AIR-3
Transcript
AIR-3
AgroCop Conference Porano 16 october 2014 Production of big size Juglans regia L. seedlings for agroforestry 1Mariotti B., 1Maltoni A., 2Chiarabaglio P.M., 2Giorcelli A., 3Jacobs D.F., 4,5Tognetti R., 1Tani A. 1 Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agrari, Alimentari e Forestali GESAAF, Università degli Studi di Firenze 2 Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Unità di Ricerca per le Produzioni Legnose Fuori Foresta (CRA-PLF) 3 Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Purdue University, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources 4 Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università del Molise 5 The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR), Edmund Mach Foundation Corresponding author: Alberto Maltoni e-mail: [email protected] Framework Juglans regia L. can be usefully employed to Nursery stock study obtain valuable timber in agroforestry High percentages of J. regia plantations to produce quality timber have often failed objectives (critical phases: A and B) 3 containers: 2 innovative, Superoots Air-pot® 1 traditional (AIR-3 and AIR-4) Plastecnic® (PL-2) Practitioners demand for bigger seedlings: - to reduce duration of phases A and B - with morphological attributes helpful to minimize pruning from first year in field Our Juglans regia target seedling Tall >150 cm, straight, with apical dominance, absence of competitive branches and able to establish quickly AIR-3 Volume: 9.7 l Depth: 40 cm Diameter: 19 cm Volume: 5 l Depth: 20 cm Square top section width: 19 cm air-pruning grid at bottom AIR-4 Volume: 15.4 l Depth: 60 cm Diameter: 19 cm holes on walls no flat surfaces The aim of this study To study the effect of bigger containers (innovative for depth and walls air-pruning) and of longer cultivation (2 years) in nursery on seedlings morphological attributes and at field establishment 2 years in nursery (2012-2013) public forest nursery Veneto Agricoltura, Italy A similar study was carried out on Quercus robur L. too Destructive analysis on: 12 per container destructive analysis after 1 year (1y) 15 per container destructive analysis after 2 year (2y) Morphological attributes of shoot and root system -Height and annual H increments, Apical dominance, RcD -Number of First Order Lateral Root FOLR 0.1-0.3 and >0.3 -FOLR>0.3 growth direction -Dry weight (absolute and % of total) of each part of shoot and root system. -Root biomass/pot volume ratio Field trial June 3 Physiological attributes 1 year in field (2014) Height increment cm CRA-PLF Casale Monferrato AL, Italy B B 20 15 10 5 0 AB AB A A Mar Apr May AIR3 Jun Jul AIR4 Aug Sep PL2 Apical dominance PL-2 77.4% AIR-3 73.3% AIR-4 65.6% 80 seedlings in randomized blocks Biomass Excavation end of Sept 2014 Morphological attributes Height Apical dominance Stem and branch biomass RcD Root system width and depth MR and FOLR biomass according to 3 sections 20 cm deep AIR-3 Chlorophyll Content Index by CCM-200 Plus Opti-Sciences and Fluorescence by PEA Hansatech on 4 dates (9 and 27 Jun, 23 Jul, 2 Sep) 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 CCI B A A CCI PI PL-2 AIR-3 AIR-4 27 Jun 23 Jul AIR-4 140 -No evident “stress” -No differences among the plants grown in different pots (excl. CCI in June) 150 Fv PI Fv/Fm AIR-3 AIR-4 0,6 0,5 3 Sep PI (1-Vj) / Vj Area Fm Fv 0 (1-Vj) / Vj Fv/Fm Tfm Area September 3 PL-2 AIR-3 AIR-4 PL-2 Fo CCI Fm Fv 50 0 Fv / Fo RC / ABS Fo Fv / Fo RC / ABS Tfm AIR-4 100 PL-2 50 Fo CCI 0,7 23 Jul CCI July 23 PL-2 27 Jun AIR-4 100 Fv / Fo RC / ABS 3 Sep 0,8 3 Jun Fm -10 (1-Vj) / Vj Fv/Fm 0,9 AIR-3 Fo 40 AIR-3 1,0 PL-2 90 B AB A 3 Jun June 27 Fv/Fm Tfm Area PI (1-Vj) / Vj 100 Fm Fv 50 0 Fv / Fo RC / ABS Fv/Fm Tfm Area In nursery In 2 years (following the current practices) it is possible to grow balanced bigger seedlings In field g No evident physiological stress occurred AIR-3 best at establishment; AIR-4 low incH could be due to the more unbalanced shoot system/FOLR ratio (anyway the best after 3 years) General positive effect of bigger pot volume at establishment; “depth factor” must be evaluated considering water stress More tests are necessary to improve nursery practices and to evaluate field performance (>1 year) Acknowledgements The nursery study was funded by Veneto Agricoltura and nursery practices were applied by Centro Biodiversità Vegetale e Fuori Foresta (Montecchio Precalcino VI, Italy) staff. Plantation and excavation were carried out by CRA-PLF staff. Fabio Bandini, Caterina Pietrini, Stefano Teri assisted with study maintenance and lab measurements. Massimo Della Casa and Jaime Single provided containers.