the fear toward electrical vehicles is now attenuated, but electric vehicle
20
is even tried as a status symbol or for reducing environmental pollution, noise, energy consumption.
In addition the advantage of gaining some specific performance or features of electric vehicles (easy
distributed traction, motion control, renewable energy exploitation, and so on) is considered an acceptable
balance of the loss of other performance exhibited only by internal combustion engine vehicles.
Electrical vehicles fleet is now growing , with the positive feedback effect of improving the technology
of the vehicle and its components, of introducing new features, nevertheless decreasing their prize on the
market. We are now in the era of “Electromobility 3.0”!
21
V. C ONCLUSIONS
The state of art analysis in the mobility and electromobility (EMob) fields has shown that the market of
hybrid and electric vehicles is very low (0.3 % and 0.002 % respectively) compared to the traditional one.
The main reason is that the majority of people still think that hybrid and electric vehicles are not suitable
for their mobility needs because these technologies present some main drawbacks as: high purchasing
price, limited range, time required to recharge, and limited availability of recharging points.
Nevertheless, many of those barriers are perceived challenges rather than real problems. In fact, as it
has been reported, the average daily transfer need is about 13 km in length and 22 min in time, besides
78 % of car users drive less than 10, 000 km/year (i.e. about 30 km/day) and 70 % of motrcycle users
drive less than 4, 000 km/year (i.e. about 11 km/day); these are positive data if it is referred to the
range exhibited by a full electric vehicle.
Nowadays the real main constraint for the evolution of EMob is that electrical energy cannot be stored,
as well as fossil energy. Nevertheless, the evolution of new technologies should lead to a reduction of
the costs sufficient to develop the electromobility sector even without relying on any incentives, related
to the needs to: improve the environment and quality of life and the urban environment.
That is why at present various combinations of different energy storage systems combined with different
electric drive systems are studied and investigated by companies and research institutions. For these reasons
a large number of relevant or potential actors in the electromobility field in Veneto Region have been
identified and classified in this report. The identified actors have been depicted in a map called EMob map.
For many companies and research institutions on the list, it is often not clear whether they are actually
active in the EMob field or not. Moreover, for many others it is not completely clear in which particular
activities they are involved. Therefore a questionnaire has been sent to all the selected companies but
its results have been only marginally reported in this work, due to the low response rate (about 20%).
However, it could be crucial for future developments of this work that each Veneto Region company
expresses its interest field within electromobility sector.
For these reasons in order to identify the active networks between research institutions and industry,
stakeholders, and relevant projects in the electromobility field in the Veneto Region a workshop in this topic
has been organized in collaboration with the Study Group on the Automation and Conversion Energy of
Centro Produttività Veneto - CPV (Productivity Center of Veneto Region). To this workshop was attended
by about 50 people between the company and research institutions. The feedback from participants and
the discussions that emerged during the workshop have highlighted that the electromobility topic could
be a strategic sector for the company that operate in the field of power electronics and energy storage
systems.
In conclusion of this research and summarizing the stakeholders point of views, it can be stated that
today the electric vehicle is already suitable for short trips, especially urban area, instead the hybrid
vehicles or electric ones with range-extend are preferable for medium/long trips, extra-urban area.
Furthermore the research in the new technologies derived from the development in the electromobility
field should have evidence in other crucial areas as Energy, Smart Grids and Traction.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank Prof. Silverio Bolognani and Dr. Elena Zanatta for their help and support
in the realization of this research report and Dr. Fabrizio Paolin for his help in the workshop organization.
22
VII. N OTES
This research report could contain some errors in the data reported in Tables or in Figs. derived from
other sources or reports, therefore please refer to the original one.
In the list of companies and research institutions of the Veneto Region (reported in Tables VIII, IX, and X)
their interest fields are indicated according to the opinion of the author; however, some companies could
not have been inserted or their area of interest could be incomplete; for these reasons please refer to their
homepages. In any case if there are any errors or inaccuracies in the report please notify at the author
that will promptly provide to correct them.
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[15] ——, Dati sulle assicurazioni moto in Italia (Gen 2011 - Feb 2013), Osservatorio Assicurazioni Moto, Ed., Marzo 2013. [Online].
Available: http://www.segugio.it
[16] Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Misure Urgenti per le Infrastrutture l’Edilizia ed i Trasporti - Legge Nazionale n. 134 del 7
Agosto 2012, Repubblica Italiana, Ed., 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it
23
[17] Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica n. 39 del 5 Febbraio 1953, Testo unico delle leggi sulle tasse automobilistiche - Art. 20,
Repubblica Italiana, Ed.
[18] Legge Regionale n. 3 del 5 Aprile 2013, Agevolazioni fiscali per i veicoli elettrici e con alimentazione ibrida - Art. 7, Regione
Veneto, Ed., 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.regione.veneto.it
[19] Istituto nazionale di statistica (ISTAT), Focus Mobilità Urbana Tavole allegato statistico, Mobilità urbana Anno 2011, Ed., 2013.
[Online]. Available: http://www.istat.it
[20] APS Holding, Tranvia di Mestre. [Online]. Available: http://www.apsholding.it
[21] ACTV, Tranvia di Mestre. [Online]. Available: http://www.actv.it
[22] Wikipedia, l’enciclopedia libera, Tranvia di Padova, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranvia di Padova
[23] ——, Tranvia di Mestre, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranvia di Mestre
[24] Unione Nazionale Rappresentanti Autoveicoli Esteri (UNRAE), ANNI 2001 - 2011. Il mercato in Italia Segmenti, nicchie, provincie
e regioni. Il parco circolante Le emissioni di CO2 . Il mercato dellusato e le radiazioni. Il mercato in Italia. Segmenti, nicchie,
provincie e regioni. Il parco circolante. Le emissioni di CO2 . Il mercato dellusato e le radiazioni 2002. Il parco circolante italiano.
Le emissioni medie di CO2 . Il mercato dellusato. Le alimentazioni a minimo impatto ambientale. Gli investimenti pubblicitari.
Produzione e mercati nel mondo, L’auto 2011 Sintesi Statistica, Ed., 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.unrae.it
[25] ——, Top 10 per alimentazione - Novembre 2013, UNRAE, Ed., 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.unrae.it
[26] Innovati, Sportello per la gestione dei bandi per la ricerca scientifica e lo sviluppo tecnologico e dell’innovazione previsti dalla L.R.
09/2007, Regione Veneto, Ed. [Online]. Available: http://www.innovati.eu
[27] Veneto Innovazione, Sezione Politiche Regionali - Bandi e Finanziamenti, Regione Veneto, Ed. [Online]. Available:
http://www.venetoinnovazione.it
[28] Ministero
Italiano
dello
Sviluppo
Economico,
Lo
Sviluppo
e
la
Competitività,
2008.
[Online].
Available:
http://www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it
[29] Ministero Italiano dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Smart Cities and Communities D.D. 391/Ric del 5 luglio 2012,
2013. [Online]. Available: http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it
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[Online]. Available: http://ec.europa.eu
[31] European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), Urban Mobility 2018, European Commission, Ed., 2018. [Online]. Available:
http://ec.europa.eu
[32] Google Drive, Creazione di un modulo, Google, Ed. [Online]. Available: https://support.google.com/drive
[33] Centro Produttività Veneto (CPV), “Villa valmarana bressan,” in 16th edition workshop AC MOTOR DRIVES TECHNOLOGY, 2014.
[Online]. Available: http://www.villavalmaranabressan.it
[34] A. Palladio, “Stato dell’arte, aspettative e prospettive della mobilità elettrica nella regione veneto,” in Via Vigardoletto, 33 - 36010 Vigardolo di Monticello Conte Otto (VI), Italy, 1541. [Online]. Available: https://www.cpv.org
[35] COLIBI (Association of the European Bicycle Industry) - COLIPED (Association of the European Two-Wheeler Parts and Accessory
Industry), “European bicycle market & industry profile - edition 2011,” 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.colibi.com and
http://www.coliped.com
24
A PPENDIX
In this Appendix are reported the companies and research institutions are listed in Tables VIII, IX
and X where for each company and institution name, type of principal business, location (Postal Address,
Postcode, City), and Homepage are reported. Fig. 8 shows companies and research institutions EMob
map of the Veneto Region, the numeration refers to the companies and research institutions lists that are
reported in Tables VIII, IX and X.
25
26
Company name
ALKE’
Amer S.p.A.
ASTON energy s.r.l.
Carraro S.p.A.
Cima S.p.A.
Dec Elettronica s.r.l.
E-Brain s.r.l.
Elettrolab s.r.l.
ENERSYS S.r.l.
Equipaggiamenti Elettronici Industriali s.r.l.
Eurogen s.r.l.
Everel S.p.A.
FIAMM S.p.A.
FRONIUS Italia s.r.l.
Grand Italia s.r.l.
Idm s.r.l.
Lafert S.p.A.
Magnetic S.p.A.
Marelli Motori S.p.A.
Midac S.p.A.
MIDORI Technologies s.r.l.
Movimotor s.r.l.
Nuova Saccardo Motori s.r.l.
Nuova Sme S.p.A.
Officine Ferroviarie Veronesi S.p.A.
Pimas s.r.l.
Power Control Systems S.p.A.
Redox s.r.l.
Reel s.r.l.
Scientifica generale elettromecc Vicenza S.p.A.
Sirco Automazione s.r.l.
SME Elettronica S.p.A.
TDE Macno S.p.A.
Texa S.p.A.
Unus International S.p.A.
Ups Manufactoring s.r.l.
Z.F. s.r.l.
Zallys s.a.s. Di Valerio Letizia
ZF Padova s.r.l.
Aprilia S.p.A.
Oxygen S.p.A.
N◦
1
3
8
10
13
15
17
18
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
34
37
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
57
62
63
65
66
68
69
72
73
75
77
78
Electric Vehicle
Motorcyle
Transmission
Electric Vehicle
Electric Vehicle
UPS
Transmission
Vehicle Control Unit
Power Electronic
Electric Drive
Power Electronic
Electric Motor
Power Electronic
Battery
Power Electronic
Power Electronic, Electric Drive
Train
Electric Motor
Electric Generator
Electric Motor
Electric Vehicle
Battery
Electric Generator
Electric Motor
Electric Drive
Electric Generator, Power Electronic
Electric Vehicle
PV Inverter, Battery Charger
Battery, Automotive
Electronic Component
Electric Generator
Power Electronic
Battery
Automation, Automotive
Electronic system design
PCB
Electric Motor
Transmission
UPS
Electric Motor
Electric Vehicle
Notes
35100
30033
35030
36030
36040
37048
30030
31050
36100
36071
30030
36077
36024
36050
31020
35015
37133
35030
36015
36078
30030
37038
36071
36054
30027
31044
37060
37012
36075
37067
36051
36100
36053
31020
36100
31040
36051
35011
31050
36078
35127
Postcode
PADOVA (PD)
Noale (VE)
Caselle di Selvazzano (PD)
Sarcedo (VI)
Meledo di Sarego (VI)
San Pietro di Legnago (VR)
Pianiga (VE)
Monastier di Treviso (TV)
VICENZA (VI)
Arzignano Vicenza (VI)
Vigonovo (VE )
Altavilla Vicentina (VI)
Nanto (VI)
Bolzano Vicentino (VI)
San Vendemiano (TV)
Galliera Veneta (PD)
VERONA (VR)
Veggiano (PD)
Schio (VI)
Valdagno (VI)
Tombelle di Vigonovo (VE)
Soave (VR)
Arzignano (VI)
Montebello Vicentino (VI)
San Donà di Piave (VE)
Montebelluna (TV)
Lugagnano (VR)
Bussolengo (VR)
Montecchio Maggiore (VI)
Valeggio sul Mincio (VR)
Creazzo (VI)
VICENZA (VI)
Gambellara (VI)
San Vendemiano (TV)
VICENZA (VI)
Chiarano (TV)
Creazzo (VI)
Campodarsego (PD)
Morgano (TV)
Valdagno (VI)
PADOVA (PD)
City/Town
Via Ponticello, 44
Via G. Galilei, 1
Via Penghe, 48
Via Palazzina, 1
Via D. Fochesato, 1
Viale Europa, 7
Via di Rivale, 49/51
Via I maggio, 9
Via dell’Oreficeria, 41
Via della Tecnica, 40
Via Dell’ Artigianato, 37
Viale Vicenza, 62 BIS
Via Riviera Berica, 42
Via dell’Artigianato, 32
Via dell’Industria, 2
Via Galileo Galilei, 8
Via Lungargine galtarossa, 21
Via Enrico Fermi, 3
Via Lazio, 5
Via Maestri del Lavoro, 3
Via Del Lavoro, 45
Via A. Volta, 2
Via Sabbionara, 1
Via del Lavoro, 7
Via Kennedy, 43
Via Feltrina Sud, 28
Via Betlemme, 17
Via dellAgricoltura, 46
Viale Europa, 75
Via Cavour, 9
Via Roma, 20
Viale dell’Artigianato, 9
Viale Europa, 3
Via dell’ Industria, 25
Via Divisione Folgore, 43
Via dell’Artigianato,12-1
Via Pasubio, 49
Via Olmo, 37
Via L. Einaudi, 2
Via Maestri del Lavoro, 1
Via Vigonovese, 123A
Address
TABLE VIII: Companies with electromobility priority of
Veneto Region.
http://www.oxygenworld.it
http://www.it.aprilia.it
http://www.zf.com
http://www.zallys.com
http://www.monovip.it
http://www.riello-ups.com
http://www.unus-int.it
http://www.texa.it
http://www.tdemacno.it
http://www.grupposme.com
http://www.bludrive.it
http://www.isgev.com
http://www.ksb.com/REEL-it
http://www.redoxsrl.com
http://www.powercontrolsystems.it
http://www.pimas.it
http://www.ofvspa.it
http://www.nuovasme.it
http://www.nsmgenerators.com
http://www.movimotor.it
http://www.midoritechnologies.it
http://www.midacbatteries.com
http://www.marellimotori.com
http://www.magneticspa.it
http://www.lafert.com
http://www.idm-srl.it
http://www.golfcar.it
http://www.fronius.com
http://www.fiammgroup.com
http://www.everel.eu
http://www.meccalte.com
http://www.eei.it
http://www.enersys.com
http://www.elettrolab.it
http://www.e-brain.it
http://www.decelettronica.com
http://www.cimamotori.com
http://www.carraro.com
http://www.astonenergy.it
http://www.amer.it/it/
http://www.alke.it
Homepage
27
Company name
ALSTOM grid S.p.A.
Nidec ASI SpA S.p.A.
Apd Technology s.r.l.
ASKOLL QUATTRO S.p.A.
ASKOLL TRE S.p.A.
Came S.p.A.
Cear S.p.A
Celco Profil s.r.l.
CMZ Sistemi Elettronici s.r.l.
EAS S.p.A.
Elettromeccanica Altissimo s.r.l.
Elettromeccanica Tessaro Marino s.r.l.
Elettronica Veneta & In.El. S.p.A.
Elpower s.r.l.
Gierre s.r.l.
G-TEC Europe srl
HDT group s.r.l.
Idea S.p.A.
Janus s.r.l.
Label Elettronica s.r.l.
Lever s.r.l.
Linz Electric S.p.A.
Lorj s.r.l.
Rotafil s.r.l.
Rowan Elettronica s.r.l.
RPM S.p.A.
Saccardo Elettromeccanica s.r.l.
Selco s.r.l.
Sicon Elettronica s.r.l.
Sincro s.r.l.
Sipro s.r.l
Soga s.p.a.
Troll s.r.l.
VALENIA S.p.A.
Vemat S.p.A.
Zanardi Alternatori s.r.l.
Zp Motori Elettrici s.r.l.
N◦
2
4
5
6
7
9
11
12
14
16
19
20
21
22
29
31
32
33
35
36
38
39
40
53
54
55
56
58
59
60
61
64
67
70
71
74
76
Electric Motor
Electric Motor
Electric Generator
PV Inverter
PCB
Electric Generator
Electric Drive
Electric Generator
UPS
PV Inverter, Welding Machine
Electric Drive
Electric Motor
Electric Drive
Electric Motor
PCB
Electric Generator
Power Electronic
Automation
PCB
Control Unit
Electric Drive
UPS, PV Inverter
Power Electronic
Power Electronic for renewable energy
Electronic System design
Electric Generator
Electric Generator
PCB
Automation
Electric Motor
Electric Motor
Electric machine die castings
Household Appliance
Automation
Electric Motor for pumps
Automation
Energy
Notes
31049
36077
36075
36030
37053
36075
37100
36073
36033
35019
36014
45021
36030
35100
35010
37040
37024
35010
31020
37049
36030
36031
31033
36025
31045
36015
36070
36015
31050
30030
36050
36070
36031
36010
31040
36054
30020
Postcode
Valdobbiadene (TV)
Altavilla Vicentina (VI)
Montecchio Maggiore (VI)
Villaverla (VI)
Cerea (VR)
Montecchio Maggiore (VI)
VERONA (VR)
Cornedo Vicentino (VI)
Isola Vicentina (VI)
Tombolo (PD)
Santorso (VI)
Badia Polesine (RO)
Caldogno (VI)
PADOVA (PD)
Carmignano di Brenta (PD)
Arcole (VR)
Arbizzano (VR)
Limena (PD)
San Vendemiano (TV)
Villa Bartolomea (VR)
Monte Di Malo (VI)
Povolaro di Dueville (VI)
Castelfranco Veneto (TV)
Noventa Vicentina (VI)
Motta di Livenza (TV)
Schio (VI)
Altissimo (VI)
Schio (VI)
Carbonera (TV)
Vigonovo (VE)
Montorso Vicentino (VI)
Altissimo (VI)
Dueville (VI)
Cavazzale di Monticello Conte Otto (VI)
Chiarano (TV)
Montebello Vicentino(VI)
Noventa di Piave (VE)
City/Town
Via Erizzo, 376
Via Lago Maggiore, 16/18
Via Gualda, 10
Via A. De Gasperi, 3
Via Pisa, 4
Via della Tecnica, 15
Viale dell’Industria, 7
Via Tezze, 3
Via Sila, 1/3
Via Palladio, 19
Via Casa Celeste, 10
Via Galileo Farraris, 949/A
Via Ugo Foscolo, 20
Via Belgio, 20
Via Camazzole, 21
Viale del Lavoro, 30
Viale del Lavoro, 17
Viale della Repubblica, 18
Via Palù, 70
ViaParallela, 2/4
Via Sile, 8
Strada Marosticana, 81/13
Via Stradazza, 34/A
Via Beggiato, 23
Via Postumia, 16
Via Lago di Albano, 51
Via Gassa, 14/B
Via Lago di Garda, 10
Via dell’Artigianato, 21
Via dell’Artigianato, 4
Via Valchiampo, 14
Via Bauci, 24
Via Industria, 11
Via Parmesana, 29B
Via Vittorio Veneto, 16
Strada Statale 11, 4
Via Meucci 22
Address
TABLE IX: Companies with development potential in
EMob filed of Veneto Region.
http://www.zpmotori.it
http://www.zanardialternatori.it
http://www.vemat.it
http://www.valenia.com
http://www.trollsystem.com
http://www.sogagroup.com
http://www.sipro.vr.it
http://www.sogagroup.com
http://www.socomec-sicon.com
http://www.selco-energy-inverter.it
http://www.saccardo.it
http://www.rpm-motorielettrici.com
http://www.rowan.it
http://www.rotafil.it
http://www.lorj.it
http://www.linzelectric.com
http://www.lever.it
http://www.labelelettronica.it
http://www.jns.it
http://www.gruppogiordano.com
http://www.hdtlovato.com
http://www.gtec-power.eu
http://www.aagierre.it
http://www.elpower.it/
http://www.elettronicaveneta.com
http://www.tmmotori.it
http://www.elettromeccanicaaltissimo.com
http://www.eas.it
http://www.cmz.it
http://www.celcoprofil.com
http://www.cearmotors.com
http://www.came-italy.com
http://appliance.askoll.com
http://automation.askoll.com
http://www.apdtechnology.it
http://www.nidec-asi.com
http://www.areva-td.com
Homepage
28
VEGA
VENETO INNOVAZIONE S.p.A.
P
UNIVERSITA’ degli STUDI di PADOVA
O
N
-
TREVISO TECNOLOGIA
UNIVERSITA’ Ca’ FOSCARI di VENEZIA
TECNO LOGICA s.r.l.
I
L
SINTECH s.r.l.
H
M
-
RTM BREDA s.r.l.
G
-
-
x
-
x
-
GALILEO Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico
-
-
-
-
F
CENTRO PRODUTTIVITA VENETO (CPV)
FONDAZIONE GIACOMO RUMOR
E
x
CREI Ven S.c.a.r.l
EIDON LAB
C
CONSORZIO ETHICS
B
D
-
CONFINDUSTRIA VENETO SIAV S.p.A.
A
EMob
priority
Company name
N◦
Transfer of Technology, Promotion of Applied Research
Transfer of Technology
Applied Research, Transfer of Technology
Applied Research, Transfer of Technology
Transfer of Technology
Design Consultancy
Automation
Design Consultancy
Transfer of Technology
Lecture for Company, Transfer of Technology
Transfer of Technology
Design Consultancy
Design Consultancy
Consultancy Service
Notes
30172
30175
35122
30123
31020
31027
36050
36010
35127
36100
35129
35127
35031
30172
Postcode
Mestre (VE)
Marghera (VE)
PADOVA (PD)
VENEZIA (VE) Dorsoduro
Lancenigo di Villorba (TV)
Spresiano (TV)
Quinto Vicentino (VI)
Carrè (VI)
PADOVA (PD)
VICENZA (VI)
PADOVA (PD)
PADOVA (PD)
Abano Terme (PD)
Mestre (VE)
City/Town
Via Torino, 105
Via della Libert, 12
Via 8 Febbraio, 2
3246
Via Roma, 4
Via Indipendenza
Via Montegrappa, 7L
Via Bianche, 18
Corso Stati Uniti, 14 bis
Via Eugenio Montale , 27
Piazzetta Primo Modin, 12
Corso Spagna, 12
Piazza Biagio Marin, 5
Via Torino 151/c
Address
TABLE X: Research institutions list of Veneto Region.
Where “x” indicates the research institutions with electromobility priority and “-” indicates the research institutions
development potential in EMob filed.
http://www.venetoinnovazione.it
http://www.vegapark.ve.it
http://www.unipd.it
http://www.unive.it
http://www.tvtecnologia.it
http://www.tecno-logica.com
http://www.sintech-automation.com
http://www.rtmbreda.it
http://www.galileopark.it
http://www.cpv.org
http://www.eidon-lab.eu
http://www.creiven.it
http://www.ethics.it
http://www.siav.net
Homepage
Questionnaire
The aim of this questionnaire is to detect the current state of the art in the electromobility filed from
industrial point of view in the Veneto Region.
General information on the company (optional)
1) Company or organization name
•
2) Number of employees
• < 10 employees
• 10 - 30 employees
• 31 - 60 employees
• 61 - 100 employees
• > 100 employees
3) Years of activity
• < 5 years
• 5 - 10 years
• 11 - 20 years
• > 20 years
4) Area of interest or related to your business
• Power electronics
• Control electronics
• Electrical machines
• Energy storage systems
• Industrial Automation
• Vehicle
• Mechanical Transmission
• Other
5) Headquarters Province
• Belluno
• Padova
• Rovigo
• Treviso
• Venezia
• Verona
• Vicenza
Information on Electromobility field
1) In this sector, in which field work
• Generation
• Traction
• Energy storage system
• Auxiliary services
• Vehicle dynamic
• Other (please specify)
29
2) Vehicle size
• Ultra-light (< 1 kW)
• Light (1 ÷ 10 kW)
• Mild (11 ÷ 50 kW)
• Heavy (> 50 kW)
3) Electromobility sector percentage in your company business
• < 20 %
• 20 - 50 %
• 51 - 80 %
• > 80 %
4) The products manufactured by this field are marketed in
• Veneto Region
• Italy
• Europe
• Asia
• America
• Rest of the world
Research and development (R&D)
1) Employees number of R&D unit
• < 5 employees
• 5 - 10 employees
• 11 - 15 employees
• > 15 employees
2) Number of years that the company has the R&D unit
• From the foundation
• < 2 years
• 2 - 5 years
• > 5 years
National/European project in electromobility field
1) Number of National/European project in last 10 years
• 1 National/European project
• 2 - 4 National/European projects
• 5 - 7 National/European projects
• > 7 National/European projects
2) When you have finished the last National/European project
• currently ongoing
• 1 - 4 years ago
• 5 - 10 years ago
• > 10 years ago
3) Names of these National/European projects
•
4) Mostly these National/European projects involved the collaboration with other companies
• No
30
Yes, Veneto Region
• Yes, Italy
• Yes, Europe
• Yes, Asia
• Yes, America
• Yes, rest of the world
5) Mainly how many companies have been involved in theseNational/European projects
• 1 - 3 companies
• 4 - 5 companies
• 7 - 10 companies
• > 10 companies
6) Mainly how many universities/research institutions have been involved in these National/European
projects
• none
• 1 - 3 universities/research institutions
• 4 - 5 universities/research institutions
• 7 - 10 universities/research institutions
• > 10 universities/research institutions
7) Mainly as a valued experience of such National/European projects
• Totally useless
• More useless than useful
• More useful than useless
• Very useful for future developments
• None of the above
•
Collaborations with other companies/research institutions in electromobility field
1) Number of collaborations with other companies/research institutions in last 10 years
• 1 collaboration
• 2 - 4 collaborations
• 5 - 7 collaborations
• > 7 collaborations
2) When you have finished the last collaboration with other companies/research institutions
• currently ongoing
• 1 - 4 years ago
• 5 - 10 years ago
• > 10 years ago
3) Mostly these collaboration with other companies/research institutes involved the collaboration with
other companies
• No
• Yes, Veneto Region
• Yes, Italy
• Yes, Europe
• Yes, Asia
• Yes, America
• Yes, rest of the world
4) Mainly how many companies have been involved in these cooperations
31
1 - 3 companies
• 4 - 5 companies
• 7 - 10 companies
• > 10 companies
5) Mainly how many universities/research institutions have been involved in these cooperations
• None
• 1 - 3 universities/research institutions
• 4 - 5 universities/research institutions
• 7 - 10 universities/research institutions
• > 10 universities/research institutions
6) Mainly as a valued experience of such cooperation with other companies/research institutions
• Totally useless
• More useless than useful
• More useful than useless
• Very useful for future developments
• None of the above
•
32