Critical Encyclopedia of Re-use and Restoration of Twentieth
Transcript
Critical Encyclopedia of Re-use and Restoration of Twentieth
CUS – Swiss Cooperation Project in Architecture Project review Critical Encyclopedia of Re-use and Restoration of XXth Century Architecture AAM, EPFL, ETHZ, SUPSI, AdM Mendrisio, 15th September 2010 SUSTAINABILITY IN ARCHITECTURE = Bioclimatic architecture = Use of renewable energy sources =… = Recycling, reuse of what already exists: REUSE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS Critical Encyclopedia of Re-use and Restoration of XXth-Century Architecture = systematic inventory of topics related to XXth century buildings as objects of guardianship = critical reflection on the state of the art of culture and practice of XXth century building reuse and restoration Subject domains: Theory and history of re-use and restoration Theory and history of XXth century architecture Material history of buildings History of urban design Documentation, decay, diagnosis and intervention techniques Target: Professionals Scholars: MA level MAS level (3d level courses) PhD level I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI (AAM, AdM) 1. History of XXth century preservation: theory and practice Entries and case studies 2. Critical tools for XXth century architectural history geared towards preservation Entries and case studies II. Material history of buildings and preservation design – EPFL/USI 3. XXth century construction materials, techniques and conservation issues Critical introduction and monographic studies 4. Documentary history of building structures in engineering and architecture Critical introduction and monographic studies 5. Building services and engineering, from artificial comfort to energy retrofitting Critical introduction and monographic studies III. Historical-critical tools for urban preservation – ETHZ 6. Documentary history and theory of urban preservation Entries and case studies IV. Tools and methods for preservation practice – SUPSI 7. Documentation Entries and case studies 8. Decay: diagnosis and intervention techniques Entries, illustrated glossary and case studies 9. Project and works management in preservation Entries and case studies Strengths - Heterogeneous and collective dimension of the research, developed by an international team of researchers from different backgrounds (architecture, history, engineering, etc.) - Cumulative character of the knowledge developed by the research team - … Weaknesses - Ambitious goal of the proposed project and the difficulty in calibrating it to available resources Limitations of the research scope - Geographic scope - General organisation (external cooperation, seminars, etc.) - Articulation by entries and case studies Chronological program / Timeline based on the commitments and possibilities of the researchers involved Chronological Program 2009 Sep Oct 2010 Nov Dec Jan Feb 2011 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 2012 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Phase 1 "Documentation and Organisation" Review of the “state of the art” for each section Phase 2 "Further research and synthesis" Drafting of entries/essays and case studies/monographic studies Phase 3 "Editing" Preparation of texts and documentation (illustrations, drawings) for the printed version Issues identified by the Scientific Committee Assessment 1- Start the production of text samples Production of text samples has started: 2 case studies attached to the assessment-report. Issue n. 1 – Text samples. Current state of progress Section I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI Resp. prof. Reichlin, USI Researchers: Roberta Grignolo, Dorothea Deschermeier Entries + 30 Case-studies The notion of authenticity - Duiker, Bijvoet, Zonnestraal Sanatorium, Hilversum, 1927-31 - Haefeli, Moser, Steiger, Eternit Headquarters, Niederurnen, 1954-55 - Jean Tschumi, Nestle Headquarters, Vevey, 1960 - Loos, Building in Michaelerplatz, Vienna, 1910 - Gaudì, Güell Park, Barcelona, 1900-14 - Lopez, Réby, Caisse d’Allocations Familiales, Paris, 1955-59 - Hannes Meyer, ADGB Schule, Bernau (Berlino), 1928-30 Monument restoration and Museification (private residences) - Brinkman, Van der Vlugt, Sonneveld House, Rotterdam, 1933 - Portaluppi, Villa Necchi-Campiglio, Milano, 1932-35 - Adolf Loos, Mueller Villa, Prague, 1928-30 Time stratifications - Le Corbusier, Residential district in Pessac, Gironde, 1923-26 - Le Corbusier, Maison Blanche, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1912 - Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1923-24 - Gropius, Bauhaus Building, Dessau, 1925-26 Large scale industrial sites. Planning and management over time - Brinkman, Van der Vlugt, Van Nelle Factory, Rotterdam, 1926-31 - Schupp, Kremmer, Zeche Zollverein (Schachtanlage XII), Essen,1928-30 "Abords des monuments" - Le Corbusier, Chapelle de Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, 1950-55 Unwanted monuments, Monuments with a political connotation - Hans Dollgast, Altes Pinakothek, München - Graffunder, Swora, Kulturpalast o Palast der Republik, Berlin, 1976 Reconstructions - Mies van der Rohe, German Pavilion, Barcelona, 1929 - Erich Mendelsohn, Mosse Haus, Berlin, 1921-23 - Le Corbusier, Esprit Nouveau Pavillion, Paris, 1925 - Le Corbusier/Oubrerie, Eglise de Saint Joseph, Firminy, 1963/2006 Representative typologies and building genres (Gattung) - Reuse of office buildings: Haefeli, Moser, Steiger, Hochhaus zur Palme, Zurigo, 1956-64; H. Koella, Office Building in Weinbergstrasse, Zurigo, 1972 - Reuse and adaptation of residential buildings, Zurich, around 1960 Updating of original functions - Vicariot, Aéréport Orly-Sud, Paris, 1957-61 - Egender, Hallenstadion, Zurich, 1939 - Suvretta Hotel, Saint Moritz, 1912-15 Specific restoration issues - Van Doesburg, Arp, Tauber, Café Aubette, Strasbourg, 1926 - Mallet-Stevens, Villa Cavroix, Croix, 1929-32 - F.L. Wright, "Fallingwater", Mill Run, Pennsylvania, 1935-39 Restauration, regulations and exemptions - Le Corbusier, Maison La Roche, Paris, 1923 - Steger and Egender, Kunstgewerbeschule, Zürich, 1933 Section I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI Brinkman, Van der Vlugt, Van Nelle Factory, Rotterdam, 1926-31 Section I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI Haefeli, Moser, Steiger, Hochhaus zur Palme, Zurich, 1956-64 H. Koella, Office Building in Weinbergstrasse, Zurich, 1972 Section I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI Van Doesburg, Tauber, Arp, Café Aubette, Strasbourg, 1926 Issue n. 1 – Text samples. Current state of progress Section I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI Entries - Entries which introduce or link different parts - Theoretical Entries A list of entries and authors (internal and external) has been prepared (annexe A of assessment report). - Essays on restoration in the main countries: Authors: Adolph Stiller (Austria), Bernard Toulier (France), Michael Petzet (Germany), Marieke Kuipers (Netherlands), Margherita Guccione (Italy), etc. - Essays on XXth century preservation institutions: Authors: Lodovico Folin Calabi (UNESCO), Eduard Müller, Ruggero Tropeano (ICOMOS), Ana Tostoes (DoCoMoMo International), etc. - Essays on XXth century inventories: Autori: Lodovico Folin Calabi (UNESCO), Georg Germann (national Swiss inventories: INSA, ISOS, IFP, IVHS), François Goven, Sylvie Denante ("Label Patrimoine XX siècle" and inventory of the Région PACA, France). - Essays on specific topics: Mariel Polman, Restoration of Polychromy Arthur Ruegg, Restoration of Le Corbusier's Interiors … Chronological program: essay assignments by Feb 2001, to have first essays by Dec 2011, last essays by Feb 2012. Issue n. 1 – Text samples. Current state of progress Section II. Material history of buildings and preservation design – EPFL/USI Resp. prof. Graf, EPFL/USI Researchers: Francesca Albani, Yvan Delemontey, Giulia Marino Introductory essays + 35 Monographic studies Edificio per uffici della Montecatini, Gio. Ponti, Milano, 1935-1939 Shell Haus, Emil Fahrenkamp, Berlin, 1930-1932 Palazzo delle Poste, Giuseppe Vaccaio, Napoli, 1928-1936 Finlandia Hall, Alvar Aalto, 1967/1971 IG Farben Fabrik, Hans Poelzig, Frankfürt, 1928-1931 Alusuisse, Hans Hoffmann, Zürich, 1955-1956 Pavillon de l’Aluminium, Jean Prouvé, Paris, 1954 Ca’ Brütta, Giovanni Muzio, Milano, 1919-1922 Olivetti Training Center, James Stirling, Haslemere, 1969-1972 Olympiastadion, Frei Otto, Munich, 1972 Eternit AG, Niederurnen, 1954, 1964 Tour Nobel, De Mailly, Depussé, Prouvé, La Défense-Paris, 1964-1966 Cité du Lignon, Addor, Julliard, Payot, Genève, 1963-1971 Tour de la Bourse, Luigi Moretti, Pier Luigi Nervi, Montréal, 1964-1972 Système GEAI, Marcel Lods, Rouen, Villeurbanne, 1971-1974 Grattacielo Pirelli, Gio. Ponti, Pier Luigi Nervi, Milano, 1956-1961 Technikum, Franz Füegg, Brugg-Windisch, 1964-1966 IBM-Haus, Rolf Gutbrod, Berlin, 1960-1961 Magazzini La Rinscente, Franco Albini, Franca Helg, Roma, 1957-1961 Ilots 1, 2, 4, 5, Orléans (FR), Pol Abraham, 1944-1949 Ensemble de la production Honegger frères, Genève, 1954-1966 Unité d'habitation, Marseille (FR), Le Corbusier, 1946-1952 Ancienne Cité administrative, Pantin (FR), Jacques Kalisz, 1964-1973 SHAPE, Fontainebleau (FR), Lods & Cammas, 1951-1953 Tour Bois-le-Prêtre, Paris (FR), Raymond Lopez, années 1960 Université libre, Berlin (D), Candilis, Josic, Woods, 1963-1974 Marburger Bausystem (D), Spieker, arch. Station de Flaine (FR), Marcel Breuer, 1959-1972 Immeuble Clarté, Genève (CH), Le Corbusier, 1931-1933 Tour Croulebarbe, Paris (FR), Edouard Albert, 1956-1961 Maison de l'Iran, Paris (FR), Parent, Foroughi, Ghiai, Bloc, 1961-1969 Ecole CLASP (UK), Hertfordshire county council,, années 1950 Ensemble de Meudon-la-Forêt, Meudon (FR), Pouillon, 1957-1962 Centre de vacances pour enfants, Mumliswil (CH), Meyer, 1937-1939 Section II. Material history of buildings and preservation design – EPFL/USI Sub-section 3. XXth century construction materials, techniques and conservation issues Gio Ponti, Montecatini Headquarters, Milan, 1935-39 Section II. Material history of buildings and preservation design – EPFL/USI Sub-section 3. XXth century construction materials, techniques and conservation issues Pol Abraham, Ilots 1, 2, 4, 5, Orléans, 1944-49 Section II. Material history of buildings and preservation design – EPFL/USI Sub-section 5. Building services and engineering, from artificial comfort to energy retrofitting Jean De Mailly, Jacques Depussé, Jean Prouvé, Tour Nobel, La Défense-Paris, 1964-66 Issue n. 1 – Text samples. Current state of progress Section III. Historical-critical tools for urban preservation – ETHZ Resp. prof. Magnago Lampugnani, ETHZ Researcher: Konstanze Domhardt Anthology of theoretical texts on urban planning issues in preservation + Key case studies / Minor case studies for each of the following 3 themes: a. The application of classical methods of heritage preservation to the urban structure – "Ensemble" I.C.O. Olivetti-Werke, since 1934 Stalinallee, since 1950 Sulzer Areal Winterthur b. Preservation and Design. The "Stadtbild" between urban preservation and city development – "Neighborhood" Grosssiedlung Britz (Hufeisensiedlung), Berlin, 1925–1933 Siedlung Neubühl, Zürich, 1928–1932 Le Havre Town Centre, since 1945 Hamburger Speicherstadt Bata-Areal, Zlín Hansaviertel, Berlin, 1953–1957 c. The City as a whole. Building preservation in "Stadtumbau" and "Stadtruckbau" – "City" Eisenhüttenstadt (Stalinstadt), since 1951 Halle-Neustadt, since 1961 Stevenage, since 1946 Vällingby, 1940 Coventry, since 1941 Section III. Historical-critical tools and urban preservation – ETHZ Bruno Taut, Grosssiedlung Britz (Hufeisensiedlung), Berlin, 1925–1933 Section III. Historical-critical tools and urban preservation – ETHZ Eisenhüttenstadt (Stalinstadt), since 1951 Issue n. 1 – Text samples. Current state of progress Section IV. Tools and methods for preservation practice – SUPSI Resp. arch. Jean, SUPSI Researcher: Alessandra Colombo Guides to intervention on main XXth century materials - Concrete - Asbestos - Pigments - Metals and metal alloys - Plastic … Each "guide to intervention" comprises leading questions, essays on the main decay phenomena, illustrated specifications on damage measurement instruments + Essays/Entries - Epiqr+ - Documentation techniques (sources database) - Survey techniques - Necessary administrative practices - Health and safety in buildings … Section IV. Tools and methods for preservation practice – SUPSI Guide to intervention - Asbestos Temi Domande guida Esito 1. Amianto: caratteri del materiale Riconoscere il materiale oggetto di studio e le sue caratteristiche Che cos’è l’amianto, Quali proprietà ha, Perché è stato usato, In quali forme è commercializzato, Perchè è pericoloso Quali normative esistono, che validità hanno, come sono cambiate negli ultimi anni, che differenze ci sono tra la Svizzera e l’Europa Testo introduttivo illustrato con foto e schemi grafici 2. Manufatti che potenzialmente contengono amianto Elenco illustrato dei manufatti suddivisi per macrotipologia e prodotti In quali parti della costruzione posso trovare l’amianto In quali manufatti Glossario illustrato dei materiali che possono contenere amianto o su cui possono esserci dei sospetti 3. Riconoscimento Analisi macroscopica Come è possibile riconoscere se un manufatto sospetto contiene amianto ? Cosa guardare e cosa osservare Quali sono, se esistono, i fattori che innescano o aggravano il degrado Testo introduttivo illustrato con foto e schemi grafici 4. Indagini diagnostiche Finalità delle indagini Indagini non invasive Indagini invasive Monitoraggi In caso di sospetto quali approfondimenti diagnostici sono necessari ? Definizione degli obiettivi e del contenuto del piano diagnostico. Esistono già dei protocolli diagnostici ? Quali normative sono in vigore ? Sono valide solo per la Svizzera ? Che cosa succede in Europa ? Dove e come vengono eseguite le analisi ? Finalità, potenzialità e limiti delle indagini possibili Testo introduttivo illustrato con foto e schemi grafici V Rimando alle schede sulle indagini diagnostiche V Rimando alla scheda di rilievo del degrado 5. Gravità del degrado Valutare la gravità dei fenomeni e i rischi ad essi correlati Come è possibile valutare il grado di urgenza di un risanamento (stato del materiale e stato di agglomerazione delle fibre) R1 agire immediatamente R2 agire a medio termine R3 agire in tempi lunghi Testo introduttivo illustrato con foto e schemi grafici 6. Forme di intervento Finalità dell’intervento Rimozione Isolamento Segregazione e Smaltimento Definizione degli obiettivi progettuali Valutazione dei pro e dei contro di diverse possibilità operative Testo introduttivo illustrato con foto e schemi grafici V Rimandi alle schede sulle tecniche di intervento 7. Controllo Controllo dell’intervento eseguito e di eventuali zone critiche Monitoraggio Cosa voglio controllare ? Quali sono le zone critiche ? Come eseguo i controlli ? Con quale frequenza ? Testo introduttivo illustrato con foto e schemi grafici V Rimando alle schede di controllo e di manutenzione Section IV. Tools and methods for preservation practice – SUPSI Guide to intervention - Pigments Emil Fahrenkamp, Monte Verità Hotel, Ascona 1929 Observation Sampling Laboratory Analysis (stratigraphy, composition) Interpreting analysis results > Possible interventions Issue n. 1 – Text samples. Current state of progress Section articulation and current stage of work Section I. Historical-critical tools and preservation design – USI (AAM, AdM) Entries 30 case studies (6/30 written ones) Section II. Material history of buildings and preservation design – EPFL/USI Introductory texts 35 case studies (6/30 written ones) Section III. Historical-critical tools for urban preservation – ETHZ Anthology of texts 3-6 Case studies (1 written one) Section IV. Tools and methods for preservation practice – SUPSI Essays/entries 6 Guides to intervention (3/6 written ones) Issues identified by the Scientific Committee Assessment 1- Start the production of texts samples Production of text samples has started: 2 case studies attached to the assessment-report. 2 - Check the balance between goals and resources Issue n. 2 – Balance between goals and resources Articulation by entries/essays and case studies/monographic studies + Chronological Program 2009 Sep Oct 2010 Nov Dec Jan Feb 2011 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 2012 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Phase 1 "Documentation and Organisation" Review of the “state of the art” for each section Phase 2 "Further research and synthesis" Drafting of entries/essays and case studies/monographic studies Phase 3 "Editing" Preparation of texts and documentation (illustrations, drawings) for the printed version Issues identified by the Scientific Committee Assessment 1- Start the production of texts samples Production of text samples has started: 2 case studies annexed to the assessment-report. 2 - Check the balance between goals and resources - Articulation by entries/essays and case studies/monographic studies - Chronological Program Issues identified by the Scientific Committee Assessment 1- Start the production of texts samples Production of text samples has started: 2 case studies annexed to the assessment-report. 2 - Check the balance between goals and resources - Articulation by entries/essays and case studies/monographic studies - Chronological Program 3 - Reconsider the dissemination process: paper and on line publication Issue n. 3 – Dissemination of research outcomes On line publication vs Paper publication Advantages Advantages - It raises the accessibility of research results, and thus the visibility of the research project; - It motivates external authors to participate in our project, especially if publication is "guaranteed" by an editor; - It allows frequent updates of research contents and regular follow-up of how the disciplinary debate develops; - It fosters interactivity through the participation of the international community of researchers and creates a scientific platform. Disadvantages - It needs specific IT competencies - It needs supplementary starting funds - It needs resources for management over time (in terms of funds and researchers). - It produces tangible results of the work in terms of scientific publications for the researchers involved; - Working with an editor from an early stage allows the management of relations with external authors to be delegated, as well as "mechanical" tasks (image search, definition of editorial limits, etc). - It exploits professors and researchers involved in what they know how to do best, i.e. paper publications. Disadvantages - It needs an editor Issues identified by the Scientific Committee Assessment 1- Start the production of text samples Production of text samples started: 2 case studies annexed to the assessment-report. 2 - Check the balance between goals and resources - Articulation by entries/essays and case studies/monographic studies - Chronological Program 3 - Reconsider the dissemination process: paper and on line publication Paper publication and on line publication are complementary. No funds were allocated for publication (paper/on line) since the start-up of the project. At the end of the SCPA period we will deliver a solid research report. The "official publication" (paper or on line) will be possible after the SCPA period for several reasons: final text editing, translations, obtaining authors' rights for images, etc.