likhauri gasification project

Transcript

programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba
- energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba _ energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa saqarTveloSi
i
programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefaseba
_ energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programa saqarTveloSi
2006w ivlisi
moamzades:
deil Sileikisma, URS korporacia
migel frankom, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
greg maiklsma, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
kreg van develdem, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
mariam baxtaZem, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
giorgi ramiSvilma, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
giorgi WeiSvilma, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
natalia nikuraZem, PA government servisis - saqarTvelo
mommzadebulia:
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis aSS samTavrobo saagento
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo
SeniSvna E
EFEE
am informaciis mopoveba SesaZlebeli gaxda saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis aSS samTavrobo
saagentos mier uzrunvelyofili mxardaWeriT, erToblivi SeTanxmebis # 114-A-00-05-00106-00
safuZvelze. aq motanili mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtorebs da SesaZlebelia ar daemTxves
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis aSS samTavrobo saagentos TvalTaxedvas.
progrmuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba _ energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa saqarTveloSi
Sinaarsi
mimoxilvaEBA.............................................................................................................................. 6
1. Sesavali da Sejameba........................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Sesavali .................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis
saagento/kavkasia/saqarTvelo energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa...............9
2.1.1 amocana 1: gazrdili energomomarageba .................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 amocana 2: adgilobrivi energowarmoebis marTvis gaumjobeseba ..................13
2.1.3 amocana 3: qveynis SigniT arsebuli gaumjobesebuli SesaZleblobebi
soflis energetikisa da alternatiuli energetikis gamoyenebaSi ............13
2.1.3 amocana 4: adgilobrivi energo resursebis bazis gamoyenebisa da
dacvis gaumjobesebuli SesaZlebloba....................................................................................16
2.2 programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis damokidebuleba energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programasTan..................................................................................................................17
2.2.1 energetikuli nagebobebis reabilitaciis warmomadgenlobiTi
obieqtebi .................................................................................................................................................................17
2.2.2 ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis proeqtebi .....................................17
2.2.3 bunebrivi resursebis marTvis gegmebi.......................................................................................17
2.3 tipiuri samSeneblo saqmianobebi...............................................................................................................19
2.3.1 mcire hes-ebis proeqtebi.......................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.2 bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis proeqtebi.................................................................................. 29
3. analizi da alternativebi.............................................................................................. 33
3.1 energiasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis ganxiluli tipebi.......................................33
3.2 alternativebis SemuSaveba ...............................................................................................................................36
arCeuli alternativa: ............................................................................................................................................37
3.3.1 alternativa 1 - qmedebis gareSe....................................................................................................38
3.3.2 alternativa 2 – soflad energetikis ganviTarebis yovlismomcveli
mxardaWera .............................................................................................................................................................38
3.3.3 alternativa 3 – saSualo masStabis energo infrastruqturis
mxardaWera da ganviTareba; arCeuli alternativa ......................................................39
3.3.4 alternativa 4 - ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis da
mxardaWera da saqmianobebis ganviTareba ..............................................................................39
3.3.5 alternativa 5 - soflad energetikis ganviTarebis saqmianobebis
ganviTareba............................................................................................................................................................39
4. garemosdacviTi maregulirebeli sakiTxebi da politika ..................................... 42
4.1 Sesavali.............................................................................................................................................................................. 42
4.2 warmodgenili saqmianobis institucionaluri CarCoebi ...................................................43
4.3 mSeneblobis/reabilitaciis nebarTva da garemosdacviTi politika ................... 44
4.4 daskvna.................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
5. sabaziso monacemebi/zemoqmedeba garemoze ................................................................. 48
geologia: sofeli kexijvari Sida qarTlis dablobze mdebareobs da Sida
qarTlis, qarelis raions ekuTvnis. simaRle daaxloebiT 700-dan 750
metramdea. sofeli gaSenebulia mdinare Zamaze, romelic mdinare
mtkvris Senakads warmoadgens (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w)............................. 49
5.1.4 kalauri .................................................................................................................................................................... 50
5.1.9 fSaveli......................................................................................................................................................................53
5.1.10 sarTiWala .............................................................................................................................................................53
5.3 biologiuri resursebi........................................................................................................................................ 65
5.3.1 saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi ekosistemebi da biomebi .............................. 65
5.3.2 abhesi........................................................................................................................................................................... 69
5.3.3 Zama (kexijvari) ................................................................................................................................................. 70
5.3.4 kabali .........................................................................................................................................................................71
progrmuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba _ energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa saqarTveloSi
3
5.3.5 kalauri .....................................................................................................................................................................73
5.3.6 kahareTi .................................................................................................................................................................... 74
5.3.7 KxidisTavi.............................................................................................................................................................. 77
5.3.8 lopota (nafareuli).................................................................................................................................... 78
5.3.9 MmaWaxela (qed-qedi)...................................................................................................................................... 80
5.3.10 PfSaveli................................................................................................................................................................ 82
5.3.11 sarTiWala .............................................................................................................................................................83
5.4.11 sarTiWala .............................................................................................................................................................93
5.5 kulturuli resursebi........................................................................................................................................ 94
5.5.1 qveynis mimoxilva ............................................................................................................................................ 95
5.5.2 abhesi........................................................................................................................................................................... 95
5.5.3 Zama (kexijvari) ................................................................................................................................................. 95
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: Zveli sasaflaos teritoriaze me15
saukuniT daTariRebuli wm giorgis eklesiaa aSenebuli................................... 95
5.5.4 kabali ........................................................................................................................................................................ 95
5.5.5 kalauri .................................................................................................................................................................... 96
5.5.6 kaxareTi ................................................................................................................................................................... 96
5.5.7 xidisTavi ................................................................................................................................................................ 96
5.5.8 lopota (nafareuli) ................................................................................................................................... 96
5.5.9 maWaxela (qed-qedi) ........................................................................................................................................ 97
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: sofel gvaraSi ganlagebul mcire hesis adgilidan CrdiloeTiT sami kilometris manZilze mdebareobs
sabWoTa periodSi restavrirebuli cixesimagre. cixesimagre Sua
saukuneebiT TariRdeba. ........................................................................................................................... 97
5.5.10 fSaveli .................................................................................................................................................................. 97
5.5.11 sarTiWala ............................................................................................................................................................ 98
6. zemoqmedeba garemoze........................................................................................................ 99
am qve-TavSi aRwerilia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis danergvis
potenciuri garemo Sedegebi biologiur resursebze, romelic gvxvdeba
farTo da mravalferovan geografiul arealSi. rogorc aseTi, am qveTavSi
aRwerili potenciuri zegavlenebi warmoadgenen zegavlenaTa mTel rigs,
romelic SeiZleba warmoeiqmnas mcire hidroenergetikis da bunebrivi airis
proeqtebis danergvis Sedegad. ...........................................................................................................................114
7. garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da monitoringis gegma.............. 130
7.1 geologia da niadagebi ...................................................................................................................................... 134
7.1.1 mcire hidroeleqtrodagurebis proeqtebi.......................................................................... 134
7.2 wylis resursebi...................................................................................................................................................... 136
7.2.1 mcire hidroeleqtrodagurebis proeqtebi ......................................................................... 136
7.2.2 bunbrivi gazis gamanawilebeli sistemebi .......................................................................... 145
7.3 biologiuri resursebi ......................................................................................................................................151
7.3.1 mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis............................................................................................................151
7.4 adamianuri resursebi.......................................................................................................................................... 156
7.4.1 mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi....................................................................... 156
7.4.2 bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebeli sistemebis zemoqmedeba.................................... 159
7.5 kulturuli resursebi...................................................................................................................................... 162
7.5.1 mcire hidroeleqtrodagurebis proeqtebi.......................................................................... 162
4
danarTi a – proeqtis maxasiaTeblebis cxrili – mcire hes-ebi da bunebrivi
gazis sistemebi................................................................................................................... 183
danarTi b – garemosdacviTi skrininguli SejamebiTi cxrili .............................. 187
danarTi g – damatebiTi rukebi ........................................................................................206
danarTi d - sajaro konsultaciebi - organizaciebisgan miRebuli konsultaciebi
da Catarebuli interviuebi............................................................................................. 212
danarTi e – skopingis ganacxadi.......................................................................................227
danarTi v - monitoringis gegma – moxseneba savele vizitis Sesaxeb ...................260
danarTi z – saukeTesogamocdilebis standartebi mSeneblobisa da sxva
saproeqto moqmedebebisaTvis .......................................................................................... 261
5
mimoxilvaEBA
es moxseneba warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID)/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s mier dafinansebuli
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis programul garemosdacviT
Sefasebas. am programas gaaCnia mravali energetikuli siaxlis ganxorcielebis
SesaZlebloba sakmaod didi farTobis sxvadasxva teritoriaze. amocanis
sirTulis gamo, programul garemosdacviT SefasebasTan dakavSirebulma
saqmianobam (dawyebuli skoupingiT da dasrulebuli saboloo moxsenebiT)
gastana Svid Tveze met xans da moicavda urTierTobas mraval adgilobriv da
saerTaSoriso eqspertTan.
avtorebi madlobas uxdian mraval adamians (CamoTvlilia danarTSi d),
romlebmac dro da wvlili Seitanes am Sefasebis warmoebaSi. aman uzrunvelyo
mniSvnelovani mosazrebebi da xedva, rac gamoiyeneba programis energetikis
ganviTareba soflad samomavlo danergvisTvis.
avtorebi gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdian USAID energetikisa da garemos
dacvis ofiss TbilisSi (saqarTvelo), Semowmebisa da mimoxilvis procesSi
maTi mxardaWerisTvis. damatebiT, madlobas vuxdiT CHF inTerneiSenals maTi
proeqtis monacemebis da garemosdacviTi mimoxilvis procesebis CvenTvis
gaziarebisTvis.
Tumca yvelanairi Zalisxmeva iyo gamoyenebuli monawileTa Sexedulebebis
zustad gadmosacemad, avtorebi Tavis Tavze iReben mTel pasuxismgeblobas
nebismier faqtiur Secdomasa Tu gaugebrobaze, rac SeiZleboda uneblied
moxvedriliyo am moxsenebaSi.
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1.
Sesavali da Sejameba
1.1 Sesavali
USAID-is garemosdacviTi debulebebi (22 CFR 216), romelic deb. 216-is
saxeliTaa cnobili, saagentos resursebiT dafinansebuli saqmianobebis
garemosdacviTi kuTxiT gadaxedvis pirobebsa da procedurebs gansazRvravs.
debulebebSi, aseve, igulisxmeba, rom programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas raTa 1) Sefasdes ramdenime erTgvari qmedebis
garemosdacviTi efeqti da maTi krebiTi zemoqmedeba garemoze mocemul
qveyanasa Tu geografiul zonaSi; 2) ganisazRvros garemoze zemoqmedeba,
rodesac is zogadi an saagentos saqmianobis tipisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli;
an 3) gadaixedos sxva saqmianobebi, romlebic qveynis specifikas ar
eqvemdebareba. saqarTveloSi energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
SemTxvevaSi programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis momzadebis motivacia
ramdenime erTgvari qmedebisa da saagentos mier energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis tipisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli garemoze zemoqmedebis kombinacia gaxda. USAID evropisa da
evraziis biuros garemosdacviTi oficris, USAID kavkasiis regionuli misiis
garemosdacviTi oficris, da USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelos energiisa da
garemosdacviTi ganviTarebis direqtors Soris diskusiis safuZvelze,
ganisazRvra, rom programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli soflad energetikis
ganviTarebis proeqtebis garemosdacviTi dasufTavebisaTvis yvelaze qmediTi
midgoma iqneboda.
saqarTveloSi momuSave specialistTa jgufma ganaxorciela soflad
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis skopingis procesi. procesi moicavda Sesabamisi saorientacio
masalebis siRrmiseul Seswavlas, gasvliT vizitebs soflad energetikis
ganviTarebis savaraudo adgilebsa da TemebSi da konsultaciebs saqarTvelos
mTavrobis oficialur pirebTan, energetikuli proeqtebis mosazRvre soflebSi
mcxovreb Temebis warmomadgenlebTan da misiis TanamSromlebTan. deb. 216-is
moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad skopingis gancxadeba gadaxedvisa da damtkicebisaTvis
gadaeca USAID evropisa da evraziis biuros garemosdacviT oficersa da
USAID kavkasiis regionuri misiis garemosdacviT oficers.
skopingis jgufis mier Sesrulebulma samuSaom niadagi moamzada programuli
garemosdacviTi SefasebisaTvis. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
skopingis ganxcadebis (danarTi e) momzadebis dros wamoWrili sakiTxebi
Seswavlil iqna programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis mravaldisciplinuri
jgufis mier literaturis Seswavlis, monawileebTan interviuebis,
mravaljeradi savele Sefasebisa da garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizis
meSveobiT. skopingis meSveobiT gansazRvruli sakiTxebis, literaturisa da
debulebebis Seswavlis, interviuebis, savele da skrininguli Sefasebebis
mopovebuli informaciis integrirebisas programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufis teqnikurma specialistebma gamoyves is teqnikuri disciplinebi,
romlebzec yuradReba gamaxvildeboda programuli garemosdacviT SefasebaSi.
programuli garemosdacviT SefasebaSi Setanili teqnikuri disciplinebia:
•
•
•
•
•
geologia da niadagebi
wylis resursebi
biologiuri resursebi
socioekonomika (maT Soris jandacva)
kulturuli resursebi.
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debuleba 216 aseve nebadarTulad miiCnevs detaluri kvlevidan iseTi
sakiTxebis amoRebas, romlebic ar aris gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis, Sesuli iyo
wina garemosdacviT mimoxilvaSi an damtkicebuli saproeqto ganacxadis saxiT.
ramdenime warmomadgenlobiT obieqtze ganxorcielebuli garemos skrininguli
analizis safuZvelze, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma
gansazRvra, rom soflad energetikis ganviTarebis proeqtebis farglebSi
mSeneblobasa da operirebasTan dakavSirebuli haeris xarisxisa da xmauris
sakiTxebi ar iyo mniSvnelovani, ar moiTxovda detalur Seswavlas da aqedan
gamomdinare, ar iqneboda Setanili programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra da gaaanaliza
zemoTaRniSnuli teqnikuri disciplinebis mniSvnelovani garemosdacviTi da
socioekonomikuri sakiTxebi, gaamaxvila ra yuradReba pirdapir da arapirdapir
zemoqmedebaze proeqtis gavlenis zonaSi. programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi
gaanalizebuli energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis warmomadgenlobiTi
obieqtebi moicavda:
•
•
•
adgilebs, sadac garemoze mcire an saerTod aranairi zemoqmedeba ar
unda yofiliyo;
adgilebs, sadac garemoze garkveulwilad mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba
unda yofiliyo; da
adgilebs, sadac garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba unda yofiliyo; da
romlebic damatebiT garemosdacviT Sefasebas moiTxoven (SEA).
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba exeba energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programiT nagulisxmev oTxi tipis investicias:
•
•
•
•
mcire hidroenergosadgurebi;
TemebSi bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis sistemebi;
ganaxlebadi energiis/ energoefeqturobis proeqtebi; da
bunebrivi resursebis marTvis grantebi.
programuli garemosdacviTi SefasebaSi Setanili iqna energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis farglebSi arsebuli imgvari adgilebi da proeqtebi,
romlebic erTgvarovania Tavisi zomiT, zemoqmedebis xarisxiT da sididiT. am
programaSi ar Sedis proeqtebi Tuki maT ar axasiaTebT amgvari atributebi
(magaliTad, saSualo da didi hidroenergosadgurebis), Tuki isini erovnuli
parkebis teritoriazea ganlagebuli an dRis wesrigSi svamen iseT mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebs, romlebic Waobebsa an sensitiur bunebriv garemos exeba, rac calke
individualur garemosdacviT Sefasebas moiTxovs.
am programul garemosdacviT Sefasebas garemosdacviTi dokumentis datvirTva
eqneba, romelic gamoyenebul iqneba, programis TanamSromlebisa da programis
im partniorebis mier, romlebic axorcieleben proeqtebs energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi. igi iZleva zemoqmedebis
daxasiaTebas da gansazRvravs im proeqtebis Semarbilebeli Ronisiebebis da
monitoringis saWiro zomebs, romlebic programis farglebSi ganxorcieldeba.
savaraudoa, rom programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba gaamartivebs
garemosdacviTi kuTxiT saTanado yuradRebis miqcevas im saqmianobis farTo
speqtrisTvis, rac mosalodnelia programis farglebSi. igi xels Seuwyobs am
procedurebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli dokumentebTan dakavSirebuli
samuSaoebisa da drois odenobis Semcirebas da imavdroulad kvlav iqneba
garantia imisa, rom adekvaturi damcavi zomebi da Semarbilebeli Ronisiebebi
iqneba miRebuli.
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2. proeqtis aRwera
2005 w. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento
(USAID)/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s srategiuli amocanebis jgufi saqarTveloSi
mimdinare saqmianobis potencialsa da SesaZleblobaze dayrdnobiT, programis
soflad energetikis ganviTarebis axali kooperatiuli SeTanxmebis farglebSi
am programis samuSaoebis gafarToebis winadadebiT gamovida. 1990-iani wlebis
Sua periodidan moyolebuli USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo afinansebda soflad
ganaxlebad energiasa da energoefeqturobasTan dakavSirebul saqmianobebs,
rogorc saSualebas mogvarebuliyo TiTqmis mudmivi energetikuli krizisi,
romelic saqarTveloSi yofili sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg arsebobda.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis (programa) farglebSi
mosalodnelia, rom 40-mde adgilobrivi Temi miiRebs teqnikur daxmarebasa da
grantis saxis dafinansebas mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis reabilitaciisa da
bunebrivi gazis gafarToebis proeqtebis SemuSavebis mxardasaWerad. garda
amisa, gaTvaliswinebulia ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis mcire
masStabiani proeqtebi da resursebis marTvis integrirebuli gegmis SemuSaveba.
misiis mier ganisazRvra, rom soflad energetikis ganviTarebis saqmianobis
gafarToeba moicavda msgavs saqmianobebs, romelTa gaTvaliswineba
SesaZlebeli iqneboda programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi USAID-is
garemosdacviTi debulebebis farglebSi (22 CFR 216), rac rogorc wesi deb. 216is saxeliT aris cnobili. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi garemos dasufTavebis yvelaze
efeqtur midgomad CaiTvala.
2.1 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis
saagento/kavkasia/saqarTvelo energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programa
saqarTveloSi didia iseTi sasoflo Temebis raodenoba sadac, energo
momarageba cudia. 2004 wels sasoflo Temebis umetesoba energosistemidan
dReSi sam saaTze nakleb eleqtroenergias iRebda da amaTgan bevri ar
maragdeba bunebrivi gaziT. Sedegad, sasoflo biznesisa da saojaxo
meurneobebis didi raodenoba damokidebulia Zvir da garemosaTvis zianis
momtan eleqtro generatorebze, ukanonod mopovebul SeSis masalaze an
ubralod arc erT maTgans ar iyeneben.
am programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi Sefasebuli energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis saqmianobebi gankuTvnilia saqarTveloSi soflad arsebuli
energokrizisis mosagvareblad. qvemoT detalurad aris aRwerili programis
oTxi mTavari amocana. isini, upirvelesad, moicavs arsebuli energo
dawesebulebebis reabilitacias, ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis
mciremasStabiani proeqtebis dafuZnebasa da resursebis marTvis integrirebuli
gegmis SemuSavebas. isini moicavs iseT saqmianobebs, rogoricaa:
• soflebis daxmareba energomwarmoebeli dawesebulebebis reabilitaciasa
da marTvaSi;
• adgilobriv institutebsa da mewarmeebTan muSaoba sxva mdgradi
alternatiuli energo gadawyvetilebebis SemuSavebisa da
gamoyenebisaTvis;
• adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda soflad ganaxlebadi energiisa da
energoefeqturobis TvalsazrisiT;
• adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba mdgradi energosistemis
CamoyalibebaSi saqarTveloSi dafuZnebuli erTeulis Seqmnis meSveobiT,
9
•
romelic ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtis xelSemwyobi ofisis msgavsi
iqneba; da
sofelze orientirebuli bunebrivi resursebis marTvis integrirebuli
gegmis ganviTareba, raTa adgilobrivi energoresursebis baza ukeT iqnas
gamoyenebuli da daculi.
10
2.1.1 amocana 1: gazrdili energomomarageba
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa ganaxorcielebs saqmianobas, raTa
sasoflo dasaxlebebSi gaizardos energomomarageba energo gamomamuSavebeli
da sadistribucio dawesebulebebis agebis an reabilitaciisTvis teqnikuri,
organizaciuli da finansuri daxmarebis miwodebis meSveobiT.
programa uzrunvelyofs teqnikur xelSewyobas sasoflo TemebisTvis, raTa
daiwyon, marTon, aamuSavon da SeinarCunon energomwarmoebeli kompaniebi –
individualuri energo momwodeblebi, romlebsac SeswevT unari pirdapir
miawodon energia soflebsa da irgvliv mdebare regionebs. programaSi
monawileobiT dainteresebuli soflebi miiReben organizaciuli saxis
daxmarebas adgilobrivi energogeneraciis an sadistribucio mowyobilobebis
ganviTarebisaTvis da programa daexmareba partniorebs komerciul sawyisebze
arsebuli energiis warmoebisa da distribuciis mowyobilobebis dagegmvasa da
maT marTvaSi. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli daxmarebis misaRebad yvela energo
mowyobiloba kerZo sakuTrebaSi unda iyos. Pprogramis fondidan
reabilitaciis an agebisaTvis daxmareba gaeweva 40 individualur energo
momwodebel dawesebulebas, yuradRebis pirveladi koncentraciiT mcire
hidroeleqtro sadgurebze da adgilobriv TemebSi bunebrivi gazis
gamanawilebel sistemebze.
suraTebze 2-1 da 2-2 naCvenebia I wels SeTavazebuli da potenciuri proeqtebis
adgilmdebareobebi
suraTi 2-1. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis SeTavazebuli ruka, 1
wlis proeqtebi
11
suraTi 2-2.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis SesaZlo ganviTarebis
ruka, 2, 3 da 4 wlebis proeqtebi
biznes da samoqmedo marTvis gegmebi SemuSavdeba TiToeuli individualuri
energo momwodeblisaTvis. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
daxmarebas gauwevs saWiro teqnikuri da finansuri ganxorcielebadobis kvlevis
Sesasruleblad, maT Soris resursebis Sefasebis da ganawilebuli generaciis
SesaZleblobebis, Tana–generaciisa da sxva inovaciuri energetikuli
gamosavlebis analizs. teqnikuri proeqtebis SemuSavebis safuZvelze, romelic
proeqtis ganxorcielebamde momzaddeba, programa Seafasebs danadgarebis
SemoTavazebuli ganlagebis marTebulobas reabilitaciisa (mcire hes-ebi da
bunebriv gazi) da axali nagebobebis (bunebriv gazi) proeqtebisaTvis. Sedegad,
programa Tavidan aicilebs kritikuli sainJinro da garemosdacviTi wunis
mqone proeqtebis ganxorcielebas, romlebmac SeiZleba gavlena iqonion
proeqtis Sedegebze (mag. gamomuSavebuli energia), infrastruqturis
mTlianobaze, Zalian mgrZnobiare bunebrivi garemosa, an kritikul biologiur
resursebze.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa imuSavebs, raTa daexmaros
individualur energo momwodeblebs adgilobriv eleqtro gamanawilebel
kompaniebTan energiis Sesyidvis SeTanxmebaze molaparakebis procesSi. amgvari
SeTanxmebebi uzrunvelyofs individualur energo momwodeblebs sabazro da
garantirebuli Semosavlis wyaroTi sakuTari energowarmoebidan. programa
aseve xels Seuwyobs energo danadgarebisa da momsaxurebis finansirebis
dacvas etapobrivi procesis meSveobiT. Ppirvel rigSi, programa daexmareba
sofels an individualur mewarmes biznes-gegmis SemuSavebaSi, romelic
mgrZnobiarobis analizs, xarjebis/mogebis analizs, naRdi fulis dinebis
angariSs da TiToeuli adgilobrivi energo proeqtisaTvis SeTavazebul
safinanso struqturas moicavs. meore, is xels Seuwyobs investirebisaTvis
adgilobrivi resursebis maqsimaluri odenobis dacvas. mesame, programa xels
Seuwyobs 1) SesaZlo sakredito SesaZleblobebis gansazRvras; 2) safinanso
dagegmarebiTi momsaxurebis farTo speqtris uzrunvelyofas; da 3) SerCeuli
safinanso institutisaTvis (mag. adgilobrivi komerciuli bankebi, sxva donori
programebi, evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki, evropis
12
rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis dafinansebis meqanizmi) sakredito
moTxovnebis momzadebas. Dda bolos, programa gaiTvaliswinebs pirdapir
daxmarebas grantis saxiT im SerCeuli proeqtebisaTvis, romlebsac specifiuri
saWiroebebi aqvT.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa xels Seuwyobs sxvadasxva
energomwarmoebeli sadgurebisaTvis dagegmvasa da gamoyenebas, romelTa
umetesoba saxelmwifo energosistemazea mierTebuli. ukve gansazRvrulia
ramdenime hidrodanadgari, romelTac energiis miwodebis gazrdis potenciali
aqvT. zog SemTxvevaSi daxmareba gaeweva energo sistemis gareY moqmed
sawarmoebs, sadac biogazi, mzis energia da sxva ganaxlebadi energiis
SesaZleblobebi iqneba danergili, Tuki amis teqnikuri da finansuri
SesaZlebloba iqneba. programa daexmareba mewarmeebs damontaJebamde saWiro
analizis CatarebaSi, raTa ganisazRvros alternatiuli energo gamosavlebis
realuroba da agreTve, damontaJebasa da operirebasTan dakavSirebuli
aspeqtebi.
2.1.2 amocana 2: adgilobrivi energowarmoebis marTvis
gaumjobeseba
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa gazrdis hidro eleqtro sadgurebis
reabilitaciis, bunebrivi gazis milsadenebis gafarToebisa da energiis
warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva proeqtebis ganxorcielebidan miRebul
socialur da ekonomikur sargebels. programa imuSavebs, raTa es sargebeli
ekonomikurad, socialurad da ekologiurad mdgradi iyos xangrZliv
perspeqtivaSi, Tavisi sakuTrebisa da realizebuli Semosavlebis marTvaSi IPPis mepatroneebis SesaZleblobaTa gazrdis meSveobiT. am amocanam SeiZleba
moicvas swavleba danadgarebis marTvaSi, biznesis ganviTarebis momsaxureba
uzrunvelyofis, operirebis da eqspluataciis gegmebis SemuSavebaSi
adgilobrivi TemisTvis daxmarebis gaweva.
2.1.3 amocana 3: qveynis SigniT arsebuli gaumjobesebuli
SesaZleblobebi soflis energetikisa da alternatiuli
energetikis gamoyenebaSi
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa gaaumjobesebs qveynis SigniT
arsebuli soflis energetikisa da alternatiuli energetikis gamoyenebas 1)
SedarebiT qmediTi teqnologiebis gamoyenebis danergviTa da xelSewyobiT,
rogoricaa energo efeqturi Rumelebi da mzis energiis mowyobilobebi, 2)
sawvavi xis masalis warmoebisa da marTvis ufro qmediTi programebis
ganviTarebiTa da 3) soflad energetikis ganviTrebis, ganaxlebadi energiisa
da energoefqturobis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrdiT. proeqtis es
komponenti gamoiyenebs mcire grantebis fonds (danaxarjebis gayofis
moTxovniT), raTa xeli Seewyos energo-efeqturi teqnologiebis damontaJebasa
da ganaxlebadi energiis teqnologiebis danergvas. soflebi da adgilobrivi
mmarTveloba aqtiurad iqneba CarTuli am saqmianobis dagegmvaSi, maT Soris
CvenebisaTvis danadgarebis SerCevaSi. programa uzrunvelyofs Sesaferisi
teqnologiebis SerCevasa da danaxarjebisa da mogebis daangariSebaSi
daxmarebas. mosalodneli ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis siaxleebi
miTiTebulia qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi 2-1:
13
cxrili 2-1:
ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis mosalodneli axali
wyaroebi
dawesebuleba
kategoria
ganaxlebadi energia
energoefeqturoba
saojaxo
(sazogadoebrivi an
komerciuli saqmianobis)
•
biogazi
•
mzis Termuli
•
gaumjobesebuli biomasis
qurebi
•
mSenebloba klimaturi
pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
•
gaumjobesebuli
biomasis gamTbobi
soflad arsebul umetes saojaxo meurneobebSi msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis
moSenebis faTo gavrceleba, romelic am saojaxo meurneobebSi saWmlis
momzadebisaTvis xis masalisaTvis alternatiuli sawvavis mopovebis
gadaudebel saWiroebas erTvis Tan, programaSi CarTul adgilobriv TemebSi
biogazs ganaxlebadi energiis Zalian mosaxerxebel wyarod xdis. soflad
energetikis ganviTareba
xels Seuwyobs licenzirebuli mwarmoeblebis mier
warmoebuli xarisxiani biogazis sadgurebis damontaJebas, romlebic
Semowmebuli da sertificirebuli iqna kompetenturi damoukidebeli
organizaciis mier.
SeSa farTod gamoiyeneba sakvebis mosamzadeblad soflad arsebul saojaxo
meurneobebSi. mosalodnelia, rom gaumjobesebuli sakvebis mosamzadebeli
qurebis gavrceleba kidev erTi saTanado Careva iqneba soflad arsebul
saojaxo meurneobebSi, radganac es qurebi sakvebis mosamzadeblad
gamoyenebuli xis sawvavi masalis odenobas Seamcirebs. Tuki am teqnologiis
gavrceleba adgilobriv TemSi arsebuli saojaxo meurneobebis sagrZnob
nawilSi iqneba SesaZlebeli, mniSvnelovani iqneba tyis masivis ganadgurebaze
krebiTi zemoqmedeba, rac xis sawvavi masalis saWiroebis SemcirebiT iqneba
gamowveuli. energetikis ganviTreba soflad programa xels Seuwyobs da
daexmareba licenzirebuli mwarmoeblis mier warmoebuli xarisxobrivad
gaumjobesebuli samzareulo qurebis damontaJebas, romlebic Semowmebuli da
sertificirebuli iqna kompetenturi damoukidebeli organizacis mier.
SesaZloa arsebobdes imgvari socialuri institutebi, rogoricaa skolebi,
samedicino dawesebulebebi da Temis centrebi da sawarmoebi, romlebic
gasaTbobad isev iyeneben xis sawvav masalas. amgvar SenobebSi an sawarmoebSi
gamokvleuli iqneba biomasis gamoyenebiT gamaTboblebisa an mzis energiaze
momuSave wylis gamaTboblebis damontaJebis SesaZlebloba. gaanalizebuli
iqneba amgvari Carevebis rogorc teqnikuri Sesrulebis, aseve finansuri
ukugebis periodebi. energetikis ganviTreba soflad xels Seuwyobs da
daexmareba licenzirebuli mwarmoeblebis mier warmoebuli, mzis energiaze
momuSave xarisxiani wylis gamaTboblebisa da gaumjobesebuli biomasis
danadgaris damontaJebas, romlebic Semowmebuli da sertificirebuli iqna
kompetenturi damoukidebeli organizacis mier.
socialuri institutebis mier gamoyenebuli Senobebis didi nawili wlebis win
iqna agebuli da gaTbobaze gadametebul xarjebs moiTxovs, radganac siTbos
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT araefeqturni arian. am Senobebis remontma
SesaZloa gaTbobis xarjebis Semcirebis SesaZlebloba Seqmnas da SesaZlebeli
gaxados remontze daxarjuli investiciebis amoReba. remonti Cveulebriv
moicavs karebis, fanjrebisa da saxuravis SekeTebas, raTa SenobaSi siTbo
SenarCundes. programa daexmareba Senobebis remonts da xels Seuwyobs
14
proeqtebs, raTa maT misaRebi ukugebis periodi hqondeT. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa xels Seuwyobs da daexmareba Senobebis remonts
im licenzirebuli pirebisa an organizaciebis mier, romlebic Semowmebuli da
sertificirebuli iqna kompetenturi damoukidebeli organizacis mier.
xelovnuri modelis TemebSi SesaZlo gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebi
miTiTebulia qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi 2-2:
cxrili 2-2:
sazogadoeba
potenciuri ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis proeqtebi
SerCeul TemebSi
potenciuri Careva
abhesi
biogazi, mSenebloba
klimaturi pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
kexijvari
biogazi, energoefeqturoba
komerciul saqmianobaSi,
hermetizacia
kabali
biogazi, mSenebloba
klimaturi pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
biogazi, mSenebloba
klimaturi pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
kalauri
kaxareTi
gaumjobesebuli gazqura,
pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT
xidisTavi
gaumjobesebuli gazqura,
biogazi, mSenebloba
klimaturi pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
nafareuli
hermetizacia
maWaxela
biogazi, mSenebloba
klimaturi pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
fSaveli
gaumjobesebuli
samzareulo Rumelebi,
pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT
gaumjobesebuli
samzareulo Rumelebi,
biogazi, mSenebloba
klimaturi pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT
sarTiWala
safuZveli
msxvilfexa rqosani saqonlis
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, oTxi
skolis, saavadmyofosa da biblioTekis
arseboba
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, wisqvilis,
ori xe-tyis saxerxi qarxnis, sabavSvo
baRis, oTxi skolis, kulturuli
centris, saavadmyofosa da
biblioTekis arseboba
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, sabavSvo
baRisa da xuTi skolis arseboba.
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, ori sabavSvo
baRis, skolis, saavadmyofos, safosto
ofisisa da Svidi saTburis arseboba.
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, saWmlis
momzadebisTvis xis sawvavad gamoyeneba,
sabavSvo baRis, xuTi skolis,
saavadmyofosa da cxra xe-tyis saxerxi
qarxnis arseboba.
sabavSvo baRis, ori skolis, ori
saavadmyofos da oTxi sxva centris
arseboba.
skolis, ori saavadmyofosa da
kulturuli centris arseboba.
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, aTi skolis,
biblioTekis, muzeumisa da kulturuli
centris arseboba.
sami skolis, saavadmyofos,
kulturuli centrisa da xe-tyis
saxerxi qarxnis arseboba.
sami sabavSvo baRi, xuTi skolisa da
saavadmyofos arseboba.
15
qveynis SigniT arsebuli soflad energetikis ganviTarebis proeqtebis
ganviTarebisa da marTvisaTvis saWiro SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebis garda,
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programam SesaZloa Camoayalibos
saqarTveloSi dafuZnebuli erTeuli (mag. energetikis ganviTareba soflad
proeqtis mxardaWeris ofisi _ REPSO). ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens imgvari
erTeulis Camoyalibeba, romelsac damoukideblad SeeZleba saqmianobis
warmoeba saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis
gasavrceleblad monawileebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, soflad
arsebuli sawarmoebisa da msgavsTagan miRebuli Semosavlebidan sakuTari
saqmianobis uzrunvelyofa da teqnikuri da finansebTan dakavSirebuli
momsaxurebis gaweva. REPSO gazrdis energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis mTlian mdgradobas.
2.1.3 amocana 4: adgilobrivi energo resursebis bazis
gamoyenebisa da dacvis gaumjobesebuli SesaZlebloba
ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis momsaxurebis ganviTarebaSi monawile
TiToeuli sofeli miiRebs daxmarebas energo momaragebis warmoebasTan, agreTve
xis sawvavi masalis konservaciasa da dacvasTan dakavSirebuli resursebis
integrirebuli marTvis gegmis (IRMP) gansaviTareblad. mdgradobis
SesanarCunelblad, soflebma unda ganaviTaron energogeneraciisaTvis
gamoyenebuli resursebis (mdinareebi, arxebi, sasoflo-sameurneo narCenebi da xis
masala) marTvis gegmebi. garemosdacviTi gegmebis principebis gansaxorcieleblad
Catardeba soflebis informirebisa da ganaTlebis programebi, romlebic
yuradRebas amaxvileben negatiuri garemosdacviTi Sedegebis Serbilebaze, tyis
masivis aRdgenis, niadagis konservaciis da Waobebis dacvis meSveobiT resursebis
konservaciis SesaZleblobebze garemosdacviT gegmebSi am principebis
gasatareblad. energowarmoebasTan asocirebuli tyis resursebis marTvaSi
SezRuduli daxmarebis garda, proeqti ar aris gaTvlili pirdapiri dafinansebis
gamosayofad resursebis marTvis integrireguli gegmebidan gamomdinare raime
saxis saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa aqtiur wvlils Seitans misiis
miznis ganxorcielebaSi Seqmnas mdgradi energosistema energoseqtorSi
ganaxlebadi energiis gazrdili, diversificirebuli miwodebisa da gazrdili
qmediTobis meSveobiT (strategiuli mizani 1.51 “metad mdgradi energosistemis
safuZveli”). vinaidan energiis arseboba da xelmisawvdomoba ekonomikuri
zrdis mniSvnelovani elementia, energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
daexmareba da damatebiT RonisZiebebs gaatarebs misiis sxva miznebis
misaRwevad, rogoricaa pirveladi mniSvnelobis momsaxurebis aRdgena da
samuSao adgilebisa da Semosavlebis aRdgena.
16
2.2 programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis damokidebuleba
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programasTan
2.2.1 energetikuli nagebobebis reabilitaciis
warmomadgenlobiTi obieqtebi
im 40 SesaZlo adgilidan, sadac energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, garemos programuli Sefasebis garemos xelovnuri
modelis rangSi 10 mcire hes-isa da bunebrivi gazis adgilebis
warmomadgenlobiTi nimuSi SeirCa (cxrili 2-1). es 10 obieqti imgvari
maxasiaTeblebis matarebelia, romlebic, Tuki maT erTianobaSi aviRebT,
adekvaturad warmoaCenen im garemoebebis speqtrs, rac SeiZleba Segvxvdes 40-ive
adgilis mTlian xelovnur modelSi. imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom es modeli
saTanadod warmoaCens im garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis speqtrs, romlebic
SeiZleba warmoiSvas, SemuSavebuli iqna proeqtis maxasiaTeblebis cxrili
(danarTi a). maxasiaTeblebis cxrili warmoaCens energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis SeTavazebuli proeqtebis adgilebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
niSnebs, romlebic garemosdacviT da socioekenomikur zemoqmedebasTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
cxrilSi Setanili aspeqtebis zogierTi magaliTebia (1) mosaxleobis sidide,
romelsac momsaxureba unda gaewios (2) mdinaris dinebis zoma, (3) obieqtebis
maxloblad arsebuli gamoyenebuli miwebi, (4) mgrZnobiare garemosdacviTi da
kulturuli resursebis siaxlove, (5) sadguris generaciuli simZlavre, (6)
wylis moculoba da misi aqcevis xerxi (hes-is SemTxvevaSi), da (7)
proeqtisaTvis saWiro MmSeneblobis sidide. danarTSi g warmodgenilia
proeqtis adgilmdebareobis rukebi TiToeuli 10 warmomadgenlobiTi mcire hesisa da bunebrivi gazis obieqtisTvis.
2.2.2 ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis proeqtebi
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi mcire zomis ganaxlebadi
energiisa da energoefeqturobis proeqtebi TiToeuli mosalodneli
saqmianobisaTvis gansazRvruli praqtikisa an zomebis specifiuri krebulis
dacviT iqneba warmarTuli. magaliTad, bioreqtorulma sistemam SesaZloa
axlomdebare nakadulis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad fekaluri masebis
marTvisaTvis yuradRebis miqceva moiTxovos. skolis an sxva sazogadoebrivi
Senobebis klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT remonti damaxasiaTebeli
gansxvavebuli saxis, obieqtisTvis damaxasiaTebel saqmianobas moiTxovs.
mosalodnelia, rom soflad energetikis ganviTarebis programis farglebSi
ganxorcielebuli ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis mcire
masStabiani proeqtebi garemoze mcire an saerTod araviTar pirdapir efeqts ar
moaxdenen. programis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli TiToeuli proeqtisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli moTxovnis saxiT dainergeba saukeTeso menejmentis da
mSeneblobisa da dagegmarebis miRebuli praqtika.
es procedura im proceduris eqvivalenturia, romelic amJamad gamoiyeneba CHF
–is mier, rogorc saqarTvelos dasaqmebisa da infrastruqturis ganviTarebis
iniciativis (GEII) farglebSi ganxorcielebuli samSeneblo saqmianobis
Semadgeneli nawili.
2.2.3 bunebrivi resursebis marTvis gegmebi
mosalodnelia, rom saqmianobebs, romlebic energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis mier mowodebuli bunebrivi resursebis marTvis gegmebis
SemuSavebidan gamomdinareobs, rogoricaa xis sawvavi masalis gaumjobesebuli
17
marTva, tyis masivisa da wyalgamyofebis aRdgena dadebiTi garemosdacviTi
zemoqmedebis matarebeli iqneba. imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom araswori
teqnikuri proeqtisa da arasaTanado ganxorcielebisagan uaryofiTi efeqtebi
ar warmoiSvas, saWiroebis mixedviT bunebrivi resursebis marTvis TiToeul
gegmaSi gansazRvruli da CarTuli iqneba saukeTeso menejmentis gamocdileba.
es is saqmianobebia, romlebic cnobilia programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufisaTvis da agreTve ganviTareba gamomdinareobs garemosdacviTi
miTiTebebidan, romlebic am grantebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianobebis
Semarbilebel zomebs aregulireben.
qvemoT moyvanili punqtebi moicavs resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmis
proeqtebSi Semaval potenciur Carevebs:
• im teqnologiebis demosntrireba, romlebic sawvavad sasoflo-sameurneo
da xis masalis narCenebis efeqturi gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva
(magaliTad. dawnexili xis qsovilis da sasoflo-sameurneo narCenebis
granulireba, maRalefeqturi SeSis qurebi da xis Rumelebi)
• tyis masivis aRdgenis RonisZiebebi kerZo da sazogadoebriv miwebze,
rogoricaa damcavi zolebi, mcire sasoflo-sameurneo nargavebi (xilisa
da kaklis xeebi) da mokle rotaciis intensiuri samosavlo (SRIC) xis
sawvavi masalis saxeobebi.
• wyalgamyofze Casatarebeli erTiani samuSaoebi, maT Soris arxebisa da
mdinaris napirebis stabilizacia, sanapiro zonebis aRdgena (xeebisa da
buCqebis dargva), dinebispira marTvis zonebis/buferuli zolebis
Camoyalibeba, Waobis garemos dacva da aRdgena, tyis masivis aRdgena da
tyis gaSeneba, tyis dacva (xanZrebisa da parazitebissagan), gzebis
aRdgena da mdinareebisa da sanapiro zolebidan Sinauri cxovelebis
SezRudva an Semcireba.
• eroziis makontrolebeli Carevebi, rogoricaa wyalsadinari arxis
sacobebi da konturuli nargavebi da simRvrivis, naleqi narCenebisa da
wylis dinebis sazomi mowyobilobebis damontaJeba.
•
hidroenergo danadgarebis koroziisa da sxva problemebis (mag.
dabinZurebuli sasmeli wyali, wylis bunebrivi garemos ganadgureba)
gamomwvevi dabinZurebis gawmenda
18
2.3 tipiuri samSeneblo saqmianobebi
am nawilSi Sejamebulia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi
sareabilitacio hes-ebisa da bunebrivi gazis 10 warmomadgenlobiT adgilas
Casatarebeli samSeneblo saqmianobebi. isini warmoadgenen saqmianobaTa im
speqtrs, romelic 40 adgilian mTlian xelovnur modelSi Segvxvdeba.
suraTebSi 2-3-dan 2-12 CaTvliT warmodgenilia tipiuri dagegmarebiTi xedi 10
reabilitirebuli soflad energo danadgrebidan TiToeulisaTvis. TiToeuli
proeqtis savaraudo samSeneblo periodi Setanilia AcxrilSi 2-3. hes-ebisa da
bunebrivi gazis 10 warmomadgenlobiT proeqtSi savaraudod gamosayenebeli
tipiuri samSeneblo aRWurviloba warmodgenilia cxrilSi 2-4 da 2-5.
cxrili 2-3. tipiuri mcire hesisa da bunebrivi gazis obieqtebi
tipi
warmadobis
gazrda
Zama
mcire hesi
240 kv
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
8-dan 10-mde
fSaveli
mcire hesi
500 kv
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
8-dan 10-mde
kabali
mcire hesi
1000
kv
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
10-dan 12-mde
kaxareTi
mcire hesi
2000
kv
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
10-dan 12-mde
lopota
mcire hesi
2000
kv
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
10-dan 12-mde
abhesi
mcire hesi
1750 kv
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
10-dan 12-mde
maWaxela
mcire hesi
600
mSenebloba +
aRWurviloba
10-dan 12-mde
kalauri
bunebrivi gazi
100 h
aRdgena /
milsadeni +
aRWurviloba
10-dan 12-mde
sarTiWala
bunebrivi gazi
500 h
dagrZeleba /
milsadeni +
aRWurviloba
11-dan 18-mde
xidisTavi
bunebrivi gazi
800 h
Aaxali nageboba /
milsadeni +
aRWurviloba
12-dan 18-mde
proeqti
kv
saqmianobebi
mSeneblobis
periodi (Tve)
19
cxrili 2-4. mcire hesisa da bunebrivi gazis proeqtebis tipiuri samSeneblo
aRWurviloba
mcire hesis proeqtebi
moZravi aRWurviloba
uZravi aRWurviloba
sxvadasxva zomis satvirto manqanebi (2-3)
SeduRebis aparatebi
ukana niCbiani eqskavatorebi (1 an 2 samuSao
cvlaSi)
miwis mTxrelebi
kompresorebi
greiderebi da buldozerebi
Aarmaturis saWreli danadgarebi (eleqtro)
Amwekrani
betonSemrevebi
manqanaze damontaJebuli
aparatebi
SeduRebis
generatorebi
sortirebis marTvis manqana (meqanikuri)
moZravi betonSemrevi
cxrili 2-5. bunebrivi gazis proeqtebi
moZravi aRwurviloba
sxvadasxva zomis satvirto manqanebi (2-3)
ukana niCbiani eqskavatorebi (1 an 2 samuSao
cvlaSi)
miwis mTxrelebi
manqanaze damontaJebuli
aparatebi
Amwekrani
uZravi aRWurviloba
SeduRebis aparatebi
generatorebi
Hhaer kompresorebi (1-2)
SeduRebis
igulisxmeba, rom mcire hes-ebis reabilitaciis proeqtebi moicavs iseT
saqmianobebs, romlebic benzinis an dizelis sawvavze momuSave manqanebis da/an
mowyobilobebis gamoyenebas moiTxovs.
2.3.1 mcire hes-ebis proeqtebi
saqarTveloSi mcire hidroeleqtro generaciis mrewvelobis ganviTareba gviani
1920-iani wlebidan daiwyo da TiTqmis 20 wels gagrZelda. mzardi samrewvelo
seqtorisaTvis eleqtromomaragebis miwodebis mizniT, 1920-1970 ww. 300-ze meti
mcire hidroenergo danadgari aigo, simZlavris speqtriT 20 kvt-dan 10 mvt-mde.
1960-iani wlebis Suidan saqarTvelo CarTuli iqna centralur
eleqtrosistemaSi, romelic energias yvela sabWoTa respublikas awvdida.
amgvarad, mcire, naklebad efeqtiani hes-ebi didmasStabianma
hidroeleqtrosadgurebma da Tboenergosadgurebma Secvala. mxolod
energosistemis gareT darCenil moSorebul adgilebSi moqmedi mcire hes-ebi
iqna SenarCunebuli. 1970-iani wlebis dasawyisisaTvis 20 wliT gaCerda da
umoqmedo gaxda mcire hes-ebis, daaxloebiT, 95%. amJamad sabWoTa droidan
SemorCenili mcire hes-ebis mxolod 15%-ia qmedunariani.
1991 w. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis
mopovebis Semdeg saxelmwifo qonebis privatizaciiis procesi daiwyo.
SemorCenili saderivacio tipis hes-ebis umetesoba saxelmwifo seqtoridan
kerZo seqtorSi gadavida. TiTqmis yvela privatizebuli hes-i erTnairi
20
teqnikuri agebulebisa iyo da iyenebda derivaciuli/ganStoebuli mdinareebis
SesaZleblobas SeeqmnaT mcire manZilze didi Wavli, dabalzRurbliani
kaSxlis, mimRebi mowyobilobis, wyalgamtari arxebis/akvedukebis/gvirabebis,
sadawneo milsadenisa da eleqtrosadgurebis agebis meSveobiT. aqceuli wyali
sabolood ukana gadamyvani arxis meSveobiT kvlav mdinareSi eSveba.
sareabilitacio/samSeneblo samuSaoebis qvemoT moyvanili aRwera miesadageba
mcire hes-ebis umetesobas, romlebic USAID/kavkasia/saqarTveloSi energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis TvalTaxedvis areSi moeqcnen maTi sirTulis an
zomis miuxedavad.
samSeneblo samuSaoebi: garemos programuli Sefasebis garemos xelovnur
modelSi CarTuli yvela mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri saWiroebs
dabalzRurbliani kaSxlis srul masStabian reabilitacias, ise rom miRebul
iqnas saWiro moculobis wylis nakadi maqsimaluri energetikuli gamosavalis
misaRebad. wylis amqcev nagebobaSi samuSaoebis Catarebisas saderivacio tipis
hes-ebze, samuSao daigegmeba Semdegnairad:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
mdinaris wylis mimRebi mxaris gauwyloeba gabionebis an miwayrilebis
gamoyenebiT. es qmedeba kaSxlis zonis daSrobis saSualebas iZleva
sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Casatareblad;
gauwyloebuli zonidan narCeni masalebis gatana;
teqnikuri proeqtis mixedviT xis yalibebis ageba, romlebSic Semdeg
betoni Caisxmeba. foladis RerZebis damateba saproeqto moTxovnisamebr.
gamoyenebuli betoni iqneba teqnikur proeqtSi miTiTebuli xarisxis
Sesabamisi;
wyalmimRebisa da avariuli wyalsagdebis farebis moxsna da remonti;
xis yalibebis moxsna betonis gaSrobisa da gamagrebis Semdeg;
betonis testireba testirebis specialuri aRWurvilobis gamoyenebiT;
wyalmimRebisa da avariuli wyalsagdebis farebis xelaxali dayeneba; da
jarTisa da samSeneblo narCenebis gatana damtkicebuli proceduris
mixedviT.
amisTvis gamoyenebuli samSeneblo aRWurviloba moicavs: buldozers,
eqskavators, ukana niCbian eqskavators, amwes, TviTmclels, gadasatan
SesaduRebel aRWurvilobas da pnevmatur CaquCs.
wylis amqcev nagebobaze muSaobis dros sareabilitacio samuSaoebi unda
Catardes wyalmimReb danadgarze, romelic, Cveulebriv, wylis nakadis
maregulirebeli ramdenime faris mqone betonis auzs warmoadgens. samuSaoebi
moicavs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
narCenebis gatana wyalmimRebi avzidan;
teqnikuri proeqtis moTxovnisamebr xis yalibebis ageba, romlebSic
Semdeg betoni Caisxmeba da foladis RerZebis damateba saproeqto
moTxovnisamebr. gamoyenebuli betoni iqneba teqnikur proeqtSi
miTiTebuli xarisxis Sesabamisi;
wyalmimRebi avzidan yvela faris moxsna da SesakeTeblad gagzavna;
betonis gaSrobisa da gamagrebis Semdeg xis yalibebis moxsna;
wylis nakadis maregulirebeli SekeTebuli farebis xelaxali dayeneba
wyalmimRebi avzis Semowmeba gaJonvebze, avzis wyliT gavsebisa da yvela
faris CaketviT;
mcire gaJonvebis SemTxvevaSi napralebis betoniT amovseba; da
21
•
mixedviT.
zemoT aRwerili samuSaoebi unda daiwyos da damTavrdes erTdroulad,
vinaidan amqcevi kaSxali muSaobs ise, rom amqcevi kaSxlis SekeTebis
samuSaoebisas mdinaris datborvis SemTxvevaSi, reabilitirebul sistemas
SesaZlebloba aqvs adidebis garkveuli nakadis Sesrutvis. amisTvis
gamoyenebuli samSeneblo aRWurviloba moicavs: ukana niCbian eqskavators,
amwes, TviTmclels, gadasatan SesaduRebel aRWurvilobas da pnevmatur CaquCs.
garemos programuli Sefasebis garemos xelovnur modelSi gansazRvruli
yvela mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri saWiroebs arxisa da akvedukis saSualodan
da mniSvnelovani xarisxamde SekeTebas. paralelurad dasruldeba samuSaoebi
im mcire hes-ebze, romlebic, rogorc wyalamqcevis SekeTebis, aseve akvedukebis
reabilitacias moiTxovs.
yvela mcire hes-is arxebze Casatarebeli samuSaoebi SesaZloa moicavdes:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
arxidan da akvedukidan narCenebisa da naleqis gatana;
betoni Caisxmeva. foladis RerZebis damateba sarpoeqto moTxovnisamebr.
Sesabamisi;
wyalmimRebi avzidan yvela wylis nakadis, avariuli wyalsagdebi da
wyalmovardnis faris moxsna da SesakeTeblad gagzavna;
xis yalibebis moxsna da dalodeba sanam betoni gaSreba da gamagrdeba;
akvedukze damWeri filebis gamagreba teqnikuri proeqtis instruqciebis
mixedviT;
SekeTebuli wylis nakadis, avariuli wyalsagdebi da wyalmovardnis
farebis xelaxali dayeneba;
arxisa da akvedukis Semowmeba gaJonvebze, wyliT gavsebisa da yvela
faris CaketviT;
mcire gaJonvis SemTxvevaSi napralebis betoniT amovseba; da
mixedviT.
amisTvis gamoyenebuli samSeneblo aRWurviloba moicavs: ukana niCbian
eqskavators, amwes, TviTmclels, gadasatan SesaduRebel aRWurvilobas da
pnevmatur CaquCs
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programaSi CasarTvelad gansazRvruli yvela
mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri, romelic garemos programul SefasebaSia
moxsenebuli, moicavs avankameras an sadawneo auzs, romelic arxis gagrZelebaa
da sadawneo milsadenisaTvis mimRebis rols asrulebs. avankameris avzis
struqtura wyalmimRebi danadgaris msgavsia da wyalmimRebi avzis msgavs
reabilitacias moiTxovs. es SeiZleba moicavdes:
•
•
•
•
•
arxidan da akvedukidan narCenebisa da naleqis gatana;
betoni Caisxmeva. foladis RerZebis damateba saproeqto moTxovnisamebr.
Sesabamisi;
avankameris avzidan yvela farisa da nagavdamWeri badis moxsna da
SesakeTeblad gagzavna;
xis yalibebis moxsna da dalodeba sanam betoni gaSreba da gamagrdeba;
22
•
•
•
•
SekeTebuli narcendamWeri badis da wylis nakadisa da wyalmovardnis
farebis xelaxali dayeneba;
avankameris avzis gaJonvebze Semowmeba wyliT gavsebisa da yvela faris
CaketviT;
mcire gaJonvebis SemTxvevaSi napralebis betoniT amovseba; da
mixedviT.
yvela saderivacio tipis hes-is avankameris reabilitaciisaTvis saWiro
samuSaoebi amqcevisa da arxis/akvedukis SekeTebis paralelurad damTavrdeba.
sareabilitacio samuSaoebis damTavrebis Semdeg, garkveuli drois
ganmavlobaSi moxdeba mTeli sistemis kvlav wyliT gavseba da monitoringi
gaJonvebis aRmosaCenad da SesakeTeblad. am saqmianobisaTvis gamosayenebeli
samSeneblo aRWurviloba moicavs: amwes, TviTmclels, gadasatan SesaduRebel
aRWurvilobas da pnevmatur CaquCs
yvela mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri iyenebs sadawneo milsadenebs, romelTac
Sesaloa dasWirdeT reabilitacia mcire masStabidan dawyebuli sagrZnob
masStabamde. mcire hes-ebis zomisa da generaciuli simZlavris miuxedavad,
sadawneo milebis liTonis xarisxi Semowmebul iqneba da susti nawilebi
Secvlili iqneba teqnikuri proeqtis mixedviT. amas garda, sadawneo milsadenis
damWerebi an Sualeduri sayrdenebi gamagrebuli iqneba, rogorc es teqnikur
proeqtSia aRwerili. samuSaoebi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdegs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
air-SemduRebeli mowyobilobis meSveobiT sadawneo milsadenis
dazianebuli nawilebis moxsna;
gadasatani eleqtro-SemduRebeli mowyobilobis meSveobiT axali
nawilebis CaduRabeba;
gamaTanabrebeli avzis Secvla an SekeTeba gadasatani SemduRebeli
mowyobilobis meSveobiT;
teqnikuri proeqtis instruqciebis mixedviT sadawneo milsadenis
damWerebis/Sualeduri sayrdenebis gamagreba ;
zemoT aRniSnuli samuSaoebis damTavrebis Semdeg, garkveuli drois
ganmavlobaSi (+/- ori dRe) sadawneo milsadenis gauwyloeba da
monitoringi gaJonvebis aRmosaCenad da SesakeTeblad. yvelaze
mniSvnelovani milebis SeerTebis adgilebi iqneba da maT gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba daeTmoba;
yvela saduRabo samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg antikoroziuli wylis
saRebavis ormagi fenis wasma; da
mixedviT.
am saqmianobisaTvis gamosayenebeli samSeneblo aRWurviloba moicavs:
bulldozers, amwes, TviTmclels, gadasatan eleqtro da air SemduRebel
aRWurvilobas.
yvela mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri moicavs energosadgurebis danadgarebs,
romlebic minimaluridan dawyebuli mniSvnelovan SekeTebas moiTxovs. mcire
hes-ebis energo sadgurebis kosmetikuri ganaxleba SeiZleba moicavdes Semdegs:
•
•
saxuravis dazianebuli nawilis Secvla;
Senobis kedlebis SekeTeba da (rogorc Signidan, aseve garedan) da
wvimagamZle wylis saRebavis ori fenis wasma;
23
•
•
•
•
Senobis kar-fanjris moxsna da SekeTeba an Secvla. kedlebis Rebvis
samuSaoebis damTavrebis Semdeg maTi xelaxali damontJeba;
energosadguris iatakidan nagvis gatana da saWiroebisamebr iatakis
SekeTeba;
wylis sadrenaJo sistemis SekeTeba rogorc saxuravis aseve iatakisaTvis;
da
mixedviT.
am saqmianobisaTvis gamosayenebeli samSeneblo aRWurviloba moicavs: amwes,
TviTmclels, gadasatan SesaduRebel aRWurvilobas, xaraCoebs da saRebavis
Sesasxurebel xelsawyos.
aRWurviloba garemos programuli Sefasebis garemos xelovnur modelSi
gansazRvruli da CarTuli yvela mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri aRWurvilobis
standartul krebuls moicavs, maT Soris turbinebsa da generatorebs, energo
distribuciisa da kontrolis panelebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRWurviloba
SeiZleba sxvadasxva tipis da sxvadasxva momwodeblis iyos, aRWurvilobis
Sefasebisa da damontaJebis procesi standartuli iqneba yvela saderivacio
tipis mcire hes-isaTvis.
•
teqnikuri proeqtis moTxovnisamebr turbinebi moixsneba/daiSleba da
SesakeTeblad gaigzavneba nawilebad: korpusi, muSa Tvali, Saxti,
sakisrebi, mqnevara da regulatori. gamwovi milisa da sayrdeni filis
SekeTeba, SesaZloa, energosadgurSi gaxdes saWiro. generatorebi
SeiZleba moixsnas da gadasaxvevad gaigzavnos. yvela arsebuli eleqtrogayvaniloba, SesaZloa, axliT Seicvalos;
•
yvela Zveli da mwyobridan gamosuli aRWurviloba unda moixsnas da
Tanamedrove, ufro efeqturi aRWurvilobiT Seicvalos. reabilitirebul
unda iqnas avtomatizaciis sistema, rac mcire hes-is gaumjobesebul,
ufro efeqtur muSaobas gamoiwvevs;
transformatorebi, fiderebi, salteebi, gadamcemi boZebi da
eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi saWiroebisamebr SekeTdeba an Seicvleba; da
•
•
mcire hes-is teritoria kargad unda iqnas daculi saTanado RobiT da
saWiroebisamebr unda gamoikras usafrTxoebis niSnebi, romlebic
potenciuri safrTxis saxeebs asaxaven. magaliTad, wylis amqcev
danadgarTan ramodenime gansxvavebul adgilas gamoikvreba curvis
amkrZalavi niSani. arxi da avankameris avzi aRiWurveba damcavi ZelebiT
da mavTulWimiT. gamoikvreba maRali Zabvis aRmniSvneli niSnebi,
romlebic energosadgurSi an mis ezoSi
eleqtrodartymis safrTxeze
miuTiTeben.
qvemoT moyvanili cxrili 2-6 hidrosadguris kompleqsurobasa da mZime
samSeneblo aRWurvilobis gamoyenebiT teqnikuri Carevis sidides miuiTiTebs,
xolo cifrebi 2-3 dan 2-9 nimuS-proeqtebis sqemas warmoaCens.
24
2-6. mcire hes-is proeqtis mSeneblobisTvis saWiro xelsawyoebi
mcire hesis sadguris saxelwodeba
aRWurviloba
didi buldozeri
mcire
hesi
kabali
mcire
hesi
lopota
mcire
hesi
kaxareTi
mcire
hesi
Zama
mcire
hesi
abhesi
mcire
hesi
maWaxela
x
x
saSualo buldozeri
patara buldozeri
x
didi eqskavatori
x
x
x
x
x
x
saSualo eqskavatori
patara eqskavatori
x
ukana niCbiani
eqskavatori
x
x
Ddidi TviTmcleli
x
X
Ppatara
TviTmcleli
Ddidi amwe
mcire
hesi
fShaveli
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
saSualo amwe
Ppatara amwe
x
x
x
x
x
x
MmoZravi
SemduRebeli aparati
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
kompresori
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
pulverizatori
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
MmoZravi betonmrevi
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
armatura
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
generatori
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
25
suraTi 2-3. abhesis mcire hesis ruka
suraTi 2-4. Zamas mcire hesis ruka
26
suraTi 2-5. kabalis mcire hesis ruka
suraTi 2-6 kaxareTis mcire hesis ruka
27
suraTi 2-7 lopotas mcire hesis ruka
suraTi 2-8. maWaxelas mcire hesis ruka
28
suraTi 2-9. fSavelis mcire hesis ruka
2.3.2 bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis proeqtebi
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa ori saxis proeqtis ganxorcielebas
varaudobs: (1) bunebrivi gazis arsebuli qselebis reabilitacias (2) bunebrivi
gazis axali qselebis agebas. reabilitaciis proeqtebi nakleb xarjiani iqneba
da gansaxorcieleblad nakleb dros moiTxovs. es proeqtebi kidev erTxel
daiyofa or kategoriad; proeqtebi, romlebic sadinarebis miwisqveS
damontaJebas moiTxovs da isini, romlebic mxolod miwis zemoTa damontaJebas
moicavs.
cxrili 2-7. bunebrivi gazis proeqtis cxrili
reabilitacia
miwiszeda
miwiszeda da
miwisqveSa
axali nageboba
arsebuli sistemis
martivi miwiszeda
reabilitacia
martivi miwiszeda sistema
romelic saWiroebs axal
teqnikur proeqtsa da
gamoyofis sakiTxebi
mogvarebas.
arsebuli sistemis
ufro rTuli
reabilitacia
romelic saWiroebs
xelaxla gaTxras.
ufro rTuli axali
sistema, romelic
saWiroebs axal teqnikur
proeqts, gamoyofas da
gaTxriT samuSaoebs.
29
gamocdili inJinrebi winaswar SerCeuli proeqtis adgilebs ewvevian, raTa
gansazRvron qselebis ramdeni procentia damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi da
ramdeni procenti moiTxovs reabilitacias/gamocvlas. dRes arsebuli
bunebrivi gazis qselebis umetesoba sabWoTa periodSi 25-ze meti wlis win
aigo. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis xelovnur modelSi Sesuli
bunebrivi gazis reabilitaciis proeqtebi Semdegi saxis saqmianobebs moicavs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
gamanawilebel milTa sistemis dazianebul nawilamde misaRwevad
Txrilis amoTxra;
air SemduRebeli aRWurvilobis meSveobiT milTa sistemis dazianebuli
nawilebis moWra da imave zomis axali milebis miduReba;
milsadenis yvela axal nawilze antikoroziuli wylis saRebavis ori
fenis wasma;
Txrilebis miwiT amovseba;
gazis wnevis maregulirebeli arasamuSao mdgomareobaSi myofi sarqvelis
moxsna da axliT Secvla;
antikoroziuli wylis saRebavis ori fenis wasma yvela axal
aRWurvilobaze;
sazomi xelsawyoebis damontaJeba magistralur milsadenTan kavSiris
wertilSi;
saWiroebisamebr miwiszeda milgayvanilobebis yvela damWeri sadguris
Secvla an SekeTeba;
wneviT Semowmeba gaJonvebis gamosaaSkaraveblad da saWiroebisamebr
milsadenis SeduReba. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ganmeoreba.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba SeduRebis sazRvars;
wneviT Semowmebaze dasaswrebad saxelmwifo struqturebis
warmomadgenlebis mowveva;
yvela gaJonvis aRmofxvris Semdeg odorantis/masxureblis gamoyenebiT
saboloo Semowmeba Catardeba, raTa gamoCndes is gaJonvebi, romelTa
aRmoCena ver moxerxda wneviT Semowmebis dros, gaJonvebis aRmoCenis
SemTxvevaSi SeduRebis meSveobiT maTi SekeTeba; da
mixedviT.
Semowmebis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg, qselis moqmedebaSi CaSveba SeiZleba.
yvela samuSao teqnikuri proeqtis mixedviTa da damproeqteblebis
warmomadgenlebis mWidro zedamxedvelobis qveS regularuli SemowmebebiT
(minimum or kviraSi erTxel) unda ganxorcieldes.
axali mSenebloba: gamocdili inJinrebi proeqtis adgilebSi im teritoriis
Sesaswavlad imogzaureben, sadac milsadenebi unda aigos. SemuSavdeba
teqnikuri proeqtebi, romlebic SemoTavazebuli milsadenebis detalur
aRweras warmoadgenen, maT Soris SemoTavazebuli marSrutebisa da masalebis
daxasiaTebebs. axali mSeneblobebis umetesoba miwis zemoT moxdeba, sadac
milebi da armatura mTlianad miwis zemoT aris ganTavsebuli. Tumca, programa
ar gulisxmobs bunebrivi gazis im proeqtebs, romlebic nawilobriv miwis
qvemoT iqneba. bunebrivi gazis damontaJebis proeqtebi zogadad moicavs:
•
teqnikuri proeqtis mixedviT arxebis amoTxra milsadenis marSrutis
gswvriv;
•
betonis saZirkvlis mqone milsadenis arxebis damontaJeba. Txrilebis
diametri Cveulebriv gamoyenebuli milebis diametrze orjer didia.
magaliTad, Tuki milis diametri 100mm-ia, Txrili 200 mm siganis da
daaxloebiT 40 sm siRrmis unda iyos;
30
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
milis sayrdenis/CarCos (horizontaluri gazis milebis gasamagrebeli)
SeduReba arxebis gasamagreblad;
gazis horizontaluri milebis damontaJebis dawyeba, mas Semdeg, rac
CarCos mqone sayrdeni arxebi adgilzea;
samuSao jgufebis momarageba milsadenis marSrutis gansakuTrebuli
nawilisaTvis, sadac milis diametric erTgvaria;
antikoroziuli wylis saRebavis ori fenis wasma yvela liTonis
daufarav nawilze;
gazis wnevis maregulirebeli sarqvelebis saWiroebisamebr da teqnikur
proeqtSi miTiTebul adgilebze damontaJeba;
mTliani sazomi xelsawyoebis damontaJeba magistralur milsadenTan
kavSiris wertilSi;
yvela gaJonvis aRmofxvramde wneviTi Semowmebisa da SekeTebebis
mudmivad Catareba;
wneviT Semowmebaze dasaswrebad saxelmwifo struqturebis
warmomadgenlebis mowveva;
yvela gaJonvis aRmofxvris Semdeg odorantis gamoyenebiT saboloo
Semowmeba Catardeba, raTa gamoCndes is gaJonvebi, romelTa aRmoCena ver
moxerxda wneviT Semowmebis dros, gaJonvebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi
SeduRebis meSveobiT maTi daluqva;
Semowmebis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg, qselebis moqmedebaSi CaSveba
SeiZleba;
mixedviT.
yvela samuSao teqnikuri proeqtis mixedviT da damproeqteblebis
warmomadgenlebis mWidro zedamxedvelobis qveS regularuli SemowmebebiT
(minimum or kviraSi erTxel) unda ganxorcieldes. suraTebi 2-10 dan 2-12
CaTvliT bunebrivi gazis numiS-proeqtebis sqemas uCvenebs.
suraTi 2-10. kalauris bunebrivi gazis proeqtis ruka
31
suraTi 2-11. xidisTavis bunebrivi gazis proeqtis ruka
suraTi 2-12. sarTiWalis bunebrivi gazis proeqtis ruka
32
3. analizi da alternativebi
programis alternativebi USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-sTan ganxilvis, SesaZlo
partniorebTan konsultaciebis, monawileebTan da SesaZlo beneficiarebTan
interviuebis safuZvlze SeirCa. saqarTveloSi ukve dafinansebuli energo
iniciativebis saxe da msgavsi an mxardamWeri proeqtebis dafinansebis donoris
mier aRqmuli potenciali upirvelesi mosazrebebi iyo. ganxilvebi
koncentrirebuli iyo proeqtebze, romlebic exeboda axal mSeneblobasa an
reabilitacias da Aarsebuli mcire da saSualo zomis eleqtroenergiis
individualuri momwodeblebis infrastruqturis ganaxlebas, ganaxlebadi
energiisa da energo efeqturobis mikro da umciresi masStabis piloturi
proeqtebis ganxorcielebas, adgilobrivi donis resursebis integrirebuli
marTvis gegmebis SemuSavebas da zogadi energiisa da bunebrivi resursebis
marTvis saganmanaTleblo inciativebis ganxorcielebas. qvemoT moyvanili
alternativebi energo iniciativebisa da SesaZleblobebis sxvadasxva donis
kategorizaciazea dafuZnebuli.
3.1 energiasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobebis ganxiluli tipebi
kategorizaciis procesis Sedegad gamoikveTa mxardaWeris oTxi ZiriTadi done
da ganviTarda programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis savaraudo
alternativebi:
•
•
•
•
saSualo masStabis eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodebeli
nagebobebis aSenebisa da/an reabilitaciaze fokusirebuli teqnikuri
daxmareba;
mcire masStabis eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodebeli
nagebobebis agebisa da/an reabilitaciaze fokusirebuli teqnikuri
daxmareba;
mikro an umciresi masStabis eleqtroenergiis individualuri
momwodebeli nagebobebis agebisa da/an reabilitaciaze fokusirebuli
teqnikuri; da
tenikuri daxmareba mxolod energo saqmianobebis ganviTarebaSi.
pirveli sami kategoria gansakuTrebuli energo generaciisa an konservaciis
proeqtebs moicavs, xolo meoTxe im teqnikuri daxmarebis trening programebsa
da sazogadoebis informirebis saqmianobebis ganviTarebasa da ganxorcielebaze
koncentrirdeba, romlebic energetikasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze
informaciis da maTi Semecnebis xelmisawvdomobas zrdis. gaweuli teqnikuri
daxmareba SeiZleba moicavdes biznes dagegmvis trenings, teqnikuri proeqtis
Sedgenis trenings, ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis qve-seqtoris
Sesabamis profesiul trenings da SerCeul energo sakiTxebze xangrZliv
perspeqtiviani sakonsultacio momsaxurebis miwodebis SesaZleblobis mqone
asociaciebisa da sainformacio centrebis Camoyalibebas.
33
cxrili 3-1. soflad energetikis bazris ganviTarebisTvis mxedvelobaSi
misaRebi alternativebi
34
kategoriis
dasaxeleba
saSualo zomis
eleqtro energiis
individualuri
momwodebeli
nagebobebi
ganmarteba
saSualo zomis nagebobebi
moicavs mcire hes-is
nagebobebs 10mvt dan 50 mvt
generaciuli simZlavris
CaTvliT da bunebrivi gazis
ganawilebis qselis proeqts,
romelic SeiZleba moicavdes
maRali wnevis milsadenebs. am
kategoriaSi moiazreba
agreTve axali hes-ebis
mSenebloba.
saqmianoba
Sesrulebadobis dadgenis wina gegmebis da teqnikuri
proeqtis Seswavla.
saSualo zomis eleqtroenergiis individualuri
momwodebeli nagebobis mSenebloba da reabilitacia.
biznes gegmis da grantze ganacxadis SemuSavebaSi
daxmareba.
sesxis fondis CamoyalibebaSi daxmareba.
garemoze zemoqmedebis sruli an damatebiTi Sefasebis
da/an operirebisa da eqspluataciis gegmebis CatarebaSi
teqnikuri daxmareba.
eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodeblis grantiT
SesaZlo daxmareba.
samSeneblo sakonsultacio momsaxureba da operirebisa da
eqspluataciis treningi.
mcire zomis
eleqtro energiis
individualuri
momwodebeli
nagebobebi
saSualo zomis nagebobebi
moicavs mcire hes-is
nagebobebs 10mv-ze naklebi
generaciuli simZlavris
CaTvliT da saSualo da
dabali wnevis bunebrivi
gazis gamanawilebel qselebs.
es kategoria iTvaliswinebs
mxolod arsebuli mcire
hesis reabilitacias.
mcire zomis eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodebeli
nagebobis mSenebloba da reabilitacia.
Sesrulebadobis dadgenis wina gegmebis da teqnikuri
proeqtis Seswavla.
daxmareba.
garemoze zemoqmedebis sruli an damatebiTi Sefasebis da/an
operirebisa da eqspluataciis gegmebis CatarebaSi
SesaZlo daxmareba.
infrastruqturaSi SeiZleba Sediodes eleqtro energiis
individualuri momwodeblis asociaciis ifisebi da REPSO
centri.
ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeq
turobisa da
resursebis
integrirebuli
marTvis gegmasTan
dakavSirebuli
saqmianoba
ZiriTadi
energetikuli
saqmianoba
nagebobebi moicavs Sedis
mikro-hidro (5kvt-dan100kvtmde) da piko-hidro (5kvt-ze
naklebi), fermis donis
biogazis qvabebs, biomasis
Rumelebs, mcire zomis qaris
generatorebs, samSeneblospecifikur mzis Termul da
mzis fotogalvanur
sistemebs, konkretuli
SenobisTvis havis
gaTvaliswinebiT mSeneblobas
da -specifikur
hermetizireba, da sawvavis
gadarTvis proeqtebi.
Eenergetikis dargSi
ganaTleba moicavs mxolod
treningis programas.
araviTari finansuri an
teqnikuri daxmareba ar
gaewevaT eleqtroenergiis
individualuri
momwodeblebisis proeqtebs.
daxmareba.
garemoze zemoqmedebis sruli an damatebiTi Sefasebis da/an
operirebisa da eqspluataciis gegmebis CatarebaSi
SesaZlo daxmareba.
infrastruqturaSi SeiZleba Sediodes ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis asociaciis ifisebi da REPSO
centri.
moicavs zogad treningebs biznes-gegmis SemuSavebisa da
eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodebeli nagebobis
operirebaze da profesiul treningebs ganaxlebad
energiasTan/energoefeqturobasTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva
teqnikur specialobaSi.
infrastruqturaSi SeiZleba Sediodes ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis asociaciis ifisebi da REPSO
sainformacio centrebi.
35
3.2 alternativebis SemuSaveba
zemoT moyvanil kategoriebze dayrdnobiT saqarTveloSi energetikis
ganviTareba soflad saqmianobebis xelSewyobis saSualebebis warmosaCenad
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-sTvis oTxi alternativa SemuSavda. cxrili 3-2
oTxidan TiToeul alternativas aRwers, iseve rogorc “qmedebis gareSe”
alternativas, romelic gulisxmobs, rom saqarTvloSi energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis meSveobiT aranairi saxis (finansuri Tu teqnikuri)
daxmareba ar Caideba. alternativebi warmodgenilia safexureobrivi seriebis
saxiT, sadac TiToeuli alternativaa infrastruqturis ganviTerebis
proeqtebis ufro maRali donis mxardaWeras gamoricxavs. alternativebis am
wesiT dajgufeba, SesaZlebels xdis Sedegebis naTeli Sedarebas
infrastrquturis ganviTarebis sxvadasva donis mxardamWer programasa da im
programas Soris, romelic regionebSi SesaZlo saqmianobis gaumjobesebis
saxis sapasuxod infrastruqturis gasaviTareblad sabazro Zalebs
daeyrdnoba.
36
cxrili 3-2. alternativebis Sejameba
alternativa
aRwera
saWiro RonisZiebebi
qmedebis gareSe
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programaSi araa
saWiro energetikuli saqmianobis CarTva
araviTari
soflad energetikis
ganviTarebis
yovlismomcveli
mxardaWera
energetikuli saqmianobis yvela kategoria CarTulia am
programaSi 50mvt-mde hes-ebis aSenebis an
reabilitaciis, bun gazis maRali, saSualo da dabali
wnevis gamanawilebeli qselebis aSenebis an
reabilitaciis, ganaxlebadi
energiis/eneregoefeqturobis piloturi proeqtebis
danergvis da resursebis integrirebuli marTvis
gegmebis SemuSavebis da energetikuli saqmianobis
sruli speqtris _ asociaciebis mxardaWeris REPSO
Camoyalibebis da profesiuli saswavlo programebis
CaTvliT
saSualo masStabis ind
energo momw sadgurebi
energetikuli saqmianobis kategoriebis umetesoba
CarTulia am programaSi 10mvt-mde axali hes-ebis
aSenebis, bun gazis maRali, saSualo da dabali wnevis
gamanawilebeli qselebis aSenebis an reabilitaciis,
ganaxlebadi energiis/eneregoefeqturobis piloturi
proeqtebis danergvis da reursebis integrirebuli
marTvis gegmebis SemuSavebis da energetikuli
saqmianobis sruli speqtris _ asociaciebis
mxardaWeris REPSO Camoyalibebis da profesiuli
saswavlo programebis CaTvliT.
mcire masStabis ind energo
momw sadgurebi
ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqt
urobis da res
integr marTvis
gegmebis mxardamWeri
RonisZiebebis
SemuSaveba
es kategoria isaxavs ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis pilotur proeqtebs da
adgilobrivi res integr marTvis gegmebs da
energetikis ganviTarebis RonisZiebebis sruli speqtris
SemuSavebas asociaciebis mxaradWeri, REPSO
Camoyalibebis da profesiuli saswavlo programebis
CaTvliT.
ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis
da res integr marTvis
RonisZiebebi
zogadi energet
RonisZiebebis
SemuSaveba
es kategoria moicavs energetikis ganviTarebis
RonisZiebebis srul speqtrs asociaciebis mxaradWeri,
REPSO Camoyalibebis da profesiuli saswavlo
programebis CaTvliT. am kategoriaSi araa
gaTvaliswinebuli ind energo momw sadgurebis
teqnikuri xelSewyoba Tu finansuri mxardaWera,
ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis piloturi
proeqtebi, Tu adgilobrivi res integr marTvis gegmebi.
zogadi energetikuli
RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba
arCeuli
alternativa:
mcire masStabis ind
energo momw
mxardaWera da
ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqt
urobis da res
integr marTvis
RonisZiebebis
SemuSaveba
mcire masStabis ind energo
momw sadgurebi
ganaxlebadi
RonisZiebebi
zogadi energetikuli
ganaxlebadi
RonisZiebebi
zogadi energetikuli
zogadi energetikuli
37
3.3 alternativebis aRwera
3.3.1 alternativa 1 - qmedebis gareSe
“qmedebis gareSe” alternativis farglebSi mosazrebebidan gamoiricxeba
soflad energetikis ganviTarebis proeqtebis investireba da teqnikuri
mxardaWera, rogorc soflad energetikis ganviTarebis programis komponenti.
soflad dafuZnebuli individualuri energo mimwodeblebi, maT Soris mcire
hes-ebi da bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebeli qselebi, ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis piloturi proeqtebi da adgilobriv saTemo
kavSirebze dafuZnebuli bunebrivi resursebis marTva gadasarCenad da
gasaviTareblad regionuli sabazro Zalebis amara darCeba. ufro metic,
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo ar gauwevs aranair mxardaWeras eleqtroenergiis
indivdualuri mowodebis operatorebs, adgilobriv saTemo kavSirebs, an
regionul ofisebs el energiis individualuri momwodeblebis proeqtebis,
mcire masStabis ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis proeqtebis, an
resursebis marTvis integrirebuli gegmebis ganviTarebis, finansirebis,
ganxorcielebis da/an xangrZliv perspeqtivaSi marTvis sferoSi. energo
proeqtebis ganviTarebas kerZo sawarmoebi da sxva donori organizaciebi
moaxdenen da aranairi daxmareba ar iqneba gaweuli adgilobrivi institutebis,
maT Soris asociaciebisa an proeqtis mxardamWeri ofisebis Camosayalibeblad,
romelTac energoseqtoris xangrZlivi mxardaWeris unari SeswevT.
3.3.2 alternativa 2 – soflad energetikis ganviTarebis
yovlismomcveli mxardaWera
yovlismomcveli energetikuli ganviTarebis modelis mxardaWeriT,
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s SeeZlo xelmisawvdomi gaexada saWiro fondebi
energetikuli investiciebis yvela tipisaTvis, maT Soris
infrastruqturis
proeqtebis yvela donis ganviTarebisaTvis, rac moicavda axali hidroenergo
sadgurebis (HPP) agebas da aseve maTi reabilitaciis mxardaWeras 10 mv-ze meti
simZlavris generaciuli danadgariT. garda amisa, soflad energetikis
ganviTarebis programis farglebSi USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s SeeZlo aseve
gamoeyo dafinanseba da teqnikuri daxmareba maRali wnevis bunebrivi gazis
milsadenebis gafarToebisaTvis. es programa mTlianad iqneboda
koncentrirebuli el energiis individualuri momwodeblebis proeqtebis
infrastruqturis komerciul momgebianobaze da maT unarze gaezardaT energia
saqarTvelos sistemaSi. gaTvaliswinebulia mikro da umciresi masStabis
ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis proeqtebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba,
raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas gaumjobesebuli xelmisawvdomoba energiaze da/an
gaumjobesebul energokonservaciaze rogorc saojaxo meurneobis, aseve firmis
doneze. resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmebis SemuSavebis xelSewyoba
aseve gaTvaliswinebulia im soflebSi, sadac el energiis individualuri
momwodeblebis infrastruqturis ganviTarebis proeqtebi ganxorcieldeba an
soflebSi, romlebsac iseTi resursebi gaaCniaT, romlebsac SeuZliaT
zegavlena moaxdinon an Tavad moeqcnen el energiis individualuri
momwodeblebis moqmedebis zegavlenis qveS.
38
3.3.3 alternativa 3 – saSualo masStabis energo
infrastruqturis mxardaWera da ganviTareba; arCeuli
alternativa
es alternativa gamoricxavs axali hidro energo sadgurebis HPP danadgarebis,
10 mv-ze meti generaciuli unaris mqone mcire hes-ebis reabilitaciis an maRali
wnevis bunebrivi gazis milsadenebis reabilitaciisa an gafarToebisaTvis
SesaZlo dafinansebasa da teqnikur daxmarebas. am alternativis farglebSi
saqmianobebi dagegmilia, rom gamoiyenebs arsebul infrastruqturas, rogorc
platformas mcire hes-ebis qve-seqtoris zrdisaTvis da qveyanaSi ar Seqmnis
raime damatebiTi saxis generaciul simZlavres, romelic proeqtebis Sedegad
iqneba miRebuli imaT garda, romlebic SeiZleba klasificirebul iqnen,
rogorc mcire hes-ebis “reab”. alternativa 3-is mizania iseTi damxmare
danadgarebis, rogoricaa (mcire hes-ebisaTvis) eleqtro sadgurebis, arxebis,
dambebis, sadawneo milsadenebis, wyalsagdebis da a.S. da ( saSualo da
dabalwneviani bunebrivi gazis proeqtebisaTvis) energo distribuciis qselebis
agebisa an reabilitaciis meSveobiT infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba.
igulisxmeba mikro da umciresi ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis
proeqtebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas
gaumjobesebuli xelmisawvdomoba energiaze da/an gaumjobesebul
energokonservaciaze rogorc saojaxo meurneobis, aseve firmis doneze.
resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmebis SemuSaveba-ganviTarebaSi daxmareba
aseve gaTvaliswinebulia im soflebSi, sadac el energiis individualuri
momwodeblebis infrastruqturis proeqtebi ganxorcieldeba an soflebSi,
romlebsac iseTi resursebi gaaCniaT, romlebsac SeuZliaT zegavlena
moaxdinon an Tavad moeqcnen el energiis individualuri momwodeblebis
moqmedebis zegavlenis qveS .
3.3.4 alternativa 4 - ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis
da mxardaWera da saqmianobebis ganviTareba
alternativa 4 srulad gamoricxavs el energiis individualuri momwodeblebis
infrastruqturis proeqtebs da met yuradRebas amaxvilebs soflebSi
ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis teqnologiebis da bunebrivi
resursebis marTvis gaumjobesebul Semecnebaze da miRebaze. es alternativa
moicavs informaciis gamavrcelebeli programebis, maT Soris zogadi
sazogadoebrivi ganmanaTlebeli programebis, ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis specialistebisaTvis da ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis gamoyenebaze momuSave biznesmenebis profesiuli
treningebis mxardaWeras, rogorc es miTiTebulia alternativa 5-Si.
3.3.5 alternativa 5 - soflad energetikis ganviTarebis
saqmianobebis ganviTareba
alternativa 5-is farglebSi pirdapiri dafinanseba gamoiyofa nebismieri
masStabis soflad energo infrastruqturis ganviTarebisaTvis. Pprograma mxars
dauWers soflad energetikis ganviTarebis nebiemiseri tipis saqmianobebs, maT
Soris eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodeblebis operatori
asociaciebis Camoyalibebas da ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtebis mxardamWeri
ofisis Seqmnas; es ori gaTvlilia imisaTvis, rom soflad energetikis
ganviTarebis programaze informacia xelmisawvdomi gaxdes. garda amisa,
programa mxars dauWers im trening-programebis ganxorcielebas, romlebic
monawileebs imgvar teqnikur, finansur da/an menejerul unar-Cvevebs
ganuviTarebs, romlebic energo seqtorSi dasaqmebisaTvis aris aucilebeli.
teqnikuri daxmareba SesaZloa gaewios eleqtroenergiis individualuri
39
momwodebel mflobelebs, proeqtis ganviTarebis saxiT, sadac mxardaWera
xorcieldeba teqnikuri proeqtis, biznes gegmebis momzadebaSi da proeqtis
mflobelis mxridan garantirebuli dafinansebis SemTxvevaSi, proeqtis
mSenelobisa da mis Semdgom treningSi fuladi saxsrebis ganTavsebasa da
SegrovebaSi, moqmedebaSi CaSvebasa da teqnikur momsaxurebaSi da sxva sakvanZo
sakiTxebSi.
alternativa 5-is farglebSi, energo generaciisa da distribuciis
infrastruqturis ganviTareba upirates sabazro Zalebs darCebaT. energo
generaciisa da distribuciis simZlavre Seicvleba ramdenadac sabazro
pirobebi iZleva saSualebas. energo generaciisa da miwodebis SesaZleblobisa
da xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad investorebi ixelmZRvaneleben konkurentuli
ZalebiT.
3.4 alternativebis Sedareba
qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi 3-3 warmodgenilia xuTive alternativis sakvanZo
elementebi, romlebic soflis donis gansxvavebuli saxisa da sirTulis
proeqtebis mxardaWeras exeba. alternativa 1-sa da alternativa 5-is
gamoklebiT, yvela danarCeni alternativa miznad isaxavs energiis SesaZlo
xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebas specifiuri energo proeqtebisaTvis teqnikuri
da/an finansuri daxmarebis aRmoCeniT.
40
cxrili 3-3. alternativebis Sedareba, matricis ZiriTadi elementebi
saqmianobebi
alterna
tiva 1,
araviTar
i
moqmedeba
alternativa 2,
ganaxlebadi
energiis
ganviTarebis
sruli
mxardaWera
Aalternativa
3, arCeuli
alternativa
– mcire
masStabis
eleqtroenerg
iis
infrastruqt
uris
ganviTareba
alternativa
4,
ganaxlebadi
energies/energ
oefeqturobis
da
resursebis
integrirebul
i marTvis
gegmis
mxardaWera
da
saqmianobis
SemuSaveba
axali
mSenebloba
(mcire hesebis)
X
maRali wnevis
bunebrivi gazis
milsadenis
dagrZeleba
X
mcire hesis
reabilitacia >
10mvt
X
reabilitacia <
10 mvt
X
X
saSualo da
dabali wnevis
bunebrivi gazis
milsadenis
dagrZeleba
X
X
ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoef
eqturobis
piloturi gegma
X
X
X
adgilobrivi
resursebis
integrirebuli
marTvis gegma
energetikuli
saqmianobebi
X
X
X
X
X
X
Aalternativa
5,
ganaxlebadi
energiis
saqmianobis
SemuSaveba
X
41
4. garemosdacviTi maregulirebeli sakiTxebi da
politika
4.1 Sesavali
PEA savele samuSaoebi ganxorcielda daaxloebiT ornaxevari wlis win mas
Semdeg rac vardebis revoluciam qveynis saTaveSi saakaSvilis mTavroba
moaqcia. energo seqtorSi mimdinare reformebi cxadyofs saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mzadyofnas gaataros deregulirebis politika da mis mier
komerciuli energo seqtoris efeqturobisa da usafrTxoebis aRiarebas. es
aris sabWoTa periodSi energo seqtorSi arsebuli centralizebuli midgomis
mkveTri Secvla.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mcdeloba moiZios energoresursebis alternatiuli
wyaroebi da gaaumjobesos maTi xelmisawvdomoba xels Seuwyobs moTxovnamiwodebis dabalansebas da iseTi miznebis realizebas rogoricaa miwodebis
usafrTxoeba, efeqturobis zrda da garemos dabinZurebis donis Semcireba.
TumcaRa, ganaxlebadi teqnologiebis energousafrTxoebisTvis mniSvnelovani
potencialis miuxedavad, saxeldobr, naklebaad xarjiani hidro da bio
teqnologiebi, qveyana kvlav ganicdis ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtebis
naklebobas. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi ganxiluli
damoukidebeli mcire energomwarmoeblebisa da ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis proeqtebis tipidan gamomdinare, sabiTumo fasebze
zemoqmedebis mqone proeqtebTan SedarebiT es mcire proeqtebi
arakonkurentunarianad aris miCneuli. amdenad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis
prioritetia arsebuli didi simZlavris obieqtebis reabilitacia da ara mcire
simZlavris obieqtebis mSenebloba da/an reabilitacia. ganaxlebadi energiis
proeqtebis ganxorcielebisTvis xelsayreli maregulirebeli garemos
ararseboba seqtoris ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan dabrkolebad iqca.
saqarTvelos arsebuli energopolitika energo stabilurobasa da
usafrTxoebas Semdgomi ganviTarebis winapirobad moiazrebs. TumcaRa,
energodamoukideblobisa da mdgradobis miRweva saWiroebs axali obieqtebis
mSeneblobis, energoresursebis diversifikaciisa da generaciis arsebuli
obieqtebis reabilitaciis prioritetulobas. mowinave teqnologiebisa da
energomatareblebze mudmivad mzardi fasebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganaxlebadi
energiis teqnologia sul ufro met konkurentunarianobas iZens.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis winaSe arebuli energo seqtoris liberalizaciis
mizani zrdis stabiluri da kompetenturi maregulireblis arsebobis
saWiroebas. seqtoris arsebuli politika da institucionaluri CarCoebi
arastabiluria, xolo saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenlebis xSiri
Tanamdebobrivi rotaciebi da damtkicebuli procedurebis xSiri da erTi
konkretuli SemTxvevisTvis morgebuli cvlilebebi kidev ufro amZafrebs
arastabilurobas. aRniSnuli cvalebadobis gamo bevri damoukidebeli
energomwarmoebeli da finansuri dawesebuleba uars acxadebs saWiro
investiciebis ganTavsebaze, xolo nebarTvebisa da licenziebis gacemis
sferoSi SeTanxmebuli da Tanamimdevruli politikis ararseboba arTulebs
arsebul maregulirebel wesebTan Sesabamisobas.
42
4.2 warmodgenili saqmianobis institucionaluri CarCoebi
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mier
dafinansebuli energetikis ganviTareba soflad oTxwliani programa miznad
isaxavs qvemoT warmodgenil ZiriTad miznebs:
•
•
•
•
energiis miwodebis zrda soflad (rogorc qseluri aseve ara-qseluri
energia);
adgilobrivi energowarmoebis marTvis gaumjobeseba;
qveynis regionaluri da alternatiuli energomoxmarebis gaumjobeseba;
da
adgilobrivi energoresursebis efeqturad gomoyenebis donis zrda.
aRniSnuli miznebis ganxorcieleba, ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis
dadgenilebebisa da kanonebis safuZvelze xdeba, romlebic, Tavis mxriv,
warmoadgenen ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis proeqtebis
mSeneblobis, reabilitaciisa da damoukidebeli energomwarmoeblebis mier
generaciis obieqtebis marTvis nebarTvebis gacemisa da licenzirebis
safuZvels. Sesabamisi maregulirebeli dokumentebi moicavs Semdeg kanonebsa
da dadgenilebebs:
•
saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb (#1775,
miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2005 wlis 25 ivniss);
•
garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis gacemis wesisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2005 wlis 1 seqtembris #154 dadgenilebiT
damtkicebul debulebaSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze
(#26, miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2006 wlis 3 Tebervals);
mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis wesisa da sanebarTvo pirobebis Sesaxeb
(#140, miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2005 wlis 11 agvistos);
da
saqarTvelos kanoni kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb (#2209,
miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 1999 wlis 25 ivniss),
cvlilebebi kanonSi (#1462 – 2002 wlis 18 ivnisi; #2133 – 2003 wlis 7
maisi; #309 – 2004 wlis 1 ivlisi da #2406 – 2005 wlis 22 dekemberi).
•
•
aRniSnuli kanonebis programaze zemoqmedeba aRwerilia nawilSi 4.3 da 4.4.
43
4.3 mSeneblobis/reabilitaciis nebarTva da garemosdacviTi
politika
#140 dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad ganaxlebisa da saremonto da sarekonstruqcio
samuSaoebis Sesruleba „arsebuli gabaritebisa da iersaxis arsebiTad Secvlis
gareSe, maT Soris fasadisa da saxuravis samuSaoTa Sesruleba, garda
kulturuli memkvidreobis damcav zonebSi ganTavsebuli Senoba-nagebobebisa,
aseve iseTi zonebisa, sadac saqarTvelos mTavrobis an adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTveli erTeulis gadawyvetilebiT es sakiTxi sxvagvarad
regulirdeba“ ar saWiroebs mSeneblobis nebarTvas.
amas garda, saqarTvelos kanoni
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis
Sesaxeb iTvaliswinebs arqeologiuri,
sazedamxedvelo, pirveladi Ziebis,
istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis
aRmoCenis, samecniero kvlevis, beWdviT
organoSi gamoqveynebisa da dacvis
RonisZiebebis saproeqto da samSeneblo
xarjebSi gatarebas. arsebiTi saremonto
da sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebis
Catarebis SemTxvevaSi, kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebulia investoris mier
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiaSi
dagegmil samuSaoebamde sami TviT adre
ganacxadis wardgena.
cxrili 4-1. mSeneblobis nebarTvasa da
garemosdacviT politikasTan mimarTebiT
arsebuli problemebi
• dadgenilebebis zogierT muxlSi
warmodgenili terminologia ar iZleva
procedurebis srul da amomwurav
ganmartebas.
• saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier wesebisa da
dadgenilebebis xSiri Secvla badebs
maTi Sesabamisobis kiTxvas.
• saqarTvelos mTavrobis kadrebis xSiri
rotaciebi aWianurebs nebarTvebis
miRebas.
• Sesabamisi dadgenilebebi ar iZleva
pasuxismgebeli da uflebamosili
saxlemwifo struqturis miniSnebas,
garda am struqturebSi ganacxadis
Setanis saWiroebis miniSnebisa.
sxvadasxva regionSi am struqturebs
gansxvavebuli saxelebi aqvT miniWebuli
da sxvadasxva saxelmwifo struqturis
iurisdiqciaSia.
arsebuli maregulirebeli garemo ar
aris calsaxa, vinaidan „gabaritebisa da
iersaxis arsebiTad Secvla”
ganmartebuli ar aris. amas garda, ar
aris gasagebi aris Tu ara turbinageneratoris Secvla gabaritebis Secvlis
tolfasi. saministros warmomadgenlebTan • nebarTvebis gacemisa da licenzirebis
da wamyvan specialistebTan saubrisas
politikisadmi erTiani midgomis
ararseboba arTulebs arsebul
PEA jgufma gaakeTa daskvna imis Sesaxeb,
kanonebTan Sesabamisobas.
rom 2 mvt-ze naklebi simZlavris yvela
• adgilobrivi/regionaluri
mcire hidroeleqtrosadguri eqceva #140
xelisuflebis mxridan garemosdacviTi
dadgenilebis moqmedebis sferoSi da
sakiTxebis mwiri codna arTulebs
gamartivebuli wesiT, mxolod
proeqtebis marTebul Sefasebas.
arqiteqturul-gegmarebiTi davalebis
safuZvelze miiRebs dagegmili
RonisZiebebis Catarebis uflebas. gamartivebuli wesebis Tanaxmad, centraluri
xelisufleba ar avaldebulebs ganmcxadebels misTvis raime dokumentaciis
wardgenas da mxolod adgilobrivi (regionaluri) Sesabamisi organosadmi
teqnikuri proeqtis wardgenis safuZvelze 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi miiRebs maT
mier werilobiT gacemul Tanxmobasa Tu akrZalvas.
TumcaRa, gamartivebuli procedurac ki garkveul winaaRmdegobebs awydeba.
Sesabamisi uflebamosilebis mqone organoebi yvela regionSi gansxvavebuli
saxeliT aris warmodgenili da sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebis
daqvemdebarebaSia. amdenad, rTuli dasadgenia Tu romel konkretul uwyebas
unda mimarTos ganmcxadebelma teqnikuri proeqtis ganxilvis ganacxadiT.
#140 dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, “gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis” obieqtebis
mSnebloba, rogoricaa magistraluri navTobsadeni da gazsadeni, 2 mvt an meti
simZlvaris mcire hesi da 10 mvt da meti simZlavris Tboeleqtrosadguri
44
saWiroebs gansakuTrebul ganxilvasa da nebarTvas. „gansakuTrebuli
mniSvnelobis“ obieqtebSi moiazreba pragramis farglebSi gansaxilveli mcire
hesebis didi nawili da bunebrivi gazis yvela proeqti. sametapiani procedura,
romliTac xdeba mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema aseTi tipis proeqtebisTvis da
maTi gacemis vadebi Semdegia:
•
etapi I – arqiteqturul-gegmarebiTi davaleba (30 dRe)
•
etapi II – arqtiteqturul-samSeneblo proeqtis SeTanxmeba (20 dRe)
•
etapi III – mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema (10 dRe)
pirveli ori etapi xorcieldeba adgilobriv/regionalur doneze;
dokumentaciis momzadeba da gacema mesame etapze xdeba centralizebulad.
saxelmwifo uwyeba, romelic mesame etapze gascems nebarTvas mesame etapze
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis dokumentacias (warmodgenils teqnikuri
proeqtis nawilis saxiT) garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis departamentSi agzavnis
da iTxovs „saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis daskvnas“. „daskvna“ xdeba
mSeneblobis nebarTvis nawili da mtkicdeba saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis ministris mier.
proeqtis maStabebidan da misi ganxorcielebis adgilmdebareobidan
gamomdinare, mSeneblobis nebarTva SeiZleba saWiroebdes Tanxmobas kulturisa
da sportis saministrodan imis dasturiT, rom dagegmili RonisZiebebi ar
xorcieldeba istoriuli memkvidreobis Zeglis mimdebare zonebSi da/an
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis warmoebis adgilebSi. Tu programa energetikis
ganviTareba soflad miznad isaxavs mniSvnelovani gabaritebis proeqtis maRali wnevis milsadenebisa da 2 mvt-ze meti simZlavris hesebis mSneblobas/reabilitacias, teqnikuri proeqtebis ganxilva da damtkiceba unda
moxdes saxelmwifo kompleqsuri eqspertizis ganyofilebaSi. saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mier dasaxuli procedurebis gamartiveba miznad isaxavs am
saxelmwifo uwyebis gauqmebas, rac gaauqmebs „daskvnis“ miRebis aucileblobas
da arsebuli proceduriT saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro
gascems mSeneblobis nebarTvas.
eleqtroenergiis damoukidebeli mwarmoeblebis xelSewyoba ZiriTadad
moiazrebs arsebuli kerZo energo obieqtebis reabilitacias. amdenad,
mSeneblobis dawyebamde mflobel(eb)i unda flobdes yvela Sesabamis
nebarTvasa da licenzias. aRniSnuli nebarTvebisa da licenziebis moqmedebis
vada, rogorc wesi, ramdenime wliT ganisazRvreba (garemosdacviTi nebarTva,
magaliTad, aTi wlis vadiT gaicema). wlebis win aSenebuli hesebis SemTxvevaSi,
eleqtroenergiis damoukidebel mwarmoebels SesaZloa wlebis win ukve
mopovebuli hqondes aRniSnuli nebarTvebi da licenziebi da mxolod maTi
ganaxleba daWirdes. mflobelis mier aRniSnuli dokumentaciis flobisa da
Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebebis arqivSi maTi aslebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi
nebarTvisa Tu licenziis ganaxlebis procesi bevrad ufro martivi iqneba.
servitutis ufleba mSeneblobis nebarTvis winapirobas warmoadgens. miwis
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi yofnis SemTxvevaSi gaicema adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobis mier, xolo kerZo sakuTrebis SemTxvevaSi mesakuTresTan
SeTanxmebiT xdeba misi gamoyeneba. servitutis ufleba mSeneblobis nebarTvaze
ganacxadis nawils warmoadgens. proeqtis azriT, servitutis ufleba
mniSvnelovani garemoeba iqneba bunebrivi gazis proeqtebis mSeneblobisas.
45
garemosdacviTi politika
#154 dadgenilebiT mcire hesebisa da dabali da saSualo wnevis milsadenebis
reabilitaciis SemTxvevaSi, garemosdacviTi nebarTvis gacemis gamartivebuli
wesis Tanaxmad, aRniSnul saqmianobas garemosdacviTi nebarTva ar esaWiroeba.
TumcaRa, igive maStabis samuSaoebis Catarebisas nebarTva aucilebelia
kaSxalis reabilitacis SemTxvevaSi maSinac ki, Tu obieqtis simZlavre 2 mvt-ze
naklebia.
garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis departamentis mier gacemuli
wyalaRebis/wyalCaSvebis nebarTva ar aris saWiro im obieqtebisTvis, romlebic
wyals ukve licenzirebuli obieqtebidan – magaliTad, sairigacio arxebidan –
iReben. hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalmomaragebis sqemidan gamomdinare, anu
iRebs hesi wyals mdinaridan Tu sairigacio arxidan da sad xdeba am wylis
Cabruneba, ganacxadi da teqnikuri proeqtis asli waredgineba melioraciis
departaments, romelic gascems daskvnas wylis moxmarebaze, an garemosdacviTi
nebarTvebis departaments, romelic nebarTvas gascems.
46
4.4 daskvna
progresi aSkaraa saqarTveloSi nebarTvebis, licenziebisa da sertifikatebis
miRebasTan asocirebuli procedurebis gamartivebasTan mimarTebiT. miuxedavad
amisa, reformebi axali gatarebulia da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, axladSemoRebuli
dadgenilebebisa Tu wesebis interpretacia rTulia. (zogierT SemTxvevaSi,
debulebebi ar iZleva procedurebis srul da amomwurav ganmartebas, rac
nebarTvebis gacemis gaWianurebis mizezi xdeba). kadrebis xSiri monacvleoba
kidev ufro aRrmavebs am problemas. arsebuli saxiT gawerili da
aRsrulebuli wesebi da dadgenilebebi ar iZleva amomwurav ganmartebebsa da
pasuxismgebeli da uflebamosili saxlemwifo struqturis miniSnebas, amdenad
kiTxvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi Znelia pasuxis drouli miReba.
swrafad cvladi politikis viTarebaSi da saqarTveloSi mimdinare reformebis
pirobebSi PEA jgufis rekomendacia iTvaliswinebs programis sistematiur
urTierTobas Sesabamis saxelmwifo struqturebTan da nebarTvebTan da
licenziebTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi ganmartebebis
werilobiT moTxovnas.
47
5. sabaziso monacemebi/zemoqmedeba garemoze
am nawilSi warmodgenilia fonuri monacemebi, romelic programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis xelovnur modelSi Semavali aTi adgilidan
Segrovda. informacia Seexeba geologias da niadagebs, wylis resursebs,
biologiur resursebs, aseve, socialur-ekonomikur da kulturul resursebs.
5.1 geologia da niadagebi
saqarTvelo mdebareobs kavkasiis regionSi; mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba didi
kavkasionis mTebi, samxreTiT - mcire kavkasioni, xolo dasavleTiT -Savi zRva.
qveyanas ukavia 69 500 kvadratuli kilometri, xolo sazRvris sigrZe 1 968
kilometrs Seadgens. daaxloebiT 16% anu 310 kilometri ukavia sanapiro zols.
geologiuri TvalsazrisiT, qveyana ZiriTadad mezozouri da kainozouri
warmoSobisaa. geoteqtonikuri zona ramdenime nawilad iyofa: CrdiloeTidan
samxreTamde kavkasionis mTavari qedis antiklinoriumi, kavkasionis mTavari
qedi, saqarTvelos sartyeli, aWara-TrialeTis sistema, arTvin-bolnisis
sartyeli da loq-yarabaRis zona. saqarTvelos reliefi kontrastulia da
maRali, saSualo da dabali mTagoriani zedapiriT gamoirCeva (n. beruCaSvili
1996w).
topografia: saqarTvelos sakmaod rTuli topografiuli agebuleba aqvs,
maRlobebi iwyeba zRvis donidan (Savi zRvis sanapirodan) 5 068 metramde
(Sxaras mTa). mTavari orografiuli elementia kavkasionis didi qedi,
mTaTaSorisi CaRrmaveba, kavkasionis mcire qedi da samxreT saqarTvelos
vulkanuri zegani. kavkasionis mTavari qedi da samxreT saqarTvelos zegani
uerTdeba lixis qeds, romelic saqarTvelos yofs or kontrastul klimatur
zonad – dasavleT saqarTvelod da aRmosavleT saqarTvelod (SOEsaqarTvelo, 1999).
biogeografia: saqarTveloSi, SedarebiT mcire zomis geografiuli
regionisTvis sakmaod bevri ekosistemaa, rac rTuli reliefis, cvladi
klimaturi pirobebis da gansxvavebuli geografiuli adgilmdebareobis
Sedegia. saqarTveloSi arsebobs oTxi evraziuli bio-geografiuli regioni:
aRmosavleT xmelTaSua, CrdiloeT boreuli, iranul-turaniuli da kolxuri
(CEO, 2002)
niadagebi: saqarTvelos niadagis zonebi moicavs dasavleTis, aRmosavleTis da
samxreTis niadagis raionebs. dasavleTis raionisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
Cveulebrivi Waobiani da eweri niadagebi, wiTelmiwa da yviTelmiwa niadagebi
mTiswineTSi, mTa-tyis da mdelos niadagis zonebi. samxreT raionSi ZiriTadad
gvxvdeba wablisferi, Savi (Savmiwa, savele zona) da hidromorfuli wablisferi
niadagi eldaris naxevar-udabnoSi da loris mTianeTis samxreT nawilSi.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos savele zonis did nawilSi gavrcelebulia
neSompala-karbonatuli niadagebi. mlaSe niadagebi (bicobi da mlaSobi)
farTod aris gavrcelebuli taribana-natbeuris, marneulis da gardabnis velis
da eldaris teritoriaze. samxreTi nawili ZiriTadad Sedgeba mTis da
Cveulebrivi Savi (Savmiwa) da mTa-mdelos niadagebisgan. samxreTis raionis
dasavleT nawilSi aluviur-karbonatuli, mTis ruxi-kordiani da yomrali
niadagi sWarbobs (NEAP-saqarTvelo 2000, suraTi 5-1).
qvemoT mocemulia informacia geologiuri resursebis Sesaxeb im
teritoriebisaTvis, sadac dagegmilia programis ganxorcieleba; TiToeuli
maTgani moicavs konkretul informacias geologiuri resursebis, geologiuri
safrTxisa da niadagebis Sesaxeb. seismuroba gansazRvrulia seismuri skaliT.
48
suraTi 5-1. saqarTvelos niadagebis ruka
5.1.1 abhesi
geologia: abaSiswyali mdebareobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi, zugdidis raionSi,
mdinare abaSiswyalTan (romelic mdinare texuras marcxena Senakads
warmoadgens). raions samxreTiT esazRvreba odiSis dablobi. raionis
centralur mTian nawils neogenis da paleocenis qanebi warmoadgens,
romlebic qviSaqvisagan da Tixisgan Sedgeba. egrisis qedis ferdobebi raions
CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba. qedis iuruli qanebi kirqvisgan, kiriani Tixisgan da
qviSaqvisgan Sedgeba (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964).
geologiuri safrTxe: seismuri TvalsazrisiT, teritoria aqtiur seismur
zonas miekuTvneba. regionis seismuroba skaliT “rvianiT” (8) fasdeba
(saqarTvelos seismuri riskis Sefasebis ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: es regioni niadagebis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. mdinaris
sanapirosTvis damaxasiaTebelia aluviur ukarbonato niadagebi, xolo barSi
subtropikuli gaewerebuli niadagebi gvxvdeba. mTa-gorian adgilebSi
neSompala karbonatuli niadagebi dominirebs. ufro maRal adgilebSi (1 800dan 2 000 metramde) umetesad yomrali niadagebia. regionis zeda nawili mTis
kordiani niadagiT aris dafaruli (saqarTvelos niadagebis ruka, 1999w).
5.1.2. Zama (kexijvari)
geologia: sofeli kexijvari Sida qarTlis dablobze mdebareobs da Sida
qarTlis, qarelis raions ekuTvnis. simaRle daaxloebiT 700-dan 750 metramdea.
sofeli gaSenebulia mdinare Zamaze, romelic mdinare mtkvris Senakads
warmoadgens (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w).
sofels gars ekvris rTuli geologiuri struqturis mqone unikaluri
landSafti, sadac dominirebs dablobi da Rrma xeobebi, romlebic mdinare
49
mtkvris da misi Senakadebis (Zama, frone, liaxvi) Sedegad warmoiqmna.
teritoria zRvis donidan 550-dan 850 m-mde simaRleze mdebareobs. kargad aris
gamokveTili akumulaciuri warmonaqmnebi (saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 1984w).
zonas miekuTvneba. regionis seismuroba “rvianiT” 8 fasdeba MKS Skalis
mixedviT (saqarTvelos seismuri safrTxis Sefasebis ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: es regioni niadagebis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. dablobSi
aluviuri niadagia gavrcelebuli stepis msgavsi mcenareuli safariT. Zvel
terasebze Savi (Savmiwa) niadagi gvxvdeba (saqarTvelos niadagebis ruka, 2000w).
5.1.3 kabali
geologia: sofeli kabali aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kaxeTis raionSi
mdebareobs. raionis CrdiloeTi nawili kaxeTis kavkasionis samxreT kalTaze
mdebareobs, xolo samxreTiT mdinare alazani Camoedineba (saqarTvelos
atlasi, 1964w).
alaznis veli sxvadasxva warmoSobis da saxeobis aluviuri danaleqisgan
Sedgeba, romelic axalgazrda kontinenturi sinklinuri naoWis zedapirze
mogrovda. Sua pliocenis periodis dasasruls, kavkasionis qedis mTiani
reliefi ZiriTadad dabali mTebiT da borcvebiT iyo warmodgenili im
adgilebSi, sadac amJamad alaznis velia. zeda pliocenis periodSi reliefma
teqtonikuri zemoqmedebis Sedegad daiwia da es procesi dResac grZeldeba. am
dawevis gamo, mTian-borcvianma reliefma erozia ganicada; Zirma daiwia da
danaleqebis sqeli feniT daifara.
zonaSi mdebareobs. am regionis seismuroba MKS Skalaze “cxrianiT” 9 fasdeba
(saqarTvelos seismuri riskebis SefasebiTi ruka, 2006w). Zlieri wvimebis an
Tovlis intensiuri dnobis Sedegad, SesaZlebelia moxdes uecari wyaldidoba
(wyalmovardna), gansakuTrebiT mdinare kabalze zafxul/Semodgomaze
(monitoringis da prognozebis departamenti, 2005w).
niadagebi: kaxeTis raionSi sxvadasxva tipis niadagi gvxvdeba, rac fizikuri,
geografiuli da klimaturi pirobebis mravalferovnebiT aris gamowveuli.
mdinare alaznis marcxena sanapiroze umetesad qviSiani, aluviuri da
arakarbonatuli niadagia. pirveli zeda terasis qveda zolSi, mdinare alaznis
velTan, ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mdelos, aluviuri da karbonatuli
niadagebi, romlebic zog adgilebSi Waobiania. tye-mdelos, aluviuri da
arakarbonatuli niadagi dominirebs marcxena sanapiros did farTobze. mTis
zolisken, es niadagebi TandaTanobiT yomral niadagSi gadadis (niadagTa
tipebis ruka, 1999w)
5.1.4 kalauri
geologia: gurjaanis raionis sofeli kalauri mdebareobs aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi, kaxeTSi. raionis Crdilo-dasavleTi nawili alaznis velze
mdebareobs, xolo teritoriis centraluri nawili gomboris qedis Crdilo
aRmosavleT kalTazea ganlagebuli. landSafti umetesad qviSaqvisgan da
Tixisgan Sedgeba da neogenis da paleogenis xaniT TariRdeba. alaznis veli
sxvadasxva warmoSobis da saxeobis aluviuri danaleqisgan Sedgeba, romelic
axalgazrda kontinenturi sinklinuri naoWis zedapirze mogrovda.
Sua pliocenis periodis dasasruls, kavkasionis qedis mTiani reliefi
ZiriTadad dabali mTebiT da borcvebiT iyo warmodgenili im adgilebSi, sadac
amJamad alaznis velia. gviani pliocenis periodSi reliefma teqtonikuri
zemoqmedebis Sedegad daiwia da es procesi dResac grZeldeba. (saqarTvelos
atlasi, 1964w)
50
zonad iTvleba. regionis seismuroba MKS Skalaze “cxrianiT” (9) aris
Sefasebuli (saqarTvelos seismuri safrTxis Sefasebis ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: alaznis velisTvis damaxasiaTebelia aluviur karbonatuli niadagi,
xolo gomboris qedis ferdobze ZiriTadad mTis yomrali niadagi gvxvdeba
(niadagTa tipebis ruka, 1999w).
5.1.5 kaxareTi
geologia: adigenis raionis sofeli kaxareTi samcxe-javaxeTSi mdebareobs.
sofeli ganlagebulia mdinare xvablianze (mdinare mtkvris Senakadi).
javaxeTis zegans CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba TrialeTis qedi, aRmosavleTiT –
abdul-samsaris da javaxeTis qedebi da samxreTiT – hek-dagis qedi. zegani
dasavleTiT wydeba Rrma xeobasTan, romelic mdinare mtkvris Sedegad
Camoyalibda (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w).
regionSi arsebuli lavis sqeli fenebi imaze miuTiTebs, rom javaxeTis zegani
warmoiSva vulkanuri moqmedebis Sedegad, romelsac sxvadasxva geologiuri
periodebis dros hqonda adgili. yvelaze mniSvnelovani vulkanuri centrebi
napralebis gaswvriv mdebareobs, rac gansazRvravs abul-samsaris, javaxeTis da
hek-dagis qedebis mimarTulebas (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w).
vulkanuri aqtivoba zeda oligocenis-eocenis dros daiwyo da yvelaze
intensiuri meoTxeul periodSi gaxda. neo-vulkanuri qmedebebis uZvelesi lava
kvarc-traqtulia, Semdeg moyveba traqi-andezituri da dacituri lavebi.
yvelaze bolos Txevadi bazaltis amofrqveva moxda. mTaTa warmoqmnis procesi
paleocenis periodSi daiwyo da seismuri qmedebebis formiT dRemde grZeldeba
(saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w.).
zonad xasiaTdeba. regionis seismuroba MKS Skalaze “rvianiT” (8) fasdeba
(saqarTvelos seismuri riskebis SefasebiTi ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: niadagTa tipebi gansxvavdeba simaRlis, ferdobis xarisxisa da
konkretuli mdebareobis mixedviT. raionis qveda nawilebSi mTis Savi da
karbonatuli niadagebi sWarbobs, xolo zegnis zeda nawilebSi Tixiani Savmiwa
da mTa mdelos nadagebi gvxvdeba. cicabo ferdobebi niadagis Txeli fenebiT
aris dafaruli. baris mdinareebSi da tbebis axlos naxevrad Waobiani niadagia
(saqarTvelos niadagTa tipebis ruka, 2000w).
5.1.6. xidisTavi
geologia: sofeli xidisTavi dasavleT saqarTveloSi, guriaSi mdebareobs.
raionis mTavari orografiuli segmentia mesxeTis qedi da misi ganStoebebi:
vanis, zotis, loborotes da guriis (nigoeTis) ganStoebebi. raionis mTiani
nawili andezitebisgan aris agebuli Sua eocenis periodSi, xolo bari da mTagoriani nawilebi eocenis-miocenis periodSi Tixiani fiqalebisgan aris
agebuli (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w).
zonaSi mdebareobs. regionis seismuroba MKS Skalaze “rvianiT” (8) aris
Sefasebuli (saqarTvelos seismuri riskebis SefasebiTi ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: mdinare sufsis xeobaSi aluviuri niadagebia gavrcelebuli, xolo
mTa-gorian adgilebSi yviTelmiwa da wiTelmiwa niadagebi sWarbobs. dabali da
saSualo maRlob zonebSi yomrali niadagebia gavrcelebuli, xolo zeda
maRlobebi yomrali eweri niadagebiT aris dafaruli (saqarTvelos niadagTa
tipebis ruka, 1999w).
51
5.1.7 lopota (nafareuli)
geologia: sofeli nafareuli ganlagebulia mdinare lopotasTan, romelic
mdinare alaznis Senakads warmoadgens. sofeli Telavis raions ekuTvnis da
mdebareobs aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kaxeTSi. geologiuri TvalsazrisiT,
landSafti umetesad mezozouri da mesameul periodSi Camoyalibda. iuruli
qanebi qviSaqviT da TixiT aris warmodgenili. rac Seexeba centralur
kavkasions, mTaTa simaRle 2000 metridan 3000 metramde aRwevs da ar gvxvdeba
myinvarebi. adgilobrivi reliefis formireba uZvelesi myinvarebis Sedegad
moxda. umetesad gamofituli landSafti sWarbobs. damaxasiaTebelia
dabalganviTarebuli mTiswineTis zona (saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 1964).
kavkasionis mTebi Telavis raionis Crdilo aRmosavleTiT gvxvdeba da simaRle
2 870 metridan 3 293 metramde meryeobs. samxreT-dasavleTiT gomboris mTebia
ganlagebuli, romelTa simaRle 1 522 metridan 1 903 metramde meryeobs.
teritoriis centralur nawilSi mdinare alaznis xeobaa ganlagebuli, romlis
simaRle 350–dan 600 metramdea (saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 1964)
zonad iTvleba. regionis seismuroba MKS Skalaze “cxrianiT” (9) aris
Sefasebuli (saqarTvelos seismuri riskebis SefasebiTi ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: kaxeTis raionSi sxvadasxva tipis niadagia gavrcelebuli, rac
fizikur-geografiuli da klimaturi pirobebis mravalferovnebiT aris
ganpirobebuli. mdinare alaznis marcxena sanapiroze qviSiani, aluviuri da
arakarbonatuli niadagebi gvxvdeba. pirveli zeda terasis qveda zolSi,
mdinare alaznis velTan, ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mdelos Waobiani,
aluviuri da karbonatuli niadagebi. tye-mdelos, aluviuri da arakarbonatuli
niadagi dominirebs marcxena sanapiros did farTobze. mTis zolisken, es
niadagebi TandaTanobiT yomral niadagSi gadadis (niadagTa tipebis ruka,
2000w).
5.1.8 maWaxela (qed-qedi)
geologia: sofeli qed-qedi ganlagebulia mdinare maWaxelaswyalze (mdinare
Woroxis auzSi), romelic mdebareobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aWaraSi. am
raions esazRvreba Savi zRva (dasavleTiT), guriis raioni (CrdioeTiT), samcxejavaxeTi (aRmosavleTiT) da TurqeTi (samxreTiT). olqis mTavar orografiul
segments warmoadgens mesxeTis, seSeis da arsianis qedi (saSualo simaRle
zRvis donidan 2 000-dan 2 500 metramde meryeobs). qobuleTi-Caqvis qedi aWaras
or ZiriTad nawilad yofs - sanapiro zolad da mTian zolad. geologiuri
TvalsazrisiT, regioni agebulia Sua da zeda eocenuri (saqarTvelos atlasi,
1964w) vulkanuri fenebiT.
geologiuri safrTxe: seismologiis mxriv, Sesaswavli teritoria MKS Skalaze
“SvidianiT” (7) aris Sefasebuli (saqarTvelos seismuri riskebi Sefasebis
ruqa, 2006w). Zlieri anTropogenuri gavlenis gamo (tyis Wra) regionSi mewyeris
da talaxis niaRvrebis mzardi tendencia arsebobs. mewyers umetesad adgili
aqvs regionis saSualo mTian zonaSi (monitoringisa da prognozebis
departamenti, 2005w).
niadagebi: regionSi niadagebi gansxvavdeba zRvis donidan simaRlis da
specifikuri adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. viwro sanapiro dafarulia qviSiani
da qviSian-aluviuri niadagiT. regionis zogierT nawilSi gvxvdeba Waobis da
mdelos aluviuri Waobis niadagebi. zeda mTian nawilSi wiTelmiwa niadagebi
dominirebs (saqarTvelos niadagebis tipebis ruka, 1999w ).
52
5.1.9 fSaveli
geologia: sofeli fSaveli mdebareobs kaxeTis regionSi, mdinare sToris
axlos (mdinare alaznis Senakadi). sofeli ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500
metrze (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w).
geologiuri TvalsazrisiT, landSaftis formireba metwilad mezozour da
mesameul periodSi Camoyalibda. iuruli fenebi qviSiT da TixiT aris
warmodgenili. am raionSi gorebi mcire zomisaa, zRvis donidan saSualod 500
metrzea da ar gvxvdeba myinvarebi. uZvelesi myinvarebiT formirebuli miviReT
adgilobrivi reliefi Zlier Camorecxili landSaftiT. tipiuri maxasiaTebeli
aris dabalganviTarebuli mTiswineTis zona (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964w).
geologiuri safrTxe: seismuri TvalsazrisiT, teritoria aqtiurad miiCneva.
regionis seismuroba MKS Skalaze “cxrianiT” (9) aris Sefasebuli
(saqarTvelos seismuri safrTxis Sefasebis ruka, 2006w).
niadagebi: niadagis safari gansxvavebulia da mdinare alaznis marcxena
sanapiros uzarmazar farTobze dominirebs tye-mdelos, aluviuri da arakarbonatuli niadagebi. TandaTanobiT niadagi icvleba da mTiswineTis zolSi
yomral niadagSi gadadis (saqarTvelos niadagis tipebis ruka, 2000w).
5.1.10 sarTiWala
sofeli sarTiWala gardabnis raions ekuTvnis da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,
qvemo qarTlis regionSi mdebareobs. gardabnis raions CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba
lalnos qedi, xolo dasavleTiT – TrialeTis qedi. samgoris zegani ialnos
qedis samxreTiT mdebareobs. zeganis formireba Tixnari fiqali niadagisgan
gviani paleocenis da adreuli miocenis periodebSi moxda (qarTuli
enciklopedia, 1984w).
geologiuri safrTxe: seismologiuri TvalsazrisiT, teritoria aqtiur
seismur zonaSi mdebareobs. MKS Skalaze es regioni miCneulia “rvianiT” (8)
aris Sefasebuli (saqarTvelos seismuri safrTxis Sefasebis ruqa, 2006w).
niadagebi: am raionisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Savi niadagi (Savmiwa). maRlob
adgilebSi gvxvdeba tyis yavisferi muqi da mdelos yavisferi muqi niadagebi
(niadagTa tipebis ruka, 1999w).
5.2 wylis resursebi
am TavSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia saqarTvelos wylis resursebze da moicavs
mTavar sakiTxebs, rogoricaa meteorologia da klimati; xazgasmulia
klimatur pirobebis kontrastuloba aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos
Soris. hidrologiaSi xazgasmulia qveynis ori mTavari mdinaris auzi da
zedapiruli da niadagqveSa wylebis gamosadegoba; da wylis xarisxi, sadac
xazgasmulia is ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa arsebuli dabinZureba da misi
gavlena mdinareebze da Sav zRvaze.
Tumca, saqarTvelos wylis resursebTan dakavSirebuli arsebuli informacia
da monacemebi, konkretulad ki programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufis
mier Sefasebuli adgilebis da mimdebare teritoriis Sesaxeb sakmaod mwiria.
amis mizezi ki ZiriTadad finansebis naklebobaa. qveynis zedapiruli wylebis
raodenobisa da xarisxis Sesaxeb informacia sakmaod SezRudulia, xolo
niadagqveSa wylebis resursebis Sesaxeb monacemebi praqtikulad ar arsebobs.
ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, bolo wlebSi hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo
departamentis mier moxda monacemTa Segroveba dabinZurebis aTamde
standartuli maCveneblis Sesaxeb monitoringis 42-mde adgilSi. am monacemebis
Segroveba xSirad ar xdeba da arc maincdamainc zustia.
53
aseT situaciaSi, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gadawyvita,
yuradReba SeeCerebina erovnuli da regionuli wylis resursebis analizze
da am analizSi SeZlebisdagvarad gamoeyenebina arsebuli adgilobrivi
informacia da monacemebi.
5.2.1 meteorologia da klimati
meteorologia atmosferul mecnierebaTa qve-dargia, romelic
koncentrirebulia amindis procesebze da prognozze. meteorologiuri
fenomeni advilad SesamCnevi amindis movlenaa, romlis axsna SesaZlebelia
meteorologiuri mecnierebiT.
erT-erTi aseTi movlenaa naleqebi. naleqebi aris atmosferuli wylis
aorTqlebiT warmoqmnili nebismieri produqti, romelic ileqeba dedamiwis
zedapirze. hidrologiuri ciklis es mTavari komponenti planetaze wylis
deponirebas uzrunvelyofs da erTaderTi bunebrivi produqtia nebismier
zedapiruli wylebis sistemaSi.
amdenad, meteorologiur da klimatur movlenebs mniSvnelovani zegavlena aqvs
wylis resursebze adgilobriv, regionul da erovnul doneze.
saqarTvelos klimati uaRresad mravalferovania da moicavs ramdenime
klimatur zonas notio subtropikulidan dawyebuli mudmivi TovliT da
myinvarebiT damTavrebuli. saqarTvelo SedarebiT dabal ganedze mdebareobs
da Rrublianoba zomieria, mzis naTebis saSualo wliuri xangrZlivoba 1,350dan 2,500 saaTamde meryeobs, xolo mzis radiaciis xarisxi zRvis donesa da 500
metr maRlobs Soris sul daaxloebiT 115-dan 150 kkal/sm2-s Seadgens.
saqarTvelos klimatis mravalferovnebas ori ZiriTadi faqtori ganapirobebs
FAO, UNEP / GRID-Arendal):
1) saqarTvelos mdebareoba. saqarTvelo subtropikuli zonis CrdiloeT
sazRvarze mdebareobs, kaspiis zRvasa da Sav zRvas Soris. Savi zRva
zomiers xdis temperaturas dasavleT saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT
sanapiro zolSi da iwvevs Zlier naleqs.
2) kavkasionis qedi: kavkasionis mTebi qveyanas CdiloeTidan civi haeris masebis
Semosvlisgan icavs. mcire kavkasioni nawilobriv icavs qveyanas samxreTidan
mSrali haeris masebis Semosvlisgan. Savi zRvis da kavkasionis didi da
mcire mTebis gavlenis garda, lixis qedi (suramis qedi) CrdiloeTiT
uerTdeba did kavkasionis, xolo samxreTiT patara kavkasions da qveyanas
aRmosavleT da dasavleT nawilebad yofs.
maxasiaTeblebis am unikaluri jgufis mixedviT, saqarTvelo or kontrastul
klimatur zonad – aRmosavleT saqarTvelod da dasavleT saqarTvelod iyofa
(FAO).
dasavleT saqarTveloSi notio subtropikuli klimatia da masze did gavlenas
axdens Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli. naleqebis saSualo raodenoba weliwadSi 1,
1000-dan 2000 mm-mde meryeobs da xSirad 2000 mm-s aRemateba sanapiro zolSi.
naleqebi wlis ganmavlobaSi Tanabrad nawildeba, gansakuTrebiT wvimiania
Semodgomis Tveebi. regionis zRvis donidan simaRlis mixedviT sagrZnoblad
gansxvavebuli klimatia; Tu dasavleT saqarTvelos umetes dablob adgilebSi
wlis ganmavlobaSi SedarebiT Tbila, am dros didi da mcire kavkasionis
mTiswineTSi da mTian adgilebSi grili da notio zafxuli da Tovliani
zamTari icis. /am regionSi Sua zamTris saSualo temperatura 50C-s Seadgens,
xolo zafxulis saSualo temperatura 220C-ia (UNEP / GRID-Arendal, FAO).
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos lixis da mesxeTis qedebi Savi zRvis sanapiro zonis
gavlenisgan icavs; aq gardamavali klimatia, notio subtropikulidan
54
kontinenturSi.Mam regionis amindze zegavlenas axdens aRmosavleTidan
Semomavali centraluri aziis/kaspiis mSrali haeris masebi da dasavleTidan
Semomavali Savi zRvis haeris masebi. naleqebis saSualo raodenoba dasavleT
saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT gacilebiT naklebia da weliwadSi 500 dan 800 mmmde meryeobs; wvima (setyva) umetesad gazafxulze da Semodgomaze modis.
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos did nawilSi zafxuli cxelia (gansakuTrebiT
dablob adgilebSi) da zamTari SedarebiT civia; regionebSi, romlebic zRvis
donidan 2 000 metrze mdebareobs, xSirad zafxulis TveebSic ki yinvaa. am
regionSi Sua zamTarSi saSualo temperatura 3° C- ia, xolo Sua zafxulSi
saSualo temperatura 23° C –s aRwevs (UNEP / GRID-Arendal, FAO).
alpur da maRalmTian regionebs aRmosavleTiT da dasavleTiT, aseve naxevrad
aridul regions loris zeganze, samxreT aRmosavleTiT, metad Taviseburi
sakuTari mikroklimati gaaCnia. alpuri pirobebi daaxloebiT 2100 metridan
iwyeba da 3600 metris zeviT mTeli wlis manZilze mTebi TovliT da yinuliT
aris dafaruli.
5-1 cxrilSi mocemulia programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufis mier
Segrovebuli monacemebi naleqebis Sesaxeb, romelic saqarTvelos yvela
regions da ZiriTad klimatur garemos moicavs, sadac “energetikis ganviTareba
soflad” programis farglebSi mcire hesebis da bunebrivi airis ganawilebis
sistemebis proeqtebi unda ganxorcieldes. Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom
adgilobrivi inJinrebi da sainJinro firmebi farTod iyeneben am monacemebs,
masSi mocemulia naleqebis done sabWoTa periodSi, vinaidan amJamad naleqebis
Sesaxeb monacemebi qveyanaSi mimofantuli mxolod ramdenime sadguriT
Semoifargleba, romlis monitoringi arc Tu ise xSirad xorcieldeba.
55
cxrili 5-1. mcire hesis punqtis saSualo Tviuri da wliuri naleqis
monacemebi (mm)
mcire hesebis
met..sadguri
proeqtebi
Tve
weli
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII VIII IX
X
XI
XII
abhesi
dimi
26
24
23
23
24
29
29
33
32
31
31
27
332
Zama
gori
9
9
11
14
19
17
15
15
16
15
15
11
166
kabali
yvareli
13
15
22
27
36
39
27
30
41
31
22
14
317
kaxareTi
axalcixe
8
8
10
13
16
20
17
16
13
14
12
11
158
lopota
Telavi
9
11
15
21
33
40
29
25
24
22
17
14
260
maWaxela
baTumi
46
39
34
28
31
52
59
75
88
76
65
59
652
fSaveli
Telavi
9
11
15
21
33
40
29
25
24
22
17
14
260
bunebrivi
gazi
Tve
met.sadguri
weli
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII VIII IX
X
XI
XII
sarTiWala
gombori
10
11
18
30
37
40
22
26
37
21
14
12
298
kalauri
gurjaani
12
14
20
28
34
36
28
31
39
28
19
11
300
xidisTavi
Coxatauri
40
31
28
21
23
46
48
54
69
56
43
47
486
wyaro: naSromi klimaturi pirobebisa da atmosferuli naleqebis Sesaxeb, 1975
5.2.2 hidrologia
hidrologia aris swavleba wylis moZraobis, ganawilebis da xarisxis Sesaxeb
da aqedan gamomdinare, Seexeba rogorc hidrologiur cikls ise wylis
resursebs. hidrologiis sferoSi Sedis hidrometeorologia, zedapiruli
hidrologia, hidrogeologia, wyalsakrebi farTobis menejmenti da wylis
xarisxi, sadac wyals mTavari roli akisria. meteorologia da hidrologia
hidrometeorologiis swavlebis sagans warmoadgens.
saqarTveloSi didi raodenibiT wylis resursi arsebobs (~0.9 m3/km2), rac 2,5jer metia msoflios saSualo maCvenebelze da daaxloebiT oTxjer meti erT
sul mosaxleze (>12,000 m3/capita) vidre somxeTSi da azerbaijanSi (UNEP/GRID).
miuxedavad imisa, rom qveyanaSi uxvad aris wyali, resursebis ganawileba
sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba, rac ganpirobebulia naleqebis gavrcelebiT qveynis
notio dasavleTidan naxevrad aridul aRmosavleTamde. dasavleT
saqarTveloze qveyanaSi arsebuli wylis resursebis 75%-ze meti modis, maSin
rodesac samrewvelo saSualebebis (~60%), sarwyavi miwebis (~85%) da
mosaxlobis (~60%) umravlesoba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSia, rac araefeqtur
da araekonomiur wylis menejments iwvevs.
mdinareTa auzebi: saqarTvelos mdinareTa qseli klimaturi da topografiuli
pirobebis anareklia da naTlad asaxavs araTanabar ganawilebas aRmosavleT da
56
dasavleT auzebs Soris. saqarTveloSi 26 000-ze meti mdinarea, romelTa
daaxloebiT 70% dasavleT saqarTveloSi Camoedineba, xolo danarCeni
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. mdinareebis umravlesoba (99%) moklea (25 km-ze
naklebi), 140-mde mdinaris sigrZe 25–dan 500 km-s aRwevs. yvelaze didi
mdinareebia rioni, mtkvari, Woroxi, enguri, kodori da alazani (FAO, UNECE,
UNEP / GRID-Arendal).
saqarTveloSi ori ZiriTadi sadrenaJo auzia, romelic gamoyofilia lixis
qediT: dasavleTis auzi, romelic Sav zRvaSi Cadis da aRmosavleTis auzi,
romelic kaspiis zRvaSi Cadis.
Savi zRvis auzi, romelic bevri mdinarisgan da tbisgan Sedgeba, qveynis
dasavleT nawilSi mdebareobs da masze Zlier zegavlenas axdens dasavleT
saqarTvelos klimaturi garemo. Savi zRvis auzis mTavari mdinareebia: rioni,
enguri, kodori, sufsa da Woroxi (UNECE, FAO).
mdinare rionis auzi (sqema 5-1) saqarTvelos xmeleTis daaxloebiT 20%-s
Seadgens. mdinare rioni Savi zRvis yvelaze didi Senakadia da saqarTvelos
Savis zRvis sanapiroze erTaderT yvelaze did dabinZurebis wyarod iTvleba;
Sav zRvas igi foTTan uerTdeba (UNECE). garda amisa, saqarTvelos kolxeTis
dablobis Waobebi da paliastomis tba Savi zRvis regionis erT-erTi yvelaze
vrcel notio teritorias moicavs da mdinare rionisTvis bunebrivi filtris
movaleobas asrulebs (UNEP / GRID-Arendal).
suraTi 5-2. dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdinare rionis auzi
wyaro: “garemosdacviTi satatusi - saqarTvelo” – UNEP / GRID
kaspiis zRvis auzi qveynis aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebareobs da regionis mSral
klimats asaxavs. kaspiis zRvis auzis mTavari mdinareebia mdinare mtkvari da
misi Senakadebi – Tergi, andiskoie, alazani da lori.
mdinare kuras (cnobilia rogorc mdinare mtkvari) auzi (sqema 5-3) aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi yvelaze mniSvnelovania da yvelaze didi mdinarea kavkasiaSi,
romelic saqarTvelos xmeleTis 23%-s faravs; aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
TiTqmis yvela mdinare mtkvris sistemaSi Sedis da kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba
(UNECE). mtkvari saTaves iRebs TurqeTSi da bevri Senakadebi aqvs somxeTSi;
sxva mniSvnelovani mdinareebi, rogoricaa CrdiloeTiT mdebare lori da
alazani, mdinare mtkvris dinebas azerbaijanSi uerTdeba; es ki sazRvris
sxvadasxva mxares mdebare mniSvnelovan wylis resurss qmnis saqarTvelosTvis
da mezobeli qveynebisTvis. mtkvris sigrZe daaxloebiT 1 515 km-ia,[; maT Soris
390 km saqarTveloze modis.
57
suraTi 5-3. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdinare mtkvar-araqsis auzi
wyaro: USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo – regionuli wylebis proeqti samxreT kavkasiaSi.
momzadebulia GIS & RS samecnieri saswavlo centris mier.
cxrili 5-2. mcire hesebis saSualo mdinaris Camonadeni (m3/s)
saxeobebi
da niadagis
mcire hesi
(m3/s)
saSualo
Tviuri
maqsimumi
Camonadeni
(m3/s)
abhesi
8.2
8.8.
4.3.
qviani
Zama
3.2
9.4
1.4
qviSiani
kabali
2.5
6.0
0.9
qviani
kaxareTi
kaxareTi
5.0
10.0
3.0
qviani
lopota
lopota
4.0
8.2
1.9
qviani
maWaxelis wyali
maCaxela
15.0
35.0
9.0
qviani
sToris
sairigacio
sistema
fSaveli
8.1
12.0
2.9
qviSiani
saSualo
mdinaris
Camonadeni
mdinare
abaSa
Zama
kabali
saSualo
Tviuri
minimaluri
Camonadeni
(m3/s)
Mmdinaris
kalapotis
niadagi
wyaro: mcire hesis teqnikuri dokumentacia damowmebuli da ganaxlebuli saqarTvelos wylis
proeqtis mier.
58
tbebi da rezervuarebi: saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 860 tba da TiTqmis 700
myinvaria, romlis saerTo farTobi, Sesabamisad, 170 km2 (mTliani xmeleTis
0,24%) da 500km2-ze mets (mTliani xmeleTis 0,7%) udris. tbebis umetesoba
Zalian pataraa da maTi 74% xuT mTavar tbaze nawildeba, esenia: paliastomi,
saRamo, faravani, riwa da tabawyuri; faravnis tbas yvelaze didi zedapiruli
farTobi ukavia, tabawyuris tba yvelaze didia moculobiT, xolo riwa
yvelaze Rrmaa. tbebs gansxvavebuli warmoSoba aqvT: arsebobs teqtonikuri,
myinvaruli (yvelaze bevri), mdinareuli, sanapiro zolis, karstuli,
sufoziuli, dagubebuli, mewyruli da anTropogenuli warmoSobis tbebi.
mdinare kuras/mtkvris auzis yvelaze didi tbebia faravani, saRamo, tabawyuri
da jandari (FAO, UNECE).
cxrili 5-3. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi tbebi
tba
faravani
sagamo
wylis
Aauzis
Maqmsimaluri
zedapiri (km2) parTobi (km2) siRrme (m)
37.5
234.0
Mminimaluri
siRrme (m)
momarageba
(106 m3)
3.3
2.42
90.8
4.81
528.0
2.3
1.6
7.7
tabawyuri
14.2
83.1
40.2
15.5
221.0
jandara*
12.5 (6 km2
saqarTveloS
i)
330
7
4.8
50.0
paliastomi
18.2
547
3.2
2.6
52
riwa
1.5
67
116
ar
Seesabameba
ar
Seesabameba
* saerTaSoriso tba (azerbaijani-saqarTvelo)
wyaro: “ekologia da wyalTa urTierToba saqarTveloSi”, mecniereba, 1992, “dokumenti –
miTiTeba sazRvarze mdebare da saerTaSoriso tbebze” fineTis garemosdacviTi
instituti, 2001
qveyanaSi 43 rezervuaria, romlebic ZiriTadad irigaciisa da wylis energiis
generaciisTvis gamoiyeneba; hidroeleqtroenergiis yvelaze didi kaSxalia
enguris kaSxali, xolo yvelaze didi sairigacio rezervuari mdinare lorzea
ganlagebuli, esenia: sionis rezervuari (325 milioni m3) da Tbilisis
rezervuari (308 milioni m3). miuxedavad imisa, rom 35 rezervuari (~80%)
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSia ganTavsebuli, xolo danarCeni rva (~20%) dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, sul rezervuarebis xarjis mxolod 60% modis aRmosavleT
saqarTveloze (UNECE).
gruntis wylebi: saqarTveloSi didi raodenobiT gruntis wylis resursebi
arsebobs, romlebic, mdinareebisa da klimatis msgavsad, araTanabrad
vrceldeba da matulobs aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken. gruntis wylebi
saqarTvelos mTeli wylis resursebis 33%-s Seadgens da umetesad dasalevi
wylis daniSnuleba gaaCnia, Tumca sasoflo-sameurneo miznebisTvisac
gamoiyeneba.
sxva saxis wylis resursebTan SedarebiT, gruntis wylebis Sesaxeb monacemebi
mwiri da SezRudulia, vinaidan misi, rogorc resursis ganviTareba sabWoTa
periodSi ar momxdara. sabWoTa periodSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo
59
zedapiruli wylebis infrastruqturis ganviTarebaze. sul gruntis wylis
resursebi daaxloebiT 560m3/s-s aRwevs, romlis mxolod ~ 100m3/s gamoiyeneba
(GRID-Arendal); am resursebis 61% dasavleT saqarTveloSia, xolo 39%
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdebareobs. aRniSnuli resursebis umetesoba
forovan, napralovan karstul da napralovan lavur qanebSi moipoveba.
5.2.3 wylis xarisxi
saqarTvelos zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis Sesaxeb sakmaod mcire
informacia arsebobs. saqarTvelos hidrometeorologiis saxelmwifo
departaments gaaCnia monacemebi dabinZurebis aTamde standartuli maCveneblis
Sesaxeb, romelic monitoringis 42-mde adgilSi Segrovdeba (UNECE). miuxedavad
imisa, rom maT angariSebSi yovelwliuri saSualo monacemebia warmodgenili,
gazomvebi xSirad ar xdeba (ramdenime gazomva sxvadasxva wlebSi) da SeiZleba
zusti ar iyos nimuSebis Segrovebisa da analizis xarisxis kontrolidan
gamomdinare.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis dros Semowmebul arcerT adgilSi
wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb konkretuli monacemebi ar arsebobs. ufro metic,
rogorc sCans, “soflad energetikis ganviTarebis” programiT
gaTvaliswinebuli mcire hesebisa da bunebrivi airis sistemebis arcerT
potenciur obieqtze ar arsebobs monacemebi wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb; “soflad
energetikis ganviTarebis” programis jgufma TiToeul konkretul magaliTze
unda gansazRvros wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb monacemebis arseboba.
da mainc, bolo xanebSi saqarTveloSi ramdenime proeqti ganxorcielda,
romlis farglebSi saqarTvelos wylis resursebsa da wylis xarisxTan
dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi Catarda, romelic orientirebuli iyo mtkvararaqsis mdinaris ZiriTad nakadze da mis auzze; praqtikulad, ar arsebobs
informacia dasavleT saqarTvelos an nebismier adgilas mtkvar-araqsis auzis
gareT wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb. es proeqtebia:
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelos mier ganxorcielebuli samxreT kavkasiaSi wylis
menejmentis proeqti. am proeqtis farglebSi moxda saqarTvelos xuTi
hidrometriuli sadguris reabilitacia, sadac amJamad regularulad xdeba
monacemebis dafiqsireba wylis donisa da dinebis Sesaxeb; xolo TbilisSi
arsebuli sadguri axorcielebs wylis xarisxis monitorings. DAI-m Tbilisis
hidromet sadgurs gadasca wylis xarisxis kontrolisaTvis saWiro
mowyobilobis erTi kompleqti da Caatara treningi procedurebsa da xarisxis
kontrolze.
euTo/nato-s proeqti. am proeqtis farglebSi TveSi erTxel wylis kontroli
xorcieldeba monitoringis 10-12 sadgurSi, romlebic mdebareobs mdinare
mtkvarze, alazanze, xramze da debedze, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos transsazRvrul teritoriaze. proeqtis farglebSi mowmdeba mtkvar-araqsis auzSi
mZime liTonebis, poliqlorinuli bifenilebis, pesticidebis da
poliaromatuli naerTebis koncentracia.
UNDP/ Sida-s proeqti. am proeqtiT, monitoringis 16-18 sadgurSi xorcieldeba
mtkvar-araqsis mdinaris auzSi wylis xarisxis analizi da monitoringi.
proeqtis farglebSi mowmdeboda wylis moxmareba, konkretuli gamtaroba,
wyalSi gaxsnili myari sxeulebis raodenoba, marilebi, pH, temperatura,
gaxsnili Jangbadi da Jangva-aRdgenis potenciali; xorcieldeboda wylis
xarisxis parametrebis qimiuri analizi (HCO3, CL-, CO3-, SO4-, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, N,
P, Ni, Co, Ag, Cu, Mo, Zn, Pb, da Mn.)
60
rTulia daskvnis gakeTeba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT
ramdenad sasargebloa an mavnebelia saqarTvelos wylis resursebi. Tumca,
wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb arsebul SezRudul informaciasa da monacemebze
dayrdnobiT, romelic zemoT xsenebuli proeqtebis Sedegad Segrovda,
saqarTveloSi wylis xarisxis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT naTeli xdeba
Semdegi(UNECE, UNEP / GRID):
•
amJamad, wylis xarisxTan dakavSirebuli problemebi mdinaresTan axlos
ganlagebuli qalaqebis da samrewvelo sawarmoebis mier moxmarebuli
wylebis daRvriT aris gamowveuli, aseve sasoflo sameurneo CadinebiT.
samrewvelo obieqtebTan axlos (10-15km) mZime liTonebis koncentrireba
xdeba, rac zegavlenas axdens rogorc mdinaris mTavar fuZeze, ise mis
Senakadebzec;
•
mdinare rionis da mdinare mtkvris zedapiruli wylis xarisxi albaT
aRemateba saqarTveloSi dadgenil normebs (da Sesadarebel saerTaSoriso
normebs);
•
qalaqebi – borjomi, gori, Tbilisi da rusTavi, mdinare mtkvris
dabinZurebaSi mTavar rols TamaSobs;
•
misaxedia mdinare mtkvris Senakadebi, maT Soris mdinare vere TbilisSi,
mdinare alazani, romelic Telavidan moedineba, mdinare maSavera, romelic
marneulidan moedineba da mdinare suramula, romelic moedineba xaSuridan;
•
qalaqi quTaisi da qalaqi foTi aseve did rols asruleben mdinare rionis
dabinZurebaSi;
•
gruntis wylebis sakmaod kargi xarisxiT xasiaTdeba, Tumca ar arsebobs
amis damasabuTebeli monacemebi. ar arsebobs monacemebi gruntis wylebis
SesaZlo mowamvlis Sesaxeb, rac komunaluri, sasoflo-sameurneo Tu
samrewvelo moxmarebis Sedegad dabinZurebuli wylis SeRweviT SeiZleba
moxdes; da
•
gadaumuSavebeli an cudad gadamuSavebuli moxmarebuli wylis daRvra da
sasoflo sameurneo Cadineba yvelaze metad uwyobs xels zedapiruli
wylebis dabinZurebas da wylis masis wyalmcenareebiT dabinZurebas.
SesaZlo dabinZurebis “cxeli wertilebia”: 1) mdinare xvabliani da misi
Senakadi, mdinare ocxe, romelic sofeli abasTumnidan moedineba; 2) mdinare
mtkvari da misi Senakadi, mdinare borjomula da mdinare gujareTiswyali
borjomis raionSi; 3) mdinare mtkvari da misi Senakadi, mdinare qsani mcxeTis
raionSi; da 4) mdinare veres Tbilisis monakveTi (UNECE); rac mocemulia
cifrSi 5-4.
61
suraTi 5-4. saqarTvelos mdinareebis dabinZurebis doneebi
wyaro: “garemosdacviTi statusi _ saqarTvelo” – Georgia” – UNEP / GRID
moxmarebuli wylis menejmenti: saqarTveloSi 29 municipaluri moxmarebuli
wylis gadamamuSavebeli sadguri arsebobs, romelTagan mxolod xuTi sadguri
funqcionirebs da sakmaod araefeqturad (ix. cxrili 5-4). saqarTveloSi
arsebuli moxmarebuli wylis gadamamuSavebeli arcerTi obieqti biologiurad
ar muSavdeba. municipaluri moxmarebuli wylis gadamamuSavebeli sadgurebi
xSirad cudad igeboda da arasaTanado funqcionirebisa da arsebobis gamo
male ganicada degradacia. garda amisa, mosaxleobis didi nawilis mier
moxmarebuli wylis Segroveba ar xdeba, ris gamoc, igi pirdapir wylis masebs
uerTdeba. magaliTad, TbilisSi 100 koleqtoridan mxolod 43 aris
damontaJebuli da is wyali, romlis Segrovebac ar xdeba (sul dadgenili
raodenoba 10%-dan 50%-mde meryeobs), gadamuSavebis gareSe, pirdapir mdinare
mtkvarSi Caedineba (UN, UNECE).
samrewvelo wylis narCenebis damuSaveba Zalze iSviaTad xdeba. garemos dacvis
da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monacemebiT, samrewvelo wylis narCenebis
80%-90% sakanalizacio milebSi da zedapirul wylebSi Cadinebamde ar
muSavdeba (gaero).
cxrili 5-4. municipaluri wyal-gamwmendi nagebobebis mdgomareoba
qalaqi
dizainis
qspluataciis simZlavre (1000
teqnologia
dasawyisi
m3/dRe)
xlandeli mdgomareoba
Savi zRvis auzi
quTaisi
MB
1980
110
Mmxolod meqanikuri
baTumi
MB
1983
85
Mmxolod meqanikuri
qobuleTi / ozurgeTi
MB
1985
50
gamosulia mwyobridan
zugdidi
MB
1975
23.3
M
1981
23.1
foTi
62
qalaqi
dizainis
qspluataciis simZlavre (1000
teqnologia
dasawyisi
m3/dRe)
xlandeli mdgomareoba
samtredia
MB
1978
17
wyaltubo
MB
1976
13
zestafoni
MB
1976
11.5
M
1978
8.2
MB
1978
0.8
Tbilisi / rusTavi
MB
1986
1,000
Mmxolod meqanikuri
cxinvali
MB
1983
25
gori
MB
1968
18
Mmxolod meqanikuri
sagarejo
MB
1975
10.2
xaSuri
MB
1971
10
Mmxolod meqanikuri
qareli
M
1968
5.3
Telavi
MB
1975
4.5
java
MB
1982
3.5
kaspi
M
1978
2.5
bakuriani
MB
1978
2.1
dmanisi
MB
1983
1.4
abasTumani
MB
1981
1.4
TeTri wyaro
MB
1981
1
WiaTura
sairme
mdinare mtkvris auzi
MB = meqanikuri da biologiuri movla
M = mxolod meqanikuri movla
wyaro: garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, moxsenebis TariRi: evro komisiis
proeqti: SCRE/111232/C/SV/WW. garemosdacviTi politikis da NEAPs NIS-Si danergva. mikro
proeqti saqarTvelo: ekonomikuri xerxebis efeqturobis gazrda.
Savi zRva: saqarTvelos dasavleTiT esazRvreba Savi zRva, romlis sanapiro
zolis sigrZe 330 km-s Seadgens. Savi zRva rekreaciul da TevzWeris
mniSvnelovan resurss warmoadgens saqarTvelosTvis. mTavari mdinareebi,
romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedineba aris: rioni, bzifi, kodori, enguri da Woroxi.
Savi zRva binZurdeba sakvebi nivTierebebiT (mag. azotovani da fosforovani
nivTierebebi), rac Zlier eutrofikacias iwvevs. saqarTvelos mdinaris auzebi
SedarebiT patara zomisaa; amitom, maTi wili Savi zRvis organul
dabinZurebaSi gacilebiT mcirea mezobel qveynebTan SedarebiT. magaliTad,
63
1996w. saqarTvelos wili mTels regionSi bioqimiuri Jangbadis moTxovnaze 4%s Seadgenda, fosforze – 3%-s, xolo azotze – 1%-ze naklebs. aseTi mcire
wilis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos sanapiro zoli SesaZloa mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebis qveS aRmoCndes.
organuli dabinZurebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens municipaluri wylis
narCenebis gadamamuSavebeli sadgurebi da soflis meurneoba; Savi zRvis
dabinZurebaze moqmedebs, agreTve, samrewvelo saSualebebi, navTob
gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebi, tankerebidan gaJonva. saqarTvelos wylis narCenebis
damamuSavebeli ZiriTadi sadgurebi, romlis saSualebiT municipaluri
kanalizaciis wyali Savi zRvis auzSi iRvreba, savalalo mdgomareobaSia. Savi
zRvis sanapiro zolTan axlos mdebareobs: baTumis sadguri, sadac mxolod
wylis meqanikuri damuSaveba xdeba; qobuleTis da foTis sadgurebi, romlebic
saerTod ar funqcionirebs; da soxumis (afxazeTSi) sadguri, romelic aseve ar
funqcionirebs. garda amisa, moxmarebuli wylis damamuSavebeli sadgurebi
(saidanac wylis dacla xdeba Savi zRvis SenakadebSi) mdebareobs ra zRvasTan
axlos, ara marto amcirebs gaTxevadebas, aramed did rols asrulebs
Senakadebis degradirebaSi (UNECE).
64
5.3 biologiuri resursebi
saqarTvelo mdidaria biologiuri resursebiT da warmoadgens samSoblos
mcenareTa da cxovelTa mravali saxeobisaTvis. Aam Tavis pirvel nawilSi
warmodgenilia informacia saqarTvelos ZiriTad ekosistemebisa da biomTa
Sesaxeb, rasac moyveba informacia programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi (pgS)
ganxiluli proeqtebis fonuri monacemebis Sesaxeb.
5.3.1 saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi ekosistemebi da
biomebi
dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos klimaturi pirobebis mravalferovneba
gansazRvravs ekosistemebis nairgvarobasa da vertikaluri sartylurobis
struqturas. dasavleT saqarTveloSi vxvdebiT xuT ZiriTad sartyels (ix. ruka 55).
1.
tyis sartyeli (zR. d.-idan 1 900m-mde);
2. subalpuri sartyeli (1900-2500 m)
3.
alpuri sartyeli (2 500-3 000 m)
4. subnivaluri srtyeli (3 000-3 600m)
5. nivaluri sartyeli (>3 600m)
aRsaniSnavia aseve, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi ar gvxvdeba semiariduli da
ariduli mcenareulobis utyeo sartyeli. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos vertikaluri
sartyluroba SedarebiT rTulia, gamoiyofa eqvsi ZiriTadi sartyeli:
1.
naxevradudabnos, stepisa da ariduli naTeli tyeebis sartyeli (150-600 m);
2. tyis sartyeli (600-1900 m);
3.
subalpuri sartyeli (3 000-3 700 m)
4. alpuri sartyeli (2 500-3 000m)
5. subnivaluri sartyeli (3 000-37000 m)
6. nivaluri sartyeli (>3,700 m)
65
ruka 5.5. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi
biomravalferovneba: saqarTvelo mdidaria bunebrivi mravalferovnebiT.
saqarTveloSi dafiqsirebuli mcenareTa da cxovelTa 44, 000 saxeobidan 2,745
wyalmcenareTa saxeobebs miekuTvneba, 7 000-ze meti sokoebsa da liqenebs, 4 100
WurWlovan mcenareebs, xolo 14 100 saxeoba ki cxovelebs. cxovelTa
saxeobebidan 576 uxerxemloebs (maT Soris Tevzebs) miekuTvneba (ix. cxrili 5-5).
saqarTvelos flora da fauna maRali endemizmiT xasiaTdeba. mcenareTa 300
saxeoba saqarTvelos endemia 600 ki - kavkasiis. ar arsebobs zusti monacemebi
uxerxemloTa endemizmis Sesaxeb, xerxemlian cxovelTa 59 saxeoba ki endemuria
(cxrili 5-5). cnobilia frinvelTa sami endemuri saxeoba: kavkasiuri roWo
(Tetrao mlokosiewiczi), kavkasiuri SurTxi (Tetraogalus caucasiacus) da kavkasiuri
yarana (Phylloscopus lorenzii).
uxerxemloTa Soris fexsaxsrianebi yvelaze kargad Seswavlili jgufia. rigi
kvlevebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 26,355 uxerxemloTa saxeoba
unda arsebobdes (EPR, saqarTvelo, 2003). xerxemlianebidan saqarTvelo
cnobilia ZuZumwovarTa mravalferovnebiT. XX saukunis dasawyisamde
saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva saxis ZuZumwovari saxeobaa dafiqsirebuli. maT
Sorisaa focxveri (Lynx lynx), aziuri jiqi (Pantera pardus), da mgeli (Canis
lupus), romelic saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTels teritoriaze gvxvdeba. 1920
wlidan maTi raodenoba mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba. dRes jiqis mxolod erTeuli
egzemplarebia dafiqsirebuli. mniSvnelovnadaa Semcirebuli zolebiani
afTaris (Hyaena hyaena) populaciuri ricxovnoba, xolo jeirani (Gazella
subgutturosa) gadaSenebis pirasaa. ori saxeobis (Capra cylindricornis da Carpa
caucasica) jixvi kavkasiis endemia, romelTa ricxovnobac mkveTrad mcirdeba
gaxSirebuli brakonierobis gamo (saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis strategia
da moqmedebaTa gegma, 2005).
66
cxrili 5-5. florisa da faunis mravalferovneba
organizmTa tipebi
2745
Endemuria
kavkasiisaTvis,
raodenoba (%)
ucnobia
> 7000
ucnobia
liqenebi (taqsa)
987
ucnobia
WurWlovani
mcenareebi
4100
900**(21)
gvimranairebi
74
ucnobia
SiSvelTeslovnebi
17
ucnobia
farulTeslovnebi
4009
ucnobia
uxerxemloebi
13514
ucnobia
fexsaxsrianebi
11443
ucnobia
xerxemlianebi
576
ucnobia
Tevzebi
84
ucnobia
amfibiebi
13
3 (23)
reptiliebi
52
15 (29)
frinvelebi
322
3 (1)
ZuZumwovrebi
105
38 (36)
wyalmcenareebi
(taqsa)*
sokoebi
saxeobaTa raodenoba
*kontinenturi wylebisa da niadagebis taqsa,** 600 kavkasiisa da 300 saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli
saxeobebi.
tyis resursebi: saqarTvelos teritoriis 36.7% tyiTaa dafaruli, romelic
araTanabradaa ganawilebuli qveynis mTel teritoriaze (saqarTvelos
biomravalferovnebis strategia da moqmedebaTa gegma, 2005). tyeebis 98% mTian
zolSia gavrcelebuli, mxolod 2% ki dablob teritoriazea gavrcelebuli.
tyeebis 26.8% zRvis donidan 1000 metramdea gavrcelebuli, 66.2% 1000 dan 2000
metramde, 7% ki 2000 metrze zemoT (EPR saqarTvelo, 2003).
saqarTveloSi 400 sxvadasxva saxeobis merqniani mcenarea gavrcelebuli. romelTagan
yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba wifeli (Fagus orientalis), saqarTvelos tyis resursebis
52,9% Seadgens (EPR saqarTvelo, 2003) (ix. ruka 5-6). tyeebis klasifikacia
aseTia: maRali ekologiuri Rirebulebebis mqone tyis masivebi, rekriaciuli
tyeebi, niadagdacviTi da wyalSenaxviTi tyeebi da saeqspluatacio Rirebulebis
tyeebi.
67
ruqa 5-6. saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia Semdegi tipis tyeebi:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
muxnarebi (Quercus iberica): gavrcelebulia aRmosavleT saqarTvveloSi
600-700 metridan
wiflnarebi (Fagus orientalis): gavrcelebulia tyis sartylis Sua da zeda
nawilSi;
fiWvnarebi (Pinus spp.) gavrcelebulia zRvis donidan 1700-2400 metrSi
muxnar-fiWvnari aRmosacleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia 800idan 1 100
metramde, aWaraSi ki (dasavleT saqarTvelo) 300idan 1,200 metramde.
uTxovaris (Taxus baccata) tyeebi gavrcelebulia aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi
Zelqvis tyeebi: gavrcelebulia aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
nekerCxliani (Acer velutinum) tyeebi: gavrcelebulia alaznis velze. es
saxeobebi 1000 metrze maRla ar gvxvdeba.
kolxuri tipis tye; gavrcelebulia kolxeTis dablobze (dasavleT
saqarTvelo), mdidaria lianebiT.
biWvinTis fiWvis tye (Pinus pitiunta): ZiriTadad gvxvdeba afxazeTSi
(dasavleT saqarTvelo).
wablis tyeebi: gavrcelebulia rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT
saqarTveloSi. dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia 100 dan 1000
metramde. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Cveulebriv gvxvdeba 400idan 1350
metramde.
68
daculi teritoriebi: saqarTveloSi 21 nakrZalia (saerTo farTobia 171,787
heqtari), oTxi erovnuli parki (210,860 ha), sami bunebis Zegli (138 ha), 11
aRkveTili (56,393 ha) da erTi daculi landSafti (2,790 ha) (ix. ruka 5-7).
daculi teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 439 178 heqtars, anu saqarTvelos mTeli
teritoriis 6%-s moicavs (daculi teritoriebis departamenti, 2006). unda
aRiniSnos is faqti, rom momavalSi dagegmilia daculi teritoriebis
ricxovnobis gazrda. mag. dagegmilia javaxeTis erovnuli parkis (saerTo
farTobiT 20 000 ha), romelic moicavs xuT Warbtenian aRkveTils), mtiralas
erovnuli parkis (15,806 ha) da Tbilisis erovnuli parkis (24 000 ha) daarseba.
maWaxela hesi daaxloebiT 10 kilometrSi mdebareobs mtiralas erovnuli
parkidan, kahareTis mcire hesi ki 40 kilometriTaa daSorebuli javaxeTis
erovnul parks.
Fruqa 5-7. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebi
am nawilSi mocemulia informacia programatul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi
ganxiluli proeqtebis fonuri monacemebis (maT Soris mcenareuli safaris,
ZuZumwvrebis, frinvelebis, reptiliebisa da Tevzis resursebis) Sesaxeb.
5.3.2 abhesi
mcenareuli safari: regionis bunebrivi mcenareuli safari mniSvnelovnadaa
Secvlili anTropogenuli zemoqmedebis gamo (saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 1984).
mniSvnelovani teritoria uWiravs kulturul landSaftebsa da sasoflosameurneo savargulebs (baRebi, bostnebi, miwis nakveTebi egzotikuri
mcenareulobiT (evkalipti, tungo, bambuki), Caisa da citrusebiT dafaruli
terasebi). bunebrivi mcenareuli safari warmodgenilia kolxuri tipis tyiT,
sadac dominantoben: kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus caucasica), nekerCxali (Acer
campestre), wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli (Castanea sativa). tyeebi
mdidaria lianebiT (Hedera colchica da Smalax exscelsa), mravladaa gvimra (Mateucia
struthiopteris).
69
qvetye warmodgenilia mradmwvane mcenareulobiT, vxvdebiT: wyavi (Laurocerasus
officinalis), Tagvisara (Ruscus ponticus), kolxuri bza (Buxus colchica,saqarTvelos
wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi) buCqebidan vxvdebiT: mocvi
(Vaccinium myrtillus), Txili (Colrylus colchica), maJalo (Malus orientalis) da TuTa
(Morus alba) (n. kecxoveli, 1959).
sofeli abhesis SemogarenSi vxvdebiT Semdegi saxeobis balaxovan mcenareebs,
romlebic gadaSenebis piras myofi veluri florisa da faunis konvenciis
(CITES) danarTSi Setanil saxeobebs warmoadgenen: yoCivarda (Cyclamen vernum,
Cyclamen colchicum, Cyclamen ponticum), marjnis Zira (Listera ovata), Citbuda
(Cephalanthera rubra), orqidea (Epipogium aphyllum da Epipogium epipogium), da
jadvari (Orchis palustris).
ZuZumwovrebi: teritoria mdidaria cxovelTa saxeobebiT, gavrcelebulia: tura
(Canis aureus), mela (Vulpes vulpes), maCvi (Meles meles), dedofala (Mustela nivalis),
kurdReli (Sciurus vulgaris), da gareuli Rori (Sus scrofa). Waobian adgilebSi
aklimatizirebulia nutria (Myocastor coypus) (saqarTvelos atlasi, 1964)
frinvelebi: frinvelTa saxeobebidan gvxvdeba: mwyeri (Coturnix coturnix), RalRa
(Crex crex), Waobis qaTamura (Porzana porzana), patara wintala (Charadirus dubius),
ruxi kokorina (Tringa hypoleucus), mekirie (Alpus melba), da sxvebi (Jordania r,
boeme r, kuznetsovi a, 1999).
amfibiebi da reptiliebi: zugdidis raionSi gvxvdeba: aWaruli xvliki (Lacerta
mixta), gvelxokera (Ophisaurus apodus), mwvane gombeSo (Bufo viridus), kavkasiuri
gombeSo (Bufo verrucosissimus), boxmeWa (Anguis fragilis) da wylis ankarebi (Natrix
natrix & Natrix tessellate) (TarxniSvili, d. 1996).
Tevzis resursebi: mdinare abaSis wyalSi gavrcelebulia Tevzis Semdegi
saxeobebi: kolxuri wvera (Barbus tauricus escherichi), kaparWina (Abramis brama),
Rorjo (Gobius melanostomus), kalmaxi (Salmo fario), da xramulia (Varicorhinus
siedolbi, saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi) (elaniZe, r.,
1988). cxrilSi 5-5 mocemulia mdinare abaSaSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis
gamravlebis periodebi:
cxrili 5-5. md. abaSis wylis Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis periodi
Saxeoba
gamravlebis periodi
kolxuri wvera
kaparWina
Rorjo
Kalmaxi
xramulia
maisi-agvisto
aprili-ivnisi
Mmarti-seqtemberi
seqtemberi-oqtomberi
Mmaisi-ivnisi
5.3.3 Zama (kexijvari)
mcenareuli safari: warsulSi raionis mniSvnelovani teritoria dafaruli iyo
muxis, (Quercus iberica), wifeli (Fagus orientalis), kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus
caucasica) tyeebiT, amJamad bunebrivi mcenareuli safari mniSvnelovnadaa
Secvlili. tyis safaris didi nawili ganadgurebulia, mdinare mtkvris auzSi
arsebuli Walis tyeebi ganadgurebulia anTropogenuli zemoqmedebis gamo.
meoradi cenozi ZiriTadad qserofiuri da hemiqserofiluri buCqebiTa da
balaxovani mcenareulobiTaa warmodgenili, an dafarulia sasoflo-sameurneo
savargulebiT. dominanti saxeobebia: ZeZvi (Paliurus spina-christi), tirifi (Salix
hypemrifolia), da jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis) SigadaSig gvxvdeba: Rvia
70
(Juniperus), askili (Rosa), Trimli (Cotinus cogyggria), da Savi kuneli (Crataegus
penthagina)
ZuZumwovrebi: Zlieri anTropogenuli zemoqmedebis gamo, cxovelTa samyaros
ganawileba raionis teritoriaze araTanabaria. gavrcelebuli saxeobebia:
mgeli (Canis lupus), mela (Vulpes vulpes), maCvi (Meles meles), kverna (Martes martes),
gareuli Rori (Sus scrofa), Sveli (Capreolus capreolus), kurdReli (Lepus europeus).
mRrRnelebidan yvlaze gavrcelebuli saxeobaa memindvria (Microtus arvalis).
(saqarTvelos atlasi, 1984).
frinvelebi: frinvelTa samyaro warmodgenilia stepisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
saxeobebiT. yvelaze xSirad gvrcelebuli saxeobebia: Cveulebrivi meRorRia
(Oenanthe oenanthe), RaJo (Lanius collurio), mTis grata (Emberiza cia), da ofofi
(Upupa epops). raionis teritoriaze binadrobs begobis arwivi (Aquila heliaca), es
saxeoba Setanilia IUCN-is wiTel nusxaSi. mosazRvre TrialeTis mTebSi
binadrobs gnoli (Perdix perdix) da kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosieviczi
Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi)
(Jordania r, boeme r, kuznetsovi a, 1999).
amfibiebi da reptiliebi: mdinare Zamas maxloblad gvxvdeba Semdegi saxeobebi:
Cveulebrivi ankara (Natrix natrix) da wylis ankara (Natrix tessellate) da gvelxokera
(Ophisaurus apodus) (saqarTvelos enciklopedia,1984).
Tevzis resursebi: mdinare ZamaSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebia: kalmaxi
(Salmo fario Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi, erovnuli statusimowyvladi) da wvera (Barbus lacerta cyri) (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi 5-6
mocemulia mdinare ZamaSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodebi:
cxrili 5-6. mdinare ZamaSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
saxeoba
Ggamravlebis periodi
Wvera
Kkalmaxi
Mmaisi-ivnisi
5.3.4 kabali
mcenareuli safari: sofeli kabali daaxloebiT 20 kilometriTaa daSorebuli
lagodexis nakrZalisagan (daculi teritoriebis ruka, WWF, 2005). lagodexis
raionis mimdebare teritoriebze gvxvdeba xeluxlebeli tyeebi, degradirebuli
Walis tyeebis mcire fragmentebiT (ix. sur. 5-8). Walis tyeebSi dominireben
mcenareTa Semdegi saxeobebi: Walis muxa (Quercus pedunculiflora), Tela (Ulmus
foliacea), Walis verxvi (Populus hybrida) da ofi (Populus nigra), tirifi (Salix excelsa),
da sxvebi.
sofeli kabalis mimdebare teritoriaze gavrcelebul tyeebSi dominantoben:
Walis muxa (Querpus pedunculifora), kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus caucasica), ifani
(Fraxinus excelsior), cacxvi (Tilia caucasica), Cveulebrivi nekerCxali (Acer campestre).
qvetye formirebulia Semdegi saxeobebiT: kvido (Ligustrum vulgare), zRmartli
(Mespilus germanica), Sindi (Cormus mas), Txili (Corylus avellana).
balaxovani safari saxeobebiT Raribia da ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
marcvlovanTa ramdenime saxeobiT: (Festuca gigantean, Dactylis glomerata,
Brachypodium sylvaticum). aRniSnul saxeobebTan erTad, gvxvdeba zogierTi
farTod gavrcelebuli taqsonic, rogoricaa: marwyvbalaxi (Potentilla reptans),
oqrowkepla (Solidago virgaurea) da sxvebi. aqve gvxvdeba saqarTvelos wiTel
nusxaSi Setanili ramdenime saxeobac: pastuxovis suro (Hedera pastuchowii),
71
Walis muxa (Quercus pedunculiflora) da veluri vazi (Vitis sylvestris). sofeli kabalis
maxloblad napovnia TeTryvavila (Gallantus lagodechianus), romelic saqarTvelos
endems warmoadgens da Setanilia gadaSenebis piras myofi veluri florisa da
faunis konvenciis (CITES) danarTSi
ruka 5-8. lagodexis raionis mcenareuli safari
ZuZumwovrebi: sofeli kabalis mimdebare teritoriaze vxvdebiT Semdegi saxis
cxvelebs: gareuli kata (Felis silvestris), kverna (Martes Martes), mela (Vulpes vulpes),
tura (Canis aureus), daTvi (Ursus arctos, saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli
statusi-gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe mdgari), maCvi (Meles meles), tyis Zilguda
(Dryomys nitedula), Tagvis sxvadasxva saxeoba (Apodemus ponticus, Apodemus
fulvipectus, Apodemus uralensis), da sxvebi.
raionis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli Semdegi saxeobebi Setanilia bunebis
dacvis moflio kavSiris (IUCN) wiTel nusxaSi: didi cxvirnala (Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum), mcire cxvirnala (Rhinolophus hipposideros), mcire meRamura (Nyctalus
leisleri), kavkasiuri ciyvi (Sciurus anomalus), wavi (Lutra lutra), da focxveri (Lynx lynx).
frinvelebi: gazafxul-Semodgomis periodSi alaznis Wala warmoadgens
koridors da dasasvenebel adgils gadamfreni frinvelebisaTvis. Tumca
sofeli kabalis teritoriaze gadamfreni frinvelebis arseboba ar fiqsirdeba
(alaznis Walebis frinvelTa ruka, 2005)
sofeli kabalis mimdebare teritoriaze napovnia siriuli xekoda (Dendrocopos
syriacus) Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi (kvercxdeba aprilis TveSi)
amfibiebi da reptiliebi: lagodexis raionSi vake teritoriebze gvxvdeba:
palasis mZromi (Elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates), gvelxokera (Ophisaurus apodus),
boxmeWa (Anguis fragilis), zolebiani xvliki (Lacerta strigata), da Semdegi amfibiebi:
72
tboris bayayi (Rana ridibunda) da vasaka ( Hyla arborea) da mwvane gombeSo (Bufo
viridis) (alaznis Walebis mrTvis gegma, 2005).
Tevzis resursebi: mdinare kabalSi gavrcelebulia: kalmaxi (Salmo fario,
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi) kaparWina (Blicca
bjoerkna transcaucasica) (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi 5-7 mocemulia mdinare
kabalSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis periodebi:
cxrili 5-7. mdinare kabalSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
saxeoba
kaparWina
Mmaisi-ivnisi
kalmaxi
5.3.5 kalauri
mcenareuli safari: bunebrivi mcenareuli safari Secvlilia anTropogenuli
zemoqmedebis gamo, da dafarulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebiTa da
dasaxlebuli punqtebiT. amis miuxedavad, alag-alag gvxvdeba SedarebiT kargad
Semonaxuli Walis tyis fragmentebi (naxucriSvili, g., 1999).
ruka 5-9. miwis resursebis ganawileba
arakultivirebuli miwebi dafarulia tye-stepis msgavsi mcenareulobiT, sadac
dominireben: jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis), askili (Rosa cinnamomea), ZeZvi
(Paliurus spina-christ), Savjaga (Rhamnus pallasii), da Savi kuneli (Crataegus pentagyna).
meoradi tye warmodgenilia Semdegi dominatni saxeobebiT: muxa (Quercus
pedunculiflora, Quercus pedunculiflora) da kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus caucasica).
sofeli kalauris maxloblad gavrcelebuli Semdegi saxeobebi Setanilia
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi: muxa (Quercus pedunculiflora), lafani (Pterocarya
73
pterocarpa), Cveulebrivi xurma (Diospyros lotus), usurvazi (Vitis sylvestris) da suros
ori saxeoba (Hedera pastuchowii, Hedera pastuchowii).
ZuZumwovrebi: sofeli kalauris SemogarenSi binadroben: gareuli kata (Felis
silvestris), kverna (Martes Martes), mela (Vulpes vulpes), tura (Canis aureus), maCvi (Meles
meles), kurdReli (Sciurus vulgaris), tyis Zilguda (Dryomys nitedula) da Tagvis
ramdenime saxeoba (Apodemus ponticus, Apodemus fulvipectus, Apodemus uralensis).
frinvelebi: gurjaanis raionSi vxvdebiT frinvelTa Semdeg saxeobebs: remezi
(Remiz pendulinus), patara torola (Calandrella cinerea), patara Wreli xekoda
(Dendrocopos minor), tarbi (Sturnus roses) da sxvebi (Jordania r, boeme r,
kuznetsovi a, 1999).
reptiliebi da amfibiebi: gurjaanis raionSi gavrcelebulia reptiliebis
Semdegi saxeobebi : gvelxokera (Ophisaurus apodus), boxmeWa (Anguis fragilis),
zolebiani xvliki (Lacerta strigata), amfibiebidan vxvdebiT : tboris bayayi (Rana
ridibunda), vasaka ( Hyla arborea) (alaznis Walebis mrTvis gegma, 2005, 2005).
Tevzis resursebi: sofel kalaurSi mdinare ar miedineba, Sesabamisad ar
vixilavT Tevzis resursebs.
5.3.6 kahareTi
mcenareuli safari: sofeli kahareTi daaxloebiT 20 kilometriTaa
daSorebuli borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkidan (daculi teritoriebis
ruka, 2005). javaxeTis zegani mesxeT-javaxeTis biogeografiul raions
miekuTvneba da ZiriTadad warmodgenilia mTis stepisa da maRali mTis mdelos
ekosistemiT.
raioni floristuli TvalsazrisiT sakmarisad Seswavlili araa.
gavrcelebuli saxeobebia: wivana (Festuca sulcata), wurwuma (Stipa capillata),
vaciwvera (Stipa tirsa), saTiTura (Dactylis glomerata), alpuri samyura (Trifolium
alpestre), CitisTava (Gagea, Muscari), laqaSi (Typha latifolia, Typha anegustifolia , Typha
laxmanii), kokozas ori saxeoba (Schoenoplectus lacustris, Schoenoplectus
tabernaemontani).
sofeli kahareTi garSemortymulia tyiT dafaruli mTis ferdebiT,
sadacDdominireben: muxa (Querpus) da rcxila (Carpinus); ufro maRla
gavrcelebulia: evropuli fiWvi (Pinus silvestris), evropuli naZvi (Picea excelsa)
da evropuli soWi (Abies alba) (kecxoveli, g., 1959).
bolo wlebSi regionSi mniSvnelovnad imata tyis resursebis aralegalurma
gamoyenebam da ukanono Wrebis ricxvma, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani miayena
tyeebis xarisxs da gamoiwvia misi moculobis Semcireba (javaxeTis zeganis
menejmentis gegma, 2000).
ZuZumwovrebi: saxeobebi, romelTa raodenobas saqarTvelos sxva teritoriaze
mkveTradaa Semcirebuli, farTodaa gavrcelebuli javaxeTis zeganze. msxvili
zomis ZuZumwovrebidan aq vxvdebiT: kurdReli (Lepus europaeus),kverna (Vormela
peregusna), maCvi (Meles meles), wavi (Lutra lutra), mela (Vulpes vulpes) da mgeli (Canis
lupus). CamoTvlilTagan kurdReli, mela da mgeli gavrcelebulia saqarTvelos
mTels teritoriaze, kverna ki Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel wignSi da
dafiqsirebulia mxolod somxeTis sazRvarTan (madatafis tbis axlos).
raionis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli zogierTi saxeoba endemuria
kavkasiisaTvis, maT Soris, zazuna (Mesocricetus brandti), mindvris Tagvis ori
saxeoba (Terricola daghestanicus, Terricola nasarovi), da wylis biga (Sorex caucasicus,
74
Neomys schelkownikowi). es saxeobebi gvxvdeba regionis samxreT sazRvarTan
(javaxeTis tbebis nenejmentis gegma, 2000).
frinvelebi: javaxeTis zegani frinvlTa samyaros mravalferovnebiT xasiTdeba.
frinvelTa sxvadasxva saxeobaa dafiqsirebuli tbebis (xanCali, mugdaSeni,
madatafa) maxloblad, Tumca adigenis raionSi frinvelTa samyaros amgvari
nairgvarobiT ar aRiniSneba (javaxeTis tbebis menejmentis gegma, 2000). 140-ze
meti saxeobis frinvelia dafiqsirebuli javaxeTis zeganis tbebis mimdebare
teritoriebze, maTgan 80 saxeoba mobudaria. sxva saxeobebi an gadamfrenia,
zafxulis vizitori an maTi statusi ucnobia (cxrili 5-6).
reptiliebi da amfibiebi: javaxeTis plato reptiliebisa da amfibiebis
mravalgvarobiT xasiaTdeba, vxvdebiT mowyvlad saxeobebs, maT Soris: mwvane
gombeSo (Bufo viridis), bayayis ori saxeoba (Rana macrocnemis da Rana ridibunda),
xvlikis eqvsi saxeoba (Anguis fragilis, Lacerta agilis, Darevskia valentini, Darevskia
nairensis, Darevskia armeniaca, and Darevskia unisexualis) da gvelis oTxi saxeoba
(Natrix natrix, N. tessellata, Coronella austriaca, and Vipera sp). darevskis gvelgesla
(Vipera darevskii) endemuria kavkasiis regionisaTvis (javaxeTis tbebis menejmentis
gegma, 2000).
Tevzis resursebi: arsebuli kvlevebis mixedviT, mdinare xvablianSi
gavrcelebulia Tevzis Semdegi saxeobebi: kalmaxi (Salmo fario, saqarTvelos
wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi), wvera (Barbus lacerta) da xramulia
(Variocorhinus capoeta) (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi 5-8 mocemulia mdinare
xvablianSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis periodebi:
cxrili 5-8. mdinare xvablianSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
saxeoba
Gamravlebis periodi
kalmaxi
wvera
xramula
seqtember-oqtomberi
maisi-agvisto
Aaprili-seqtemberi
75
cxrili 5-9. javaxeTis zeganis frinvelTa samyaro
#
saxeobebi
Raodenoba
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Podiceps cristatus
P. grisegena
P. nigricollis
Pelecanus crispus
P. onocrotalus
Ardea cinerea
Egretta alba
E. garzetta
Ardeola ralloides
Plegadis falcinellus
Ciconia ciconia
C. nigra
Phoenicopterus
ruber
Anser anser
Tadorna tadorna
T. ferruginea
Anas platyrhynchos
A. strepera
A. crecca
A. querquedula
A. qlipeata
Netta rufina
Aythya fuligula
Aythya ferina
Melanitta fusca
Circus aeruginosus
C. pygargus
C. macrourus
C. cianeus
Grus grus
Rallus aquaticus
Porzana porzana
Crex crex
Fulica atra
Himantopus
himantopus
Charadrius
hiaticula
C. dubius
Vanellus vanellus
Calidris ferruginea
Tringa totanus
T. ochropus
Limosa limosa
Actitis hypoleucos
Philomachus
pugnax
Gallinago gallinago
G. media
Larus cachinnans
L. ridibundus
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
40 erTeuli
100-150 erTeuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
iSviaTi
iSviaTi
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
iSviaTi
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
IUCN wiTeli wigni
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
>300 erTeuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
20 erTeuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
7 wyvili
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
migrirebadi/mobuda
ri
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
mobudari
zafxulis vizitori
zafxulis vizitori
migranti
migranti
migranti
migranti
migranti
mobudari
migranti
Semodgomis
vizitori
migranti
migranti
mobudari
mobudari, migranti
mobudari, migranti
mobudari, migranti
mobudari, migranti
mobudari, migranti
mobudari, migranti
mobudari
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmigranti
Mmigranti
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmigranti
iSviaTi
Mmigranti
Aara
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
Mmigranti
Mmobudari
Mmigranti
Mmobudari
Mmobudari
Mmigranti
Mmigranti
Mmigranti
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
farTod gavrcelebuli
iSviaTi
farTod gavrcelebuli
farTod gavrcelebuli
Mmigranti
Mmigranti
Mmobudari
Mmigranti
ara
Kki
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ki
ara
ara
ara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
ara
ara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
ki
Aara
Aara
Aara
Aara
Kki
Aara
Aara
wyaro: javaxeTis tbebis menejmentis gegma, 2000
76
5.3.7 KxidisTavi
mcenareuli safari: raionSi 20 000ze meti saxeobis mcenarea gavrcelebuli.
warsulSi mdinare sufsispira dablobi dafaruli iyo kolxuri tipis tyiT.
dRes aRniSnuli teritoria kultivirebulia, landSafti dafarulia baRebiT,
bostnebiT, egzotikuri mcenareebiT dafaruli miwis nakveTebiT (evkalipti,
tungo, bambuki), Caisa da citrusis plantaciebiT (kecxoveli, n., 1959).
tye warmodgenilia Semdegi saxeobebiT: wifeli (Fagus orientalis), muxa (Quercus
pedunculiflora), kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus caucasica) da wabli (Castanea
sativa).qvetye Seqmnilia Semdegi saxis maradmwvane mcenareebiT: wyavi
(Laurocerasus officinalis), Tagvisara (Ruscus ponticus), bza (Buxus colchica,saqarTvelos
wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi); Semdegi saxis buCqovani
mcenareebi: mocvi (Vaccinium myrtillus) da Txili (Colrylus avelana).
700 metramde tyeSi dominireben: aRmosavluri naZvi (Picea orientalis), soWi (Abies
nordmanniana), wifeli (Fagus orientalis), nekerCxali (Acer campestre).
Semdegi saxeobebi napovnia sofeli xidisTavis teritoriaze da Setanilia
gadaSenebis piras myofi veluri florisa da faunis konvenciis (CITES):
marjnisZiras ori saxeoba (Listera ovata, Listera cordata), gugulis kaba (Orchis
amblyoloba)
ZuZumwovrebi: adamianis xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis Sedegad, cxovelTa
populaciuri ricxovnoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirebulia (saqarvelos
enciklopedia, 1984) sofeli xidisTavis maxloblad gavrcelebuli saxeobebia:
mura daTvi (Ursus arctos, saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, kategoria-gadaSenebis
safrTxis winaSe myofi), tura (Canis aureus), mela (Vulpes vulpes), kurdReli
(Sciurus vulgaris), maCvi (Meles meles) da kverna (Martes martes).
frinvelebi: frinvelTa samyaro mravalferovnebiT ar gamoirCeva. sofeli
xidisTavis mimdebare teritoriaze dafiqsirebulia frinvelTa Semdegi
saxeobebi: mdelos Zelqori (Circus pygargys), Cveulebrivi kakaCa (Buteo buteo), qori
(Accipiter gentilis), Cveulebrivi kirkita (Falco tinnunculus), CxarTvi (Turdus viscivorus)
reptiliebi da amfibiebi: sakvlevi teritoria ar aris safuZvlianad
Seswavlili, arsebul literaturaSi dafiqsirebulia Semdegi saxeobebi:
gvelxokera (Ophisaurus apodus), qarTuli xvliki (Lacerta rudis) gvelis ori saxeoba
(Natrix natrix and Natrix tessellate) (TaxniSvili, d., 1996).
Tevzis resursebi: mdinare gubazeulSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebia:
kalmaxi (Salmo fario, saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi),
Wanari (Alburnoides bipunctatus fasciatus), da cimori (Gobio gobio lepidolaomus n.
Caucasicus) (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi 5-10 mocemulia mdinare gubazeulSi
gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis periodebi:
cxrili 5-10. mdinare gubazeulSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
saxeoba
Gamravlebis periodi
kalmaxi
Wanari
cimori
seqtember-oqtomberi
aprili-agvisto
aprili-agvisto
77
mcenareuli safari: bunebrivi mcenareuli safari Secvlilia anTropogenuli
zemoqmedebis gamo, da dafarulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebiTa da
dasaxlebuli punqtebiT (ruka 5.10).
ruka 5-10. sofeli nafareulis mimdebare teritoriebis landSafturi ruka
daumuSavebeli teritoria dafarulia stepis tipis mcenareuli safariT, sadac
dominirebs vaciwvera (Stipa),da tye-stepis tipis mcenareuli safariT
(warmodgenilia Semdegi saxis saxeobebiT: jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis), askili
(Rosa cinnamomea), ZeZvi (Paliurus spina-christi), Savjaga (Rhamnus pallasii), Savi kuneli
(Crataegus pentagyna), meoradi tyis safari warmodgenilia: muxiT (Querpus) da
rcxila (Carpinus) (kecxoveli, n., 1959).
sofeli nafareulis SemogarenSi gavrcelebulia muxis tyeebi, sadac
dominantoben: muxa (Quercus pedunculiflora, Quercus pedunculiflora), Tela (Ulmus
foliacea), tirifi (Salix excelsa), ifani (Fraxinus excelsior), kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus
caucasica), Cveulebrivi nekerCxali (Acer campestre) cacxvi (Tilia caucasica). Qqvetye
Seqmnilia buCqovani mcenareebiT: kvido (Ligustrum vulgare), zRmartli (Mespilus
germanica), Sindi (Cornus mas) da Txili (Corylus avellana). tyeebi mdidaria
lianebiT: ekalRiji (Smilax excelsa) da kavkasiuri suro (Hedera helix).
78
sofeli lopotas maxloblad gavrcelebuli Semdegi saxeobebi Setanilia
saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi: muxa (Quercus pedunculiflora), lafani (Pterocarya
pterocarpa), Cveulebrivi xurma (Diospyros lotus), usurvazi (Vitis sylvestris) da suros
ori saxeoba (Hedera pastuchowii, Hedera pastuchowii).
gaxSirebulma xis Wrebma seriozuli ziani miayena tyis ekosistemebs, iseTi
maRali xarisxis xis resursebs, rogoricaa muxa, wifeli, romlebic
mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. gaCexili tyis adgilas mniSvnelovnadaa gazrdili
lianebisa da buCqebis odenoba, rac xels uSlis merqniani saxeobebis
revegetacias (alaznis walebis marTvis gegma, 2005).
ZuZumwovrebi mdinare alaznis marcxena napirze gavrcelebuli
saxeobebia:Oenoti (Procyon lotor), veluri kata (Felis silvestris), yviTelyela kverna
(Martes Martes), mela (Vulpes vulpes), tura (Canis aureus), daTvi (Ursus arctos,
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, kategoria-gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi), da
maCvi (Meles meles).
rainis farglebSi aRmoCenilia sxvadasxva saxeobebi, romlebic Setanilia IUCNis wiTel nusxaSi cxvirnala (Rhinolophus ipposideros, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum),
mcire meRamura (Nyctalus leisleri), kavkasiuri ciyvi (Sciurus anomalus), wavi (Lutra lutra).
frinvelebi: gazafxul-Semodgomis periodSi alaznis Wala warmoadgens
koridors da dasasvenebel adgils gadamfreni frinvelebisaTvis. Tumca
sofeli nafareulis teritoriaze gadamfreni frinvelebis arseboba ar
fiqsirdeba (alaznis Walebis frinvelTa ruka, 2005). soflis teritoriaze
gavrcelebuli frinvelTa saxeobebia: molaRuri (Oriolus oriolus), wylis SaSvi
(Cinclus cinclus) gulwiTela (Erithacus rubecula).
reptiliebi da amfibiebi: Telavis raionSi gavrcelebulia Semdegi saxeobis
reptiliebi: gvelxokera (Ophisaurus apodus) boxmeWa (Anguis fragilis), Cveulebrivi
ankara (Natrix natrix), wylis ankara (Natrix tessellate), zolebiani xvliki (Lacerta
strigata) da amfibiebis Semdeg saxeobebs: tboris bayayi (Rana ridibundai), mwvane
gombeSo (Bufo viridis), vasaka (Hyla arborea). savaraudoa, rom alaznis mimdebare
teritoriebze binadrobs mcireaziuri tritoni (Tritorus vitatus), romelic
saqarTvelos wiTel wignSia Setanili (alaznis Walebis menejmentis gegma, 2005)
Tevzis resursebi: mdinare lopotaSi gavrcelebulia: kalmaxi (Salmo fario,
saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi), kobri (Alburnoides
bipunctatus eichwaldi), da kaparWina (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica). aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom aralegalur TevzWeras Zlieri uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba aqvs
mdinare lopotas Tevzis resursebis populaciaze.
lopotas hesis maxloblad mflobels Seqmnili aqvs TevzsaSeni, romelic
mdinare lopotadan iRebs saWiro wylis odenobas. TevzsaSeni amJamad
carielia, savaraudod agvistos TveSi mflobeli apirebs misi wyliT Sevsebas
da Semdegi saxeobebis gaSenebas: sqelSubla (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) da
sazani(Cyprinus carpio). (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi 5-11 mocemulia mdinare
lopotaSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis periodebi:
79
cxrili 5-11. mdinare lopotaSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
Fsaxeoba
Gamravlebis periodi
kalmaxi
kobri
seqtember-oqtomberi
aprili-agvisto
maisi-ivnisi
kaparWina
5.3.9 MmaWaxela (qed-qedi)
mcenareuli safari: soflis mimdebare teritoria warmodgenilia ramsaris
Warbteniani sistemis ramodenime tipiT: F,E,K,L,M,N,R,Y,1,4,9 (Woroxis deltis
menejmentis gegma, 2006). uaxloes momavalSi dagegmilia sofeli qed-qedidan
daaxloebiT 10 kilometris daSorebiT mdebare mtiralas mTis daculi
teritoriis dafuZneba (daculi teritoriebis ruka, 2005). adgilobrivi
ekosistema mniSvnelovnadaa Secvili anTropogenuli zemoqmedebiT (Worxis
deltis menejmentis gegma, 2006). adgilobrivi flora warmodgenilia Semdegi
formaciebiT:
Trapeta-Ti, LIunceta Parviunceta, Hydrophyta herbosa, Hydatophytes,
Ceratophullata demers, and Hygrophyta fruticosa (Worxis deltis menejmentis gegma,
2006).
sofeli qed-qedi garSemortymulia tyiT, sadac dominanti saxeobebia:
Cveulebrivi wabli (Castanea sativa), wifeli (Fagus orientalis), Tela (Ulmus foliacea),
nekerCxali (Acer campestre). qvetyeSi dominirebs maradmwvane Sqeri (Rhododendron
ponticum), qvetye mdidaria lianebiT, mayvlis gavrcelebuli saxeobebia Rubus
anatolicus da Rubus hirtus teritoriaze vxvdebiT aseve saxeobebs, romlebic
Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi, kerZod: leRvi (Ficus carica) da xarTuTa
(Morus nigra).
mdelos mcenareuloba ZiriTadad warmodgenilia meoreuli cenozebiT,
adventiuri saxeobebis dominantobiT: lakartia (Paspalum thunbergii), msuqana
(Sedum stoloniferum), mwvane marwyvi (Fragaria viridis), nigvzisZira (Geum urbanum),
yviTeli ionja (Medicago falcate), samyura (Trifolium subterranum), SabTari (Trifolium
resupinatum), TeTri samyura (Trifolium repens), kurdRlisfrCxila (Lotus corniculatus),
qona (Ranunculus chius), da sxva (naxucriSvili, g., 1999).
ZuZumwovrebi: sofeli qed-qedis SemogarenSi gvxvdeba: maCvi (Meles meles), mela
(Vulpes vulpes) tura (Canis aureus), da sxvadasxva saxeobis mcire zomis
ZuZumwovrebi: Selkovnikovis wylis biga (Neomys shelkownikowi), kbilTeTra
(Crocidura spp.), rades ruxkbila (Sorex raddei), kavkasiuri Txunela (Talpa
caucasica) (Woroxis deltis marTvis gegma, 2006).
frinvelebi: xelvaCauris raionis teritoria frinvelTa saxeobebis
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva – daaxloebiT 40 saxeobis
mobudari (zogierTi saxeoba mocemulia cxrilSi 5-12), 30 saxeobis mozamTre, 50
saxeobis migranti da 30 saxeobamde araregularulad gadamfreni frinveli. maT
Soris: SavCiCaxva Rorixva (Gavia arctica), wiTelCiCaxva Rorixva (Gavia
stellata), ruxloyeba kokona (Podiceps grisegena), Savyela kokona (Podiceps
nigricollis), mcire kokona (Tachybaptus Rufficollis), wiTelniskarta gedi (Cygnus olor),
yviTelniskarta gedi (Cygnus cygnus), ruxi bati (Anser anser), didi TeTrSubla
bati (Anser albifrons), gareuli ixvi (Anas platyrhynchos), farTocxvira ixvi (Anas
clypeata), stvenia ixvi (Anas crecca), WaxWaxa ixvi (Anas querquedula), qoCora
yvinTia (Aythya fuligula), wiTelTava yvinTia (Aythya ferina), ruxi yanCa (Ardea
cinerea), qarci yanCa (Ardea purpurea), mcire TeTri yanCa (Egretta garzetta), mcire da
80
didi wylis buRa (Ixobrichus minutus; Botaurus stellaris), iveosi (Plegadis falcinellus),
Jero (Platalea leucorodia), velis mercxala (Glareola nordmanni), oCofexa (Himantopus
himantopus), goWa (Gallinago media), didi kronSnepi (Numenius arquata), Waobis
Zelqori (Circus aeruginosus), alkuni (Alcedo atthis) (Jordania r, boeme r,
kuznetsovi a, 1999).
cxrili 5-12. aWaraSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi mobudari frinvelTa saxeobebi:
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
saxeobebi
ruxi yanCa
(Ardea cinerea)
Svavi
(Aegypius monachus)
ruxi RerReti
(Ancer ancer)
zarnaSo
(Bubo bubo)
yaraula (wylis buRa)
(Botaurus stellaris)
gareuli ixvi
(Anas platyrhynchos)
ruxi ixvi
(Anas stepera)
TeTrSubla ixvi
(Anas Penelope)
wiTelTava yuryumela
(Aythya ferina)
TeTrTvala yuryumela
(Aythya nyroca)
qoCora yvinTia
(Aythya fuligula)
turpani
(Melanitta fusca)
Melota
(Fulica atra)
tbis Tolia
(Larus ridibunus)
baiyuSi
(Asio flammeus)
xekakuna
(Drycopus martius)
gvigvini
(Columba oeans)
qedani
(Columba palumbus)
Waobis qaTamura
(Porzana porzana)
Wreli kldis SaSvi
(Monticola saxatilis)
tarbi
(Sturnus roseus)
patara Wreli xekoda
(Dendrocopos minor)
rqiani torola
(Eremophila alpestris)
samxreTuli bulbuli
(Luscinia megarhynchos)
ganierkuda lelwama
(Cettia cetti)
stvenia
(Pyrrhula pyrhulla)
gamravleba
aprilis pirveli naxevari, budobs
xeze
marti, budobs xeze
Aaprili, budobs xeze
Mmarti,
budobs miwaze
Aaprili, budobs miwaze
Aaprili, budobs miwaze
aprili, budobs miwaze
Mmaisi, budobs miwaze
Mmaisi-ivnisi, budobs miwaze
ivnisi, budobs miwaze
ivnisi, budobs miwaze
aprili-maisi, budobs miwaze
Aaprili-maisi, budobs miwaze
Aaprili-maisi, budobs xeze
Mmaisi,
budobs xeze
Aaprili-maisi budobs miwaze
Mmaisi,ivnisi budobs miwaze
Mmaisi,
budobs miwaze
Aaprili-maisi, budobs xeze
Mmaisi, budobs xeze
amfibiebi da reptiliebi: xelvaCauris raionSi gvxvdeba: vasaka (Hyla arborea),
tboris bayayi (Rana ridibunda), Cveulebrivi tritoni (Triturus vulgaris), boxmeWa
(Anguis fragilis). aseve vxvdebiT gvelis Semdeg saxeobebs: Cveulebrivi da wylis
ankarebi (Natrix natrix & N. tesselata), eskulapis mcuravi (Elaphe longissima). mardi
xvliki (Lacerta agilis) raionSi yvelaze xSirad gavrcelebuli saxeobaa.
81
teritoriaze binadrobs mcireaziuri tritoni (Triturus vittatus) da Turquli
xvliki (Darevskia clarcorum; IUCN wiTeli nusxa, kategoria-gadaSenebis safrTxis
winaSe myofi) (kolxeTis deltis menejmentis gegma, 2006).
Tevzis resursebi: 1990 wlebis monacemebis mixedviT, mdinare maWaxelas wyalSi
binadrobs Savi zRvis oraguli (Salmo fario morpha labrax, saqarTvelos wiTeli
nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom 90-iani wlebis
Semdeg kvlevebi mdinare maWaxelas wyalze ar Catarebula, Sedegad ucnobia
aRniSnuli Tevzis populaciis mdgomareoba. Mmdinare maWaxelas wyalSi aseve
vxvdebiT Tevzis Semdeg saxeobebs: kalmaxi (Salmo fario Setanilia saqarTvelos
wiTel nusxaSi, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi), wvera (Barbus tauricus escherichi),
kobri (Alburnoides jetteles) (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi 5-13 mocemulia mdinare
maWaxelas wyalSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis periodebi:
cxrili 5-13. mdinare maWaxelas wyalSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis
gamravlebis periodi
Saxeoba
Savi zRvis oraguli
seqtemberi-noemberi
aprili-agvisto
maisi-agvisto
kobri
wvera
Kkalmaxi
5.3.10 PfSaveli
mcenareuli safari: kaxeTis geo-botanikuri regioni mdidaria floristuli
mravalferovnebiT. maRali humidurobis gamo, mcenareuli safari ZiriTadad
mezofiluria. teritoriaze vxvdebiT xmelTaSuazRvispireTis, evropuli, da
axlo aRmosavleTisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floristul komponentebs
(naxucriSvili, g., 1999).
tyis safari gavrcelebulia zRvis donidan 400 dan 1850 metramde. alaznis
dablobze SemorCenilia Walis tyeebi, sadac dominireben: tirifi (Salix), verxvi
(Populus), muxa (Quercus peduculiflora, Quercus longipes), Zelqva (Zelqva carpinifolia),
lafani (Pterocarpa pterocarpa), Tela (Ulmus carpinifolia) da uTxovari (Taxus baccata).
qvetye warmodgenilia dominanti saxeobebiT: zRmartli (M garmanica), askili
(Rosa spp.), Trimli (Cotinus coggygria) da kuneli (Crataegus spp.). farTod
gavrcelebuli buCqovani mcenareebia: mayvali (Rubus spp.) da gvimra (Ptheridium
aquilinum). tyeebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli pastuxovis suro (Hedera pastuchowii)
(kecxoveli, n., 1959).
sofeli fSaveli garSemortymulia tyiT dafaruli ferdobebiT. tyeSi
dominireben: wifeli (Fagus orientalis), kavkasiuri rcxila (Carpinus caucasica),
nekerCxali (Acer laetum) qarTuli muxa (Querqus iberica).
ZuZumwovrebi: sofleli qed-qedis teritoriis farglebSi gvxvdeba: mura daTvi
(Ursus arctos, saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-gadaSenebis
safrTxis winaSe mdgari), maCvi (Meles meles), mgeli (Canis lupus), mela (Vulpes
vulpes), kverna (Martes martes), arCvi (Rupicapra rupicapra), iremi (Capreolus capreolus)
kurdReli (Lepus europeus). Walis tyeebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli wavi (Lutra
lutra).
frinvelebi: sofeli fSavelis maxloblad teritoriaze napovnia gadaSenebis
safrTxis winaSe mdgari saxeobebi: begobis arwivi (Aquila heliaca, saqarTvelos
wiTeli nusxa) kavkasiuri roWo (Tetrao mlokosiewitczi, Setanilia saqarTvelos
wiTel nusxaSi). farTodaa gavrcelebuli Semdegi saxeobebi: mwyeri (Coturnix
82
coturnix), sxvadasxva saxeobis ixvi (Anas spp.) da qedani (Columba palumbus)
reptiliebi da amfibiebi: lagodexis raionSi vxvdebiT Semdegi saxeobis
reptiliebs: Cveulebrivi ankara (Natrix natrix), wylis ankara (Natrix tessellate),
gvelxokera (Ophisaurus apodus), boxmeWa (Anguis fragilis), zolebiani xvliki (Lacerta
strigata); amfibiebidan vxvdebiT: tboris bayayi (Rana ridibunda), vasaka (Hyla arborea)
da mwvane gombeSo (Bufo viridis) (alaznis Walebis menejmentis gegma, 2005).
Tevzis resursebi:: mdinare strorSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebia: kalmaxi
(Salmo fario, saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa, erovnuli statusi-mowyvladi), xramula
(Varicorhinus capoeta) da wvera (Barbus tauricus escherichi) (elaniZe, r., 1988).
cxrilSi 5-14 mocemulia mdinare storSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis
gamravlebis periodebi:
cxrili 5-14. mdinare storSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
Fish
Spawning Period
Kkalmaxi
Aprili-oqtomberi
maisi-agvisto
xramulia
wvera
5.3.11 sarTiWala
mcenareuli safari: raionis teritoriaze vxvdebiT mcenareTa 1,643 saxeobas
(saqarTvelos enciklopedia, 1984). tyis safari warmodgenilia Semdegi saxis
dominanti saxeobebiT: jagrcxila (Carpinus orientalis), muxa (Querpus iberica), wifeli
(Fagus orientalis) nekerCxalis ori saxeobiT (Acer campestre da Acer velutinum). qvetye
Sedgeba Semdegi saxeobebiT: kvrinCxi (Prunus spinosa), qondara Rvia (Juniperus
pigmaea),Savi kuneli (Crataegus pentagyna) da ZeZviT (Paliurus spina-christi).
raionis teritoriaze napovnia TeTryvavilas endemuri saxeobebi (Galantus
caucasicus da Galantus woronowii) (naxucriSvili, g., 1999). aseve saxeobebi
Setanilia gadaSenebis piras myofi veluri florisa da faunis konvenciis
(CITES) danarTSi: yoCivarda(Cyclamen vernum),marjnisZira (Corallorhiza trifida),
marjnisZira (Listera ovata), Citisbuda (Neottia nidus avis), Citbuda (Cephalanthera
damasonium, Cephalanthera grandiflora), da sxvebi.
ZuZumwovrebi: cxovelTa saxeobebidan raionis farglebSi gvxvdeba: roe deer
(Capreolus capreolus), mgeli (Canis lupus), tura(Vulpes vulpes), kverna (Martes martes),
kurdReli (Sciurus vulgaris) zRarbi (Erinaceus concolor). mindvrebSi binadros Tagvis
sxvadasxva saxeoba: (Common vole, Apodemus ponticus).
frinvelebi: sofeli sarTiWalas maxloblad binadrobs frinvelTa Semdegi
saxeobebi: baiyuSi (Asio otus), ruxi yvavi (Dryocopus martius), tarbi (Sturnus roseus),
kldis cocia (Sitta neumayer) da sxvebi (Jordania r, boeme r, kuznetsovi a, 1999).
reptiliebi da amfibiebi: sofeli sarTiWalis mimdebare teritoria ar aris
safuZvlianad Seswavlili, arsebobs mwiri informacia raionis farglebSi
gavrcelebulia: boxmeWa (Anguis fragilis), gvelxokera (Ophysaurus apodus), jojo
(Laudakia caucasica) da katisTvala gveli (Telescopus fallax) (TarxniSvili, d., 1996).
Tevzis resursebi: mdinare iorSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebia: kalmaxi
(Salmo fario, Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi, erovnuli statusimowyvladi) da Wanari (Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwaldi) (elaniZe, r., 1988). cxrilSi
83
5-15 mocemulia mdinare iorSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodebi:
cxrili 5-15. mdinare iorSi gavrcelebuli Tevzis saxeobebis gamravlebis
periodi
saxeoba
gamravlebis periodi
kalmaxi
Wanari
aprili-agvisto
84
5.4 socioekonomika
am nawilSi saqarTvelo socialur-ekonomikur WrilSia warmodgenilia; aseve,
saTiTaod aris daxasiaTebuli is Svidi adgili, sadac mcire hesebis
reabilitaciis/gaumjobesebis proeqti unda ganxorcieldes da is sami adgili,
sadac adgilobrivi mosaxlebisTvis bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis sistemebis
damontaJeba/gafarToeba aris dagegmili. qvemoT warmodgenil socialurekonomikur mxaresTan dakavSirebuli sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi
mocemulia nawilSi, romelic zemoqmedebas exeba. aRniSnuli adgilebi
mocemulia cxrilSi 5-16.
cxrili 5-16. mcire hes-ebis da bunebrivi gazis proeqtebis obieqtebi
Mmcire hesis sadgurebi
bunebrivi gazis
sazogadoeba
abhesi
lopota
kalauri
Zama
maWaxela
xidisTavi
kabali
fSaveli
sarTiCala
kaxareTi
soflebis mokle daxasiaTebaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia socialurekonomikur pirobebze, romelmac SesaZloa zemoqmedeba ganicados
SeTavazebuli saqmianobis Sedegad, anu ganisazRvros vis moutans sargeblobas
es programa da rogor? daxasiaTebebi Seicavs monacemebs mosaxleobis
raodenobis, sivrculi ganawilebis (dasaxlebis), eTnikuri Semadgenlobis,
miwis moxmarebis, Semosavlebis, dasaqmebisa da arsebuli socialuri
infrastruqturis Sesaxeb.
5.4.1. qveynis mimoxilva
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis saerTo raodenoba 4.37
milionze mets Seadgens. 2002w Catarebuli aRweris Tanaxmad, 1989w Semodgomaze
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, mosaxleobis raodenoba 20%-iT Semcirda,
rac Semdegi mizezebiT aris ganpirobebuli 1) migracia da 2) Sobadobis kleba.
saqarTvelo mravalerovani qveyanaa, sadac 80-ze meti erovnebis warmomadgeneli
cxovrobs. saqarTvelos mTeli mosaxleobis oTxmocda oTx procents (84%)
qarTvelebi Seadgenen, xolo danarCeni Semdeg eTnikur jgufebze nawildeba:
azerbaijanelebi - 7%, somxebi - 6%, rusebi 2% da osebi – 1%. saqarTveloSi
aseve sxva eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi cxovroben; eseni arian: berZnebi,
ukrainelebi, iezidebi, qistebi da afxazebi 1
saqarTveloSi aris 54 saqalaqo centri, 44 naxevrad-qalaqis tipis dasaxleba
da 3 668 sofeli. mosaxleobis gavrceleba sofelsa da qalaqs Soris Tanabaria:
55.4% cxovrobs qalaqSi, xolo 44.6% - soflad. mTliani mosaxleobis erTi
meoTxedi (1 081 000) dedaqalaqSi, q.TbilisSi cxovrobs. ocda rva (28) sofeli
“did” soflad iTvleba, anu iq 5000-ze meti mosaxle cxovrobs (pirveli
1
am daxasiaTebisTvis sxvadasxva monacemTa wyaro iqna moZiebuli. sruli CamonaTvali
am angariSis SeniSvnebis Sesabamis ganyofilebaSia warmodgenili.
85
erovnuli aRwera, t.1 Tbilisi, 2003; saqarTvelos ojaxebi, ekonomika da
statistika, Tbilisi, 2005w).
miwis gamoyeneba: saqarTvelos ukavia daaxloebiT 69 700 km2. miwis
mesakuTreebis mier moxmarebuli miwis raodenoba Seadgens 886 766 ha-s; maT
Soris 65,2 % kerZo miwaa, 33,4 % ijariT aris aRebuli saxelmwifosgan, xolo
1,4 % ijariT aris aRebuli kerZo pirebisgan. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis
raodenoba sul 839 709 ha-s Seadgens; maT Soris aris saxnavi miwebi (472 120),
mudmivi saTesi miwebi (100 215ha), daculi miwebi (311 heqtari) da mudmivi
saZovrebi da mdeloebi (267 062 heqtari). mudmivi saTesi miwebia: venaxebi (37 419),
xexilis baRebi (36 988), kenkrovnebi (735 heqtari), citrusis plantaciebi (8 715),
Cais plantaciebi (11 524) da sxva mudmivi mosavlis miwebi (4 833) (saqarTvelos
soflis meurneoba 2004).
saqarTveloSi msxvilfexa rqosani saqonlis raodenoba 19 milions Seadgens,
xolo Sinauri frinvelis raodenoba 9,5 milionia. aseve qveyanaSi aris cxvari,
Txa (23 060), Rori da sxva Sinauri cxoveli. mefutkreoba sakmaod
gavrcelebuli dargia da saqarTveloSi daaxloebiTY 840 000 ska futkaria
(saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba, 2004w).
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: ekonomikis dacemam da sisxlianma konfliqtebma didi
roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos mosaxleobis gaRaribebaSi. eqspertebis monacemebiT,
mosaxleobis naxevarze meti “Raribad” aris miCneuli an siRaribis zRvris
dabla cxovrobs. cxrilSi 5-17 warmodgenilia monacemebi siRaribis donis
Sesaxeb mTlianad qveyanaSi, da im raionebSi, sadac programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis xelovnur modelSi CarTuli Temebia dasaxlebuli.
unda aRiniSnos, rom TemTa umravlesoba, romelzec orientirebulia
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba, siRaribis saSualo erovnul zRvars
zeviT aris.
cxrili 5-17. siRaribis Sedareba
adgilmdebareoba
siRaribis areali
erovnuli
52.0%
abhesi (samegrelo)
53.5%
Zama (Sida qarTli)
55.3%
kabali (kaxeTi)
62.4%
kaxareTi (samcxe-javaxeTi)
55.9%
lopota (kaxeTi)
62.4%
maCaxela (aWara)
63.2
fSaveli (kaxeTi)
62.4%
kalauri (kaxeT)
62.4%
xidisTavi (guria)
50.9%
sarTiWala (qvemo qarTli)
76.0%
wyaro: saqarTvelos ojaxebi, ekonomikuri da statistikuri gamokvlevebi, Tbilisi, 2005
86
TiTqmis 40%-mde Rarib ojaxebSi arc erTi wevri ar muSaobs, xolo ojaxebis
45%-Si erT wevrs aqvs xelfasi da or an met ojaxis wevrs arCens (sakuTari
Tavis CaTvliT). qveyanaSi umuSevrobis done 15,3%-ia, Tumca es done qalaqebSi
ufro maRalia, vidre soflad (Sesabamisad 28,0% da 5,7%). rac Seexeba
dasaqmebis saxeobas, sul dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis 66% “TviTdasaqmebazea”.
xolo rac Seexeba dasaqmebis sferos, dasaqmebul pirTa 54% dasaqmebulia
soflis meurneobis, satyeo da TevzWeris sferoebSi; 11% vaWrobiT da saojaxo
teqnikis SekeTebiT aris dakavebuli, 7,5% dasaqmebulia ganaTlebis sistemaSi
da mxolod 5% - mrewvelobaSi (saqarTvelos ojaxebi, ekonomika da statistika,
Tbilisi, 2005w).
2004w saSualo Tviuri Semosavali erT ojaxze 151$-s Seadgenda (saqarTvelos
ojaxebi, ekonomika da statistika, Tbilisi, 2005w).
socialuri infrastruqtura: eleqtroenergia gaaCnia mTliani mosaxleobis
99,6%-s; mosaxleobis erT meoTxedze naklebi (21,5%) centraluri
gamanawilebeli sistemiT miwodebul bunebriv airs iyenebs. soflad es
maCvenebeli Zalze dabalia da 3,5%-s Seadgens. Seadgenda (saqarTvelos
ojaxebi, ekonomika da statistika, Tbilisi, 2005w).
5.4.2 abhesi
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: inCxuris Temi (sakrebulo), sadac mcire hesi
mdebareobs, sami soflisgan Sedgeba: didi inCxuri, patara inCxuri da lebaCe.
TemSi 588 ojaxi da 1 761 sulia; 1989 wlidan mosaxleoba 4%-iT Semcirda.
(inuri xelaia, inCxuris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
mosaxleoba qarTvelebisgan Sedgeba da megrul lingvistur jgufs miekuTvneba.
inCxuris TemSi erTi osuri ojaxi da 75 iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli mosaxle
cxovrobs. (inuri xelaia, inCxuris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
miwis moxmareba: Temis mier moxmarebuli miwa 1 220 heqtars Seadgens; maT Soris
920 heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo (saxnavi miwebi Seadgens 300 heqtars, Cais
plantaciebi 30 heqtaria, xexilis baRebi 15 heqtaria da venaxebi – Svidi
heqtari) miwebs ukavia, xolo saZovrebi 568 heqtars Seadgens; miwebis danarCeni
nawili tyeebiTa da buCqebiT aris dafaruli. (inuri xelaia, inCxuris
sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
Tems gaaCnia daaxloebiT 1 000 suli msxvilfexa rqosani saqoneli da kameCi,
4 500 Sianuri frinveli, 905 Rori, 212 cxvari da Txa da 70 sxva Sinauri
cxovelia.
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: mosaxleobis umetesoba TviTdasaqmebazea da
ZiriTadad sasoflo sameurneo produqtebis gayidvaze arian orientirebulni.
TemSi mxolod 113 pirs gaaCnia xelfasi, romelTagan cxra dasaqmebulia mcire
hesSi. (inuri xelaia, inCxuris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
socialuri infrastruqtura: TemSi funqcionirebs oTxi skola, erTi
ambulatoriuli klinika da erTi biblioTeka.
UEDC-i Temis adgilobriv mosaxleobas eleqtroenergiiT amaragebs. bunebrivi
airis centraluri gamanawilebeli sistema TemSi ar arsebobs. gaTbobis mTavar
wyaros SeSa warmoadgens.
daaxloebiT 200-mde ojaxs aqvs centraluri
danarCenebi mdinaris an Wis wyals moixmaren.
wylis
miwodebis
sistema;
Sida gzebis saerTo sigrZe 28 km-ia. aqedan sami kilometria mokirwyluli
(moasfaltebuli), magram cud mdgomareobaSia. danarCeni nawili ar aris
moasfaltebuli. (inuri xelaia, inCxuris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
87
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: kexijvris Temi ganlagebulia mdinare Zamas
axloblad da sami soflisgan Sedgeba – kexijvari, vedreba da sanebeli.
amJamad TemSi daregistrirebulia daaxloebiT 480 ojaxi. mudmivi mosaxle
daaxloebiT 1 508 suls Seadgens. 1989w mTliani sakrebulos (rva soflis)
mosaxleoba 2 206 sulia. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww:
kexijvris Temi, 2004w).
mosaxleobis 90%-s qarTvelebi Seadgenen. maT Soris aris 120 ojaxi, romelic
aWaris mewyersaSiSi raionebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilda ekologiuli pirobebis
gamo. am ojaxebis umetesoba musulmania. mosaxleobis danarCen nawils Seadgens
osebi (150 suli), somxebi (5) da azrbaijanelebi (10). (Temis ganviTarebis
strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww: kexijvris Temi, 2004w).
zafxulis TveebSi aq adgili aqvs sezonur migracias da adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis ricxvi 300-400 adamianiT izrdeba, romlebic aq dasasveneblad
Camodian. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww: kexijvris Temi,
2004w).
miwis gamoyeneba: Temis ZiriTadi saqmianoba mebaReoba da mecxoveleobaa.
sofels gaaCnia 100 heqtari saTibi miwa da 150 heqtari saZovrebi. saxnavi miwebi
800 heqtars Seadgens, xolo vaSlis baRebs 510 heqtari ukavia. miwebis danarCeni
nawili vazis, xexilis da marcvlovani kulturebisTvis gamoiyeneba. saxnavi
miwebis samoci procenti sarwyavi arxebiT irwyveba. (Temis ganviTarebis
ZiriTadi Sinauri cxoveli mewveli msxviolfexa rqosani saqonelia
(daaxloebiT 870 erTeuli). cxvari da Txa meorexarisxovania (daaxloebiT 200
erTeuli). Rorebi (450) da Sinauri frinvelebi ojaxs sakuTari moxmarebisTvis
yavs moSenebuli da ara komerciuli miznisTvis. mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri
saqmianobaa mefutkreoba; Tumca amJamad mxolod 500 ska arsebobs. (Temis
ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww: kexijvris Temi, 2004w).
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: adgilobrivi mosaxleobis umravlesobas kerZo
fermebi aqvs. mosaxleobis oTxmocdaaTi procenti Semosavals vaSlis da
pamidvris moyvaniT iRebs. daaxloebiT 150 adamiania dasaqmebuli arafermerul
biznesSi; isini adgilobriv samrewvelo firmebSi, saxelmwifo samsaxurSi an
vaWrobis sferoSi muSaoben. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww:
adgilobrivi mrewvelobis da gadamuSavebis seqtorSi Sedis erTi fqvilis
wisqvili, romelic mosaxleobis moTxovnas ver akmayofilebs, da ori xe-tyis
saxerxi qarxana sakuTari xis da liTonis damamuSavebeli saamqroebiT. aseve
funqcionirebs erTi limonaTis Camosasxmeli qarxana. TemSi mravladaa
saTburebi, Tumca amJamad ar funqcionirebs, vinaidan bunebrivi airis Seyvana
cota xnis win moxda. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww:
rac Seexeba sacalo vaWrobas, aq sami maRazia funqcionirebs, sadac saojaxo
saqoneli iyideba. TiToeul samezobloSi aris jixurebi, sadac erTi da igive
saqoneli iyideba. aq erTi avtogasamarTi sadguria. (Temis ganviTarebis
socialuri infrastruqtura: Tems gaaCnia erTi sabavSvo baRi, sami saSualo
skola da “kulturis saxli”, sadac amJamad sareabilitacio samuSaoebi
mimdinareobs. sofels agreTve gaaCnia ambulatoriuli klinika, biblioTeka da
stadioni. kerZo sportul kompleqsSi samSeneblo samuSaoebi mimdinareobs;
kompleqsSi aris sacurao auzi, romlic mSenebloba ukve damTavrebulia.
88
raionis centrSi mimavali gzebi SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSia, Tumca
asfaltis safari, romelic adre daigo, bevrgan dazianebulia da aseTi
adgilebi xreSiT aris dafaruli.
kexijvari cudad maragdeba eleqtroenergiiT, romelic mas UEDC – s qarelis
gamanawilebeli sistemidan miewodeba; amitom eleqtroenergiis infrastruqtura
kapitalur SekeTebas saWiroebs. alternatiuli energiis wyaroa SeSa, navTi da
Txevadi gazi. Tems gaaCnia bunebrivi airis centralizebuli milsadeni.
sasmeli wylis centralizebuli sistema ar arsebobs. kexijvari wyliT,
sasmeli wyliT individualuri Webidan maragdeba. arsebobs wyalsadeni milebis
sistema, Tumca eleqtroenergiis Seferxebuli miwodebis gamo igi araefeqturad
muSaobs. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009ww: kexijvris Temi,
2004w
5.4.4 kabali
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: kabalis Temi (sakrebulo) Semdegi soflebisgan
Sedgeba: kabali, yarajala, uzunTala da ganja. amJamad TemSi 3 289 ojaxi da
10 797 sulia registrirebuli, rac 12%-iT metia 1989w maCvenebelTan SedarebiT.
mosaxleobis TiTqmis 100% azerbaijaneli musulmania. garda amisa, TemSi
cxovrobs eqvsi rusi, ori qarTveli, ori leki da erTi somexi (jemal
almazovi, kabalis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
miwis gamoyeneba: sul Temis mier moxmarebuli miwis raodenoba Seadgens 1 373
heqtars. aqedan, 47% kerZo sakuTrebaa, 1 633 heqtari saxnavi miwaa da 153 ha
saZovrebs ukavia. Tems gaaCnia 4 293 msxvili rqosani saqoneli, 14 972 suli
cxcari, Txa da cxvari da 17 110 Sinauri rinveli. (jemal almazovi, kablis
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: mosaxleobis 2% muSaobs sabiujeto organizaciebSi
da gaaCnia xelfasi, 47% TviTdasaqmebazea da sasoflo sameurneo produqciiT
vaWroben. saSualo Tviuri Semosavali erT ojaxze 25$-s Seadgens. (jemal
almazovi, kablis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
socialuri infrastruqtura: TemSi erTi sabavSvo baRi da xuTi skolaa.
kaxeTis sadistribucio kompania eleqtroenergiiT amaragebs adgilobriv
mosaxleobas. zafxulSic da zamTarSic Tems eleqtroenergia Seuferxeblad
miewodeba. adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis alternatiuli energiis wyaroa navTi,
sanTeli da energo generatorebi. Tems ar gaaCnia gazis centralizebuli
miwodebis sistema. (jemal almazovi, kablis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
TemSi aseve ar arsebobs centraluri wyalmomaragebis sistema da ojaxi
damokidebulia adgilobriv Waze, saidanac isini wyliT maragdebian. (jemal
almazovi, kablis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
gzebis sigrZe 80 kilometrs Seadgens; maT Soris Svidi kilometri
mokirwylulia (moasfaltebulia) magram dazianebulia. danarCen nawilze
asfalti ar aris dagebuli. (jemal almazovi, kablis sakrebulos
Tavmjdomare).
5.4.5 kalauri
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: kalauris sakrebulo (Temi) mxolod kalauris
sofels moicavs. Temi 1 211 ojaxisgan anu 2 976 sulisgan Sedgeba, rac 6%-iT
metia 1989w maCveneblebTan SedarebiT. (nikoloz doxnaZe, kalauris sakrebulos
Tavmjdomare).
Temis mosaxleobis 100% qarTveli marTlmadidebelia.
89
miwis gamoyeneba: Tems ukavia 1 072 heqtari sasoflo sameurneo miwa, romelSic
Sedis venaxi (400 ha), xexilis baRebi (400 ha), saxnavi miwa (200 ha) da saZovrebi
(72 ha). sasoflo sameurneo miwis daaxloebiT 99% kerZoa. (nikoloz doxnaZe,
kalauris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
Tems gaaCnia 380 suli msxvili rqosani saqoneli da kameCi, 1 200 erTeuli
cxvari, Txa, Rori da sxva Sinauri cxoveli; 2 000 erTeuli Sinauri frinveli.
(nikoloz doxnaZe, kalauris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare)
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 7%-s gaaCnia xelfasi. didi
umravlesoba TviTdasaqmebazea da sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebiT vaWrobs.
saSualo Tviuri Semosavali erT ojaxze 75$-sSeadgens. (nikoloz doxnaZe,
kalauris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare)
socialuri infrastruqtura: TemSi ori sabavSvo baRi, erTi skola, erTi
samedicino punqti, erTi fosta da Svidi saTburia.
rvaas (800) ojaxs gaaCnia centaluri gazi; Tumca, amJamad gazis milsadeni ar
funqcionirebs da saWiroebs reabilitacias.
Tems gaaCnia centraluri wyalmomaragebis sistema.
mTavari gzis sigrZe 10 kilometria; aqedan 2,9 km mokirwylulia
(moasfaltebulia). Sida gzebis sigrZe sul 10 km-ia da mxolod 2,5 km aris
mokirwyluli. (nikoloz doxnaZe, kalauris sakrebulos Tavmjdomare)
5.4.6 kaxareTi
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: kaxareTis Temi lelovanis sakrebulos nawilia,
romelSic Sedis sofeli kaxareTi da kidev oTxi sofeli. sakrebuloSi Sedis
344 ojaxi da 1 243 suli. (giorgi gigaSvili, lelovanis sakrebulos
Tavmjdomare).
adgilobivi mosaxleobis 100% qarTvelebi arian, romelTac sxvadasxva
religiuri mrwamsi gaaCniaT. mosaxleobis ormoci procenti musulmania aJaris
raionidan. (giorgi gigaSvili, lelovanis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
miwis gamoyeneba: sakrebulos gaaCnia 338 ha saxnavi miwa, romelic irwyveba; 191,9
ha mindori da 29,1 ha xexilis baRebi. Teqvsmeti heqtari ijariT aris aRebuli
saxelmwifosgan.
sakrebulos hyavs 924 Tavi msxvilfexa rqosani saqoneli da 250 Sinauri
frinveli.
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: eqvsas ormocdarva (648) adamiani dasaqmebulia
soflis meurneobis seqtorSi, xolo 60 adamiani arasasoflo sameurneo
biznesiT aris dakavebulia. garda amisa, adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis samuSao
adgilebs uzrunvelyofs xe-tyis saxerxi cxra saamqro (giorgi gigaSvili,
lelovanis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
saSualo wliuri Semosavali erT sul mosaxleze Seadgens 300-400$-s. (giorgi
gigaSvili, lelovanis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
socialuri infrastruqtura: Tems gaaCnia xuTi skola, erTi sabavSvo baRi da
erTi ambulatoriuli klinika.
energodistribuciis centris adigenis servis centri Tems eleqtroenergiiT
amaragebs. eleqtroenergia zafxulSic da zamTris periodSic Seuferxeblad
miewodeba. energiis alternatiuli wyaro adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis aris
SeSa, navTi, sanTeli da energo generatorebi. Tems ar gaaCnia centraluri
gazgamanawilebeli sistema. (giorgi gigaSvili, lelovanis sakrebulos
Tavmjdomare).
90
wyalmomarageba wyaroebidan xdeba.
sakrebulo 12 km-iani mTavari gza da 25 km-iani Sida gzebi kveTs. arcerTi
maTgani ar aris mokirwyluli. (giorgi gigaSvili, lelovanis sakrebulos
Tavmjdomare).
5.4.7 xidisTavi
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: xidisTavis sakrebulo (Temi) eqvsi soflisgan
Sedgeba, romelSic Sedis 618 mudmivi ojaxi da 1 873 suli; es maCvenebeli 16%iT naklebia 1989wlis monacemebTan SedarebiT.
mosaxleobis 99%-ze meti qarTvelia. araqarTvel mosaxleobas miekuTvneba oTxi
somexi, ori rusi da erTi ebraeli sakrebuloSi. (Tengo gudavaZe, xidisTavis
miwis gamoyeneba: xidisTavis sakrebulos mier moxmarebuli miwis saerTo
farTobi Seadgns 3 115 heqtars. aqedan 45,5% sakuTari miwaa, xolo danarCeni
ekuTvnis saxelmwifos. sasoflo-sameurneo miwa 1 138, 8 ha-s Seadgens. amaSi
Sedis saxnavi miwebi (295ha), mudmivi samosavlo miwebi, rogoricaa venaxi,
xexilis baRebi, Cais da citrusis plantaciebi (275ha) da droebiTi saZovrebi
da mindvrebi (567ha) (Tengo gudavaZe, xidisTavis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
Tems gaaCnia 618 msxvilfexa rqosani saqoneli, 316 cxvari, Txa, Rori da cxeni
da 4 117 Sinauri frinveli. (Tengo gudavaZe, xidisTavis sakrebulos
Tavmjdomare).
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: mosaxleobis umravlesoba soflis meurneobis
produqtebiT vaWrobs. mxolod 86 adamiani aris dasaqmebuli sabiujeto
dawesebulebebSi, minimaluri Tviuri Semosavali erT ojaxze 30$ -s Seadgens.
(Tengo gudavaZe, xidisTavis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
socialuri infrastruqtura: Tems gaaCnia erTi sabavSvo baRi, ori skola, ori
jandacvis samsaxuri da oTxi sxva centri.
Tems eleqtroenergia Seuferxeblad miewodeba energodistribuciis centridan.
alternatiuli energiis wyaroad SeSas gamoiyeneben. centraluri
gazgamanawilebeli sistema ar arsebobs. (Tengo gudavaZe, xidisTavis
mTavari gza, romelic sakrebulos raionis centrTan akavSirebs, 6 kilometris
sigrZisaa. gza mokirwylulia (moasfaltebulia) da karg mdgomareobaSia. Sida
gzebis sigrZe 20 km-ia da ar aris mokirwyluli.
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: nafareulis TemSi (sakrebuloSi) 1 458 ojaxi da 3
490 adamiani Sedis, rac 1989w maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 5%-iT naklebia.
mosaxleobis umravlesoba (90%) qarTvelia. TemSi cxovroben agreTve somxebi
(4%) da azerbaijanelebi (6%). (lado sxirtlaZe, lopotis mcire hesis
mflobeli).
miwis gamoyeneba: Tems gaaCnia 1 317 ha saxnavi miwa, 289 ha venaxi, 12 ha xexilis
baRebi da 83 ha saZovrebi. ormocda Teqvsmeti (56) heqtari arasasoflosameurneo daniSnulebis miwaa. mTliani miwebis 47,6% kerZo sakuTrebaa. (lado
sxirtlaZe, lopotis mcire hesis mflobeli).
Semosavali da infrastruqtura: mosaxleobis 10%-s gaaCnia xelfasi. oTxmoci
procenti (80%) TviTdasaqmebazea da ZiriTadad sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis
vaWrobas misdeven. saSualo Tviuri Semosavali erT ojaxze 25$-s Seadgens.
(lado sxirtlaZe, lopotis mcire hesis mflobeli).
91
socialuri infrastruqtura: Tems gaaCnia erTi skola, ori samedicino
dawesebuleba da erTi kulturuli dawesebuleba.
kaxeTis sadistribucio kompania adgilobriv mosaxleobas eleqtroenergiiT
amaragebs. denis miwodeba SeferxebiT xdeba da ar arsebobs bunebrivi airis
qseli. energiis alternatiuli wyaroa navTi da generatori.
sakrebuloSi aris wylis centraluri sistema.
mTavari gzis sigrZe, romelic sakrebulos raionis centrTan akavSirebs, eqvsi
kilometria da mokirwylulia (moasfaltebulia), Tumca seriozulad aris
dazianebuli. sakrebuloSi Semavali gzebis sigrZe sul 50 km-ia da ar aris
mokirwyluli. (lado sxirtlaZe, lopotis mcire hesis mflobeli).
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: maWaxelas sakrebulo 10 soflisgan Sedgeba, sadac
669 ojaxi da 3 269 suli cxovrobs. mosaxleobis umravlesoba musulmania.
(alioSa kaxiZe, maWaxelas sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
miwis gamoyeneba: xelvaCauris raionSi moxmarebuli miwis saerTo farTi sul 5
113 heqtars Seadgens. aqedan 92% kerZo sakuTrebaa, xolo 7,1% saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaa. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa sul 4 540 ha-s Seadgens;
aqedan, 1 518 ha saxnavi miwaa, 2 978ha mudmivi saTesi miwebia, erTi heqtari
daculi miwaa, xolo 44 ha mudmivi saZovrebi da mindvrebia. mudmiv saTes miwebs
Seadgens: citrusis plantaciebi (2 629 ha), venaxi (3 ha), xexilis baRebi (37ha) da
kenkrovani (2 ha). (alioSa kaxiZe, maWaxelas sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
xelvaCauris raionSi daaxloebiT 24 400 Tavi msxvili rqosani saqoneli, 1 800
cxvari da Txa aris.
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: Temis absoluturi umravlesoba TviTdasaqmebazea da
ZiriTadad sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobas misdevs. orasi adamiani iRebs
xelfass; aqedan, 15 mcire HhesSia dasaqmebuli.
socialuri infrastruqtura: TemSi aris ori sasauzme, erTi jixuri da xuTi
sasursaTo maRazia. Tems gaaCnia 10 saSualo skola, sami sasoflo klubi, erTi
biblioTeka da erTi muzeumi. erTi ambulatoriuli klinika mSeneblobis
procesSia. (alioSa kaxiZe, maWaxelas sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
Tems eleqtroenergiis miwodebis ori wyaro gaaCnia: 1) hidro eleqtro sadguri
(pirdapiri miwodeba) da 2) aWaris energo kompania. Tems gazis miwodebis sistema
ar gaaCnia. energiis alternatiuli wyaroa navTi, SeSa, benzini da generatori.
sasmeli wylis centraluri sistema TemSi ar arsebobs. mosaxleobis umetesoba
wyaros wyals iyenebs. (alioSa kaxiZe, maWaxelas sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
Tems kveTs gza, romelic mTavari adgilobrivi arteriaa da 40 km sigrZisaa.
soflis Sida gzebis sigrZe 20 km-s Seadgens. gzebi ar aris mokirwyluli.
5.4.10 fSaveli
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba:L fSavelis TemSi sami sofeli Sedis – fSaveli,
lalisyuri da leCuri. TemSi registrirebulia 1 052 ojaxi da 2 888 mudmivi
macxovrebeli, rac 4%-iT naklebia 1989w maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. (Temis
ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009: fSavelis Temi, 2004). yvela
adgilobrivi mosaxle qarTvelia da qarTuli orTodoqsuli religiis
aRmsarebelni arian.
92
miwis gamoyeneba: ZiriTadi saqmianobaa mecxoveleoba da marcvleuli
kulturebis moyvana. fSavelis Temis mier moxmarebuli miwis saerTo farTobi 2
041 heqtars Seadgens. sasoflo-sameurneo miwa Seadgens 2 029 heqtars da masSi
Sedis saxnavi miwa (1 570 ha), venaxi (268 ha), xexilis baRebi (35 ha) da mudmivi
saZovrebi (156 ha). (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009: fSavelis
Temi, 2004). msxvili rqosani saqonlis saerTo raodenoba 5 000-s Seadgens.
piradi moxmarebisTvis mosaxleobas aseve moSenebuli hyavs Rori da Sinauri
frinveli. sofelSi 100-mde futkris ska arsebobs. (Temis ganviTarebis
strategiuli gegma 2004-2009: fSavelis Temi, 2004).
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: mosaxleoba ZiriTadad sasoflo-sameurneo
saqmianobiT aris dakavebuli. ojaxis Semosavali sasoflo-sameurneo
produqtebis vaWrobiT Semoifargleba. “horizontis” mier momzadebuli
angariSis mixedviT, saSualo wliuri Semosavali erT ojaxze 550-650$ Seadgens.
mTeli fuladi Semosavali yoveldRiuri moxmarebis miznebisTvis ixarjeba.
saSualo wliuri danaxarji TemSi 450-dan 600$ mde meryeobs.
mosaxleobis ormocda TxuTmeri procenti adgilobriv biznesSi aris CarTuli;
dasaqmebulni arian xe-tyis saxerx saamqroebSi, sacalo vaWrobis maRaziebSi da
jixurebSi. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegma 2004-2009: fSavelis Temi,
2004).
socialuri infrastruqtura: sofels gaaCnia sami skola, ori kulturis saxli
da erTi ambulatoriuli klinika.
erTaderTi mwarmoeblebi, romlebic regionSi funqcionireben aris ori
adgilobrivi da italiur-qarTuli erToblivi xe-tyis saxerxi saamqro.
fSavels eleqtroenergias awvdis kaxeTis sadistribucio kompania.
eleqtroenergia Tems arastabilurad miewodeba. bunebrivi airis
gamanawilebeli sistema fSavelSi ar arsebobs. saTbobi energiis
alternatiuli wyaroa SeSa da Txevadi gazi. (Temis ganviTarebis strategiuli
gegma 2004-2009: fSavelis Temi, 2004).
sasmeli wylis sistema karg mdgomareobaSia da yvela ojaxs miewodeba wyali,
Tumca saTao kvanZi da milebi mcire SekeTebas saWiroebs.
mTavari gzebi am teritoriaze mokirwylulia (moasfaltebulia) da karg
mdgomareobaSia. fSavelis Sida gzebi qviT aris dafaruli.
5.4.11 sarTiWala
mosaxleoba da dasaxleba: sarTiWala warmoadgens Tems, romelSic 2,942 ojaxi
da 6,979 adamiani Sedis. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis samocdaori procenti (62%)
qarTvelia da 38% azerbaijaneli. garda amisa, aqvea afxazeTidan
ltolvilTa 100 ojaxi. 1989 wlis aRweris mixedviT, am TemSi 10,118 mosaxle
iyo, anu 35%-iT meti dRevandelTan SedarebiT. (koba moxeviSvili, sarTiWalis
miwis gamoyeneba: TemSi gamoyenebuli miwebis saerTo farTobi 7,174 ha Seadgens,
aqedan 32% kerZo sakuTrebaSia. danarCeni saxelmwifos ekuTvnis. sasoflosameurneo miwebi 5,469 ha aqedan 2,838 ha saxnavi miwaa, 260 ha ki mudmivi
samosavlo miwebi (magaliTad venaxi xexilis baRebi) da, 2,371 mudmivi saZovrebi
da mindvrebi. (koba moxeviSvili, sarTiWalis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
sakrebulos 2,095 Tavi msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi, 2,515 Tavi cxvari, Txa,
cxeni da Rori da Sinauri frinveli gaaCnia (koba moxeviSvili, sarTiWalis
Semosavali da dasaqmeba: sakrebulos mosaxleobis samocdaeqvsi procenti
(66%) dasqamebulad iTvleba. umetesoba CarTulia soflis meurneobaSi da
93
orientirebulia soflis meurneobis produqtebis gayidvaze an
TviTdasaqmebulia. qvemo qarTlis siRaribis indikatorebi yvelaze maRalia
qveynis masStabiT (koba moxeviSvili, sarTiWalis sakrebulos Tavmjdomare).
socialuri infrsatruqtura: sofelSi xuTi saSualo skola, sami sabavSvo
baRi da ambulatoriaa (amerikuli organizaciis mier reabilitirebuli)
sofels eleqtroenergiiT energodistribuciis centri amaragebs. energo
miwodeba SeferxebiT xdeba. soflis eleqtrosistema cud teqnikur
mdgomareobaSia, rac agreTve iwvevs problemebs eleqtro momaragebaSi.
sofels ar gaaCnia bunebrivi gazi, Tumca, adgilobrivi da adgilobrivi
raionuli xelisuflebis daxmarebiT, S.p.s. sarTiWala gazi axorcielebs 15 kmiani bunebrivi gazis milsadenis reabilitacias da soflis qseli centralur
sistemas uaxloes momavalSi SeuerTdeba. energiis alternatiuli wyaroebia
SeSa da navTi.
sasmeli wylis sistema cud mdgomareobaSia da mosaxleobas SezRudulad
emsaxureba.
5.5 kulturuli resursebi
es nawili warmoaCens informacias saqarTvelos kulturul resursebze,
rogorc zogadad, aseve TiToeulze im Svidi adgilidan, romelic mcire hesebis reabilitaciisa da gaumjobesebisaTvis SeirCa da sam adglze, romlebic
adgilobriv sazogadoebriv jgufebSi bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis
damontaJebisa an gafarToebisTvis SeirCa. aq warmodgenili profilebi
istoriul an preistoriul resursebze da kulturul da eTnikur resursebze
axdens koncentrirebas.
suraTi 5-1.
kulturis obieqtebi saqarTveloSi
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5.5.1 qveynis mimoxilva
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: saqarTvelo mdidari kulturuli
memkvidreobis mqone qveyanaa. samxreT saqarTveloSi napovni adreuli adaminis
Zvlebi ori milioni wlisaa. saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenilia sxvadasxva
kulturis antikuri obieqtebi, samarxebi da dasaxlebebi, romelTa asaki
paleoliTuri xanidan iwyeba.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: saqarTvelom qristianoba C.w. me-4
saukuneSi miiRo. im droidan moyolebuli qveyanaSi aqtiurad Sendeboda
eklesiebi, praqtikulad yvela sofelSi, sul mcire, erTi marTlmadidebluri
eklesia arsebobs. eklesiebi mdidari formebiT, dekoraciebiTa da freskebiT
xasiaTdeba. aseve igeboda araqarTuli orTodoqsuli salocavebi, rogoricaa
sinagogebi, somxuri eklesiebi da meCeTebi.
saqarTveloSi aseve mravlad aris fortifikaciuli nagebobebi. yvelaze
adreuli sanaxebi e.w. “ciklopuri” nagebobebia da maTi daTariReba gviani
brinjaos/adreuli rkinis xanidan iwyeba. fortifikaciuli nagebobebis
umetesoba Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba. am monumentebis umetesoba nangrevebis
saxiT aris SemorCenili; miuxedavad amisa, isini istoriul da arqiteqturul
Zeglebad aris miCneuli da kanoniT daculia
5.5.2 abhesi
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: proeqtis saerTo arealSi ramdenime
istoriuli dasaxlebaa, maT Soris: ofucxole/nadarbazevi, namancxvaru da
nojixevi. aqedan pirvel adgilas napovnia Tixis nakeTobaTa nawilebi.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: ofucxole/nadarbazevSi aRmoCenilia
nangrevebi. Mmcire hes-is adgilis Crdilo-aRmosavleTSi aris namancxvarud
wodebuli adgili, sadac eklesiis nangrevebis naxva SeiZleba. mcire hes-is
CrdiloeTiT adamianis mier gakeTebuli gamoqvabulebia. mcire hes-is
teritoriaze aris nojixevad wodebuli adgili, rac megrulad “cixis adgils”
niSnavs.
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: soflis samxreTiT 800 m-is
daSorebiT arqeologiuri sanaxia. am adgils ukuRma saydari ewodeba da Sua
saukuneebiT TariRdeba. Aam adgilas eklesiisa da sxva nagebobebis nangrevebia,
sadac keramikuli nawarmi iqna aRmoCenili.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: Zveli sasaflaos teritoriaze me-15
saukuniT daTariRebuli wm giorgis eklesiaa aSenebuli.
5.5.4 kabali
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: soflis ganapiras ori borcvia, zeda
dombatapa da qveda dombataba, romlebic Tavis droze preistoriuli
dasaxlebebi iyo. am borcvebze keramikuli nawarmi iqna aRmoCenili. kabalis da
uzunTalas sazRvarze, Tambaqos plantaciebSi, keramika da obsidianebi iqna
napovni. soflis sxvadasxva nawilSi Aantikuri qoTnebisa da keramikis
namsxvrevebi iqna aRmoCenili.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: sofelSi Sua saukuneebiT daTariRebuli
qarvasla arsebobs. uzunTalasa da kabalis sazRvarze Sua saukuneebis
eklesiis nangrevebia. uzunTalas siaxloves Zveli sasaflaoa eklesiis
nangrevebiT. mcire hes-idan daaxloebiT 500 m-is moSorebiT, xurmaled cnobil
adgilas, Sua saukuneebis dasaxleba aRmoCnda. am adgilas eklesiis nangrevebi
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iqna aRmoCenili. mcire hes-is zemoT tyeSi aRmoCenilia Sua saukuneebis
nangrevebi. ganjalis mimarTulebiT rva-aT kilometrze lakisxevis xeobis
saRvarze aRmoCenilia cixis nangrevebi
5.5.5 kalauri
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: kalaurSi preistoriuli sanaxebi ar
aris aRmoCenili. istoriuli sanaxebi qvemoT aris aRwerili:
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: gomboris qedis Crdilo kalTaze
soflidan sami km daSorebiT kalauris samonastro kompleqsia. monasteri
galavniT aris Semortymuli. centrSi wm. ioane naTlismcemlis eklesia dgas,
romelic me-6 saukuneSia agebuli. eklesiis garSemo mimofantulia sxvadasxva
nagebobaTa nangrevebi; zogierTi maTgani sakmaod didi zomisaa. eklesiis
dasavleTiT me-10 saukunis sasaxlea, romelic adgilobriv Tavads ekuTvnoda.
soflis samxreTiT erT da erTnaxevar kilometr manZilze Zvel sasaflaosTan
me-9 saukuneSi agebuli wm. giorgis eklesiaa. damxmare nagebobebi da samreklo
me-16 da me-17 saukuneebs ganekuTvneba. eklesia kedlebiT iyo Semortymuli,
magram mxolod dasavleTis kedeli iqna SemorCenili. eklesia 1873 w. iqna
restavrirebuli, rogorc es warwerebidan Cans. interieri me-16 saukuneSi
Sesrulebuli freskebiT iyo dafaruli, Tumca mxolod fragmentebiRa SemorCa.
aRmoCenilia, agreTve, Zveli qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebic. soflis
samxreTiT ori kilometris manZilze tyeSi me-8 saukunis eklesiaa, romelsac
kordomians uwodeben. eklesia unikaluri arqiteqturuli formisaa. samyinauris
eklesia soflis samxreT dasavleTiT tyeSi aris ganlagebuli. eklesia me-7
saukuniT TariRdeba. me-18 saukuneSi xeobis marcxena napirze soflis samxreTdasavleTiT koSki iqna agebuli. koSkis garSemo, SeimCneva sxvadasxva nagebobis
nangrevebi. soflis samxreT-dasavleTiT erTi da erTnaxevari kilometris
daSorebiT gviani Sua saukuneebis mTavarangelozis eklesia dgas. Eeklesia,
TiTqmis, mTlianad dangreulia. eklesiis garSemo galavnis nangrevebia. soflis
samxreT-dasavleTiT, xeobis marjvena napirze gviani Sua saukuneebiT
daTariRebuli wm.ninos eklesia dgas.
5.5.6 kaxareTi
istoriuli an preistoriuli
antikuri nawarmi aRmoCnda.
resursebi:
meCeTis
adgilze
romauli
xanis
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: sofel kaxareTis centrSi meCeTi dgas.
meCeTi, nawilobriv, Sua saukuneebis qarTuli eklesiis qvebiT aris agebuli
5.5.7 xidisTavi
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: ar aris cnobili gansakuTrebuli
aRniSvnis Rirsi resursebi
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: soflis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT sami
kilometris daSorebiT, zenobanad wodebul borcvze SeiniSneba eklesiis
nangrevebi. Semonaxuli kedlebi oTxidan xuT metramde simaRlisaa.
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi:
ar aris cnobili gansakuTrebuli
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: mdinare alaznis marcxena napirze me-18
saukuniT daTariRebuli didi cixesimagrea ganlagebuli. me-19 saukunisaTvis
cixesimagre aRar gamoiyeneboda da mas sacxovrebeli daniSnuleba hqonda.
kedlebi qvis samtexlod gamoiyeneboda. soflis CrdiloeTiT erTi kilometris
manZilze ganlagebulia samebis eklesia, romelic adreuli Sua saukuneebiT
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TariRdeba. dasavleT fasadze amokveTilia moCuqurTmebuli jvari da mamakacis
figura. soflis samxreTiT sasaflaoze me-18 saukunis RvTismSoblis eklesia
dgas. Ggviani Sua saukuneebis (me-15 dan me-18 saukunemde) Tamar mefis
samlocvelo soflidan sami kilometris manZilze, mdinaris marjvena napirze,
venaxebis bolos aris ganlagebuli. samlocvelo Zalian dazianebulia.
venaxebis meore boloSi laSarad wodebuli meore samlocvelos nangrevebia.
Tavdapirvelad is agebuli iyo da gamoiyeneboda, rogorc Rvinis sawyobi,
magram gvian Sua saukuneebSi samlocvelod gadakeTda.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: sofel gvaraSi ganlagebul mcire hes-is
adgilidan CrdiloeTiT sami kilometris manZilze mdebareobs sabWoTa
periodSi restavrirebuli cixesimagre. cixesimagre Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba.
5.5.10 fSaveli
istoriuli an preistoriuli resursebi: Telavis raionis sofeli fSaveli
pirvelad me-17 saukunis werilobiT wyaroebSia moxsenebuli. soflis
teritoria faravs Sua saukuneebis yofil dasaxlebebs iulTas, zemo iulTas,
devTubansa da zvarels. Temi mdidaria arqeologiuri sanaxebiT da am Temisa
da adgilis itoriuli memkvidreobis Sesaswavlad arqeologiuri kvlevis
saWiroeba arsebobs.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: mdinare CiCayva-wylis viwro xeobaSi
mdebare soflidan oTxi kilometris moSorebiT koxta RvTismSoblis
arqiteqturuli kompleqsi mdebareobs. es galavanSemortymuli monasteri
ramdenime struqturisgan Sedgeba, maT Sorisaa me-8 saukuniT daTariRebuli
eklesia dikonikoniT da portikiT. sxva struqturebi moicavs me-10 saukuniT
daTariRebul Crdilo samlocvelosa da dasavleT ambulatorias da me-16
saukunis mcire zomis eklesias da palatebs. aqvea sworkuTxovani sacxovrisis
nakvalevi, romelic nangrevebis saxiTaa SemorCenili. monasteri galavniT aris
Semortymuli.
soflidan xuTi kilometris moSorebiT, borcvis wverze sagrZnoblad
dazianebuli eklesiaa. eklesia Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba. soflis CrdilodasavleTiT oTxidan xuTi kilometris manZilze, fSaveli-leCuris gzis
gaswvriv, borcvis ferdobze zvarelis wm. giorgis -1 eklesiaa, romelic
svaraudod adreuli Sua saukuneebisa unda iyos. soflis CrdiloeTiT oTxi
kilometris manZilze zvarelis wm.giorgis-2 eklesia mdebareobs. dasavleTis
fasadi moCuqurTmebulia. SeimCneva bolnuri jvari, wmindanebis dazianebuli
qandakeba da sicocxlis xe. soflis CrdiloeTiT erTnaxevari kilometris
manZilze xeobaSi mdebareobs gviani Sua saukuneebiT daTariRebuli eklesia
samlocveloTi. soflis CrdiloeTiT samasi metris manZilze, gzis marcxena
mxares Sua saukuneebis koSkis nangrevebia. sasaflaoze, soflis samxreTiT
RvTismSoblis eklesiaa, romelsac samxreTiT samlocvelo aqvs. eklesiis
aRmosavleT da dasavleT kedlebze freskebis fragmentebia SemorCenili.
eklesia gviani Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba da moCuqurTmebuli eqsterieriT
xasiaTdeba. fSavelsa da lalisyurs Soris mdebare borcvze wyarosTavis wm.
giorgis eklesia mdebareobs, romelic kargad aris Semonaxuli. imave borcvze
Talis cixesimagre da ivane maxaroblis eklesiaa ganlagebuli. sofelSi
koSkebis safortifikacio galavani arsebobs. cixesimagre, romelic me-18
saukuniT TariRdeba Zalian dazianebulia. me-19 saukuneSi galavnis SigniT
eklesia da samreklo koSki aigo. da bolos, SuaubanSi RvTismSoblis eklesia
da iulTas zemoT tyeSi ormocTa eklesia mdebareobs.
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aRniSvnis Rirsia, agreTve, is faqti, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, romelic
saqarTvelos mTianeTidan Camosaxlda, aseve Tayvans scems tradiciul
salocavebs, rogoricaa kopala da jamniani.
5.5.11 sarTiWala
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi: sarTiWalas centrSi mdebare kinoTeatri,
Tavdapirvelad aigo, rogorc germanuli eklesia kirxa me-19 saukuneSi. Senoba
kinoTeatrad 1950-ian wlebSi gadakeTda. soflis sasaflaoze dgas
RvTismSoblis eklesia, romelic me-18 saukuniT TariRdeba.
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6. zemoqmedeba garemoze
es qveTavi Pkoncentrirebulia im potenciur da mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebaze,
romelic dakavSirebulia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programasTan.
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebi or ZiriTad jgufad iyofa:
• zemoqmedebebi, romelTaTvisac dadgenilia Sesabamisi Serbilebisa da
monitoringis qmedebaTa mTeli jgufi: es zemoqmedebebi mimarTulia
Sesabamisi Serbilebisa da monitoringis qmedebaTa garkveuli jgufis
dadgenisaken. Sedegad, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba exmareba
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programas am zemoqmedebebis
monitoringisa da SerbilebisTvis aucilebeli protokolebis dagegmvaSi.
es protokolebi gansazRvrulia me-7 qveTavSi da migviTiTebs Sesabamis
nabijebs, Tu rogor unda iqnas ganxorcielebuli energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa swrafi tempiT da amave dros daculi iyos
garemosdacviTi Sesabamisoba.
•
potenciuri zemoqmedebis mqone proeqtebi, romelic moiTxovs Semdgom
kvlevas: programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba ar azustebs am
proeqtisTvis Sesabamisi Serbilebisa da monitoringis qmedebaTa rigs,
magram moiTxovs damatebiT gamokvlevas (SesaZloa damatebiTi
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis formiT). unda aRiniSnos, rom damatebiTi
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba mimarTulia mxolod im potenciuri
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebisken, romlebic moiTxovs Semdgom Seswavlas
winaswar SerCeul adgilze; amaSi ar igulisxmeba yvela mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba. sxva mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebis sakiTxs Tavis Tavze
aiRebs programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi gansazRvruli Sesabamisi
Serbilebisa da monitoringis RonisZiebebi. am mxriv, programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba uzrunvelyofs, energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis mimarTvas garemosdacviT sakiTxebze, romelic
moiTxovs Semdgom yuradRebas, raTa daculi iyos garemosdacviTi
Sesabamisoba.
garemos Sefasebis meTodologia, romelsac iyenebs programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis jgufi mcire zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurisa da bunebriv gazTan
mimarTebaSi, moyvanilia qvemoT. amas mohyveba im gavlenebis damdgeni analizi,
romelic tipiuria da SeiZleba warmoiqmnas proeqtis ganxorcielebis dros,
aseve konkretuli adgilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli zemoqmedeba, romelic
dadgenil iqna jgufis mier gamokvleuli 10 adgilidan ramdenimeze.
zemoqmedebis analizis organizeba xorcieldeba garemos kategoriebis an
disciplinebis mixedviT da Seicavs: geologias da niadagebs, wylis resursebs,
biologiur resursebs, sazogadoebriv keTildReobas (socialur-ekonomikuri
sakiTxebi, jandacvas / Sromis higienas da usafrTxoebas da kulturul
resursebs.
6.1. meTodologia: garemosdacviTi skriningi
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi nagulisxmevia oTxi
tipis investireba (mcire zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebi, TemebSi bunebrivi
gazis ganawilebis sistemebi, ganaxlebadi energiis /energoefeqturobis mcire
masStabiani proeqtebi da resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmis
SesamuSaveblad gamoyofili grantebi). programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufis mier ganisazRvra rom investirebaTa am oTxive tipisTvis programul
garemosdacviT SefasebaSi saWiro iyo Sefasebis sxvadasxva done, rac
dakavSirebulia proeqtis masStabebSi, saWiro resursebSi, SesaZlo gavlenis
zomebsa da farglebSi gansxvavebebTan da USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s arsebul
99
gamocdilebasTan saqarTveloSi msgavsi proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi.
erTobliobaSi am faqtorebma ubiZga programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufs analitikuri yuradRebis koncentracia upirvelesad moexdina mcire
hidroeleqtro sadgurebis SemoTavazebul proeqtebze, rasac moyveboda
bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis proeqtebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s ukve ganxorcielebuli aqvs saqarTveloSi orive
tipis proeqti, rac sasargeblo precedents qmnis SesaZlo zemoqmedebis da misi
Sesabamisi Serbilebis da monitoringis gansazRvrisaTvis. ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis proeqtebi da resursebis integrirebuli marTvis
gegmis SemuSaveba aseve Sefasebuli iyo potenciuri zemoqmedebis moxdenis
TvalsazrisiT, Tumca maTi SesaZlo uaryofiTi gavlena dabalia. mniSvnelovani
gavlena am proeqtebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad mosalodneli araa. Tumca
saukeTeso menejmentis Tanmimdevruli gamocdileba da sxva Sesabamisi
protokolebi CarTulia 7-e qveTavSi saWiroebisamebr gamosayeneblad, rodesac
es proeqtebi da gegmebi ganxorcieldeba.
skopingis fazis dros, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi muSaobda
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis teqnikur personalTan, raTa
SeerCiaT 10 sanimuSo adgili (mcire zomis hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtidan
7 kandidati mcire hes-i da savaraudod 3 Temi bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis
programis investiciebidan), daaxloebiT 40 potenciuri adgilmdebareobidan,
sadac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa.
nimuSad aRebul am 10 adgils axasiaTebs daaxloebiT igive pirobebi, rac
SeiZleba Segvxvdes mTlianad aRebul 40 adgilze. es modeli SemuSavebuli iyo
ise, raTa is sakmarisad Seesabamebodes garemos im konkretul movlenebs,
romlic SeiZleba warmoiqmnas (danarTi a). SemuSavebuli modeli mxedvelobaSi
iRebs energetikis ganviTareba soflad programisTvis damaxasiaTebel
adgilobriv Tvisebebs, romelic dakavSirebulia potenciur garemosa da
socialur-ekonomikur gavlenasTan. modelis gansazRvrebaSi Sedis: 1)
mosaxleoba, romelsac unda gaewios momsaxureba, 2) proeqtis Sesabamisi
samSeneblo samuSaoebis sidide, 3) Sesaswavl adgilTan mdebare miwis nakveTi,
4) siaxlove da garemo kulturul resursebTan, 5) mdinaris dinebis moculoba
da nakadi 6) sawarmos energosimZlavre, gamosuli wylis odenoba da sakiTxi Tu
rogor SeiZleba wylis mimarTulebis Secvla 2
6.11. mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma Seiswavla da Caatara Sesabamisi
analizi im saeqsperimento adgilebze, sadac savaraudod unda Catardes
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa. Catarda Semdegi samuSaoebi, raTa
daedginaT proeqtis potenciuri zemoqmedebebi da maTi mniSvnelobis done, aseve
Seswavlil iqna potenciuri proeqtebis sxvadasxva kategoriebi:
etapi pirveli: gundma daadgina is saqmianoba, rac unda ganxorcieldes
rogorc proeqtis erT-erTi nawili. am dadgenil saqmianobaSi Sedis samSeneblo
samuSaoebi da operireba da eqspluatacia da aseve Sesabamisi sistemebis da
nagebobebis saremonto samuSaoebi.
etapi meore: gundma daadgina is saerTo da specifikuri garemosdacviTi
sakiTxebi, romelic dakavSirebulia am saqmianobasTan. garemosdacviT
sakiTxebSi Sedis geologia da niadagebi, wylis resursebi, biologiuri
2
mexuTe da meeqvse punqtebi miesadageba mxolod mcire hes-ebis proeqtebs.
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resursebi, socioekonomikuri sakiTxebi, jandacva/Sromis higiena da
usafrTxoeba.
etapi mesame: gundma SeimuSava garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizi, romelic
ganixilavs SeTavazebuli proeqtis samuSaoebis yvela im aspeqts, romelmac
SesaZloa garemoze zegavlena moaxdinos. skrininguli analizi specialurad
Seiqmna mcire hes-ebisa da bunebrivi airis proeqtebisTvis, romelic SesaZloa
ganxorcieldes energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis xelmZRvanelobiT.
SerCevis analizi uzrunvelyofs bazas, romelic adgens da dokumenturad
adasturebs im specifikuri adgilis Sesaxeb sabazo informacias da potenciur
zemoqmedebas garemoze, romelic gamowveulia yoveli calkeuli proeqtiT. es
analizebi Semowmda da gadaixeda specialistTa kompleqsuri jgufis mier
proeqtis skoupingis fazaSi da Sevida danarTSi b erT-erTi Semadgeneli
nawilis saxiT.
etapi oTxi: gundis wevrebma, romlebic sxvadasxva disciplinis specialistebs
warmoadgenen, daaTvalieres samuSaoebisTvis SerCeuli adgilebi, raTa
SeefasebinaT isini garemosdacviTi adgilis skrininguli analizis saSualebiT,
romelic specialurad SeimuSaves SemoTavazebuli investiciebisTvis.
etapi xuTi: im Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, romelic Segrovebul iqna adgilis
daTvalierebis Semdeg sxvadasxva disciplinebis specialistebis mier da aseve
sxva xelmisawvdomi monacemebidan da dokumentebidan, romelic specialurad
iqna Sedgenili programuli garemosadcviTi SefasebisTvis, gundma daadgina
garemoze zemoqmedeba (sasargeblo da negatiuri) yoveli Semdegi
kategoriisaTvis (wyali, biologia da a.S), romelic programuli
garemosadacviTi SefasebisTvis aris gankuTvnili. gundma 3 kategoriad dayo
garemoze zegavlena, romelic dadgenil iqna garemos SerCevis analizis
saSualebiT: 1) negatiuri da mniSvnelovani, 2) negatiuri, magram umniSvnelo da
3) pozitiuri. mniSvnelovani zegavlenebi gansazRvrul iqna garemos yoveli
kategoriisaTvis, romelsac Seiswavlis@ programuli garemosadacviT
SefasebaSi kategoria “mniSvnelovnobis” Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebi
moiTxovs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs (ganxilulia me-7 qveTavSi). da piriqiT, is
zemoqmedebebi, romlebmac “mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriebis mixedviT ver miaRwies
mniSvnelovnobis dadgenil dones, ar moiTxovs aranairi Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas; amitom es kategoria ar iyo dadgenili. moxda
pozitiuri zemoqmedebis aRniSvnac.
sazogadod, kritikuli faqtorebi, romlebic xels uwyobs mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebis aRmoCenas programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis mier
moicavs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
gansazRvrul teritoriaze gadaSenebis piras myofi resursebi
(flora/fauna)
gauwyloebis/dinebis Sefardeba;
mdinaris kalapotis tipi.
axali infrastruqtuli mSenebloba
samSeneblo samuSaoebis xangrZlivoba
samSeneblo samuSaoebis masStabi (kaSxali, sadawneo milsadgomi, arxi)
operirebis statusi; da
mosaxleobasTan siaxlove.
sabolood, garemosdacviT skriningul analizsa da SerCeul adgilebze
dakvirvebis Catarebaze dayrdnobiT, gundma gansazRvra is RonisZiebebi da
mdgomareoba, romelsac mihyavs ucnob, magram potenciurad mniSvnelovani
proporciebis negatiur zemoqmedebamde. gundma gansazRvra, rom aseTi
zemoqmedeba moiTxovs damatebiT Seswavlas da gvirCevs am SemTvevaSi
101
damatebiTi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis Catarebas. is adgilebi, romelic
moiTxovs damatebiT garemosdacviT Sefasebas unda iyos: (1) axali samSeneblo
adgilebi, sadac arsebul situaciaze (binadrebze) da sxva resursebze
ganxorcieldeba garkveuli zemoqmedeba, (2) gadaSenebis piras myofi resursebi,
romlebzec zemoqmedebas moaxdens mocemuli proeqti da (3) adgilebi, sadac
SeimCneva mdinaris eqstremaluri dineba, romelsac aseve Tan axlavs
potenciuri geologiuri safrTxe da sxva.
6.1.2. bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebeli sistemebi
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufis mizani, Seefasebina
SemoTavazebuli bunebrivi airis ganawilebis sistemiT gamowveuli potenciuri
zegavlena, SedarebiT advilad iqna miRweuli, radgan am sakiTxSi
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s ukve gaaCnda gamocdileba, romelic
iTvaliswinebda winaswari Serbilebisa da monitiringis RonisZiebebs. wina
gamocdilebaSi igulisxmeba 15km-iani bunebrivi airis ganawilebis qseli,
romelic Seiqmna kexijvrisaTvis aR. saqarTveloSi da 25 kilometriani qseli,
romlis mSeneblobac axla sruldeba lixaurSi, das. saqarTveloSi; orive
qselis mSenebloba mimdinareobs saqarTvelos energetikuli usafrTxoebis
(GESI) iniciativis proeqtis xelmZRvanelobiT, romelsac afinansebs USAID/
kavkasia/saqarTvelo. Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi
orive proeqtisaTvis SeimuSava GESI proeqtis momsaxure personalma (zogi
maTgani muSaobs programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufSi) da damtkicda
USAID evropisa da evraziis biuros garemosdacviTi oficrisa da USAID
kavkasiis regionuli misiis garemosdacviTo oficris mier. am codniTa da
gamocdilebiT aRWurvilma programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma
gamoiyena es Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi, raTa
srulad aeTvisebina Serbilebisa da monitoringis saqmianoba, romelic
gaTvaliswinebulia im adgilebisTvis, sadac unda ganxorcieldes bunebrivi
airis ganawilebis proeqti da imarTeba soflad energetikis ganviTarebis
programis mier. damatebiT, rogorc SemoTavazebuli protokolis nawili,
romelic imarTeba energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis mier garemosTan
Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma
SeimuSava garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizi, romelic ganxorcieldeba
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis xelmZRvanelobiT (danarTi b). es
analizi analogiuria im analizisa, romelic SeimuSaves mciremasStabiani
hidro-eleqtrosadgurebisTvis, magram morgebulia bunebrivi airis ganawilebis
sistemebis samSeneblo samuSaoebze da mis operirebasTan dakavSirebul
pirobebTn.
6.1.3. ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis proeqtebi
ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis mciremasStabiani proeqtebi,
romlebic inergeba energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
xelmZRvanelobiT, savaraudod moaxdens mcire an saerTod ar moaxdenen
pirdapir negatiur zemoqmedebas garemoze. aqedan gamomdinare, programiT
gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianoba warimarTeba mTeli rigi specialuri RonisZiebis
an saukeTeso marTvis praqtikis Sesabamisad, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia
Sesabamisi mosalodneli saqmianobisTvis, mag. biogazis sistematizatori
moiTxovs yuradRebas, raTa miwis nakeliT gapativebisas ar moxdes
axlomdebare mdinaris totis dabinZureba, xolo skolebis ganiavebis dros
SesaZloa saWiro iyos sxva RonisZiebebis Catareba. nebismieri konkretuli
proeqtisaTvis saukeTeso marTvis praqtikis danergva moxdeba garemosdacviTi
skriningis gziT, romelic ganxorcieldeba programis yoveli SemoTavazebuli
proeqtisaTvis. saukeTeso praqtika, romelic dadgenilia programis yoveli
Sesabamisi proeqtisaTvis gansazRvrulia danarT G-Si.
102
es procedura msgavsia im mimdinare procedurisa, romelic gamoyenebulia GHFsTvis, rogorc samSeneblo saqmianobis nawili GFII-is xelmZRvanelobiT.
6.1.4. resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmis
SesamuSaveblad gamoyofili grantebi.
is saqmianobebi, romelic finansirdeba resursebis integrirebuli marTvis
gegmis SesamuSaveblad gamoyofili grantebiT da uzrunvelyofilia energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis mier, aumjobesebs SeSis moxmarebas, xels
uwyobs tyis gaSenebas da wyalgamyofis restavracias, ZiriTadad garemoze
sasargeblo zemoqmedebas axdens. es RonisZiebebi savaraudod axdenen mcire an
saerTod ar axdenen negatiur zemoqmedebas garemoze, aqedan gamomdinare
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis am qveTavSi ar aris Setanili am
proeqtebis ganxorcielebis dros garemoze zemoqmedebis detaluri Sefaseba.
araswori teqnikuri proeqtis an proeqtis arasaTanado ganxorcielebisas
negatiuri zemoqmedebis Tavidan acilebis uzrunvelsayofad am
RonisZiebebisTvis SemuSavebuli iqneba Sesabamisi protokolebi da/an marTvis
saukeTeso praqtika. es praqtika warmoadgens programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis jgufisTis SemuSavebuli praqtikis (danarTi g) da USAID-is im
praqtikis kombinacias, romelic warmoadgens garemosdacviT saxelmZRvanelos
Serbilebis sakiTxebSi im tipis saqmianobisaTvis, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia
mocemuli grantebiT.
103
6.2. geologia da niadagi
am TavSi aRwerilia garemoze ganxorcielebuli potenciuri Sedegebi, romelic
mohyveba energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis ganxorcielebas
geologiaze da farTo geografiul zonaSi arsebul niadagebze. am qveTavSi
aRwerili potenciuri zemoqmedebebi warmoadgens zemoqmedebaTa mTel rigs,
romelic SeiZleba warmoiqmnas mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis da
bunebrivi gazis proeqtebis ganxorcielebisas.
6.2.1. “mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumebi
“mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumi, romelic gamoiyeneba zegavlenis donis
dasadgenad, emyareba Sesaswavli zonis resursebis Seswavlas da SemdgomSi
ganisazRvreba rogorc zegavlenis intensiuroba (umniSvnelo, mcire, saSualo,
didi). “mniSvnelibis” kriteriumebi ganisazRvreba Semdegnairad:
1. niadagis seismuri rxeva, adamianebze da/an struqturebze
zemoqmedebis safrTxe.
potenciuri mavne
umniSvnelo - iwyeba TiTqmis SeumCneveli donidan umniSvnelod SesamCnev
donemde, romelsac TiTqmis ara aqvs araviTari zemoqmedeba an Seaqvs
odnav SesamCnevi cvlilebebi mcire geografiul farTobze. (1ha naklebi
teritoria).
mniSvnelovani - Sedegebi iqneba sakmaod mkafio, ris Sedegadac moxdeba
garemos fizikuri maxasiaTeblebis cvla da/an arsebiTi mavne zemoqmedeba,
rogoricaa zarali an sikvdilic ki.
2. niadagis erozia an niadagis Sris dakargva proeqtis samSeneblo samuSaoebis
an operaciebis Catarebis Sedegad
umniSvnelo - niadagze moqmedebis done iwyeba odnav SesamCnevidan
SesamCnevamde da zemoqmedeba niadagis produqtiulobasa da
nayofierebaze SezRudulia.
mniSvnelovania - zemoqmedeba niadagis produqtiulobaze an
nayofierebaze sakmaod aSkaraa da am zemoqmedebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios
niadagis fizikuri maCveneblebis mniSvnelovani cvlileba sakmaod did
farTobze an mraval adgilas.
6.22. mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi
Seswavlis periodSi, regionaluri geologiuri pirobebi da geologiuri
safrTxe Sefasebuli iqna xelmisawvdomi literaturis gamoyenebiT. yvela is
regioni, sadac unda ganxorcieldes mcire hes-is proeqtebi mdebareobs aqtiur
seismur zonaSi. Seswavlil regionebSi seismuroba icvleba 6-dan 9-mde MKS
skalis Sesabamisad.
6.2.2.1. mSenebloba
geologiuri safrTxe: kvlevebi, romelic Seexeba seismur sakiTxebs da masTan
dakavSirebuli literatura mimoxilul iqna yvela im regionisTvis, sadac
igegmeba mcire hes-ebis proeqtebi. garda amisa, proeqtis dizainis SemuSavebis
etapze damatebiTi informaciis uzrunvelsayofad xorcieldeboda geologiuri
sakiTxebis Seswavla (amaSi Sedis niadagis tipi da siZliere, gruntis wylis
done, nakadi da misi mimarTuleba, niadagis Sris simagre da mewyersaSiSroeba).
es Seswavla Seexeba rogorc Sesabamisi dizainis parametrebis ganviTarebas,
aseve adgilis SerCevis sakiTxebs ise, rom sareabilitacio saSualebisaTvis
gansazRvruli proeqtebi ganxorcieldeba im zonaSi, romelic naklebad
ukavSirdeba potenciur mniSvnelovan geo safrTxes. gamonakliss warmoadgens
104
fSavelasa da lopotas midamoebi da is teritoria, sadac unda ganxorcieldes
mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis mSenebloba.
Sesabamisi dagegmarebisa da saproeqto parameterbis SemuSavebis Sedegad mcire
hes-ebis proeqtebis umetesi nawilisTvis ar aris mosalodneli mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba geologuri safrTxis gamo. gamonakliss warmoadgens kabalis da
maWaxelas mcire hes-ebis proeqtebi. kabalis mcire hes-is proeqtebi ganicdis
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas mdinaris adidebis gamo, radgan wyaldidoba
moulodnelad xdeba zafxulsa da Semodgomaze gadauRebeli wvimis an Tovlis
didi odenobiT dnobis gamo. maWaxelas mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis
siaxloves SeimCneva mewyerebi da talaxis Camowola. Sedegad maWaxelas mcire
hidroenergetikis proeqtebi potenciurad eqvemdebareba mniSvnelovan
zegavlenas mewyerisa da/an talaxis Camowolisagan.
niadagi: Seswavlis dros, niadagis yvela tipi Sesabamis regionebSi Sefasebul
iqna saWiro literaturisa da niadagis gamokvlevebis Sesabamisad. niadagi
warmoadgens faseul bunebriv resurss, romelic xels uwyobs mniSvnelovani
mcenareulobisa da cocxali bunebis arsebobas. Sesabamis saeqsperimento
teriotoriaze mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis umravlesobis mniSvnelobisTvis
dagegmilia mcire masStabiani saeqskavacio samuSaoebi. mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebis teqnikuri dazianebisaTvis gansazRvrulia tipiuri miwis
saeqskavacio samuSaoebi, romelic ganxorcieldeba 150-400m3 niadagze avankameris
gansakuTrebuli samuSaoebisaTvis. samSeneblo samuSaoebSi gamoyenebuli iqneba
mcire raodenobis adgilobrivi mdinareebis xreSi, cementis danamatis saxiT,
aseve samSeneblo xreSisa da qviSis narevi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
saeqskavacio samuSaoebi ganxorcieldes SedarebiT mcire farTobze da
SezRuduli xangrZlivobiT xeliT, mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis adgilebze
naklebad savaraudoa mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba. aqedan gamomdinare,
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebebis jgufma daaskvna rom, mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebisas mosalodnelia mxolod umniSvnelo
lokaluri zemoqmedeba (niadagze).
6.2.2.2. operireba
geologiuri safrTxe: naklebad savaraudoa nebismieri mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebis arseboba, romelic gamowveulia geo-riskebis gamomuSaobis
Catarebisas Sesabamisi adgilis geologiuri Seswavlisa da dagegmvis Sedegad,
rac gaTvaliswinebuli iqna mcire hes-ebis proeqtebisaTvis saproeqto
dazianebis momzadebisas.
niadagi: eqspluataciis fazis dros ar aris mosalodneli araviTari
mniSvnelovani zegavlena. gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod umniSvnelo
moqmedeba, romelic warmoiqmneba avankameris rezervuaris yovelwliuri
gasufTavebisas.
6.2.3. bunebrivi airis gamanawilebeli sistemis proeqtebi
regionaluri gaelogiuri pirobebisa da geologiuri safrTxis Sefaseba
ganxorcielda Sesabamisi xelmisawvdomi literaturis gamoyenebiT. yvela is
regioni, sadac bunebrivi airis proeqtebi unda ganxorcieldes, mdebareobs
aqtiur seismur zonaSi. regionebis seismuroba icvleba 6-dan 8-mde MKS skalis
Sesabamisad.
105
6.2.3.1. mSenebloba
geologiuri safrTxe: bunebrivi airis ganawilebis proeqtebis SezRuduli
zomisa da gavrcelebis Sedegad da radgan maTi mdebareoba savaraudod
ganisazRvreba ganviTarebuli teritoriebis an soflebis SigniT, an mimdebare
teritoriaze, sadac landSafti ukve aTvisebulia da teritoria SadarebiT
vakea, geologiuri safrTxis mxridan araviTari mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba ar
aris mosalodneli.
niadagi: samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebisas, romelic ganxorcieldeba
Sesabamisad mcire farTobis nakveTze, moxdeba miwis mxolod SezRuduli
gamoyeneba. garda amisa, es samuSaoebi ganxorcieldeba im teritoriaze,
romelic ukve aTvisebulia macxovreblebis saqmianobis Sedegad. aqedan
gamomdinare, milsadenebis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba umniSvnelo
iqneba. milsadenebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT anti-koroziuli saRebavi. xsnari
saRebavis SemTxeviTi CamowveTisas SeiZleba moxdes mcire farTobis
dabinZureba. es zemoqmedeba ar aris mniSvnelovani.
6.2.3.2. operireba
geologiuri safrTxe: bunebrivi airis ganawilebis proeqtebis SezRuduli
zomebisa da gavrcelebis Sedegad da maTi mdebareobis gamo im aTvisebul
teritoriaze an sofelSi an mis axlos, sadac lanSafti da teritoria
Sesabamisad vakea, geologiuri safrTxis TvalsazrisiT zemoqmedeba araa.
niadagi: yvela bunebrivi airis proeqti ganxorcieldeba ukve adre aTvisebul
teritoriaze. es teritoriebi ZiriTadad Seadgens aTvisebul adgilebs
(ZiriTadad soflebs) gzebis gaswvriv, mdinareebTan axlos. samuSaoebis
Catarebisas zegavlenebi iqneba uwyveti da lokalizebuli da ZiriTadad
gamowveuli iqneba saremonto samuSaoebis (SeRebva, SekeTeba) gamo. es
zemoqmedeba naklebad mniSvnelovania.
106
6.3. wylis resursebi
es qveTavi Seexeba yvela mniSvnelovan pidapir, arapirdapir da mcire
zemoqmedebas wylis resursebze.
6.3.1. “mniSvnelobis” kriteriumebi
“mniSvnelobis” kriteriumebi, romelic gamoiyeneba wylis resursebze
saproeqto saqmianobidan gamomdinare mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis
gansazRvrebisaTvis Semdegia:
• wylis nebismieri federaluri an saerTaSoriso standartebis an
maCveneblebis darRveva.
• gruntis wylis maragis sagrZnobi Semcireba an mtknari wylis maragSi Careva,
rac gamoiwvevs wylis Semomtani Sris deficits an adgilobrivi mtknari
wylis donis dacemas.
• Sesabamis adgilze an geografiul zonaSi arsebuli drenaJis mniSvnelovani
cvlileba, romelSic Sedis nakadis an mdinaris dinebis cvlileba,
zedapirze wylis nakadis moculobis mniSvnelovani zrda, ramac SeiZleba
gamoiwvios mniSvnelovani erozia, Slamianoba an wyaldidoba.
• zedapirze wylis dinebis warmoqmna an misi warmoqmnisTvis xelSewyoba,
romelic aRemateba sadrenaJo sistemis simZlavres. dabinZurebuli nakadebis
damatebiTi wyaroebis warmoqmna, an wylis xarisxis mniSvnelovani
gauareseba.
• adamianis an struqturebisaTvis mniSvnelovani riskis, zianis an sikvdilis
safrTxis Seqmna, rac gamowveuli iqneba wyaldidobiT, jebiris an dambis
avariuli mdgomareobis gamo.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis dros, gundma gansazRvra da
gaanaliza mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebaTa mTeli rigi, romelic warmoiqmna
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros. es zegavlenebi, romelic aRwerilia qvemoT
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis yoveli komponentisaTvis,
ganisazRvreba rogorc moklevadiani zemoqmedebebi, romelic warmoiqmna
mxolod mokle periodiT an proeqtis romelime nawilSi.
e.i. wina samSeneblo samuSaoebisas, mSeneblobisas, komisiis dros, an
samuSaoebis Catarebisas gansazRvrul etapze. programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebebi wylis resursebTan
dakavSirebiT, rogorc programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis samSeneblo
samuSaoebis dros, aseve bunebrivi airis gamanawilebeli sistemis samSeneblo
samuSaoebis dros, romelic mocemulia 6-1 cxrilSi.
107
cxrili 6-1:
mniSvnelovani zegavlena wylis resursebze
moqmedeba
mSenebloba
Mmcire hesebi
Kkonstruqciis qvemoT dinebis
AsimRvrivis gazrda
Mmdinaris pirvandeli Rirebulebis
Semcireba
Mmdinaris mier eroziis gazrda
KkaSxlis qvemoT dinebis simRvrivis
gazrda
MmomuSaveebis an macxovreblebis
dazianebis an sikvdilis saSisroebis
arideba
Karxis Secvlis Sedegad mdinaris
dinebaSi cvlilebis warmoqmna
xelsawyoebis da infrastruqturis
dazianeba
Bbunebrivi gazis sistemebi
Mmdinaris mier eroziis gazrda
momuSaveebis an mcxovreblebis
dazianebis an sikvdilis saSiSroebis
arideba
zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebis
dabinZureba
6.3.2. mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi
mcire hes-ebis proeqtebi garemoze da adamianis janmrTelobaze savaraudod
ZiriTadad dadebiT grZelvadian zemoqmedebas moaxdens, radgan isini
Seamcireben saTburis airis moculobis gamosamuSaveblad wiaRiseulisagan
miRebuli sawvavis gamoyenebas.
potenciuri pirdapiri, ararpirdapiri da nakrebi zegavlena garemoze SeiZleba
warmoiqmnas samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebis dros. eseni ZiriTadad farTod
cnobili, SezRuduli zemoqmedebebia da maTi Serbilebis RonisZiebebi
naCvenebia am dokumentis me-7 qveTavSi.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programebis xelmZRvanelobiT dagegmili
mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis umravlesoba iqneba saderivacio tipis hesi, sadac ar
iqneba saWiro wylis sacavi da wyali dabrundeba imave mdinareSi dabali
simaRlidan. am tipis mcire hes-ebis proeqtebisTvis ZiriTad sakiTxs
warmoadgens mdinaris nakadi, saidanac amoiReba wyali
hidroeleqtrosadgurisaTvis energiis gamosamuSaveblad, meTodi, romelic
ganapirobebs wylis dabrunebas nakadSi da qvedadinebis zemoqmedebas.
zegavlena ZiriTadad adgilobrivia da SedarebiT advilad Sesafasebeli.
Tumca uamrav nanax proeqtSi, rac ZiriTad monacemebs warmoadgenda
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufisTvis, aris erTi SemTxveva sadac
wyali dagubdeba, umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba iqneba. am tipis hes-is zemoqmedeba
SeiZleba meti iyos saderevacio mdinresTan SedarebiT. am tipis hes-ebTan
dakavSirebuli problemebi igivea rac saderivacio mdinareebsa da guburebTan
dakavSirebuli problemebi; zemoqmedeba garemoze bevrad naklebadaa
lokalizebuli saderivacio mdinareebTan SedarebiT.
108
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundma gaanaliza zemoqmedebebi wylis
resursebis ori ZiriTadi aspeqtisTvis: hidrologia da wylis xarisxi.
hidrologia: ZiriTad mniSvnelovan faqtorebSi, romelic dakavSirebulia
hidrologiasTan da ganxilulia programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufis mier garemos skrininguli analizis dros, Sedis erozia, wyaldidobis
sixSire, nakadis reJimi, gruntis wylis done da daleqva. hidrologiis
sakiTxebi metad mniSvnelovani iqneba operirebis fazis dros da minimaluri
mniSvnelobis mqone samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros.
wylis xarisxi: metad mniSvnelovan faqtorebSi, romelic dakavaSirebulia
wylis xarisxTan da ganxilulia programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufis mier garemos skrininguli analizis dros, Sedis drenaJis mowyoba
samSeneblo samuSaobis dros, eutrofikacia, mZime liTonebis, elementebisa da
nawilebis transportireba, amRvreuloba an myari sxeulebis arseboba wyalSi
da wylis temperatura. wylis xarisxTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ufro
mniSvnelovania samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros; wylis xarisxis cvlileba
moxdeba SedarebiT nela samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros da SedarebiT swrafi
tempebiT samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.
unda aRiniSnos, rom SerCeul adgilze ar iyo warmodgenili yvela faqtori,
da maTi warmodgenis SemTxvevaSic, ar aris savaraudo, rom es faqtorebi
aucilebelad moaxdenen mniSvnelovan zegavlenas garemoze. mag: miuxedavad
imisa, rom mZime liTonebi, zeTebi da samSeneblo masalebi SeiZleba
warmoadgendnen potenciur saSiSroebas samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros, isini
mainc ar axdenen mniSvnelovan zegavlenas. mag.: 1) samSeneblo samuSaoebi
SedarebiT mcirea da lokalizebulia da 2) yvela samSeneblo da saremonto
samuSaoebi ganxorciledeba saukeTeso samSeneblo da marTvis praqtikis
gaTvaliswinebiT, raTa Semcirebuli iyos garemos dabinZureba.
6.3.2.1
mSenebloba
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros, proeqtis RonisZiebebi, romelic iTvaliswinebs
teritoriis mcenareuli safarisagan gawmendas, miwis amoxapvas, karieris
damuSavebas da miwis gamkvrivebas (datkepnas) mZime teqnikis moZraobis Sedegad
gazrdis zedapiris Camowolis dones, gansakuTrebiT niaRvrebis dros.
samSeneblo samuSaoebSi Sedis dabali amqcevi kaSxlis, wyalmimRebi
aRWurvilobis, arxebis, akvedukis, avankameris, sadawneo milsadenis,
eleqtrogadamcemi mowyobilobebis reabilitacia da aRWurvilobis damontaJeba.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi gansazRvravs ramdenime sakiTxs,
romelic samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens
adgilobriv da/an regionalur wylis resursebze. es sakiTxebi da masTan
dakavSirebuli Sedegebi Semdegia:
ZiriTadi samSeneblo saqmianoba: samSeneblo samuSaoebis potenciuri
zegavlena icvleba didi masStabiT, rac damokidebulia samSeneblo samuSaoebis
vadaze da samSeneblo farTobze. es samuSaoebi ZiriTad gavlenas axdenen im
faqtorebze, romelic dakavSirebulia wylis xarisxTan, amRvreulobasTan,
romelic gamowveulia myari sxeulebis koncentraciasTan. ra Tqma unda, iq
sadac ganxorcieldeba wyalsacavebis reabilitacia an mSenebloba, samSeneblo
samuSaoebi imoqmedebs im faqtorebze, romelic dakavSirebulia
hidrologiasTan, mag.: wylis nakadis eroziis gazrda da dasatbori velebis
lokaluri cvlilebebi. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma
gansazRvra Semdegi mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia
Semdeg sakiTxebTan:
109
•
•
amRvreulobis momateba mSeneblobis qvemoT. samSeneblo samuSeobi
moiTxovs eqskavacias, mdinaris kalapotidan miwis, xreSis an qvebis (mag.
jebiris gasakeTeblad) da zog SemTxvevaSi betonis narevis didi
raodenobis amoRebas da /an gadaadgilebas (e.i. didi samSeneblo
samuSaoebis farTi). am samuSaoebis Sedegad SeiZleba warmoiqmnas myari
sxeulebis didi raodenoba wyalSi, rac gazrdis amRvreulobas kaSxlis
qvemoT dinebaSi.
mdinaris nakadis eroziis gazrda. samSeneblo samuSaoebi moiTxovs
eqskavacias, mdinaris kalapotidan miwis, xreSis an qvebis (mag jebiris
gasakeTeblad) da/an guburidan da zog SemTxvevaSi betonis narevis didi
raodenobiT amoRebas da/an gadaadgilebas. (didi samSeneblo farTi). am
samuSaoebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios mdinaris nakadis erozia (e.i., rodesac
amoRebuli miwa arasworadaa dagrovili erT adgilze), ramac SeiZleba
gamoiwvios wyalgasasvlelSi naleqis gazrda da maRali amRvreuloba da
moaxdinos dasatbor velze cvlilebebi.
eqstremaluri/arasaxarbielo klimaturi pirobebi: eqstremaluri/arasaxarbielo
klimaturi pirobebi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan faqtors samSeneblo
samuSaoebis dagegmvis dros; gansakuTrebiT das. saqarTveloSi, sadac
mosalodnelia sastiki wyaldidobebi, rac gamowveulia am regionis maRal
naleqianobasTan. garkveul SemTxvevaSi, samSeneblo samuSaoebi SeiZleba
daemTxvas unaleqo sezonebs, magram amis miRweva SeuZlebeli iqneba soflad
energetikis ganviTarebis programis yovelwliuri gegmebis xasiaTidan
gamomdinare. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra Semdegi
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebebi, romelic dakavSirebulia am sakiTxTan.
•
aRWurvilobisa da infrastruqturis dazianeba. samSeneblo samuSaoebis
dros wyaldidobam SeiZleba daazianos an gaanadguros xis yalibebi,
raSic unda Caisxas betoni, gabionebi da miwayrilebi, aseve nebismieri
danadgari, romelic datboril adgilze an mis axlos aRmoCndeba.
•
muSebis da/an macxovreblebisTvis zaralis an sikvdilis safrTxis
Seqmna. Zlieri wvimebis dros mcire periodSi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas
mcirexniani katastrofuli wyaldidoba, romelic potenciur safrTxes
uqmnis muSebs da/an teritoriebis macxovreblebs. am mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebis erT-erTi TvalsaCino magaliTia mcire hes-is proeqti
maWaxelaSi, sadac maqsimaluri siCqaris mqone nakadma – 300 m3 /w. daaziana
arxi skolis zemoT.
6.3.2.2
operireba
operirebis dros, saproeqto samuSaoebisas, rogoricaa turbinis eqspluatacia,
aRWurvilobis SekeTeba, kaSxlis SekeTeba da wylis kaSxlis mSenebloba
gamoiwvevs wylis dinebis da wyaldidobis reJimis cvlas kaSxlis mimReb
punqtSi da wylis gamosvlis punqtSi. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufma gansazRvra ramdenime sakiTxi, romelic moaxdens mniSvnelovan
zemoqmedebas adgilobriv da/an regionaluri wylis resursebze mcire
hidroeleqtrosadguris proeqtebis eqspluataciis dros. es sakiTxebi da
masTan dakavSirebuli zemoqmedebebi Semdegia:
operirebis ZiriTadi RonisZiebebi: operirebis RonisZiebebis potenciuri
zemoqmedeba icvleba sakmaod didi masStabiT, rac damokidebulia Sesabamis
klimatur pirobebze da mcire hes-ebis proeqtebSi wylis moculobaze. es
RonisZiebebi ZiriTadad moqmedebs im faqtorebze, romelic dakavSirebulia
wylis fizikur maCveneblebTan. ra Tqma unda, iq sadac ganxorcildeba
wyalsacavebis reabilitacia an mSenebloba, lopotas msgavsad, misma
eqspluataciam SesaZloa moaxdinos mcire zegavlena wylis xarisxze, mag.:
110
amRvreuloba, romelic SeiZleba gamoiwvios kaSxlis SekeTebisas wyalSi myari
sxeulebis koncentraciam. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma
gansazRvra Semdegi mniSvnelovani zegavlenebi, romelic dakavSirebulia am
sakiTxTan.
•
mdinaris konservaciuli faseulobis Semcireba. wylis nakadis
mimarTuleba Seicvleba mcire hes-is proeqtebis eqspluataciis dros,
rac mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs wylis moZraobas kaSxlis rabebsa da
wyalgamyvan arxs Soris. am qmedebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios cvlilebebi
(wylis) datborvis sqemaSi da uaryofiTad imoqmedos Tevze mdinaris am
monakveTSi, gansakuTrebiT mSral sezonSi. reabilitaciis Semdeg
SesaZlebeli iqneba wylis meti raodenobis moxvedra mcire
hidroenergetikis proeqtebSi, raTa gamoimuSavos meti eleqtroenergia,
rac ufro gazrdis garemoze potenciur zemoqmedebas.
•
kaSxlis qvemoT dinebis amRvreulobis gazrda. mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis
operireba zrdis kaSxlis qvemoT dinebis amRvreulobas ori ZiriTadi
mizezis gamo: 1) kaSxali iwmindeba danaleqebidan weliwadSi erTxel,
miwa da sxva narCenebi miyveba dinebas. 2) mcire hidroenergetikis
proeqtebSi, sadac kaSxlis mSeneblobis an reabilitaciis Sedegad
warmoiqmneba wyalsacavi an datborili adgilebi (mag.: lopota), SeiZleba
moaxdinos zegavlena wylis xarisxze, radgan datborili adgilebi
amcirebs wylis siCqares da iwvevs naleqis gaCenas rezervuarebSi an
datboril adgilebSi. saremonto samuSaoebi Catardeba regularulad,
rac gazrdis miwisa da narCenebis gamosvlas nakadSi.
•
mdinaris nakadSi cvlilebebis generireba arxis Secvlis gziT.
proeqtebma, romelic iTvaliswinebs kaSxlis srul rekonstruqcias,
SeiZleba moaxdinon mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba mdinaris
geomorfologiaze, rac gamowveulia kaSxlis qvemoT dinebis reJimis
cvlilebiT.
sasargeblo zemoqmedebebi: mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis operirebasTan
dakavSirebulia Semdegi sasargeblo zegavlenebi:
•
wyaldidobis Semcireba axlad garemontebuli kaSxlisa da wylis
mimarTvis farebis saSualebiT. eqstremaluri klimaturi pirobebi
warmoadgens mniSvnelovan gansaxilvel sakiTxs, gansakuTrebiT das.
saqarTveloSi, sadac mosalodnelia potenciuri sastiki wyaldidobebi,
rac gamowveulia am regionis maRali naleqianobiT. kaSxlebis da wylis
rabebis reabilitacia xels Seuwyobs wyaldidobisgan SezRudul dacvas,
romelic miiRweva wylis dinebis daregulirebiT.
•
wylis maragis raodenobis gazrda sxva gamoyenebisTvis. mdinaridan
gadayvanili wyali garda el.energiis gamomuSavebisa SeiZleba gamoiyenoT
sxva miznebisaTvis. mag.: sarwyavad.
6.3.3
bunebrivi airis ganawilebis proeqtebi
bunebrvi airis proeqtebs ZiriTadad gaaCniaT grZelvadiani zemoqmedeba
garemoze, radgan isini amcireben saTburis airebis gamoyenebas ufro sufTa
wiaRiseuli sawvavis gamoyenebiT energiis gamosamuSaveblad. garda amisa,
proeqtebi zemoqmedeben dadebiTad adgilobriv da regionaluri mosaxleobis
janmrTelobasa da biomravalferovnebaze. mosaxleoba SeuerTdeba adgilobrivi
airis milsadenebs da SeZlebs gamoiyenos bunebrivi airi Tavisi saqmianobis
warmarTvisaTvis, saxlebisa da ofisebis gasaTbobad, moamzados sakvebi SeSis,
rogorc sawvavis gamoyenebis gareSe. potenciuri pirdapiri, arapirdapiri da
nakrebi zegavlenebi garemoze SeiZleba warmoiqmnas samSeneblo da sxva
111
samuSaoebis dros. esenia ZiriTadad farTod cnobili, SezRuduli moqmedebis
da maTi Serbilebis zomebi SegiZliaT ixiloT programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis me-7 qveTavSi: “garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da
monitoringis gegmebi”
bunebrivi airis proeqtebis umravlesoba, romelic tardeba energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi ZiriTadad mimarTulia ukve
arsebuli bunebrivi airis qselis reabilitaciaze, magram mas aseve SeuZlia
ganaxorcielos axali bunebrivi airis qselebis mSenebloba. es proeqtebi ori
tipis iqneba: milsadenis damontaJeba miwis qveS da milsadenis damontaJeba
miwis zedapirze. bunebrivi airis proeqtebis ganxorcieleba dakavSirebulia
zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis dabinZurebasa da mdinaris napirebis
eroziasTan, romelic dakavSirebulia samSeneblo samuSaoebTan. es
zemoqmedebebi damaxasiaTebelia mocemuli adgilisaTvis da Sesabamisad advili
Sesafasebelia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Sesabamis adgilebze ar iyo warmodgenili yvela faqtori,
romc yofiliyo, ar aris mosalodneli, rom isini aucileblad moaxdenen
garemoze zemoqmedebas. mag.: miuxedavad imisa, rom savaraudod zogi proeqti
ganxorcieldeba mdinaris napiras da albaT zegavlenas moaxdens wylis
xarisxze, am tipis mcire masStabiani proeqtebi ar moiTxovs mZime
aRWurvilobas da masalebs (mag. amweebi, buldozerebi, ukana niCbiani
eqskavatorebi), amis gamo Semcirebulia nebismieri mavne zemoqmedeba garemoze.
garda amisa, bunebrivi airis
yvela proeqti ganxorcieldeba saukeTeso
menejmentisa da samSeneblo gamocdilebis gatarebiT.
6.3.3.1
mSenebloba
samSeneblo samuSoebma, rogoricaa Txrilebis gakeTeba, amoWra, SeduReba,
SeRebva, milsadenebis damontaJeba, sazomi da usafrTxoebis aRWurvilobis
dayeneba, damxmare (dasayrdeni) saSualebebis Secvla an remonti, SeiZleba
gamoiwvios zedapiruli da gruntis wylis dabinZureba. programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra ramdenime mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba adgilobriv da/an regionaluri wylis resursebze samSeneblo
samuSaoebis dros.
ZiriTadi samSeneblo samuSaoebi: samSeneblo samuSaoebis potenciuri zegavlena
icvleba didi masStabiT adgilmdebareobisa (e.i. mdinaris napiris gaswvriv) da
Carevis donis gaTvaliswinebiT (miwis zedapirze da miwis qveS). programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma daadgina am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli
Semdegi mniSvnelovani zegavlenebi.
•
mdinaris dinebis eroziis gazrda. samSeneblo samuSaoebi moiTxovs
eqskavacias, miwis, xreSis an qvebis moSorebas an gadaadgilebas. Tu es
samuSaoebi tardeba mdinaris napirTan axlos, isini potenciurad
gazrdian mdinaris dinebis erozias, romelic Tavis mxriv gazrdis leqis
gaCenas wylis gasasvlelSi da amRvreulobis dones, moaxdens dasatbori
velis cvlilebebs.
•
zedapiris wylis da gruntis wylis resursebis dabinZureba. milsadens
SesaZloa dasWirdes anti-koroziuli saRebaviT SeRebva, romelmac
SeiZleba gamoiwvios zedapirisa da miwisqveSa wylis dabinZureba im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar moxda misi sworad gamoyeneba. zog SemTxvevaSi
milsadenebi gadakveTen mdinareebs maTze gadebuli xidebis gagrZeleze
da milsadenis SeRebvis dros SeiZleba moxdes saRebavis CamowveTa.
112
6.3.3.2 operireba
bunebrivi airis ZiriTadi saeqspluatacio RonisZiebebi (e.i. eqspluatacia,
saremonto samuSaoebi) ar moaxdenen mniSvnelovan zegavlenas wylis
resursebze. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma daadgina
eqstremaluri, rogorc ZiriTadi gansaxilveli sakiTxi, romelic potenciurad
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas moaxdens adgilobriv doneze.
eqstremaluri/arasaxarbielo klimaturi pirobebi: eqstremaluri/arasaxarbielo
klimaturi pirobebi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan sakiTxs samSeneblo samuSaoebis
dagegmvis dros; gansakuTrebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi, sadac mosalodnelia
potenciuri wyaldidoba, rac gamowveulia am regionis maRali naleqianobiT.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi adgens am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebul Semdeg mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas:
•
muSebisa da/an macxovreblebis dayeneba zianisa da sikvdilis safrTxis
winaSe. Zlier wvimebs mokle periodis ganmavlobaSi SeuZliaT gamoiwvion
wyaldidobebi, romelsac SeuZlia daazianos bunebrivi airis milsadenebi
da gamoiwvios maTi gaJonva, amiT ki safrTxe Seuqmnas mosaxleobas.
113
6.4
biologiuri resursebi
am qve-TavSi aRwerilia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis danergvis
potenciuri garemo Sedegebi biologiur resursebze, romelic gvxvdeba farTo
da mravalferovan geografiul arealSi. rogorc aseTi, am qveTavSi aRwerili
potenciuri zegavlenebi warmoadgenen zegavlenaTa mTel rigs, romelic
SeiZleba warmoiqmnas mcire hidroenergetikis da bunebrivi airis proeqtebis
danergvis Sedegad.
6.4.1. “mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumebi
“mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumebi, romelic gamoiyeneba mcenareuli safarze an
cocxal bunebaze zemoqmedebis donis gansazRvrisaTvis, dafuZnebulia
Sesaswavli farTis resursebis codnasa da zemoqmedebis (umniSvnelo, mcire,
saSualo, didi) intensiurobaze. “mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumebi ganisazRvreba
Semdegnairad:
flora:
umniSvnelo: garkeul zemoqmedebas ganicdis mcenareuli safaris mxolod
mcire farTobi, an saerTod ar ganicdis zemoqmedebas, an mxolod
ramdenime adgilobrivi nargavi SeiZleba daziandes SedarebiT patara
farTobze da mcenareTa saxeobebis mcire raodenoba. endemur da
sensitiur saxeobebze ar ganxorcieldeba araviTari zemoqmedeba.
potenciuri zemoqmedebebi, maTi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, iqneba
mciremasStabiani da arcerTi dacvas daqvemdebarebuli iSviaTi saxeoba
ar daziandeba. es zegavlenebi umniSvnelo an metad mcire iqneba.
mniSvnelovani: adgilobrivma mcenareulma safarma SeiZleba ganicados
zegavlena sakmaod did farTobze an mraval adgilze da es zegavlena
iyos SesamCnevi. nargav saxeobebze SeiZleba ganxorcildes sakmaod didi
zemoqmedeba an mniSvnelovnad daziandnen teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
mcenareebis saxeobebi, romelSic Sedis gadaSenebis piras mdgomi (dacvas
daqvemdebarebuli) mcenareTa saxeobebi. es zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iyos
rogorc pirdapiri (amoZirkva, gaTelva da a.S.), arapirdapiri (saxeobis
modifikacia) an ganxorcieldes nebismier saxeobaze, romelic
aborigenul, iSviaT an gadaSenebis piras myof saxeobebs warmoadgens. es
zegavlenebi moicavs teritorias, romlis farTobi 1 ha-ze naklebi an
metia. zegavlenebis Sefaseba xdeba saSualodan did zemoqmedebamde
maCvenebliT.
fauna
umniSvnelo: zegavlenebi SeiZleba iyos umniSvneloze dabali da
cvlilebebi imdenad susti, rom isini ar gamoiwveven SesamCnev Sedegebs
cocxal saxeobebze (maT Soris akvafauna). Tu gamovlindeba potenciuri
zegavlenebi, isini moklevadiani, mcire masStabis da lokalizebuli
iqneba da gamoiwvevs umniSvnelo Sedegebs. es zemoqmedebebi Sefasdeba,
rogorc umniSvnelodan mciremasStabiani zemoqmedebebi.
mniSvnelovani: faunaze (akvafaunis CaTvliT) zegavlenebis klasifikacia
iwyeba SesamCnevidan, aSkara da farTod gavrcelebulamde, romlis
Sedegebi vrceldeba, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve regionalur zonebze.
mniSvnelovania Careva adgilobrivi an migraciuli Tevzebis an veluri
saxeobebis gadaadgilebaSi an gamravlebis arealis darRveva, romelic
114
iwvevs mniSvnelovan mavne Sedegebs, rogorc pirdapiri, aseve adgilis
modifikaciis saxis, an zegavlenebi nebismier saxeobaze, romelic
xasiaTdeba rogorc adgilobrivi, iSviaTi an gadaSenebis piras myofi. es
zemoqmedebebi xasiaTdeba saSualodan maRal xarisxamde.
pozitiuri: es proeqti miznad isaxavs Carevis donis Semcirebas
adgilobriv mcenareul safarze, romelSic igulisxmeba iSviaTi
saxeobebi da aseve cocxal bunebaze (xmeleTis da wylis saxeobebi).
zegavlenebi SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri (romelic amcirebs wyalsacavebis
sanapiroze arsebul mcenareebze zemoqmedebas wyalididobebis mxridan
da aseve amcirebs zegavlenebs cocxal bunebaze proeqtis swori
dizainis SemuSavebiT) da arapirdapiri, rac amcirebs mcenareul safarze
da cocxal bunebaze zemoqmedebas, romelic gamowveulia tyis gakafviT.
6.4.2. mcire zomis hidroeleqtro sadgurebis proeqtebi
mcire zomis hidroeleqtro sadgurebis proeqtebis ganxorecilebis Sedegad
warmoqmnili zemoqmedeba ganxilulia am qveTavSi
6.4.2.1
mSenebloba
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva biologiuri resursebis qvejgufebze mcire hesebis proeqtebTan dakavSirebuli potenciuri zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva.
esenia: 1) flora da 2) fauna
flora
imis gamo, rom yvela im proeqtisaTvis, romelic xorcieldeba mocemuli
programiT, gaTvaliswinebulia samSeneblo samuSaoebi, Sesabamisad maTi
mxridan zemoqmedeba mcenareul safarze aris didi da farTo.
mcire hes-ebis proeqtebSi mSeneblobis Sedegad gamowveuli zemoqmedeba
icvleba gansazRvruli samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sesabamisad. mcire
hidroenergetikis proeqtebi ar moiTxovs arcerTi wrfivi mowyobilobis,
rogoricaa gzebis, Sesasvlelebis da gadamcemi xazebis mSeneblobas. aqedan
gamomdinare, am samuSaoebisgan ar aris mosalodneli mcenareuli safaris
dazianeba da/an datkepna da ar iqoniebs maTze mniSvnelovan gavlenas. mcire
hidroenergetikis proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebisas SeiZleba
ganadgurdes mdinaris sanapiroze arsebuli mcenareuli safari. farTi,
romelzec SeiZleba ganxorcieldes zegavlena, sakmaod mcirea da SeiZleba
daziandes adgilobriv mcenareTa Zalian mcire raodenoba. aseve araviTar
zegavlenas ar ganicdis sanapiroze arsebuli adgilobriv mcenareTa an
mgrZnobiare, gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebis jgufi
(adgilobrivi, iSviaTi an gadaSenebis piras myofi). aqedan gamomdinare,
sanapiroze arsebul mcenareTa safarze zemoqmedeba ar iqneba mniSvnelovani.
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba ar aris mosalodneli datboril teritoriebzec.
mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis adgilis axlos an mimdebare
teritoriaze ar SeimCneva datborili adgilebi da programac ar iTvaliswinebs
mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis ganxorcilebis adgilebSi potenciur
zemoqmedebas daWaobebul adgilebze.
fSavelisaTvis mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis ganxorcilebisas 10km-iani
energogadamcemi xazis mSenebloba uaryofiTad imoqmedebs auTvisebeli tyis
zonaze. 1 ha-ze naklebi tyis dazianeba moxdeba samSeneblo samuSaoebis
Sedegad, romelic iTvaliswinebs xeebis moWras, mcenareebis gadaTelvas.
zemoqmedebas eqneba saSualo grZelvadiani moqmedeba mcenareebze, aqedan
gamomdinare es zemoqmedeba CaiTvleba, rogorc mniSvnelovani.
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fauna
am qveTavSi mocemulia mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebisgan
gamowveuli potenciuri zegavlenebi cocxal bunebaze (xmeleTis da wylis
binadrebi). rogorc es ganxilul iqna mcenareuli safaris sakiTxis
SemTxvevaSi, samSeneblo samuSaoebi warmoadgenen am programis
xelmZRvanelobiT danergili yvela proeqtis nawils. aqedan gamomdinare
potenciuri zemoqmedeba cocxal bunebaze aris Cveuli da farTomasStabiani da
amitom damaxasiaTebelia programis mcire hes-ebis proeqtisaTvis.
mSeneblobisTvis SerCeuli adgilis doneze adgilobrivi pirobebis
(populaciis raodenoba) codna arasakmarisia an xelmiuwvdomelia proeqtis
ganxorcielebis sxvadasxva teritoriisaTvis. am arasrulyofili codnis fonze
es analizi gansazRvravs zegavlenebs cocxal bunebaze imaze dakvirvebiT Tu
rogor Seicvleba bunebrivi garemo da misi gavrcelebis masStabi. mag.: 1)
bunebrivi garemos gauareseba an gaumjobeseba; 2)adamianTa Carevis done.
samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros cocxal bunebaze ganxorcilda Semdegi ZiriTadi
zemoqmedeba:
• intensiuri moklevadiani samSeneblo samuSaoebi, romelic xorcieldeba
mdinaris gaswvriv da aseve gadamcemi xazebi uxeSad zemoqmedeben faunis
komponentebze da saxeobaTa, kvebis reJimze da gamravlebis pirobebze.
• wylis qveda dinebis Semcireba zegavlenas moaxdens wylis faunaze.
• intensiuri moklevadiani samSeneblo samuSaoebi, romelic xorcildeba
milsadenis marSrutis gayolebiT, uxeSad zemoqmedeben faunis
komponentebze da saxeobaTa, kvebis reJimze da gamravlebis pirobebze.
iseTi tipis samSeneblo samuSaoebi, rogoricaa miwis eqskavacia, adgilebis
reabilitacia da mowyobilobebis ganaxleba, aseve mdinareze sxvadasxva saxis
samuSaoebis Catareba wlis sxavadasxva dros, warmoadgenen faqtorebs,
romelic gansazRvraven garemoze zemoqmedebis intensiurobas da dones.
ZiriTadi samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebis grafiki Semdegia: gazafxuli
(marti, aprili, maisi), zafxuli (ivnisi), Semodgoma (seqtemberi, oqtomberi,
noemberi). am samSeneblo samuSaoebis grafiki gaTvaliswinebul iqna samSeneblo
samuSaoebis zemoqmedebis analizisas.
ZuZumwovrebi: mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad
gamowveuli zemoqmedeba ZuZumwovrebze umniSvnelo iqneba. ukve aTvisebul
teritoriaze an arsebul mowyobilobebze (gzebis gaswvriv, mdinareebze da
soflebSi) dagegmilia mxolod moklevadiani, mciremasStabiani samSeneblo
samuSaoebi. ZiriTadad, samSeneblo samuSaoebi ar iTvaliswinebs xeebis moWras
(gamonakliss warmoadgens fSavelis mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebi ) mcire
hes-is proeqtiT gansazRvrulma samSeneblo samuSaoebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios
droebiTi, umniSvnelo, magram uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba ZuZumwovrebze, rac
ZiriTadad gamowveulia adamianis mxridan uxeSi CareviT. ra Tqma unda,
arsebuli cocxali garemo ar ganicdis did cvlilebebs da masze zegavlenac
umniSvneloa. fSavelis mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis 10 km-iani sigrZis
gadamcemi xazis gayolebiT daaxloebiT 1 ha xeebis gaCexvis Sedegad cocxal
bunebaze zemoqmedebis xangrZlivoba mcirea da droebiTi. bunebriv garemoSi
Careva da masze zemoqmedeba ar CaiTvleba mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebad.
frinvelebi: mobudar frinvelebze zemoqmedeba, romelic gamowveulia mcire
hes-is proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebis Catarebisas umniSvneloa. mcire
hidroenergetikis proeqtebis gansaxorcielebeli adgilebi ar warmoadgens
frinvelebiT farTod moSenebul teritorias (gamonakliss warmoadgens
116
maWaxelas mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebi). garda amisa, samSeneblo
samuSaoebi unda Catardes soflebTan axlomdebare teritoriaze, romelic ukve
aTvisebulia adamianTa saqmianobis Sedegad. mobudar frinvelebze samSeneblo
saqmianobis Sedegad ganxorcielebuli zemoqmedeba iqneba moklevadiani da
umniSvnelo.
sofeli qed-qedi, sadac unda Catardes maWaxelas mcire hes-is proeqtis
samSeneblo samuSaoebi, cnobilia frinvelTa mravalferovnebiT (ramdenime
mobudari, mozamTre da migraciuli saxeobebia aRmoCenili qed-qedis soflis
siaxloves). maWaxelas mcire hes-is proeqtis samSeneblo RonisZiebebma,
romelic unda ganxorcieldes gazafxulze SeiZleba Seawuxos mobudari
frinveli. zogierTi samSeneblo samuSao (kaSxlis rekonstruqcia, arxebis
SekeTeba) SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mdinaris mimdebare teritoriaze da
uaryofiTad imoqmedos migraciuli tipis wylis saxeobebze, romlebic budeebs
mdinaris gaswvriv akeTeben. frinvelTa sxva saxeobebi SeiZleba gadaadgildes
mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis zonis mimdebare teritoriaze. garda amisa,
samuSaoebis gazrda (xmauri, adamianTa saqmianoba, mtveri da sxva) gazafxulis
periodSi zegavlenas moaxdens frinvelTa produqtiulobaze da gazrdis
sikvdilianobis maCvenebels. aqedan gamomdinare samSeneblo samuSaoebi,
romelic gazafxulobiT tardeba (martidan maisamde) gamoiwvevs saSualo donis
zemoqmedebas da CaiTvleba rogorc mniSvnelovani zegavlena. samSeneblo
samuSaoebis Catareba zafxulobiT (ivnisi), Semodgomaze (seqtembridan
noembramde) da zamTris sezonSi gamoiwvevs mciremasStabian moklevadian
zemoqmedebas. imis gamo, rom frinvelTa saxeobebis umravlesoba md. maWaxelas
wylis siaxloves akeTeben budeebs, samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad gamowveuli
Sedegebi gazafxulis sezonSi iqneba saSualo, moklevadiani da mniSvnelovani.
Tevzebi: mcire hes-is proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebi iTvaliswinebs
mdinaridan xreSis amoRebas. adgilobrivi mdinaridan amoRebuli xreSis mcire
raodenoba daemateba cements, samSeneblo xreSs da qviSis narevs da
gamoyenebuli iqneba samSeneblo samuSaoebSi. eqskavaciis samuSaoebis sixSire
iqneba SezRuduli da ganxorcildeba xeliT. Tu samSeneblo samuSaoebi da
Tevzis mier wyalSi qviriTis dayra mimdinareobs erTdroulad (ZiriTadad
seqtemberi – oqtomberi da maisi – ivnisi) wylis simRvrivem, romelsac iwvevs
miwis amoTxris samuSaoebi, SeiZleba moaxdinos uaryofiTi zegavlena Tevzis
mier qviriTis dayraze mdinaris qveda dinebaSi. imis gamo, rom mdinareSi, sadac
xorcildeba mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebi binadroben iSviaTi, wiTel
nusxaSi Setanili saxeobebi (Salmo Fario), maTze moxdenili zemoqmedebebi
ganisazRvreba, rogorc saSualo da garkveuli donis mniSvnelovani
zegavlenebi.
gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebi: fSavelas mcire hidroenergetikis
proeqtebis axali 10 km-iani gadamcemi xazis mSenebloba gamoiwvevs daaxloebiT
1 ha adgilobrivi tyis monakveTis gakafvas. am RonisZiebebma SeiZleba
moaxdinos droebiTi zegavlena cocxal bunebaze, romelSic Sedis specialuri
statusis mqone saxeobebi, romlebic gvxvdeba fSavelis teritiriaze. ra Tqma
unda zegavlenebi cocxal bunebaze, romelic vlindeba tyeebis gaCexvis
Sedegad iqneba moklevadiani, droebiTi da es zemoqmedebebi ar CaiTvleba
mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebad.
mcire hes-is proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebi moiTxovs kaSxlidan wylis
dinebis mimarTulebis droebiT Secvlas. samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros
mniSvnelovania, rom SenarCunebuli iqnas wylis sakmarisi nakadi Tevzebis
sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad. wylis nakadis dablokva gamoiwvevs arxis
daSrobas kaSxlis da gamyvan arxs Soris (daaxloebiT 2 km), rac moaxdens
mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas wylis saxeobebze.
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6.4.2.2. operireba
qvemoT moyvanilia sxvadasxva biologiuri resursebis qvejgufebze im
potenciuri garemo zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva, romelic dakavSirebulia
mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis samuSaoebTan. esenia: 1) flora da 2) fauna
flora
mcire hes-is daproeqtebis Sedegad moxdeba wyaldidobisagan garkveuli
adgilis dacva. aqedan gamomdinare ganxorcielebuli samuSaoebis dros
mosalodnelia pozitiuri zemoqmedeba wyaldidobis Tavidan acilebis gziT
mcenareul safarze.
yvela ganxorcielebul samSeneblo samuSaoebs eqneba umniSvnelo zegavlena
mcenareul safarze, Sedegad mcenareul safarze kumulaciur zegavlenas
adgili ar eqneba. Mxolod erTi proeqtis (fSavelis mcire hesi) ganxorcieleba
gamoiwvevs uaryofiT zemoqmedebas mcenareul safarze, rac dakavSirebulia
mcenareuli safaris gaTelva-ganadgurebiT. es zemoqmedeba warmoiqmneba
mxolod erT saproeqto adgilze, da amitom sxva programidan kumulaciuri
zegavlena ar ganixileba.
fauna
eqspluataciis periodSi cocxal bunebaze SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Semdegi
zemoqmedeba:
• wylis nakadis Semcirebam kaSxlisa da wylis dabrunebis ubans Soris
SeiZleba moaxdinos zemoqmedeba faunaze.
• wylis gadasvla turbinebSi uaryofiTad imoqmedebs mcire zomis
Tevzebze (wylis nakadis dajaxeba an wyliT walekva).
wylis nakadis gadineba kaSxlidan eleqtrosadgurSi metad Semcirebulia
mcire hes-is proeqtebis gamo. miuxedavad amisa daiSveba wylis minimaluri
nakadis gadineba wyalSi Tevzebis saxeobebis SesanarCuneblad. monakveTis
sidide, romelzec ganxorcielda garkveuli zemoqmedeba mcire
hidroenergetikis sxvadasxva proeqtebSi icvleba 300-dan 700 m-mde. mniSvnelovan
interess warmoadgens mSrali, unaleqo sezoni, rodesac wylis nakadi ar aris
SenarCunebuli im doneze, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos Tevzebis populaciuri
usafrTxoeba. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios didi da mniSvnelovani zegavlena
Tevzebis dasaxlebaze.
mcire hes-is operireba, romelsac gaaCnia grZelvadiani negatiuri zegavlenebi,
rogricaa mcire zomis Tevzebis ganadgureba da faunis migraciis Seferxeba. es
zegavlenebi damaxasiaTebelia maWaxelas mcire hes-is proeqtisaTvis.
mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis operirebis dros arsebuli nakadi an wyali iqneba
gadmoqaCuli da mimarTuli turbinebSi. turbinebSi moxvedril wyalSi
arsebuli mcire zomis Tevzebi aucileblad daixocebian. mcire zomis Tevzebma,
romlebic xvdebian hidroeleqtroturbinebSi gadian uamrav saSiS da
damazianebel meqanizms, rogoricaa maRali wneva, daWra, areuloba.
xelmisawvdomi literaturis safuZvelze dadgenilia, rom mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebis yvela mdinareSi arsebobs saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi Sesuli
Tevzebi (mag.: Salmo Fario), aqedan gamomdinare mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebis
saeqspluatacio samuSaoebis dros mosalodnelia mcire zomis Tevzebze
ganxorcieldes saSualo da potenciurad mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba.
maWaxelas mcire hes-is proeqts SeiZleba gaaCndes dadebiTi zegavlena
maWaxelad wyalSi aRmoCenil migraciul Tevzze. Savi zRvis kalmaxi (Salmo
Fario morpha labrax, Setanilia saqarTvelos wiTel nusxaSi) gadaadgildeba
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zRvidan Woroxis mdinareSi an mis nakadebSi (mdinare maWaxelas wyali)
qviriTis dasayrelad. maWaxelas mcire hes-is proeqti ukve gaSvebulia
eqspluataciaSi. TevzebisTvis trapis ar arsebobis gamo Seferxda Tevzebis
migracia, rac uaryofiT gavlenas axdena Tevzebis populaciaze. am adgilze
sareabilitacio proeqtis ganxorcielebas SeiZleba mohyves sasargeblo
gavlenac, radgan axali mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis dizaini Seicavs
TevzebisTvis trapis damontaJebis samuSaoebs, raTa Tevzebma SeZlon mdinaris
zemo nakadSi gadasvla.
6.4.3. bunebrivi airis ganawilebis sistemebi
qvemoT mocemulia mcenareul safarze da cocxal bunebaze potenciuri
zemoqmedebebis mokle mimoxilva, romelic vlindeba samSeneblo samuSaoebisa
da operirebis dros.
6.4.3.1. mSenebloba
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva biologiuri resursebis qvejgufebze potenciuri
garemo zemoqmedebebis mokle mimoxilva, romelic dakavSirebulia bunebrivi
airis gamanawilebeli sistemebis mSeneblobasTan.
flora
mcenareul safarze moklevadiani da umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mcenareebis gaTelvis da/an ganadgurebis gamo, romelic
gamowveulia bunebrivi airis proeqtis samSeneblo samuSaoebiT. aseve
ganxorcielebuli iqneba miwis samuSaoebi, romelic dakavSirebulia milsadenis
mSeneblobasTan. is zemoqmedebebi, romelic am samuSaoebs mohyveba gavrceldeba
teritoriis SedarebiT mcire farTobze. umetes SemTxvevaSi milsadenebis
mSenebloba dagegmilia miwis zedapirze, romelic ukve aTvisebulia adamianebis
mier. miwaze gansaxorcielebeli samuSaoebi ZiriTadad mimdinareobs soflis
mimdebare teritoriaze. garda amisa bunebrivi airis proeqtebis samSeneblo
samuSaoebisTvis ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli axali gzebis ageba. Sedegad
mcenareebze ganxorcielebuli zemoqmedeba iqneba umniSvnelo.
fauna
am qveTavSi ganxilulia baunebrivi airis proeqtis samSeneblo samuSaoebisgan
gamowveuli zemoqmedeba cocxal bunebaze (xmeleTis da wylis binadrebi).
rogorc es ganixileboda mcenareuli safaris SemTxvevaSi, am programis yvela
proeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebelia samSeneblo samuSaoebi. aqedan gamomdinare am
TavSi dadgenili potenciuri samSeneblo zegavlenebi cocxal bunebaze
Cveulebrivi da erTi saxisaa da amrigad damaxasiaTebelia am programis
bunebrivi airis tipis proeqtisaTvis. bunebrivi pirobebis Seswavla
(populaciis sidide, gavrceleba), romelic xorcieldeba SerCeuli adgilis
doneze, ar aris sruli an xelmiuwvdomelia proeqtis umetesi zonisTvis. aseTi
arasruli codnis fonze, es analizi aRwers cocxal garemoze zemoqmedebas
bunebrivi garemos sididesa da misi gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT. mag.: bunebrivi
garemos gauareseba an gaumjobeseba, adamianis Carevis done.
samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebis etapze cocxal bunebaze xorcieldeba
Semdegi zemoqmedeba:
119
•
intensiuri moklevadiani samuSaoebis dros, romelic tardeba milsadenis
monakveTSi, xdeba faunaze uxeSi Careva da uaryofiTad moqmedebs iq
arsebul simSvideze, kvebaze da gamravlebis reJimze.
iseTi tipis samSeneblo samuSaoebi, rogoricaa miwis eqskavacia, adgilebis
reabilitacia da mowyobilobebis ganaxleba, aseve mdinareze sxvadasxva saxis
samuSaoebis Catareba wlis sxavadasxva dros, warmoadgenen faqtorebs,
romelic gansazRvraven garemoze zemoqmedebis intensiurobas da dones.
zogadad, samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catareba mosalodnelia gazafxulze (martiaprili-maisi), zafxulSi (ivnisi) da Semodgomaze (seqtemberi). es zogadi
grafiki miRebul iqna samSeneblo samuSaoebis zemoqmedebis analizis
Sejamebidan gamomdinare.
ZuZumwovrebi: bunebrivi airis proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad
gamowveuli zemoqmedeba ZuZumwovrebze umniSvnelo iqneba. ukve aTvisebul
teritoriaze (an gzebis gaswvriv, mdinareebze da soflebSi) dagegmilia
mxolod moklevadiani, mciremasStabiani samSeneblo samuSaoebi. bunebrivi airis
proeqtiT gansazRvrulma samSeneblo samuSaoebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios
droebiTi umniSvnelo, magram mavne zemoqmedeba ZuZumwovrebze, rac ZiriTadad
gamowveulia adamianis mxridan uxeSi CareviT, arsebuli cocxali garemo ar
ganicdis mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs da maTze zemoqmedebac umniSvneloa.
frinvelebi: mobudar frinvelebze zemoqmedeba, romelic gamowveulia bunebrivi
airis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebis Catarebisas, umniSvneloa.
bunebrivi airis proeqtebis gansaxorcielebeli adgilebi ar warmoadgens
frinvelebiT farTo gavrcelebul teritorias. garda amisa, samSeneblo
samuSaoebi unda Catardes soflebTan axlomdebare teritoriebze, romelic
ukve aTvisebulia adamianTa saqmianobis Sedegad. mobudar frinvelebze
samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad ganxorcielebuli zemoqmedeba iqneba
moklevadiani da umniSvnelo.
bunebrivi airis proeqtebis samSeneblo saqmianoba (milsadenis mSenebloba)
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes SedarebiT mcire teritoriaze, romelic ukve
aTvisebulia adamianTa saqmianobis Sedegad. es teritoria ar warmoadgens
mniSvnelovan bunebriv garemos cocxali bunebisaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare,
bunebrivi airis proeqtis samSeneblo RonisZiebebi gamoiwvevs umniSvnelo
zemoqmedebas cocxal bunebaze da bunebrivi airis proeqtebis zemoqmedeba ar
CaiTvleba mniSvnelovnad.
6.4.3.2 operireba
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva biologiuri resursebis qve-jgufebi im
potenciur garemoze zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva, romelic dakavSirebulia
bunebrivi airis ganawilebis sistemasTan. Eesenia: 1) mcenareuli safari da 2)
cocxali buneba.
flora
bunebrivi airis proeqtis ganxorcielebis fazebSi ar aris mosalodneli
mcenareul safarze zegavlenebis warmoqmna.
bunebrivi airis proeqtebis danergvisas mosalodnelia pozitiuri zemoqmedeba.
am proeqtis Sedegad mosalodnelia xeebis gaCexvis Semcireba da sakvebis
momzadebisaTvis da gaTbobisTvis xeebis SeSis saxiT gamoyenebis Semcireba,
radgan am funqcias Seasrulebs bunebrivi airi.
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fauna
zog adgilebSi (mag., xidisTavis bunebrivi gazis proeqti) bunebrivi airis
milsadeni gadakveTs mdinares transportis samoZrao xidze. es xidi erTmaneTs
uerTebs or dasaxlebas, romelic orive napirze mdebareobs. imis gamo, rom
samSeneblo zona axlos mdebareobs mdinaresTan masSi mobinadre Tevzis
saxeobebze SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mcire zemoqmedeba, romelic gamowveulia
samuSaoebis (mag.: SeRebvis) Sedegad mdinaris dabinZurebis gamo. saRebavis
SemTxveviT mdinareSi moxvedras SeiZleba mohyves umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba
wylis saxeobebze da amitom ar iTvleba mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebad.
bunebrivi airis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad moxdeba xeebis gaCexvis
Semcireba maTi saTbobi daniSnulebis gamoyenebis Semcirebis gamo. es qmedeba
Seamcirebs uxeS Carevas cocxal bunebaSi da bunebriv garemoSi. aseTi
zegavlena SeiZleba CaiTvalos arapirdapir sasargeblo gavlenad cocxal
bunebaze.
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6.5. socialuri ekonomika
qvemoT mocemulia kriteriumebis CamonaTvali, romlis saSualebiTac xdeba im
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis gansazRvra socekonomikur (adamianur) resursebze,
romelic gamowveulia mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis operirebasTan an
reabilitaciasTan dakavSirebuli samSeneblo samuSaoebis Sedegad:
• wyaldidobis Sedegad miyenebuli safrTxe an ziani, romelic gamowveul
iqna mkvebavi arxis damcirebiT an zedmeti gadavsebiT.
• arakvalificiuri da cudad naswavli samSeneblo kadrebi da/an energo
sadgurze dasaqmebuli muSebi, romlebic Tavisi saqmianobidan
gamomdinare imyofebian safrTxis winaSe.
• safrTxe im gareSe adamianebisTvis, romlebsac ekrZalebaT mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebis adgilebze Sesvla samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebis an
operirebis dros.
• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Sewuxeba samSeneblo samuSaoebis gamo.
6.5.1 “mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumebi
adamianur resursebze zemoqmedeba CaiTvleba mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebad Tu is
pasuxobs erT an met qvemoT moyvanil kriteriums:
• adamianisTvis avadmyofobis, sxeulis dazianebis an sikvdilis safrTxis
Seqmna.
• infrastruqturis, Senobebis an sxva qonebisTvis dazianebis an dakargvis
safrTxis Seqmna.
• miwis an sxva resursebis gamoyenebisas maTze mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis
moxdena
• mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba dasaqmebaSi da ekonomikur
pirobebSi (mag.: saqonlis an masalebis Rirebuleba da Semosavali)
• mudmivi socialuri konfliqtebi an arastabilurobis Seqmna
• saSualo an grZelvadiani safrTxe, romelic emuqreba socialur,
kulturul an religiur Rirebulebebs.
• proeqtis
ganxorcielebis
zonaSi
an
mis
gareT
permanentuli
gadaadgileba
6.5.2 mcire zomis hes-is proeqtebi
Semdeg qveTavSi aRwerilia mcire zomis hes-is proeqtis samSeneblo
samuSaoebisa da eqspluataciis Sedegad adamianur resursebze potenciuri
zemoqmedeba. es potenciuri zemoqmedeba dadgenili iqna im adgilebis
daTvalierebiT, romelzec xorcieldeba mcire hidroenergetikis proeqti da
soc. ekonomikur pirobebTan dakavSirebuli xelmisawvdomi monacemebisa da
Sesabamisi literaturis safuZvelze.
6.5.2.1 mSenebloba
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva soc. ekonomikur jgufebze, potenciur garemoze
zemoqmedebebis mokle aRwera, romelic dakavSirebulia mcire hidroenergetikis
proeqtebis samSeneblo samuSaoebTan. amaSi Sedis: 1) mosaxleoba da
dasaxlebebi, 2) miwis gamoyeneba, 3) Semosavali da dasaqmeba, 4) soc.
infrastruqtura da masze zegavlenebi 5) jandacva.
mosaxleoba da dasaxlebuli punqtebi
samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebisas adgilobriv mosaxleobasa da dasaxlebul
punqtebze droebiT ayvanili muSebis mxridan dafiqsirda metad SezRuduli
zemoqmedeba. umetes SemTxvevaSi, ara umetes sami inJinrisa iqneba droebiT
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gaCerebuli saproeqto teritoriaze an isini ivlian samuSao adgilze sxva
adgilidan.
miwis gamoyeneba
hidroeleqtrosadguris Sefasebisas dadginda mxolod erTi potenciurad
mniSvnelovani zegavlena miwis gamoyenebaze. maWaxelas SemTxvevaSi wylis arxi,
romelic kvebavs sadawneo milsadens, mdebareobs skolebis an ramdenime saxlis
zemoT arsebul teritoriaze. im SemTxvevaSi Tu arxis struqturuli
mTlianoba dairRva, gafuWda an daiwyo arxidan wylis gamoJonva, SesaZloa es
skolebi da saxlebi aRmoCndnen datborvis safrTxis winaSe. arxSi wylis
maqsimaluri dineba Seadgens 300m3/wm-s. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saderivacio arxi
miiRebs wylis nakadis did porcias im dros, roca arxi ar aris daxuruli an
sworad mimarTuli, SesaZloa axlomdebare mosaxleobis datborvis sakmaod
didi safrTxe gaCndes. msgavsad amisa, geologiuri pirobebi arxis zemo ubanSi
(cicabo da potenciurad aramyari niadagi, romelmac SeiZleba warmoqmnas
niaRvari) SeiZleba saSiSi aRmoCndes saderivacio arxis dazianebis
TvalsazrisiT.
SedarebiT naklebi xarisxis zegavlena miwis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT
SeimCneva mcire hidro eleqtro sadguris proeqtebis sxva adgilebSi.
fSavelis SemTxvevaSi, eleqtro sadgursa da mdinares Soris mosalodnelia
mxolod mcire zomis zemoqmedeba, rac ganpirobebulia im mimdebare
teritoriaze gamyvani arxis mSeneblobiT, sadac balaxoben cxovelebi. Ggarda
amisa, sairigacio arxsa da eleqtrosadgurs Soris aSendeba axali sadawneo
milsadeni. am mSeneblobiT gamowveuli zemoqmedeba metad mcirea, radgan
sadawneo milis xazi gadis ukve arsebul bilikze da paraleluria mkvebavi
milisa, romelic daigo wylis mowyobilobisTvis adreul periodSi, magram ar
iyo gamoyenebuli. da bolos, TviT eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba, romelic
ganxorcieldeba arsebuli gzis gayolebaze, moaxdens mxolod mcire
zegavlenas miwis gamoyenebaze.
Semosavali da dasaqmeba
samSeneblo samuSaoebi, romelic dakavSirebulia mcire
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebis reabilitaciasTan, xels uwyobs
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis droebiT dasaqmebas; dasaqmebuli adamianebis
raodenoba iwyeba ramodenime kacidan da SeiZleba miaRwios 100 adamians
calkeul SemTvevaSi. mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebis
eqspluataciis dros, im SemTxvevaSi, roca arsebuli dawesebulebebebi
ganagrZobs funqcionirebas, mudmivad dasaqmebul adamianTa ricxvi ar icvleba,
magram am SemTxvevaSi gaizrdeba dasaqmebis usafrToeba. sxva SemTxvevebSi
dasaqmebulTa raodenoba gaizrdeba mcire raodenobidan 2 - 4 adamianidan 22
adamianamde.
socialuri infrastruqtura da zemoqmedebebi
socialur infrastruqturaze ar aris mosalodneli araviTari zemoqmedeba.
proeqtisTvis SerCeul adgilebze (Zama, kaxeTi, lopota, maWaxela) programuli
garemosdaciTi Sefasebis jgufma mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtTan
dakavSirebiT informacia da konsultacia miiRo adgilobrivi mosaxleobidan.
yvela SemTxvevaSi mosaxleoba keTilganwyobili iyo.
jandacva
mosaxleobis usafrTxoeba warmoadgens jandacvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs,
romelic unda iqnas daculi hidroeleqtrosaduris sareabilitacio
samuSaoebis dros. imis gamo, rom samSeneblo adgilebi ZiriTadad mdebareobs
dasaxlebebTan axlos, SesaZlebelia macxovreblebma SeaRwion samuSaoebis
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Catarebis adgilebze samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros. is pirebi, romlebis
moxvdebian samuSaoebis Catarebis adgilze da ar arian samuSao garemos
gacnobilebi, SeiZleba aRmoCndnen safrTxis winaSe. saSiS pirobebs
warmoadgens: didi samSeneblo manqanebis moZraoba, Ria Txrilebi da
arastabiluri (meryevi) miwis nayari, romelic warmoiqmna miwis gadaadgilebis
gamo an mdinaris nakadis mimarTlebis droebiTi Secvla da sxva.
iseve rogorc mTeli dasaxlebisTvis, hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobaze da
eqspluataciaze dasaqmebuli individualuri pirebis usafrTxoebis sakiTxi
warmoadgens interesis sagans. mosalodnelia samSeneblo procesis dros
adgilobrivi mosaxleobidanac moxdes adamianebis droebiTi dasaqmeba xeliT
samuSaoebis Casatareblad da savsebiT savaraudoa, rom es adamianebi ar
iqnebian gacnobilni samuSaoebTan dakavSirebul usafrTxoebis wesebs. imis
gamo, rom es adamianebi uSualo kontaqtSi iqnebian zemoT moyvanil
safrTxesTan, savsebiT mosalodnelia, rom maTTvis es safrTxe ufro didi
iqneba, vidre mosaxleobaze.
6.5.2.2. operireba
qvemoT moyvanilia sxvadasxva soc. ekonomikur qvejgufebze mcire
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli
potenciuri zemoqmedebebis mokle aRwera. esenia 1) mosaxleoba da dasaxlebebi,
2) miwis gamoyeneba, 3) Semosavali da dasaqmeba, 4) soc. infrastruqtura da
zegavlenebi, 5) jandacva.
mosaxleoba da dasaxlebebuli punqtebi
mcire hes-ebis eqspluatacia ar gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas
mosaxleobasa da dasaxlebul punqtebze.
miwis gamoyeneba
mcire hes-ebis eqspluatacia ar gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas miwis
gamoyenebaze.
mcire hidroenergetikis proeqtebis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi: mosaxleobisTvis
riski dasaqmebis dakardvis TvalsazrisiT SezRudulia. TiTqmis gamoricxulia,
rom mosaxleobaze ganxorcieldes nebismieri saxis mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba
eleqtroenergiis miwodebis Semcirebis gamo, radgan mcire hidroeleqtro
sadgurebi ar warmoadgens mosaxleobisTvis el. energiis uSualo wyaros, mis
mier gamomuSavebuli energia gaiyideba.
socialuri infrastruqtura da zemoqmedeba
konkretuli Temis, kexijvaris SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos sargebeli sociluri
infrastruqturis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT, vinidan Zamas mcire hes-is
meskuTre saTemo kavSiri iqneba. valis dafarvis Semdeg, saTemo kavSirs
Semosavali eqneba hes-isgan, rac Temsac gaunawildeba momsaxurebis an
dawesebulebebis saxiT.
arsebobs Temebs Soris konfliqtis warmoqmnis mcire Sansi, Suris gamo imis
Taobaze, rom heseb-is mier warmoebuli resursebi zogierT TemSi aris, sxvebSi
ki ara.
124
jandacva
mosaxleobis usafrTxoeba warmoadgens jandacvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs,
romelic unda iqnas daculi hidroeleqtrosaduris sareabilitacio
samuSaoebis dros. imis gamo, rom samSeneblo adgilebi ZiriTadad mdebareobs
dasaxlebul punqtebTan axlos, SesaZlebelia macxovreblebma SeaRwion
samuSaoebis Catarebis adgilebze. pirebi, romlebic moxvdebian obieqtze
operirebis fazaSi SeiZleba aRmoCndnen safrTxis winaSe. sadguris operirebam,
eleqtro sadgurma (e.i. maRali Zabva) da Ria derivaciulma da gamyvanma arxebma
SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas im dasaxlebebis macxovreblebs, romelic ar arin
gacnobilebi usafrTxoebis wesebs da aqedan gamomdinare ver miiReben
adeqvatur zomebs.
hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobaze da eqspluataciaze dasaqmebuli
individualuri pirebis usafrTxoebis sakiTxi warmoadgens interesis sagans.
adgilobriv mosaxleobas, romelic SeiZleba dasaqmdes am seqtorSi, SeiZleba
mouwios im samuSaoebis ganxorcileba, romelic dakavSirebulia maRal
ZabvasTan, mZime moZravi teqnikis eqspluataciasTan (energiis gamommuSavebeli
turbinebi), arxebSi wylis Ria nakadis moZraobasTan, gamyvani arxebis
eqspluataciasTan da aseve sxva operirebis pirobebTan, romelic moiTxovs
swor momzadebas, raTa daculi iyos Sromis usafrTxoeba.
jandacvasTan dakavSirebuli sxva potenciuri sakiTxi moicavs PCB-s SesaZlo
arsebobas. programuli garemosdcviTi Sefasebis jgufma maWaxelas vizitis
dros aRmoaCina, rom eleqtrosadguris badeebze transformatorebidan xdeboda
zeTis gaJonva. es zeTi SeiZleba Secavdes PCB-s (radgan is jer kidev
gamoiyeneba saqarTveloSi). imis gamo, rom am transformatorebis mflobeli
aris sadistribucio kompania da ara TviT eleqtro sadguris mepatrone, amitom
amasTan dakavSirebiuli pasuxismgebloba ar ekisreba im pirebs, vinc uSualod
aris dakavSirebuli am programiT gaTvaliswinebuli mcire hes-ebis proeqtebis
sareabilitacio samuSaoebTan. miuxedavad amisa mniSvnelovania, rom
sadistribucio kompaniam gaiTvaliswinos es potenciuri safrTxe da es sakiTxi
Sevides garemosdacviTi Sefasebis dokumentSi, romelic momzaddeba am
adgilisaTvis im SemTxvevaSi Tu amas gaiTvaliswinebs programa.
bolos, dagubebuli wyali, romelic grovdeba kaSxlTan, saderivacio an
gamaval arxebSi zafxulis periodSi SeiZleba gaxdes hidroeleqtro
sadgurebis axlos koRoebis didi raodenobiT gaCenis mizezi. es uaryofiTi
zemoqmedeba mcired CaiTvleba.
6.5.3 bunebrivi airis gamanawilebeli sistemebi
ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, rac dakavSirebulia bunebrivi airis sistemis damontaJebiT
gamowveuli potenciur mavne da mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebebTan, exeba xanZris an
afeTqebis saSiSroebas da aseve sxva safrTxes, romelic moqmedebs Sromis da
sazogadoebriv usafrTxoebaze.
xanZris da afeTqebis saSiSroeba yovelTvis Tan axlavs iseTi sistemis
eqspluatacias, romelic gamoyofs iseT aqrolad masals, rogoricaa bunebrivi
airi. es safrTxe SeiZleba warmoiqmnas, rodesac xdeba sadistribucio sistemis
mTlianobis darRveva (uxeSi zemoqmedeba), mag.: airis gamoJonva milsadenidan, an
milsadenis SemTxveviTi dazianeba; mag,: saavtomobilo katastrofis Sedegad.
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6.5.3.1. mSenebloba
qvemoT mocemuli sxvadasxva specialur-ekonomikuri qve-jgufebze bunebrivi
airis sadistribucio sistemis samSeneblo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli
garemo zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva. esenia: 1) mosaxleoba da dasaxleba
(Temi); 2) miwis gamoyeneba; 3) Semosavali da dasaqmeba; 4) soc. infrastruqtura;
5) jandacva
miwis gamoyeneba
gamoyenebaze.
Semosavalsa da dasaqmebaze.
soc. infrastruqtura
mcire hes-ebis eqspluatacia ar gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas soc.
infrastruqturaze
jandacva
samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebisas arsebobs Sromisa da sazogadoebrivi
usafrTxoebis mimarT riski. mZime teqnikisa da masalebis gadaadgilebis,
SemduRebeli aRWurvilobis gamoyenebis da Txrilebis gakeTebis Sedegad
SeiZleba Seiqmnas saSiSi garemoeba, romelic saWiroebs muSebis swor trenings
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi da samuSao ubnebze mosaxleobis SeRwevis SezRudvas.
6.5.3.2. operireba
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva specialur-ekonomikuri qve-jgufebze bunebrivi
airis sadistribucio sistemis samSeneblo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli
garemo zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva. esenia: 1) mosaxleoba da dasaxlebuli
punqtebi (Temi); 2) miwis gamoyeneba; 3) Semosavali da dasaqmeba; 4) soc.
infrastruqtura da zegavlenebi; 5) jandacva
miwis gamoyeneba
gamoyenebaze.
Semosavalsa da dasaqmebaze.
soc. infrastruqtura da zegavlenebi
mcire hes-ebis eqspluatacia ar gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas soc.
infrastruqturasa da sxva zegavlenebze
126
jandacva
samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebisas arsebobs Sromisa da sazogadoebrivi
usafrTxoebis mimarT safrTxe. mZime teqnikisa da masalebis gadaadgilebis,
SemduRebeli aRWurvilobis gamoyenebis da Txrilebis gakeTebis Sedegad
SeiZleba Seiqmnas saSiSi garemoeba, romelic saWiroebs muSebis swor trenings
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi da samuSao ubnebze mosaxleobis SeRwevis SezRudvas.
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6.6. kulturuli resursebi
6.6.1 “mniSvnelovanebis” kriteriumebi
adamianur resursebze zemoqmedeba CaiTvleba mniSvnelovnad, Tu is pasuxobs
erT an met qvemoT moyvanil kriteriums.
• istoriuli, preistoriuli, kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebis
safrTxis winaSe dayeneba
• mudmivi Careva mniSvnelovani istoriuli, preistoriuli, kulturuli da
eTnikuri resursebis mflobelobaSi
6.6.2 mcire zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi
kulturul resursebze ar aris mosalodneli araviTari mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba. mag.: istoriul, preistoriul, kulturul da eTnikur resursebze
iseTi zemoqmedebis arseboba, romelic moyvanilia qvemoT mokle mimoxilvaSi,
radgan maTze zemoqmedebisas gaTvaliswinebulia is faqti, rom ar xorcieldeba
sruliad axali mcire zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebis mSenebloba.
magram SesaZlebelia, manmade ucnobi isoriuli an preistoriuli masalebis
aRmoCena axali gaTxriTi samuSaoebisas, romelic dakavSirebulia axali mcire
zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobasTan an gafarToebasTan.
6.6.2.1 mSenebloba
qvemoT mocemulia sxvadasxva kulturuli resursebis qve-jgufebze mcire
hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebis potenciuri
garemo zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva. esenia: 1) istoriuli, winareistoriuli
resursebi; 2) kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi
istoriuli, preistoriuli resursebi
mcire zomis hidroenergetikuli proeqtebi sareabilitacio samuSaoebis dros
miwis gadaadgileba moxdeba mxolod im adgilebSi, sadac saeqskavacio
samuSaoebi ukve Catarebulia mcire zomis hidroeleqtro sadgurebis pirveladi
mSeneblobis dros. am mxriv naklebad savaraudoa, rom SesaZlo arqeologiur
resursebsa da poleontologuir monacemebze ganxorcieldes mavne zemoqmedeba.
magram Tu samSeneblo samuSaoebi cdeba ukve arsebul mcire zomis
hidroeeleqtro sadgurebis samSeneblo sazRvrebs, SesaZlebeli moxdes
istoriuli da preistoriuli resursebi dazianeba.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi
imis gamo, rom kulturuli resursebi daSorebulia proeqtiT gansazRvrul
adgilebs, naklebad savaraudoa, rom mimdinare samSeneblo samuSaoebi
mniSvnelovan mavne zemoqmedebas moaxdens Zeglebze.
naklebad savaraudoa arsebuli Zeglebis dazianeba an dangreva, rac SeiZleba
gamoiwvios intensiurma moZraobam, aRWurvilobam, mZime manqanebis
eqspluataciam an samSeneblo samuSaoebisas miwis gadaadgilebam.
TiTqmis ar arsebosbs imis saSiSroeba, rom kulturuli da eTnikuri
resursebis irgvliv damcavi zona iqneba dazianebuli an mimdebare landSafti
ganicdis raime zemoqmedebas.
6.6.2.2 operireba
128
qvemoT mocemulia mcire hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciasTan
dakavSirebuli potenciuri zemoqmedebis mokle mimoxilva sxvadasxva
kulturuli resursebis qve-jgufebze, rac moicavs: 1) istoriul da
preistoriul resursebs da 20 kulturul da eTnikur resursebs.
istoriuli, preistoriuli resursebi
mcire hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluataciisas ar aris mosalodneli
araviTari zegavlenebi arqeologiur da paleonTologiur resursebze.
kulturuli da eTnikuri resursebi
mcire hidroeleqtrosadguris eqspluatacisas ar aris mosalodneli araviTari
zegavlenebi kulturulsa da eTnikur resursebze
6.6.3. bunebrivi airis gamanawilebelis sitemebis zemoqmedeba
ar aris mosalodneli araviTari mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba istoriul,
preistoriul, kulturul da eTnikuri resursebze. gamoyenebuli unda iyos
arsebuli gzebi gadamcemi da bunebrivi airis mimwodebeli milsadenis
mSeneblobisTvis. aseve SeiZleba warmoiqmnas pretenziebi esTetur
zemoqmedebebTan dakavSirebiT, magram es sakiTxebi adgilze unda iqnas
Seswavlili msgavsi SemTxvevis warmoqmnisas. mag.: Tu milsadenis mSenebloba
mimdinareobs kultuli Zeglebis siaxloves, Tumca aseTi SemTxvevebi ufro
gamonakliss warmoadgens vidre wess. gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas bunebrivi
airis ganawilebis sistemis damontaJebis arsebuli gamocdileba, romelic
ganxorcielda USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo–s sponsorobiT saqarTveloSi (mag.:
lixauri da kexijvari), sadac uaryofiTi esTetikuri zemoqmedeba ar yofila
problema.
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7. garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da
monitoringis gegma
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba moicavs energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis yvela proeqtis garemosdacviTi Sesabamisobis moTxovnebs. es
moTxovnebi akonkretebs procedurebs garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis
molodinisa da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisTvis programis farglebSi
potenciuri sainvesticio proeqtebis danergvasTan dakavSirebiT
gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas. Sesabamisobis es moTxovnebi mocemul qveTavSia
gansazRvruli.
aq warmodgenilia 6.0 qveTavSi gansazRvruli garemoze mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebis Serbilebisa da monitoringis zomebi. Tavis organizacia miyveba
6.0 qveTavSi mocemul kategoriebs: geologia da niadagebi, wylis resursebi,
biologiuri resursebi, adamianuri resursebi (socioekonomikuri zemoqmedeba,
sazogadoebrivi jandacva) da kulturuli resursebi, es warmodgenilia
sxvadasxva qveTavebad da miesadageba garemosdacviTi Sesabamisobis moTxovnebs.
garemosdacviTi Sesabamisobis sqema
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programisTvis garemosdacviTi mimoxilva da
Sesabamisobis moTxovnebi uzrunvelyofs srul process SemdegSi
dasarwmuneblad: 1) yvela potenciuri garemosdacviTi problema gansazRvrulia
proeqtis SemuSavebis kursSi, 2) programaSi da USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-Si
arsebobs mimoxilvisa da uflebamosilebis Sesabamisi doneebi nebismieri
sainvesticio proeqtis amuSavebamde, da 3) proeqtis konstruqcia adeqvaturad
uzrunvelyofs garemosdacviT zomebs.
rekomendebul midgomas mniSvnelovani upiratesoba aqvs, rac wina gamocdilebis
arsebuli bazis gamoyenebas gulisxmobs. am TvalsazrisiT, arsebobs
warmodgenili moTxovnebis precedentebi. proeqti gamomdinareobs
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s garemosdacviTi Sesabamisobis gamocdilebidan: 1)
PA government servisis - saqarTvelo saqarTvelos energousafrTxoebis
iniciativis proeqtis farglebSi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da
monitoringis gegmis momzadebaSi, da 2) CHF internaiSenal saqarTvelos
energousafrTxoebis iniciativis proeqtis farglebSi garemosdacviTi
mimoxilvis SemuSavebaSi da gansazRvris procesSi. es gamocdileba moicavs
eqstensiuri mimoxilvis upiratesobas da, gansakuTrebiT, USAID-is mier rogorc
Sesabamisi da aucilebeli gamocdilebis warmomadgenlis damtkiceba, debuleba
216-Tan SesabamisobaSi dasarwmuneblad. damatebiT, es gamocdileba Sexamebulia
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufis koleqtiur profesionalizmTan
da programisa da obieqtebisTvis specifiur samuSaosTan, rac Catarda
programuli garemosdacviTi SefasebisTvis.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis farglebSi garemosdacviTi
Sesabamisobis moTxovnebi moicavs danergvis, minimum, or dones. pirveli done
iZleva programis zemoqmedebis, rac yvela proeqtisTvis saerToa, saukeTeso
samSeneblo da operirebis gamocdilebis saSualebiT marTvis SesaZleblobas
(danarTi z). es saukeTeso gamocdileba moicavs sxvadasxva sakiTxs, kerZod
iseTs, rac Seexeba mSeneblobis/reabilitaciis mcire masStabian proeqtebs.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa uzrunvelyofs, rom programis yvela
kontraqtoris saqmianoba Seesabamebodes arsebul saukeTeso gamocdilebas, ise,
rom uzrunvelyofili iyos yvela proeqtis Tanmimdevruli da myari
garemosdacviTi marTva. es mcire (mniSvnelovanze naklebi) zemoqmedebis
prevenciis/marTvis da zogierTi mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis ganviTarebis
Tavidan acilebis saSualebas iZleva. saukeTeso samSeneblo da operirebis
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gamocdilebis danergva ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis da bunebrivi
resursebis marTvis gegmebis garemoze yvela SesaZlo zemoqmedebis
prevenciis/marTvis saSualebas iZleva.
Tumca yvela SesaZlo mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Tavidan acileba ar SeiZleba
saukeTeso gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, moxda garemosdacviTi
Sesabamisobis damatebiTi donis SemuSaveba garemoze mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebisTvis, rac saerToa programis proeqtTa umravlesobisTvis an
damaxasiaTebelia konkretuli obieqtisTvis. am qveTavSi yuradRebis
koncentracia xdeba iseT mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebebze, rac moiTxovs
Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs da midgomas myari garemosdacviTi
monitoringisTvis. garemosdacviTi mimoxilva da Sesabamisobis moTxovnebi
moicavs oTx procedurul nabijs:
1. garemosdacviTi mimoxilvis Catareba;
2. garemosdacviTi gansazRvris Catareba mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis
gaTvaliswinebiT;
3. mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
Sesrulebadobis dadgena; da
4. proeqtis ganxorcieleba an alternatiuli adgilmdebareobis Zebna
1. garemosdacviTi mimoxilvis Catareba. am stadiaze soflad energetikis
ganviTareba programis kvalificirebuli mimoxilveli, rogoricaa
proeqtis inJineri, samecniero warmomadgeneli an damgegmarebeli,
romelsac swavleba aqvs gavlili garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebasa da
SesabamisobaSi, Caatarebs garemosdacviT Sefasebas SemoTavezebul
proeqtze. es iqneba konkretuli obieqtis Sesabamisi mimoxilva
programuli garemosdacviTi SefasebisTvis SemuSavebuli garemosdacviTi
skrininguli analizis da saproeqto informacia, SemuSavebuli programis
SefasebiT moxsenebaSi da teqnikur proeqtSi. mimoxilvis mizania
gansazRvra, Tu programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi Tavmoyrili
saukeTeso samSeneblo da operirebis gamocdileba da Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi ramdenad moicavs mSeneblobasa
da operirebasTan dakavSirebul garemoze yvela SesaZlo zemoqmedebas. es
mimoxilva ajamebs kerZo proeqtis Sesabamis yvela saukeTeso
gamocdilebasa da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis
gegmebs, rac gamoiyeneba proeqtis ganmaxorcielebeli kontraqtoris mier.
saukeTeso gamocdilebisa da programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebs CarTva saWiroa,
raTa garemosdacviTi mimoxilva ufro efeqturi iyos.
2. garemosdacviTi gansazRvris Catareba. garemosdacviT mimoxilvaze
dafuZnebiT, mimomxilveli gansazRvravs mniSvnelovan garemosdacviT
zemoqmedebas, romlis Serbileba Tu prevencia ar moxdeba saukeTeso
gamocdilebis meSveobiT da CarTavs garemosdacviTi Sedegebis mokle
axsnas. Tu araa saSiSroeba proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sedegad garemoze
uaryofiTi gavlenis miRebisa (araa gansazRvruli mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba), an Tu mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis prevencia xerxdeba
saukeTeso gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT, aRaraa saWiro Semdgomi
garemosdacviTi qmedebebi. Tumca energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programas mainc mouwevs kontraqtoris monitoringi saukeTeso
gamocdilebasTan SesabamisobaSi dasarwmuneblad.
3. mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
Sesrulebdobis dadgena. am stadiaze mimomxilveli Seafasebs
mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Serbilebis SesaZleblobas da/an
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saWiroebisamebr gansazRvravs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da
monitoringis damatebiT konkretul moTxovnebs proeqtis
gansaxorcieleblad.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis qveTavi 7 warmoadgens
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmebis winaswar
gansazRvrul nakrebs. es exeba mnSvnelovan zemoqmedebebs, rasac xSirad
aqvs adgili da gansazRvrulia qveTavSi 6.0 geologiisa da niadagebis,
wylis, biologiuri, kulturuli da adamianuri resursebis
TvalsazrisiT. mosalodnelia, rom es Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da
monitoringis gegmebi gamosadegi iqneba programis farglebSi
ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis umetesobisTvis. im proeqtebisTvis,
romelTac SeiZleba hqondes garemoze damatebiTi mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba romelic gagebulia, magram srulad araa asaxuli winawar
gansazRvrul Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebSi,
SesaZloa SemuSavdes da proeqtSi Sevides damatebiTi an Secvlili
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmebi. bolos,
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis saboloo gegmebi
TiToeuli saproeqto obieqtisTvis daerTveba kontraqtoris samuSaoTa
moculobis dokuments.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu proeqtisTvis Catarebuli garemosdacviTi mimoxilva
gamoavlens damatebiT SesaZlo mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas garemoze, rac
moiTxovs Semdgom informaciis mopovebasa an analizs qmediTi
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmebis SesamuSaveblad,
an proeqtis Sesrulebadobis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis misaRebad,
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis mier Catardeba damatebiTi
garemosdacviT Sefaseba. damatebiTi garemosdacviT Sefaseba warmoadgens
garemosdacviT Sefasebas, romelic programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis damatebiTia da fokusirdeba mxolod im sakiTxebze, romlebic
saWiroebs Semdgom Seswavlas Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
Sesrulebadobis gansasazRvrad. proeqtebs, romlebic damatebiT
garemosdacviT Sefasebas moiTxovs, aqvs potenciuri arsebiTi
zemoqmedeba garemoze, magram moiTxovs met analizs daskvnis gamosatanad.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis mier SesaZlebelia miRebuli
iyos gadawyvetileba, ar gagrZeldes proeqti damatebiTi garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis Catarebamde. am SemTxvevaSi moiZebneba ufro gamosadegi
adgilmdebareoba proeqtis ganxorcielebisTvis. alternatiuli
adgilmdebareobis (axali obieqtis) garemosdacviTi mimoxilva Catardeba
zemoT aRwerili procedurebis dacviT da waredgineba USAID kavkasiis
regionuli misiis garemosdacviT oficers ganxilvisa da damtkicebiTvis.
4. proeqtis ganxorcieleba an alternatiuli adgilmdebareobis Zebna.
damatebiTi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis Sedegebze dafuZnebiT energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa gadawyvets proeqtis gagrZelebisa Tu
Sewyvetis sakiTxs. Tu miRebulia proeqtis gagrZelebis gadawyvetileba
(SesaZlebelia garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Serbileba da
monitoringis gegmebi qmediTi iqneba), maSin proeqtis ganxorcielebisas
unda gamoiyenebodes programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis qveTavSi 7
winaswar gansazRvruli
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da monitoringis
gegmebi da, amasTan erTad, damatebiT garemosdacviT SefasebaSi
gansazRvruli Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi. Tumca, Tu adgili aqvs
garemoze arsebiT zemoqmedebas da mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi gavlenis
asacileblad araa sakmarisi winaswar da Semdgom gansazRvruli
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi, energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
132
ar ganaxorcielebs proeqts da moiZebneba ufro gamosadegi
adgilmdebareoba.
qvemoT moyvanil qveTavebSi gansazRvrulia garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebi qveTavSi 6 gansazRvruli garemoze yvela mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebisTvis. Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi dakavSirebulia an mibmulia
Sesabamis mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebaze. qveTavSi agreTve warmodgenilia
monitoringis gegma rekomendebuli RonisZiebebis dasanergad. gegma aRwers
Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs da mis gamoyenebas, pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas da
winsvlis, warmatebisa Tu dasrulebis zomebs.
vinaidan programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba exeba proeqtebis did
raodenobas, romlebic, rogorc mosalodnelia, erTmaneTis msgavsi iqneba
zomiTa da masStabiT, Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi masStabisa da midgomis
TvalsazrisiT sakmaod farTod daigegma garemoze zemoqmedebis warmatebiT
Sesamcireblad energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis proeqtebis
umetesobisTvis. Tumca zogierTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi miesadageba
proeqtebis SezRudul raodenobas, vinaidan isini SemuSavda aseve proeqtebis
SezRudul raodenobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli garemoze zemoqmedebis
Sesarbileblad.
am qveTavSi mocemuli yvela Semarbilebeli RonisZieba Sesruldeba, rogorc
proeqtis ganxorcielebis procesis nawili samSeneblo da operirebis
saqmianobis Sedegad SesaZlo zemoqmedebis Sesarbileblad. amas garda proeqtis
ganxorcielebisas yovelTvis Sesruldeba yvela Sesabamisi saxelmwifo an
adgilobrivi kanoni, debuleba da norma.
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7.1 geologia da niadagebi
am qveTavSi warmodgenilia qveTavSi 6.2 – geologia da niadagebi gansazRvruli
garemoze yvela mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegma.
7.1.1 mcire hidroeleqtrodagurebis proeqtebi
zemoqmedebas, rasac adgili aqvs hes-ebis operirebisas Semdegi Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebi Seesabameba:
garemoze zemoqmedeba: fSavelis, lopotas, kabalis da maWaxelas hes-ebis
operirebisas SeiZleba Tavi iCinos geologiurma safrTxem.
garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi:
•
teqnikuri proeqtis SemuSavebis stadiaze geologiuri kvlevis
Catareba Semdegis analizis CaTvliT:
o
gruntis tipi da simyare, imaSi dasarwmuneblad, gauZlebs Tu
ara sayrden struqturebs, eleqtroenergiis gamommuSavebel
nagebobebs, wyalmimRebsa da sadawneo milsadens;
o
miwisqveSa wylis done proeqtis ganxorcielebis adgilze,
gruntis wylebis dinebis mimarTuleba da wyalmatarebeli
Sreebis raodenoba;
o
eleqtroenergiis
siRrme; da
o
gruntis simyare, mewyeris SesaZlebloba garSemo ferdobis
monakveTze da sxva.
gamommuSavebel
nagebobis
saZirkvlis
•
mSenebloba unda ganxorcieldes samSeneblo samuSaoebis normebisa da
standartebis, Sesabamisi teqnikuri, garemosdacviTi, usafrTxoebis da
sxva iuridiuli moTxovnebis dacviT.
•
procedurebis SemuSaveba sagangebo situaciebisTvis, rac
dakavSirebulia wyalmovardnasTan wvimianobis dros.
monitoringis gegma: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
uzrunvelyofs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis CarTvas samSeneblo firmasTan
dadebul kontraqtSi. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
farglebSi SemuSavdeba monitoringis martivi da efeqturi gegma, romelSic
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba Semdegi sakiTxebi:
monitoringis sixSire: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs samSeneblo firmasTan erTad da
uzrunvelyofs kvlevis Catarebas proeqtis danergvamde. monitoringi
moiTxovs erT vizits dasawisSi, regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel)
da saboloo vizits mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg samSeneblo
gamocdilebisa da moxsenebebis mimoxilvisTvis, imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom
geologiuri kvlevis moTxovnebi sruldeba da inergeba.
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba: samSeneblo firma pasuxs agebs yvela
garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis danergvaze. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis daniSnuli warmomadgeneli, romelsac
naswavli aqvs garemosdacviTi Sesabamisoba da monitoringi, pasuxismgebeli
iqneba sainJinro firmis zedamxedvelobaze da darwmundeba yvela
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis danergvaSi.
winsvlis, warmatebisa Tu dasrulebis zomebi: energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programa Caatarebs obieqtebze vizitebs TiToeuli proeqtis
134
farglebSi mSeneblobis fazaSi da am vizitebze dafuZnebiT SeimuSavebs
mokle moxsenebebs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis statusis moxsenebisa da
aRricxvisTvis. moxsenebis nimuSi mocemulia danarTSi v. Semarbilebel
RonisZiebasTan (danergva Tu warumatebloba) an obieqtze arsebul
pirobebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sakiTxi Tu problema dauyovnebliv
gamoswordeba samSeneblo firmis mier energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis zedamxedvelobiT.
obieqtze vizitebsa da moxsenebebze dafuZnebiT energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programa gansazRvravs Tu ramdenad efeqturia monitoringis gegma
da gamoiRo Tu ara sasurveli Sedegi Serbilebis yvela Ronisiebam.
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7.2 wylis resursebi
es qveTavi warmoadgens qveTavSi 6.3 _ wylis resursebi gansazRvruli garemoze
yvela mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmas.
Sesabamisobis zomebi Tu marTvis saukeTeso gamocdileba, rac miesadageba
ganaxlebadi energiisa da energoefeqturobis mcire masStabian proeqtebs,
agreTve miesadageba mcire hes-ebis mSeneblobasa da reabilitacias. mcire
masStabiani mSeneblobis saukeTeso gamocdileba naxsenebia am Tavis SesavalSi
da CarTulia danarTSi T; es sawyis punqts warmoadgens garemosdacviTi
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebis danergvisTvis da unda
arsebobdes Semarbilebeli zomebis efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad.
7.2.1.1 mSenebloba
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra wylis resursebTan
dakavSirebuli potenciurad mniSvnelovani oTxi saxis garemoze zemoqmedeba,
rac Tavs iCens mSeneblobis dros. es zemoqmedeba dakavSirebuli iyo zogad
samSeneblo saqmianobasTan an eqstremalur klimatur pirobebTan. samSeneblo
saqmianobiT gamowveuli garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi aRwerilia qvemoT.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: simRvrivis gazrda mSeneblobis adgilis qvemoT.
samSeneblo saqmianoba saWiroebs gruntis, xreSis da qvebis mdinaris
kalapotidan eqskavacias, amoRebas da/an gadaadgilebas (mag miwayrilebis
asagebad) da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, didi raodenebiT betonis Serevas (anu
mSenebloba masStaburia). es saqmianoba potenciurad warmoSobs didi
raodenobiT suspenzirebul myar nivTierebebs da gazrdis kaSxlis qvemoT
wylis nakadis simRvrives.
garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: samSeneblo saqmianobis dros
didi raodenobiT suspenzirebuli myari nivTierebebis warmoqmnisa da
kaSxlis qvemoT wylis nakadis simRvrivis gazrdis minimizacisTvis,
samSeneblo firma unda:
•
moeridos nakadis blokirebas samSeneblo procesis dros da amrigad
aRmofxvras kaSxlis zemoT wylis Segubebis da datborili velidan
wamosuli suspenzirebuli myari nawilakebis donis zrdas;
•
nakadis droebiT zRuded gamoiyenos betonis yalibebi metad vidre
grunti da amrigad mniSvnelovnad Seamciros niadagis moZraoba da
nakadSi naleqis warmoqmna;
•
moeridos amoRebuli gruntis dagrovebas mdinaris napirebze da/an
dasatbor velebze, amrigad moaxdinos gruntis nakadSi gadasvlis
minimumamde dayvana;
•
mdinaris napiris gaswvriv da sanapiro zolis ekosistemis gruntis
zedapiruli Sre Tavis adgilze daabrunos da aRadginos niadagis
konturebi reliefis Tavdapirveli saxis Sesabamisad; da
•
Seasrulos sainJinro moTxovnebi drenaJis/eroziis prevenciasTan da
samSeneblo meTodebTan dakavSirebiT yvela samSenblo saqmianobis dros.
eseni moicavs gamosadegi sadrenaJo qselebis uzrunvlyofasa da
eqspluatacias, ferdobis kontrols, Ria zedapirebis kompaqtirebas an
mcenareuli safaris aRdgenas da datborvisaken midrekili miwis
zedapirebis dacva.
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uzrunvelyofs maT arsebobas da saqmianobis dasawyisidanve maT gamoyenebas.
monitoringi moiTxovs erT vizits dasawisSi, regularul vizitebs (or
TveSi erTxel) Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis uwyvetobis
uzrunvelsayofad da saboloo vizits mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg,
imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom obieqtze araa datovebuli narCenebi, araa
darCenili amoRebuli gruntis grovebi da niadagis konturebi Seesabameba
reliefis Tavdapirvel saxes.
aRricxvisTvis. moxsenebis nimuSi mocemulia danarTSi z. Semarbilebel
dadebiTad gansazRvra SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar cvlis wylis xarisxs
daRmaval da aRmaval dinebebSi da mSeneblobis ganmavlobaSi Tu mis Semdeg.
uaryofiTi pasuxi SesaZlebelia safuZveli gaxdes Semdegi qmedebebisTvis:
•
monitoringis gegma saWiroebs gadaxedvas da Sesworebas;
•
samSeneblo firma saWiroebs zedamxedvelobis ufro xSirad Catarebas;
da/an
•
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi saWiroebs gadaxedvas da Sesworebas.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: mdinaris nakadis mier gamowveuli eroziis zrda.
samSeneblo saqmianoba saWiroebs gruntis, xreSis da qvebis mdinaris
kalapotidan eqskavacias, amoRebas da/an gadaadgilebas (mag miwayrilebis
asagebad) da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, didi raodenebiT betonis Serevas (anu
mSenebloba masStaburia). es saqmianoba potenciurad zrdis mdinaris nakadis
mier gamowveul erozias (mag rodesac amoRebuli miwa arasworada dagrovili),
ramac SesaZloa gazardos naleqis warmoSoba wylis arxSi da aamaRlos
nakadis simRvrivis done da gamoiwvios cvlilebi dasatbor velebSi.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: samSenelo saqmianobis dros kaSxlis qvemoT
eroziis minimizaciisTvis samSeneblo firma unda:
137
•
moeridos nakadis blokirebas samSeneblo procesis dros da amrigad
aRmofxvras kaSxlis zemoT wylis Segubebis da datborili velidan
wamosuli suspenzirebuli myari nawilakebis donis zrda;
•
nakadis droebiT zRuded gamoiyenos betonis yalibebi metad vidre
grunti da amrigad mniSvnelovnad Seamciros niadagis moZraoba da
nakadSi naleqis warmoqmna;
•
•
mdinaris napiris gaswvriv da sanapiro zolis ekosistemis gruntis
zedapiruli Sre Tavis adgilze daabrunos da aRadginos niadagis
konturebi reliefis Tavdapirveli saxis Sesabamisad;
•
aRadginos xelaxla gamosayneblad vargisi yvela masala arsebuli
struqturebis dangrevisas (mag dazianebuli kaSxlebis);
•
gamoiyenos eroziis kontrolis meTodebi rogoricaa Tivis Sekvrebi
Camorecxvis prevencisTvis;
•
mkacrad daicvas sainJinro moTxovnebi drenaJis/eroziis prevenciasTan
da samSeneblo meTodebTan dakavSirebiT yvela samSenblo saqmianobis
dros. eseni moicavs gamosadegi sadrenaJo qselebis uzrunvlyofasa
da eqspluatacias, ferdobis kontrols, Ria zedapirebis
kompaqtirebas an mcenareuli safaris aRdgenas da datborvisaken
midrekili miwis zedapiris dacva; da
•
minimumamde daiyvanos mZime teqnikis gamoyeneba.
darCenili amoRebuli gruntis grovebi da niadagis konturebi Seesabameba
reliefis Tavdapirvel saxes.
138
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar zrdis erozias,
daSlamianebas, wylis bunebrivi dinebis cvlilebebs da ar ayenebs zians
dausaxlebel niadagebs nagebobis zemoT Tu qvemoT mSeneblobis
ganmavlobaSi Tu mis Semdeg. uaryofiTi pasuxi SesaZlebelia safuZveli
gaxdes Semdegi qmedebebisTvis:
•
•
da/an
•
garemoze zemoqmedeba: mowyobilobebisa da infrastruqturis dazianeba.
wyaldidobam samSeneblo saqmianobis Catarebisas SeiZleba daazianos an
daangrios yalibi sadac betonia Casasxmeli, gabionebi da miwayrilebi, iseve,
rogorc dasatbor velze an mis maxloblad mdebare nebismieri mowyobiloba
da gamoiwvios dinebis reJimisa da dasatbori velis cvlilebebi.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: samSeneblo saqmianobis Catarebisas
wyaldidobis gamo infarstruqturaze zemoqmedebisa da dinebis reJimisa da
dasatbori velis cvlilebebis minimumamde dasayvanad samSemeblo firma
unda:
•
SeZlebisdagvarad moeridos samSeneblo saqmianobis Catarebas
weliwadis tenian periodSi. vinaidan amis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba
sirTules warmoadgendes hes-ebis samSeneblo vadebidan gamomdinare,
saqmianoba ise unda iyos dagegmili, rom weliwadis tenin periodSi
Semcirdes samSeneblo saqmianobis xangrZlivoba.
•
infrastruqtura daaproeqtos ise, rom dasatbori velis doneze
maRla iyos (SeZlebisdagvarad);
•
infrastruqtura daaproeqtos ise, rom riski minimumamde iyos
dayvanili (mag, Sesabamisi teqnikuri proeqti Sesabamisi
profilirebiTa da drenaJiT);
•
moeridos sanitaruli da sxva Senoba-nagebobebis wyaldidobisadmi
midrekil adgilebSi da/an dasatbori velebis maxloblad aSenebas; da
•
gamoiyenos klimaturi pirobebis Sesabamisi masalebi.
monitoringi moiTxovs erT vizits dasawisSi da sxva SesaZlo vizitebs
139
wyalmovardnisa da/an intensiuri wyaldidobis SemTxvevaSi
infrastruqturis mdgomareobis dasadgenad.
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar zrdis dinebis reJimisa da/an
dasatbori velebis cvlilebebs nagebobis zemoT Tu qvemoT da mSeneblobis
ganmavlobaSi Tu mis Semdeg. uaryofiTi pasuxi SesaZlebelia safuZveli
•
•
da/an
•
garemoze zemoqmedeba: dazianebisa da sikvdilis riski muSebis da/an mkvidri
mosaxleobis mimarT. Zlieri wvimebis dros mcire droSi SeiZleba ganviTardes
wyalmovardna, ramac SesaZlebelia safrTxe Seuqmnas axlomdebare adgilebze
muSebsa da mkvidr mosaxleobas. am mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis naTeli
magaliTia maWaxelas hes-i, sadac maqsimalurma nakadma 300m3/wm SeiZleba
gamoiwvios skolis zemoT gamavali arxis dangreva.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: samSeneblo saqmianobisas muSebsa da mkvidr
mosaxleobaze zemoqmedebis minimumamde dasayvanad samSeneblo firmam unda:
•
infrastruqtura daaproeqtos ise, rom dasatbori velis doneze
maRla iyos (SeZlebisdagvarad);
•
Caataros kvleva imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom infrastruqtura
dazianebuli araa da Sesabameba sainJinro proeqtebs;
•
infrastruqtura daaproeqtos ise, rom riski minimumamde iyos
dayvanili (mag, Sesabamisi teqnikuri proeqti Sesabamisi
profilirebiTa da drenaJiT); da
•
gamoiyenos klimaturi pirobebis Sesabamisi masalebi.
140
wyalmovardnisa da/an intensiuri wyaldidobis SemTxvevaSi
infrastruqturis mdgomareobis dasadgenad.
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar zrdis muSebisa da/an mkvidri
mosaxleobis mimarT dazianebisa an sikvdilis riks. uaryofiTi pasuxi
SesaZlebelia safuZveli gaxdes Semdegi qmedebebisTvis:
•
•
samSeneblo firma saWiroebs zedamxedvelobis ufro xSirad
Catarebas; da/an
•
7.2.1.2 operireba
mcire hes-ebis operirebis dros mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Serbileba
damokidebulia rogorc saguldagulod SemuSavebul teqnikur proeqtze, ise
sistemis Sesabamis operirebasa da eqspluataciaze; operirebis da
eqspluataciis Sesabamisi procedurebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qveda
welSi dinebis samarTavad. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma
gansazRvra oTxi mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba wylis resursebze, rac
dakavSirebulia operirebis zogad saqmianobasTan. Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi qvemoTaa moyvanili.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: mdinareebis konservaciuli Rirebulebis Semcireba.
operirebis dros moxdeba wylis gadayvana mcire hes-ebSi, dinebis mniSvnelovani
SemcirebiT gadamyvan farsa da gadamyvan arxs Soris. am Semcirebam SeiZleba
gamoiwvios cvlilebebi datborvis sqemaSi da, agreTve, uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba
iqonis Tevzis raodenobaze mdinaris am monakveTSi, gansakuTrebiT mSral
sezonSi. reabilitaciis Semdeg SesaZlebelia meti wylis gadayvana mcire hes-Si
141
meti raodenobiT eleqtroenergiis sawarmoeblad, ramac SeiZleba potenciurad
gaauaresos zemoqmedeba garemoze.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: datborvis sqemaSi cvlilebebis SesaZleblobis
Sesamcireblad da mdinaris sakonservacio Rirebulebis maqsimumamde
asamaRleblad mcire hes-is operatorma unda:
•
SeinarCunos minimaluri dineba (minimaluri ekologiuri dineba)
mdinareSi, romelic sakmarisi iqneba mdinaris hidrologiis, wylis
xarisxis, arsebuli Tevzisa da cocxali bunebis SenarCunebisTvis
dinebis donis sezonuri cvlilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es minimaluri
saWiro dineba ganisazRvreba konsultaciis Sedegad biologebTan,
romlebic icnoben konkretul mdinaresa da/an konkretul resursebs.
•
SeinarCunos wyliani arxis perimetri yvela sakontrolo struqturaSi
wlis ganmavlobaSi mdinareSi mudmivi dinebiT.
uzrunvelyofs yvela Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis danergvas da SeimuSavebs
monitoringis martiv da efeqtur gegmas, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba
Semdegi sakiTxebi:
uzrunvelyofs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis danergvas da SeimuSavebs
Semdegi sakiTxebi:
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs hes-is operatorTan erTad da
monitoringi moiTxovs erT vizits dasawisSi da sxva vizitebs weliwadis
mSral da nestian dros.
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba yovelTvis inarCunebs minimalur
ekologiur dinebas da ar zrdis cvlilebebs datborvis sqemaSi da arc
uaryofiT gavlenas Tevzis raodenobaze. uaryofiTi pasuxi SesaZlebelia
safuZveli gaxdes Semdegi qmedebebisTvis:
•
142
•
da/an
•
garemoze zemoqmedeba: SemRvreva kaSxlis qvemoT. mcire hes-is operireba
gazrdis simRvrives kaSxlis qvemoT Semdegi mizezebis gamo: 1) kaSxlebi
saWiroebs naleqisgan gawmendas weliwadSi erTxel, rasac moyveba narCenebisa
da gruntis Catana dinebiT; da 2) mcire hes-ebs, sadac xelovnuri wyalsacavebia
Seqmnili an adgili aqvs kaSxlis reabilitaciis/mSeneblobis gamo datborvas
(mag lopota), garkveuli zemoqmedeba eqneba wylis xarisxze, vinaidan datborva
amcirebs wylis dinebis siCqares da iwvevs naleqis warmoqmnas rezervuarSi an
datboril adgilas. regularuli saeqspluatacio momsaxureba SesaZloa ufro
xSirad iyos Casatarebeli, es ki gamoiwvevs mdinaris dinebis mier narCenebisa
da gruntis Catanas.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: kaSxlis qvemoT nakadis simRvrivis
Sesamcireblad, rac yovelwliuri saeqspluatacio momsaxurebiTaa
gamowveuli mcire hes-is operatorma unda:
•
gamoiyenos saukeTeso gamocdilebis praqtika wylis xarisxis
SesanarCuneblad saeqspluatacio momsaxurebis dros, dasufTavebis
CaTvliT (mag Slamis Semkaveblebis gamoyeneba, kaSxlidan amoRebuli
gruntis da narCenebis dagroveba mdinaris napiridan moSorebiT,
SeZlebisdagvarad sanapiro zolis mcenareuli safaris SenarCuneba da a.
S.);
•
saqmianobis grafiki sworad SeimuSavos, dagegmos saeqspluatacio
momsaxureba mSrali sezonis dros erozis minimumamde dasayvanad,
dagegmos naleqis Semakavebeli mowyobilobebis dayeneba da ZiriTadi
gadinebis sakontrolo zomebi miwis masStaburi samuSaoebis (rogoricaa
gawmenda da eqskavacia da a.S.) Catarebis win naleqis warmoSobis
minimumamde dasyvanad;
•
milsadenis/gvirabis gasawmendad, Camonadeni wylis samarTavad gamoiyenos
SenaerTebi, romlebic biologiurad iSleba; da
•
Sesabamisad daicvas napiri sadrenaJo zonaSi eroziis Tavidan
asacileblad (mcenareuli safaris aRdgena da marTva), naleqis
Semakavebeli mowyobilobebis gamoyeneba da wylis nakadis minimaluri
moculobis dadgena da SenarCuneba.
Semdegi sakiTxebi:
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs operatorTan erTad da
uzrunvelyofs maT arsebobas da kaSxlis eqspluataciis dasawyisidanve maT
gamoyenebas. monitoringi moiTxovs erT vizits kaSxlis eqspluataciis dros
programis arsebobis ganmavlobaSi.
143
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar zrdis simRvrives da arc
uaryofiTad moqmedebs wylis xarisxze operirebisa da eqspluataciis dros.
•
•
samSeneblo firma saWiroebs zedamxedvelobis ufro xSirad
Catarebas; da/an
•
garemoze zemoqmedeba: mdinaris cvlileba arxis Seqmnis gamo. proeqts,
romelic moicavs kaSxlis masStabur mSeneblobas (mag lopota), eqneba
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba mdinaris arsebul geomorfologiaze kaSxlis
qvemoT dinebis reJimis Secvlis gamo.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: dinebis reJimisa da mdinaris geomorfologiis
SesaZlo cvlilebebis Sesamcireblad mcire hes-is operatorma unda:
•
gamoiyenos saukeTeso gamocdilebis praqtika wylis xarisxis
SesanarCuneblad saeqspluatacio momsaxurebis dros, dasufTavebis
CaTvliT (mag Slamis Semkaveblebis gamoyeneba, kaSxlidan amoRebuli
gruntis da narCenebis dagroveba mdinaris napiridan moSorebiT,
SeZlebisdagvarad sanapiro zolis mcenareuli safaris SenarCuneba da a.
S.);
•
saqmianobis grafiki sworad SeimuSavos, dagegmos saeqspluatacio
momsaxureba mSrali sezonis dros erozis minimumamde dasayvanad,
dagegmos naleqis Semakavebeli mowyobilobebis dayeneba da ZiriTadi
gadinebis sakontrolo zomebi miwis masStaburi samuSaoebis Catarebis
win naleqis warmoSobis minimumamde dasyvanad;
•
Sesabamisad daicvas napiri sadrenaJo zonaSi eroziis Tavidan
asacileblad (mcenareuli safaris aRdgena da marTva), mdinaris
kalapotidan msxvili warmonaqmnebis amoReba da naleqis Semakavebeli
mowyobilobebis gamoyeneba; da
•
daadginos da SeinarCunos wylis nakadis minimaluri moculoba (wylis
raodenoba, rac saWiroa gadamyvani mowyobilobis qvemoT ekologiuri
Tvisebebis SesanarCuneblad) da gamoiyenos napiris dacvis meTodebi
mcenareTa dargvisa da daTesvis CaTvliT.
Semdegi sakiTxebi:
144
(weliwadSi erTxel) proeqtis arsebobis ganmavlobaSi mdinaris da ,
regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel) semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
gamoyenebis uwyvetobis uzrunvelsayofad da saboloo vizits kaSxlis
qvemoT mdinaris geomorfologiis monitoringis gansaxorcieleblad.
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar warmoqmnis dinebis reJimis
cvlilebas kaSxlis qvemoT. uaryofiTi pasuxi SesaZlebelia safuZveli
•
monitoringis gegms saWiroebs gadaxedvas da Sesworebas;
•
da/an
•
qvemoT moyvanili cxrili ajamebs zemoqmedebebs garemoze da amasTan
dakavSirebul Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs mcire hes-ebis mSeneblobisa da
operirebis fazebSi.
7.2.2 bunbrivi gazis gamanawilebeli sistemebi
Sesabamisobis zomebi an marTvis saukeTeso gamocdileba, romelic miesadageba
ganaxlebadi energiis da energoefeqturobis proeqtebs, miesadageba agreTve
bunebrivi gazis sistemebis mSeneblobasa da reabilitacias. mcire masStabiani
mSeneblobis saukeTeso gamocdileba ganxilulia an Tavis SesavalSi da
CarTulia danarTSi T; es sawyisi punqtia Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da
monitoringis gegmebis danergvaSi da saWiroa Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad.
7.2.1.1 mSenebloba
mSeneblobisas, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra
wylis resursebTan dakavSirebuli potenciurad mniSvnelovani ori saxis
garemoze zemoqmedeba. es zemoqmedeba dakavSirebuli iyo zogad samSeneblo
145
saqmianobasTan. samSeneblo saqmianobiT gamowveuli garemoze mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi aRwerilia
qvemoT.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: mdinaris nakadis mier gamowveuli eroziis zrda.
samSeneblo saqmianoba saWiroebs gruntis, xreSis da qvebis eqskavacias,
amoRebas da/an gadaadgilebas. Tu es saqmianoba tardeba mdinaris napiris
maxloblad, man SesaZloa gazardos mdinaris nakadis mier gamowveul erozia,
ramac SesaZloa gazardos naleqis warmoSoba wylis arxSi da aamaRlos
nakadis simRvrivis done da gamoiwvios cvlilebi dasatbor velebSi.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: samSenelo saqmianobis dros eroziis
minimizaciisTvis samSeneblo firma unda:
•
moeridos xreSis da sxva samSeneblo masalis gamoyenebas mdinaris
napirebidan da/an kalapotidan;
•
•
mdinaris napiridan xreSis gamoiyenebis SemTxvevaSi, mdinaris napiris
gaswvriv da sanapiro zolis ekosistemis gruntis zedapiruli Sre
Tavis adgilze daabrunos da aRadginos niadagis konturebi reliefis
Tavdapirveli saxis Sesabamisad;
•
icodes, rom gvalvian zonebSi uecarma wvimebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios
arxSi Zlieri wyalmovardna. sadrenaJo milma SeiZleba ver
uzrunvelyos sakmarisi simZlavre wylis maRali moculobiT
mimdinare iSviaTi movlenebis dros, rogoricaa wyalmovardna; da
•
minimumamde daiyvanos mZime teqnikis gamoyeneba.
TveSi erTxel) semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis uwyvetobis
darCenili amoRebuli gruntis grovebvi.
146
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar zrdis erozias,
daSlamianebas, wylis bunebrivi dinebis cvlilebebs da Ria adgilebs
nagebobis zemoT Tu qvemoT mSeneblobis ganmavlobaSi Tu mis Semdeg.
•
monitoringis gegms saWiroebs gadaxedvas da Sesworebas;
•
da/an
•
garemoze zemoqmedeba: zedapiruli da gruntis wylebis dabinZureba. milsadens
dasWirdeba antikoroziuli saRebavi, romelmac SeiZleba daazianos
zedapiruli da gruntis wylebi, Tu adgili ar eqneba Sesabamis mopyrobasa da
marTvas. zogierT SemTxvevaSi milsadeni mdinares gadakveTs arsebuli xidis
meSveobiT da milsadenis SeRebvisas SeiZleba SemTxveviT moxdes saRebavis
daRvra.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: samSeneblo saqmianobisas zedapiruli da
gruntis wylis resursebis dabinZurebis minimumamde dasayvanad samSeneblo
firmam unda:
•
gamoiyenos SedarebiT sufTa produqcia da/an mwvane teqnologiebi
(mag ara toqsiuri saRebavebi);
•
hqondes saRebavebisa da gamxsnelebis Sesabamisi Sesanaxi adgili,
sadac moxerxdeba am siTxeebis Sekaveba SesaZlo daRvris SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac ar xdeba maTi xmareba; SeimuSavos saRebavebisa da
gamxsnelebis Sesabamisi mopyrobisa da gacemis procedura;
•
Tavidan aicilos saxifaTo masalebis daRvra. dawvas narCeni masalebi,
rac araa mravaljeradi moxmarebis/ar eqvemdebareba gadamuSavebas, ar
Siecavs mZime metalebs da aalebadia;
•
moiZios da gamoiyenos naklebad toqsikuri alternatiuli produqcia;
•
gansazRvros, aris Tu ara toqsikuri masalebi. Tu SesaZlebelia,
narCenebi gaitanos Signidan mopirkeTebul nagavsayrelze. sxva
SemTxvevaSi, gansazRvros xelaxla gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba zonebSi,
sadac zedapiruli da wyalqveSa wylebis dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba
mcirea;
•
gansazRvros biujetSi mocemulidan, masalebis garemosdacviTi
TvalsazrisiT yvelaze myari wyaro;
•
saRebavi da gamwmendi xsnari Seisydos mSeneblobis bolo fazaSi
xangrZlivi Senaxvis Tavidan asacileblad;
•
moaTavsos celofani an qaRaldi milis monakveTis qveS, romlis
SeRebvac xdeba, raTa SeizRudos garemoSi gaJonva;
147
•
gamoiyenos meoradi Semakavebeli mowyobilobebi, romlebic zomiT
saRebavis konteinerebze ufro didia, im konteinerebis Sesanaxad,
romlebic xmarebis procesSia, daRvrili saRebaviTa da gamxsneliT
niadagis dabinZurebis safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad; da
•
SeRebviTi samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg yvela narCeni masala
(saRebavis konteinerebi, gamwmendi nivTierebebi da a.S.) Cados
celofnis parkSi, romelic hermetulad ixureba da moepyros
saqarTvelos Sesabamisi kanonebis mixedviT.
imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom obieqtze araa datovebuli dasxmuli narCeni
saRebavi.
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar zrdis zedapiruli da/an
gruntis wylebis dabinZurebas mSeneblobis ganmavlobaSi Tu mis Semdeg.
•
•
da/an
•
7.2.1.2 operireba
148
bunebrivi gazis sistemebis operirebis dros mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis
Serbileba damokidebulia rogorc saguldagulod SemuSavebul teqnikur
proeqtze, ise sistemis Sesabamis operirebasa da eqspluataciaze. programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma gansazRvra erTi mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba
wylis resursebze, rac dakavSirebulia eqstremalur/arasaxarbielo klimatur
pirobebTan. Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmebi qvemoTaa
moyvanili.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: dazianebisa da sikvdilis riski muSebis da/an mkvidri
mosaxleobis mimarT. Zlieri wvimebis dros mcire droSi SeiZleba ganviTardes
wyalmovardna, ramac SesaZlebelia daazianos bunebrivi gazis milsadenebi,
gamoiwvios gaJonva da safrTxe Seuqmnas adgilobriv mosaxleobas.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: muSebsa da mkvidr mosaxleobaze zemoqmedebis
minimumamde dasayvanad bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebeli unda:
•
darwmundes, rom gazis wnevis maregulirebeli da usafrTxoebis
(gadasaketi) sarqvelebi arsebobs da samuSao mdgomareobaSia;
•
Caataros swavleba gaJonvis SemTxvevaSi usafrTxoebis sakiTxebisa da
procedurebis codnis uzrunvelsayofad:
•
darwmundes, rom informacia usafrTxoebis wesebisa da procedurebis
Sesaxeb arsebobs da yvelas miuwvdeba xeli mis wakiTxvaze;
•
darwmundes, rom milsadenis sayrdeni struqturebi (rodesac milsadeni
miwis zemoTaa) usafrTxodaa damagrebuli betonis sadgamebze; da
•
moeridos milsadenis moTavsebas mdinaris napiris maxloblad da
mdinaris gadakveTas. Tu amis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia, unda ecados
arsebuli struqturebis (mag xidebis) gamoyenebas milsadenis
wyaldidobisgan dasacavad.
uzrunvelyofs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis arsaebobas operirebis
dasawyisSi da SeimuSavebs monitoringis martiv da efeqtur gegmas,
romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba Semdegi sakiTxebi:
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebelTan
erTad da uzrunvelyofs maT arsebobas da saqmianobis dasawyisidanve maT
gamoyenebas. monitoringi moiTxovs erT vizits dasawisSi da sxva SesaZlo
vizitebs, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moxda wyalmovardna da/an intensiuri
wyaldidoba, ifrastruqturis mdgomareobis dasadgenad proeqtis moqmedebis
manZilze.
149
Sesruldeba Semdegi kriteriumebi: nageboba ar uqmnis muSebsa da mkvidr
mosaxleobas dazianebisa Tu sikvdilis risks. uaryofiTi pasuxi
SesaZlebelia gamSvebi safuZveli Semdegi qmedebebisTvis:
•
•
da/an
•
150
7.3 biologiuri resursebi
am qveTavSi warmodgenilia qveTavSi 6.4 – biologiuri resursebi gansazRvruli
7.3.1 mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis
7.3.1.1 mSenebloba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: zemoqmedeba Tevzebis qviriTobaze da frinvelebis
bartyobaze. samSeneblo samuSaoTa grafikis dadgena umniSvnelovanesi
faqtoria, romelic gavlenas axdens zemoqmedebis intensivobaze. mSeneblobis
zemoqmedeba weliwadis droebis mixedviT aseTia: gazafxuli (marti-aprilimaisi), zafxuli (ivnisi), Semodgoma (seqtemberi-oqtomberi-noemberi). Tu
mSeneblobis grafiki SemuSavebulia ise, rom emTxveva qviriTobas da bartyobas,
zemoqmedeba mniSvnelovani iqneba.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: sasurvelia moveridoT samSeneblo saqmianobas
gamravlebis sezonebis dros. Tevzebis saxeobaTa umravlesobisTvis
gamravlebis sezoni aris Semodgoma (seqtemberi-oqtomberi-noemberi).
gamravlebis sezoni mobudari gamkeTebeli frinvelebisTvis aris gazafxuli
(marti-aprili-maisi) da zafxuli (ivnisi).
uzrunvelyofs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis (sezonuri samSeneblo
SezRudvebi) CarTvas samSeneblo firmasTan dadebul kontraqtSi.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis farglebSi SemuSavdeba
monitoringis martivi da efeqturi gegma, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli
iqneba Semdegi sakiTxebi:
darwmundeba kvlevis CatarebaSi proeqtis ganxorcielebamde. monitoringi
moiTxovs regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel) mSeneblobis dros.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: wylis nakadis Semcireba. mcire hes-ebis mSeneblobisas
saWiros nakadis kaSxlidan droebiT gadayvanas. nakadis blokireba amoaSrobs
151
arxs kaSxalsa da amqcev gamSvebs Soris, rac mniSvnelovan uaryofiT
zemoqmedebas gamoiwvevs wylis binadar saxeobebze.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi:
•
moerideT nakadis blokirebas samSeneblo procesis dros.
umniSvnelovanesia dinebis sakmarisi moculobis SenarCuneba kaSxalsa da
amqcev arxs Soris.
•
nakadis droebiT zRuded gamoiyeniT betonis yalibebi metad vidre
grunti. betonis yalibebis gamoyeneba Seamcirebs da nakadSi naleqis
warmoqmnas;
mSeneblobis dros da saboloo vizits mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg.
soflad programa gansazRvravs, Tu ramdenad efeqturia monitoringis gegma
garemoze zemoqmedeba: axali xazovani nagebobebis aSeneba. araa mosalodneli
axali misasvleli gzebis, gasasvlelebis an gadamcemi xazebis mSenebloba, rac
gamoiwvevda mcenareuli safaris darRvevas. gamonakliss warmoadgens fSavelis
hes-i sadac 10km gadamcemi xazis mSeneblobaa dagegmili. vinaidan mSeneblobis
gamo daziandeba tyis daaxloebiT 1 heqtramde, adgili eqneba grZelvadian,
saSualo simZimis gavlenas mcenareul safarze, aqedan gamomdinare, es
mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebad CaiTvleba.
•
fSavelis zonaSi unda Catardes Semdgomi Sefaseba, raTa ganisazRvros
teritoriaze gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myof mcenareTa saxeobebis
arseboba.
152
•
xeebis bunebrivi saxeobebis aRdgena. merqniani mcenareebis adeqvaturi
aRdgenis uzrunvelsayofad, merqnuli saxeobebis revegetacia moxdeba
tyis safaris aRdgenaSi gamocdilebis mqone kvalificiuri biologis
mier dadgenili SefardebiT. biologi, romelic SeimuSavebs tyis safaris
aRdgenis gegmas damtkicebuli iqneba energetikis ganvitareba soflad
programis mier.
7.3.1.2 operireba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: mdinaris nakadis Semcireba. mdinaris nakadi kaSxlidan
eleqtroenergiis mwarmoebel nagebobamde mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba mcire hesebis proeqtebis gamo. Tumca nakadis minimaluri moculoba SenarCundeba Tevzis
sakmarisi populaciis SesanarCuneblad. winaaRmeg SemTxvevaSi weliwadis
mSral, uwvimo periodSi adgli eqneba mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas Tevzis
populaciaze.
•
minimaluri nakadis SenarCuneba moxdeba mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi (yvela
sezonis dros) Tevzis sakmarisi populaciis SesanarCuneblad. mSrali
sezonisas minimaluri nakadis SesanarCuneblad SeiZleba
eleqtrosadguris muSaoba SeCerdes.
•
nakadis moculobis sezonuri moTxovnebis dasadgenad, rac saWiroa
Tevzis janmrTeli populaciis SesanarCuneblad, moxdeba konsultacia
biologTan, romelic icnobs zemoqmedebis qveS myof Tevzis populacias,
da aqvs kvalifikacia nakadis minimaluri moculobis dasadgenad.
153
moiTxovs regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel) mSral periodebSi.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: Tevzis dakargva. hidroeleqtrul sistemas gadayavs
mdinaris nakadis nawili turbinis gavliT. turbinaSi gamaval wyalSi arsebuli
axalgazrda Tevzebi SeiZleba ver gadarCnen (CaTreva). rogorc axalgazda, ise
SesaZlebelia, mozrdili Tevzebi SeiZleba ver gadaurCnen dartymas wyalmimReb
nagebobaze da Tevzisgan damcav cxaurze. Sesabamisi literaturis mixedviT
yvela mdinareze, romelTaTvisac gaTvlilia warmomadgenlobiTi hes-ebi, aris
Tevzis wiTel wignSi Sesuli saxeobebi (mag Salmo fario). amitom mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebis operirebis fazas mosalodnelia Sedegad moyves mcire zomis
Tevzze saSualo simZimis an, SesaZloa, mniSvnelovni zemoqmedeba zogerT hes-ze.
•
Tevzis sensitiur populaciaze zemoqmedebis minimumamde dasayvanad Tevzebis
adgilobrivi da migrirebadi saxeobebisTvis Tevzis gasasvlelebis –
safexurebrivi da amqcevi gasasvlelebi unda daematos mcire hes-is teqnikur
proeqts.
•
Tevzis hes-isgan (CaTrevisgan) aridebis misaRwevad alternatiuli
gadawyvetileba warmoadgens Tevzisgan damcavi cxaurebis dayenebas arxis
wyalmimRebSi, sadac wyali gadayvanilia mdinaris bunebrivi kalapotidan.
aseTi cxauris ujredis sidide daaxloebiT aris 3mmX3mm. amiT xdeba didi
zomis da garkveuli raodenobiT mcire zomis Tevzs CaTrevisgan dacva.
saeqspluatacio personalis mier cxauri periodulad unda gaiwmindos
WuWyisa da narCenebisgan turbinaSi adeqvaturi sididis nakadis
SenarCunebisTvis.
154
•
mcire hes-is teqnikuri proeqtis dasrulebamde moxdeba konsultacia
biologTan, romelic icnobs zemoqmedebis qveS myofi Tevzis populacias, da
aqvs Sesabamisi kvalifikacia zemoT xsenebuli erTi an orive Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebis dasadgenad. biologis daniSvnis mowoneba moxdeba energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis mier.
155
7.4 adamianuri resursebi
am qveTavSi warmodgenilia qveTavSi 6.5 – adamianuri resursebi gansazRvruli
7.4.1 mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi
7.4.1.1 mSenebloba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: adgilobriv mosaxleobasa da dasaxlebul punqtebze
zemoqmedeba droebiT momuSave pirebis obieqtze yofnis gamo.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: mSeneblobis samuSao vadebis dadgena da maTi
Sesruleba, rac minimumamde daiyvans Cveuli saqmianobis Seferxebas
samSeneblo obieqtze da mis maxloblad. saTvirTo manqanebisa da sxva
samSeneblo saqmianobis koordinireba xmauris, sagzao mimosvlisa da mtvris
minimumamde dasayvanad.
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs samSeneblo firmasTan erTad.
monitoringi moiTxovs regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel)
mSeneblobis dros.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: safrTxeSia maWaxelaSi arxis struqturuli mTlianoba.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: damatebiTi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
momzadeba mosaxleobis mimarT wyaldidobiTa da maWaxelas mimwodebeli
arxis damcirebiT gamowveuli safrTxis Semarbilebeli Ronisiebebis
dasadgenad.
156
monitoringis sixSire: ar Seesabameba
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
samSeneblo firmasTan erTad pasuxismgebelia damatebiTi garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis Catarebaze da arxis mTlianobis vargisi Sefasebis mowodebaze.
soflad programa Caatarebs damatebiT garemosdacviT Sefasebas maWaxelas
arxze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: hes-is daxurvam SesaZlebelia umuSevrobis problema
gamoiwvios.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: adgilobriv partniorebTan da uflebamosil
uwyebebTan konsultaciis safuZvelze samuSaoze ayvanis gegmis SemuSaveba
da pirobebis axsna adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis.
monitoringis sixSire: ar ganixileba
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
pasuxismgebeli iqneba samuSaoze ayvanis gegmaze da pirobebis adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisTvis axsnaze.
soflad programa adgilobriv monawileebsa da uflebamosil uwyebebTan
erTad SeimuSavebs samuSaoze ayvanis gegmas.
garemoze zemoqmedeba: samSeneblo saqmianobam SesaZlebelia adgilobriv Temze
iqonios gavlena.
•
jandacvisa da muSebis usafrTxoebis zomebis SemuSaveba da danergva
mSeneblobis dros.
•
sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis zomebis SemuSaveba da danergva
mSeneblobis dros. usafrTxoebis zomebis axsna adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisTvis.
monitoringi moiTxovs regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel) Mseneblobis
dros.
157
7.4.1.2 operireba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: operirebam SesaZlebelia adgilobriv Temze iqonios
gavlena.
•
jandacvisa da muSebis usafrTxoebis zomebis SemuSaveba da danergva
operirebis dros.
•
sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis zomebis SemuSaveba da danergva
operirebis dros. usafrTxoebis zomebis axsna adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisTvis.
•
maWaxelaSi gaacaniT gamanawilebel kompanias transformatorebis swori
eqspluataciis saWiroeba, SeiZleba adgili hqondes PCB Semcveli zeTis
gaJonvas.
monitoringi moiTxovs regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel)
mSeneblobis dros.
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba: operatori pasuxs agebs yvela garemosdacviTi
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis danergvaze. energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programa pasuxismgebeli iqneba sainJinro firmis zedamxedvelobaze da
darwmundeba yvela Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis danergvaSi.
aRricxvisTvis. moxsenebis nimuSi mocemulia danarTSi v Semarbilebel
158
7.4.2 bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebeli sistemebis zemoqmedeba
7.4.2.1 mSenebloba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: xanZrisa da afeTqebis gazrdili riski da profesiuli
da sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis sxva safrTxe.
•
milsadenis mSeneblobisas mosalodnelia avtomanqanebze dayenebuli
SemduRebeli aRWurvilobis gamoyeneba. SeduRebisas xanZris gaCenisa da
afeTqebis riskis Sesamcireblad sertificirebul SemduRebelTa jgufi
darwmundeba, rom aRWurviloba Sesabamis samuSao mdgomareobaSia da araa
afeTqebisa da xanZris gaCenis safrTxe. SesaduRebeli samuSaoebis
Casatareblad daiqiraveben mxolod sertificirebul SemduRebelTa
jgufebs. 3
•
muSebis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis mimarT safrTxis
Sesarbileblad proeqtis ganxorcielebisas, ganmaxorcielebel
organizacias Cautardeba swavleba. amas garda, proeqtis
ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneben usafrTxoebisa da sagangebo situaciebSi
reagirebis gegmebs. usafrTxoebis swavleba saWiroa ZiriTadi
personalisTvis mSeneblobisa da sistemis funqcionirebis dawyebamde.
•
nebismieri gaTxriTi sanuSaos Catarebis win uwyeba, romelic
axorcielebs samuSaos, Caatarebs niadagis damcav gamagrebas xis damWeri
struqturebis agebis meSveobiT miwis CamoSlis Tavidan asacileblad.
filisa da saerTod milsadenis simyarisTvis, ormoebi amoivseba xreSis,
qviSisa da cementis nareviT.
•
operirebis dros sazogadoebis dasacavad, zonebi, romlebic safrTxes
warmoadgenen sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mimarT, mag, sadac Caideba
milebi da xorcieldeba maTi SeduReba, an sadac ganlagebulia didi
zomis aRWurviloba (mag maregulirebeli mowyobilobebi), dadgindeba
SezRuduli SeRwevis zonebad da iq Sesvla mxolod uflebamosili
personalisTvis iqneba nebadarTuli. daayeneben Sesabamis niSnebsa da
barierebs.
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs samSeneblo firmasTan erTad da da
darwmundeba kvlevis CatarebaSi proeqtis dawyebamde. monitoringi
3
aq motanili Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisTvis gamoyenebulia terminologia,
amoRebuli USAID-is mier lixaurSi da kexijvarSi (saqarTvelo) bunebrivi gazis
gamanawilebeli sistemebisTvis damtkicebuli Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da
monitoringis adrindeli gegmebidan.
159
7.4.2.2 operireba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: xanZrisa da afeTqebis gazrdili riski da profesiuli
da sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis sxva safrTxe.
•
mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg, rodesac milsadeni funqcionirebas
daiwyebs da gazi miewodeba saboloo momxmarebels, SesaZloa adgili
hqondes gazis gaJonvis risks. gazis gaJonvis safrTxis Sesarbileblad
kvalificirebulma personalma unda Caataros milsadenis mudmivi
inspeqtireba im procedurebis Sesabamisad, romlebic mocemuli iqneba
nagebobis operirebisa da eqspluataciis saxelmZRvaneloSi. inspeqtireba
moicavs ZiriTadi milsadenis daTvalierebas da kerZo ganStoebebis
gasinjvas.
•
milsadenis ucabedi dazianebis SemTxvevaSi avtosagzao mimosvlis
CarTviT, operirebis uwyebis mier dauyovnebliv Catardeba remonti zianis
aRmosafxvrelad sakontrolo sarqvlis daxurvis meSveobiT mTeli
sistemis gaTiSviT, ise, rom gazi ar Sediodes milsadenSi.
•
muSebis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis mimarT safrTxis
Sesarbileblad proeqtis ganxorcielebisas, ganmaxorcielebel
organizacias Cautardeba swavleba. amas garda, proeqtis
ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneben usafrTxoebisa da sagangebo situaciebSi
reagirebis gegmebs. usafrTxoebis swavleba saWiroa ZiriTadi
personalisTvis mSeneblobisa da sistemis funqcionirebis dawyebamde.
•
operirebis dros sazogadoebis dasacavad, zonebi, romlebic safrTxes
warmoadgenen sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis mimarT, mag, sadac Caideba
milebi da xorcieldeba maTi SeduReba, an sadac ganlagebulia didi
zomis aRWurviloba (mag maregulirebeli mowyobilobebi), dadgindeba
SezRuduli SeRwevis zonebad da iq Sesvla mxolod uflebamosili
personalisTvis iqneba nebadarTuli. daayeneben Sesabamis niSnebsa da
barierebs.
160
mimoixilavs Semarbilebel RonisZiebebs operatorTan erTad da darwmundeba
kvlevis CatarebaSi proeqtis dawyebamde. monitoringi moiTxovs erT vizits
dasawisSi, regularul vizitebs (or TveSi erTxel) mSeneblobis dros da
semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis uwyvetobis uzrunvelsayofad da
saboloo vizits mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg.
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba: bunebrivi gazis dsitributori pasuxs agebs
yvela garemosdacviTi Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis danergvaze. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa pasuxismgebeli iqneba sainJinro firmis
zedamxedvelobaze da darwmundeba yvela Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis
danergvaSi.
161
7.5 kulturuli resursebi
am qveTavSi warmodgenilia qveTavSi 6.6 – kulturuli resursebi gansazRvruli
es qveTavi warmoadgens qveTavSi 6.6 – kulturuli resursebi gansazRvruli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmas, ramdenadac isini exeba mcire hes-ebis
proeqtebs.
7.5.1.1 mSenebloba
garemoze zemoqmedeba: samSeneblo saqmianobam SesaZloa gavlena moaxdinos
istoriul Tu preistorul resursebze.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi: im adgliebSi sadac moxdeba manamde
xeluxlebeli miwis gaTxra, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces
arqeologiuri Tu paleontologiuri resursebis aRmoCenis SesaZleblobas.
nebismieri aseTi resursi unda aRiricxos kulturis saministros
warmomadgenlis mier, romelic daniSnuli iqneba samSeneblo procesze
zedamxedvelobis gasawevad. aseTi obieqtebis Sefaseba da garemoze SesaZlo
zemoqmedebis Serbileba ganisazRvreba aRmoCenasa da samSeneblo saqmianobis
gagrZelebas Soris drois periodSi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi samSeneblo
saqmianoba ise iqneba organizebuli, rom damatebiTi arqeologiuri
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebis Catarebis da/an monacemTa aRdgenis saSualeba
iyos.
darwmundeba kvlevis CatarebaSi proeqtis danergvamde. monitoringi
damokidebuli iqneba mSeneblobis ganxorcielebaze ukvegamoyenebuli zonis
gareT.
162
163
8. garemosdacviTi menejmenti da treningi
energetikis ganaviTareba soflad programa SeimuSavebs garemoscdacviTi
marTvis gegmas yvela im garemosdacviTi aspeqtebis samarTavad, rac
ukavSirdeba proeqtis ganxorcielebas. es aris mTavari gasaRebi saerTo
codnisa da moqmedi meqanizmis da proeqtiT gamowveuli garemos cvlilebebis
gagebis gasaumjobeseblad. es nawili aRwers garemosdacviTi marTvis gegmas
energetkis ganviTareba soflad programisaTvis, romelic fokusirebas axdens
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis oTx ZiriTad aspeqtze: monitoringis
programa, kontraqtorebis menejmenti, sainformacio da sakomunikacio
saqmianoba, da treningis saWiroeba.
8.1. monitoringis programa da kontraqtorebis menejmenti
imis uzrunvelyofad, rom programuli garemosdacviTi SefasebaSi xazgasmuli
Serbilebisa da monitoringis yvela winaswar gansazRvruli mTxovna da is
damatebiTi moTxovnebi, romlebic viTardeba Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da
monitoringis gegmis ganxorcielebisas garemosdacviTi SesabamisobiT,
ganxorcielebulia energetikis ganaviTareba soflad programa SeimuSavebs
martiv da efeqtur sqemas, romelic moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad elemetebs:
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebani, monitoringis sixSire da pasuxismgeblobis
ganawileba. 8-1 cxrili ajamebs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis
gegmis moTxovnebs yvela garemosdacviTi saqmianobisTvis, rac mocemulia
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis 6 da 7 qveTavebSi. 8-1 cxrilSi
mocemuli informacia momavalSi ufro ganviTardeba TiToeuli obeiqtisaTvis,
sxva damatebiTi informaciiT, romelic Segrovebulia garemo procedurebis
moqmedebisas da mocemulia 1, 2 da 3 punqtebSi da xazgasmulia me-7 nawilis
dasawyisSi. saboloo produqti iqneba ganviTarebis cocxli sistema, raTa
uzrunvelyos rom yvela Semarbilebeli Ronisieba, monitoringi da
Sesabamisobis moTxovnebi warmatebulad iqnas damtkicebuli, ganxorcielebuli
da Cawerili.
8.1.1. kontraqtorTa menejmenti
yvela samSeneblo saqmianoba da proeqtis ganxorcieleba moxdeba adgilobrivi
kontraqtorebis mier. energetikis ganviTerba soflad programa uzrunvelyofs,
rom yvela kontraqtors hqondes programuli garemosdacviTi SefasebaSi
aRniSnuli saukeTeso sanSeneblo da menejmentis praqtika (danarTi z)
samSeneblo saqmianobis dros da zedamxedvelobas gauwevs kontraqtoris
garemosdacviT da samSeneblo saqmianobaSi obeqtze vizitebis da
monitoringis moxsenebebis saSualebiT (danarTi v).
kontraqtoris monitoringi emyareba kriteriumebisa da maCveneblebis kargi
garemosdacviTi da socialuri practikis sistemas. es maCveneblebi da
kriteriumebi ganisazRvreba saitis specifiur mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebaze
dayrdnobiT. maCveneblebma SesaZloa ganasxvaon erTi proeqti meorisagan:
Tumca, tipiuri elementebi aseT monitoringis programaSi Semdegia:
•
samSeneblo saqmianobis monitoringi;
•
saukeTeso garemosdacviTi praqtikis da sakontraqto pirobebis Sesulebis
kontroli; da
•
am proeqtisaTvis aRwerili nebismieri trening gegmis ganxorcielebis da
efeqturobis monitoringi.
164
8.2. sainformacio da sakomunikacio qmedebebi
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa SeimuSavebs sainformacio da
sakomunikacio gegmebs, raTa saTemo kavSirebis, romlebzec moxdeba zegavlena,
monawileobrivi damokidebulebisa da praqtikis uzrunvelsayofad. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa imuSavebs saTemo kavSirebTan sazogadoebrivi
konsultaciis meSveobiT genderuli mgrZnobelobis da kulturuli
mravalferovnebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT.
Temebis nimuSebi, romlebic daifareba sakomunikacio gegmebiT, moicavs:
•
proeqtTan dakavSirebul garemosdacviT safrTxes;
•
usafrTxoebis informacia da sagangebo gegmebi; da
•
proeqtis sargebeli; da a.S.
informacia gadaecema dainteresebul mxareebs Sexvedrebis dros, rogorc es
mocemulia GESI proeqtSi. GESI Tanaxmad, saTemo kavSirebis Sexvedrebi
gaimarTeba yovelTviurad sadac samTavrobo pirebi, Temis liderebi
regionaluri eqspertebi da dainteresebuli Temis wevrebi Sexvdebian proeqtis
ganmaxorcieleblebs programis gansaxilvelad. aseTi Sexvedrebis dros
damswreni reziumes gaakeTeben proeqtis miznis, mimdinare ganviTarebis da
axlo momavlis gegmebis Sesaxeb.
suraTi 8-1. GESI proeqtis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli saTemo Sexvedrebi
165
cxrili 8-1. monitoringisa daSemarbilebeli RonisZiebis gegmis moTxovnebi
garemoze zemoqmedeba
geologia da
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi
Mmonitoringis sixSire
pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba
niadagi - mcire hes-ebi
fSavelis hes-is,
geologiuri Seswavlis ganxorcieleba proeqtis
proeqtis ganxorcielebamde igi
samSeneblo kompania
lopotas hes-is,
teqnikuri daproeqtebis safexurze
unda iqnes Seswavlili .
pasuxismgebeli iqneba Seswavlis
Tavidapirvelad erTi viziti,
ganxorcielebaze
kabalis hes-is,
da
maWaxelas hes-is
regularuli vizitebi (or TveSi
operirebis
erTxel) mSeneblobis periodSi da
ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba
bolo viziti mSeneblobis
adgili hqondes
dasrulebis Semdeg.
garkveul geologiur
safrTxes
wylis resursebi – mcire hesebi
•
simRvrivis gazrda
mSeneblobis qvemoT
•
•
•
moeridos nakadis blokirebas samSeneblo
procesis dros da amrigad aRmofxvras
kaSxlis zemoT wylis Segubebis da
datborili velidan wamosuli
suspenzirebuli myari nawilakebis donis
zrdas;
nakadis droebiT zRuded gamoiyenos betonis
yalibebi metad vidre grunti da amrigad
mniSvnelovnad Seamciros niadagis moZraoba
da nakadSi naleqis warmoqmna;
moeridos amoRebuli gruntis dagrovebas
mdinaris napirebze da/an dasatbor velebze,
amrigad moaxdinos gruntis nakadSi
gadasvlis minimumamde dayvana;
mdinaris napiris gaswvriv da sanapiro zolis
samSeneblo kompania
pasuxismgebeli iqneba
erTxel) mSeneblobis periodSi da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
ganxorcielebaze.
dasrulebis Semdeg.
167
•
•
mdinaris nakadis
Carecxvis gazrda
•
•
•
•
•
ekosistemis gruntis zedapiruli Sre Tavis
adgilze daabrunos da aRadginos niadagis
konturebi reliefis Tavdapirveli saxis
Sesabamisad; da
Seasrulos sainJinro moTxovnebi
drenaJis/eroziis prevenciasTan da
samSeneblo meTodebTan dakavSirebiT yvela
samSenblo saqmianobis dros. eseni moicavs
gamosadegi sadrenaJo qselebis
uzrunvlyofasa da eqspluatacias, ferdobis
kontrols, Ria zedapirebis kompaqtirebas an
mcenareuli safaris aRdgenas da wyliT
dafarvisadmi midrekili zedapirebis dacva.
moeridos nakadis blokirebas samSeneblo
procesis dros da amrigad aRmofxvras
kaSxlis zemoT wylis Segubebis da
datborili velidan wamosuli
suspenzirebuli myari nawilakebis donis
zrdas;
nakadis droebiT zRuded gamoiyenos betonis
yalibebi metad vidre grunti da amrigad
mniSvnelovnad Seamciros niadagis moZraoba
da nakadSi naleqis warmoqmna;
moeridos amoRebuli gruntis dagrovebas
mdinaris napirebze da/an dasatbor velebze,
amrigad moaxdinos gruntis nakadSi
gadasvlis minimumamde dayvana;
mdinaris napiris gaswvriv da sanapiro zolis
ekosistemis gruntis zedapiruli Sre Tavis
adgilze daabrunos da aRadginos niadagis
konturebi reliefis Tavdapirveli saxis
Sesabamisad;
SesaZleblobisdagavarad dangrevisgan
miRebuli masalebis xelaxali gamoyeneba
eroziis kontrolis meTodi, rogoricaa
Tivis Sekvrebi gadinebis SesaCereblad
samSeneblo kompania
erTxel) mSeneblobis periodSi da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
ganxorcielebaze. .
dasrulebis Semdeg.
168
•
•
Seasrulos sainJinro moTxovnebi
drenaJis/eroziis prevenciasTan da
samSeneblo meTodebTan dakavSirebiT yvela
samSenblo saqmianobis dros. eseni moicavs
gamosadegi sadrenaJo qselebis
uzrunvlyofasa da eqspluatacias, ferdobis
kontrols, Ria zedapirebis kompaqtirebas an
mcenareuli safaris aRdgenas da wyliT
dafarvisadmi midrekili zedapirebis dacva
mZime teqnikis minimamuri gamotyeneba
•
tenian sezonze mSeneblobis Tavis arideba. es
ziani aRWurvilobasa da
infrastruqturaze
SeiZleba iyos rTuli mcire hesebis
Tavidapirvelad erTi viziti, da
samSeneblo kompania
samSeneblo grafikis gamo, magram samSeneblo
sxva potenciuri vizitebi
samuSaobebi SeiZleba daigegmos ise rom
wyalmovardnisa
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
Semcirebul iqnas mSeneblobis xangrZlivoba
sixSiris datborvisas.
ganxorcielebaze.
dasatbori velis donis maRla iyos. (Tu
Tavidapirvelad erTi viziti, da
samSeneblo kompania
SesaZlebelia);
wyalmovardnisa
da/ an maRali
am periodSi.
•
infrastruqturis daproeqteba ise, rom
dasatbori velis donis maRla iyos. (Tu
SesaZlebelia);
•
infrastruqturis daproeqteba ise rom riski
iqnes minimumamde dayvanili (mag. daproeqteba
Sesabamisi profilirebiT da drenaJiT);
•
Tavi aarideT sanitaruli an sxva negebobebis
mSeneblobas datborvisaken- midrekil
adgilebSi da / an Walis axlos; da
sxeulis dazianebis an
sikvdilis saSiSroebis
Seqmna muSebisTvis da/an
•
klimatis Sesabamisi masalebis gamoyeneba
•
infrastruqturis daproeqteba ise, rom
da/ an maRali
169
mosaxleobisTvis
•
Seswavlis ganxorcieleba raTa davrwmundeT
sixSiris datborvisas.
ganxorcielebaze.
rom infrastruqtura ar aris dazianebuli da
Seesabameba sainJinro proeqts.
•
infrastruqturis daproeqteba ise rom riski
iqnes minimumamde dayvanili (mag. daproeqteba
Sesabamisi profilirebiT da drenaJiT); da
•
gamoviyenoT klimatis Sesaferisi masalebi.
•
SeinarCuneT minimumi dineba (minimaluri
mdinareebis
ekologiuri dineba) mdinareSi mdinaris
erTi viziti Tavdapirvelad da
operatori
konservaciuli
hidrologiis Sesabamisi, wylis xarisxi,
momdevno vizitebi mSral da
Rirebulebis Semcireba
arsebul TevzTa populacia da gare
nestian sezonze.
ganxorcielebaze. .
sezonuri Semodinebis donis cvlilebis
gaTvaliswinebiT; da
•
SeinarCuneT minimumi arxis perimetri yvela
sakontrolo struqturebze mudmivi
SemodinebiT mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi
•
gamoviyenoT saukeTeso menejmentis praqtika,
raTa SevinarCunoT wylis xarisxi
erTi viziti kaSxlis
operatori
qvemoT simRvrivis
saeqspluatacio momsaxurebis ganmavlobaSi,
saeqspluatacio momsaxurebis
gazrda
maT Soris gawmenda (mag. Slamis sadrenaJo
periodSi programis arsebobis
ganxorcielebaze.
milakeb, amoRebuli gruntis Segroveba da
ganmavlobaSi.
kaSxlis qveviT kaSxlis
narCenebis kaSxlidan gatana, mdinaris
napirebidan Sors SeZlebisdagvarad didi
raodenobis vegetaciis SenarCuneba
•
a.S);
saqmianobis saTanadod dagegmva, saremonto
samuSaoebis dagegmva mSrali sezonis
170
ganmavlobaSi raTa minimumamde daiyvanoT
Camorecxva, leqis Semakavebeli da nakadis
zomis sakontrolo xelsawyoebis dayeneba
miwaze masStabuli samuSaoebis dawyebamde
(eqskavacia da sxv.) naleqis warmoqmnis
•
biodegradirebadi komponentebis gamoyeneba
milebis / gvirabis gasasufTaveblad,
narCeni
wylis dasamuSaveblad da a.S, da
•
aageT sanapiros damcavi adekvaturi
konstruqciebi gadinebis
adgilebSi raTa
Tavidan aiciloT Camorecxva (vegetaciis
xelaxla dargva da SenarCuneba), klpotidan
uxeSi masalebis amoReba da nakeqis
Semkavebeli mowyobilobebi.
•
gamoviyenoT saukeTeso menejmentis praqtika,
raTa SevinarCunoT wylis xarisxi
erTi viziti Tavdapirvelad da
operatori
Secvlis gamo
saeqspluatacio momsaxurebis ganmavlobaSi,
cvlilebebi
maT Soris gawmenda (mag. Slamis sadrenaJo
(weliwadSi erTxel) proeqtis
ganxorcielebaze.
milakeb, amoRebuli gruntis Segroveba da
arsebobis ganmavlobaSi.
mdinaris nakadis arxis
narCenebis kaSxlidan gatana, mdinaris
napirebidan Sors SeZlebisdagvarad didi
raodenobis vegetaciis SenarCuneba
•
a.S);
saqmianobis saTanadod dagegmva, saremonto
samuSaoebis dagegmva mSrali sezonis
ganmavlobaSi raTa minimumamde daiyvanoT
Camorecxva, leqis Semakavebeli da nakadis
zomis sakontrolo xelsawyoebis dayeneba
miwaze masStabuli samuSaoebis dawyebamde
171
(eqskavacia da sxv.) naleqis warmoqmnis
•
aageT sanapiros damcavi adekvaturi
konstruqciebi gadinebis
adgilebSi raTa
Tavidan aiciloT Camorecxva (vegetaciis
xelaxla dargva da SenarCuneba), klpotidan
uxeSi masalebis amoReba da naleqis
Semkavebeli mowyobilobebi.
wylis resursebi – bunebrivi gazis sistemebi
•
moerideT xreSis da sxva samSeneblo masalebis
mdinaris nakadis
gamoyenebas mdinaris napirebidan da/an
samSeneblo kompania pasuxismgebeli
gazrdili Camorecxva
mdinaris fskeridan;
regularuli vizitebi (or
iqneba Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
moerideT amoRebuli gruntis dagrovebas
TveSi erTxel) mSeneblobis
ganxorcielebaze.
mdinaris napirebze da/an WalebSi, riTac
periodSi da bolo viziti
minimumamde daiyvanT niadagis nakadSi
mSeneblobis
moxvedrs;
Semdeg.
•
•
dasrulebis
Tu xreSi gamoiyeneba mdinaris napiridan,
daabruneT zedpiruli grunti mdinaris
napiris gaswvriv zonaSi mis Tavdapirvel
adgilas da aRadgineT miwis konturebi
Tavdapirveli topografis mixedviT;
•
icodeT rom mSral adgilebSi, SemTxveviT
wvimebma SeiZleba Seqmnas wylis Zlieri
Semodineba arxebSi. sadrenaJo milebma
SeiZleba ver mogamaragoT adeqvaturi
SesaZleblobiT iSviaTi maRali simZlavris
SemTxvevebisas rogoricaa wyalmovardna; da
•
minimumamde daiyvaneT mZime meqanizmebis
gamoyeneba.
172
•
ufro sufTa produqciis da/an mwvane
zedapiruli da gruntis
teqnologiebis danergv (mag. aratoqsikuri
monitoringi moiTxovs erT
wylis resursebis
saRebavebi);
vizits sawyis etapze,
dabinZureba
•
•
iqonieT Sesabamisi sawyobi saRebavebisaTvis da regularul vizitebs (or
TveSi erTxel) raTa
gamxsnelebisaTvis, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba
Sekaveba, rodesac araa xmarebaSi; SeqmeniT
darwmundeT rom RonisZiebebi
Sesabamisi mopyrobis da gadinebis procedura
gatarebulia
saRebavebisa da gamxsnelebisaTvis;
viziti mSeneblobis
da saboloo
ar dauSvaT saxifaTo masalebis gaJonva. dawviT dasrulebis Semdeg raTa
darwmundet rom saRebavis
narCeni masalebi romelic ar varga meoradi
moxmarebisTvis
ar Seicavs mZime metals da
narCenebi ar aris datovebuli
adgilze
aris wvadi
•
ganxorcielebaze.
moiZieT da gamoiyeneT naklebi toqsikuri
produqcia;
•
gansazRvreTY Tu Seicavs toqsikur
masalebs. Tu SesaZlebelia, ganaTavseT
narCenebi saTanado adgilas.
an arada
SeimuSaveT maTi xelaxali gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba mxolod im adgilebSi sadac
zedapiruli da miwis wylis dabinZurebis
potenciali sagrZnoblad dabalia;
•
moiZieT ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT saukeTeso
momwodebeli wyaro biujetidan gamomdinre ;
•
SeiZineT saRebavi da gamxsnelebi mSeneblobis
bolo fazaze raTa Tavidan aiciloT sacavSi
maTi didxans Senaxva;
•
moaTavseT celofani an qaRaldi milis
SesRebi nawilebis qveS, gaJonvis SesazRudad;
•
gamoiyeneT meoradi saRebavis konteinerebze
ufro didi zomis Semkavebeli mowyobilobebi
173
raTa SeinaxoT saRebavis konteinerebi
xmarebis periodSi da amiT aRmofxvraT
daRvrili saRebavebisgan an gamxsnelebisgan
niadagis dabinZurebis risks; da
•
SeRebvis damTavrebis Semdeg yvela narCeni
masalebi (saRebavis qilebi, gamwmendi
nivTierebebi, a.S) daibeWdeba plastikur
CanTebSi da moepyrobian Sesabamisi kanonis
Sesabamisad.
biologiuri resursebi – mcire hesi
•
darwmundiT rom gazis wnevis maregulirebeli
sxeulis dazianebis an
sarqvelebi da usafrTxoebis (gamosarTavi)
bunebrivi gazis distributori
sikvdilis saSiSroebis
sarqvelebi dayenebulia da muSa
da sxva potenciuri vizitebi
pasuxismgebeli iqneba Semarbilebeli
Seqmna muSebisTvis da/an
mdgomareobaSia;
wyalmovardnis an intensiuri
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaze.
mosaxleobisTvis
•
CaatareT treningi usafrTxoebis sakiTxebsa da wyaldidobis SemTxvevaSi.
procedurebze gaJonvis SemTxvevaSi;
•
darwmundiT rom usafrTxoebis informacia da
procedurebi xelmisawvdomia yvelasaTvis
wasakiTxad;
•
darwmundiT rom yvela sayrdeni boZi
usafrTxod aris damagrebuli (rodesac mili
miwis zemoTaa); betonis saZirkvelze da
•
ar dauSvaT milma mdinare gadakveTos mdinare
an mis napiras ganTavsdes. Tu es ver iqneba
daculi, ecadeT gamoiyenoT arsebuli
nagebobebi (mag. xidebi) raTa daicvaT mili
wyaldidobisgan.
174
mSeneblobisgan Tavis Sekaveba cxovelTa gamravlebis
samSeneblo samuSaoebma
periodSi.
regularuli vizitebi (yovel
SeiZleba zemoqmedeba
or TveSi erTxel) mSeneblobis iqneba Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis
moaxdinos cocxali
periodSi.
ganxorcielebaze.
Tavidan acileba.
SeinarCuneT sakmarisi dineba qviriTobis
regularuli vizitebi (or
periodSi da gadarCena kaSxalsa da gadinebis
TveSi erTxel) mSeneblobis
ganxorcielebaze.
mils Soris
droebiTi nakadis gadsayvanad gamoiyeneT
mSeneblobis
betonis niadagTan SedarebiT.
Semdeg.
bunebis gamravlebis
wesze
•
zemoqmedeba wylis
saxeobebze
•
•
•
mSeneblobis periodSi nakadis blokirebis
dasrulebis
raTa minimumamde daiyvanoT Tevzis danakargi
da uzrunvelyoT efeqturi Tevzis gasasvleli Tavidapirvelad erTi viziti,
regularuli vizitebi
adgilobrivi migraciuli Tevzis
Tevzis dakargva.
•
saxeobebisaTvis, safexurebrivi
mSeneblobis periodSi da
gadasasvlelebi da gasasvlelebi unda
daematos kaSxlis mSeneblpobas.
dasrulebis Semdeg..
ganxorcielebaze.
Tevzis hes-isgan (CaTrevisgan) aridebis
misaRwevad alternatiuli gadawyvetileba
warmoadgens Tevzisgan damcavi cxaurebis
dayenebas arxis wyalmimRebSi, sadac wyali
gadayvanilia mdinaris bunebrivi kalapotidan.
aseTi cxauris erTeulis sidide daaxloebiT
aris 3mmX3mm. amiT xdeba didi zomis da
garkveuli raodenobiT mcire zomis Tevzs
CaTrevisgan dacva. saeqspluatacio personalis
mier cxauri periodulad unda gaiwmindos
175
WuWyisa da narCenebisgan turbinaSi adeqvaturi
sididis nakadis SenarCunebisTvis.
•
mdinaris modineba
kaSxlebidan
zogjer (mSrali sezonisas) minimaluri
nakadis SesanarCuneblad SeiZleba
regularuli vizitebi mSarl
operatori pasuxismgebeli iqneba
eleqtrosadguri daixuros.
sezonze (or TveSi erTxel)
.
eleqtrosadguramde
ganxorcielebaze.
sagrZnoblad
Semcirebulia proeqtis
gamo.
adamianuri resursebi _ mcire hes-ebi
•
axali gzebisa da
Semdgomi Sefaseba unda ganxorcieldes
fSavelis midamoebSi raTa dadasturdes Tavidapirvelad erTi viziti,
iSviaTi, safrTxeSi da gadaSenebis piras regularuli vizitebi (yovel
misasvlelebis mSenebloba
•
myofi mcenereTa jiSebi.
or TveSi erTxel) mSeneblobis
Tavidan dairgas xeebis jiSebi raTa
ganxorcielebaze.
uzrunvelyoT adekvaturi regeneracia
mSeneblobis
mniSvnelovania mravali xis dargva
Semdeg.
yoveli
•
dasrulebis
moWrili xis nacvlad.
CamoayalibeT da miyeviT samSeneblo
zegavlena adgilobriv
ganrigs rac Seamcirebs mSenebare
mosaxleobaze droebiTi
adgilebis ngrevas. koordinireba gauwieT or TveSi erTxel) mSenebare
obieqtebze
rezervuarebsa da sxva samSeneblo
muSaxelis
obieqtze
yofnis gamo
“energetikis ganviTareba soflad”
programa pasuxismgebeli iqneba
samSeneblo firma pasuxismgebeli
ganxorcielebaze.
muSaobas raTa minimumamde daiyvanoT
xmauri sagzao ngreva da mtveri.
•
arxis struqturuli
damatebiTi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
momzadeba mosaxleobis mimarT
ar Seesabameba
programa “energetikis ganviTareba
176
mTlianoba
riskis qveSaa
wyaldidobiTa da maWaxelas hesis
soflad” samSeneblo kompania
mimwodebeli arxis sisqis SemcirebiT
gamowveuli safrTxis Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaze.
Ronisiebebis dasadgenad.
•
adgilobrib monawileebTan da
programa “energetikis ganviTareba
mcire hesis daxurvam
samTavrobo uwyebebTan konsultaciis
SeiZleba gamoiwvios
safuZvelze samuSaoze ayvanis gegmis
soflad” pasuxismgebeli iqneba
umuSevrobis problema
SemuSaveba da mosaxleobisTvis
samuSaoze ayvanis gegmis SemuSavebaze
pirobebis axsna
da adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis
ar Seesabameba
pirobebis ganmartebaze
•
adamianisa da muSaxelis jamrTelobis
samSeneblo sqmianobam
usafrTxoebis saTanado zomebis miReba
SeiZleba zemoqmedeba
mSeneblobis periodSi
or TveSi erTxel) mSenebare
sajaro usafrTxoebis saTanado zomebis
obieqtebze
ganxorcielebaze.
moaxdinos Temze
•
miReba mSeneblobis periodSi
•
usafrTxoebis zomebis axsna
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis.
•
operirebam SeiZleba
zemoqmedeba moaxdinos
Temze
•
adamianisa da muSaxelis jamrTelobis
usafrTxoebis saTanado zomebis miReba
operatori pasuxismgebeli iqneba
or TveSi erTxel) mSenebare
sajaro usafrTxoebis saTanado zomebis
obieqtebze
ganxorcielebaze
miReba mSeneblobis periodSi
usafrTxoebis zoebis axsna
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis.
•
maWaxelaSi, sadistribucio kompanias
acnobe saWiroebebis Sesaxeb raTa
wamoiwyos
saTanado transformatorebis
saremonto samuSaoebi sadac SeiZleba
177
Jonavdes PCB-Semcveli navTobi.
adamianuri resursebi _ bunebrivi gazis sistemebi
•
xanZris, afeTqebis
da sxva
saSiSroebebis
•
darwmundiT rom aRWurviloba aris saTanado
samuSao mdgomareobaSi da rom ar aris
erTi viziti Tavdapirvelad,
samSeneblo firma da operatori
mosalodneli xanZris an afeTqebis riski
milis
or TveSi erTxel), erTi viziti RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaze.
dazianebis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
mSeneblobis dasrulebisSemdeg,
gazrda samuSao da
samanqane trasac ziandeba , daiwyeba
sajaro
dauyovneblivi saremonto samuSaoebi
usafrTxoebaze
aRmosafxvrelad , mTeli sistema gaiTiSeba
operaciis periodSi (weliwadSi
mSeneblobis
sakontrolo sarqvlis daxurviT ise, rom gazi
erTxel).
periodSi
ar Sediodes milSi.
•
zianis
da regularuli vizitebi
muSebisa janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis
mimarT riskis Sesamcireblad proeqtis
ganxorcielebis ganmavlobaSi aRmsrulebel
organizacias Cautardeba saTanado treningi
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi. damatebiT,
usfrTxoebis aRWurviloba, dacvis da avariuli
pasuxis gegmebi iqneba gamoyenebuli.
•
nebismieri saeqskavacio samuSaosaTvis,
aRmsrulebeli organizacia moaxdens niadagis
stabilizaciis xis sayrdeni struqturebiT
CamoSlis Tavidan asacileblad. filebis da
milsadenis mTlianobis SesanarCuneblad
Txrilebi amoivseba xreSiT, qviSiT da cementis
nareviT.
•
operirebis ganmavlobaSi sazogadoebis
dasacavad, zonebi, sadac riki maRalia,
rogoricaa sadac milebi gadis da
178
SeduRebulia, an sadac ganlagebuli didi zomis
aRWurviloba (mag maregulirebeli
aRWurviloba), Sesvla
dasaSvebi iqneba mxolod
uflebamosili personalisaTvis. damontaJdeba
Sesabamisi niSnebi da barierebi
adamianuri resursebi _ bunebrivi gazis sistemebi
•
darwmundiT rom aRWurviloba aris saTanado
xanZris, afeTqebis
samuSao mdgomareobaSi da rom ar aris
erTi viziti Tavdapirvelad,
samSeneblo firma da operatori
da sxva
mosalodneli xanZris an afeTqebis riski.
•
awarmoeT milebis regularuli daTvaliereba
or TveSi erTxel), erTi viziti RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaze.
gazrda samuSao da
operirebisa da eqspluatacxiis SesamuSavebeli
mSeneblobis dasrulebis Semdeg
sajaro
procedurebis Sesabamisad. inspeqciaSi Sedis
da regularuli vizitebi
usafrTxoebaze
mTavari milis daTvaliereba da ojaxebisken
operaciis ganmavlobaSi
operirebis
qseli.
(weliwadSi orjer).
saSiSroebebis
periodSi
•
milis
dazianebis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
samanqane trasac ziandeba , daiwyeba
dauyovneblivi saremonto samuSaoebi
zianis
aRmosafxvrelad , mTeli sistema gaiTiSeba
sakontrolo sarqvlis daxurviT ise, rom gazi
ar Sediodes milSi.
•
muSebisa janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis
mimarT riskis Sesamcireblad proeqtis
ganxorcielebis ganmavlobaSi aRmsrulebel
organizacias Cautardeba saTanado treningi
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi. damatebiT,
usfrTxoebis aRWurviloba, dacvis da avariuli
pasuxis gegmebi iqneba gamoyenebuli.
•
operirebis ganmavlobaSi sazogadoebis
dasacavad, zonebi, sadac riki maRalia,
179
rogoricaa sadac milebi gadis da
SeduRebulia, an sadac ganlagebuli didi zomis
aRWurviloba (mag maregulirebeli
aRWurviloba), Sesvla
dasaSvebi iqneba mxolod
uflebamosili personalisaTvis. damontaJdeba
Sesabamisi niSnebi da barierebi
kulturuli resursebi – mcire hes-ebi
•
zemoqmedeba
nebismieri aRmoCena Caiwereba kulturis
saministros warmomadgenlis mier, romelic
damokidebulia nebismier
istoriul an
daniSnuli iqneba iqneba aRwerili samSeneblo
aRmoCenaze.
preistoriul
procesis zedamxedvelobisTvis
resursebze
•
samSeneblo obieqtis Sefaseba da
Serbileba aseT obieqtebze
ganxorcielebaze.
zemoqmedebis
Catardeba
aRmoCenisa da Semdegi samSeneblo muSaobis
dawyebis Soris drois SualedSi
•
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, samSeneblo
muSaobebi iqneba organizebuli ise rom
SeasZlebeli iyos damatebiTi arqeologiuri
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis Catareba da / an
monacemTa mopoveba.
180
8.4. treningebis Catareba da SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa SeimuSavebs menejmentis da
adgilobrivi personalis treningis gegmas, romelic moicavs im procedurebs,
romlebic gamoiyeneba garemos Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad, rogorc es
xazgasmulia programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi. es moicavs: a)
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizis ganxilvas da danergvas programis
ganxorcielebis samomavlo adgilebSi, b) Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da
monitoringis gegmis efeqturobis da adeqvaturobis ganxilvas da saWiro
mowesrigebis gakeTebas, da g) monitoringis moxsenebis momzadebas. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis personalis da specialistebis garda
monawileebi el energiis individualur momwodebelTa da kontraqtorTa
ricxvidan, personali garemos dacvis saministrodan da sxvadasxva
garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan iqneba mowveuli treningebze
dasaswrebad.
8.4.1. treningebis tipebi
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizis Catareba / garemosdacviTi mimoxilva.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis personalma ukve gaiara treningebi
PEA momzadebis dros garemos struqturis analizis saqmis warmoebisas. Tumca,
momavali treningebi saWiroa imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom TiToeuli
damkvirvebeli bolomde iTavisebs da SeuZlia daasrulos garemosdacviTi
mimoxilvis moTxovnebi sruli proeqtisaTvis, romelsac moicavs programa.
kursis Temebi: „mniSvnelovnobis“ kriteriumTa SemuSaveba, garemoze zemoqmedebis
evolucia da identifikacia, mniSvnelovani da umniSvnelo zemoqmedeba,
pirdapiri da arapirdapiri zemoqmedeba, saerTo zemoqmedeba, garemosdacviTi
skrininguli cxrilis gageba da gamoyeneba sxvadasxva situaciebSi da
garemosdacviTi mimoxilvis gageba da gamoyeneba iseve rogorc garemo
ganxilvis dasruleba mSeneblobis dawyebamde.
treningebis xangrZlivoba: 5 dRe, savele vizitebis CaTvliT
potenciuri monawileni: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis personali
Sefasebis adeqvaturoba da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis
gegmis efeqturoba. adgilobriv personals treningi Cautardeba programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmis
efeqturobis da adeqvaturobis SefasebaSi. es treningi warmoadgenen gasaRebs
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebeis efeqtis gasagebad potenciur zemoqmedebaze da
potenciur cvlilebebis Sesafaseblad Tu Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi
araefeqturadaa miCneuli.
kursis Temebi: garemosdacviTi sabazo monacemebis gageba Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis Sefaseba. SemoTavazebuli proeqtis da Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis, Sefasebis parametrebis da sxv. konteqstSi sabazo Sefasebis
xedva.
treningis xangrZlivoba: 3 dRe, savele vizitebis CaTvliT
monitoringis moxsenebis momzadeba. adgilobrivi personali treningebs gaivlis
dkvirvebis meTodebSi, informaciis zustad aRricxvaSi da monitoringis
moxsenebebis momzadebaSi (danarTi v).
181
kursis Temebi: Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis zemoqmedebis Sefaseba,
monitoringis moxsenebis momzadeba.
treningebis xangrZlivoba: 0.5 dRe
mcire-masStabiani samSeneblo da sxva saqmianobis saukeTeso praqtika.
adgilobrivi personali trenings gaivlis gagebisa da ganxorcielebis
saukeTeso praqtikaSi mcire-masStabiani mSeneblobis da sxva saproeqto
saqmianobaze. es moicavs trenings samSeneblo kontraqtorebTan urTierTobasa
da menejmentSi, rac agreTve moicavs efeqtur komunikacias.
kursis Temebi: saukeTeso praqtika mcire-masStabiani mSeneblobisTvis, “mwvane”
proeqti”, “mwvane inJineringi”, drois menejmenti inJineringis proeqtSi da a.S.
treningis xangrZlivoba: 2 dRe
potenciuri monawileni: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis personali,
adgilobrivi kontraqtorebi
sxva potenciuri treningebis Temebi romlebic SemuSavdeba energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programis mier, moicavs sagangebo situaciaSi reagirebis
gegmebs, damatebiTi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis saWiroebis gansazRvras da
momzadebas.
8.4.2. swavlebis meTodebi
saerTod, treningebi ganxorcieldeba seminarebisa da samuSao-treningis gziT.
Seminarebis Catareba umjobesia kargad gansazRvruli da konkretuli
sakiTxebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa garemosdacviTi saxelmZRvanelo
principebisada da debulebebis prezentacia da amgvari seminarebi SezRuduli
iqneba xangrZlivobisa (2-3 dRis) da damswreebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT.
samuSao treningebi gamoiyeneba iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gamocdil personals,
adgilobrivs da saerTaSorisos, SeeZleba imoqmedos rogorc mwvrTnelebs da
instruqtorebs SedarebiT procesze orientirebuli davalebebis SemTxvevaSi
(mag. garemosdacviTi menejmentis meTodebi da monitoringis procedurebi).
182
danarTi a – proeqtis maxasiaTeblebis cxrili – mcire hes-ebi da bunebrivi gazis
sistemebi
Mmdinaris dasaxeleba
mcire hesi amJamad
muSaobs
mcire hesi ar
muSaobs ,magram
SesaZloa aRdgena
damontaJebis weli
muSaobis dawyebis
weli
damontaJebuli
energiis simZlavre
(kvt)
bolo funqcionirebis
weli
saSualod
gamomuSavebuli
energia (kvt),
abhesi
Mmcire hesis – mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebis cxrili
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
Lopota
-
diax
-
diax
diax
diax
Diax
maCaxela
fSaveli
diax
-
-
diax
1928
1945
1953
1957
2000
1956
2006
1928
1945
1953
1957
2006
1956
2006
1,750
240
1,500
2,400
2,000
1,600
500
-
1968
2001
2001
2006
-
-
1700
-
-
-
-
1500
-
Zveli da
Zveli da
Zveli da
Zveli da
Zveli da
Zveli da
Aarsebul
reabilitaciis/mwyobr
gafuWebuli gafuWebuli gafuWebuli gafuWebuli
gafuWebuli
gafuWebuli
sairigaciur
idan gamosvlis
samSeneblo
samSeneblo
samSeneblo
samSeneblo
samSeneblo
nagebobebi da
arxze
mizezi
samuSaoebi da samuSaoebi da samuSaoebi da samuSaoebi da samuSaoebi da
xelsawyoebi
mSenebloba
xelsawyoebi xelsawyoebi xelsawyoebi xelsawyoebi
xelsawyoebi
momxmarebelTa
11,900
1,480
10,500
16,800
14,000
10,500
3,500
raodenoba
momxmarebeli ojaxi
3,400
480
3,000
4,800
4,000
3,000
1,000
momxmarebeli sofeli
8.5
1
7.5
12
10
7.5
2
183
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
Lopota
maCaxela
fSaveli
eleqtrodawesebuleb
idan manZili
1 km
0.5 km
2 km
100 m
1.5 km
0.3 km
0.7 km
dasaxlebul
punqtamde
walsacavidan manZili
dasaxlebul
1.5 km
0.5 km
3.5 km
4 km
2.2 km
2.5 km
1 km
punqtamde
mosaxleobis zrda
axlo/momxmarebel
ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar
soflebSi
Seesabameba
(yovelwliurad)
aris qseli
diax
diax
distribuciisTvis?
diax
diax
diax
anergosistemis buneba 10 kv da 35 kv
10 kv
10 kv
10 kv
10 kv
10 kv da 35 kv
10 kv
soflebi
mcire hesis
fSaveli,
potenciuri
mimdebare
sofeli
mimdebare
mimdebare
leCuri da
momxmareblebi,romle soflebi da
meRvineoba da
nergeTi,
axlomdebare soflebi da
soflebi da
xis
bsac ar aqvT
patara
sxva patara
sanebeli,
soflebi
patara
patara
gadamamuSaveb
centralur
dawesebulebeb
biznesebi
kexijvari
biznesebi
dawesebulebebi
eli
energosistemasTan
i
dawesebuleb
kavSiri
a
mdinaris saSualo
wliuri Camonadeni
8.21
3.2
2.5
5
4
15
12
(m3/s)
- maqsimaluri
8.8.
9.36
6
10
8.15
35
8.1
Tviuri saSualo
- minimaluri
4.3.
1.37
0.9
3
1.85
9
2.97
Tviuri saSualo
aris mdinaris dineba
igive rac adre,
diax
diax
diax
diax
diax
rodesac mcire hesi
daamontaJes?
184
gamoyenebuliwylis,
saSualo
raodenoba(m3/s)
- maqsimaluri
Tviuri saSualo
- minimum Tviuri
saSualo
gadayvanis %
saSualod
- maqsimaluri
Tviuri saSualo
- minimaluri
Tviuri saSualo
wylis gadayvana sxva
saxis
sargeblobisavis
(soflis
meurneobidan,
mrewvelobidan, da
aS.)
garemo resursebTan
siaxlove
kulturul
wyaroebTan kavSiri
Reabilitaciis
Rirebuleba (USD)
kuTvnileba
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
Lopota
maCaxela
fSaveli
3.8
1.5
2.25
2.0
3.5
6.5
4.6
4.5
2.5
5.0
4.0
6.0
9.0
3.5
3.4
1.0
0.75
1.0
1.5
3.5
1.03
46%
47%
90%
40%
88%
43%
38%
40%
27%
83%
40%
74%
26%
43%
79%
73%
83%
33%
81%
39%
35%
-
irigacia
ara
irigacia
irigacia
-
Irigacia
mdinare da
tye
mdinare da
tye
mdinare da
tye
mdinare da
tye
mdinare da
tye
mdinare da tye
mdinare da
tye
ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar Seesabameba ar
Seesabameba
600,000.00
250,000.00
KkerZo
kuTvnileba
mimdebare teritoria
sofeli abhesi
ekuTvnis
sofeli
vedreba
350,000.00
300,000.00
300,000.00
600,000.00
KkerZo
kuTvnileba
KkerZo
kuTvnileba
KkerZo
kuTvnileba
Saxelmwifo
miwa
sofeli
kaxareTi
KkerZo
kuTvnileba
Kkeramikis
fabrika da
soflis
meurneoba
sofeli kedkedi
450,000.00
sofeli
fSaveli
185
soflis dasaxeleba
reabilitacia/gafarToeba/bunebrivi gazis
milsadenis konstruqciis
damontaJebis weli
miwisqveSa an mowiszeda
Txrilis siRrme
milsadenis diametri (mm)
milsadenis sigrZe (km)
aRWurvilobis da mimagrebis saxeobebi
bunebrivi gazis sistemebi - mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebis
kalauri
muRanlo
xidisTavi
rebilitacia
gafarToeba
axali konstruqcia
1992
miwiszeda
miwiszeda
2006
miwisqveSa
ar Seesabameba
150 da 100
10 km
ar Seesabameba
100 da 76
15 km
1 m
150 da100
20 km
plastmasis milsadenebi da gazis
sarqvelebi
foladis milsadenebi
gazis sarqvelebi
diax
diax
ara
diax
milsadenis gafuWeba (daJangva,
dablagveba)
diax
ara
bunebrivi gazis dineba
gayvanis ufleba (nageboba)
gayvanis upleba (moqmedeba)
reabilitaciis mizezi
momxmarebeli soflebi
momxmarebeli ojaxi
momxmarebeli mosaxleoba
manZili dasaxlebul punqtamde
garemomcveli niadagis gamoyeneba
garemo viTarebaze mgrZnobiare adgilebze
myudroebis darRveva
niadagis tipebi
garemo viTarebiTi resursebis siaxlove
kulturuli wyaroebis siaxlove
reabilitaciis fasi aSS dolarebSi
kuTvnileba
ar Seesabameba
ar Seesabameba
3
2 didi dasaxlebuli punqti erT
sofelSi
6
1900
5200
dasaxlebul punqtebSi
soflis meurneoba, sacxovrebeli
da saxelmwifo sakuTreba
1000
3500
dasaxlebul punqtebSi
soflis meurneoba da
sacxovrebeli
800
3500
7 km
soflis meurneoba, sacxovrebeli da
saxelmwifo sakuTreba
ara
?
ara
?
ara
?
ara
ara
ara
mdinare
USD 28,000.00
ara
USD 250,000.00
ara
USD 300,000.00
kerZo
sarTiWalagazi
saTemo kavSiri
186
danarTi b – garemosdacviTi skrininguli SejamebiTi cxrili
Pproeqtis
dasaxeleba
abhesi
Zama
kabali
reabilitacia
reabilitacia
reabilitacia
raioni samegrelos
olqi marTtvili
raioni - Sida
qarTli
kaxareTi
lopota
reabilitacia
reabilitacia
maCaxela
fSaveli
reabilitacia
axali
1) zogadi informacia
Pproeqtis
tipi
adgilmdebare
oba (raioni
/olqi)
kuTvnileba
kerZo (abhesi
eleqtro)
•
garSemo
mdebare
niadagebis
gamoyeneba
•
•
•
raioni olqi - qareli kaxeTi
sofeli kexijvari
Pprivatizireb
uli
saxelmwifo
kuTvnileba
sasoflo
sameurneo
•
sacxovrebe
li
•
tye
dawesebul
eba
kerZo(giorgi
bibiluri)
raioni samcxejavaxeTi
olqi adigeni
kerZo
raioni kaxeTi olqi Telavi
raioni - aWara raioni olqi kaxeTi olqi xelvaCauri
Telavi
kerZo (Sps.
energia)
kerZo (bakuri)
•
•
sasoflo
sameurneo
•
sacxovrebe
•
li
sasoflo
sameurneo
tye
saxelmwif
o miwa
•
•
•
sasoflo
•
sameurneo
sacxovrebe
•
li
•
samrewvel
o
sasoflo
•
sameurneo
tye
•
komerciul
•
i
•
sasoflo
sameurneo
sacxovrebe
li
turizmi
tye
dawesebul
eba
ar Seesabameba
•
•
•
•
sasoflo
sameurneo
sacxovrebe
li
samrewvel
o
187
Pproeqtis
dasaxeleba
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maCaxela
fSaveli
simZlavre
damontaJebisas
(kvt)
1750
240
1500
2400
2000
1600
500
$600,000
$250,000
$350,000
$300,000
$300,000
$600,000
$450,000
proeqtis
Rirebuleba
(aSS.dolari)
Pproeqtis dasaxeleba
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
2) ZiriTadi samSeneblo saqmianoba
Tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
ageba/reabilitacia nagebobebisa da
Senobebis?
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ageba/reabilitacia misasvleli
gzebis?
ara
ageba/reabilitacia gadamcemi
xazebis?
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
188
droebiTi adgilmdebareoba,
romelic gamoiyeneba nagebobis
mSenabare muSebis sacxovreblad?
mniSvnelovani riski dakavSirebuli
narCenebis transportirebasTan?
araadekvaturi narCenebis
ganTavsebis saSualebani?
gadaxarisxebis da amoTxris
CaTvliT 10 heqtarze
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
Ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
geologur saSiSroebebTan arsebuli ara
mSenebloba (defeqtebi, niadagis
CamoSla, garbileba, arasainJinro
Sevseba da a.S)?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
SesaZlebeli gadatvirTva/narCenebis
gazidva an rezervi>1.0 tona?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
gaxdes mizezi maRali xarisxis
dasamuSavebeli miwis dakargvisa >
10 heqtari
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
moiTxovdes gamoyenebuli iqnas
saSiSi masalebi /momwamlavi ( mag.
zeTi, sapoxi masala qim SenaerTebi;
gTxovT zustad miuTiToT)?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
189
saWiroebdes zeTs/sapox masals da
gamwmend sistemebs?
abhesi
diax diax
avto transportis moZraobis gazrda diax
> 20% an arsebiTi simWidrovis
mizezi?
usafrTxoebis riskis gamowveva an
mizezi?
mSeneblobis, muSaobis an
dasrulebis dros qondes bevri
narCeni?
diax
diax
ara
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax ara
diax
diax
diax
diax
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
araadekvaturi midgoma an
ara
gauTvaliswinebeli midgoma winaswar
ganWvretili xalxis raodenobis an
transportis moZraobis mimarT?
Zama
ara
ara
gamoiyenos iseTi moqmedeba romelic diax diax
gamoiwvevs adgilmdebareobis
fizikur Secvlas (topografias,
gamoyenebuli miwis, wylis
kalapotis cvlas da a.S)?
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
3) geologia da niadagebi
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
190
abhesi
ara
Zama
wylis an qarismieri eroziia?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
gadaWarbebuli raodenobis niadagis
an gruntis masalis marTva (samTo
mrewvelobidan)?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
adgilobrivi garemos fizikuri
degradacia?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
diax diax
mSen
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
diax
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
Ara
fSaveli
diax
diax
ara
maWaxela
mcocavi niadagi?
ara
ara
lopota
ara
diax
ara
kaxareTi
miwisZvra, wylis donis daweva,
niadagis CamoSla an erozia?
ara
ara
kabali
diax
diax
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
4) wylis resursebi
tipi/zemoqmedeba
niadagisa da wylis dabinZurebis
riski damabinZurebeli saSualebebis
dayriT niadagze an CayriT
kanalizaciaSi, wylis zedapirze
fskerze, sanapiro wylebze an
zRvaSi?
mSen
oper
da eqsp
diax diax
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
N
diax
ara
191
abhesi
ara
Zama
zedapiris gamyarebis gamo
Camonadenis gazrda, an mcenareuli
safaris Semwovi efeqtis dakargva?
ara
wyaldidoba an araxelsayreli
klimaturi pirobebi?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
Camonadenis Sewovs unari?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Walis teritoriebis cvlileba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
xarisxi miwiszeda, miwisqveSa an
wylebis?
ara
hidrologiuri funqcionirebis
darRveva wyalaRebis Semcirebis
gamo?
ara
moSoreba an gantvirTva zedapiruli
an gruntis wylebis?
ara
saSisroeba arsebuli an Secvlili
wyalsacavis konstruqciidan?
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
kabali
diax
ara
ara
ara
kaxareTi
ara
ara
lopota
maWaxela
ara
ara
Ara
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
Ara
Ara
ara
fSaveli
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
diax
ara
diax
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
ara
diax
ara
Ara
Ara
diax
ara
ara
diax
192
konservaciuli an rekreaciuli
Rirebuleba mdinareebis,
nakadulebis, tbebis, daWaobebuli
teritoriebis, dambebis Tu
kunZulebis?
abhesi
Zama
kabali
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax diax
diax diax
saSiSroeba arsebuli an gazrdili
turulentobiT?
diax diax
diax diax
saSiSroeba arsebuli an Seqmnili
sasoflo sameurneo CamonadeniT?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
SenaerTebis urTierTobiT an sakvebi
balansiT?
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
cvlilebebi arsebuli an Seqmnili
arxis SecvliT?
ara
mdinaris, nakadulis an tbis
arseboba nagebobaSi an 30 metriT
daSorebuli nagebobidan?
diax diax
ara
diax
dabinZurebiT?
cvlilebebiT naleqiT da
daSlamianebiT?
ara
kaxareTi
diax diax
lopota
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
Ara
diax
ara
ara
diax diax
ara
diax
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
ara
ara
diax
diax diax
ara
fSaveli
ara
ara
diax
Ara
ara
ara
diax diax
Ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
diax diax
Ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
maWaxela
ara
diax diax
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax
diax
diax diax
diax diax
ara
diax diax
193
eqskavacia an adgilis Sevseba,
mdinaredan, nakadulidan an tbidan
xreSis amotaniT?
abhesi
diax diax
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
adgilze moTavseba sawvavi siTxis an ara
momwamlavi nivTierebis didi
raodenobiT?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
wylis dinebis Semcireba ramac
SeiZleba gamoiwvios dinebis ritmis
cvla, Sedegad daWaobebuli
niadagebis ganadgureba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
wylebis nakadis Semcireba romelmac
SeiZleba zegavlena iqonios mis
momxmareblebze (adamianebze,
meTevzeebze, da velur bunebaze)?
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
Ara
diax
ara
diax
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mniSvnelovani, maRali xarisxis an
iSviaTi resursebi rzec SeiZleba
imoqmedos proeqtma?
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
mdebareobs nakrZalSi an coccali
bunebis koridorSi?
ara
ara
ara
5) biologiuri resursebi
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
194
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
Waobis habitatebis moSoreba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
Ara
ara
ara
ara
iSviaTi an gadaSenebis piras myofi
mcenareulTa saxeobebis gadarCena?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mcenareTa saxeobebis ganadgureba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
SenarCuneba mcenareuli an
mecnieruli mniSvnelobis
saxeobebis?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
arsebuli saxeobebis bunebrivi
ganaxleba?
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
diax
SeSis mogroveba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
biologiuri resursebis
gadaWarbebuli gamoyeneba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
iSviaTi an gadaSenebis piras myofi
cxovelTa saxeobebis gadarCena?
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
cxovelTa populaciebis
mravalferovneba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
saxeobebis bunebrivi migracia?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
195
invaziuri saxeobebis gamoCena?
abhesi
ara
diax
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
bunebrivi saxeobebis an genetikuri
mravalferovnebis dakargva?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mcenareulobis ganadgureba an
wyalbWarb teritoriebze an
sanapiroebze mSenebloba > 1.0
heqtarze?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
pesticidebis / rodenticidebis,
inseqticidebis, an herbicides
gamoyeneba > 1.0 heqtarze?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
saxeobaTa gamravlebis arealSi
mSenebloba an mis axlos
mSenebloba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
wylis dinebis Semcireba ramac
SeiZleba gamoiwvios hidrologiuri
reJimis cvla, Sedegad daWaobebuli
niadagebis ganadgureba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
kaSxlis qvemoT dinebis nakadis
Semcireba ramac SeiZleba
zegmoqmedeba iqonios mis
momxmareblebze (adamianebze,
meTevzeebze, da velur bunebaze)?
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
N
diax
ara
diax
N
diax
196
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
Semosuli mili iwvevs napiris
gamorecxvis zrdas iq, sadac wyali
ubrundeba nakads?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
aRmoCenili flora da/anfauna
ekologiuri an komerciuli
mniSvnelobis?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
fSaveli
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
oper
da eqsp
diax
6) socio-economikuri sakiTxebi
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
SeTavazebuli proeqtis axlos
dasaxlebebis mdebareoba?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
arsebuli adgilis gamoyeneba an
proeqtis garSemo adgili, romelic
SeiZleba proeqtis warmoebiT iyos
Secvlili?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
proeqtSi an proeqtis garSemo
midamoebi, romlebic ukve
dabinZurebulia an dazianebulia?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
droebiTi an sruli cvlileba
ara
niadagis aTvisebiT, niadagis
dafarviT an topografiiT,maT Soris
teritoriis aTvisebis zrda?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
mSen
mSen
mSen
mSen
mSen
ara
197
abhesi
sazogadoebrivi infrastruqturebis ara
arseboba proeqtSi an proeqtis
teritoriasTan axlos (mag.
skolebis, janmrTelobis
centrebis/clinikebis, eklesiebis da
sxva)?
ara
bunebis dazianebiT gamowveuli
bunebrivi katastrofebis
zemoqmedebis qveS imyofebodes (mag..
wyaldidobebis, miwisZvrebis,
niadagis CamoSlis, da a.S)?
ara
sazogadoebisTvis misaRebi proeqti
(adgilobrivi sazogadoebisTvis,
xelisuplebisTvis, arasamTavrobo
organizaciisTvis)?
ara
ara
kabali
ara
ara
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax diax
ara
ara
danadaris dangrevis SemTxvevaSi
garemosa da mosaxleobaze riski
ara
SesaZlebeli konfliqti mosazRvre
teritoriis gamoyenebasTan?
ara
ara
ara
fSaveli
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
narCenebis adgilze vizualuri
mxare da suni?
ugulebelyofa adgilobrivi
kodeqsis, proeqtis, nebarTvis an
dagegmili miznebis?
Zama
ara
diax
diax diax
ara
ara
diax diax
diax diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
198
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
mSenebloba erovnul parkSi an
gasarTob teritoriaze?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
gadaadgileba >10 erTeulis +6
TveSi?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
saWiro xelsawyoebis an
municipaluri servisis Sewyveta> 10
erTeulis + 6 TveSi?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
dakargva an gaflangva mineraluri
an araaRdgeniTi resursebis?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
xmauris done > 5 decibeli + 3 TveSi? ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
arasasurveli vizualuri efeqti
arsebul garemostan SedarebiT?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
zemoqmedeba samomavlo gamoyenebad
teritoriebze an garSemo
teritoriebze?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
garSemo aris iseTi teritoria
ara
romelic mWidrod aris dasxlebuli
an ganaSenianebuli, romelic
SeiZleba proeqtis zemoqmedebis qveS
moeqces?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
ara
199
aSkarad xilvadia xalxisTvis?
Semdgomi proeqtebi, rasac SeiZleba
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba hqondes
garemoze (mag. meti dasaxleba, axali
gzebi, axali mxardamWeri
industriebis an komunaluri
momsaxureba da a.S)?
abhesi
ara
ara
ara
diax
kumulaciuri efeqti sxva msgavsi
arsebuli Tu dagegmili proeqtebis
gamo?
ara
ara
socialuri cvlilebebi, magaliTad,
demografiaSi, tradiciul
cxovrebis ritmSi, da dasaqmebaSi?
diax diax
Zama
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax diax
kabali
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax diax
kaxareTi
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax diax
lopota
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax diax
maWaxela
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax diax
fSaveli
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax diax
7) kulturuli sakiTxebi
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
mSen
oper
da eqsp
preistoriuli, istoriuli an
paleontologiuri resursebi 30
metris moSorebiT mSeneblobisgan?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
unikaluri kulturuli an sxva
eTnikuri Rirebulebani
teritoriaze?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
200
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
8) sazogadoebis janmrTelobis sakiTxi
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
adamianis an sazogadoebis
keTildReoba da janmrTeloba?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
xarisxi da toqsikuroba haeris,
wylis, sakvebis da adamianis mier
moxmarebuli sxva produqtebis?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
mSen
ara
mSen
ara
mSen
ara
avadmyofoba an sikvdilianoba
diax diax
adamianebSi/TemSi dabinZurebis gamo?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
daavadebis gadamtanebis gaCena
(mwerebis CaTvliT) an gavrceleba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
adamianebis, Temis an sazogadoebis
daucveloba daavadebis mimarT?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
adamianebSi personaluri daculobis
diax
grZnoba?
sazogadoebrivi erTianoba da
msgavseba?
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
diax
diax
ara
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
mSen
ara
diax diax
mSen
ara
diax diax
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
201
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
kulturuli msgavsebebi da
kavSirebi?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
umciresobaTa uflebebi?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ojaxuri pirobebi?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
dasaqmeba da dasaqmebis xarisxi?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
socialuri instituebi?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
incidentis gamowveva, ramac
SeiZleba imoqmedos adamianze an
garemoze?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
- afeTqebiT, mavne nivTierebis
daRvriT, xanZriT da aS?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
- mavne an toqsikuri nivTierebebis
SenaxviT, momyrobiT, warmoebiT
gamowveuli?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
202
abhesi
bunebrivi katastrofebis
zemoqmedeba, rac garemos dazianebas
iwvevs (mag. wyaldidobebi,
miwisZvrebi, niadagis CamoSla, da
aS)?
ara
ara
AadamianTa daucveli jgufebi
romelic SeiZleba proeqtis
zegavlenis qveS iyvnen (mag.
saavadmyofos pacientebi, moxucebi)?
diax diax
Zama
ara
ara
kabali
ara
ara
kaxareTi
ara
ara
lopota
ara
ara
maWaxela
ara
fSaveli
ara
ara
diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
9) haeris xarisxi
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
obieqtze haeris dabinZurebis
warmoqmna?
diax
haeris dabinZurebis an mavne
nivTierebebis koncentraciis
Sesabamisi standartebis darRveva?
ara
satvirTo manqanebiT moZraoba
mSeneblobis an operirebisas?
diax
konstruqciis dangreva an CamoSla?
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
diax
ara
diax
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
diax
ara
diax
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
diax
ara
diax
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
diax
ara
diax
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
diax
ara
diax
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
diax
ara
diax
ara
oper
da eqsp
ara
ara
ara
ara
203
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
suni mSeneblobis an operirebis
dros?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mikroklimatis cvlileba?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
damabinZurebeli an momwamlavi
nivTierebis, toqsikuri an mavne
SenaerTebis gaSveba haerSi?
diax
gamonabolqvi stacionaruli an
moZravi wyaroebis moZvelebuli
sawvavis wviT?
diax
- gamonabolqvi masalebis mopyrobiT
gamowveuli dasawyobebisa da
transportirebis CaTvliT?
- gamonabolqvi gamowveuli
samSeneblo saqmianobiT sadgurebisa
da aRWurvilobis CaTvliT?
- mtveri an suni masalebTan
mopyrobis gamo samSeneblo
masalebis, kanalizaciisa da
narCenebis CaTvliT?
- gamonabolqviRia haerze narCenebis
wvisgan (gaCexvisa da samSeneblo
narCenebi)?
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
diax
diax
diax
diax
ara
diax
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
204
abhesi
Zama
kabali
kaxareTi
lopota
maWaxela
fSaveli
10) xmauri da vibracia
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
oper
da eqsp
tipi/zemoqmedeba
mSen
xmauri an moZraoba gamomcemi
sinaTlis, dartymiTi
eleqtromagnituri gamosxivebis
gamoTavisuflebisas?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
- xelsawyoebis moqmedebis dros (mag. diax diax
motoris, saventilacio,
damsxvrevis mowyobilobis)?
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
diax diax
- mSeneblobis da/an dangrevis??
diax
diax
diax
diax
diax
diax
diax
- Camongrevis an CamoSlis?
ara
mSeneblobis an sagzao moZraobis?
diax
- eleqtro magnituri wyaroebidan?
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
mSen
ara
diax
ara
ara
ara
ara
ara
205
danarTi g – damatebiTi rukebi
g-1 abhesis mcire hesis topografiuli ruka
g-2 Zamas mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
206
g-3 kabalis mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
g-4 kalauris mcire hesis topografiuli ruka
207
g-5 kaxareTis mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
g-6 xidisTavis mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
208
g-7 lopotas mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
g-8 maWaxelas mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
209
g-9 okamis mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
g-10 fSavelis mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
210
g-11 sarTiWalas mcire hes-is topografiuli ruka
211
danarTi d - sajaro konsultaciebi - organizaciebisgan miRebuli konsultaciebi da
Catarebuli interviuebi
kompaniis profili
sakontaqto informacia
organizaciis saxelwodeba organizaciis saxe organizaciisa da sxdomis aRwera
sakontaqto piri
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
saxelmwifo
biznessa da mSeneblobasTan
avTo lomiaSvili sabinao da
saministro
saagento
dakavSirebuli nebarTvis gacemis
komunaluri
pasuxismgebeli saministro.
policiis
mSeneblobis nebarTvis/licenziis
ganyofilebis
mosapoveblad proeqtis wardgenis
ufrosi
Tnamdeboba
misamarTi
Wanturias q.
tel/ faqsi
#6, Tbilisi,
mob. (+995 93) 78 13 82
saqarTvelo
procedurebis axsna energetikis
ganviTareba soflad progarmis
farglebSi.
saTemo kavSiri "Zama"
saTemo kavSiri
soflis donis saTemo kavSiri
zurab lekiSvili
Tavjdomare
warmatebuli bunebrivi airis
sof kexijvari, qarelis
mob. (+995 93) 94 14 55
regioni, saqarTvelo
qselebis mSeneblobaSi da
adgilobrivi mcire hesis
reabilitaciiT dainteresebuli.
“Zama”-s mcire hesis mSeneblobis
adgilis naxva da potenciuri hidro
sareabitalizacio proeqtis
zogierTi garemos dacvis aspeqtebis
klarifikacia
212
nebarTvebis
guluas q. #6,
saministroSi romelic
ganyofilebis
Tbilisi,saqarTvelo
nebarTvebis ganyofileba,
pasuxismgebelia garemos sakiTxebis
ufrosi
garemos dacvisa da
nebarTvis gacemaze. klarifikacia
bunebrivi resursebis
garemos
saministro
wylis Semodineba/gadinebis
nebarTvebis uwyeba,
saxelmwifo
ganyofileba garemos dacvis
garemosdacviTi
saagento
nika Waxnakia
mob. (+995 77) 40 19 72
nebarTvis/licenziis da
licenziis mosapoveblad
progarmis farglebSi.
bunebis msoflio fondi
arasamTavrobo
garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso
(WWF)
organizacia
arasamTavrobo organizacia.
maka biwaZe
proeqtis asistanti
aleqsiZis q
#11,
tel. (+995 32) 33 01 54; mob.
Tbilisi,saqarTvelo
(+995 99) 57 52 88
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriis
Seasxeb informaciis mopoveba maT
Soris ruka),javaxeTis regionis
flora da fauna. agreTve borjomixaragaulis erovnuli parkis da misi
mimdebare teritoriis flora da
faunaze ganaxlebuli informaciis
mopoveba .
saqarTvelos geofizikis
saxelmwifo
samTavrobo organo romelic
zurab
direqtoris
aleqsiZis q. #1,
tel. (+995 32) 33 57
instituti
saagento
pasuxismgebelia saqarTveloSi
javaxiSvili
moadgile
Tbilisi,saqarTvelo
03; (+995 32) 33 29 34 faqsi
seismur muSaobis informaciis
mopoveba/Segrovebaze.
(+995 32) 33 59 34
saqarTvelos
seismuri zonebis rukebi.
213
kompaniis profili
organizaciis
organizaciis saxe organizaciisa da Sexvedris aRwera
sakontaqto piri
Tnamdeboba
misamarTi
tel / faqsi
saqarTvelos centri
arasamTavrobo
garemos dacvis adgilobrivi
ramaz
direqtori
nucubiZis palto 3,1-7/10,
tel. (+995 32) 32 64
garesamyaros
organizacia
arasamTavrobo organizacia.
goxelaSvili
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
96 faqsi (+995 32) 53 74 78
biologiuri
guluas q. #6, Tbilisi,
Tel. (+995 32) 27 57
saqarTvelo
21 faqsi (+995 32) 27 57 37
saxelwodeba
saqarTvelos momTabare frinvelebze
SeasnarCuneblad
miRebuli
informacia (maT Soris
frinvelTa migraciis ruka) agreTve
informacia Woroxi deltis menejmentis
gegmaze da kolxeTis mozamTre
frinvelebze
marina xavTasi
garemos dacvisa da
saxelmwifo
garemos sakiTxebis monacemTa
bunebrivi resursebis
saagento
Segrovebaze pasuxismgebeli
mravalferovnebis
saministro. saqarTvelos mtknari wylis
dacvis
Tevzis saxeobebze miRebuli
departamenti/
saministro
informacia
ufrosi
specialisti
garemos da bunebrivi
saxelmwifo
garemos dacvis sakiTxebis monacemTa
biologiuri
guluas q. #6, Tbilisi,
tel. (+995 32) 27 57
resursebis saministro
saagento
Segrovebaze pasuxismgebeli
mravalferovnebis
saqarTvelo
21 faqsi (+995 32) 27 57 37
saministro. informaciis mowodeba
dacvis
saqarTvelos flora da faunaze,
departamenti/
ana ruxaZe
agreTve informacia saqarTvelos
214
daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb.
ganyofilebis
ufrosis
movaleobis
Semsrulebeli
saqarTvelos daculi
arasamTavrobo
alaznis Walis menejmentis gegmze
teritoriebis programa
organizacia
miRebuli informacia
maWaxelas sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
municipaliteti. sakrebuloze
alioSa
Tavjdomare
sof maWaxela,aWaris
saagento
mopovebuli socioekonomikuri
kaxiZe ramaz
menejeri
regioni, saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
TurmaniZe
saxelmwifo
inuri xelaia
Tavjdomare
sof inCxuri, saqarTvelo
mob. (+995 93) 24 02 79
saagento
nukri xrikuli
Tavjdomare
sof okami, Sida qarTli
mob. (+995 55) 12 47 89
inCxuri sakrebulo
mzia gabunia
menejeri
(gegma)
leoniZis q.. #1, Tbilisi,
tel. (+995 32) 92 25 46
saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
okamis sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
saagento
regioni,, saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
misaqcielis sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
saagento
manana Caduneli
ganyofilebis
sof misakcieli, mcxeTa-
ufrosi
TianeTis regioni
saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
TianeTis gamgeoba
saxelmwifo
saagento
mob. (+995 99) 72 49 21
beso bujiaSvili
gamgeblis moadgile TianeTi, mcxeTa-TianeTis
mob. (+995 93) 19 01 19
regioni, saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
lopota HPP
kerZo
lado sxirtlaZe
mesakuTreebi
sof nafareuli, kaxeTis
mob. (+995 99) 55 41 07
215
organizacia
regioni saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
miSa nacvliSvili
kompaniis profili
organizaciis
organizaciis
organizaciisa da Sexvedris aRwera
sakontaqto piri
saxelwodeba
saxe
qabalis sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
jemal almazovi
saagento
Tnamdeboba
Tavjdomare
misamarTi
tel / faqsi
Sof. kabali, kaxeTi regioni,, mob. (+995 99) 21 23 99
saqarTvelo
monacemebi.
kalauris sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
saagento
marTyofis sakrebulo
sarTiWalis sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
saagento
saxelmwifo
saagento
monacemebi.
monacemebi.
monacemebi.
lelovani sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
saagento
monacemebi.
xidisTavis sakrebulo
saxelmwifo
saagento
monacemebi.
nikoloz doxnaZe
Tavjdomare
sof kalauri, kaxeTis
mob. (+995 99) 50 53 73
regioni,, saqarTvelo
amiran
Tavjdomare
koba moxeviSvili
sof martyofi, qvemo qarTli
mob. (+995 93) 15 97 18
regioni, saqarTvelo
totikaSvili
Tavjdomare
sof sarTiWala, qvemo
mob. (+995 99) 61 26 15
qarTli regioni, saqarTvelo
grigol gigaSvili
Add
Tavjdomare
Tavjdomare
Sof. lelovani, saqarTvelo
sof xidisTavi, guriis
mob. (+995 99) 58 41 52
regioni, saqarTvelo
216
Sps riceula
kerZo
kerZo mcire hesis operatori.
organizacia
mindia mindeli
mesakuTre
sof sadmeli, raWa-leCxumi
mob. (+995 99) 53 69 46
regioni, saqarTvelo
proeqtSi monawileobis misaRebad
Catarebuli diskusiebi da saWiro HPP
reabilitacia.
Sps riceula
kerZo
organizacia
zura
kervaliSvili
TanamesakuTre
sof sadmeli, raWa-leCxumi
mob. (+995 77) 50 37 33
regioni,
saqarTvelo
reabilitacia.
Sps saqcementi
kerZo
organizacia
vaJa metreveli
mTavari inJineri
delisis q. 22, Tbilisi,
mob. (+995 99) 58 84 66
saqarTvelo
reabilitacia.
bjuja HPP
kerZo
organizacia
reno uruSaZe
TanamesakuTre
sof Semoqmedi, guria
mob. (+995 99) 94 47 23
regioni, saqarTvelo
reabilitacia.
Sps bakuri
kerZo
organizacia
ramaz TurmaniZe
mTavari inJineri
sof qed-qedi, aWara regioni
saqarTvelo
reabilitacia.
217
kompaniis profili
organizaciis
organizaciis saxe organizaciisa da sxdomis aRwera
sakontaqto piri
Tnamdeboba
misamarTi
tel / faqsi
dmanisi, sof. pantiani, qvemo
mob. (+995 77) 43 33 30
saxelwodeba
Sps gineri
Cxorhesi HPP
kerZo organizacia
kerZo organizacia
(w/ zogi
saxelmwifo
anzori dundua
Catarebuli diskusiebi da saWiro
HPP reabilitacia.
programaSi monawileobis
misaRebad Catarebuli diskusiebi
da saWiro HPP reabilitacia.
vaxo begiaSvili
Tana-mesakuTre
qarTli regioni,, saqarTvelo
mesakuTre
Cxorowyu, samegrelo
mob. (+995 99) 21 56 73
regioni,saqarTvelo
mesakuTreoba)
melioraciis
saxelmwifo
saagento
saxelmwifo
pasuxismgebelia wyalmimRebi
departamenti
nagebobebis
vano ciskariSvili mTavari inJineri
maCabelis q 8., Tbilisi
mob. (+99599) 21 88 88
givi metreveli
maCabelis q 8., Tbilisi
mob. (+995 32) 99 67 21
licenziis gacemaze.
momavali TanamSromlobis
ganxilva.
melioraciis
saxelmwifo
saagento
saxelmwifo
pasuxismgebelia wyalmimRebi
departamenti
nagebobebis
ganyofilebis
ufrosi
licenziis gacemaze.
momavali TanamSromlobis
ganxilva.
218
saqarTvelos banki
kerZo organizacia komerciuli banki romelic
Temur abulaZe
direqtoris
puSkinis q. #3, Tbilisi,
emsaxureba saqarTvelos da
moadgile sakredito saqarTvelo
ganaxlebadi
ganyofilebaSi
tel. (+995 32) 44 41 80, 44
42 25
energiiT/energoefeqturobis
dafinansebis gamocdilebiT mcire
hes-ebis da bun gazis proeqtebis
CaTvliT, sesxis aRebis pirobebis
Sesaxeb msjeloba energetikis
sferosa da samomavlo
TanamSromlobisTvis.
TBC banki
kerZo organizacia
sagareo saqmeTa
WavWavaZe gamz. #11, Tbilisi,
tel. (+995 32) 22 06 61,
ZiriTadad emsaxureba qalaqebs
ganyofilebis
saqarTvelo
faqsi. (+995 32) 22 04 06
saqarTveloSi. sesxis aRebis
ufrosi.
komerciuli banki romelic
daviT wiklauri
pirobebis Sesaxeb msjeloba
energetikis seqtorisTvis da
SesaZlo samomavlo
TanamSromloba.
CORE inTerneSenali,
kerZo organizacia
Inc.
ganxiluli maregulirebeli da
inga fxalaZe
legaluri struqtura da energo
energetikis ufrosi lermontovis q. #10,
tel. (+995 32) 43 90 20,
specialisti
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
faqsi. (+995 32) 43 90 22
ganyofilebis
aRmaSeneblis gamz. #150a,
tel. (+995 32) 94 02 26; 94
ufrosi
Tbilisi saqarTvelo
15 80; 95 56 99. faqsi. 94 15
seqtorSi SemoTavazebuli
cvlilebebi.
klimatis cvlilebis saxelmwifo
ganyofileba,
saagento
klimatis cvlilebis ganyofileba
uflebamosilia ganaviTaros da
saqarTvelos
ganaxorcielos bunebrivi klimatis
garemos dacvisa da
cvlilebebis wesis sxvadasxva
bunebrivi
apeqtebi. kerZod erovnuli
resursebis
komunikaciebis momzadeba, klimatis
paata janeliZe
36
219
saministro
cvilebis adaptaciis RonisZiebebis
ganviTareba da a.S.
kompaniis profili
organizaciis
organizaciis
organizaciisa da sxdomis
saxelwodeba
saxe
aRwera
energo inJinrebis
arasamTavrobo
organizacia
GAEE aris saqarTvelos
saqarTvelos
adgilobrivi
asocoacia (GAEE)
romelsac 25-ze meti wevri hyavs
sakontaqto piri Tnamdeboba
misamarTi
tel / faqsi
baadur CxeiZe
mamasaxlisov q #5,
tel. (995 32) 30 04 19, 32 91
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
69
lermontovis q.#10,
tel. (995 32) 92 16 40/99;
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
Fax. 92 15 08
vice direqtori
asociacia
gawvrTnili energoefeqturois
da
ganaxlebadi energo
proeqtis ganxorcieleba moicavs
energetikis angariSgebas,
proeqtis monaxazs da
mSeneblobas..
arasamTavrobo
organizacia
EEC Seiqmna saqarTvelos
giorgi
energoefeqturobis
sawvavisa da energetikis
abulaSvili
centri (EEC)
saministros zedamxedvelobiT.
saqarTvelos
direqtori
EEC-is ZiriTadi mizania mxari
dauWiros energoefeqturobis
ganviTarebas saqarTvelos
ekonomikis mtavar seqtorebSi.
220
bioenergia
arasamTavrobo
organizacia
arasamTavrobo organizacia
dali biwaZe
aRmasrulebeli direqtori baqraZis q #11, Tbilisi,
romelic muSaobs ganaxlebadi
tel. (995 32) 99 09 44
saqarTvelo
energiisenergoefeqturobis
piloturi proeqtebis dizainsa
da mSeneblobaze romelSic Sedis
biogazis
gardamqmnelebi. biogazis
gardamqmnelebis Sesaxeb
Segrovebuli informacia dRemde
ganxorcielebuli samuSaoebi da
zemoqmedeba garemoze.
samTo aqtivobis
arasamTavrobo
organizacia
saqarTvelos kavSiri
jumber xanTaZe
Tavjdomare
romelic muSaobs ganaxlebad
yazbegis gamz
. #15,
tel. (995 32) 99 06 66; 98 91
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
33
baxtrionis q #30,
tel. (995 32) 36 19 79, 99 93
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
09
energo sakiTxebze mTian
regionebSi gamoiyeneba ra
adgilobrivi wyaroebi da saTemo
organizaciebis daxmarebiT. misi
mizania daicvas garemo da mTis
mosaxleobas gauumjobesos
sacxovrebeli pirobebi.
Sps geoTermia
kerZo
firma uzrunvelyofs
oTar
organizacia
konsultaciebis gawevas
vardigoreli
direqtori
geoTermul energetikasTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebze maT
Soris mecnieruli kvleviTi
samuSaoebi, teqnikuri
daproeqteba da
mSenebloba. zogadi diskusiebi
221
geoTermul muSaobaze
saqarTveloSi da potenciuri
zegavlena garemoze. saqarTvelos
geoTermuli mxaris ruka.
kompaniis profili
organizaciis
organizaciis saxe organizaciisa da sxdomis
saxelwodeba
aRwera
saqarTvelo
wylis
s/s
proeqti
s/s uzrunvelyofs HPP
sakontaqto piri
Tnamdeboba
misamarTi
tel / faqsi
Temur mdinaraZe
mTavari inJineri
11 mosaSvilis q, Tbilisi,
mob. (+995 99) 72 02 10
tteqnikuri proeqti da wylis
saqarTvelo
resursebis menejmentis
sakonsultacio servisebiT.
garemoze dagegmili
zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb msjeloba
eleqtroenergiis
individualuri
momwodeblebTan da potenciuri
gavlena garemoze.
saqarTvelo bunebrivi s/s
s/s uzrunvelyofs bunebrivi
airis proeqti
gazis qselis teqnikuri
suliko baramiZe
mTavari inJineri
158 Jores q Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
mob. (+995 99) 15 83 19
dizainis sakonsultacio
servisebiT. garemoze dagegmili
zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb msjeloba
222
eleqtroenergiis
individualuri
momwodeblebTan da potenciuri
gavlena garemoze.
USAID
donori
energetikisa da
25 aTonelis q 0105, Tbilisi,
soflad” programis donori
garemos dacvis
saqarTvelo
damfinansebeli da programuli
ofisi CTO
“energetikis ganviTareba
Tamuna barabaZe
mob. (+995 99) 56 69 54
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba.
zogadi msjeloba USAID
eropa/evraziis garemosdacviT
oficrisa da kavkasiis misissis
reg ificris garemosdacviT
moTxovnebze. moxseneba
Sefasebis gundis mier
Catarebuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
USAID
s/s
energetikisa da
25 aTonelis q, 0105, Tbilisi,
soflad” programis donori
garemos dacvis
saqarTvelo
damfinansebeli da programuli
ofisis
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba.
direqtori
“energetikis ganviTareba
jon hensoni
mob. (+995 99) 56 69 56
zogadi msjeloba USAID
eropa/evraziis garemosdacviT
oficrisa da kavkasiis misissis
reg ificris garemosdacviT
moTxovnebze. moxseneba
Sefasebis gundis mier
Catarebuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
223
msoflio banki/IFC
s/s
donori romelic CarTulia
natalia maRraZe,
garemosdacviTi
5a, 1 Sesaxvevi, WavWavaZis. gamz,
tel. (+995 32) 91 26 89, 91
sesxebiTa da/an grantis
Tea gigiberia
da socialuri
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
30 96; faqsi. 91 34 80
mcxeTa 3, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
tel. (+995 32) 22 69 02, 25
dafinansebis uzrunvelyofaSi
starategiuli
raTa mxari dauWiros
ganviTarebis
ganaxlebadi
eqsperti, da
programis
proeqtebs
koordinatori
saqarTveloSi. zogadi
diskusiebi wina samuSaoebze
romelic Seasrula
msoflio
bankma /IFC maT Soris biogazis
gardamqmnelebis piloturi
proeqtebis da ganaxlebadi
energia/energoefeqturobis SME
bazris aRweris dasruleba.
CHF
arasamTavrobo
organizacia
USAID-mier dafinansebuli
mixeil xuCua
garemos dacvis
specialisti
16 72; faqsi.25 16 74
romelic axorcielebs soflis
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis
proeqtebs. diskusiebi
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
muSaobaze romelic Seasrula
CHF roca axorcielebda mcire
maStabis infrastruqturis
ganviTarebis proeqtebs
Segrovebuli masala
224
Kompaniis profili
organizaciis
organizaciis saxe organizaciisa da sxdomis
saxelwodeba
aRwera
fSavelis saTemo
kavSiri
saTemo kavSiri
"gza"
sakontaqto
Tnamdeboba
misamarTi
tel / faqsi
sof fSaveli, kaxeTis regioni,
mob. (+995 99) 97 46 84
piri
soflis –donis
saTemo kavSiri
romelic dainteresebulia
levan
Tavjdomare
SaTiriSvili
saqarTvelo
adgilobrivi mcire hesis
reabilitaciiT. fSavelis mciore
hes-is mSeneblobis adgilze
misvla da
potenciuri hidro
reabilitaciis proeqtis
zogierTi garemos aspeqtebis
klarifikacia
qarelis gamgeoba
gia zarandia
gamgebeli
qvemo qarTlis regioni,
adgilobrivi
qvemo qarTlis regioni, qareli
administracia
adgilobrivi sammarTvelos mier
qarelis raioni, qareli,
regionis socialuri da
saqarTvelo
mob. (+995 99) 10 56 25
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb mowodebuli
informacia da potenciuri
adgilobrivi sammarTvelos
mxardaWera samomavlo proeqtSi.
PA's samxreT kavkasiis
USAID mier
gadaxedili da mowodebuli
wylis proeqti
dafinansebuli
eleqtronuli monacemebi wylisa klaure, zurab
organizacia
da garemos resursebis Sesaxeb.
sergio
proeqtis gundi
44I leseliZis q, 0105, Tbilisi,
tel. (+995 32) 92 14 85/86
saqarTvelo
jinWaraZe, devi
sturua
225
kaxareTi HPP
kerZo organizacia kerZo mcire hesis operatori.
xviCa robaqiZe
ganxilva “energetikis
mesakuTris
samcxe-javaxeTis regioni,
warmomadgeneli
axalcixis raioni
mob. (+995 93) 63 66 09
ganviTareba soflad” proeqtSi
monawileobis misaRebad
Catarebuli diskusiebi da
saWiro HPP reabilitacia.
abhesi HPP
kerZo organizacia kerZo mcire hesis
giorgi wulaia mTavari inJineri
sof Aabhesi, samegrelos
regioni, marvilis raioni
operatori. “energetikis
ganviTareba soflad” proeqtSi
monawileobis misaRebad
Catarebuli diskusiebi da
saWiro HPP reabilitacia.
mixeil sulxaniSvili
damoukidebeli
mowodebuli topografia 1, 2 da
mixeil
geografiuli
41 yazbegis gamz 0177, Tbilisi, mob. (995 93) 25 97 86
konsultanti
3 wlebis, potenciuri proeqtis
sulxaniSvili
inJinirebis sistemis
saqarTvelo
adgilmdebareobis rukebi
specialisti
Sefasebis moxsenebisaTvis.
226
danarTi e – skopingis ganacxadi
energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programa
erToblivi SeTanxmeba # 114-A-00-05-00106-00
saqarTveloSi energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
skopingis ganacxadi
waredgina
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis aSS saagentos
USAID / kavkasia / Tbilisi
227
1. programuli
dasabuTeba
garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis
Sesavali
da
USAID –is garemosdacviTi debulebebi (federaluri wesebis 22-e kodeqsi
CFP 216), farTod cnobili rogorc debuleba 216-e, adgens pirobebs da
procedurebs saagentos mier dafinansebuli RonisZiebebis garemosdacviTi
SefasebisaTvis. es wesebi aseve adgens moqmedebaTa jgufebs, romelic
gansazRvrulia, rogorc garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis mqone
qmedebebi. [216 .2.(d)] da moiTxovs garemogaremosdacviT Sefasebas. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa (energetika soflad) aris
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s mier dafinansebuli programa da ganisazRvreba
debuleba 216-iT.
90-iani wliebis Sua peiodidan USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo – afinansebda
ganaxlebadi energiis /energoefeqturobis proeqtebs (samuSao davaleba 15,
samusao davaleba 280 da saqrTvelos energetikuli usafrTxoebis
iniciativa) saqarTveloSi energetikuli krizisis aRmosafxvrelad.
saqarTveloSi aris uamravi soflis Temi, sadac Zalian mcire
energomomaragebaa. 2004 wels soflis dasaxlebebis umravlesobas
miewodeboda qseluri el. energia dReSi mxolod 3 sT-is ganmavlobaSi da
bevrs kidev ar miewodeboda bunebrivi airi. soflis saqmianobis da
meurneobebis umravlesoba damokidedebulia Zvir da garemoze uaryofiTad
moqmed eleqtrogeneratorebze, ukanonod mopovebul SeSaze an sulac ar
xmaroben arafers.
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s mier dafinansebuli saqarTvelos energo
usafrTxoebis iniciativis programa energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis winamorbedi muSaobda saqarTveloSi, raTa Seeqmna soflad
energetikis generirebis, gavrcelebis da marTvis modeli. garemosdacviTi
mimoxilvis (Sesamowmebeli CamonaTvali) da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa
da monitoringis gegmebi Seiqmna bunebrivi airis gavrcelebis proeqtebisa
da mcire zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis sareabilitacio proeqtebisTvis
da damtkicebul iqna USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s evropisa da evraziis
biuros garemosdacviTi oficris mier.
2005 w. USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s energetikis strategiuli amocanis
gundma, romelic saqarTveloSi potenciur da samomavlo saqmianobaze
dafuZnebiT, SesTavaze soflad energetikis ganviTarebis gafarToeba,
rogorc energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis TanamSromlobis
xelSekrulebis sagani. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis saxeliT
SerCeulia 40-me Temi, romelic miiRebs teqnikur daxmarebas da grantebs,
mcire zomis hidroeleqtro sadgurebis reabilitacia/mSeneblobis da/an
bunebrivi airis ganawilebis, mciremasStabiani ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobis da resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmebs
proeqtebisTvis. TiToeuli proeqtisTvis garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
saWiroebis sakiTxma, gansakuTrebiT Tu es procedurebi grZelvadiania da
warmoadgens wina proeqtebis aucilebel gansazRvrebas, ubiZga misias,
ganesazRvra, rom msgavsi RonisZiebebis mTeli rigi SeiZleba imarTebodes
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis [216.6 (d)] saxeliT 216-e debulebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli modelis Tanaxmad.
rogorc gansazRvruli 216-e debulebaSi, programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis meTodologia savaraudod gankuTvnilia imisTvis, rom: 1) Seafasos
garemoze zemoqmedebebi, romelic gamowveuli msgavsi qmedebebiT da maTi
228
kumulaciuri efeqti moceul qveyanasa Tu geografiul zonaSi; 2) rodesac
garemo zemoqmedeba saerToa uwyebis RonisZiebaTa jgufisTvis an 3) sxva
qmedebebi, romlebic araa damaxasiaTebeli qveynisTvis.
soflad energetikis ganviTarebis RonisZiebebis winaswari dagemvis
safuZvelze, romelic xorcieldeba energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programiT da miznobrivi proeqtebisaTvis pirveladi garemosdacviTi
Semowmebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba
miRebul iqna, rogorc yvelaze efeqturi midgoma garemosdacviTi Semowmebis
sakiTxSi, romelic xorcieldeba energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
farglebSi.
216-e debulebaSi aRniSnuli procedurebis Tanaxmad es dokumenti Sedgeba
skopingis ganacxadisagan [216 .(a) (4)] , romelic saWiroa yvela
garemosdacviTi SeafsebisTvis. USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s misiis moTxovniT
skopingis procesi Sesrulebuli iqna specialistTa im gundis mier,
romelic muSaobs saqarTveloSi da axorcileben Sesabamisi masalis
siRrmiseul ganxilvas, energetikis proeqtebis saeqsperimento adgilebis
daTvalierebas, sadac gadian konsultaciebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis
warmomadgenlebTan, im soflebis Temebis warmomadgenlebTan, romelebic
mdebareobs esengetikis proeqtebi ganxorcielebi adgilis da misiis
mezoblad. skopingis es ganacxadi waredgineba evropisa da evraziis biuros
garemosdacviT oficers gansaxilvevad da dasamtkiceblad 216-e debulebis
Sesabamisad [216. 3 .(a) (4) (ii)].
1.1.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis mizani
programul garemosdacviT Sefasebas eqneba mravali amocana:
- daaCqaros da xeli Seuwyos sakiTxebis dadgenas da gagebas soflad
energetikis ganviTarebis dagegmvis ciklis adreul etapze el energiis ind
momwodeblebis winaswar gansazRvrul da samomavlo samizne adgilebze.
SeimuSavos am RonisZiebebiT gamowveuli garemos gaumjobeseba da amiT
aicilos mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba garemoze manam, sanam miRebul iqneba
saboloo gadawyvetileba
- daexmaros garemosaTvis arajansaRi investiciebis adreul etapze
Semcirebasa da aRmofxvraSi da amiT Semciros sayovelTao mavne
zemoqmedebebi garemoze, rac Tavidan agvacilebs proeqtis gansazRvruli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis saWiroebas yvela am alternativisTvis.
- daexmaros mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis an bunebrivi gazis ganawilebis
seqtorSi uamravi mimdinare da dagegmili investiciebis kumulaciuri
zemoqmedebebis gansazRvraSi;
- daaCqaros soflad energetikis ganviTarebas samSeneblo proeqtebis gageba
im dokumentis SemuSavebiT, romelic sasargeblo iqneba
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-sTvis, saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis, samSenebelo
personalisTvis da sxva pirebisTvis, vinc dainteresebulia am tipis
ganviTarebis investiciebSi, raTa gansazRvruli iqnas is pirobebi, romlis
dros es samuSaoebi Catardeba unfo efeqturad da nayofierad da imis
garantiiT, rom es iqneba uwyveti procesi da ar moaxdens mavne zemoqmedebas
garemoze;
- xeli Seuwyos USAID/ kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s misiis, misi samTavrobo
partniorebs da proeqtis aRmasrulevel uwyebebs SesaZleblobas
pasuxobdnen 216-e debulebis moTxovnebs, rodesc mimarTaven soflad
energetikis ganviTarebis proeqtebisa da bunebrivi resursebis
dakonservebis grantebisTvis;
229
- uzrunvelyos alternatiuli gegmebi, strategiebi an proeqtis tipebis
gansazRvris SesaZleblobebi garemosdacviTi da socialuri xarjebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic xSirad ignonirenulia mcirexarjiani proeqtis
dagegmvisas;
- saSualeba misces amomwuravad dagegmos ZiriTadi seqtoris farglebSi
Semarbilebili RonisZiebebi, menejmentisa da monitoringis RonisZiebebi
resursebis intergrirebuli marTvis gegmaSi da daadginos farTo
instituciuri, resursebis da teqnologiuri saWiroebebi adreul etapze.
2. programis mokle aRwera
2.1 programul garemosdacviT Sefaseba
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s misiis strategiuli gegmis
konteqstSi.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis amocanebs warmoadgens
a)sasoflo seqtorSi sando, efeqturad gamomuSavebuli energetikuli
resursebis gazrdili raodenobiT miwodebas (badesTan dakavSirebuli da
damoukidebeli); b) adgilobrivi energiis warmoebis gaumjobesebul
menejments; g) qveynis SigniT arsebuli sasoflo energetikuli simZlavris
an alteratiuli energiiT momaragebis gaumjobesebas; d) gaumjobesebul
SesaZleblobebs gamoiyenos, marTos da daicvas adgilobrivi el energia da
bunebrivi resursebi baza. am miznebis misaRwevad programa uzrunvelyofs
amomwurav RonisZiebeTa mTel rigs, romlebic gamiznulia saqarveloSi
soflad energo krizisis aTmosafxvrelad. es saSualebas miscems: a)
soflebs moaxdinos energiis gamommuSavebeli mowyobilobebis reabilitacia
da marTva; b) imuSaos adgilobriv dawesebulebebTan da mwarmoeblebTan,
raTa ganaviTaros da gamoiyenos sando alternatiuli energo resursebi
(mag.: biomasa da mzis energia, adgilobrivi ekonomikuri zrdis
xelSesawyobad); g) awios soflis ganaxlebad da energoefeqturobis
teqnologiebSi lokaluri simZlavre ufro efeqturi saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT; d) ganaviTaros adgilobrivi simZlavre mudmivi
energosistemebis ganviTarebaSi saqarTvelos punqtis saxiT, romelic
msgavsia REPSO-si; e) da ganaviTaros sofelze orientirebuli bunebrivi
resursebis menejmentis gegma, raTa ukeTesad iqnes gamoyenebuli da daculi
adgilobrivi energo-resursebis baza.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufis mier Catarebuli
RonisZiebebi ZiriTadad moicavs sofelSi arsebuli energetikuli
nagebobebis reabilitacias, ganaxlebadi energiis/energoefeqturobis
mciremasStabian proeqtebis ganxorcielebis da resursebis integrirebuli
marTvis gegmis grantebis gamoyenebas. ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqturobasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi daiwyo samuSao
davaleba 15-is farglebSi da gagrZelda samuSao davaleba 820-is da
saqarTvelos energetikuli usafrTxoebis iniciativis farglebSi.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba miznad isaxavs im RonisZiebebis
mudmivobis damtkicebas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia proeqtis am komponentiT da
warmoadgens saboloo garantiis nabijs, rom winaswar gaTvaliswinebuli
Sedegebi ganisazRvreba rogorc “mudmivi”.
qvemoT mokled aris moyvanili energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
oTxi amocana da masTan dakavSirebuli RoniSZiebebi. amas moyveba monacemTa
cxrili, romelSic Setanilia mocemuli programis amocanebi da
mosalodneli Sedegebi.
230
2.1.1 mizani #1: gazrdili energomomarageba
iq, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba, energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
uzrunvelyofs teqnikur daxmarebas soflebis mimarT energo kompaniebis _
el energiis ind momwodebeli kompaniebis marTvis dawyebaSi, menejmentSi,
operirebaSi – maT SeuZliaT eleqtroenergiis pirdapir miwodeba soflebSi.
teqnikur da finansur misaRebobis ukve Catarebuli analizis safuZvelze
(USAID/ kavkasia/ saqarTvelo-s GESI proeqti), soflebi, romlebic
dainteresebulni arian proeqtSi monawileobiT, miiReben organizaciul
mxardaWeras adgilobrivi energo nagebobis CamoyalibebaSi. proeqtis
teqnikuri asistenti daexmareba partniorebs energomwarmoebeli nagebobebis
dagegmarebasa da marTvaSi komerciul bazaze. proeqtis xelsewyobis
misaRebad energomwarmoebeli nagebobebi kerZo sakuTrebaSi unda iyos.
USAID/ kavkasia/ saqarTvelo-s TA xels Seuwyobs soflebs aqtivebis
Rirebulebis damtkicebaSi da iTanamSromlebs soflebTan da ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis saministrosTan privatizaciis procesis dasaCqareblad.
proeqtisTvis gamoyofili fondebi xels Seuwyobs 40-ze meti
eleqtroenergiis individualuri momwodebeli (IPP) energomowyobilobebis
reabilitaciisa da mSeneblobis sakiTxSi (mciremasStabiani
hidroenergosadgurebi da (bunebrivi gavrcelebis sistema).
detaluri biznes da operirebis menejmentis gegmebi SemuSaveba TiToeuli
soflis el energiis ind momwodeblebisTvis. yvela sofelSi
mwarmoeblisaTvis, romlebic dainteresebulni arian alternatiul
energomomsaxureobis ganviTarebiT, mocemuli programa uzrunvelyofs
daxmarebas aucilebel teqnikur da finansur sakiTxebSi, romelSic Sedis
resursebis Sefaseba da sxvadasxva analizebi ganawilebuli gamomuSavebis,
erToblivi gamomuSavebis da sxva inovaciebi energo gadawyvetis Sesaxeb.
rogorc teqnikuri analizis nawili (inJineruli dizainis da SesaZlo
Seswavla proeqtis ganxorcielebis dawyebamde), es proeqti Seafasebs
mowyobilobis dayenebas, SemoTavazebuli adgilis Sesabamisobas rogorc
sareabilitacio, aseve samSeneblo proeqtebTan. edegad, programa Tavidan
aicilebs kritikuli teqnikis an garemoze mavne zegavlenis proeqtebis
ganxorcielebas, romelic imoqmedebs proeqtis Sesrulebaze (energiis
gamomuSaveba), infrastruqturis mTlianobaze, metad mgrZnobiare
sacxovrebel adgilebze, an kritikul biologiur resursebze.
zog SemTxvevaSi programa imuSavebs, raTa daexmaros eleqtroenergiis
individualur mwarmoebels molaparakebebis warmarTvaSi adgilobriv
energogamanawilebel kompaniasTan eleqtro energiis gayidvis
xelSekrulebis Taobaze. es xelSekruleba iqneba garanti imisa, rom axali
eleqtro energiis individualuri mwarmoebeli miiRebs sabazro da
garantirebul Semosavals misi eleqtro produqciidan. aseT SemTxvevaSi,
adgilobrivi energogamanawilebeli kompania Seisyidis energias eleqtro
energiis individualuri momwodeblisgan da mihyidis energias saboloo
momxmarebels sofelSi. energiis Sesyidvis sakiTxis sxva instituciuri
mogvareba damokidebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis politikasa da
kanonmdeblobaSi potenciur cvlilebebze.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa daxmarebas gauwevs
energomowyobilobebis da momsaxurebis dafinansebaSi etapobrivi procesis
meSveobiT. pirveli nabiji iqneba soflis an individualuri mwarmoeblis
daxmareba biznes gegmais SemuSavebaSi, romelSic Sedis mgrZnobiarobis
analizi, xarjis/mogebis analizi Tavisufali Tanxebis moZraobis angariSi
da finansuri struqtura yoveli adgilobrivi energetikuli proeqtisTvis;
meore nabiji: adgilobrivi resursebis maqsimaluri raodenobiT SenarCuneba
investiciisTvis; mesame: energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa
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daexmareba a) kreditis miRebis SesaZlo saSualebebi gansazRvraSi; b)
finansuris dagegmvis mTel rigi momsaxureobis uzrunvelyofaSi da g)
moamzados kreditze mimarTvebi finansur dawesebulebebSi warsadgenad (mag.
adgilobrivi komerciuli bankebi, sxva donori programebi, mag. EBRD
dafinansebis meqanizmi).
es programa xels Seuwyobs sxvadasxva eleqtrosadgurebis dagegmvisa da
moxmarebis sakiTxebSi, romelTa umravlesobac dakavSirebulia erovnul
qselTan. ramdenime hidro mowyobiloba energiis mowodebis gazrdis
potencialiT ukve iqna aRmoCenili. zog SemTxvevaSi daxmareba SeiZleba
gaewios “uqselo” saqmianobas, romelic iTvaliswinebs biogazs da mzis
energias, Tu misaRebi iqneba teqnikuri da finansuri TvalsazrisiT. proeqti
teqnikuri asistenti daexmareba mwarmoeblebs saWiro winasamontaJo
analizis sakiTxebSi, alternatiuli energo gadawyvetis dasadgenad, aseve
ganixileba is teqnikuri aspeqtebi, romelic dakavSirebulia
mowyobilobebis damontaJebasa da gamoyenebasTan.
2.1.2. mizani #2: adgilobrivi energo warmoebis
gaumjobesebuli marTva
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa gazrdis hidroenergosadgurebis
reabilitacidan, bunebrivi airis milsadenebis gavrcelebidan da energiis
warmoebis sxva proeqtebis danergvidan miRebul socialur da energetikul
mogebas. programa imuSavebs imisaTvis, rom es mogeba gaxados ekonomikurad,
socialurad da garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT mdgradi didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi el energiis ind momwodeblebis SesaZleblobaTa gazrdiT,
marTon Tavisi saSualebebi da potenciuri realizebadi Semosavali. am
amocanidan SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes komunaluri nagebobebis marTvis
treningi, biznesis ganviTarebis momsaxureba da operirebisa da
eqspluataciis gegmebis SedgeneSi Temebis daxmareba.
2.1.3. mizani #3: gaumjobesebuli qveynis Sida
SesaZleblobebi soflis energetikaSi da alternatiuli
energetikis moxmareba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoT aRwerili Carevebi moicavs efeqturobis
gaumjobesebas, isini ZiriTadad mimarTulia maragis gazrdaze. energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa imuSavebs, raTa warmoadginos da win waswios
ufro efeqturi teqnologiebis gamoyeneba, mag. energo efeqturi Rumelebi
da mzis energiaze momuSave mowyobilobebi, ganaviTarebs sawvavi SeSis
warmoebisa da marTvis SedarebiT efeqtur programas, da gaaZlierebs
lokalur simZlavreebs energetikis ganviTareba soflad, ganaxlebad
energiis da energoefeqturobis proeqtebSi. proeqtis am komponentisTvis
gamoiyofa mcire granti (xarjis ganawilebis moTxovniT), raTa moxdes
energoefeqturi teqnologiebis danergva iseT dawesebulebebSi, rogoricaa
skolebi, klinikebi, kulturuli Senobebi da aseve ganaxlebadi energiis
teqnologiebis miReba. soflebi da adgilobrivi xelmZRvaneloba am
RonisZiebebis dagegmvaSi iqnebian xelisSemwyobi, amaSi Sedis
dawesebulebebis SerCeva saCveneblad. es programa gauwevs daxmarebas
Sesabamisi teqnologiebis SerCevis, xarjebis da mogebis kalkulaciis
sakiTxebSi.
garda amisa, qveynis Sida simZlavreebis gasaZliereblad soflis
energetikaSi, ganaxlebadi energetikaSi da energoefeqturobaSi energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programa Seqmnis saqarTveloSi arsebul erTeuls (mag.
ganaxlebadi energiis proeqtis mxardaWeris ofisi – REPSO), romlis
ZiriTadi amocana iqneba damoukidebeli erTeulis saxiT muSaoba da
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saqarTveloSi ganaxlebadi energiis da energoefeqturobis proeqtebis
xelSewyoba (rogorc teqnikuri, ise finansebTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebis
uzrunvelyofiT) da mdgradobis SenarCuneba mewileebis meSveobiT,
rogoricaa saqarTvelos mTavroba, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, soflis
sawarmoebi da a.S. REPSO gazrdis energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis stabilurobas.
2.1.4. mizani #4: adgilobrivi energo resursebis bazis
gamoyenebis da dacvis SesaZleblobebis gaumjobeseba.
TiToeuli sofeli, romelic monawileobas iRebs ganaxlebadi energiisa da
energoefeqturobis momsaxurebis ganviTarebaSi, miiRebs teqnikur daxmarebas,
resursebis integrirebuli marTvis energo resursebis warmoebasTan
dakavSirebuli gegmis SemuSavebisa da aseve sawvavi xis resursebis
konserveciisa da dacvisTvis. mdgradobis SesanarCuneblad, soflebma unda
SeimuSavon energiis warmoqmnasTan dakavSirebuli resursebis (mdinareebi,
arxebi, sasoflo-sameurneo narCenebi da tye) marTvis gegma. garemosdacviTi
principebis gasamagreblad, Catardeba soflis informirebisa da ganaTlebis
programebi, romlebic koncentrirebulia sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: garemoze
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi, resursebis konservacia
tyeebis aRdgeniT, niadagis SenarCunebiT da wyalgamyofis dacviT. energiis
warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli tyis resursebis marTvaSi SezRuduli daxmarebis
garda, proeqti ar iTvaliswinebs resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmidan
gamomdinare nebismieri saqmianobis ganxorcielebis dafinansebas.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa aqtiurad Seuwyobs xels misiis
miznebs Seqmnas mdgradi, stabiluri energo sistema gazrdili
mravalferovnobi, ganaxlebadi energiis maragis da energo seqtorSi
efeqturobis gazrdis gamo. (strategiuli amocana 1.51 “metad stabiluri
energo sistemis Seqmna”). radgan SedarebiT dabali fasis energiis
xelmisawvdomoba warmoadgens ekonomikuri zrdis kritikul elements,
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programa Seavsebs da xels seuwyobs misiis
sxva amocanebs, rogoricaa ZiriTadi samsaxurebisa da samuSao adgilebis da
Semosavlebis aRdgena.
im Sedegebis realizacia, rac gaTvaliswinebulia am strategiuli
amocanebiT, Seicavs miRwevebs ori Sualeduri Sedegis mimarTulebiT:
- sando energo maragis gazrda (I.R.I. 51.2)
- energo seqtorSi efeqturobis gazrda (I.R.I. 51.3)
Tumca programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba tardeba ZiriTadad debuleba
216-Tan SesabamisobisTvis, skouping jgufs surs gaimeoros gancxadeba, rom
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba miesadageba USAID/ kavkasia/
saqarTvelo-s mier miRebul saqmianobaze dafuZnebul kriteriums, rom
upirveles RonisZiebas warmoadgens programisa da energetikis dagSi misi
saqmianobis mxardaWera. Sesabamisad, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba
unda iqnas SemuSavebuli farTo TvalTaxedviT da unda iyos mimarTuli
Sedegebze da ara dagegmili samuSaoebis urbalod Sesrulebaze. soflad
energomwarmoebeli nagebobebis reabilitaciis raodenobrivi zoma,
romelmac Seadgina 40 nagebobaze meti saqarTvelos masStabiT, ris miRwevac
SesaZlebeli gaxda mdgradobis gegmis meSveobiT, warmoadgens SO-s donis
maCvenbeli da mizans aRwevs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu el energiis ind
momwodeblebis srulyofili marTvis sruli pirobebia (instituciuri
SesaZleblobebi, gazrdili produqtiuloba, sawarmos ganviTareba da
politikuri garemo – oTxi ZiriTadi are Sualeduri Sedegebis misaRwevad)
aseve miRweulia. aqedan gamomdinare, sanam programuli garemosdacviTi
233
Sefaseba daniSnulia imis saCveneblad, rom mtkice sainJinro proeqti da el
energiis ind momwodeblebis marTva aacilebs uaryofiT zemoqmedebas
garemoze, ganxorcielebis sawyisi piroba dakavSirebulia SO-s oTxive
Sualeduri SedegTan da iqneba TviT-damajerebeli.
2.15. programis miznebi da mosalodneli Sedegebi.
zemoT mokled aRwerili RonisZiebebi savaraudod gamoiRebs garkveul
mniSvnelovan Sedegebs am programidan. es Sedegebi, da maTTan
dakavSirebuli amocanebi mocemulia Semdeg cxrilSi.
amoc an a
1 gaz rdi l i en ergomomarageb a
2
adgi l ob ri vi en ergow armoeb i s marT vi s
gaumj ob eseb a
3 qveyn i s Si gn i T da sofl i s
en erget i ki s da al t ern at i ul i
en ergi i s gamoyen eb i s gaumj ob eseb a
4 adgi l ob ri vi en ergoresurseb i s
gamoyen eb i s da dac vi s S esaZ l eb l ob i s
gaumj ob eseb a
Sedegebi
- kredi ti s meqan i zmi
- dafi n an seba
- teqn i kuri proeqtebi (40)
- operi rebi s/eqspl uataci i s gegmebi (40)
- en ergeti kul i mproeqtebi Seqmn i l i (40)
-el en ergi i s i n d momw sw avl eba
teqn i kur/fi n an sur men ejmen tSi .
- operi rebi s/eqspl uataci i s gegmebi (40)
- gan xl ebadi en ergi i s proeqtebi s
gan xorci el eba (70+ )
- en ergoefeqturobi s proeqtebi s
gan xorci el eba (130+ )
- saT emo SesaZl ebl obebi s gaZl i ereba
(40+ )
- GE P S O Camoyal i beba
res i n tegr marT vi s gegmebi (40 wyal sac)
- xe-tyis sawvavad gamo yenebis, tyis
aR d genis d a wyal gamyo f is aR d genis
gr antebi (40 )
gaumjobesebul i Zi ri T adi mon acemebi :
w yal gamyofebi /tyeebi
S esaZl ebl o bebis gaZl ier eba (Tb sax un-ti
d a s aTemo kavS ir ebi/ar asamT o r ganizaciebi)
cxrili 1: programis miznebisa da mosalodneli nayofierebis Sejameba
2.2. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis damokidebuleba
saqarTvelos samTavrobo programebTan
sxvadasxva saministroebi, sawvavisa da energetikis saministros (MOFE),
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis marTvis saministros (MOEPNRM)
da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros (MOED) CaTvliT muSaoben, raTa
gaaumjobeson is garemo pirobebi, sadac mimdinareobs soflad energetikis
ganviTarebis RonisZiebebi da gaumjobedes garemosdacviTi marTva
saqarTveloSi. sawvavisa da energetikis saministro amJamad muSaobs
maregulirebeli garemos liberalizaciaze da funqcionirebs soflis
energo mwarmoebeli negebobebi (gansakuTrebiT patara
hidroeleqtrosadguri 10mvt). garda amisa, rogorc bunebrivi resursebis
marTvis saministro, ise ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro, muSaoben
biznesis klimatis Secvlaze da soflad ukve funqcionirebs el.energiis
mwarmoebeli kompaniebi. da bolos sawvavisa da energetikis da ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis saministroebma gadadges nabiji energo-resursebTan
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dakavSirebuli aqtivebis privatizebisTvis, romelSic Sedis mcire zomis
hidroeleqtrosadgurebi.
2.3. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTrebi
sagento/kavkasia/saqarTvelos mier dafinansebuli soflad
energetikis ganviTarebis RonisZiebebis mokle mimoxilva
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba, romlisTvisac momzadda skopingis es
ganacxadi, Seexeba yvela samomavlo RonisZiebas, romelic dakavSirebulia
soflad energetikuli nagebobebis mSeneblobasTan, ganaxlebadi energiisa
da energoefeqturobis mciremasStabiani piloturi proeqtebis
ganxorcielebasTan da bunebrivi resursebis marTvis gegmebis
SesrulebasTan, rac xorcieldeba USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s mier
dafinansebuli saqarTveloSi energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
(aRwerilia zemoT) egidiT. ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens im RonisZiebebis
ganaxleba da gaumjobeseba, romelic adre ganxorcielda
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s proeqtebiT, da romelic Sedioda samuSao
davaleba 15, samuSao davaleba 280 da GESI proeqtebSi.
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s mier ganxorcielebuli wina samuSaoebis
umravlesoba mimarTuli iyo mciremasStabiani pi;oturi proeqtebis
ganxorcielebisaken, romlebisTvisac gamoiyo grantebi da aseve am dargSi
momuSave saqarTvelos garkveuli adamianebisa da organizaciebisaTvis
swavlebebisa da SesaZleblobebis Camoyalibebis uzrunvelyofisken. samuSao
davaleba 15, xorcieldeboda 1989 dan 2001 wlebSi, da uzrunvelyo
energoefeqturobis swavleba da teqnikuri daxmareba teqnikuri
specialistebisTvis da daafinansa 44 mciremasStabiani energoefeqturobis
proeqti (amaSi Sedis mSenebloba klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
sawvavis gadarTva da efeqturi ganaTeba). samuSao davaleba 820, romelic
ganxorcielda 2002 – 2003 ww ganagrZo es samuSaoebi da ganavrco
ganaxlebadi energiis seqtorSi. dafinansda ganaxlebadi energiis eqvsi
piloturi proeqti (romelSic Sedis mikro hidrologiuri, biogazis
sistematizatori da mzis energiiT wylis gacxeleba) da
energoefeqturobis 22 proeqti. GESI programa (2003 wlidan dRemde) mxars
uWers SedarebiT didi proeqtebis ganxorcielebas, rasac axlavs
potenciuri zemoqmedeba Temis masStabiT. proeqtebSi Sedis 15 km-iani da 25
km-iani airis milsadenis gavrcelebis proeqtebi da 120 kvt.iani mcire zomis
hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis proeqtebi. yoveli proeqtisaTvis
momzadda garemos Semowmebis dokumenti da semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa
da monitoringis gegma.
3. gasaanalizebeli sakiTxebis gansazRvra: masStabi
da mniSvneloba.
3.1 sakiTxis dadgenis meTodologia.
22CFR-$216.6 (d)-is Tanaxmad programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba Seesabameba
garkveul pirobebs. es pirobebi gansazRvravs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac
saWiroa garemoze kumulaciuri zemoqmedebebis gaTvaliswineba, an rodesac
arsebobs garemoze is zemoqmedebebi, rac saerToa
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s RonisZiebaTa tipisTvis. an rodesac
RonisZiebebi scildeba erovnul sazRvrebs. energetikis ganviTareba soflad
programis SemTxvevaSi, zemoT mocemuli ori piroba gaxda programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis ganxorcielebis gadawyvetis piroba. kerZod,
mosalodnelia rom mocemuli programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba SeZlebs
jerovani garemosdacviTi pirobebis gamartivebas programiT
235
gaTvaliswinebuli mravalricxovani RoniZiebebisaTvis, es mosazreba
pasuxobs 22CFR$216.6-Si, mocemul regionalur ganmartebas, romelic
miuTiTebs imaze, rom „Semdgomi garemosdacviTi Sefasebebi an ZiriTad
individualur qmedebebze saWiro iqneba mxolod . . . Tu msgavsi zemoqmedeba
ar iyo adeqvaturad Sefasebuli programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi”.
garda amisa programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseb am programisTvis xels
Seuwyobs „am procedurebisTvis saWiro saqaRaldo muSaobisa Tu drois
Semcirebas“ amavdroulad adeqvaturi procederuli nabijebis da
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis uzrunvelyofiT. daexmareba “qaRaldze
muSaobis moculobisa da im drois.
Sesabamisad es programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba Seasrulebs Sesabamis
garemosdacviTi saxelmZRvanelosa an wyaros rols energetikis ganviTareba
soflad programis yvela proeqtisTvis, zemoqmedebis daxasiaTebisa da
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis zomebis uzrunvelyofiT
sxvadasxva saxis proeqtebisTvis. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
jgufi gamoiyenebs Semdeg meTodologias: 1) im Zveli da axali
obieqtebisTvis garemosdcviTi ZiriTadi sakiTxebis dadgena, romelic
moiTxovs reabilitacias. 2) im sakiTxebis dadgena, romelic dakavSirebulia
mSeneblobasa da operirebasTan da romelic iwvevs potenciurad
mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas garemoze. 3) Sesabamisi Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmebis ganxorcieleba potenciurad
mniSvnlovani zemoqmedebisTvis. 4) momavalSi programuli garemosdacviTi
SefasebiT dadgenili Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis
moTxovnebis procedurebis gamoyeneba gansazRvruli obieqtebisTvis
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoingis gegmebis srulyofisaTvis. da
5) mokle protokolisa da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis
gegmebis realuri magaliTebis SemuSaveba.
dasawyisisaTvis programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma SearCia da
Seiswavla 10 saeqsperimento adgili im 40 adgils Soris, sadac unda
ganxorcieldes energetikis ganviTareba soflad programasTan
dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi. am saeqsperimento adgilebs axasiaTebs TiTqmis
igive pirobebi, romelic SeiZleba Segvxvdes mTlianad aRebul 40 adgilze.
imisaTvis, rom darwmunebulni viyoT, rom es saeqsperimento adgilebi
Seesabameba im potenciur garemosdacviT problemebs, rac SeiZleba
warmoiqmnas, SeimuSaves atributebis cxrili, sadac mxedvelobaSia miRebuli
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs,
romlebic dakavSirebulia potenciur garemosdacviT da socioekonomikur
zemoqmedebasTan. atributebis zogierTi magaliTi moicavs mosaxleobis
sidides, romelisac unda gaewios momsaxureba, wylis dinebis sidides,
obieqtTan mimdebare miwis nakveTis gamoyenebas, mgrZnobiare garemo da
kulturul resursebTan siaxloves, sawarmos energosimZlavres, wylis
odenobas da wylis mimarTulebis SecvlasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs
(hidroeleqtrosadguris arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) da proeqtis Sesabamisi
samSeneblo samuSaoebis sidides. programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi
CarTuli iqneba an ramdenime ruka, da/an saqarTvelos respublikis
Tanamgzavrul gamosaxulebas, romelzec naCvenebia programiT SerCeuli
adgilebis mdebareoba (isinic, romelic Sesulia programul garemosdacviT
Sefaseba nimuSis saxiT da aseve am programisaTvis SemoTavazebuli sxva
adgilebi, romelic ukve dadgenilia).
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi ewvea 10-ve obieqts, obieqtis
garemosdacviTi skriningis sqemaze dafuZnebuli Sefasebis
gansaxorcieleblad, rac specialurad am investiciebisaTvis iqna
SeuSavebuli. es skriningi ganixilavs SemoTavazebuli saproeqto aqmianobis
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yvela aspeqts, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios garemoze zemoqmedeba. am analizis
saSualebiT moxdeba im Sesabamisi adgilis daxasiaTeba, sabazo
informaciisa da garemoze potenciuri zemoqmedebis dadgena da
dokumentireba, romelic gamowveuli iqneba TiToeuli proeqtiT. oboeqtis
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizis testireba da daxvewa moxda
specialistTa mravaldargobrivi jgufis mier skopingis dros da
warmodgenilia danarTSi a.
adgilis daTvaliserebis Sedegad dagrovili informaciis safuZvelze
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi ganazRvravs im obieqtebis
kategorias, romlebic msgavsia zomisa da zemoqmedebis sididis mixedviT.
SesaZlo kategoriebis magaliTebi:
•
adgilebi, sadac SeiZleba adgili hqondes mcire, an saerTod ar
hqondes adgili zemoqmedeba.
•
adgilebi, sadac SeiZleba adgili hqondes mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas
da romelTaTvisac gansazRvrulia Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da
monitoringi.
•
adgilebi, sadac SeiZleba adgili hqondes mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas
da romleibc moiTxovs damatebiT garemosdacviT Sefasebas.
•
adgilebi, romlebic gansxvavdebian sididis mixedviT (saSualo da
didi hidroenergetikuli proeqtebi) da ganicdian did zemoqmedebas
da, aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroeben axal garemosdacviT Sefasebas, ar
arian Setanili programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi.
es kategoriebi dafuZnebuli iqneba savele vizitebisas gansazRvrul
adgilisTvis damaxasiaTebel atributebze da maxasiaTeblebze da wina
proeqtebisaTvis SemuSavebul Semarbilebel RonisZiebebsa da monitoringze.
am kategoriebis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebi gansxvavebuli iqneba 4 klasis
investiciebisTvis, (mciremasStabiani hidroenergosadgurebi, bunebrivi airis
ganawilebis sistema, ganaxlebadi energiis/energo efeqturobis proeqtebi da
bunebrivi resursebis marTvis grantebi), radgan am investiciebs gaaCniaT
gansxvavebuli zemoqmedeba.
da bolos, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi moamzadebs
Sesabamis cxrils, romelic Seasrulebs ZiriTadi sacnobaro wyaros
daniSnulebas energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis samomavlo
proeqtebisTvis. uzrunvelyofili iqneba: 1) im potenciuri mniSvnelovani
garemo da soc. ekonomikuri zemoqmedebebis aRricxva, rac SeiZleba
warmoiqmnas darCenil adgilebze da 2) Sesabamis Semarbilebel RonisZiebes,
rogor Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmis nawils.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis momavali proeqtebis
Sefasebisas, arsebuli modeli daexmareba programas gansazRvros
proeqtisTvis damatebiTi kvlevis da damatebiTi garemosdaciTi Sefasebis
Catarebis saWiroeba. es modeli ZalaSi iqneba momavalSic adgilebis
daTvalierebisas, raTa gansazRvros proeqtebis SesaZlo variaciebi
proeqtebs Soris, rac saWiroebs Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da
monitoringis gegmis ganaxlebas.
imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebisas
dadgenili Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis moTxovnebi
sworad iqneba gamoyenebuli energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
yvela samomavlod gaTvaliswinebuli proeqtebisaTvis, Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebisa da monitoringis gegmaSi Seva adgilobrivi Statis
swavlebebis muxlic. treningi uzrunvelyofs garemosdacviTi skrininguli
analizis gamoyenebis swavlebas (danarTi a), garemosdacviTi da
237
socioekonomikuri zemoqmedebis Sesabamisi modelis gamoyenebis swavlebas,
romelic moxsenebulia zemoT da danarTis saxiTaa Sesuli programul
garemosdacviT SefasebaSi da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebsa da monitoringis
gegmis moTxovnebis gamoyenebasa da damtkicebaze miTiTebes. trenigSi
CarTuli iqneba savele jgufis xelmZRvanelis da programis samomavlo
proeqtebis mimoxilvaze pasuxismgebeli adgilobrivi garemosdacviTi
socioekonomikuri da sainJinro personalis da maTi pasuxismgeblobebis
dadgena.
3.2. programul garemosdacviT SefasebaSi gasasazRvri
sakiTxebi: masStabi da mniSvneloba
skopingis jgufis mier Catarebuli skopingis procesi warmoadgens
momzadebas programuli garemosdacviTi SefasebisTvis programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi Sedgeba wevrebisgan, romlebic muSaoben
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis ZiriTadi sferoebis Sesabamis
disciplinebSi. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis RonisZiebebi
gansazRvravs im sakiTxebs, romlebic dgindeba skopingis dros, magram
Seiswavlis maT ufro Rrmad Sesabamisi literaturis gamoyenebiT,
aqcionerebisagan intervius aRebiT da saeqspluatacio pirobebis
mravalricxovani SefasebiT. garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebisas centraluri
adgili ukavia mniSvnelovani kriteriumebis gansazRvras. im sakiTxebis
gaerTianebis procesis saSualebiT, rac dadgenil iqna skopingis dros
Sesabamisi literaturis ganxilvis, maregulirebeli ganxilvis, interviuebis
da savele Sefasebis safuZvelze miRebuli informaciiT programuli
garemosdacviTi SefasebisTvis gundSi teqnikuri dargis specialistebi
gansazRvraven “mniSvnelovnobis” kriteriumebs yvela teqnikuri
disciplinebisTvis (geologia, socioekonomika, biologia da a.S.)
“mniSvnelovnebis“ es kriteriumebi gamoyenebuli iqneba potenciuri
zemoqmedebis Sesafaseblad, raTa gansazRvros, romeli zemoqmedeba SeiZleba
CaiTvalos “mniSvnelovnad” da aqedan gamomdinare saWiroebs Tu ara
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmaSi mis saboloo Setanas.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi Sefasebisas gansazRvravs da
aanalizebs mniSvnelovan garemo da soc. ekonomikur sakiTxebs da
yuradRebas aqcevs proeqtis zegavlenis areSi pirdapiri da arapirdapiri
zemoqmedebis arsebobas. unda aRiniSnos, rom ganxiluli iqneba proeqtis
yvela faza: nagebobebis da gamanawilebeli sistemebis sainJinro
daproeqtebasa da mSenebloba/reabilitaciidan da
operireba/eqcpluataciamde.
Semdeg qveTavebSi mocemulia mosalodneli garemo da soc. ekonomikuri
zemoqmedebebis aRwera, rac gamowveulia im RonisZiebebiT, romelic
dakavSirebulia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis
xelmZRvanelobiT dagegmili oTxi tipis investiciasTan.
3.2.1 mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi
sainJinro proeqtsa da mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi: proeqtis
gavlenis areSi samSeneblo da/an sareabilitacio RonisZiebebma SeiZleba
gamoiwvios ramdenime droebiTi zemoqmedeba garemoze, garda amisa
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
miaqcevs nebismier potenciur krebiT zemoqmedebas, romelic ganpirobebulia
proeqtis adgilis SerCeviT, radgan araswori samSeneblo adgilis SerCevam
SeiZleba gamoiwvios mniSvnelovani saSiSi zemoqmedeba. adgilis SerCeva
SesaZlebelia proeqtis alternatiuli mdebareobis ganxilviT,
proeqtisaTvis alternatiuli variantebis Sefasebis da SerCevis gziT.
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sareabilitacio adgilebisaTvis, energetikis ganviTareba soflad proeqti
ganixilavs teqnikas, biomravalferovnebasa da soc. ekonomikur informacias,
raTa gansazRvros aqvs Tu ara mocemul adgils mniSvnelovani defeqti. am
adgilisaTvis, mniSvnelovani garemo da socialuri zegavlenebis dros
mosalodnelia saWiro Semarbilebeli da monitoringis RonisZiebebis
gatareba, es RonisZiebebi unda gaataros programam Sesabamis adgilebze.
axali nagebobebisTvis, energetikis ganviTareba soflad programam unda
Sefasos adgilis SerCevis iseTi kriteriumi, romelic emyareba teqnikis,
hidrologiis, biomravalferovnebis da soc. ekonomikis faqtorebs,
rogoricaa macxovreblebis aRqmis unari, garemoze zegavlenis sidide,
xarji, arsebuli miwis gamoyeneba, memkvidreobiTi sakuTreba da teqnikuri
SesaZleblobebi.
am adgilebisaTvis savaraudod saWiro gaxdeba damatebiTi garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis ganxorcieleba.
garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi: aseve mosalodnelia, rom sareabilitacio da
axali samSeneblo samuSaoebisaTvis aucilebeli gaxdes garemos Sefasebis
sruli analizis Catareba. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori am
mniSvnelovani garemo zemoqmedebis gansazRvrebaSi, romelic gamowveulia
mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebiT, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: saWiroa
Tu ara wyalsacavis an rezervuaris aSeneba an reabilitacia. wyalsacavebi
da rezervuarebi iwveven teritoriis datborvas wyalsacavis zonaSi,
kaSxlis zemoT da cvlian wylis dinebas da dones kaSxlis zemoT da
qvemoT. rezervuarebis arseboba mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebSi
Zalian uCveuloa, mixedavad amisa unda arsebobdes sqema, romlis mixedviTac
unda inaxebodes wylis mxolod is raodenoba, romelic sakmarisi iqneba
turbinebis asamuSaveblad eleqtro energiis mwvave deficitis SemTxvevaSi.
nebismieri wyalsacavis arsebobam, SesaZloa moiTxovos garemosdacviTi
Sefaseba.
mcire hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebis mniSvnelovani nawili
warmoadgens saderivacio hes-ebs, sadac zdeba wylis gadayvana dinebidan da
mimarTva hidroeleqtrosadgurze, energiis gamosamuSaveblad. programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi moamzadebs proeqtis atributebis cxrils
romelic gansazRvravs, Tu romel proeqts eqneba wyalsacavi da romeli
iqneba saderivacio tipis sadguri, aseve dagegmavs savele vizitebs da
kvlevas/ monacemebis Segrovebas.
socioekonomikuri sakiTxebi: Temis CarTva proeqtSi warmoadgens proeqtis
sainJinro proeqtis, misi danergvis da monitoringis mniSvnelovan nawils.
axlomdebare Temebs SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon iseTi informacia, romelic
kritikulia warmatebuli daproeqtebisTvis da daexmareba garemoze
zemoqmedebis minimumamde dayvanas sistemis swori gamoyenebisa da
eqspluataciis meSveobiT. garda amisa, Tu Temebs miecemaT saSualeba
CarTulni iyvnen proeqtis yvela aspeqtSi, savaraudoa, rom SeiZleba Seiqmnas
saarCevno olqi dasaxlebis SigniT, romelic ganixilavs garemos dacvis
sakiTxebs. krebebi mowveuli iqneba yvela im dasaxlebaSi, romelsac
emuqreba potenciuri mavne zmoqmedeba programiT gaTvaliswinebuli
proeqtebis mxridan. es krebebi Catardeba, raTa moxdes proeqtebis wardgena,
energiis ganawilebis kriteriumebis ganxilva da Temis interesebis
gaTvaliswineba. aqedan gamomdinare SesaZlebeli iqneba mravali sakiTxis
gadaWra da maTi proeqtebSi danergva.
imis gamo, rom SemoTavazebuli individualuri proeqtebi mcirea,
axlomdebare dasaxlebaze mosalodnelia cota mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba.
SeiZleba moxdes moSorebuli soflebidan muSebis didi raodenobiT
239
dasaqmeba, magram es procesi ar iqneba xangrZlivi. mciremasStabian
hidroeleqtro proeqtebs Cveulebriv sasargeblo socialuri zemoqmedebac
eqnebaT, radgan moxdeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis droebiTi dasaqmeba da
ukve dasrulebuli proeqti gazrdis cxovrebis xarisxs, rogorc es
Cveulebriv eleqtrifikaciis sqemas mosdevs. es proeqtebi ar aiZulebs
adamianebs sacxovrebeli adgilebis Secvlas da ar gaanadgurebs meurneobas.
aseTi zemoqmedeba ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia didi
eleqtrosadgurebisaTvis. wylis uflebebTan da gamocalkevebasTan
dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi iqneba gansazRvruli iq, sadac amis
SesaZlebloba iqneba.
skopingis Sedegebi: qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi naCvenebia pirdapiri da
arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis magaliTebs, romlebic dadginda garemosdacviTi
skrininguli analizisTvis daniSnul obieqtebze savele vizitebis dros.
cxrili 2:
savele vizitebisas gansazRvruli potenciuri zemoqmedebis
magaliTebi
saqmianoba an
saboloo Sedegi
samSeneblo
samuSaoebi
narCenebis
warmoqmna
zemoqmedeba
potenciuri garemosdacviTi da usafrTxoebasTan
dakavSirebuli saSiSroeba (↓↓↓)
namtvrevebisa da samSeneblo narCenebis gatana (↓↓)
sanitaruli nagebobebi samSeneblo obieqtze mSeneblobis
periodSi (↓)
daSlamianeba niadagis moZraobis gamo samSeneblo
wylis resursebi samuSaoebis dros (↓)
wylis Semcireba axali wylis wyalmimRebis qvemoT (↓↓↓)
wylis xarisxze SeiZleba iqonios mavne gavlena –
amRvreuloba (↓↓↓)
wyaldidoba guburis mSeneblobisas / reabilitaciis gamo
(↓↓)
mdinaris napirebis da kalapotis potenciuri Carecxvis
gazrda qveda dinebasa da SesarTavSi (↓↓)
gruntis wylis infiltracia / dabinZureba narCenebis
gatanis zonebidan (↓)
narCenebis gatana (↓)
dabinZureba navTobisa da sazeTi masalebis gatanis gamo (↓)
biologiuri
resursebi
uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba faunasa da floraze samSeneblo
samuSaobis ganxorcielebisas (↓)
wylis xarisxis standartebTan Seusabamoba (↓)
zegavlena iSviaT an dacul saxeobebze (↓↓↓)
moicavs Tevzis gasasvlelebs momTabare saxeobebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi teqnoligiebis saTanadooba raTa minimumamde iqnas
dayvanili Tevzis sikvdilianoba da dazianeba (↓↓)
240
wylis an mdinaris binadrebis saWiroebebze zegavlena (↓↓)
haeris xarisxi
geologia da
niadagebi
mtvris warmoqmna samSeneblo aRWurvilobiT (mcire ↓)
gamonabolqvi Zveli sawvavis wvisgan samSeneblo
aRWurvilobis mier (saSualo ↓)
samanqano mimosvliT gamowveuli gamonabolqvis gazrda
mSeneblobisas (mcire ↓)
gavlena miwis gamoyenebaze da lanSaftze datborvisagan,
romelic gamowveulia reabitirebuli mcire guburebiT (↓)
gzebis gafuWeba SesaZlo gadatvirTuli sagzao moZraobis
socio-ekonomika Sedegad (↓)
dabali regionaluri ekonomikuri ganviTareba brundeba da
proeqtis privilegiebis arasakmarisi gadanawileba im
sazogadoebisaTvis romelzec man iqonia gavlena (↓↓)
dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi samSeneblo, operirebis da
eqspluataciis samuSaoebze (↑)
samsaxuris dakargva mSeneblobis Semdeg unar-Cvevebis ar
mqone adgilobrivi muSaxelisTvis(↓)
saarsebo saSualebis gaumjobeseba, maT Soris sacxovrebeli
standartebis gaumjobeseba im xalxisaTvis romelzec mSeneblobam
zegavlena iqonia (↑↑)
sazogadoebis erTianobisa da SeTanxmebulobis ganviTareba
(↑)
adgilobrivi miwis gamoyenebaSi cvlileba axali
ekonomikuri aqtivobis safuZvelze moziduli ufro sando an
naklebad Zviri eleqtroenergiis mier (↓) (arapirdapiri)
vizualuri diskomforti mSeneblobis / sareabilitacio
miwis gamoyeneba samuSaoebis gamo (↓)
namsxvrevebis da warmoqmnili narCenebis gatana (↓)
grZelvadiani ganviTarebis sargeblis da Rirebulebis
miukerZoebeli gadanawilebis ganxorcielebis Catarebis siZnele
mosaxleobasa da programis beneficiarebs Soris (↓↓)
kulturuli
saogadoebrivi
jandacva
simSvidis da wesrigis problemebi garedan Semosuli
muSebis gamo (↓)
arqeologiuri / antropologiuri ralikviebisa da
istoriuli adgilebis dangreva/moSla (mxolod axali
mSeneblobebi) (↓↓↓)
jamrTelobis da sanitaruli problemebi muSaxelis
araadeqvaturi sabinao da sanitaruli nagebobebis gamo(↓)
sqesobrivi gziT gadamcemi daavadebebis zrda
(↓) (arapirdapiri)
wylisgan warmoqmnili daavadebebi hidrologiuri sistemebis
modifikaciis gamo (↓)
241
gazrdili moTxovnebi regionuli da adgilobrivi
institutebis mimarT sazogadoebrivi jandacvis
gansaxorcieleblad (↓) (arapirdapiri)
xmauri da
vibracia
xmauris warmoqmna samSeneblo saqmianobisas (mcire ↓)
gacveTili damcavi kedlis dangreva (↓)
axsna:
↓↓↓ mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba
↓↓ saSualo zemoqmedeba
↓
mcire zemoqmedeba
(arapirdapiri) arapirdapiri zemoqmedeba
↑↑ saSualo sasikeTo zemoqmedeba
↑ mcire sasikeTo zemoqmedeba
3.2.2. bunebrivi airis ganawilebis sistemebi
sainJinro proeqtsa da mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi: proeqtis
gavlenis areSi bunebrivi airis gamanawilebeli sistemebis gavrcelebas
da/an sareabilitacio RonisZiebebs SeiZleba hqondeT ramdenime zemoqmedeba
garemoze. garda amisa, programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufma unda
miaqcios gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamocalkevebis da usafrTxoebis
sakiTxebs, romlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios mniSvnelovani mavne zegavlena
garemosa da usafrTxoebaze.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad gamocalkevebis nebarTvis miReba
SeiZleba generaluri samSeneblo nebarTvis miRebis gziT, romelsac iZleva
adgilobrivi sammarTvelo. uamravi energetikis gaviTareba soflad
programis el energiis individualuri momwodeblebis proeqtebis
ganxorcielebisTvis samSeneblo nebarTvis miRebamde aucilebelia teqnikuri
proeqtis wardgena. teqnikuri proeqti unda iyos SemuSavebuli
sertificirebuli teqnikuri saproeqto firmis mier da unda Seicavdes
detalur aRniSvnebs Tu sad unda ganxorcieldes samSeneblo samuSaoebi da
(kaSxali, sairigacio arxebi, bunebrivi airis. milsadenebi, gazebi,
saavtomobilo gzebi) da maTi garemosTan Sesabamisoba. teqnikuri proeqti
unda ganixilos da daamtkicos saxelmwifo teqnikuri eqspertizis
departamentma an uflebamosilma kerZo firmam da mxolod amis mere
gakeTdes ganacxadi generaluri samSeneblo nebarTvis Sesaxeb.
damtkicebuli teqnikuri proeqtebi unda iqnas wardgenili Sesabamis
saxelmwifo organoebSi nebarTvis ganacxaddTan erTad. proeqti miiRebs
gamocalkevebis nebarTvas saxelmwifo miwaze (samuSaos Casatareblad)
mxolod generaluri saamSeneblo nebarTvis miRebis Semdeg. SeTanxmeba
gamocalkevebis Sesaxeb individualuri piris sakuTrebaze unda iqnas
miRweuli molaparakebis gziT TviT am pirovnebasTan saproeqto fazis
dros.
242
municipalitetis warmomadgenlebi Seamowmeben adgils samSneblo
samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg. vTqvaT samSeneblo samuSaoebis dasrulebis
Semdeg damtkicebul dizainSi masalebisa da SemoTavazebuli marSrutis
gamoyenebiT da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad sertificirebuli
muSebic iqna ayvanili, am SemTxvevaSi municipaliteti gascems proeqtis
miRebis dokuments (misaRebi proqti). damtkicebuli teqnikuri proeqti,
samSeneblo samuSaoebis Catarebis ZiriTadi nebarTva, gamocalkevebis
xelSekruleba kerZo mesakuTresTan da proeqtis miRebis dokumenti unda
iyos momzadebuli roca iwyeba gamocalkevebis dokumentis moTxobna.
garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi: erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori garemoze
zemoqmedebis donis gansazRvrisaTvis, romelic gamowveulia bunebrivi
airis ganawilebis sistemebiT, aris maTi mdgomareoba miwis zemoT da
qvemoT. miwisqveSa gamanawilebeli sistemebi saWiroebs met aRWurvilobas da
sistemis irgvliv didi samuSaoebis Catarebas.
Tu sistemebma unda gaiaron Waobian da garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT
mgrZnobiare zonaSi. piriqiT miwiszeda milsadenis gamanawilebeli
sistemebis datkepna saWiroebs amoTxriTi samuSaoebis Catarebas, romelic
xorcieldeba saremonto samuSaoebisas an sxva dargis muSebis mier
amoTxris saSualebiT. aqedan gamomdinare potenciuri garemo zemoqmedeba
mniSvnelovania. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi Seafasebs am
sakiTxs atributebis cxrilis Seqmnis saSualebiT, Tu romeli proeqtebi
ganxorcieldeba miwis zemoT an qvemoT da Sesabamisad dagegmavs adgilis
daTvalierebas da kvlevis/monacemTa segrovebis sakiTxebs.
aseve savaraudoa, rom sareabilitacio da gavrcelebuli samuSaos
Casatareblad saWiro iqneba srulyofili garemosdacviTi skrininguli
analizis Catareba. ar iqneba saWiro calke damatebiTi garemosdacviTi
Sefasebebis Catareba sistemaze, Tu ki is ar gaivlis Waobebs da
garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT mgrZnobiare zonaSi.
socioekonomikuri sakiTxebi: bunebrivi airis gamanawilebeli sistemis yvela
proeqti sargebels moutans garkveul dasaxlebebs saqarTveloSi. aseT
proeqtebs ZiriTadad eqnebaT sasargeblo soc. efeqtebi, romelic
gulisxmobs mosaxleobis droebiT adgilobriv dasaqmebas, xolo proeqtis
dasrulebis Semdeg gaizrdeba adamianebis cxovrebis xarisxi, SedarebiT
iafi da metad sando gasaTbob saSualebis uzrunvelyofiT zamTris
periodSi. energetikis ganviTareba soflad programam CarTo adgilobrivi
dasaxlebebi am proeqtis sawyis stadiaSi, raTa uzrunvelyos mosaxleobis
gageba da am proeqtisadmi dadebiTi ganwyoba, romelic xels Seuwyobs
garemoze zegavlenebis Semcirebas sistemebis sworad gamoyenebisa da
momsaxxurebis gziT. krebebis Catareba dasaxlebebSi, romelic bunebrivi
airis gamanawilebeli sistemisgan sargebels naxavs. es Sexvedrebi xels
Seuwyobs saproeqto informaciis mowodebas, mniSnvelovani sakiTxebis
ganxilvas, romlebic SeiZleba gadawydes saboloo proeqtis damtkicebamde
da proeqtis farglebSi samSeneblo samuSaoebis dawyebamde.
imis gamo, rom SemoTavazebuli individualuri proeqtebi mcirea,
axlomdebare dasaxlebaze mosalodnelia mxolod ramdenime mniSvnelovani
zemoqmedeba. SeiZleba moxdes moSorebuli soflebidan muSebis didi
raodenobiT dasaqmeba, magram es procesi ar iqneba xangrZlivi. ra Tqma unda,
programuli gaermosdacviTi Sefasebis jgufi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
miaqcevs janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs sistemis operirebis da
eqspluataciis periodSi, usafrTxoebis prtokolebi axali kavSirebisa da
SemTxvevebisaTvis unda warmoadgendnen sistemebis operirebis Sesaxeb
treningis nawils.
243
3.2.3. ganaxlebadi energiis da energoefeqturobis proeqtebi
mosalodnelia, rom ganaxlebadi energiis da energoefeqturobis
mciremasStabian proeqtebs, romlebic xorcieldeba soflis energetikis
ganviTarebis programis xelmZRvanelobiT mohyveba garemoze zemoqmedebebi,
romelTa Serbileba SesaZlebeli iqneba im Sesabamisi RonisZiebis CatarebiT,
romelic gansazRvrulia yoveli mosalodneli RonisZiebisaTvis cal-calke.
mag. bio sistematizatori saWiroebs yuradRebis miqcevas nakelis
gamoyenebisas, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli axlomdebare mdinaris totis
dabinZureba. skolis Senobis ganiavebas SeiZleba dasWirdes sxva
RonisZiebebis Catareba. gansazRvruli proeqtisaTvis Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis miReba unda ganisazRvros garemosdacviTi skriningis Sedegad,
romelic unda ganxorcieldes programis mier SemoTavazebuli yoveli
proeqtisTvis. iq, sadac tipiuri Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi ar aris
sakmarisi mocemuli qmedebebis negatiuri zemoqmedebis SerbilebisaTvis,
saWiroa Catardes garemoze ufro Rrma dakvirveba, raTa ganisazRvros
Semdegi nabiji. mag. saWiroa Tu ara axali Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da
monitoringis zomebis dadgena; unda ganxorcieldes Tu ara mTliani
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba. es procedura hgavs imas, romelsac axla iyenebs
CHF rogorc Tavis samSeneblo RonisZiebis nawils GEII farglebSi.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba sakiTxs ufro Rrmad Seiswavlis,
raTa SeimuSaos garemos jerovani Seswavlis procedura energetikis
ganviTareba soflad programisTvis da misces mas formaluri saxe.
3.2.4. bunebrivi resursebis marTvis grantebi.
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis bunebrivi resursebis marTvis
grantebidan momdinare saqmianoba – sawvavi tyis marTvis gaumjobeseba, tyis
gaSeneba da wyalgamyofis aRdgena – eqnebaT sasargeblo garemo zemoqmedeba.
Seusabamo proeqtisa da araswori ganxorcielebis Sedegad ar warmoiqmnas
araviTari uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba garemoze saWiroa am RonisZiebebisaTvis
SemuSavdes Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis protokoli.
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi SemuSavebuli iqneba saukeTeso praqtikis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic cnobilia PEA jgufisaTvis da arsebobs USAID
garemosdacviT miTiTebebSi, sadac aRwerilia Serbilebis RonisZiebebi im
saxis samuSaoebisaTvis, romelic xorcieldeba mocemuli garantiiT (51 gv)
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefaseba gadasinjavs am sakiTxebs swori
garemosdacviTi procesebis SesamuSaveblad energetikis ganviTerba soflad
programisTvis.
3.3. sakiTxebi, romelic ar aris mocemuli programul
garemosdacviT SefasebaSi.
$216 2 (C) 2 paragrafi nebas gvrTavs USAID-is garemosdacviTi Sesabamisi
procedurebis kategoriul gamoricxvas moxmarebdan im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mocemulia Semdegi RonisZiebani:
•
ganaTleba
•
teqnikuri daxmareba
•
saswavlo programebi
garda im SemTxvevisa, roca es RonisZiebebi gavlenas axdens garemoze.
qvemoT mocemulia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programis is elementebi,
romlebic warmoadgenen aseT gamonakliss, radgan isini warmoiqmnebian am
244
sami tipis RonisZiebebidan, maTSi Sedis programis Zalisxmeva, romelsac
mivyavarT Semdeg Sedegebamde:
•
kreditis meqanizmis Camoyalibeba;
•
teqnikuri proeqtebis SemuSaveba;
•
operirebis da eqspluataciis gegmebis momzadeba;
•
dawesebulebebis marTvis teqnikuri da finansuri marTvis swavlebebi.
•
operirebis da marTvis gegmebis momzadeba;
•
ganaxlebadi
energiis
waweviTTemebis gaZliereba;
•
mdgradi instituciuri meqanizmis danergva (GEPSO);
•
resursebis integrirebuli marTvis gegmis SemuSaveba;
•
tyeebSi da mdinaris totebze sabazo monacemebis gaumjobeseba;
•
resursebis inventarizaciis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti da
partniori saTemo kavSirebis/arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
dagegmarebis da menejmentis SesaZleblobebis gazrda.
/energoefeqturobis
seqtoris
win
garda amisa, qveTavi #216.3 (a)(4)(i)(b) gamoricxavs im sakiTxebis detalur
Seswavlas, romelic ar aris mniSvnelovani an ganxiluli iyo wina
garemosdacviT mimoxilvaSi an damtkicebul saproeqto mosazrebebSi. am
mizniT garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizis safuZvelze, romelic
ganxorcielda saeqsperimento adgilebze da atributebis cxrilSi
mocemul informaciaze Seqmnil modelebze, programuli garemosdaciTi
Sefasebis gundis mier dadginda, rom haeris xarisxisa da xmauris sakiTxebi,
rac dakavSirebulia energetikis ganviTareba soflad proeqtebis
mSeneblobasTan da operirebasTan, ar warmoadgenda mniSvnelovan sakiTxs,
ar moiTxovda detalur Seswavlas da aqedan gamomdinare ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli programul garemosdaciT SefasebaSi. es gansazRvrebebi
dafuZnebuli iyo im gamokvlevebze, rom haeris xarisxis gauareseba da
xmauri warmoadgenda moklevadian, droebiT da wyvetil process, romelic
SeiZleba warmoiqmnas mxolod samSeneblo samuSaoebis dros. imis gamo, rom
es sakiTxebi mxolod mokle periodiT ganmavlobaSi da mcire masStabiT
iCens Tavs da gaaCnia SezRuduli potenciuri zemoqmedeba adamianebze an
mgrZnobiare biologiur resursebze, isini ar warmoadgenen im sakiTxebs,
romelic unda Sevides programul garemosdaciT SefasebaSi.
garkveuli doniT gamoricxulia im sakiTxebis Semdgomi analizi, romelic
dakavSirebuli energetikis ganviTareba soflad programiT
gaTvaliswinebul ganaxlebadi energii/energoefeqturobis proeqtebTan da
bunebrivi resursebis marTvis grantebTan, rogorc es ganxilulia zeda
abzacSi. miuxedavad amisa, am saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis da monitoringis procedurebi an standartebi ganxiluli
iqneba programul garemosdaciT SefasebaSi, raTa garantirebuli iyos is
faqti, rom arc erTi mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba garemoze da socialur
sferoze ar aris datovebuli ganxilvis gareSe.
da bolos unda aRiniSnos, rom programuli garemosdaciTi Sefasebis
ganxilvaSi Sesuli adgilebi an proeqtebi, romelic gaTvaliwinebulia am
programiT, aris erTnairi masStabis, diapazonis da zemoqmedebis simZlavris.
is proeqtebi, romelic ar gansazRvravs zemoT ganxilul sakiTxebs, mag.
saSualo da didi zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebis proeqtebi, proeqtebi,
romelic iTvaliswinebs mSeneblobas erovnul parkebSi da proeqtebi,
245
romelic dakavSirbeulia WaobebTan da/an mgrZnobiare garemosTan moiTxovs
individualur garemosdacviT Sefasebas da ar aris Setanili programaSi.
3.4 programis Sedegebi, romelsac Seiswavlis programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefaseba
zemoT ganxilulis Tanaxmad, gansazRvuli RonisZiebebi, romelic dasaxulia
mocemuli programiT, saWiroebs yuradRebas programuli garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis mxridan, xolo sxva RonisZiebebis ganxilva ar aris aucilebeli.
qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi motanilia mokle mimoxilva.
cxrili 3: programis amocanebisa da mosalodneli Sedegebis kavSiri
programul garemosdacviT SefasebasTan.
amocan a
1 gazrdi li en ergomomarageba
2
adgi lobri vi en ergow armoebi s marTvi s
gaumjobeseba
3 qveyn i s Si gn i T da sofli s
en ergeti ki s da altern ati uli
en ergi i s gamoyen ebi s gaumjobeseba
Sedegebi
- kreditis meqanizmi
- dafinanseba
- teqnikuri proeqtebi (40)
- operirebis/eqspluataciis gegmebi (40)
- energetikulimproeqtebi Seqmnili (40)
-el energiis ind momw swavleba
CarTuli a
progr
garemosdac
vi T
SefasebaSi ?
----di ax
---
teqnikur/finansur menejmentSi.
- operirebis/eqspluataciis gegmebi (40)
- ganxlebadi energiis proeqtebis
ganxorcieleba (70+)
di ax
- energoefeqturobis proeqtebis
ganxorcieleba (130+)
di ax
- saTemo SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba (40+)
- GEPSO Camoyalibeba
4 adgi lobri vi en ergoresursebi s
res integr marTvis gegmebi (40 wyalsac)
gamoyen ebi s da dacvi s SesaZlebl obi s
- xe-tyis sawvavad gamoyenebis, tyis aRdgenis
gaumjobeseba
----
da wyalgamyofis aRdgenis grantebi (40)
di ax
gaumjobesebuli ZiriTadi monacemebi:
wyalgamyofebi/tyeebi
--
SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba (Tb sax un-ti da
saTemo kavSirebi/arasamT organizaciebi)
--
246
4. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
procedurebi
4.1 skopingis procesis Sedegi
skopingis procesi adasturebs programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
meTologiis sargeblianobas da miuTiTebs, rom am programiT
gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebisa da USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo-s fondebs
Soris msgavseba sakmarisia imisTvis, rom garantirebul iqnas maTi Sefaseba,
rogorc RonisZiebaTa garkveuli jgufisa. skopingis es procesi qmnis
safuZvels programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis dasanergad soflad
energetikis ganviTarebis RonisZiebebis Casatareblad saqarTveloSi
Semdegis miaRwevad:
•
ZiriTadi sakiTxebis gansazRvra programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
ganmavlobaSi.
•
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundSi warmodgenili sakiTxebis
identifikacia.
•
Semowmebis struqturis ganviTareba im adgilebis gasaxilvelad,
romelic Sefasebulia programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis mier
4.2. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis meTodologia,
tempi da fazebi
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis ganxorcielebis mizniT kompetenturi
gundi saxavs Semdeg damatebiT SeTanxmebebs, meTodebs, tempsa da fazebs:
SS miReba: es SS ganixileba da mtkicdeba evraziis biuros garemosdacviTi
oficris mier USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelos misiis wvliliT.
Sualeduri periodi: SS ganxilvisa da miRebis procesSi vaSingtonSi,
teqnikuri asistenti aiRebs programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
ganxorcielebis iniciativas. es moxdeba imisaTvis, rom arsebobdes samuSaos
dawyebis saSualeba, magram ganxorcieldes im gziT, romelic Seesabameba
saerTo komentarebs, miRebuls SS ganxilvis procesSi. sawyisi samuSao
moicavs (unda ganxorcieldes programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis
lideris mier teqnikuri menejeris da adgilobrivi gundis wevrebis
daxmarebiT) samuSao gegmaTa Semdgom ganviTarebas programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis wevrTaTvis. analitikuri iaraRebis
seriaTa ganviTareba (mag. semi-struqturuli intervius protokoli da
saitis aRmwereli monacemTa furceli, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi); cxrilis
ganviTareba vizitebisaTvis da logistikuri damxmare saSualebebis
mosamzadeblad (USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo transportis debuleba,
adgilobrivi uflebamosili pirebis wardgena, SezRuduli saofise
saSualebebi programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundisaTvis);
damatebiTi sarekomendacio masalis Sedgena da SeZena, romlebic Seesabameba
sasoflo energo proeqtebs kavkasiis regionSi; adgilobrivi programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis wevrTa Sekrebasa da daqiravebas; gundis
samSeneblo moqmedebebs da vizitTa iniciativebs.
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis ganxorcielebis periodi:
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundi ganxorcielebis mocemuli
periodi gagrZeldeba daaxloebiT Tormeti kviris ganmavlobaSi 2006 wlis
Tebervldan aprilamde Semdegnairad: orkviriani warmodgena / brifingi da
gundis Seqmna TbilisSi, samkviriani vizitebi da samkviriani moxsenebis
momzadeba. ufro specifiurad, gaTvaliswinebulia, rom ganxorcielebis
247
periodi moicavs 1) identifikacias, damatebiTi literaturis ganxilvasa da
Sedgenas, romelic ukavSirdeba sasoflo energo moqmedebebs saqarTveloSi
da 2) interviuebis momdevno serias centralur samTavrobo uflebamosil
pirebTan, adgilobriv uflebamosil pirebTan da msgavs proeqtebTan,
romlebic xels uwyoben energo proeqtebs saqarTveloSi. es
ganxorcieldeba naxevrad instruqtirebuli intervius proceduraTa
gamoyenebiT mewileebTan erTad. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
gundi moiwvevs mcire ganmxilvel jgufebs ZiriTad obieqtebze ZiriTadi
personaliT, radganac yvela mniSvnelovani sakonsultacio procesis
gavrcelebis saSualeba tipiurad ukavSirdeba garemosdacviT Sefasebas.
es sesiebi emsaxureba mniSvnelovan sakiTxTa identifikaciis Semsubuqebis
ormag mizans, romlebic SesaZloa ukavSirdebodes sasoflo energo
qmedebebSi ara pirdapirad Cabmul sakiTxebs da saerTo codnis amaRlebis
mniSvnelobas, raTa Tavidan aviciloT gauTvaliswinebeli garemosdacviTi
sakiTxebi, rac mniSvnelovani garZelvadiani myari investiciisTvis.
savele viziti: programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundi ewveva el
energiis ind ganawilebis 10 potenciur obieqts (an sasoflo energiis el
energiis ind ganawilebis obieqtebis 25%) sadac gamoiyeneba
USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelos fondebi. proeqtis obieqtebi SeirCeva im
kriteriumebis safuZvelze, romlebic gansazRvrulia nimuSTa atributebis
formaSi, romlebic specialurad am proeqtisaTvis SemuSavdeba.
dargTaSorisi gundis monawileoba: mravaldargobrivi gundi (ix. momdevno
qveTavi) dargTaSorisi TvalTaxedviT udgeba samuSaos, romelic moicavs:
momzadebas TiToeuli vizitisaTvis (ZiriTadi sakiTxebis identifikacia da
maTi urTierTmoqmedeba); interviuebs adgilobriv personalTan da Temis
wevrebTan (TiToeul SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyeneba naxevrad instruqtirebuli
intervius meTodi, da wamyvani piri da reportiori dainiSneba TiToeuli
obieqtisTvis); skriningis miTiTebebi (unda momzaddes programuli
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis lideris mier) TiToeuli obieqtisTvis,
raTa uzrunvelyon yvela sakiTxis dafarva da gundis pasuxismgebloba,
raTa es dafarva advilad gasagebi gaxdes; wina-vizitis da ganxilvis
sesiebi, orive maTgani adgilobriv StatTan da Tavad gundis SigniT, raTa
ganvixiloT winaswari aRmoCenebi da umTavresi procedurebi iseve rogorc
arsebiTi sakiTxebi; fokusirebuli Sida-gunduri ganxilvebi, raTa moxdes
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisa da da monitoringis gansazRvra; da bolos,
pasuxismgeblobis ganawileba moxsenebis mosamzadeblad, romlebic
momdinareobs TiToeli obieqtidan.
moxsenebis momzadeba da mimoxilva: programuli garewmosdacviTi Sefasebis
mosamsadeblad isaxeba Semdegi gegma: jgufis xelmZRvaneli Seadgens
programuli garewmosdacviTi Sefasebis moxsenebis monaxazs, sadac Tavis
wvlils Seitans TiToeuli monawile; jgufSi moxsenebis monaxazis
mimoxilva, memorandumis dagzavna yvela mniSvnelovan moqmed pirTan, vinc
dakavSirebulia energetikis ganviTareba soflad programasTan
(USAID/kavkasia/saqarTvelo, kontraqtorebi) da maTTan naxevardRian
seminarze msjeloba, ori kviris ganmavlobaSi seminaris monawileebma unda
moawodon werilobiTi SeniSvnebi da moxsenebis saboloo monaxazis
momzadeba SeniSvnebis da SemoTavazebebis gaTvaliswinebiT jgufis
xelmZRvanelis mier USAID-Si warsadgenad Semdeg evropisa da evraziis
biuroSi, vaSingtonSi, evropisa da evraziis biuros garemosdacviTi
oficrisTvis warsadgenad ganxilvisa da damtkicebisTvis.
248
4.3 programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis
Semadgenloba
monacemebis Segroveba, adgilebis Seswavla, Sesabamisi
programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis mosamzadebeli
mecierebis, inJinrebis, ekonomistebis da dizainerebis
gundma. programuli garemosdacviTi Sefasebis gundis
biografiebi mocemulia qvemoT:
analizebi da
samuSaoebi Seasrula
mraval-profilurma
ZiriTadi wevrebis
deil Sailikisi, gundis xelmZRvaneli da garemosdacviTi Sefasebis
specialisti (7 samuSao kvira) daamTavra san franciskos saxelmwifo
universitetis garemos dagegmarebisa da biologiis fakulteti da
kaliforniis universiteti, berkli. san franciskos universitetis
biologiis fakultetis bakalavris xarisxi. b-n Sailikiss aqvs 25 wliani
gamocdileba proeqtebis marTvasa da menejmentSi, garemos analizis,
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis dagegmvis, adgilis SerCevis da daxmarebisa da
stratebiuli ganviTarebis proeqtebi, romelic xorcieldeba aSS-s an
Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad msoflio masStabiT
energetikuli ganviTarebis proeqtebis Sesaxeb. mis specialobaSi Sedis
farTo, mravalprofiliani, mravaliurisdiqciuri proeqtebisaTvis
garemosdacviTi dokumentaciis menejmenti da marTva, kerZod rTuli
sainJinro proeqtisa da samecniero komponentebis CarTviT. proeqtisTvis
adgilis SerCeva; alternatiuli analizebis Catareba; Semarbilebeli
RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba; sajaro prezentaciebi; saeqsperto mtkicebebi. Man
Caatara 200-ze meti mravalprofiliani Semowmebebi rogorc aS.S.-Si aseve
msoflioSi. Mmisi proeqtebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia, adgilis SerCeva,
Sesrulebadoba da energetikuli ganviTarebis proeqtebis garemos
Sefasebebi. aseTi proeqtebis ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebelia
siRrmiseulad flobde saerTaSoriso da federaluri garemo kanonis
moTxovnebs, romelsac gamoscems aSS da sxva qveynebi, msoflio banki sfk
(saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia) da sxva saerTaSoriso sakredito
dawesebulebebi. tipiuri proeqti moicavs proeqtis danviTarebis da
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebisaTvis strategiul da SemoqmedebiT gadawyvetas,
romelSic monawileobas iReben inJinrebi, dizainerebi, menejerebi saproeqto
ganyofilebidan, saregulacio saagentoebidan da konsultantebi. is qveynebi,
sadac axlaxans b-ni Sailikisi moRvaweobda aris: aSS, kanada, meqsika, Cadi,
kameruni, filipinebi, safrangeTi da inglisi.
greg maiklsi. gundis ekonomisti. socioekonomikisa da garemosdacviTi
Sefasebis specialisti (eqspatriati), (6 samuSao kvira). filosofiis
doqtori, ekonomisti, vanderbiltis universiteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa
bakalavri, ekonomisti, Crd karolina Capel hili. doqtor maklss gaaCnia 20
wliani gamocdileba garemosdacviTi ekonomikuri analizebis, bunebrivi
resursebis da ganviTarebis sakiTxebis marTva da sisruleSi moyvana da
aseve saerTaSoriso mravalprofiliani sakonsultacio jgufis da
sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso sakonsultacio progarmis Tvalyurisdevneba. d-ri
maiklsis saerTaSoriso specialobebi moicavs: garemosdacviTi ekonomikuri
Sefasebis da ganviTarebis problemebs (gansakuTrebiT is problemebi, rac
dakavSirebulia wylis resursebTan da wylis gamyofTan); garemosdacviTi da
ganviTarebis proeqtebis ekonomikuri, socialuri da finansuri
Sesrulebadoba; soc. ekonomikuri da turizmis garemosdacviTi Sefaseba;
urbanuli bazrebis ekonomikuri da finansuri Sefaseba; miwis dakonserveba;
finansuri garemosdacviTi investiciebi da higienis da usafrTxoebis
sakiTxebi. Mad ganaxorciela uamravi swavlebebi fuladi da ara fuladi
midgomis saSualebiT garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis Sesafaseblad,
amaSi Sedis arapirdapiri meTodebi (hedonukuri Sefaseba) da pirdapiri
249
meTodebi (Semowmebebi da analizebi, romlisTvisac mzad arian gaiRon
Tanxa), mraval SemTxvevaSi. Bb-nma maiklsma Seiswavla wylis produqciis
ekonomikuri Rirebuleba da wylis Rirebuleba uzbekistanSi, nikaraguaSi,
kosta rikaSi el salvadorSi dominikur respublikaSi sacxovrebeli,
sasoflo-sameurneo, industiruli da sxva gamoyenebisTvis. wyalze
moTxovnisas, b-ma maiklsma warmarTa strategiuli garemo Sefaseba mundo
maiaSi turizmis programis ganviTarebis gamo, romelsac daafinansebs Sidaamerikuli ganvitarebis banki iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa mundo maia (meqsika,
belizie, gvatemala, gondurasi, da salvadori).
migel franko. gundis garemosdacviTi inJineri. wylis resursebis da
garemosdacviTi Sefasebis specialisti. (6 samuSao /kvira). b-ni franko aris
inJineri-qimikosi, aqvs garemosdacviTi inJinris magistris xarisxi
daamTavra jons hopkinsis universiteti. b-n frankos aqvs 13 welze meti
gamocdileba teqnikuri daxmarebis uzrunvelyofaSi mSeneblobis, garemos
marTvis, dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis da wylis / narCeni wylis
sakiTxebSi. b-ni franko aris gamocdili garemosdacviTi inJineri,
dagegmarebisa da analitikuri brwyinvale unar-CvevebiT; is swrafad axdens
situaciis Sefasebas da gansazRvravs nebismier sakiTxs da problemas da
afasebs maTi potenciur gadawyvetis gzebs. mis specialobaSi Sedis: 1)
garemosdacviTi monacemebis Segroveba da ZiriTadi garemosdacviTi
informaciis Sefaseba – resursebi (mag. wyali, energia) da Sedegebi (e.i.
narCeni wyali, myari narCenebi, gamonabolqvi); arsebuli procesebis da
operirebis garemosdacviTi, ekonomikuri da teqnologiuri Sefaseba;
garemoze aspeqtebisa da zemoqmedebaTa analizi da dabinZurebis Tavidan
acilebis ganxorcileba, prioritetebis dasaxva da Sefaseba; narCenebis
Semcireba, wylis Semcireba energo efeqturobis SesaZleblobebi da
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi; instituciuri saWiroebis Sefaseba da
institucionaluri gaZliereba da unarebis gamomuSavebis teqnikuri
Sefaseba. b-nma frankom uzrunvelyo teqnikuri daxmareba boliviaSi,
braziliaSi, bulgareTSi, dominikis respublikaSi, ekvadorSi, egvipteSi,
salvadorSi, indoneziaSi, iamaikaze, meqsiaSi, paragvaiSi, perusa da espaneTi.
bB-ni franko Tavisuflad flobs inglisur da espanur enebs.
kreg van develde, biznes ekonomisti (eqspatriati) (5 samuSao /kvira).
bakalavris xarisi rusul da aRmosavleT evropul disciplinaSi,
universiteti miCigan –an arbori; ganviTarebis ekonomika, kentukis
universiteti, b-ni van develde cxovrobda da muSaobda saqarTveloSi
bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi da sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva qveybenSi
wina 13 wlis ganmavlobaSi, axorcielebda soflis ganviTarebis proeqtebs,
sxvadasxva energetikuli proeqtebis danergvas, bunebrivi resursebis
menejments, da sasoflo-sameurneo proeqtebs. b-nma van develdem daasrula
USAID – is garemos Sesabamisobis treiningebi 2005 wels da monawileobas
iRebda martivi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis SemuSavebaSi rogorc mcire
hidroeletro sadgurebis mSeneblobis, ise bunebrivi airis ganawilebis
proeqtebisTvis.
giorgi ramiSvili, gundis inJiner-mSenebeli da eleqtroenergiis
individuluri mimwodebeli nagebobebis mSenebeli specialisti
(adgilobrivi) (6 samuSao /kvira), saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis
sainJinro-samSeneblo fakulteti, b-nma ramiSvilma wina 8 wlis
ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi ganaxorciela energoefeqturobis/ganaxlebadi
enrgiis 70-ze meti proeqti. b-nma ramiSvilma monawileoba miiRo 112kvt,
120kvt, 50kvt-iani mcire zomis hidroeleqtro sadgurebis da aseve 17 km-iani
da 25 km-iani bunebrivi airis milsadenis proeqtebis SemuSavebaSi. man
daasrula USAID – is garemosdacviTi Sesabamisobis treningebi 2002-2005
250
wlebSi da monawileobda martivi garemosdacviTi Sefasebis da
Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebis da monitoringis gegmebis SemuSavebaSi
hidroeneleqtro sadgurebis mSeneblobis aseve bunebrivi bunebrivi gazis
ganawilebis proeqtebisTvis.
giorgi WeiSvili, sociologiis specialisti (adgilobrivi) (4 samuSao
/kvira). diplomi konfliqtebis mogvarebis programaSi, upsalas
universiteti, SvedeTi; specializacia - konfliqtis programa muSaobis
dargSi, seli ouk koleji, birmingami, gaerTianebuli samefo; mecnierebaTa
kandidati, istoria, sakarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia, istoriisa da
eTnlogiis instituti, saqarTvelo, Tbilsi; wiTeli diplomi, istoria,
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, saqarTvelo, Tbilisi. b-n WeiSvils aqvs
mniSvnelovani gamocdileba rogorc menejers da teqnikur konsultants,
romelic axorcielebs miznobrivi socialuri mxardaWeris programas. 1999
wlidan is monawileobda saqarTvelos zamTris gaTbobis xelSewyobis
programebis ganxorcielebaSi. (GWHAP) II, II, IV, V, VI da amJamad VII. PA –s
saxeliT b-ni WeiSvili teqnikur daxmarebiT uzrunvelyofs Sromis,
jandacvisa da socialuri mxardaWeris saministroebs da Tbilisis
municipalitets. garda amisa b-ni WeiSvili muSaobda rogorc mkvlevari
potenciur konfliqtur sakiTxebze saqarTvelos sasoflo seqtorSi
energetikis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. b-n WeiSvils aqvs didi gamocdileba
im socialuri zegavlenebis gansazRvrasa da analizSi, rac Seexeba
sasoflo raionebSi energetikis xelmisawvdomobas da gaaCnia saqarTveloSi
arsebuli socialuri pirobebis unikaluri codna.
mariam baxtaZe, gundis biologi da garemosdacviTi specialisti
(adgilobrivi) (4 samuSao /kvira), bakalavris wodeba biologiaSi, Tbilisi
saxelmwifo universiteti, magistris xarisxi ekologiaSi, Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universiteti. Qq-ni baxtaZe aris saqarTveloSi arsebuli
floris specialisti. mas gaaCnia mniSvnelovani gamocdileba
saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebul garemosdacviT sakiTxebSi. samuSao
gamocdilebaSi Sedis: monacemebis Segroveba da marTva, saerTaSoriso
garemosdacviTi konvenciebis interpretacia da danergva da politikis
SemuSaveba. q-ni baxtaZe monawileobda kvlevebSi da eswreboda ganaxlebadi
energiis/energoefeqtturobis, garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis da marTvs,
integrirebul menejmentis moklevadian kursebs.
251
danarTi a
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizi
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizi – mcire hes-ebi
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizi - bunebrivi gazis
gamanawilebeli sistemebi
252
garemosdacviTi skrininguli analizi - bunebrivi gazis gamanawilebeli
sistemebi
1) zogadi informacia
proeqtis dasaxeleba
adgilmdebareoba (olqi/
raioni)
kuTvnileba / mmarTveloba
GgarSemo mdebare miwebis
gamoyeneba
[ ] sasoflo sameurneo [ ] sacxovrebeli
[ ]
turizmi
[ ] sawarmoo
[ ] tye
[ ] dawesebuleba
[ ] komerciuli
[ ] Ria sivrce
[ ] da sxva, gTxovT. miuTiToT :
proeqtis tipi
axali mSenebloba/ reabilitacia
milsadenis mdebareoba
miwis zeda miwis qveSa mimarTulebiT
milsadenis sigrZe (zeda da /
qveda) (m)
milsadenis diametri (mm)
maqsimumi simZlavre (m3/Tve)
proeqtis Rirebuleba (aSS.
dolarebSi)
2) ZiriTdi samseneblo saqmianobebi
aspeqti / zemoqmedeba
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
mSenebloba / struqturebis da Senobebis
reabilitacia?
mSenebloba / misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia?
Gadamcemi xazebismSenebloba/reabilitaca?
droebiTi adgilmdebareoba romelic gamoiyeneba
mSeneblobiTi samuSaoebis da mSenebelTa
binadrobisTvis?
mniSvnelovani riski dakavSirebuli narCenebis
transportirebasTan?
araadekvaturi narCenebis ganTavsebis saSualebani?
253
gaTxriTi samuSaoebi an
eqskavacia?
SesaZlebeli gadatvirTva/narCenebis gadazidva an
rezervi>1.0 tona?
moiTxovdes gamoyenebuli iqnas saSiSi /momwamlavi
nivTierebebi ( mag. saRebavebi, zeTi, sapoxi masala,
SenaerTebi; gTxovT zustad miuTiTod)?
saWiroebs momwamlavi narCenebis SegrovebiT da
gadazidviT sistemebs?
avto transportis moZraobis gazrda > 20% an
arsebiTi simWidrovis mizezi?
usafrTxoebis riskis gamowveva an mizezi?
araadeqvaturi midgoma an gauTvaliswinebeli
midgoma winaswar ganWvretili xalxis raodenobis
an transportis moZraobis mimarT?
gamoiyenos iseTi moqmedeba romelic gamoiwvevs
adgilmdebareobis fizikur Secvlas (topografias,
gamoyenebuli miwis, wylis kalapotis cvlas da
a.S)?
3) geologia da niadagebi
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
Pfunqcionirebs geologiurad saSiS adgilebTan
axlos (defeqtebi, niadagis CamoSla, darbileba,
ara sainJinro amovseba da a.S)?
Ggamoiwvios donis daweva, niadagis CamoSla an
erozia?
Nniadagze potenciuri zegavlena – (mag., niadagis
gadazidva, damakavSireba an Sekaveba niadagebis,
niadagis SekumSuli Zala)?
GnarCeni niadagis an gamouyenebeli masalis
menejmenti?
Aadgilobrivi garemos fizikuri (mag.., mcenareebis)
degradacia?
4) wylis resursebi
254
wyaldidoba, ukiduresoba an araxelsayreli
klimaturi pirobebi romelmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios
sistemis ngreva an Sla?
mdinare, nakaduli an tba nagebobaSi an 30 metriT
daSorebuli nagebobidan?
DdaWaobebuli teritoria kveTs an zegavlenas
axdens proeqtze?
xarisxi an raodenoba miwisqveSa wylebis
(wyalqveSa fenebi) an xalxis wylis mimwodebeli
(mag., Webi)?
xarisxi an raodenoba miwiszeda wylebis?
zedapiris gamyarebis gamo Camonadenis gazrda, an
vegetaciis Semwovi efeqtis dakargva, romelmac
SesaZloa zemoqmedeba iqonios sensitiur garemoze?
Nmdinaris nakadi kveTs milsadens?
5) biologiuri resursebi
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
mniSvnelovani, maRali xarisxis an mwiri resursebi
ramac SeiZleba imoqmedos proeqtze?
AaRmoCenili flora da / an fauna ekologiuri an
komerciuli mniSvnelobis?
zemoqmedeba Woaobis bunebriv sacxovrebel
garemoze?
Mmcenareulobis amoReba an daWaobebul
teritoriebze mSenebloba an sanapiroebze > 1.0
heqtarze?
NnakrZalSi an veluri bunebis sacavSi
ganTavsebuli?
veluri bunebis banakSi mSenebloba an mis axlos
mSenebloba?
Mmdebareobdes garemo mniSvnelovan teritoriaze?
cxovelTa saxeobis mravalferovneba?
saxeobebis bunebrivi migracia?
iSviaTi an gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareulTa
saxeobebis gadarCena?
255
sacxovrebeli adgilis droebiT an MmTlianad
dakargva?
MmcenareTa saxeobis mravalferovneba?
SenarCuneba mcenareuli an mecnieruli
mniSvnelobis saxeobebis?
arsebuli saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba?
SeSis Segroveba?
bunebrivi saxeobebis an genetikuri
mravalferovnebis dakargva?
sawamlavis / rodenticidis, insecticidis, or
herbicides gamoyeneba > 1.0 heqtari?
6) socioekonomikuri sakiTxebi
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
SeTavazebuli proeqtis axlos dasaxlebebis
mdebareoba?
arsebuli adgilis gamoyeneba an proeqtis
garSemo adgili, romelic SeiZleba proeqtis
warmoebiT iyos Secvlili?
proeqtis axlos raime specifiuri adgilis
gamoyeneba (mag. bostnebis, sasoflo sameurneo
niadagebis)?
SesaZlebeli konfliqti mosazRvre
teritoriasTan?
zegavlena momaval gamoyenebad teritoriebze an
garSemo teritoriebze?
proeqtSi an proeqtis garSemo midamoebi,
romlebic ukve dabinZurebulia an dazianebulia?
droebiTi an sruli cvlileba niadagis
aTvisebiT, niadagis dafarviT an topografiiT,maT
Soris teritoriis aTvisebis zrda?
sazogadoebrivi infrastruqturebis arseboba
proeqtis teritoriaze an proeqTis
teritoriasTan axlos (mag. skolebis,
janmrTelobis centrebis/clinikebis, eklesiebis
da sxva)?
sazogadoebisTvis misaRebi proeqti (adgilobrivi
256
sazogadoebisTvis, xelisuflebisTvis,
arasamTavrobo organizaciisTvis)?
sazogadoebisa da garemo bunebis riskis arseboba
unda iyos CaxSobili?
Uugulebelyofa adgilobrivi kodeqsis, proeqtis,
nebarTvis an dagegmili miznebis?
MmSenebloba erovnul parkSi an daniSnuli
gasarTob teritoriaza?
gadaadgileba >10 erTeulis +6 TveSi?
saWiro xelsawyoebis an municipaluri servisis
Sewyveta> 10 erTeulis + 6 TveSi?
xmauris done > 5 decibeli + 3 TveSi?
Bbevri xalxisTvis kargad SesamCnevi?
arasasurveli vizuali zegavlena garemomcvel
bunebasTan SedarebiT?
GgarSemo aris iseTi teritoria romelic
mWidrod aris dasxlebuli an ganaSenianebuli,
romelic SeiZleba proeqtis zegavlenis qveS
moeqces?
Semdegi proeqtis saWiroeba, romelsac SesaZloa
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba hqondes garemoze (mag
meti ganaSenianeba, axali gzebi, axali
mxardamWeri meurneoba an komunaluri samsaxuri
da a.S)?
kumulaciuri efeqti, msgavsi gavlevnis mqone sxva
arsebuli Tu dagegmili proeqtebis siaxlovis
gamo?
socialuri cvlilebebi, magaliTad,
demografiaSi, tradiciul cxovrebis ritmSi, da
dasaqmebaSi?
7) kulturuli wyaroebi
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
Apreistoriuli, istoriuli, an paleoliTis
wyaroebi 30 metris moSorebiT mSeneblobisgan?
Funikaluri kulturuli an eTnikuri
Rirebulebani teritoriaze?
257
8) sazogadoebrivi jandacvis sakiTxebi
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
Aadamianis an sazogadoebis keTildReoba da
janmrTeloba?
P miwiszeda aRWurvilobis da mowyobilobebis
mwyobridan SesaZlo gamosvla (mag., Camketi damcavi
sarqvelis)?
Hhaeris, wylis, sakvebis da adamianis mier sxva
moxmarebuli produqtebis xarisxi da toqsikuroba?
calkeuli adamianebis, Temis Tu mosaxleobis
daucveloba?
Ppersonaluri usafrTxoebis grZnoba?
sazogadoebis erTianoba da msgavseba?
Kkulturuli msgavseba da kavSirebi?
UumciresobaTa uflebebi?
Oojaxuri pirobebi?
dasaqmeba da dasaqmebis xarisxi?
Eekonomikuri mdgomareoba?
socialuri institutebi?
incidenti romelmac SeiZleba imoqmedos adamianze
an garemoze?
-
afeTqebiT, mavne nivTierebis daRviTa, xanZriT
da a. S. gamowveuli?
-
mavne an momwamlavi nivTierebebis dasawyobebiT,
mopyrobiT, moxmarebiT an warmoebiT
gamowveuli?
garemos damazianebis gamomwvevi bunebrivi
katastrofis zemoqmedeba (mag. wyaldidobebi,
miwisZvrebi, niadagis CamoSla, da a.S.)?
AadamianTa daucveli jgufebi romelnic SeiZleba
proeqtis zegavlenis qveS iyvnen (mag. saavadmyofos
pacientebi, moxucebi)?
258
9) haeris xarisxi
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
nageboba
operireba da
eqspluatacia
Hhaeris dabinZurebis warmoqmna obieqtze?
haeris dabinZurebis warmoqmna an garemoSi
nivTierebis koncentraciis Sesabamisi tandartis
darRveva?
satvirTo manqanebiT moZraoba mSeneblobisa Tu
operirebis dros?
Nnagebobis CamoSla an Camongreva?
moZvelebuli sawvavis wviT gamonabolqvi
stacionaruli an moZravi wyaroebi?
Gmavne gamonayofi dakavSirebuli masalebTan
mopyrobasTan dasawyobebisa da transportirebis
CaTvliT?
Gmavne gamonayofi, dakavSirebuli samSeneblo
samuSaoebTan, el sadgurisa da aRWurvilobis
CaTvliT?
Mmtveri an suni dakavSirebuli masalebTan
mopyrobasTan samSeneblo masalebis, kanalizaciisa
da narCenebis CaTvliT?
10) xmauri da vibracia
aRWurvilobis muSaobis gamo (mag Zravevbi,
ventilacia, samtvrevi manqanebi)?
aSenebisa Tu dangrevisgan?
afeTqebisgan?
mSenebobisa Tu satransporto mimosvlisgan?
259
danarTi v - monitoringis gegma – moxseneba savele
vizitis Sesaxeb
savele vizitis TariRi:
energetikis ganviTareba soflad programidan damkvirveblis saxeli:
proeqtis dasaxeleba:
proeqtis tipi (mcire hesi, bunebrivi gazi, ganaxlebadi
energia/energoefeqturobis mcire masStabiani proeqti, resursebis
integrirebuli marTvis gegma):
dadgenili zemoqmedeba garemoze (dasaxeleba da aRwera):
garemoze TiToeuli dadgenili zemoqmedebis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da
monitoringis gegma (dasaxeleba, aRwera da statusi):
dafiqsirebuli problemebi:
rekomendebuli samoqmedeo gegma / gamosasworebeli zomebis da
pasuxismgebloba:
260
danarTi z – saukeTeso gamocdilebis standartebi
mSeneblobisa da sxva proeqtirebisaTvis
a) standartuli pirobebi mcire maStabis samSeneblo proeqtebisaTvis
•
samSeneblo ganrigis SemuSaveba da maTi midevna romelic minimumamde
daiyvans ngrevas samSeneblo farTobze. satvirTo manqanebis
koordinireba da sxva samSeneblo moqmedebebi raTa Semcirebul iqnas
xmauri, sagzao ngreva da mtveri. mosaxleobisa da muSaxelis
jamrTelobisaTvis Seasbamisi usafrTxoebis zomebis miReba
•
post-samSeneblo ganrigi da sagzao gadaxris ganrigi proeqtis
ganxorcielebis adgilas.
•
sadac mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba SeiZleba moxdes garemoze,
dokumentirebul iqnas da fotografiulad mSeneblobis dawyebamde
da post-samSeneblo periodebSi.
•
Tavidan aicileT niadagebis fenis Semcireba da Senobis
stabilizaciis problemebi gadaWeriT jerovani eqskavaciiT, SevsebiT
da ganTavsebis gamoyenebiT
•
Sevsebisas unda veridoT segregaciuli masalebis “jibeebs”,
gamoyenebul unda iqnas kargad profilirebuli masalebi, da igi unda
Seesabamebodes aRiarebul standartebs.
•
amoavseT da/ an aRadgineT karierebi da qvis samtexloebi
datovebamde im SemTxvevaSi Tu ar daigegmeba am obieqtebis gamoyenebis
alternatiuli varianti.
•
gaakontroleT karierebis gamocalkeveba
•
mSenebare obieqtis droebiTi sanitaruli nagebobebiT uzrunvelyofa
•
aRadgineT da daabruneT zedapiruli grunti da mcenareuli safari
•
protokolebis dadgena manqanis saeqspluatacio momsaxurebisTvis
sawvav-sapoxi masalebiT dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad.
•
eroziis kontrolis droebiTi meqanizmis SemuSaveba im
SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac arsebuli meqanizmi vargisi/gamosadegi araa.
•
dagrovili samSeneblo masaliT wylis arxebis dabinZurebisagan dacva.
•
daluqeT Segrovili samSeneblo masalebi, SeZlebisdagvarad.
•
naxevrad saxifaTo da saxifaTo siTxeebis: gamxsnelebi, sazeTi
masalebi, navTobis, da sxvaTa ganTavseba moniSnul farTze Sesabamisi
meorad Semkavebel mowyobilobaSi, raTa SeaCeroT misi
daRvra. SeamowmeT sisufTave Sesanaxi rezervuaris da barabnebis da
sakonrolo sarqvelebisa navTobisa da sawvavis maragze.
•
Sesabamisi Semakavebeli nagegebobebis aSeneba didi rezervuarebisa da
masalis maragis garSemo raTa Tavidan aiciloT maTi mdinarerSi
CaRvra.
261
•
masalebis mopyroba, Senaxva, gamoyeneba
rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad
•
narCeni masalebis Sesabamis adgilobriv farTze waReba.
•
cementis, qaRaldis, ficris, gamamkvrivebeli masalebis da gamosawvavi
nivTierebebis, milis Casawyobi, gadasaxuri masalebis, an sxva azbestis
Semcveli masalebis gamoyenebisgan Tavis Sekaveba.
•
ar gamoiyenoT PCB eleqtro transformatorebSi.
•
moerideT gamamkvrivebeli da gamosawvavi nivTierebebis gamoyenebas,
romlebic gamSrobad tyvias Seicavs.
•
gamoiyeneT tyvia-Tavisufali saRebavi, falia, laki da saRebavi
nivTierebebi.
•
minimumamde daiyvaneT gamxsneliani saRebavebis gamoyeneba, an
SecvaleT isini wyliani saRebavebiT.
•
minimumamde daiyvaneT narCeni masalebis dawva.
•
SeZlebisamebr gamoiyeneT teqnika raTa SeamciroT mtveri da (mag.,
sagzao siCqaris SezRudva, haeris gamomyofi aRWurviloba).
•
gadaamuSaveT narCeni wyali SeZlebis farglebSi
•
aageT rezervuari an sxva separatorebi Slamiani masalisaTvis sanam
dauSvebT mdinareSi maT mniSvnelovan gadinebas.
•
aageT kolektoruli arxebi romlebic Seakavebs navTobis da / an
Slams, kerZod im adgilas romelic gamoiyeneba manqanis gasarecxad an
sawvavis Casasxamad.
•
daluqeT an moacileT mitovebuli sadrenaJo arxebi raTa SeamciroT
wylis dabinZureba.
•
ganacalkeveT narCenebi romlis gadarCevac SesaZlebelia, xelaxali
gamoyenebisaTvis.
•
gaecaniT RonisZiebebs raTa gaakontroloT da SeamciroT narCenebis
moculoba mSeneblobis adgilze
•
mimarTeT gonivrul strategiebs xeebTan, mdinareebTan, mcenareebTan an
cxovelis saxobebTan an sadgomebTan dakavSirebiT, da mniSvnelovani
istoriuli da arqeologiuri maxasiaTeblebis mimarT.
•
SeZlebisdagvarad, SeqmeniT samSeneblo obieqtebis landSafti
adgilobrivi pirobebis Sesabamisad.
•
minimumamde daiyvaneT xmauri da SeamcireT miwis dabinZurebis
gavrceleba.
•
ar aagoT nagebobebi sensitiur garemoSi.
•
Tu narCeni daimarxeba adgilze, samarxebi ar unda iyos zemoT sasmeli
wylis wyarodan rogoricaa Webi. Rrmulebi unda ganlagdes uJonav
masalebTan erTad (mag., Tixa an polieTileni).
•
Tu narCenebi daimarxeba adgilze, samarxi ormoebi ar unda iyos iq,
sadac gruntis wylis done maRalia, an miwisqveSa geologiuri
mewarmeebis instruqciebisa da
262
warmonaqmnebi abinZurebs gruntis wyals. Tu alternatiuli adgili ar
aris xelmisawvdomi , darwmundiT rom Rrmulebi ganlagebulia
SeuRwev (uJono) masalasTan. uzrunvelyaviT dabanisa da recxvisgan
miRebuli narCeni wylis usafrTxo gadineba.
damatebiTi pirobebi avtosadgomis mSeneblobis gamo zemoqmedebis
minimumamde dasayvanad
•
•
mimarTeT SemWidrovebas rogorc ki SesaZlebeli iqneba raTa
SeamciroT gaJonva gaumyarebeli asfaltidan
uzrunvelyaviT adeqvaturi drenaJiT mosapirkeTebeli zedapiris
farTi.
•
daubrundiT moupirkeTebel adgilebs an gamosworebul konturebs
Semdgomi mSeneblobisaTvis.
•
im adgilebis mcenarteuli safaris aRdgena, sadac vegetacia
ganadgurda mSeneblobis periodSi.
•
uzrunvelyaviT vegetaciis zolebi sadac SesaZlebelia, saCrdilo
xeebis CaTvliT
•
SeinarCuneT xeebi avtosadgomis gaswvriv da axlomdebare gzis
pirebze.
b) standartuli pirobebi gzis reabilitaciis da
samuSaoebisaTvis
proeqtis saremonto
xmauri, sagzao moZraobis darRveva da mtveri
•
samSeneblo ganrigis Camoyalibeba, romelic amcirebs samSeneblo
farTis ngrevas normalur samuSao pirobebSi. post samSeneblo ganrigi
da sagzao gadaxris ganrigi proeqtis adgilas.
•
satvirto manqanebis mimosvlisa da sxva samSeneblo saqmianobis
koordinireba xmauris, satransporto mimosvlis da mtvris minimumamde
dasayvanad
adamianisa da muSaxelis jamrTelobis usafrTxoeba
•
mosaxleobisa da muSaxelis janmrTelobis usafrTxoebisaTvis
saTanado zomebis SemuSaveba da danergva mSeneblobis periodSi.
•
muSaxelis momarageba usafrTxoebis saTanado aRWurvilobiT
•
usafrTxoebis gafrTxilebebis gacema muSaxelisa da sxvebis
dasacavad dazianebebisagan.
•
samSeneblo adgilidan moSorebiT sacxovrebeli adgilis gamokvleva
gundisTvis.
•
banakis minimaluri zomis SenarCuneba.
•
droebiTi sanitaruli nagebobebis ageba mSenebare obieqtebze.
ekologiuri da istoriuli sakiTxTa gaTvaliswineba
•
daadgineT da moerideT adgilebs proeqtis gavlenis zonaSi, romelis
SeiZleba Seicavdes mniSvnelovan ekologiur, arqeologiur,
paleonTologiur, istoriul, religiur an kulturul resursebs, maT
263
Siris tyeebs, Waobebs da maRali biologiuri mravalsaxeobis
adgilebs an saSiSi binadrebis saxeobebs.
•
uzrunvelyaviT rom samSeneblo gundi da zedamxedvelebi
yuradRebiT iyon damarxuli istoriuli, religiuri, da kulturuli
obieqtebis mimarT.
•
Tu gzis rekonstruqciisas mgrZnobiare adgilebze zegavlenis moxdena
gardauvalia saqmeSi CarTeT ekologebi, arqeologebi da inJinrebi
alternatiuli variantis moZiebasa da zemoqmedebis minimumamde
dayvanis mizniT.
•
sadac SeiZleba iyos garemoze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba, daasabuTeT
da gadaiReT fotosuraTi mSeneblobamde da mSeneblobis Semdeg.
proeqtis monaxazi
•
gamoiyeneT dawesebuli standartebi mSeneblobisa da masTan
dakavSirebuli saqmianobis yvela sferosTvis (mag., gza, gzis zedapiri,
drenaJi, Carecxvis kontroli, mcenareuli safarris aRdgena, wylis
nakadis gadakveTa, mgrZnobiare adgilebi, cicabo ferdobebi, masalis
eqstraqcia, transporti da Senaxva, samSeneblo banakebi, a.S).
•
minimumamde daiyvaneT vertikaluri gzis asagebad gruntis
vertikaluri amoReba miuxedavad imisa rom es ufro advilia da
moiTxovs nakleb adgils vidre damreci ferdobebi. gruntis amoRebis
daxra ar unda iyos ¾:1 to 1:1 meti raTa xeli SeuwyoT mcenaris
gazrdas. vertikaluri kveTebi dasaSvebia mtkice masalebSi da kargad
dacementebul niadagze, Tu aseTi kveTebi aris gamZle, dawesebuli
daqanebis kriteriumis mixedviT.
•
daasveleT gza gamkvrivebamde gzis zedapiris gasaZliereblad.
•
roca SesaZlebeli iqneba, gadadeT gasamkvrivebeli muSaobebi sveli
sezonis dawyebamde an roca meti wyali iqneba xelmisawvdomi.
•
gamoiyeneT wyali
•
gaatareT manqana gzaze zomieri wvimebis Semdeg raTa gamoavlinoT is
adgilebi, sadac wyali grovdeba an gaedineba . moniSneT da Tavidan
gaakeTeT rogorc saWiroa.
•
gadarecxili an gadinebuli zedapiris aRdgena ise rom wyali ar
gaedinebodes gzaze.
•
awarmoeT muSaobis perioduli damoukidebeli inspeqcia raTa
darwmundeT rom igi Seesatyviseba gegmas. uzrunvelyaviT
SeTanxmebuloba.
auzidan da gubeebdan gzis SesakeTeblad.
eqskavacia/ karierebi
•
Tavdapirvelad gamoiyeneT gzis moWridan miRebuli masala vinaidan
igi warmoqmnis gamZle kompleqss rogorc zedapiris stabilizaciis
aseve Camorecxvis kontrolisaTvis da aris Zalian iafi.
•
Sesabamisad ganaTavseT Robe gaTxrili karierebis garSemo.
•
darwmundiT rom eqskavacias Tan axlavs kargad-daproeqtebuli
drenaJi TxrilSi Cadinebis gasakontroleblad. .
264
•
SeimuSaveT specialuri procedurebi zedapiruli gruntis Sesanaxad
da ormos daxurvisa da formis aRdgenisTvis gaTxriTi samuSaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg. CarTeT gegmebi segregaciuli xreSis da
karieridan miRebuli masalis samomavlo gamoyenebisTvis aTvis
xarisxiani da SesaZlebeli gamoyenebis SesaZleblobiT
momavalSi. sadac saWiroa, CarTeT vegetaciis aRdgenis RonisZiebebi
dargvisa da daTesvis gziT, niadagis eroziis da gaadsdeni
adgilebis warmoqmnis Sesamcireblad da vizualuri efeqtis
gamosasworeblad.
•
adgilobriv TemTan karieris ormoebis SenarCunebis sakiTxi wylis
dasagrovebel gubeebad marcvleulis mosarwyavad an msgavsi
moxmarebisaTvis. Ddaavadebis gadadebis sakiTxebi da ormoSi
dagrovili wylis moxmarebis akrZalva adamianisaTvis, xolo dabanvisa
da tanisamosis gasarecxad moxmareba unda wamoiwios pirvel planze.
•
aRadgineT adgili ise rom igi gamosadegi iyos xangZlivi
gamoyenebisaTvis
mopovebiTi samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.
•
amoavseT da/ an aRadgineT karierebi da qvis samtexloebi obieqtis
mcenareuli safaris dazianeba da aRdgena
•
niadagis gadaadgileba da mcenareuli safaris aRdgena
ganaxorcieleT mxolod mSral periodSi.
•
Tu mcenareuli safaris unda gadaadgildes svel periodSi, daicadeT
mSeneblobis uSualo dawyebamde.
•
SeinaxeT gadaadgilebuli zedapiruli grunti da mcenareebi Semdgom
gamosayeneblad.
•
gamojansaRebuli mcenareebisa da sxva Sesaferisi floras
dauyovneblivi revegetacia mas Semdeg rac danadgarebi gatanil iqneba
mSenebare obieqtidan.
masalis Senaxva
•
samSeneblo masalebis droebiTi/mudmivi Sesanaxi adgilis
daTvaliereba
•
wyalsavali gzis samSeneblo masalebiT dabinZurebisagan dacva
•
samSeneblo masalebis dafarva SeZlebisdagvarad.
amovseba
•
minimumamde daiyvaneT saWiro amovsebis moculoba
•
gzis zedapiris amaRleba myari da gamZle masalebiT. Sida da gare
ferdobebiT ganlageba an saprofilo formiT. saTanado ganivi
sadrenaJo arxebisa da naleqis guburebis gakeTeba.
•
gamoiyeneT Sesaferisi masalebi gzis zedapirisaTvis (mag. asfalti,
betoni, xreSi) Semdgomi amovsebiT saproeqto profilirebamde.
265
•
•
ar amoavsoT bunebrivi xramisa da drenaJebis sadeni
arxebi. gansakuTrebiT mSrali adgilebi, CadeviT milsadenebi
gadasceT iSviaTi maRali CanCqeris SemTxvevebi.
raTa
moWrisa dasevsebis saWiroeba daWaobebul adgilebi minimumamde
daiyvaneT.
drenaJisa da Carecxvis kontroli
•
daamontaJeT sadrenaJo nagebobebi mSeneblobis periodSi. yvelaze
meti gzebTan asocirebuli
Camorecxva xdeba pirvel wels
mSeneblobis Semdgom. drenaJis sistemebis damontaJebis gadadeba
sagrZnoblad zrdis Camorecxvisa da dazianebis risks am periodSi.
•
gamoiyeneT gare Txrilebi raTa aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi
gaakontroloT zedapiruli wyali, magram Tavi aarideT mis zogad
gamoyenebas radgan isini axdenen wylis dinebis koncentracias da
moiTxovs rom gza iyos minimum erTi metriT farTe. SeqmeniT
struqturebi, gaiyvaneT bermebi an Txrilebi, raTa wyali gavides
gzidan arxebSi.
•
daamontaJeT xSiri gadamyvani struqturebi, rogoricaa wylis
kalapotebi, raTa wyali gadavides gzidan da Seamciros wylis
dagubeba.
•
daamontaJeT drenaJis gadasasvlelebi raTa wyali gavides mTaSi
mimavali gzidan qveviTken mimavali gzis mxares. Tu gamoiyenebT
sadrenaJo milsadenebs, daicaviT miRebuli zomebi da standartebi.
sadac Znelia gansazRvro dineba, gamoiyeneT foni, da daferdebebi
romelsac SeuZlia gauZlos nebismieri dinebas da ara midrekili
gaWedvis mimarT
•
gamSvebi Txrilebis mowyoba (SigniT da gareT) patara qvis wvrili
RorRiT, da / an horizontalurad moTavsebuli vegetaciis barierebi
raTa daixarjos energia da xeli SeeSalos wyalsadinari arxebis
Seqmnas an gafarToebas.
•
daamontaJeT drenaJis gamosarTavebi xSiri intervalebiT da gaWimeT
gamosarTavi wyalsadinari sakmaod Sors raTa wyalma SeZlos miwaSi
Tanabrad Casvla.
•
gaakeTeT drenaJis Txrilebi an bermebi mTisken mimaval ferdobebze
raTa wyali gaedinos gzidan Sors.
•
vizualuri adgilis Semowmeba drenaJis problemebisaTvis, maT Soris
wylis akumulacia gzis zedapirebze, gansakuTrebiT pirveli didi
wvimebis Semdeg Semdgomi reabilitacia wvimiani sezonis damTavrebis
Semdeg.
•
drenaJis struqturebisa da Txrilebis maT Soris sadrenaJo milebis
monitoringi da maTi SenarCuneba. sadrenaJo milebisa da arxebis
gasufTaveba leqis gamodevna.
•
daamontaJeT droebiTi Camorecxvis makontrolebeli maxasiaTeblebi
rodesac mudmivis damontaJeba igvianebs. gamoiyeneT Camorecxvis
266
gamakontrolebeli RonisZiebebi
bermebi an barierebi.
•
iseTi, rogoricaa Tivis Sekvrebi,
mcenareebis dargviT ferdobebi gaamyareT. imuSaveT agronomebTan
erTad raTa daadginoT adgilobrivi saxeobebi, SeafasoT fesvis
siZliere, daadginoT adgilmdebareobis Sesabamisoba. SeqmeniT
sanergeebi proeqtis farglebSi. arAgamoiyeneT araadgilobrivi
vegetacia.
masalis gatana
•
moSaleT Zvel gzebze zedapiris masalebi. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi
moacileT da gaTavisufldiT zedapiris masalebsgan (mag. asfalti), da
adrindeli bilikis gafxvierebuli niadagsgan raTa daaCqaroT
vegetaciis regeneracia.
•
moaxdineT im narCenebis segregacia romelic SeiZleba xelaxla iqnas
gamoyenebuli an gadamuSavebuli
•
narCeni masalebis saTanado adgilas gatana.
•
narCeni masalebis damarxvis minimumamde dayvana.
•
Tu narCenebi daimarxeba adgilze, moerideT samarxi ormoebis
sasmeli wylis wyaroebis zemoT ganlagebas, rogoricaa Webi. ormoebi
unda mopirkeTebuli iyos uJonav masalebisgan (mag. Tixa an celofani)
•
Tu narCenebi samSeneblo obieqtze Caifloba, moerideT samarxi
ormoebis ganTavsebas iq, sadac gruntis wylebis done maRalia an
miwisqveSa geologiuri warmonaqmnebi gruntis wylis dabinZurebis
saSiSroebas qmnis. Tu ar aris alternatiuli adgili maTi
ganTavsebisaTvis darwmundiT, rom ormobi aRWurvilia gaumtari
masaliT.
mavne masalebi
•
ar gamoiyenoT azbestis Semcveli masala USAID-is mier
dafinansebul proeqtebSi.
•
ar gamoiyenoT herbicidebi USAID- is mier dafinansebul proeqtebSi
winaswari werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe.
•
ganaTavseT gamxsnelebi, sapoxi masalebi, navTobi, da sxva naxevrad
saSiSi da saSiSi siTxeebi moniSnul adgilas saTanado meoradi
tevadoba rom ar daiRvaros. SeamowmeT tvirTis sawyobi rezervuarebis
da cilindrebis sisufTave, da damcavi sarqveli navTobisa da
sawvavis maragze.
•
aaSeneT saTanado saTavso nagebobebi tvirTis sawyobi rezervuarebis
da masalis sawyobebis garSemo, raTA Tavidan aiciloT wylis nakadis
Serweva .
•
moepyariT, SeinaxeT, ixmareT da daamuSaveT safirmo masalebi
mwarmoeblis instruqciebis da rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad.
•
SeadgineT protokolebi transportis remontis aobaze, im SemTxvevaSi
Tu saWiroa misi SekeTeba da sawvaviT momarageba sadme sxvagan an Tu
saWiro gaxda misi gadaxurva gaumtari zedapiriT , magaliTad
267
plastikatiT. ar dauSvaT sarisko masalebis danestianeba. daakaveT
gaJonvebi qsoviliT an xis CaqlibiT. dawviT gamoyenebuli sawvavi,
romlis meoradi gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba, romelic ar Seicavs mZime
metalebs da aalebadia.
•
miiReT specialuri zomebi namsxvrevebis, navTobis, sawvavis, qviSis
cementis da msgavsi saziano masalis gaJonvis / danestianebis TAvidan
asacileblad.
•
daamontaJeT cementis Suasadebi, drenaJis arxebi da navTobis/wylis
gamyofebi im adgilebSi sadac regularulad Catardeba transportisa
da mowyobilobis remonti da sawvaviT momarageba
•
Tavidan aicileT sawvavis rezervuarebis gaJonva monitoringis da
sawvavis doneebis, gadazidvebis da xmarebis SemowmebiT, SeamowmeT
milebi da sakvanZeebi gaJonvaze, SeamWidroveT generatoris sawvavis
xazebi da ar dauSvaT mTAvari sawyobis da transportis
rezervuarebis. gadatvirTva .
g) standartuli pirobebi wylisa da gamdinare wylebisaTvis
ganTavsebis standartuli pirobebi
•
ganaTavseT wylis momaragebis mowyobilobebi ise, rom minimumade
daviyvanoT dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba, gaviTvaliswinoT arsebuli da
SesaZlo momavali miwis gamoyenebis modeli wylis maragSi. mag: Wis
Tavis an zeda wyalgamyofis dacva.
•
ganaTavseT gamdinare wylebis mowyobilobebi ise rom minimumamde
daviyvanoT wylis maragis wyaroebis dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba, da
raTA avaridoT mosaxleoba Camorecxili wyliT motanil
dabinZurebul nivTierebebs.
•
moerideT wylis maragis da gamdinare wylebis mowyobilobebis
ganTAvsebas im adgilebSi sadac mosalodnelia wyaldidoba.
•
ar ganaTavsoT wylisa da gamdinare wylebis mowyobilobebi im
adgilebSi sadac arsebobs niadagis stabilurobis problema, iseTi
rogorcaa niadagebis Camocureba.
•
ganaTavseT gamdinare wylebis mowyobilobebi adgilobrivi
mosaxleobisagan moSorebiT.
•
aaSeneT sapirfareSoebi da msgavsi sanitaruli kvanZebi wylis Webis
qvemoT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeafaseT misi siRme miwisqveSa wylebis
donesTan sezonuri meryeobis CaTvliT. sapirfareSoebi ar unda
aSendes adgilebSi sadac miwisqveSa wylebis done mcirea an
zedapiruli naleqebi wyals dabinZurebis saSiSroebas uqmnian.
•
SeimuSaveT masalebis ganTavsebis delikaturi strategia, romelic
iTvaliswinebs Tu ra gavlenas moaxdens masalebis ganTavseba xeebze,
Waobian adgilebze da mdinareebze, mcenareebze da cxovelebze, da
mniSvnelovan istoriul da arqeologiur resursebze. moerideT an
SeamsubuqeT mavne zemoqmedeba am resursebze.
proeqtirebis standartuli pirobebi
268
•
daaproeqteT wylis momaragebis mowyobilobebi ise, rom daculi iyos
wylis xarisxi, minimumade iyos dayvanili dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba,
da maqsimalurad SeamcireT maTi eqsploataciis da remontis xarjebi.
•
daproeqteT gamdinare wylebis mowyobilobebi ise rom minimumamde
daviyvanoT wylis maragis dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba da ar
davuSvaT misi moxmareba adamianebis mier, da maqsimalurad SeamcireT
maTi remontisa da eqsploataciis xarjebi.
•
maqsimalurad SeamcireT kanalizaciis gamtarobis unari romelic
Tavs iCens misi SeerTebisas gamdinare wylebis axali milebis da
arxevis nagebobasTan.
•
Sadac sapirfareSoebia aSenebuli, gamoiyeneT gaumjobebsebuli
ventilaciis sistema, romelic agvacilebs infeqciis gadamtani
mwerebis gavrcelebas.
standartuli samSeneblo pirobebi
•
daaweseT da daicaviT mSeneblobis grafiki romelic amcirebs
mSeneblobis adgilas mimdinare Cveuli aqtivobebis Sewyvetas.
•
gaagzavneT mSeneblobis grafiki da transportis moZraobis ganrigi
mSeneblobis moedanze.
•
satvirTo manqanebi da sxva mSeneblobisaTvis aucilebeli danadgarebi
gamoyeneT ise rom minimumamde Semcirdes xmauri, sagzao moZraobis
Seqyveta da mtveri
•
SeimuSaveT da ganaxorcieleT muSebis janmrTelobis da
usafrTxoebis zomebi rogorc mSeneblobis ise remontisa da
eqspluataciis etapebze.
•
adgilebSi sadac garemos SesaZloa ziani miayenoT, aucilebelia
dokumentacia da foto masala rekonstruqciamde da mSeneblobis
Semdeg.
•
Tavidan aicileT gruntis Cawola da mSeneblobis stabilizaciis
problemebi saZirkvelis swori amoTxriT da gruntis rezervis
sworad moxmarebiT.
•
amovsebisas erideT segregirebuli masalebis jibeebs, unda iyos
kargad profilirebadi masalebi, romelTa dakompaqteba moxdeba
aRierebuli standartebis mixedviT.
•
ormoebis da karierebis amovseba obieqtis datovebamde, Tu araa
alternatiuli gegma mocemuli obieqtisTvis.
•
ar dauSvaT gruntis rezervSi wylis nakadis SeRweva.
•
daaweseT droebiTi wylis Camorecxvis kontroli da nalewebis
Sekavebi zomebi rodesac mudmivi naleqebi an uvargisia an SeCerebuli.
•
ganaTavseT droebiT sanitaruli kvanZebi mSeneblobis adgilas
•
SeadgineT protokolebi transortis remontis Taobaze, raTaA
akontroloT zeTiT, navTobiT an sawvaviT dabinZureba.
269
•
aaSeneT Semkrebi arxebi, navTobis an Slamis Sesakaveblad, kerZod im
adgilebis garSemo sadac xdeba transportis garecxva da misi
sawvaviT momarageba.
•
aaSeneT saTanado saTavso nagebobebi tvirTis maragis sawyobebis da
masalis sawyobebis garSemo maTSi wylis nakadis SeRWevis Tavidan
asacileblad.
•
aaSeneT rezurvuarebi an sxva gamyofebi SlamiT saves masalebisaTvis
sanam davuSvebT maTi mniSvnelovani nakadis SeRwevas mdinareSi.
•
ar daabinZuroT wylis arxebi samSeneblo masalebiT.
•
SeZlebisdagvarad dafareT dagrovili samSeneblo masalebi.
•
SeamcireT damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis gavrceleba.
•
moepyariT, SeinaxeT, ixmareT da daamuSaveT safirmo masalebi
mwarmoeblis instruqciebis da rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad.
•
gamoiyeneT saRebavi, saprialebeli masala romelic ar Seicavs tyvias.
•
SeamcireT gamxsnelis Semcveli saRebavis gamoyeneba
•
SemoiReT zomebi mSeneblobis adglze warmoqmnili nagavis
kontrolisTvis da SemcirebisaTvis.
•
gamoyaviT narCenebi romelTa xelmeore gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia
•
waiReT nagavi saTanado adgilobri nagavsayrelebze.
•
SeamcireT narCenebis wva
•
Tu nagavi CaiTxreba mSeneblobis adgilas, maTi saTAve unda daifaros
gaumtari nivTierebiT (Tixa, polieTileni)
•
Tu nagavi mSeneblobis adgilas Caifloba, moerideT nagvis ormoebis
ganTavsebas iq, sadac miwisqveSa wylis done maRAlia an miwisqveSa
geologia miwis wylis dabinZurebis saSiSroebas qmnis. Tu ar aris
alternatiuli adgili maTi ganTAvsebisaTvis darwmundiT, rom ormob
aRWurvilia hermetuli masaliT.
•
moarideT dabinZurebuli wyali sabanao sarecx adgilebs.
•
gadaamuSaveT gamdinare wylebi SeZlebisdagvarad
•
adgilidan moacileT mitovebuli sadrenaJo milebi wylis
dabinZurebis TAvidan asacileblad
•
gamoiyeneT riyis qva, xreSi, an betoni saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
drenaJis struqturebis eroziia tavidan asacileblad dawesebuli
standartebis Sesabamisad.
•
awarmoeT gabzaruli sawyobi struqturebis, gatexili milsadenebis
da msgavsi struqturebis monitoringi gaJOnvis TAvidan asacileblad.
•
ar gamoiyenoT azbestis Semcveli milebi
•
SecvaleT tyviis milsadenebi da kvanZebi sasmeli wylis momaragebis
sistemaSi.
•
gauwieT saTAnado dacva Wis saTAves dabinZurebisagan.
270
•
ar dauSvaT saqoneli uSualod wylis maragTan saZovrad
•
ar misceT neba cxovelebs dalion pirdapir wylis maragebidan Tu es
maragebi SemdgomSi ar damuSavdeba.
•
sanapiro midamoebSi ar dauSvaT mlaSe wylis SeRweva da Wis
dabinZureba.
•
darwmundiT rom wvimis wyali Ceadineba Casaden milSi an Seabamis
struqturaSi.
•
gauwieT monitoringi drenaJis da Casaden milebs, ar dauSvaT maTSi
namsxvrevebis SeRWeva
•
SeagroveT da Tavidan moicileT Camdinare wylebis gadamamuSavebeli
mowyobilobebidan darCenili talaxi, daSvebuli sixSiriT.
•
talaxi daagroveT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier am miznisaTvis
gamoyofil adgilebSi .
•
SeamowmeT talaxi metalebze, paTogenebze da sxva Sesabamis
Semadgenel nawilebze mis sasuqad gamoyenebamde.
•
ganaaxleT da xelaxla dargeT mcenareebi da niadagis fena
SeZlebisdagvarad.
•
aRadgineT mcenareuloba mSeneblobis procesSi dazianebul
adgilebSi. ar SewyvitoT eroziis sawinaaRmdego zomebi sanam
mcenareulobis aRdgenis procesi ar dasruldeba.
•
SesaZlebisdagvarad, moawyveT mSeneblobis adgili adgilobrivi
pirobebis Sesabamisad.
standartuli operirebisa da eqspluataciis pirobebi
•
rogorc wesi, wylisa da gamdinare wylebis infrastruqturis
gaumjebeseba ar finansdeba Tu ar aris operirebisa da eqspluataciis
debulebebi.
•
Sida proeqtebis dros unda momzaddes operirebisa da eqspluataciis
saxelmZRvanelo sanam daiwyeba wylis an gamdinare wylebTan
dakavSirebuli operaciebi
•
miaqcieT yuradReba finansur da sistemur energiis sakiTxebs
operirebisa da eqspluataciis gegmebSi.
damatebiTi standartuli pirobebi sasaklaoebisaTvis
•
mSrali da Txevadi komponentebi gamocalkeveba (gamdinare wylebi,
sisxli da sxva siTxeebi) narCenebi gatanamde.
•
xelaxla gamoiyeneT nebismieri narCeni romelic Sesaferisad SeiZleba
iqnas gamoyenebuli
•
SeagroveT myari narCenebi konteinerebSi maT gadasagzavnad
nebadarTuli gadamuSavebis sanaxSi da Tu SesaZlebelia ganTavsebis
mowyobilobaSi.
•
daamuSaveT Txevadi Casadeni an anaerobul an aerobul tboris
sistemiT an gadagzavneT gamdinare wylebis gadamuSavebis
271
mowyobilobaSi, romelic SeZlebs am specialuri nivTierebebis
damuSavebas.
damatebiTi standartuli pirobebi jandacvis klinikebisa da samedicino
dawesebulebebisTvis
•
ar CauSvaT saSiSi da qimiuri narCenebi kanalizaciebis sistemebSi.
•
SevagrovoT da movaSoroT narCenebi pacientebs romlebis
mkurnaloben toqsikuri wamlebiT.
•
ganacalkeveT da desinfeqcia gaukeTeT qoleriani avadmyofebis
ganavals Carecxvamde.
•
dezinfeqcia gaukeTeT sisxls mis kanalizaciaSi Carecxvamde Tu ar
aris gamdinare wylebis adeqvaturi gadamuSavebis mowyobiloba.
•
wylis xsnari, SedarebiT msubuqi farmacevtuli naerTebi, rogoricaa
vitaminis xsnarebi, xvelebis sawinaaRmdego sirofebi, Sidavenuri
xsnarebi, Tvalis wveTebi (magram ara antibiotikebi) SeiZleba gaixsnas
wylis did raodenobaSi da Semdeg CAirecxos Sesabamis sakanalizacio
sistemebSi.
•
dauSvebelia qimiuri narCenebis Camarxva sadac aris gruntis wylis
dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba.
d) standartuli pirobebi mcire zomis sarwyavi proeqtebisaTvis
sarwyavi sistemis gaumjobeseba
rogorc wesi, mcire zomis sarwyavi proeqtebi unda iyos daproeqtebuli ise
rom miaRwios an xeli Seuwyos zogierT an yvela qvemoT xsenebul miznebs:
•
wylis ukeTesi menejmenti, romelic moicavs wylis maRAl efeqturobas
da ufro cota wylis danakargs.
•
wylis ukeTesi xarisxi.
•
naklebi leqis warmoSoba.
•
naklebi Carecxva.
•
naklebi datborva niadagis salinizacia.
•
gaumjobesebuli sarwyavi sistema misi SenarCuneba.
•
jansaRi pirobebi derivaciaze momuSave muSaxelisaTvis .
specifikuri qmedebebi romelic SeiZleba iqnas gamoyeneuli raTa Tavidan
aviciloT an SevamciroT garemoze uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba mcire masStabis
saderivacio proeqtebiT rogoricaa:
wylis gamoyenebis
efeqturoba
•
wylis kontrolis gaumjobeseba arxiTa da kaSxlis kargi proeqtiT.
•
ar dauSvaT namsxvrevebis SeRweva arxebSi, regulatorebSi, modulebSi
da wylis nakadebSi.
•
wylis maragis damateba sadac wyali sezonurad klebulobs.
•
wylis siRrmis konsistenciis gaumjobeseba miwis gaTanabreba
272
•
darwmundiT mosavlis vargisianobaSi xelmisawvdomi wylis maragis
mixedviT
•
miwis wylis cxrilebis monitoringi morwyvisas.
•
termerebisa da sistemis operatorebis treiningi Tu rogor
gaaumjobeson wylis gamoyenebis efeqturoba.
wylis danakargi
•
SeZlebisdagvarad gamoiyeneT sawveTi sarwyavi.
•
SeZlebisdagvarad gamoiyeneT milsadeni, arxebis magivrad.
•
kanalebis gamoyenebisas, SeimuSaveT standartebi romelic amcirebs
aorTqlebas
•
daaproeqteT SedarebiT viwro da Rrma arxebi
•
daxureT Ria arxebi.
•
SemoxazeT arxebi raTa SeamciroT wylis danakargi filtraciis
meSveobiT.
•
arxebSi sisufTavis dacviT da maTSi mcenareulobis aRmocenebis
sawinaaRmdego zomebis miRebiT, SeamcireT jamuri aorTqleba.
•
awarmoeT gabzaruli arxebis, datvreuli milsadenebis da msgavsi
infrastruqturis monitoringi da SekeTeba gaJonvis Tavidan
asacileblad.
•
SeamcireT aorTqleba centralur sayrden wertilebze da sarwyav
sistemebSi da morwyeT dRis yvelaze gril dros .
•
CautareT treiningi fermerebsa da sistemis operatorebs da aswavleT
Tu rogor Seamciron wylis danakargi.
wylis xarisxi
•
gamoiyeneT proeqtirebis standartebi romelic amcirebs naleqebis
dagrovebas sarwyav wyalSi.
•
wylis xarisxis parametrebis dadgena da monitoringi maTi zianis
dadgena mosavalze da adamianebis janmrTelobaze
•
CautareT treiningebi fermerebsa da sistemis operatorebs imaSi Tu
rogor unda gaaumjobeson wylis xarisxi.
erozia
•
gamoiyeneT terasireba da msgavsi teqnika miwis zedapiris eroziis
Sesamcireblad
•
dagegmeT mowyobilobebi romelTa saSualebiTac SeZlebT eroziis
Semcireba iq sadac es problemas warmoadgens (mag sadrenaJo milebi,
gradientis Seqmna, sakontrolo nagebobebi).
•
CautareT treiningi fermerebs da aswavleT Tu rogor Seamciron
miwisa da mowyobilobebis erozia
datborva da damarilianeba
•
gruntis wylis donis da marilianobis monitoringi.
273
•
gamoiyeneT Sesasxurebeli an sawveTi sarwyavi sistema sadac
SesaZlebelia.
•
sistemis drenaJis gaumjobeseba
•
fermerebis treiningi raTa gaacnobieron datborvis da
damarilianebis problemebi.
operireba da eqspluatacia
•
rogorc wesi, dafinanseba sairigacio infrastruqturis
gasaumjobeseblad ar unda ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi operirebisa da
eqspluataciis debulebebis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
•
daaweseT saeqspluatacio momsaxurebis saTanado grafiki
inspeqciisaTvis da angariSis CabarebisaTvis.
•
periodulad gadaixedos sistemis komponentebi raTa davrwmundeT rom
igi Seesabameba Tavdapirveli teqnikuri proeqtis kriteriumebs
efeqturi operirebisTvis da wylis Tanabari wylis
gadanawilebisaTvis.
•
momzaddes operirebisa da eqspluataciis saxelmZRvanelo
mizanSewonilia, sanam sarwyavi sistema amuSavdeba.
•
operirebisa da eqspluataciis gegmebi mimarTuli unda iyos finansur
da sistemis energo sakiTxebze.
sadac
adamianis janmrTeloba
•
wyalTan dakavSirebuli daavadebebis gadamtanebi sarwyavi sistemasTan
asociaciaSi da sistemis gaumjobesebis proeqti am gadamtanebis
Sesamcireblad
•
argamoiyenoT sairigacio wyali sasmelad.
•
gaiyvaneT arxebi da Txrilebi
•
dafareT, an milebSi gauSviT wyali sadac SesaZlebelia.
•
Tavidan aicileT Waobis an damdgari wylis Cadineba iq, sadac
vegetacia da daavadebis veqtorebi gacilebiT advilad yalibdeba.
•
gamoiyeneT misadagebis Sefardeba damdgari wylis adgilebis
warmoSobis Tavidan asacileblad .
•
ar dauSvaT arxebSi sarevela balaxis, naleqebisa da lokokinebis
gaCena.
•
aqtiurad akontroleT daavadebis gadamtanebi.
•
fermerebisa da sistemis operatorebis treiningi raTa maT icodnen da
gamoiyenon sistemebis maxasiaTeblebi, ramac sesaZloa uaryofiTad
imoqmedos adamianis janmrTelobaze.
sarwyavi sistemis sxva pirobebi
•
arxebis daproeqteba dinebis Sesabamisi siCqaris SesanarCuneblad.
•
dagegmeT arxTan misasvlelebi gawmendis, naleqis mocilebis da
daavadebis gadamtanebze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad.
274
•
dagegmeT arxis gadamkveTi struqturebi Sesabamisi intervalebiT.
•
arxis dabal boloSi dagegmeT farebis damontaJeba dreanajisTvis.
•
ar gamoiyenoT azbestis Semcveli masalebi USAID-is mier
dafinansebuli proeqtebisTvis.
•
mimwodebel sistemaSi SecvaleT tyviis milebi da SeerTebebis
adgilebi.
e) xxva standartuli samSeneblo pirobebi
samSeneblo grafikis SemuSaveba da Sesruleba, rac samuSao obieqtze
normaluri saqmianobis uwyvetobas uzrunvelyofs.
•
gaakariT samSeneblo da Secvlili saavtomobilo gadaadgilebis
ganrigi obieqtze.
•
moaxdineT satvirTo manqanebis moZraobis da sxva samSeneblo
saqmianobis koordinacia xmauris saavtomobilo moZraobisa da
mtvris warmoqmnis minimumamde dasayvanad.
•
iq, sadac SeiZleba warmoiqmnas mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba garemoze,
gadaiReT mSeneblobis win da misSemdgom mdgomareobis fotosuraTebi.
•
ormoebis amovsebisas unda veridoT segregirebuli masalis jibeebs,
masala unda iyos kargad profilirebuli da dadgenili standartebis
Sesabamisad dakompaqtebuli.
•
gamoiyeneT eroziis sakontrolo da naleqis Semakavebeli droebiTi
zomebi, Tu mudmivi araa xelmisawvdomi an gadadebulia.
•
gamoiyeneT milis Casadebi Sesabamisi masalebi da saTanadod dafareT
milsadeni.
•
saWiroebisamebr gamoiyeneT damsxvreuli qvebi, xreSi an betoni
gdinebis adgilas sadrenaJo struqturebis eroziis Tavidan
asacileblad dadgenili standartebis mixedviT.
•
ar dauSvaT, rom cxovelebma wyali dalion pirdapir wylis
wyaroebidan.
•
sanapiro zonebSi uzrunvelyaviT dasaSvebi daSoreba mlaSe wylis
SemoWrisa da Wis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad.
•
darwmundiT, rom daRvrili da wvimis wyali Caedineba Semwov
sadinarSi an eqvivalentur struqturaSi.
•
aRadgineT mSeneblobisas dazianebuli mcenareuli safari. ar moxsnaT
eroziis sawinaaRmdego sakontrolo saSualebebi, mcenareuli safaris
aRdgenamde.
•
ramdenadac praqtikulad misaRebia, moawyveT samSeneblo obieqtebi
adgilobrivi pirobebis Sesabamisad
eqskavacia/ karierebi
•
Tavdapirvelad gamoiyeneT gzis moWridan miRebuli masala vinaidan
igi warmoqmnis gamZle kompleqss rogorc zedapiris stabilizaciis
aseve Camorecxvis kontrolisaTvis da aris Zalian iafi.
•
Sesabamisad ganaTavseT Robe gaTxrili karierebis garSemo.
275
•
darwmundiT rom eqskavacias Tan axlavs kargad-daproeqtebuli
drenaJi TxrilSi Cadinebis gasakontroleblad. .
•
SeimuSaveT specialuri procedurebi zedapiruli gruntis Sesanaxad
da ormos daxurvisa da formis aRdgenisTvis gaTxriTi samusaoebis
dasrulebis Semdeg. CarTeT gegmebi segregaciuli xreSis da
karieridan miRebuli masalis samomavlo gamoyenebisTvis aTvis
xarisxiani da SesaZlebeli gamoyenebis SesaZleblobiT
momavalSi. sadac saWiroa, CarTeT vegetaciis aRdgenis RonisZiebebi
dargvisa da daTesvis gziT, niadagis eroziis da gaadsdeni
adgilebis warmoqmnis Sesamcireblad da vizualuri efeqtis
gamosasworeblad.
•
adgilobriv TemTan karieris ormoebis SenarCunebis sakiTxi wylis
dasagrovebel gubeebad marcvleulis mosarwyavad an msgavsi
moxmarebisaTvis. Ddaavadebis gadacemis sakiTxebi da ormoSi
dagrovili wylis moxmarebis akrZalva adamianisaTvis, xolo dabanvisa
da tanisamosis gasarecxad moxmareba unda wamoiwios pirvel planze.
•
aRadgineT adgili ise rom igi gamosadegi iyos xangZlivi
gamoyenebisaTvis
mopovebiTi samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg.
•
amoavseT da/ an aRadgineT karierebi da qvis samtexloebi obieqtis
masalebis Senaxva da mopyroba
•
daadgineT adgilebi gaTxriTi samuSaoebis Sedegad amoRebuli da
samSeneblo masalebis droebiTi /mudmivi SenaxvisaTvis.
•
wylis arxebis samSeneblo masalebiT dabinZurebisagan dacva.
•
SeadgineT protokolebi transportis remontisaTvis, cximiT, zeTiT da
sawvaviT dabinmZurebis kontrolisaTvis.
•
koleqciuri arxebis aSeneba romelsac mivyavarT zeTis da / an SlamiT,
kerZod garSemo farTi romelic gamoiyeneba manqanis gasarecxad an
sawvavis Casasxmelad.
•
Seasbamisi Semakavebeli nagebobis aSeneba maragis didi rezervuarebis da
masalis Sesanaxi adgilis garSemo, sawyobis gaJonvisgan dasacavad.
•
rezervuarebis an sxva gamyofebis aSeneba Slamiani masalisaTvis maTi
wylis nakadSi gaSvebamde.
•
SesaZleblobisdagvarad dafareT dalagebululi samSeneblo masalebi.
•
SeamcireT miwimiwis dabinZurebis gavrceleba
•
qarxnuli masalebis gadacema, Senaxva, gamoyeneba da damuSaveba
mwarmoeblis instruqciebisa da rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad.
•
samSeneblo narCenebis segregacia, rac SeiZleba iqnas gadarCenili,
xelaxla gamoyenebuli.
•
samSeneblo narCeni masalebis Sesabamis adgilze waReba.
•
narCeni masalebis damarxvis minimumamde dayvana.
276
•
Tu samSeneblo narCeni daimarxeba obieqtze, samarxi ormo ar unda iyos
sasmeli wylis wyaroebidan, rogoricaa Webi, zemoT
ganlagebuli. Txrilebi unda daifaros gaumtari masaliT (mag: Tixa an
polieTileni).
•
Tu samSeneblo narCeni daimarxeba obieqtze ar amoTxaroT samarxi
ormoebi iq, sadac gruntis wylis done aris maRali an miwisqveSa
geologiurma warmonaqmnebma SesaZloa daabinZuros gruntis wyali.
•
Tu xelmisawvdomi ar aris alternatiuli adgili, darwmundiT rom
Txrilebi amopenilia gaumtari masaliT.
adamianis jamrTelobisa da muSa xelis usafrTxoeba mSeneblobis periodSi
•
muSebis saTanado usafrTxoebis
•
muSebis dacva dazianebebisagan an Camovardnili qvebisgan, niadagis
dacurebisagan da mewyerisgan.
•
gamoikvlieT mSeneblobis adgilidan moSorebuli teritoria personalis
gansaTavseblad.
•
SeinarCuneT banakis minimaluri zoma.
•
mSenebare obieqtebze droebiTi sanitaruli nagebobebis gakeTeba.
•
pirveli daxmarebis aRmoCenis saSualeba obieqtze
aRWurvilobiT uzrunvelyofa.
277
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myofi saxeobebis nusxa, 2000.
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www.statistics.ge
280

likhauri gasification project

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