Sant`Anna - Quadrato della Radio

Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna
di studi universitari e di perfezionamento
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superare i limiti della miniaturizzazione, integrazione, varietà e densità; potenziare le
prestazioni e la producibilità a costi ridotti;
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accesso “ubiquitario” a reti eterogenee fisse, mobili, senza filo e di radiodiffusione,
dalla sfera personale all’area regionale e mondiale per volumi consistenti di dati e
servizi in qualsiasi momento e in qualsiasi posto.
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sistemi potenti, sicuri e distribuiti incorporati in oggetti e in infrastrutture fisiche
e in grado di controllare il proprio ambiente e di adattarvisi.
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software e servizi dinamici, adattabili, dal funzionamento sicuro e affidabili e
nuove architetture di trattamento
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sistemi artificiali “bio-ispirati” che percepiscono, comprendono, apprendono ed
evolvono ed agiscono in modo autonomo;
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strumenti per la progettazione innovativa e la creatività nei prodotti, i servizi e i
mezzi di comunicazione digitali
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•Expected retirement of 100 satellites between 2006
and 2011
•Trend towards increasingly greater mass and power
•AlphaBus is Europe's answer to satisfying the
growing demand in the commercial Large Platform
Market for the coming 15 years
12
Living in a Cyberspace
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Living in a Cyberspace
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Living in a Cyberspace
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“Knowing where we are”
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BASED on integration of GALILEO with com nets,
in 10 years, there should be a ubiquitous, open
infrastructure that allows any properly equipped
device to determine its location, both inside and
outside, to a suitable level of precision.
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Living in a Cyberspace
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•Wireless communication + GALILEO
•Integrating audio, video and sensors
•Ambient and service intelligence
•Virtual multimedia content delivery
•Augmented reality
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GRID networks
• A type of parallel and distributed system
that enables the sharing, selection, & aggregation
of geographically distributed “autonomous” resources:
– Computers – PCs, workstations, clusters, supercomputers,
laptops, notebooks, mobile devices, PDA, etc;
Wide
area
– Software – e.g., renting expensive special purpose applications on demand;
– Catalogued data and databases – e.g. transparent access to
human genome database;
– Special devices/instruments – e.g., radio telescope – SETI@Home searching for life
in galaxy.
depending on their availability, capability, cost, and user
QoS requirements.
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Global Grid
GRIDs
Cluster Grid
Cluster
high bisection
bandwidth (100 Gb/s)
Bottleneck
GbE switch
OC-48 Cloud
2.5 Gb/s
Workstations
Enterprise Grid
Grid Interconnect
switch
OC-12
External connection 622.08 Mb/s
at n x GbE
10 Gb/s
high bisection
bandwidth (100 Gb/s)
Enterprise Grid
40 Gb/s
40 Gb/s
high bisection
bandwidth (100 Gb/s)
ION
#:
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GMPLS Router
10 Gb/s
high bisection
bandwidth (100 Gb/s)
10 Gb/s
low bisection bandwidth
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Domotics
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Body-Area Networks???
E se gli abiti, la pelle, le “personal body
networks" fossero in grado di colloquiare e
monitorare il nostro stato dovunque noi
andiamo?
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Autonomic Communications
An integrated technology platform for sensing,
communicating, decision making and reacting in
future networking and networked businesses
Autonomic communication is centred around networking
selfware – a novel approach to perform network control,
management, middle box communication, etc. based on
principles of high evolvability (to be part of yet unknown,
responding to unexpected) and generic network
instrumentation
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Autonomic Communications (cont’d)
-Autonomic communication studies the individual network
element as it is affected by and affects elements and the
often numerous groups to which it belongs as well as
network in general.
The goals are to understand how desired element’s
behaviors are learned, influenced or changed, and how, in
turn, these affect other elements, groups and network.
-Selfware principles and technologies borrow largely from
autonomous distributed systems research, nonconventional networking (ad hoc, sensor, peer-to-peer,
group communication, active networks, etc.), formal
methods, etc.
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The emerging “Self-*”
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Access System Issues
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MAN System Issues
Optical Packet Switching
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MAN Component Issues
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GAN/WAN System Issues
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GAN/WAN Component Issues
39
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Quantum cryptography
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Quantum Key Distribution:
Il canale quantistico non è usato per transmettere il messaggio, ma
per condividere una chiave generata casualmente. Ogni intruso (Eve)
può essere scoperto nel canale quantistico. Alice può quindi inviare
in sicurezza informazione a Bob usando un canale convenzionale.40
Quantum Criptography
Single Photon Sources
E’ necessario emettere solo un fotone per bit (ideal Qbit) per rivelare
l’intrusione, che altera inevitabilmente i parametri del fotone
C’è una piccola probabilità di generare più di un fotone o di una coppia
di fotoni allo stesso tempo: una emissione multi-fotone può avere
importanti conseguenze negative sulla sicurezza della chiave
La realizzazione pratica è basata su
Faint Laser Source, (sorgenti laser a debolissima intensità) con un numero
medio di fotoni per unità di tempo ultra basso e statistiche di Poisson per
descrivere la generazione dei fotoni
Coppie di fotoni generate con particolari accorgimenti, approccio che
rende il processo di rivelazione più affidabile: un secondo rivelatore è attivato solo
se il primo rivela un fotone. La realizzazione contemporanea della coppia di fotoni
è basata su proprietà non lineari dei cristalli.
41
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Digital photonics
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• label processing through optical logic gates
• switch driving through optical flip/flop, ….
• signal switching (space, wavelength, time)
• optical buffering
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Our lab logic gates
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Time [100 ps/Div]
Time [20 ps/Div]
5) In 10 years integrated SOA
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43
gates will be in real systems
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Biophotonics
Biophotonics: the science of generating, transmitting, and
detecting photons that interact with tissue or biomolecules
application of photonic
products and techniques in
the fields of medicine,
biology and biotechnology.
Spectrometry
Surgery
Sensing
“…If
electronics is one of the more mature industries, photonics is
maybe 10-15 years behind electronics, and biophotonics is 10-15 years
behind that. It’s just beginning.”
There are tremendous opportunities in the next decade or two in44the
whole area of biotechnology, and biophotonics will play a key role
Biophotonics for Optics Communications Devices
High rate modulators, switches, frequency converters, light emitting
diodes all based on organic semiconductors and polymer-based
integrated optics open the possibility of large volume and low cost
production facilities as well as the
availability of new broadband services.
Gelatin-based Diffraction Grating
Organic Light Emitting Diode -45OLED
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Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna
di studi universitari e di perfezionamento
[email protected]
[email protected]
47
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48
Received peak power
Time [100 ps/Div]
Time [20 ps/Div]