ENJ P2(U3 4) 11-16 2PP.qxd
Transcript
ENJ P2(U3 4) 11-16 2PP.qxd
ENJ P2(U3 4) 11-16 2PP.qxd 118 8/14/06 4:20 PM Page 118 THE RENAISSANCE Principal Works Operas, including Orfeo (1607) and L’incoronazione di Poppea (The Coronation of Poppea, 1642); other dramatic music, including Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda (The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, 1624) Secular vocal music, including 9 books of madrigals (1587–1651; Book 9, posthumous), Scherzi musicali, and canzonettas Sacred vocal music, including Vespers (1610), Masses, Magnificats, madrigali spirituali, motets, and psalms I]Z:c_dnbZcid[Bjh^XEVX`V\Z I]ZCdgidcGZXdgY^c\h I]ZDca^cZA^hiZc^c\AVW Listening Guide HijYnHeVXZ oll ) - Monteverdi: Ecco mormorar l’onde (Here, now, the waves murmer) 89"GDB DATE OF WORK: Published 1590, Second Book of Madrigals 89"GDB I]Z:c_dnbZcid[Bjh^X GENRE: TEXT: WHAT TO LISTEN FOR: Italian madrigal, 5 voices (SSATB) 89"GDB I]Z:c_dnbZcid[Bjh^X! H]dgiZg 14 lines, rhyming a-a-b-b-c-c-d-d-e-e-f-f-g-gI]ZCdgidcHXdgZh by Torquato Tasso I]Z:c_dnbZcid[Bjh^X! H]dgiZgZWdd` HijYn<j^YZ Careful musical pictorialization of each image of nature (waves, rustling leaves, birds’ song, breeze). Alternation of voice groups, from low to high, in playful exchange. Clear text declamation and repeated phrases. Somber mood and slower pace in closing line, to portray “heavy heart.” TEXT TRANSLATION Ecco mormorar l’onde e tremolar le fronde a l’aura matutina e gli arborscelli, [Ecco mormorar . . . ] e sovra i verdi rami i vaghi augelli cantar soavemente, e rider l’oriente. Ecco già l’alba appare e si specchia nel mare, e rasserena il cielo, e imperla il dolce gielo, e gli alti monti indora. Oh, bella e vag’aurora, l’aura è tua messaggiera, e tu de l’aura ch’ogni arso cor ristaura! Here, now, the waves murmur And the leaves and young poplars tremble In the morning breeze [Here, now, the waves murmur . . . ] And upon the green branches the enchanting birds sing sweetly, And the East smiles. Here, now, the dawn breaks And is mirrored in the sea, And calms the sky, And adorns the light frost with pearls, And gilds the towering mountains. O lovely, gentle dawn, The breeze is your messenger, and you of the breeze That restores every heavy heart. —Translation by William F. Prizer ENJ P2(U3 4) 11-16 2PP.qxd 8/14/06 4:20 PM Page 119 16 Renaissance Secular Music Examples of word painting: Rustling of leaves (“tremolar le fronde”), in wavelike pattern: E j j j j œ œ œ œ tre - mo - lar le j j j œ œ œ œ J fron - de E tre - mo - lar fron - de &b œ &b œ œ œ œ le œ Morning breeze (“a l’aura matutina”), with flowing melisma: œ Vb A œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ l’au - n œ œ œ œ bœ ra ma - tu - ti œ œ œ - Sweet singing of birds (“cantar soavemente”), drawn out in long melisma: &b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Can - tar &b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Can - tar œ œ œ so - œ - ˙ a - ve - men œ so ˙ œ - te, - te, ˙ œ a - ve - men Full-textured, slow-moving chords for “heavy heart”: ˙ &b Ó ˙ Ch’o &b ˙ ˙ gni ar - so ˙ ˙ Ch’o - gni ar &b w - - Vb ˙ ra ˙ l’au - ra ∑ so Ó w l’au b ˙ ˙ ˙ l’au - ra ? - ˙ Ó ˙ cor ˙ Ch’o ∑ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ cor ri ˙ Ch’o ˙ - ˙ ˙ Ch’o - gni ar - ˙ so cor Ó - ˙ gni ar ˙ Ch’o - gni ar - so ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ - ˙ cor ˙ Ch’o - gni ar The English Madrigal “Since singing is so good a thing, I wish that all men would learne to sing.” —WILLIAM BYRD Just as Shakespeare adapted the Italian sonnet, so the English composers developed the Italian madrigal into a native art form. The brilliance of the Elizabethan age is reflected in the school of madrigalists who flourished in the late sixteenth century, during the reigns of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and James I (1603–25). Among the œ na e gli ar 119