Seminario sulle cellule staminali e invecchiamento

Transcript

Seminario sulle cellule staminali e invecchiamento
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Le cellule staminali dell’embrione: cosa possono fare
Embryonic stem cells are exciting because they can make all the different types of cell in
the body – scientists say these cells are pluripotent.
Cellule nervose, cellule muscolari, cellule del sangue, cellule del fegato, cellule della
pelle etc…
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Embryonic stem cells: Where they come from
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are taken from inside the blastocyst, a very early stage
embryo. The blastocyst is a ball of about 50-100 cells and it is not yet implanted in the
womb. It is made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled space and a group of cells
called the inner cell mass. ES cells are found in the inner cell mass.
For a simple, clear explanation of how embryonic stem cells are obtained, watch the
film, “A Stem Cell Story”, at www.eurostemcell.org/films
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Embryonic stem cells: Challenges
Scientists around the world are trying to understand how and why embryonic stem cells
produce skin, blood, nerve or any other particular kind of specialized cell. What controls
the process so that the stem cells make the right amount of each cell type, at the right
time?
The big challenge for scientists is to learn how to control these fascinating cells. If we
could force embryonic stem cells to make whatever kind of cell we want, then we would
have a powerful tool for developing treatments for disease. For example, perhaps we
could grow new insulin-producing cells to transplant into a patient with diabetes. But
there is a great deal to learn before such therapies can be developed. Scientists also
want to use stem cells to:
•Understand how diseases develop (disease modelling)
•Test drugs in the laboratory
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Cellule staminali dei tessuti: dove le troviamo
Noi tutti abbiamo cellule staminali nel nostro corpo. Queste sono essenziali per il
benessere e la salute perchè rimpiazzano le cellule danneggiate gli scienziati stanno
ancora lavorando sui differenti tipi di cellule staminali dei tessuti che si possono trovare
nel nostro corpo per capire che cosa possono fare
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Tissue stem cells: What they can do
Le cellule staminali dei tessuti possono spesso fare diversi tipi di cellule specializzate ma
sono piu limitate rispetto a quelle embrionali. Le cellule staminali dei tessuti abbiamo
detto che possono originare solo le cellul del tessuto in cui sono presenti. Cosi le cellule
staminali del sangue possono fare tutti I tipi di cellule che si trovano nel sangue, cellule
staminali del cervello possono originare tutti I tipi di cellule del cervello e cosi via
Scientists say that tissue stem cells are multipotent because they can make multiple
types of specialized cell, but NOT all the kinds of cell in your body.
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Tissue stem cells: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
HSCs = cellule staminali del sangue
HSCs sono isolate dal midollo osseo. Esse differenziano in progenitori che danno origine
a tutti I tipi specializzati di cellule del sangue
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Tissue stem cells: Neural stem cells (NSCs)
Le cellule staminali nervose sono isolate da specifiche aree del cervello. Esse danno
origine ai progenitori che danno origine a loro volta a tutte le cellule specializzate del
cervello.
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Tissue stem cells: Gut stem cells (GSCs)
GSCs = intestinal stem cells
GSCs are present in the small intestine. They give rise to committed progenitors, which
then give rise to all specialized intestinal cell types. Le cellule di paneth sono cellule della
mucosa dell’intestino tenue e producono enzimi proteolitici e antimicrobici per la difesa
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Tissue stem cells: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
MSCs are isolated from the bone marrow. They give rise to committed progenitors,
which then give rise to all specialized mesenchymal cell types (bone, cartilage, fat).
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Le cellule di clara o cellule brochiolari contribuiscono a mantenere fluido il muco.
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