agraruli saq-yda
Transcript
agraruli saq-yda
agraruli saqarTvelo vb[tlts vbofc9 vbof lfufgeht,s lf ufufs,j,s smdty8 New ახალი ISSN 1987-8729 სამეცნიერო-საინფორმაციო ჟურნალი #11 (31), ნოემბერი, 2013 ori msoflio lideri saqarTveloSia! Sps „zadeni“ rogorc Sps „agrojorjia”-s Svilobili kompania daarsda 2000wels.Tavisi daarsebidan mokle periodSi man SeZlo saqarTvelos bazarze adgilis damkvidreba da mcire xanSi moaxerxa wamyvani firmis saxelis mopoveba. Sps „zadeni“ warmoadgens pesticidebis, mineraluri sasuqebis da soflis meurneobaSi gamosayenebeli mcire teqnikis importior kompanias saqarTveloSi. amave dros kompanias gaaCnia fermerTa programuli momsaxurebis servisi. fermerTa momsaxurebis Tanamedrove centrebi: 1. kaxeTi _ (sagarejo, giorgiwminda, avtomagistralis mimdebare teritoria) — 8 maRazia 2. qvemoqarTli (marneuli _ sakolmeurneo bazris mimdebare teritoria.) — 7 maRazia 3. imereTi (zestafoni _ quTaisis avtomagistralis mimdebare teritoria) — 2 maRazia 4. Tbilis _ (didube samToqimia da samgori avtosadguris mimdebare teritoria) — 2 maRazia kompania „zadeni“-m pirvelad saqarTveloSi Semoitana da danerga mcenareTa fesvgareSe (foTlovani) kvebisaTvis gamosayenebeli mikroelementebiani sasuqebi, romelmac farTo aRiareba hpova fermerTa Soris. kompania dakompleqtebulia mcenareTa dacvis specialistebiT. firmis politika dafuZnebulia TanamSromlebis eTikasa da ndobaze rac TavisTavad ganapirobebs saqmis efeqtur marTvas. Sps „zadeni“ aris mkacrad orientirebuli Tavis momxmarebelze da maqsimalurad cdilobs daakmayofilos TiToeulis moTxovna. kompaniis mTavari mizania inovaciuri xedva da xarisxi. kompania „zadeni“ TanamSromlobs msoflio gigantebTan rogorebicaa: 1. Valagro 2. PARIKH Enterprises PVT. 3. 3. Sharda International 4. PARIJAT INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED 5. Nature SA 6. OJSC MAXAM-CHIRCHIQ 7. Ammofos-Maxam“ ОАО 8. JSC «Gomel Chemical Plant» 9. AgroBest Grup Cveni ucxoeli partniorebi udidesi warmatebiT moRvaweoben saerTaSoriso bazarze da Tavis momxmareblebs sTavazoben umaRlesi xarisxis produqcias. xarisxi da am sferoSi arsebuli mravalwliani gamocdileba aris garanti warmatebuli partniorobis da momxmarebelTa moTxovnebis sruli dakmayofilebisa. mis kostavas q #3 Tel.: +995 32 2922472 E-mail: [email protected] delavalis sawveli sistemebi fermebis ganviTarebisa da rZis warmoebis gasazrdelad delavalis mobiluri sawveli aparatebi msxvilfexa da wvrilfexa merZeuli mecxoveleobisaTvis kompania JOSKIN -is organuli sasuqis niadagSi Semtani teqnika tel./faqsi faqsi: (+995 32) 2 35 10 05; tel.: 2 34 76 33; 2 34 45 37 www.worldtechnic.ge E-mail: [email protected] arCevani, rac Tqven gWirdebaT www.maschionet.com xarisxi da saimedooba yvelgan da yovelTvis BERTOLINI mcire sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika, iaraRebi da motoblokebi Sps `msoflio teqnika~ mulCirebis agregatebis specialistebi saerTo daniSnulebis muxluxoebiani traqtori Д 57 Т is cv m e S l a el d vmuSaobT Sedegianad germanuli kompania GRIMME-s kartofilis, Warxlis da sxva bolqvovani kulturebis movla-moyvanis teqnika da teqnologiebi VALTRA -s traqtorebi Sereuli (bunebrivi gazi-dizeli) tipis sawvavis sistemiT DUALFUEL ekonomiuroba ekologiuroba mxolod dizelze muSaobis SesaZlebloba sainovacio teqnologiebi kombaini, romelsac ferdobebze marcvleulis aReba SeuZlia 12 www.worldtechnic.ge [email protected] kompania „msoflio teqnika” saqarTvelos bazarze Tanamedrove sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikisa da teqnologiebis mimwodebeli lideri kompaniaa. 2013 wels kompania „msoflio teqnika” traqtorebis, kombainebis da sxva sasoflo-sameurneo TviTmavali da misabmeli teqnikis mwarmoebeli transnacionaluri korporacia „„AGCO AGCO”-s ”-s WWW.AGCOCORP.COM warmomadgeneli gaxda. korporacia „AGCO „AGCO” masSi Semavali kompaniebiT: MASSEY FERGUSON, VALTRA VALTRA, CHALLENGER, FENDT, saqarTvelos da mTlianad kavkasiis bazrisaTvis mniSvnelovan siaxles warmoadgens. aRsaniSnavia Sveduri kompania DELAVAL DELAVAL-i -i (WWW.DE (WWW.DELAVAL.COM, VAL.COM, romelic msoflio lideria merZeuli mecxoveleobisaTvis teqnikis sruli speqtris da teqnologiebis warmoebasa da miwodebaSi, rogorc msxvili mecxoveleobis kompleqsebisaTvis, aseve saSualo da mcire zomis fermebisaTvis. kompania „msoflio teqnika”-s kidev erTi strategiuli partnioria italiuri kompania MASCHIO & GASPARDO WWW.MASCHIONET.COM, evropis lideri saTesebis, Rrmadgamafxviereblebis, Semasxureblebis, niadagis frezebis da sxva sasoflosameurneo misabmeli agregatebis miwodebaSi. garda zemoaRniSnuli kompaniebisa, dReisaTvis kompania „msoflio teqnika” saqarTveloSi warmoadgens: germanul kompania GRIMME GRIMMEs s WWW.GRIMME.COM; italiur kompania SEPPIM SEPPIMs WWW.SEPPI.COM; espanur kompania JJ BROCH BROCHs s (WWW. (WWW. JJBROCH.ES; belgiur kompania JOSKIN JOSKINs s (WWW.JOS (WWW.JOSKIN.COM; italiur korporacia EMAKs EMAK s (WWW.EMAK.IT; (WWW.EMAK.IT; kanadur kompania SHULTE SHULTE-s -s WWW.SHULTE.CA; rusul holdings АГРОМАШ-s АГРОМАШ -s WWW.AGROMH.COM da sxva kompaniebs. kompania „msoflio teqnikis” kredoa mxolod da mxolod xarisxiani Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi teqnikisa da teqnologiebis miwodeba bazarze. nomerSi waikiTxavT: ასკა saqarTveloSi ASCA MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s produqciis popularoba dRiTidRe izrdeba ახალი აგრარული საქართველო AKHALI AGRARULI SAQARTVELO (New Agrarian Georgia) ყოველთვიური სამეცნიეროსაინფორმაციო ჟურნალი. Monthly scientific-informative magazine ნოემბერი, 2013 წელი. #11 (31) სარედაქციო კოლეგია: შოთა მაჭარაშვილი (მთ. რედაქტორი), ნუგზარ ებანოიძე, რეზო ჯაბნიძე, მიხეილ სოხაძე, თამარ სანიკიძე, ნოდარ ბრეგვაძე, გიორგი ბარისაშვილი (მევენახეობამეღვინეობის რედაქციის რედაქტორი), თამთა გუგუშვილი (ინგლ. ვერს. რედაქტორი). სამეცნიერო საბჭო: აკადემიკოსები, მეცნიერებათა დოქტორები, პროფესორები: რევაზ მახარობლიძე (თავმჯდომარე), ნოდარ ჩხარტიშვილი, გურამ ალექსიძე, ნუგზარ ებანოიძე, პაატა კოღუაშვილი, ელგუჯა შაფაქიძე, პეტრე ნასყიდაშვილი, ზვიად ბრეგვაძე, ელგუჯა გუგუშვილი, ზაურ ჯულუხიძე, ზურაბ ჯინჯიხაძე, ქრისტო კახნიაშვილი, ადოლ ტყეშელაშვილი, ნატო კაკაბაძე, კუკური ძერია, კახა ლაშხი, ომარ თევდორაძე, ნუგზარ სარჯველაძე, დავით ბედია, თენგიზ ყურაშვილი, ზურაბ ლოლაძე, კობა კობალაძე, ნუკრი მემარნიშვილი. გამომცემელი: “აგრარული სექტორის კომპანიების ასოციაცია” (ასკა); Agraruli Sectoris Companiebis asociacia (ASCA); (Association of Agrarian Sector Companies). საქართველოს რეგიონული ეკონომიკური პრიორიტეტების კვლევითი ცენტრი “რეგიონიკა”; Regionica _ Georgian Research Center for Regional Economic Priorities. რედაქციის მისამართი: თბილისი (0119), აგლაძის ქ. # 32 ტელ/tel: +995 (33) 2 34-76-33 +995 (99) 16 -18-31 Tbilisi (0119), Agladze str. # 32 E-mail: [email protected] www.regionica.org/journal. www.regionica.org/journ al. editor of English version Tamta Gugushvili დააკაბადონა გიორგი მაისურაძემ ჟურნალი ხელმძღვანელობს თავისუფალი პრესის პრინციპით. The journal acts in accordance with the principles of free press. © საავტორო უფლება დაცულია. All rights reserved. რეფერირებადია 2011 წლიდან დაიბეჭდა შპს “გამომცემლობა კოლორში” Tbilisi tel./faqsi: (+995 32) 2 35 10 05. tel.: (+995 32) 2 34 76 33 14 axali x agraruli r r s saq qarTvelo r o 16 pania -s universaluri teqnika 17 kom 18 delavali GRIMME 23 qvevris Rvino da Rvinis msoflio bazari memarnis survilidan gamomdinare qvevrSi Rvino aTwleulobiTac ki SeiZleba darCes. ratom aris Caketili soflis meurneobis saministros kari fermerebisTvis? 21 vadi huminur-organuli sasuqi `agrovita~ 25 Txe axali jiSebi 28 xisalis qarTveloSi aWaris istoriaSi pirvelad rva qalbatons agrarul mecnierebebSi akademiuri doqtoris wodebebi mieniWa 32 34 kvleva, romelic 2014 wels marwyvis warmoebis 37 gamoqveyndeba saxelmZRvanelo lo-sameurneo 39 sakosof operativebi Tanamedrove 42 kaklis bioteqnologiuri meTodi lenbergis~ 38 kooperativebi Sps-bad 43 `Sma daavadeba gvitevs! ar unda gadaiqces SevqmnaT 45 rogor kooperativi tropikuli soflis 45 sub meurneobis wamyvani dargebi mravali mwarmoeblis mizania marwyvis mosavlis ufro adre aReba an zamTris ganmavlobaSi warmoeba. evropul qveynebSi kooperativebis ganviTarebis 170-wliani gamocdileba Cvens qveyanaSi kooperaciuli moZraobis sworad warmarTvisaTvis mdidar masalas iZleva. IN VITRO ? Jurnali `axali agraruli saqarTvelo~ gTavazobT! JurnalSi erTi kvadratuli santimetri sareklamo farTis Rirebuleba Seadgens: ydis meore gverdze _ 60 TeTrs (mTliani gverdi _ 350 lari), boloswina gverdze _ 50 TeTrs (mTliani gverdi _ 300 lari), bolo gverdze _ ukana ydaze _ 60 TeTrs (mTliani gverdi _ 350 lari). Sida gverdebze _ 35 TeTrs (mTliani gverdi _ 200 lari). Jurnali „axali agraruli saqarTvelo” referirebadia 2009 wlidan. samecniero statiis moculoba reziumis TanxlebiT ar unda aRematebodes 1,5 intervaliT, 12-iani SriftiT nabeWd 5 Tabaxis gverds. Jurnalis gamowera SegiZliaT presis gavrcelebis saagentoebSi: `elva.ji~ (tel.: (032) 2-38-26-73; (032) 2-38-26-74); `saqpresa+~ (577 97 90 50). 1 wliT Jurnalis gamowera dagijdebaT 24 lari, 6 TviT _ 12 lari. ნოემბერი, 2013 korporacia AGCO - Tanamedrove sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika da teqnologiebi soflis meurneobis asaRorZineblad korporacia AGCO msoflioSi sasoflo-sameurneo manqanebis (agregatebis) mwarmoebelTa Soris lideri da erT-erTi yvelaze angariSgasawevi moTamaSea. AGCO korporaciis manqanebs mravali prestiJuli saerTaSoriso jildo aqvT miniWebuli. korporacia msoflioSi udidesi samrewvelo, sadistribucio dilerebis qselis mflobelia, romelSic 2700-ze meti kompaniaa gaerTianebuli da misi sasoflo-sameurneo manqanebi 140-ze met qveyanaSi muSaobs.. AGCO-s mTlianad esmis msoflio bazrebze sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis tendenciebi da aqvs maTTan muSaobis mkafio strategia, razec bolo 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi kompaniis STambeWdavi winsvla metyvelebs. bolo marketinguli wlis ganmavlobaSi kompaniis gayidvebis moculobam 8 miliard dolars gadaaWarba. sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis msoflio brendebis Challenger, Fendt, Massey Ferguson da Valtra-s wyalobiT korporacia mTels msoflioSi exmareba agrarul bizness Tanamedrove sistemebze gadawyoba-modernizebaSi, mudmivadmzardi momgebiani biznesis SeqmnaSi. AGCO korporaciis konstruqtorebis, savele inJinrebis, servisis TanamSromlebis ZiriTadi mowodeba teqnikis gamarTuli muSaoba da miwaTmoqmedebisTvis nebismieri gamowvevis praqtikulad da maRalteqnologiurad gadaWraa. AGCO korporaciaSi Semavali sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi mudmivad siaxleebis Ziebasa da danergvaSi arian. korporacia anviTarebs da aqtiurad uWers mxars yvelaze Tanamedrove teqnologiur centrebs, romlebic ganTavsebulia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. maTi teqnologiuri da teqnikuri mignebebi inovaciurobiTa da maRali praqtikulobiT gamoirCeva. AGCO korporacia samecniero-kvleviT da kvleviT-konstruqtorul programebSi yovelwliurad ნოემბერი, 2013 mravalmilioniani investiciebis CadebiT, uaxlesi teqnologiebis centrebis meSveobiT, romlebic ganTavsebulia germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, aSSsa da braziliaSi, miwaTmoqmedebs mudmiv inovaciur siaxleebs sTavazobs. AGCO-s yvela nouhau swrafadve inergeba korporaciis yvela brendis teqnikaSi, Challenger, Fendt, Massey Ferguson da Valtra-s CaTvliT. AGCO korporaciis konstruqtorebi da specialistebi yovelTvis iTvaliswineben klientebis moTxovnebs da mWidrod TanamSromloben agrarul da samecniero-kvleviT dawesebulebebTan, qmnian manqanebs (danadgarebs), romlebic saSualebas aZlevs fermerebs minimaluri danaxarjebiT maqsimaluri Sedegi miiRon rogorc mindvrad, ise finansuri TvalsazrisiT. kompania „msoflio teqnikis” damsaxurebiT saqarTvelos fermerebs, agroholdingebs wleuls pirvelad saSualeba eZlevaT AGCO korporaciaSi Semavali brendebis: Challenger, Fendt, Massey Ferguson da Valtra-s teqnika SeiZinon da sakuTari biznesis gasaZliereblad gamoiyenon. Challenger-i seriozuli teqnikaa bazris seriozuli moTamaSeebisaTvis — Challenger aris idealuri gadawyvetileba farTomasStabiani sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoebisaTvis. am brendis maRalproduqtiul, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis bolo sityviT aRWurvil muxluxian da borblebian traqtorebs, mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebis da sasuqis Sesatan manqanebs, niadagis damamuSavebel da saTes mowyobilobebs msoflios mowinave miwaTmoqmedTa Soris umwikvlo reputacia aqvT. axali agraruli saqarTvelo 15 saqarTveloSi MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s produqciis popularoba dRiTidRe izrdeba msoflioSi sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis umsxvilesi mwarmoeblis, italiuri samrewvelo jgufis MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s MASCHIO&GASPARDO -s produqciis popularoba dRiTidRe izrdeba. kompania awarmoebs bostneul-baRCeulisa da sxvadasxva saxeobis marcvleuli kulturebis rogorc tradiciul, ise minimalur (NO-TILL) da zoluri teqnologiis zust saTeselebs, Rrmadgamafxviereblebs, diskatorebs, frezebs, kultivatorebs (rogorc mTliani farTobis, ise kvlebs Soris damamuSavebels), sasuqis momfantvelebs da sxva. 2010 wels msoflioSi gansakuTrebiT farTo gasaqani mieca 8X70 da12X45 rigis (SP — ankerebiani an MT- diskosebr CamTesebian), MAESTRA, MINI-METRO-s (12X70 an 18X45) da METRO-s (16X70 an 24X45) saTeselebs. kompaniam ufro didi — MAXI- METRO-s — 24, 32 an 36 rigiani saTeselebis gamoSveba daiwyo, romelic erTdroulad ramdenime operacias asrulebs (Tesva, sasuqis Setana). amasTan erTad igi warmadobiTac gamorCeulia: dRe-RameSi 500 heqtarze meti farTobis damuSaveba SeuZlia bunkerebis Teslis erTxel SevsebiT iseTi niadagebisTvis, sadac qveda fenebi imdenad aris datkepnili, rom bunebrivi sadrenaJe sistema srulad an nawilobriv darRveulia. aRniSnuli Rrmadgamafxvierebeli agregatebi 30-35 sm. siRrmeze angrevs datkepnil qanebs da xels uwyobs misi bunebrivi struqturis aRdgenas. aseve unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba — MASCHIO&GASPARDO — TSAR axal modificirebul diskoian farcxze, romelic 4-dan 12 santimetramde samulCe fenis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyeneba. amave dros igi uzrunvelyofs niadagis zeda aqtiur 16 axali agraruli saqarTvelo fenaSi organul nivTierebaTa cvlis procesis daCqarebas, misi struqturis gaumjobesebas, mikroorganizmebis dacvasa da niadagidan tenis aorTqlebis Seferxebas. diskoiani farcxis mniSvnelovan kvanZebs: Tvlebis morgvebs (stupica) da sxva swrafcveTad detalebs resursi sul mcire 10 aTas heqtramde aqvT gaxangrZlivebuli. diskoebi dayenebulia zambarebian dgarze, rac winaRobis (qvis an sxva myari sxeulis) moxvedris SemTxvevaSi moxris saSualebas aZlevs da amasTan erTad muSaobis dros irxeva da idealur mulCs warmoqmnis. arcerTi sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis mwarmoebeli kompania msoflioSi ise axlos ar aris momxmarebelTan, rogorc MASCHIO&GASPARDO. amis garda, kompania aqtiurad monawileobs gamofenebSi, sxvadasxva qveynebSi gamarTul „mindvris dReebSi”, eswreba sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebs, mudmiv monitorings uwevs sakuTar teqnikas, xvews da aZlierebs agregatebis konstruqcias, Seaqvs koreqtivebi da amitomac MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s manqanebi erT-erTi yvelaze saimedoa msoflioSi, rac kompaniis klientebs saSualebas aZlevs, maqsimalurad mWidro vadebSi, maRalxarisxianad Seasrulon sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebi da adekvaturi mosavalic miiRon. MASCHIO&GASPARDO ramdenime weliwadia aqtiurad muSaobs saqarTvelos bazarze da qarTvel fermerebs maRalteqnologiur sasoflo-sameurneo agregatebs awvdis. saqarTveloSi MASCHIO& GASPARDO-s warmomadgeneli kompania „msoflio teqnikaa”, romelic saqarTveloSi fermerebs am firmis mravalferovani produqciis srul paketsa da maRali xarisxis serviss sTavazobs. ნოემბერი, 2013 kom pa nia GRIMME -s universaluri teq ni ka kompania Grimme Grimme-s -s istoria samWedlo warmoebidan iwyeba, romelic 1861 wels qalaq dammeSi (qvemo saqsonia) Seiqmna. kartofilis specializaciaze firma sawarmoSi franc grimes mosvlis Semdeg, gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi gadavida. swored maSin ganxorcielda GRIMME GRIMME-s -s erT-erTi pirveli teqnikuri proeqti (kartofilis amomTxreli bolqvebis damWeriT), rac im periodisTvis didi progresi iyo da mas konkurenti ar hyavda. manqana miwidan amoTxril kartofils kvlis gaswvriv erT rigad agrovebda, rac mis Segrovebasac aiolebda da arc mosavlis aRebis samuSaoebis paralelurad, gverdiTa kvlebidan amoRebas uSlida xels. Tu manqanis xsenebul modelze imdroindeli moTxovnilebis statistikas CavxedavT, udavod naTeli gaxdeba, rogori popularobiT sargeblobda igi fermerebSi: marto 1939 wels GRIMME GRIMME-m -m am modelis 1600 egzemplari awarmoa da gayida. 1956 wels Grimme-m bazarze misabmeliani, erTrigiani kartofilis amRebi kombaini gamoitana. misi mibma ukve traqtorzec SeiZleboda. pirvel weliwads mxolod 40 manqanis gamoSveba moxerxda, magram momdevno periodSi am manqanaze moTxovnileba saocari tempiT izrdeboda da aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, vidre igi warmoebaSi iyo, 10 000-ze meti egzemplari gaiyida. da rac mTavaria, naxevarze meti sazRvargareT, niderlandebSi gaiyida. samociani wlebi Grimme-s sxva modelTan — kartofilis misabmelian amReb kombain Europa Standart-Tan aris dakavSirebuli. am manqanis gamoCenisTanave bazarze ნოემბერი, 2013 Grimme aRiarebuli lideri gaxda. ramdenime weliwadSi am tipis 20 000-ze meti manqana gaiyida. im dros kombainebis teqnikur-teqnologiuri aRWurviloba revoluciuri iyo. elevatori da bunkeri hidravlikiT, avtomaturad imarTeboda. 70-iani wlebis dadgoma Grimme-m TviTmavali kartofilis amRebi kombainis gamoSvebiT aRniSna. xuTi wlis Semdeg ki kompaniam orrigiani TviTmavali kombaini gamoitana bazarze, romelsac 3,5-toniani bunkeri hqonda. 2001 wels bazarze Grimme-s konceptualurad axali oTxrigiani TviTmavali, Tanamedrove marTvis sistemebiTa da 15-toniani bunke- riT aRWurvili kombaini gamoCnda, romelic didi zomisa da wonis miuxedavad, niadags TiTqmis ar azianebs (ar tkepnis). bolo xans kompania Grimme aqtiurad nergavs da anviTarebs GPS teqnologias. 2009 wels kompaniam CCI 200 sistemis danergvisTvis agroteqnikis saerTaSoriso gamofenaze oqros medali daimsaxura, xolo 2010 wels grimem yvela TviTmavalze am sistemebis seriulad damontaJeba daiwyo. saqarTveloSi kompania Grimme-s warmoadgens kompania „msoflio teqnika“, romelic grimes teqnologiebis srul serviss uzrunvelyofs. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi warmodgenilia grimes kartofilis mwarmoebeli teqnikis sruli Sleifi: Grimme BF 200 — rigebis momwyobi. Grimme GL 34 — kartofilis saTesi, Grimme GF 75 — bazoebis momwyobi Grimme KS 75 — foCebis damqucmacebeli mulCeri, Grimme RL 1700 — kartofilis amomyreli. Semotanilia kartofilis amRebi misabmeli kombaini — Grimme SE 140 da Grimme SE 150. axali agraruli saqarTvelo 17 delavali oleg pavlovi „DeLaval DeLaval”-is ”-is regionuli direqtori samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi Sveduri kompania „DELAVAL „DELAVAL”-i, ”-i, merZeuli mecxoveleobis msxvili, saSualo da mcire zomis kompleqsebisaTvis teqnikisa da teqnologiebis sruli speqtris mwarmoebeli msoflio lideria. Sps “msoflio teqnika”, romelic „DELAVAL „DELAVAL”-is ”-is oficialuri warmomadgenelia saqarTveloSi, am kompaniasTan erTad gegmavs saqarTveloSi maRalteqnologiuri merZeuli mecxoveleobis dargis ganviTarebas misces biZgi. „DELAVAL DELAVAL”-i ”-i 125 wlis winaT Seiqmna SveciaSi, roca gustav de lavalma rZis separatori daapatenta, ramac rZis warmoebis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana. dRes „„DELAVAL DELAVAL”-i ”-i msoflioSi merZeuli mecxoveleobis teqnologiebis mimwodebeli wamyvani kompaniaa, romlis teqnologiur miRwevebs yoveldRiurad milionobiT merZeve fermeri moixmars da mas rZis warmoebis yvela etapze iyenebs. „DELAVAL DELAVAL”-i ”-i qmnis sawvel da samacivre mowyobilobebs, jogis marTvis da rZis warmoebis procesis avtomatizebis sistemebs, saqonlis movlis, kvebisa da sakvebis gamanawilebel mowyobilobebs. „DELAVAL DELAVAL”-i ”-i aerTianebs 20 samrewvelo sawarmos, 36 marketingul kompanias, 29 komerciul warmomadgenlobas, 5 specialur sasawyobe kompleqss, 2935 maRazias, 1799 dilersa da mTel armia _ 5134 _ moZrav avtomaRaziasa da servisis avtomobilebs, rac kompanias biznesis marTvis progresuli meTodebis danergvis saSualebas aZlevs. „DELAVAL DELAVAL”-i ”-i ukve saqarTveloSia, mas regionSi, rogorc vTqviT, kompania „msoflio teqnika“ warmoadgens. vfiqrobT, Cveni Jurnalis kiTxvebze samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi „„DELAVAL DELAVAL”-is ”-is regionuli direqtorisis, oleg pavlovis pasuxebi saintereso iqneba. — batono oleg, saqarTvelo mTagoriani qveyanaa. CvenTan tradiciulad ganviTarebuli iyo momTabare mesaqonleoba. am segmentisaTvis ra teqnologiebs sTavazobs de lavali regionebSi momuSave merZeuli mesaqonleobiT dakavebul fermerebs? — rasakvirvelia, tradiciebi, cxovrebis wesi moqmedebda da kvlavac Sesabamis koreqtivebs Seitans mecxoveleobis dargis ganviTarebaSi. es SeiZleba teqnologiebs ar exeba, miTumetes Tanamedroves, magram gvesmis da viTvaliswinebT momTabare mecxoveleobis dargis Taviseburebebs, amitomac kompania „DeLaval”-i am segmentSi dasaqmebul 18 axali agraruli saqarTvelo fermerebs martivi da saimedo mobiluri sawveli aparatebis farTo speqtrs sTavazobs. aseTi danadgarebi dakompleqtebulia erTi an ori sakidi nawiliT, rac saaTSi 16 Zroxis mowvelis saSualebas iZleva. aseve momTabare fermerebs SegviZlia SevTavazoT unikaluri mobiluri sawveli darbazebi, romelic momTabareobis periodSi jogs mudmivad Tan unda axldes. pirvel da meore SemTxvevaSic aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia eleqtroenergiis wyaro. — mecxvareoba saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia. CvenTan mTaSi uniნოემბერი, 2013 kaluri gemovnuri Tvisebebis cxvris (gudis) yvels amzadeben. aseve sainteresoa Txis rZis warmoebis sakiTxic. ra SeuZlia de lavals SesTavazos qarTvel fermerebs, vinc cxvrisa da Txis rZisa da yvelis biznesiTaa dakavebuli? — saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi rogorc saqarTveloSi da mTel kavkasiaSi, dRes ki mTel msoflioSi Txisa da cxvris rZis produqtebze gansakuTrebuli moTxovnilebaa. laparaki marto gurmanebze ar aris, romlebsac yvelis ganumeorebeli gemos Sefaseba SeuZliaT. jer kidev Seuvsebelia bavSvTa kvebis niSa, asevea saRi rZisgan damzadebuli produqti. am bazris potenciali Zalian didia — ese igi produqciis warmoebas seriozuli perspeqtiva aqvs. cxvrebisa da Txebis zemoTnaxsenebi mobiluri sawveli danadgarebisa da sawveli darbazebis garda, „DeLaval”-i fermerebs cxvrebisa da Txebis sxvadasxva zomis fermebis mza proeqtebs „Caibare gasaRebi” sTavazobs. bunebrivia, am fermebSi gamoyenebulia yvelaze Tanamedrove sawveli danadgarebi, rZis gasaciebeli mowyobilobebi, cxvrisa da Txis dasanayrebeli da dasarwyulebeli agregatebi, saventilacio da mikroklimatis maregulirebeli mowyobilobebi da sxva. am dargis momavali cxvrebisa da Txebis aseT Tanamedrove fermebSia. rac Seexeba cxvrisa da Txis rZisgan yvelis warmoebas, imis miuxedavad, rom „DeLaval”-is mowyobilobebis asortimentSi rZis gadammuSavebeli danadgarebi warmodgenili ar aris, Cven yvelis mwarmoeblebTan mTel msoflioSi SesaniSnavi urTierToba gvaqvs, gansakuTrebiT — safrangeTSi, qveyanasTan, romlis Txis yveli msoflioSi saukeTesod iTvleba. „DeLaval”-s aseve SeuZlia saqarTvelos fermerebs am sferoSi ganaTlebis miRebisa da aseT fermebSi staJirebis gavlis SesaZleblobac misces. maT, visac ainteresebs Txisa da cxvris Tanamedrove fermebis aSeneba, „DeLaval”-i aramarto mowyobilobebs da teqnologiebs, aramed am amocanis srulyofisaTvis servisis mTel speqtrs sTavazobs, ნოემბერი, 2013 dawyebuli cxovelebis SeZenidan, yvelis warmoebis teqnologiebis aTvisebiT damTavrebuli. — saqarTvelos biorZis warmoebis unikaluri pirobebi aqvs, vgulisxmob kavkasionis ferdobebis, maT Soris alpuri zonis SesaZleblobebs. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad perspeqtiulia es saqme da am mimarTebiT ra gadawyvetilebebis SeTavazeba SeuZlia de lavals qarTveli fermerebisTvis? — perspeqtiva, rasakvirvelia, aris. amis dasturia mTel msoflioSi naturalur, cocxal produqtebze gazrdili moTxovnileba. rZis warmoeba Sromatevadi saqmea da aq uzarmazari mniSvneloba aqvs ara marto adgils, aramed warmoebis meTods, sawyisi nedleulis xarisxs, gansakuTrebiT rZis sisufTavesa da yvela misi unikaluri Tvisebis SenarCunebas. kompania „DeLaval”-is mTeli Zalisxmeva mimarTulia rac SeiZleba xarisxiani, srulyofili, Tu gindaT „cocxali“ biorZis miRebisken. „DeLaval”-is merZeuli mecxoveleobis sferoSi inovaciuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis 125-wliani gamocdileba aqvs da igi yovelTvis mxarSi udgas fermerebs, raTa sakuTari meurneoba maTTvis mosaxerxebeli meTodebiT marTos. Cveni iniciativa „myari sarZeo meurneoba“ mimarTulia xarisxiani produqciis miRebisken, romelsac Zalian bevri adamiani moixmars da ziani ar adgeba garemos. Cveni koncefcia Smart Farming (Wkviani ferma) aqedanve mimarTulia momavlis merZeuli mecxoveleobis Seqmnisken. mizania wveladobis marTvidan fermis Semosavlebis globalur marTvaze gadasvla, sadac axali gadawyvetilebebis da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT rZis warmoeba, xarisxi da mogeba kidev ufro gaizrdeba. axali agraruli saqarTvelo 19 Cven Tqvens marcvleuls xangrZlivad, iafad da xarisxianad SevinaxavT! firma lomTagoras marcvleulis gadammuSavebeli saSrob-Sesanaxi qarxana saqarTvelo, marneulis raioni, Sps. „firma „firma lomTagora” lomTagora “FIRM FIRM LOMTAGORA LOMTAGORA”” LTD, Georgia, Marneuli Region, tel.: (+995 99) 56-26-16; (+995 91) 20-25-25 www.lomtagora.com; E-mail: [email protected] ფერმერთა საწ საწუხარი უხ არი ratom aris Caketili soflis meurneobis saministros kari fermerebisTvis? codva gamxelili sjobs, xelisuflebis Secvlidan Zalian male Cven vwerdiT, rom soflis meurneobis saministroSi saqme mTlad kargad ver iyo da mis mimarT kiTxvebi aucileblad gauCndebodaT Sesabamis organoebs. samwuxarod, Cveni varaudi da informacia gamarTlda. ramdenime Cinovnikis mimarT prokuraturam sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRZra. mogvianebiT saqarTvelos premier-ministrma sajaro gamosvlis dros JurnalistebTan ramdenjerme Tqva, rom soflis meurneobis yofilma (gadamdgarma) ministrma (manamde mTeli dunia rom Seyara, qveyanas Tavslafi asxa da evropel Tu amerikel uflebadamcvelebs seriozuli eWvi gauCina saqarTvelos xelisuflebis usamarTlobaze), Secdoma aRiara (mokled Cven dagveTanxma), rom saministroSi marTlac xdeboda cudi saqmeebi, magram xelmZRvanelobam amis Sesaxeb manamde, vidre prokuratura ar gamoiZieda saqmes, „araferi icoda“... damnaSaveebi, savaraudod mecnierebi da SedarebiT dabali rangis teqnikuri personali aRmoCnda, romelic, albaT sakadrisadac daisjebian. diax, sworedac rom mecnierebi aqceven qveyanas. amitomac soflis meurneobidan mecniereba unda amoiZirkvos! iZirkveba kidec. agraruli dargis met-naklebad mcodne specialisti qveyanaSi sanTliT saZebnia. qveyanaSi soflis meurneoba prioritetul mimarTulebad ki gamocxadda, magram amave dros fermerTa did nawilsac miaCnia, rom soflis meurneobis saministro maT aranair daxmarebas ar uwevs. . marTalia iafi sesxebis programa daiwyo, magram proeqtis fiskaluri efeqti (fondis mier sabanko %-is nawilis dafarva fermerebisTvis didi SeRavaTia, Tumca irkveva, rom es resursi grantis kuTxiT ver iqneba ganxiluli da moqmedi kanonis mixedviT 20%-saSemosavlo da 15% mogebis gadasaxadebiT ibegreba), TiTqmis ararealuria da yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, es, e.w. saqveyno proeqti Cavardnis pirasaa. amitom fermerebi SeiZleba mindvridan quCebSi gamovidnen, manamde ki mimarTaven yvelas, sazogadoebas, arasamTavrobo seqtors, visac raime qmediTi daxmarebis aRmoCena SeuZlia da Txoven, gamoiyenon codna, gamocdileba, kavSirebi raTa maT aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi SeRavaTiani agrokreditiT sargebloba SeZlon, gaafarToon meurneobebi, gazardon produqciis warmoeba. ar vici, am jadosnuri rkalis garRvevas rogor SeZlebs sazogadoeba, magram qveynis ekonomikis prioritetad gamocxadebuli dargi rom kvlav mZime dReSia, es naTlad Cans. mravali magaliTidan amjerad erTerTs gagacnobT da Tavad gansajeT, ra rogoraa. malurad uzrunvelvyoT saqarTveloSi evropuli gamocdilebis da praqtikis danergvao. rogorc biofermeri Teimuraz kobaxiZe ambobs, saxelmwifo programaSi monawile komerciuli bankebis umravlesoba ise CaerTo aRniSnul proeqtSi, rom sof. meurneobis dakreditebis aranairi gamocdileba ar gaaCniaT. fermerebis udidesi nawili bankebTan mimarTebaSi aRniSnul etapze Semdeg problemebs xvdeba: saerTod ar ainteresebT biznesgegma, ar kiTxuloben da ar interesdebian proeqtis arsiT da sxv. mxolod giravnoba, gasacemi sesxis moculoba da kreditis xangZlivoba Sedis maTi interesis sferoSi. giravnoba ganekuTvneba fantastikis sferos. magaliTad, 100 000 laris sakredito proeqtis giraod iTxoven 250-300 000 laris Rirebulebis likvidur (mesamed) sabazro Rirebulebis uZrav qonebas. rig rogorc fermerTa did nawils miaCnia, maT soflis meurneobis saministro da proeqtebis marTvis saagento sesxis aRebis kuTxiT aranair daxmarebas ar uwevs. proeqtis fiskaluri efeqti (fondis mier sabanko %-is nawilis dafarva fermerebisTvis didi SeRavaTia, Tumca irkveva, rom es resursi grantis kuTxiT ver iqneba ganxiluli da momqmedi kanonis mixedviT 20%-saSemosavlo da 15% mogebis gadasaxadebiT ibegreba) TiTqmis ararealuria da yovelive zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, es saqveyno proeqti Cavardnis pirasaa. fermerebi mimarTaven yvelas, sazogadoebas, arasamTavrobo seqtors, visac raime qmediTi daxmarebis aRmoCena SeuZliaT da Txoven gamoiyenon codna, gamocdileba, kavSirebi da SeZlebisdagvarad dagvexmaroT fermerebs aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi — visargebloT SeRavaTiani agrokreditiT da maqsmiნოემბერი, 2013 axali agraruli saqarTvelo 21 ფერმე რთა საწუხა ფერმერთა საწუხარი რი SemTxvevebSi giravnobad ar Rebuloben pirutyvs, fermaSi arsebul Senoba-nagebobebsa da sxva... saerTod ar ganixilaven damwyeb bizness (startap-s) giravnobisa da saintereso biznesproeqtis arsebobis miuxedavad. fermeris sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwis nakveTs, miuxedavad maszed arsebuli infrastruqturisa, bankebi afaseben saxelmwifos mier dadgenili tarifebiT, 1 heqtari 500-600 larad, rac TavisTavad amcirebs giravnobis Rirebulebas da moiTxovs damatebiT uZravi qonebis giravnobaSi Cadebas. gamovlenilia uamravi faqti, roca nacvlad iafi kreditis saxelmwifo proeqtSi CarTvisa, bankebi fermerebs sTavazoben TavianT proeqtebs Zviri saprocento ganakveTiT 15-dan 28%-is farglebSi da cdiloben daarwmunon fermeri „Tqven marTla namdvili ggoniaT?“..., „3 weli iqneba es mTavroba?! ......“, „19 aprilis Semdeg Semogviare“! bankebi ar iTvaliswineben sof. meurneobis zogierTi dargis specifikas ganviTarebis vadebTan dakavSirebiT, rac gasacemi sesxis SeRavaTiani periodis xangrZlivobaSi aisaxeba. magaliTad, (mesaqonleoba, Tevzis gamravleba...) saprocento ganakveTis gadaxdas iTxoven 6-7 TveSi, rac warmoudgenelia. saerTod ar aris cnobili saxelmwifo proeqtSi monawile bankebis sakredito resursebis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Tanxebi aqvT gamoyofili soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis programaSi me-2 da me-3 segmentis dakreditebis kuTxiT. ar aris cnobili, Tu ra valdebulebebi aqvT aRebuli bankebs saxelmwifosa da fermerebis mimarT. aRniSnuli midgoma urTulebs fermerebs bankebTan urTierTobas. saqarTveloSi bolo 10 wlis manZilze moRvawe mTel sabanko seqtors mxolod 1% aqvs gaRebuli sof. meurneobis dakreditebis kuTxiT. 70-80% sakredito resursebisa mimarTuli iyo monopoliuri biznesis da importis waxalisebaze, rac aisaxeba qveynis sasursaTo bazarze importis Warbi raodenobiT — daaxloebiT 80 %. aRniSnuli statistikuri monacemebi calsaxad gviCvenebs bankebis gulgril damokidebulebas am marTlac saqveyno proeqtTan mimarTebaSi, rac saxelmwifom 2012 wlis 1 oqtombris Semdeg wamoiwyo. bankebi ar ganixilaven msoflioSi gavrcelebul praqtikas fermeris infrastruqturis, samSeneblo samuSaoebis (rZisa da yvelis saamqro, inkubatori, sawveli danadgarebi, sajiSe saqonlis...) etapobrivi tranSebis saxiT dakreditebas, aseve mTlian sakre- 22 axali agraruli saqarTvelo dito paketSi naRdi fulis (qeSi) bankidan gamotanis SezRudvis aucilebel pirobebs. aseTi midgoma ara marto evropis wamyvan qveynebSi muSaobs, aramed somxeTSi 3-5 % wliuri, azerbaijanSi 2-3 % wliuri, ruseTi-belarusiaSi 1-4 % wliuri. yvelaze iafi sesxi wliuri 11 % aqvs „prokredit banks“ — „eko krediti“. rac mTavaria, vadebi — SeRavaTiani periodi Cvens realobaSi ar aris qarTvel fermerze morgebuli. saxelmwifo proeqtis me-3 segmenti 100 000-dan zemoT wliuri 1-3% ganakveTiT, bankebis moTxovnili pirobebiT giravnobis nawilSi faqtiurad gamoricxavs am segmentis farTod dakreditebas. 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi gaica 3 sesxi. magaliTad, 600 aTasi dolari krediti Rvinis qarxanaze, giravnobam Seadgina 3.600 000 dolari. aseTi aqtivi mxolod erTeulebs gaaCniaT! zustad me-3 segmenti xels uwyobs samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas, daclili soflebis aRorZinebas, ekonomikuri efeqtis TvalnaTliv danaxvas... momqmedi kanonmdeblobiT banksa da klients Soris fulad-sakredito urTierToba warmoadgens komerciul saidumloebas, rac apriori gamoricxavs samoqalaqo kontrols aRniSnul sakiTxze. miuxedavad farTod reklamirebuli saxelmwifo proeqtisa, mxolod Zalovan struqturebs, isic sasamarTlos nebarTviT, aqvT ufleba Caerion aRniSnul sakiTxSi. bankebis umravlesoba mzad ar aris am saqveyno proeqtSi aqtiurad CaerTos, rac safrTxis qveS ayenebs proeqtis ganxorcielebas. zogierT SemTxvevebSi sabotaJis niSnebi saxezea, aRniSnuli did yuradRebas moiTxovs saxelmwifos mxridan! zemoTaRniSnuli am problemebis mcire CamonaTvalis mizezi marto sabanko seqtoris gamoucdeloba ar aris. kiTxvebi arsebobs saministrosTan. — vin aris iafi sesxis proeqtis avtori? — ra argumentebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen me-2 da me-3 segmentis dakreditebis vadebis gansazRvrisas? — ra valdebulebebi aqvs bankebs aRebuli saxelmwifosTan da piriqiT? — ratom gadasca saministrom bankebs fermerebis dakreditebis eqskluziuri ufleba dargis specialistebis, specialuri komisiis Carevis uflebis gareSe? — vin gansazRvravs qveynis agrarul politikas, saministro Tu sabanko seqtori? — ratom ar ganixilavs saministro saintereso proeqtebs? — ra roli aqvs proeqtebis marTvis saagentos da fonds fermerebTan mimarTebaSi, roca identurad udgebian saqveyno proeqts bankebTan mimarTebaSi? (ar ainteresebT, ra problemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen fermerebi!) — ratom datoves pirispir fermerebi bankebTan? — ratom aris Caketili saministros karebi fermerebisaTvis? kiTxulobs batoni Teimuraz kobaxiZe da ambobs, rom saministrom ar uzrunvelyo gamWvirvale sainformacio politika, reklama iafi sesxis Sesaxeb ar Seesabameba realobas, ar aris cnobili ra Tanxebi miemarTeba dakreditebis segmentze, ratom ar ganixileba startapi, roca manamde araerTxel iqna gaJRerebuli sapirispiro, saministros veb gverdze ar aris detalurad asaxuli yvela saWirboroto sakiTxi, rac fermerebs ainteresebT... iafi sesxis saxelmwifo programa am etapze Cavardnis pirasaa! pasuxebi am kiTxvebze Cvenc gvainteresebs. maincdamainc didi imedi ar gvaqvs, rom soflis meurneobis saministro am kiTxvebis gacemaze Tavs Seiwuxebs, magram mainc... ნოემბერი, 2013 ჩვე ნი სიმდიდრე ჩვენი qvevris Rvino da Rvinis msoflio bazari saqarTveloSi dayenebulma qvevris Rvinom esesaa daiwyo msoflio bazarze damkvidreba, rac Tanamedrove, RviniT gajerebul bazarze fexis mosakideblad sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda. rogor sirTuleebTan uxdeba qarTul qvevris Rvinos Sexvedra da ra aris agvari Rvinis upiratesoba? ai is ori ZiriTadi sakiTxi, romelsac Cven SevecdebiT pasuxi gavceT winamdebare werilSi. sakmaod didi xani dasWirda imas, rom qarTul tradiciul qvevris Rvinos misi gangeb Selaxuli reputacia kvlav aRedgina. am rTul saqmes Tan sdevda im enTuziastTa mcire jgufis xangrZlivi Sroma, romelma jgufmac Zalze mcirericxovan qvevrSi Rvinis damyeneblebTan erTad sabolood daamtkices, rom tradiciuli qarTuli qvevris Rvinis saxiT saqme gvaqvs im Rirseul da Zvirfas produqtTan, romelsac Tavisuflad Seswevs Zala, miiRos msoflio Rvinis urTulesi bazris gamowveva. es yovelive ukve araerTxel damtkicda Sida Tu ucxoeTis gamofenebze — StatebSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, germaniaSi, britaneTSi... am yvelaferma garkveulwilad mastimulirebeli roli Seasrula saqarTveloSi im xalxzec ki, romlebic cota xnis winaT kritikis qar-cecxlSi atarebdnen rogorc qvevris Rvinos, ise qvevrSi Rvinis damyenebel memarneebs. saqarTvelos masStabiT, TviT Rvinis didma qarxnebmac ki, romlebic iyvnen da rCebian masobrivi Rvinis mwarmoeblebad, brwyinvaled gamoiyenes es faqti da daiwyes qvevris Rvinis warmoeba da realizacia. ra igulisxmeba qvevrSi dayenebul unikalur RvinoSi? Rvinis dayenebis tradiciuli kaxuri wesi gulisxmobs sruli mtevnis daWyletas qvevrSi. daWyletili masa — durdo duRilis procesis CaTvliT qvevrSi 5 — 6 Tvemde rCeba (saubaria TeTri Rvinis dayenebaze). Teberval-marნოემბერი, 2013 tSi Rvinosa da WaWas ganacalkeveben, Rvinos WaWidan moxsnian. amis Semdeg Rvino kvlav qvevrs ubrundeba, sadac igi garkveuli dro- iT kidev dahyofs. amgvari Rvinis qvevrSi Senaxva sakmaod xangrZlivi droiTaa SesaZlebeli da memarnis survilidan gamomdinare qvevrSi Rvino aTwleulobiTac ki SeiZleba darCes. qvevrSi amgvarad dayenebul Rvinos aRar esaWiroeba filtracia Tu qimiuri damuSaveba, amitomac igi absoluturad naturaluri produqtia. cxadia, aseTi Rvino ver iqneba iafi da misi fasi sxva, Cveulebrivi Rvinisagan unda gansxvavdebodes da gansxvavdeba kidec. unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTve- loSi Rvino mxolod kaxuri wesiT ar yendeboda qvevrSi. CvenSi meRvineobis regionebSi Rvinis dayenebis wesebi met-naklebad gansxvavebulia. magaliTad, imereTSi iqauri wesiT duRilisa da davargebis procesSi WaWis maqsimum erTi mesamedi nawili iRebs monawileobas. saqarTvelos regionebSi Rvinis dayenebis wesebSi gansxvavebas ganapirobebs niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi, adgilobrivi vaz zis jiSebi, tradiciebi da TviT k kulinariac ki. zogadad Rvinis q qarTulad dayenebaSi moiazr reba wiTeli Tu TeTri Rvinis W WaWis garkveul nawilTan kont taqti garkveuli droiT. am y yvelafers ilia WavWavaZem sakm maod vrceli narkvevi miuZRvna — „Rvinis qarTulad dayeneba“ ((1887w.), sadac igi ixilavs rog gorc saqarTvelos, ise ucxoeTis meRvineobis sakiTxebs; e erTmaneTs adarebs muxis kasrsa da qvevrs; qarTul maransa d da ucxoeTis Rvinis sardafs d da sxv. narkvevi - „Rvinis qarT Tulad dayeneba“ namdviladaa q qarTuli tradiciuli meRvineobis naTeli orientiri! qvevris Rvinis dayenebis saqm meSi erT-erT umTavres probl lemas maSin mivadeqiT, rodesac aaRmoCnda, rom qvevrSi Rvinis d dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli w wesi TiTqmis miviwyebuli da mitovebulia. es problema bolomde daZleulad jerxnobiT marTalia kidev ar iTvleba, magram gansxvaveba dRevandelsa da Tundac 10 wlis winandel mdgomareobas Soris udavod didia. maSin, rodesac gasuli saukunis dasawyisisTvis mTel saqarTveloSi saRvine WurWeli mxolod qvevri iyo da am WurWelSi aTiaTasobiT adamiani ayenebda Rvinos, gasuli saukunisave bolos da axali — XXI saukunis dasawyisSi qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebas aqa-iqRa Tu SevxvdebodiT... Tumaxali agraruli saqarTvelo 23 ჩვ ენი სიმდიდრე ჩვენი სიმდიდ რე ca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi qvevris Rvinis dayenebis 8000-wlian istorias wyveta ar ganucdia da igi dRemde uwyvetad grZeldeba. zemoTxsenebulma problemam, romelic saxelmwifos maSindeli mTavrobis mxridan masobrivi, iaffasiani Rvinis dayenebis strategiul miznad dasaxvam gamoiwvia, warmoSva meore, anarakleb didi problemac. kerZod ki is, rom saqarTveloSi TiTqmis mTlianad Cakvda Sinamrewvelobis iseTi unikaluri dargi, rogoric meqvevreobaa. es cxadicaa, radgan qvevris Rvino pirdapir kavSirSia WurWel qvevrTan. unda iTqvas, rom qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis princips zedmiwevniT miesadaga msoflio meRvine- procesi araerT riskTanacaa dakavSirebuli. qvevris Rvinis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom es procesi minimaluri CareviT iZleva srulyofil produqts, romelsac udavod Seswevs Zala gauwios konkurencia msoflios nebismier ZviradRirebul Rvinos, rac qarTulma qvevris Rvinom ukve araerTxel daamtkica. msoflio Rvinis bazari esesaa ixsneba saqarTvelosTvis da swored axlaa saWiro sifrTxile. rogorc araerTi ucxoeli eqsperti aRniSnavs da mogvmarTavs — Cven, qarTvelebma msoflio bazarze damkvidrebis pirveli da metad mniSvnelovani etapi warmatebiT gaviareT, rasac win uZRoda sakmaod rTuli — 10-15-wliani samuSao. obaSi wamowyebuli is axali mimarTuleba, rasac „naturaluri meRvineoba“ ewodeba da romeli mimarTulebac sul ufro da ufro popularuli xdeba. am yovelivem ganapiroba is, rom msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi warmoebulma naturalurma Rvinom da am saqmis aRorZinebam garkveulwilad qvevris Rvinis popularizaciasac Seuwyo xeli rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise ucxoeTSic. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qvevris Rvinod moiazreba ara is Rvino, romelic garkveuli droiT Caisxa qvevrSi (rogorc amas zogierTi Rvinis qarxana akeTebda aqamde), aramed rigi wesebis dacviT qvevrSi dayenebuli Rvino, rac sakmaod Sromatevadi procesia. amasTan, es es etapia qarTuli tradiciuli qvevris Rvinis popularizacia da misi istoriis marTebulad wardgena msoflio xalxebisaTvis. es yovelive araerTxel damtkicda ucxoeTis Rvinis gamofenebzec, radganac qarTul sagamofeno daxlebTan mosuli ucxoeli momxmarebeli pirvel rigSi qvevris Rvinos kiTxulobs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom maT ukve aqvT garkveuli informacia rogorc qarTul qvevris Rvinoze, ise Tavad qvevrzec. amJamad win gvidevs meore, ufro metad mniSvnelovani etapi. esaa msoflio bazrisTvis Rirseuli Rvinis miwodeba, radgan, rogorc iTqva, qvevris Rvinis aRorZinebis procesi dawyebulia, Tumca jerjerobiT iseTi Rvino, romelic 24 axali agraruli saqarTvelo Rirseulad wardgeba ucxoeTis bazarze, namdvilad Zalze cotaa. sakiTxs isic arTulebs, rom qvevris Rvinis dayenebas ar SeiZleba mieces masobrivi xasiaTi da igi ar unda iqces industriul Rvinod, ragind didi iyos masze moTxovna. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misi, rogorc unikaluri produqtis Rirsebac da fasic daecema. amitom qvevrSi Rvinis dayeneba marnebis saqmea da ara qarxnebisa! aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli unikaluri WurWliT — qvevriT ucxoeTSic sakmaod dainteresdnen. ukve araerTi welia, rac saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi qarTuli qvevrebi gaedineba. es yovelive misasalmebelia, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aRiniSneba, rom Rvino qvevrSia dayenebuli. samwuxarod, rig SemTxvevebSi qarTuli qvevri „amforad“ inaTleba, rac yovlad miuRebeli da dauSvebelia, radgan qvevri da amfora radikalurad gansxvavebuli WurWlebia (amfora — esaa Tixis, daaxloebiT 10-50-litriani oryura berZnuli warmoSobis WurWeli, romelic gamoiyeneboda zeTis, Rvinisa da sxvaTa transportirebisaTvis). am ori WurWlis erTmaneTSi gaigiveba qvevrsa da masSi dayenebul unikalur Rvinos msoflio RvinoebSi ise gaTqvefs, rom Cveni unikaluri WurWlis saxeli sabolood daikargeba. amiT ki Cveni Sansi, rom Cvenive unikaluri produqciiT davmkvidrdeT msoflio bazarze, erTi aTad gaZneldeba. kidev erTi problema, romelsac Cveni qveynis tradiciuli meRvineobis sfero miadga, esaa termin qvevris transliteraciis sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom rig SemTxvevebSi sityva qvevrs laTinurad weren, rogorc Qvevri, arada es termini ar aris marTebuli. literaturulad gamarTuli da marTebulia — Kvevri da ara Qvevri, rasac adasturebs da masze saboloo samecniero daskvnas iZleva saqarTvelos enaTmecnierebis instituti (arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti. werili #59/105. #59 105. 08.05.2013w.). swored amitom imisaTvis, rom ar moxdes gaoreba da aman garkveuli problemebi ar Segviqmnas, Cven unda gamoviyenoT terminis mxolod ნოემბერი, 2013 ჩვე ნი სიმდიდრე ჩვენი marTebuli transliteracia, rogoricaa — Kvevri. am etapze qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebasa da mis boTlebSi Camosxmas ZiriTadad kaxeTSi aqvs aqtiuri xasiaTi, sadac amJamad 20-mde marani eweva saqmianobas. boTlSi Camosxmul qvevris Rvinos awarmoeben aseve: guriaSi, qarTlSi, leCxumSi da imereTSi, Tumca ki erTeulebi. qvevrSi Rvinis mwarmoebelTa erTi nawili CarTulia Rvinis turizmSic, rac kidev ufro uwyobs xels qarTuli tradiciuli qvevris Rvinis popularizacias. daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saqarTvelodan eqsportirebuli Rvinis mTliani raodenobidan qvevris Rvinis wili jerjerobiT mxolod mizeria da Seadgens daaxloebiT 1 — 2%-s, magram CvenSi rogorc axali marnebis mSenebloba ise Zvelebis restavracia, Tu rekonstruqcia ufro da ufro aqtiur xasiaTs iRebs. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, qarTuli Rvinis eqsportSi gaizrdeba qvevris Rvinis wilic, rac uaxloes wlebSivea mosalodneli, Tuki, ra Tqma unda, sakiTxs swori mimarTuleba miecema. qarTuli Rvinis kulturas msoflioSi Zveli qarTuli vazis jiSebidan tradiciuli meTodiT dayenebuli qvevris Rvino gauTqvams saxels, xolo aseTi Rvinis dayeneba ojaxur marnebSi an mcire sawarmoebSia SesaZlebeli, romelTa aSeneba did TanxebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. amitomac misasalmebeli iqneba, Tu am saqmeSi saxelmwifoc CaerTveba da xels Seuwyobs rogorc Zveli marnebis aRdgenas, ise axlebis mSeneblobasac. qarTuli qvevris Rvinis cnobadoba da moTxovnileba msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sul ufro moimatebs da amisTvis aqtiuri s mz s swo sw red r xla un nda dasam zadisi ax viwyoT. amrigad, saqarTvelos meRvineobis orientiri qvevri da maranSi dayenebuli qvevris Rvino unda iyos. es ukanaskneli ki udavod gaxdeba zogadad qarTuli Rvinis gzamkvlevi msoflio Rvinis urTules bazarze. giorgi barisaSvili, mcxeTa, 2013w. დამზადებულია საქართველოში Txevadi huminur-organuli sasuqi `agrovita~ Txevadi huminur-organuli sasuqi „agrovitas“ gamoyeneba marcvlovan kulturebSi, herbicidebTan da mcenareTa dacvis sxva saSualebebTan erT kombinaciaSi. Sps „agrovita“ momxmarebels sTavazobs organul-mineralur sasuqs, romelic aris farTo moqmedebis speqtris da dabalansebulia makro da mikroelementebiT. misi gamoyeneba xdeba yvela saxis mcenareTa gamokvebisaTvis, nebismier regionSi, mcenareTa ganviTarebis yvela fazaSi. „agrovitas“ gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT efeqturia marcvlovan kulturebSi herbicidebTan erT kombinaciaSi. bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi aRniSnuli sasuqi farTod iyo gamoyenebuli marcvlovan kulturebSi (xorbali, qeri, simindi, mzesumzira da sxva) herbicidebTan da fungicidebTan erTad. dadginda, rom „agrovitas“ gamoyenebiT mniSvnelovani Sedegebi miiRweva: 1. kulturuli mcenare (xorbali, simindi, mzesumzira Tu sxva) Tavisufldeba herbicidiT gamowveuli stresisagan da agrZelebs normalur zrda-ganviTarebas; ნოემბერი, 2013 2. izrdeba herbicidis efeqturoba, rac ganpirobebulia sarevela mcenareebis mier herbicidis SeTvisebis gaaqtiurebiT; 3. xdeba kulturuli mcenaris foTlovani gamokveba dabalansebuli mikro da makroelementebiT; 4. Txevadi sasuqis herbicidTan erT kombinaciaSi gamoyeneba ar zrdis sameurneo xarjebs; 5. Sesabamisad izrdeba mosavlianoba da umjobesdeba moweuli produqciis xarisxi; mecnierulad dadgenilia mcenareuli ujredis moTxovnileba ZiriTad sakveb elementebze. cnobilia, rom mcenareTa normaluri zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis 16 ZiriTadi elementia saWiro. aqedan sams — naxSirbads, Jangbads da wyalbads mcenare uSualod atmosferodan iRebs. danarCen 13 elementze mcenareuli ujredis moTxovnilebas uzrunvelyobs niadagi, sasuqebi an sxvadasxva organuli naerTebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeuli sakvebi elementi mcenaris ujredSi asrulebs Tavis specifikur rols, rac imas niSnavs, rom misi Secvla romelime sxva elementiT SeuZlebelia. axali agraruli saqarTvelo 25 დამზადებულია საქართველოში yvela kvebiTi elementi gayofilia sam ZiriTad jgufad: makroelementebi — azoti, fosfori da kaliumi; mezoelementebi — kalciumi, magniumi da gogirdi; mikroelementebi — rkina, marganeci, bori, cinki, spilenZi, molibdeni da qlori. makro da mezoelementebi mcenares sWirdeba yvelaze didi raodenobiT, radganac isini ujredis komponentebis ZiriTadi Semadgenlebia, m.S. iseTis rogoricaa cila, nukleinis mJavebi, naxSirwylebi, qlorofili da sxva. isini aseve mniSvnelovan rols asruleben iseT fiziologiur procesebSi, rogoricaa sunTqva, kosmiuri wnevis regulireba da sxva. mikroelementebis mTavari roli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini Sedian fermentebis SemadgenlobaSi da warmarTaven bioqimiur procesebs ujredSi. mikroelementebis nakleboba iwvevs ara marto mosavlianobis Semcirebas, aramed mcenareTa mravali daavadebis gamomwvevi da zog SemTxvevaSi kvdomis mizezic xdeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu niadagSi an atmosferoSi mcenarisaTvis saWiro romelime sakvebi elementis deficitia (arasakmarisi raodenobiTaa an ver axerxebs mcenare mis aTvisebas) mcenare ver ganviTardeba normalurad da sasurveli mosavlis miReba SeuZlebelia. rodesac erTi romelime elementis deficitia mcenaris kvebiT racionSi, es xels uSlis sxva elementebis efeqturobas nivTierebaTa cvlaSi. sakveb racionSi deficituri elementis Setanis SemTxvevaSi balansi da yvela sxva elementis efeqturobac aRdgeba. arsebobs mcenareTa gamokvebis ori meTodi—fesvuri da foTlovani. amjerad ganvixilavT foTlovan gamokvebas da mis mniSvnelovan rols Tanamedrove soflis meurneobaSi.kvebiTi elementebis miwodeba foTlis zedapiridan aris sasargeblo Sevseba mcenareTa gamokvebaSi. „foTlovani gamokveba“ — esaa sakvebi elementebis miwodeba foTlebidan da ylortebidan Sefrqvevis meTodiT. mecnierTa mier dadgenilia, rom mcenaris ujredi foTlebidan ufro swrafad iTvisebs sakveb elementebs, vidre fesvebidan. foTlovani kvebis upiratesoba swored sasuqis SeTvisebis siswrafeSia. foTlovani gamokveba Seucvlelia maSin, rodesac saWiroa dakninebul mcenareTa swrafi reanimacia. aseT kritikul situaciaSi „saswrafo daxmarebis“ rolSi gvevlineba swored foTlovani kveba, romelic uzrunvelyofs mcenaris operatiul gadarCenas. foTlovani gamokvebiT aseve SesaZlebelia mcenares SevuvsoT calkeuli kvebiTi elementebis deficiti. igigansakuTrebiT efeqturia araxelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis dadgomis SemTxvevaSi, roca mcenareul ujredSi nivTierebaTa cvlis procesebi Seferxebulia. es procesebi Tan axlavs civ da wvimian gazafxuls an gvalvebs. am dros mcenarisaTvis mxolod foTlovani kvebiT aris SesaZlebeli aucilebeli sakvebi elementebis miwodeba.foTlovani gamokveba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens saSemodgomo marcvlovani kulturebis SemTxvevaSi. Semodgomis da gazafxulis periodSi stresuli situaciebis dros (dabali temperatura, Ramis wayinvebi, naleqebis nakleboba da sxva) praqtikulad SeCerebulia fesvuri kveba. niadagSi 26 axali agraruli saqarTvelo sakvebi elementebis optimaluri arsebobis pirobebSic ki fesvTa sistemebiT SeTviseba ver xorcieldeba. gansakuTrebiT ferxdeba azotis da fosforis SeTviseba. am pirobebSi mcenaris normaluri zrda-ganviTareba sagrZnoblad ferxdeba, rac saboloo jamSi aisaxeba mosavlianobaze. aseT situaciebSi gamosavali foTlovan gamokvebaSi mdgomareobs. dRes bazarze arsebuli sasuqebi, Semadgenlobis mixedviT, pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos Semdeg jgufebad: martivi anu erTkomponentiani — Seicaven erT sakveb elements. aseTi sasuqebi Seicaven erT konkretul elements: azots, fosfors an kaliums. aseve arsebobs martivi orkomponentiani sasuqebi, romlebic erT naerTSi Seicaven or sakveb elements. ase magaliTad, azots da fosfors, kaliums an kalciums azotTan erTad, fosfors kaliumTan erTad da sxva. kompleqsuri anu rTuli — romlebic Seicaven erTdroulad ramdenime komponents, m.S. mikroelementebs. moxmarebis wesis mixedviT: wyalSi xsnadi — maTi gamoyeneba xdeba xsnadi formiT, morwyvis sistemiT da foTlovani (arafesvuri) gamokvebis meTodiT. aseTi Tanamedrove sasuqebi ar Seicaven uxsnad minarevebs, Tavsebadebia umetes pesticidebTan da SesaZlebelia maTi gamoyeneba erT samuSao xsnarSi; granulirebuli — niadagSi vegetaciis sxvadasxva periodSi mSrali saxiT SetanisaTvis. saqarTvelos bazarze ukanasknel periodSi iyideba rogorc importuli, aseve adgilobrivi warmoebis Txevadi sasuqebi, romlebic warmatebiT gamoiyenebian foTlovani gamokvebisaTvis. maTi moxmareba efeqturia rogorc sasaTbure pirobebSi, aseve Ria gruntSi. maTi upiratesoba imaSic gamoixateba, rom isini Tavsebadia bazarze amJamad arsebul ZiriTad pesticidebTan da erTidaigive danaxarjebiT SesaZlebelia mcenaris gamokvebac da dacvac mavneblebisa da daavadebebisagan. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia Txevadi sasuqebis gamoyeneba herbicidebTan erT kombinaciaSi. am dros kulturuli mcenare Tavisufldeba herbiciduli stresisagan da xdeba misi gamokveba dabalansebuli makro da mikroelementebiT. Cveni kompaniis mier SemoTavazebuli Txevadi sasuqi „agrovita“ saSualebas iZleva gamoyenebuli iyos nebismieri s/s kulturis gamokvebisaTvis Teslis damuSavebidan vegetaciis bolomde da aseve niadagis ganoyierebisaTvis SemodgomiT an gazafxulze miwis damuSavebis dros. sasuqi Tavsebadia bazarze arsebul sxva tipis sasuqebTan da mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebTan — herbicidebTan, fungicidebTan da inseqticidebTan. misi moxmareba erT kombinaciaSi aumjobesebs sasuqebis da mcenareTa dacvis sxva saSualebebis moqmedebis efeqts. „agrovita“ warmatebiT gamoiyeneba ekologiurad sufTa produqciis mwarmoebel meurneobebSi, rogorc ekologiurad usafrTxo preparati. qristo kaxniaSvili, biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, Sps „agrovitas“ inovaciuri proeqtebis menejeri ნოემბერი, 2013 gamoiyeneba yvela saxis mcenareTa gamokvebisaTvis, aseve niadagis ganoyierebisaTvis. Seicavs mcenarisaTvis aucilebel biologiurad aqtiur naerTebs da dabalansebulia mikro- da makroelementebiT. ixsneba wyalSi da Tavsebadia mcenareTa dacvis sxva saSualebebTan da sasuqebTan. usafrTxoa adamianisa da sxva cocxali organizmebisaTvis. Semadgenloba: ba: organuli naerTebis (C) ( ) saerTo Semcveloba > 15%, saerTo azoti (N)>3.0%, )>3.0%, fosfori (P) ( ) — 2.3%, kaliumi (K) ( ) — 1.6%, pH pH-8.5-9.5 -8.5-9.5 Sps „agrovita“, germanuli kompania BASF BASF-is -is warmomadgenloba saqarTveloSi Tbilisi, wereTlis 142 ofisi 15 [email protected] www.agrovitae.ge tel/faq tel faqsi: 032 2 341 678 mob.: 597 17 07 09 rekomendaciebi moxmarebis Sesaxeb: 1. fesvidan kveba: „agrovitas“ 1,0 % wyalxsnariT; 2. foTlovani kveba: 0,5-1,0 % wyalxsnariT; 3. niadagis ganoyiereba: 4-5 litri heqtarze; 4. CiTilebis, nergebis, bolqvebis Calboba 1,0% wyalxsnarSi; 5. Teslis damuSaveba 1,0% wyalxsnariT. rekomendebulia vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi 3-4 jeradi gamoyeneba.xels uwyobs mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebas da aZlierebs imunitets. xilis axali jiSebi saqarTveloSi vaSli erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi xexilovani kulturaa msoflioSi, misi warmoebis wliuri moculoba 48-50 mln tonas aRwevs (FAO (FAO-stat, -stat, 2009). mravalferovania vaSlis jiSuri asortimentic, evropis vaSlis monacemTa bazaSi aRnusxulia 15 000-mde jiSi da seleqciuri forma, miuxedavad genofondis aseTi mravalferovnebisa, samrewvelo daniSnulebiT gavrceleba hpova mxolod 120-150-ma jiSma. warmoebuli vaSlis 80 %-ze meti sul ramdenime jiSze modis, romelTagan wamyvani golden deliSesi da red deliSesia. msoflioSi ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi SeiniSneba vaSlis jiSuri asortimentis mkveTri gadaxalisebis procesi, umetesad axali seleqciuri jiSebis xarjze, rogorebicaa gala, fuji, orini, mucu, valstari da a.S. didia interesi qarTvel mexile fermerebSic axali jiSebis danergvis mimarTulebiT, gamomdinare aqedan, qvemoT gTavazobT informacias zogierTi Tanamedrove jiSis biologiur-sameurneo Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRwerili jiSebis ZiriTadi nawili introducirebulia USAID USAID-is -is proeqt „AGVANTAGE „AGVANTAGE”-s ”-s iniciativiT, aRniSnuli jiSebis sargavi masala xelmisawvdomia S.p.s „kompleqs agros” sanerge meurneobaSi. misamarTi: qarelis raioni, sofeli bebnisi, Tbilisi — xaSuris gzatkecilidan 800 metrSi. telefoni: 599516373; 599 53861; 599 789796. vaSli (sa (saZire MM 106, MM 107, M9, M9 (T337), M9 EMLA, NIC 29 29) biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdisaa, adre Sedis msxmoiarobaSi, SedarebiT gamZlea nacrisa da qecisadmi. marketinguli po tencia li: ZiriTadad gavr celebulia holandiaSi, Sveica ria sa da ger maniaSi. arle eti ti — ARLET warmoSoba: Sveicariuli jiSia, miRebulia golden deliSesisa da aidaredis SejvarebiT. feri: wiTeli krefis periodi: seqtembris meore-mesame dekada, inaxeba Teberval-martamde. nayofi: saSualo zomis, momrgvalo-konusuri, rbilobi, wvniani, gemo momJavo-motkbo, originaluri aromatiT. 28 axali agraruli saqarTvelo kortlandi — CORTLAND warmoSoba: mekintoSisgan miRebuli amerikuli jiSia. feri: wiTeli krefis periodi: seqtembris mesame dekada. inaxeba Tebervalmartamde. nayofi: msxvili, mobrtyo-momrgvalo formis, motkbo-momJavo gemosi. biol ol/sa sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdis, adremsxmoiare da uxvmosavliania. marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebulia aSS-Si. fuji (NAGA-FU 12) RED FUJI warmoSoba: iaponuri jiSia, miRebulia rals janetisa da deliSesis SejvarebiT. feri: wiTelzoliani. krefis periodi: oqtombris Sua ricxvebi, inaxeba maisamde. nayofi: saSualo an msxvili zomis, momrgvalo formis, mkvrivi rbilobiT, maRali gemuri TvisebebiT, gamokveTili sitkboTi da aromatiT. ნოემბერი, 2013 golden deliSesi — GOLDEN REINDERS (kloni reindersi) gamoyvanilia holandiaSi 1962 wels. golden deliSesis erT erTi saukeTeso klonia. nayofi mogrZo biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: saSualo Zlieri zrdisa, uxvmsxmoiarea, mgrZnobiarea qecisadmi. marketinguli potenciali: vaSlis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli jiSia msoflioSi. varebiT, SedarebiT Zveli klonia. gala galaqsi — GALA GALAX es kloni aRmoaCines axal zelandiaSi, hoks biiSi 1985 wels, am jiformisaa, sxva klonebTan SedarebiT naklebad ikeTebs bades. gala — GALA geil-gala — GALE GALA warmoSoba: axalzelandiuri jiSia, miRebulia kids oranJ redisa da golden deliSesis jiSisgan. geil-gala am jiSis axali klonia. feri: wiTeli krefis periodi: seqtembris Sua ricxvebi, inaxeba Tebervlamde. nayofi: momrgvalo-konusuri, saSualo zomis (165-170 grami). saukeTeso gemuri TvisebebiT. geilgala intensiuri wiTlad Seferili klonia. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdisaa, adre Sedis msxmoiarobaSi, uxvmosavliania (55-80 kg erT xeze), moiTxovs or vadaSi krefas. marketinguli potenciali: gala erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli da Zviri jiSia msoflioSi. gala masti — GALA MAST es klonic gamoyvanilia axal zelandiaSi 1962 wels kids oranJ redisa da golden deliSesis Sejნოემბერი, 2013 aidaredi _ IDARED warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia, miRebulia jonaTanisa da vagneris SejvarebiT. feri: wiTeli Sis erT erT uaxles da saukeTeso maxasiaTeblebis mqone klonad iTvleba. golden deliSesi — GOLDEN GIBSON (gibsonis kloni) warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia, gibsonic warmoadgens am jiSis erT-erT uaxles klons. feri: yviTeli krefis periodi: seqtembris bolo — oqtombris dasawyisi, inaxeba aprilamde. nayofi: konusuri, saSualo an msxvili zomisaa. gibsonis kloni krefis periodi: oqtombris dasawyisi, kargad inaxeba april-maisamde. nayofi: saSualo an msxvili, mobrtyo-momrgvalo, momJavo-motkbo, kargi gemoTi. biol ol/sa sameur Taviseburebani: xe nagala zrdisaa, adre Sedis msxmoiarobaSi, maRalmosavliania. marketinguli potenciali: saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis metad perspeqtiulia. jonamaki — JONAMAC warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. miRebulia jonaTanisa da mekintoSis SejvarebiT. gamoirCeva naklebi badianobiT da didi woniT (160 dan 230 gramamde) biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdisaa, intensiurad SefoTlili, maRalmosavliani, moiTxovs normirebas. marketinguli potenciali: msoflios wamyvani jiSia. axali agraruli saqarTvelo 29 feri: wiTeli krefis periodi: seqtembris Sua ricxvebi, inaxeba mart-aprilamde. nayofi: msxvili, momrgvalo formis, jonaTanis msgavsi motkbo-momJavo gemoTi. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdisaa, uxvmsxmoiarea. ziandeba nacriT. marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebulia qveynebSi, sadac jonaTania popularuli. lodi — LODI warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. rusuli jiSis „beli nalivis” klonia. feri: yviTeli krefis periodi: ivlisis pirvel naxevarSi, inaxeba 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. nayofi: msxvili, Txeli da nazi kaniT da kargi gemoTi. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe Zlieri zrdisaa, uxvmsxmoiarea, naklebad ziandeba nacriT. marketinguli potenciali: popularulia aSS-Si, rogorc kargi gemuri Tvisebebis sazafxulo vaSli. red makintoSi — RED MACINTOSH warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. mekintoSi intensiuri wiTeli klonia. feri: wiTeli iisferi. krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi. inaxeba Tebervlamde. nayofi: saSualo zomis, kargi momJavo-motkbo gemoTi. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo an Zlieri zrdisaa, maRalmosavliania. ziandeba nacriT. mucu — MUTSU (krispini) warmoSoba: iaponuri jiSia, miRebulia golden deliSesisa da indos SejvarebiT. feri: momwvano-moyviTalo. krefis s pe p ri r odi: oq qtom mbr bris s Sua ricxvebi, kargi SenaxvisunarianobiT, inaxeba april-maisamde. nayofi: msxvili, golden deliSesis msgavsi formis, kargi gemuri TvisebebiT. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe Zlieri zrdis da maRalmosavliania. mtveri steriluria. marketinguli potenciali: xasiaTdeba maRali sabazro moTxovniT msoflio samomxmareblo bazarze. saukeTeso gemoTi da aromatiT. gavrcelebulia aSS-Si. qarTul bazarze „somxuri goldenis” saxeliTaa cnobili. orini — ORIN warmoSoba: iaponuri jiSia. miRebulia golden deliSesisa da indos SejvarebiT. gansxvavebuli aromatiT da gamorCeuli tkbili gemoTi. biol ol/sa sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdisaa da adre Sedis msxmoiarobaSi. marketinguli potenciali: SedarebiT axali jiSia, samomxmareblo bazarze ikavebs mucus niSas. red deliSesi — RED DELICIOUS (midnaiT spuri) warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. midnaiT spuri oregon spuris wiTeli klonia. feri: wiTeli. krefis periodi: seqtembris bolo, inaxeba mart-aprilamde. nayofi: konusuri formis, msxvili, intensiur wiTlad Seferili. biol ol/sa sameur Taviseburebani: xe nagala zrdis, uxvadSefoTlili, adremsxmoiarea. marketinguli potenciali: erTerTi wamyvani jiSia msoflioSi. valstari — VALSTAR warmoSoba: elstari holandiuri jiSia, miRebulia golden deliSesisa da ingrid maris SejvarebiT. valstari elstaris wiTeli klonia. feri: wiTeli. krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi, inaxeba Teberval-martamde. nayofi: momrgvalo formis, saSualo zomis, gamorCeuli gemuri TvisebebiT. feri: momwvano-moyviTalo. krefis periodi: oqtombris Sua ricxvebi, inaxeba maisamde. nayofi: momrgvalo, msxvili, gamokveTili kanqveSa nacrisferi wertilebiT, rbilobi mkvrivi, 30 axali agraruli saqarTvelo ნოემბერი, 2013 biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe saSualo zrdisaa, midrekilia badianobisken. marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebuli da popularulia belgiasa da holandiaSi. uelsi — WELLS warmoSoba: Zveli amerikuli jiSia. feri: wiTelgverdiani. krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi, inaxeba dekembramde. nayofi: mobrtyo, saSualo zomis, kargi momJavo-motkbo gemoTi. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe Zlieri zrdisaa, midrekilia nayofis cvenisadmi. marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebulia aSS-Si. liberti — LIBERTY warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. qecisadmi imunuria. feri: wiTelgverdiani. krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi, inaxeba martamde. nayofi: saSualo zomis, gemuri Tvisebebi damakmayofilebeli. moiTxovs or vadaSi krefas. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe Zlieri zrdisaa. marketinguli potenciali: perspeqtiulia, rogorc qecisadmi imunuri jiSi dasavleT saqarTvelos regionebSi gavrcelebisaTvis. ნოემბერი, 2013 grani smiti — GRANNY SMITH warmoSoba: uZvelesi avstraliuri jiSia. warmoSobilia franguli jiSisagan. gamoCnda 1868 wels, aRmoaCina margaret smitma. feri: masiurad mwvane. krefis periodi: oqtombris pirveli naxevari, inaxeba aprilamde. nayofi: saSualo zomis, xraSuna. momJavo, wvniani. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe Zlieri zrdisaa. marketinguli potenciali: saqarTvelos bazarze erT-erTi yveindian samer krabi warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia, krabebis (wvrilnayofa vaSli) rigs miekuTvneba. xasiaTdeba intensiuri da xangrZlivi periodis yvavilobiT. erT-erTi saukeTeso damamtverianebelia. x nadi daa maRaali fasis laze moTxov mqone jiSia. jonagoldi — JONAGOLD warmoSoba: gamoyvanilia amerikaSi 1943 wels jonaTanisa da golden deliSesis SejvarebiT. feri: moyviTalo momwvanoa, mTel zedapirze gasdevs mowiTalo zolebi. krefis periodi: sagviano jiSia, mwifdeba seqtembris bolos — oqtombris pirvel dekadaSi, inaxeba martamde. nayofi: msxvilia — 180-220 grami, mrgvali formisa da mimzidveli Sexedulebisaa, xasiaTdeba SesaniSnavi aromatiTa da gemoTi, rbilobi kremisferi-moyviTaloa, mkvrivi da wvniania. biol/sa ol sameur Taviseburebani: malemsxmoiare, Zalian uxvmosavliani jiSia. qecisadmi zomierad mdgradia. marketinguli potenciali: erTerTi popularuli jiSia msoflioSi. winaswari SekveTis SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia, mogawodoT vaSlis, qliavisa da atmis Semdegi nergebi: vaSli pinova — Pinova gold pinki — Gold Pink braberni — Braubern qrimson krispi -Crimson Krisp red kapi — Red Kap superCifi — Super Chief jeromini — Jeromine qliavi (saZireebi: Teslnergi, Ishtara, Mrs 29 29) stenli — Stanlay prezidenti — President anjeleno — Angeleno empresi — Empress friari — Friar emerald biuti — Emerald Beaut simka — Simca santa roza — Santa Rosa satsuma — Satsuma atami saturni — Saturn red goldi — Red Gold (neqtarini) veterani — Veteran redheveni — RED Heven erli redheveni — Early RED Heven svit skarleti — Sweet Scarlet axali agraruli saqarTvelo 31 აგრო წესებ ი აგროწესები marwyvis warmoebis saxelmZRvanelo gagrZeleba. dasaw. me-8-9 nomerSi. nawili IV marwyvis warmoeba daxurul gruntze mravali mwarmoeblis mizania marwyvis mosavlis ufro adre aReba an zamTris ganmavlobaSi warmoeba. am periodebSi sabazro fasebi, rogorc wesi, Zalian maRalia. imisaTvis, rom adreul gazafxulze Sida qarTlSi iyos mwife marwyvi an zamTris ganmavlobaSi samegrelos regionSi, aucilebeli iqneba garkveuli saxis damcavi struqturis an safaris mowyoba marwyvis nargavebisTvis. es, rogorc wesi, moicavs marwyvis moyvanas polieTileniT dafaruli dabali gvirabebis qveS an maRali gvirabebis qveS. garda amisa, aseT periodSi warmoebisas saWiroa saadreo jiSebis aqtiurad mzardi nargavebis gamoyeneba. suraTi 28. marwyvis nargavebi Semofarglul maRal gvirabSi zamTarSi (marcxniv) da naxevrad Ria maRal gvirabSi gazafxulze (marjvniv). naxvarwred rigis Tavze (suraTi 27). temperaturis cvlilebisTvis SesaZlebelia gverdebis da zeda nawilis gaxsna. maRali gvirabebi maRali gvirabebi — esaa ZiriTadad saTburebi, romlebic ar Tbeba da dafarulia gamWvirvale erTfeniani 6 mil (0.15 mm) polieTilenis feniT da damagrebulia lidabali gvirabebi dabali gvirabebi ZiriTadad Tonis CarCos salteebiT (suraTi esaa mini-saTburebi, romlebic ar 28). maRali gvirabebi uzrunvelTbeba da faravs marwyvis calke- yofs garemos kontrolis saSuaul rigebs. isini dafarulia gam- lo dones Ria gruntSi warmoebisa Wvirvale polieTilenis feniT, da gaTbobis sistemis mqone saTromelic damagrebulia msxvil burebs Soris. isini uzrunvelmavTulebze, romlebic moxrilia yofs ukeTesi temperaturis da g remos kontrols ga d bal gvirabebTan da S darebiT. arsebobs Se mravali stilis maR li gvirabebi, magRa r ram yvela maTgani S mnilia erT konSeq struqciaSi marwyv vis ramdenime rigis m sacavad. gverdebi mo d boloebi SeiZleba da aikecos an gaixsnas v tilaciis mizniT ven S darebiT Tbil TveSe e Si. eb suraTi 27. marwyvis warmoeba dabali gvirabebis qveS. 32 axali agraruli saqarTvelo irigacia saqarTveloSi warmoebuli marwyvisaTvis saWiroa morwyvis damatebiTi wyaro. wvimis moculoba da ganawileba sazogadod ar aris sakmarisi marwyvis nargavis optimaluri zrdisTvis. xangrZlivi mSrali periodebi nayofis ganviTarebisas gamoiwvevs mcire da xSirad uformo nayofis miRebas. irigacia xels uwyobs nargavis ufro erTgvarovan zrdas, iZleva Txevadi sasuqis gamoyenebis (fertigation),rig SemTxvevebSi ki yinvisgan dacvis SesaZleblobas. marwyvisTvis Sesaferisi wylis miwodebis ori meTodia — wveTovani irigacia da sprinkleriT irigacia. Tumca, wveTovani irigacia gacilebiT sasurvelia (suraTi 29). misi upiratesobebi moicavs wylis da energiis moxmarebis dabal maCvenebels, tenianobis erTgvarovani donis SenarCunebas da nayofis sidamplis gaZlierebas. susti mxareebi moicavs sufTa wylis wyaros saWiroebas, periodulad Secvlis saWiroebas da mRrRnelebis mier sarwyavi xazebis SesaZlo dazianebas. zemodan sprinkleriT irigacia ar aris rekomendebuli marwyvis warmoebisas, vinaidan amiT SeiZleba gaZlierdes foTlebis daavadebis da nayofis sidamplis maCvenebeli. ნოემბერი, 2013 აგროწეს ები აგროწესები sura s r Ti 29. 29 wve w Tovani n sar s rw wyavi mi m lebis b s er rTi xa x zi, z ro r me m lic mo m Tavse s bu b lia kvlis centrSi, rwyavs marwyvis 2 rigs. temperatura, fardobiTi tenianoba, mzis Suqis raodenoba, qari, atmosferuli naleqi da nargavis zoma da mdgomareoba gavlenas axdens morwyvis saWiroebasa da sixSireze. nargavebi unda moirwyas aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi niadagis kvlebSi tenianobis SesanarCuneblad. saWiroa wylis sakmarisi moculobis gamoyeneba, raTa niadagis zeda 20 sm polieTilenis mulCis an Calis qveS SenarCundes notiod 25 sm-zewveTovani sarwyavi xazis orive mxares. niadagis tenianobis Sefaseba niadagis tenianobis Sesafaseblad da morwyvis drois gansazRvrisTvis xSirad kargi meTodia niadagis muWSi damrgvaleba.niadagis nimuSi unda aiRoT 15 sm siRrmeze. sac saWiroa morwyvis dawyeba. Tu aRebuli niadagi ikvreba burTad, es niSnavs, rom niadagis tenianoba sakmarisia da morwyva ar aris aucilebeli (suraTi 30). morwyvis dro da sarwyavi wylis moculobis gansazRvrac SeiZleba niadagis tensiometris gamoyenebiT (naxati 31). es mcire tenianobis sazomi zondebi unda Caidgas niadagSi ise, rom wverma CaaRwios 15 sm siRrmeze. rodesac niadagis tenianoba 15 sm siRrmeze da daaxloebiT 10 sm-ze wveTovani sarwyavi milebis gverdiT ecema nakveTis tentevadobis 40%-ze dabla, es niSnavs, rom morwyvis dawyebis droa. tentevadobis 100%-ze an am donesTan axlos dasabruneblad saWiroa sakmarisi raodenobiT wyliT morwyva. es Seesabameba tensiometris daaxloebiT 5 sentibars. Tu maCvenebeli ufro dabalia, es niSnavs, rom Zalian bevri wyalia dasxmuli. tensiometri — qviSian-lamovan niadagebSi sakmaod swrafad reagirebs niadagis tenianobis cvlilebaze da maTze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba morwyvis Sewyvetis drois gansazRvra. wylis xarisxi sura s r Ti 30. 30 ro r desac s ni n adagi sak s ma m rir sad teniania, ikvreba burTi, romelic SekumSviT ar iSleba. rodesac niadagis am siRrmidan aRebuli niadagi ar Seikvreba myar burTad, muWSi SekumSvisas tenianoba dacemulia im doneze, rodeნოემბერი, 2013 saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi marwyvis mosarwyavad gamoyenebuli wylis gamtaroba ar unda iyos (ECw) 0.6 ds/m-ze maRali. marwyvis morwyvisas wyliT, romlis ECw 0.9 ds/ m-ia, rogorc wesi, mosavlianoba Semcirdeba 10%-iT. SedarebiT maRali marilianobis mqone sarwyavi wylis SemTxvevaSi mosavlianobis Semcirebis maCvenebeli kidev ufro maRali iqneba. marwyvisTvis dasaSvebia marilianoba mxolod 1.2 ds/m-mde (ECe). mosavali mcirdeba daaxloebiT 10%-iT, rodesac niadagis marilianoba Seadgens 1.3 ds/m-s, 25%-iT 1.8 ds/m-is, xolo 50%-iT iseTi niadagis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac ECe 2.3 ds/m-s Seadgens. rogorc wesi, marwyvi iRupeba, rodesac niadagis ECe aRemateba 3.0 ds/m-s. rodesac niadagis ECe aRemateba 1.2 ds/m-s, saWiroa moxdes marwyvis fesvTa sistemis sivrcidan (mag. zeda 20 sm) safuZvlianad gamomarileba wvimiT an dabali marilianobis mqone sarwyavi wyliT (≤ 0.6 sd/m ECw). suraTi 31. tensiometri niadagis tenianobis gasazomad. sasuqebis Warbi odenobis gamoyenebis Sedegad droTa ganmavlobaSi narCeni sasuqi marilebisgan niadagis arasakmarisi gamomarilebis Sedegad niadagSi SeiZleba swrafad dagrovdes xsnadi marilis maRali done. marilianobis kontrolisTvis wveTovani sarwyavis pirobebSi, rogorc wesi, saWiroa niadagis gamomarileba wvimiT an dawvimebis sarwyavi sistemiT. marilis toqsikuroba iwvevs marwyvis foTlebis mtvrevas da fesvebis gayavisfrebas da daRupvas. marilis dagroveba damTrgunvelad moqmedebs nargavebis siZaxali agraruli saqarTvelo 33 აგრო წესებ ი აგროწესები liereze da aferxebs zrdas. niadagis Warbi marilianobis damaxasiaTebeli simptomia foTlis kidis msubuqi an mwvave nekrozi. SedarebiT asakovani, SedarebiT Camoyalibebuli nargavebi, romlebsac fesvTa sistema Rrmad aqvT ganviTarebuli, rogorc wesi, ufro ukeT itanen marilis maRal dones. niadagis Warbi marilianoba SeiZleba saqarTveloSi marwyvis warmoebisTvis mniSvnelovan dabrkolebas warmoadgendes. wveTovani irigacia sura s r Ti 32. 32 wve w Tovani n sar s rw wyavi sis s stema m marm r wyvis patara nakveTisTvis, romelic TviTdinebiT awvdis wyals. wveTovani sarwyavi sistemis saxeoba, romelic yvelaze metad Sesabamisia marwyvis warmoebisTvis saqarTveloSi — esaa wneviT kompensirebu- li drekadi milebi (anu T-tape) mTian adgilebSi gamoyenebisaTvis da wneviT kompensirebis gareSe drekadi milebi swori farTobebisaTvis. am tipis milebidan wyali Jonavs mTel sigrZeze. milebSi sawveTurebs Soris distancia unda Seadgendes 30 sm-s da saaTSi unda gamodiodes 2-4 litramde wyali. saqaCis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi wylis miwodeba SesaZlebelia sairigacio milebis wyalmomaragebis avzis SemaRlebul adgilze dadgmiT da wylis TviTdinebiT miwodebiT (suraTi 32). yvela wveTovani sarwyavi sistemisTvis saWiroa kargi wylis filtri, wylis wyaros miuxedavad,aseve — wnevis maregulirebeli. მეც ნიე რე ბ ა მეცნიერება aWaris istoriaSi pirvelad rva qalbatons agrarul mecnierebebSi akademiuri doqtoris wodebebi mieniWa qveynis prioritetebs Soris agrarul dargs erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. samwuxarod, dargi agronomiuli ganaTlebis profesional specialistTa naklebobas ganicdis. maT mimarT ki bazarze moTxovnileba dRiTidRe izrdeba. amitomac agrarul ganaTlebas, maRalkvalificiuri specialistebis momzadebas, romlebsac sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis Tanamedrove mowinave teqnologiebiT warmoebis, ekologiurad sufTa sakvebi produqciis miReba-realizaciis da agraruli dargis marTvis saqmeSi farTo Teoriuli da praqtikuli codna eqnebaT, dRes gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. 2008-2009 saswavlo wels SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris, profesor alioSa bakuriZis didi ZalisxmeviTa da xelSewyobiT fakultetze akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli (bakalavriati), meore (samagistro) da mesame (sadoqtoro) saganmanaTleblo programebi SemuSavda, sadac fakultetebze specialobebis mixedviT Cairicxnen doqtorantebi; agraruli teqnologiebisa da agroekologiis fkultetze ocamde abiturientma gaagrZela swavla. 34 axali agraruli saqarTvelo reqtoris brZanebiT TiToeul dacvaze cametkaciani specializebuli sadisertacio komisiebi Seiqmna, romelSic Sevidnen qveynis sxvadasxva umaRlesi saswavleblebisa da samecniero kvleviTi institutebis gamoCenili mecnierebi da wamyvani specialistebi, romlis komisiis Tavmjdomareebad dainiSnen da sxdomebs uZRvebodnen saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti, akademikosi guram aleqsiZe; saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganyofilebis gamge, akademikosi elguja SafaqiZe; saqarTvelos erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti, sruli profesori vano papuniZe; saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi jemal kacitaZe; aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis soflis meurneobis ministri, teqnikis akademiuri doqtori, sruli profesori zaur futkaraZe; saqarTvelos ekologiis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, sruli profesori oTar SainiZe da am werilis avtori. sadisertacio sabWos sxdomebze warmodgenili naSromebi Tavisi aqtualobiT, mecnieruli siaxliT, praqtikuli mniSvnelobiTa da sakvlevi Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebuli Sromebis SinaarsiT imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom TiToeul maTganze cal-calke minda SevCerde. ნოემბერი, 2013 მეცნი ერება მეცნიერება ontTa roli, amitomac winamdebare sadisertacio Temas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs, rac didad daexmareba studentebs algologiis, protistologiis, botanikis da mcenareTa ekologiis saleqcio kursis SeswavlaSi. sadisertacio sabWos gadawyvetilebiT giuli beriZes soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. giuli beriZe: Tema — „aWarisa da arTvinis vilaieTis subtropikuli zonis agrocenozTa algofloris sistematika da ekologiuri aspeqti“. wyalmcenareebs bunebaSi da saxalxo meurneobaSi udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. mTel rig sasicocxlo procesebSi isini aqtiurad monawileoben; gamoiyeneba adamianis, uxerxemlo da xerxemliani cxovelebis sakvebad, biologiur kvlevebSi, qimiur da msubuq mrewvelobaSi, medicinaSi, kosmosur teqnologiebSi da sxva. wyalmcenareebs sasikeTo mniSvnelobis garda, garkveuli naklovanebebic axasiaTebs. cnobilia saxeobaTa garkveuli jgufi, romelTa masobrivi gamravleba calkeuli hidroekosistemebis dabinZurebas iwvevs, xolo zogierTi mcenareuli da cxoveluri organizmebis daavadebas-toqsikacias. es exeba aWarasac. amitomac kvlevis obieqts warmoadgens aWarisa da arTvinis subtropikuli zonis agrocenozTa ekosistemebi (wyali, niadagi, mcenare) da maTi algoflora. doqtorantma pirvelad Caatara aWarisa da arTvinis subtropikuli zonis agroekosistemebis algofloris Seswavla. gamovlenilia wyalmcenareTa 521 saxeoba da 16 saxesxvaoba (forma). dazustebulia TiToeuli agroekosistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, dominanti da iSviaTi saxeobebi, wyalmcenareTa sezonuroba. gamovlenil saxeobebs Soris aWaris algoflorisaTvis 78 saxeoba axalia, saqarTvelos algoflorisaTvis — 17 saxeoba, xolo 10 saxeoba SP-iT aRiniSna. saqarTvelos masStabiT pirveladaa Seswavlili konsorciumis CamoyalibebaSi monawile mikobiნოემბერი, 2013 miranda weroZe: Ze: Tema — „fi fitofagi mwerebis ekologiuri Taviseburebani da maTi paTogeni sokoebi aWaris subtropikul zonaSi”. mcenareTa srulyofili zrda da ekologiurad sufTa mosavlis miReba mraval ekologiur faqtorzea damokidebuli. magaliTad, pesticidebi mavneblebTan erTad spobs sasargeblo organizmebsac, arRvevs bunebaSi arsebul wonasworobas, es ki, Tavis mxriv, „aavadebs” garemos. yovelive aman mavnebel-daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolis, mavne biocidebisa da pesticidebis alternatiuli nivTierebebiT an meTodebiT Canacvlebis moTxovnileba warmoSva. doqtorantma daazusta amerikuli TeTri peplis ekologia, Seadgina fenologiuri kalendari da regioni mavneblis gavrcelebis kerebis mixedviT dayo. aWaris pirobebSi pirvelad dadginda savegetacio periodSi wlebis mixedviT mavneblis ricxovnobis cvalebadobis cikli. Seiswavla amerikuli TeTri peplis bunebrivi mtrebi da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi. doqtorantis mier dazustda amerikuli TeTri peplis ekologia, Sedgenilia fenologiuri kalendari da moxda regionis dayo- fa mavneblis gavrcelebis kerebis mixedviT. pirvelad aWaris pirobebSi dadginda mavneblis ricxobriobis cvalebadobis cikli dinamikaSi, savegetacio periodSi da wlebis mixedviT. Seswavlili iqna amerikuli TeTri peplis bunebrivi mtrebi da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobani mavneblis ricxovnobis regulirebaSi. naSromSi mocemul masalebs aqvs rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli mniSvneloba, radganac amerikuli TeTri peplis gavrcelebis zonebis, fenologiuri vadebis, misi bunebrivi mtrebis Seswavlis safuZvelze iolia maTi SesaZlo gavrcelebis prognozireba, gamovlenili kerebis monitoringi da sxv. rac mcenareTa dacvis specialistebs da fermerebs saSualebas miscems sworad da droulad dagegmon mavneblis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqturi RonisZiebebi. sadisertacio sabWom miranda weroZes mianiWa soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba. mziuri gabaiZe Ze:: Tema — „xorblis nacris gamomwvevi paTogenis virulenturi struqtura saqarTveloSi“ xorblis genofondis SenarCunebas, mosavlianobis amaRlebas, produqciis xarisxis gaumjobesebas da racionalur gamoyenebas CvenTvisac didi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs. amas sxvadasxva mavne organizmebTan erTad xels uSlis sokovani daavadebebi. maT Soris nacari, misi gamomwvevi organizmebi epifitotiurad vrceldeba. saqarTveloSi am mimarTulebiT kvlevebi ar Catarebula, ar Seswavlila xorblis axali agraruli saqarTvelo 35 მეც ნიერებ ა მეცნიერება qarTul jiSebze da qarTul endemur saxeobebze gavrcelebuli nacris gamomwvevi sokos virulenturi struqtura da daavadebis mimarT gamZle genebis Semcveli jiSebi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tema aqtualuria da rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. pirvelad saqarTveloSi molekuluri biologiis meTodebis gamoyenebiT dadginda xorblis nacris gamomwvevi sokos lumeria (Erysiphe) graminis DC. f.sp. tritici March-is Sidasaxeobrivi mravalferovneba. miRebuli Sedegebi amdidrebs nacris gamomwvevi sokos biologiis, ekologiis da genetikis Sesaxeb codnas, rac studentebs mcenareTa dacvis, fitopaTologiis, genetikisa da seleqciis saleqcio kursis safuZvlian SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovnad daexmareba, amitom qalbaton mziuri gabaiZes soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. miranda gorgilaZe: Ze: Tema — „forToxlis wvenis naturalobis maxasiaTebeli parametrebis dadgena da maTi gansazRvris meTodikebis SemuSaveba“ citrusovanTa wvenebis xarisxis Sefasebisas, mis naturalobis dadgenas da falsificirebuli produqtisgan Tavis dacvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. falsifikaciis Sedegad, erTis mxriv, irRveva wvenebis warmoebis teqnologia, rac saxelmwifo qonebis dataceba da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulia. meores mxriv, citrusovanTa wvenebis falsifikacia SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos wvenSi adamianis organizmisaTvis mavne nivTierebebis SeyvanasTan. kvlevis siaxle, specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia 36 axali agraruli saqarTvelo imiT, rom fizikur-qimiuri maCveneblebis Seswavlis safuZvelze doqtorantis mier pirvelad SemoTavazebulia forToxlis wvenebis naturalobis maxasiaTebeli mecnierulad dasabuTebuli parametrebi. samuSao miekuTvneba kvlevebs, romlis Sedegebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia sasaqonlo eqspertizis biuroebs, soflis meurneobis, ekonomikis da ganaTlebis saministroebs, sursaTis eqspertizis, sasamarTlo da kriminalistikur laboratoriebs. miranda gorgilaZes mieniWa soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba. lamziri gorgilaZe Ze:: Tema — „xorblis silaqaveebis gamomwvevTa populaciebis saxeobrivi da Sidasaxeobrivi struqtura saqarTveloSi da seleqciisaTvis sawyisi masalis SerCeva“. naTela dumbaZe Ze:: Tema — „Cais plantaciebis mZimed gasxvlis samanqano teqnologiisa da teqnikuri saSualebebis damuSaveba mcire energetikis bazaze“. rogorc cnobilia, qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaSi xorbals didi mniSvneloba aqvs miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo xorblis pirveladi warmoSobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi centria. xorblis warmoebis intensiuri teqnologiebis danergvam fitosanitariuli mdgomareobis arsebiTi cvlilebebi gamoiwvia. gaZlierda naTesebis dazianeba iseTi daavadebebiT, romlebsac adre ekonomikuri mniSvneloba ar hqonda. Temis mecnieruli siaxlea is, rom saqarTveloSi pirvelad Seiswavla sxvadasxva agroekologiur-klimatur zonaSi xorblis silaqaveebis gamomwvevebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba, dadginda xorblis yviTeli silaqavis gamomwvevi sokos simptomebi da biologia da sxv. lamziri gorgilaZes am kvlevisaTvis soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. Cais plantaciebisaTvis samrewvelo saxis dabrunebis mizniT aucilebelia sareabilitacio samuSaoebis Catareba, degradirebuli da aRdgenisaTvis ekonomikurad gaumarTlebeli plantaciis amoZirkva. gadazrdili da degradirebuli Cais plantaciebis reabilitaciis da amoZirkvis teqnologiuri cikli mZimed gasxvlis teqnologiuri operaciis Catarebas iTvaliswinebs. sadisertacio naSromi swored aRniSnuli problemebis gadawyvetas eZRvneba. damuSavebulia sareabilitacio sasxlavi modulis konstruqcia da muSa organoebis sainJinro gaangariSebis meTodika. naTela dumbaZes teqnikis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. firuza varSaniZe Ze:: Tema — „ferdobebze Txilis mosavlis krefa mcire meqanizaciis teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT“. msoflio bazarze Txilis kulturaze moTxovna izrdeba, ramac saqarTvelos subtropikul zonaSi Txilis kulturis warmoebis gafarToebas Seuwyo xeli. sadisertacio naSromSi dasabuTebulia ferdobebze da traqtormiuwvdomel farTobebze, Txilis sakref xelis agregatebSi yvelaze ufro racionaluri pnevmosatransporto sistemebis gaნოემბერი, 2013 მეცნი ერება მეცნიერება moyenebis aucilebloba; damuSavebulia racionaluri da teqnologiuri parametrebis gaangariSebis meTodika; agregatis pnevmosatransporto sistemis principuli sqema. am SromisaTvis firuza varSaniZes teqnikis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. cisana cecxlaZe: Ze: Tema — “qeris nacris gamomwvevis lumeria graminis DS. f.sp.Hordei Marchal Sidasaxeobrivi diferenciacia saqarTveloSi” qeri, mravalmxrivi gamoyenebis gamo, metad mniSvnelovani marcvlovani kulturaa. qeris mosavlianobaze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens qeris nacari, romelic mavne- obis mxriv erT-erTi gamorCeuli da farTod gavrcelebuli daavadebaa msoflioSi. pirvelad dadginda nacris gamomwvevi sokos — Blumeria graminis DS. f.sp.Hordei Marchal gavrcelebis areali, ganisazRvra virulentobis maxasiaTeblebis procentuli raodenoba populaciaSi (polimorfoba, heterogenulobis xarisxi, saSualo virulentoba). cisana cecxlaZes sadisertacio sabWom warmodgenili naSromisTvis soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mianiWa. xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno universitetis magistraturis, re- zidenturisa da doqtoranturis marTvis samsaxuris ufrosis, profesor xaTuna diasamiZisa da misi moadgilis, profesor aleqsandre gaTenaZis dauRalavi muSaoba, aseve reqtoris moadgilis samecniero dargSi, sruli profesoris naTia wiklaSvilis saqmisadmi maRalprofesiuli damokidebuleba, doqtorantebisadmi didi yuradReba da mxardaWera. disertaciebis dacva wlis bolomde gagrZeldeba, sadac momzadebulia xuTamde naSromi: agroteqnikis, mcenareTa dacvis, agroekologiisa da satyeo saqmis mimarTulebiT. imedia, adgilobrivi xelisufleba da aWaris soflis meurneobis saministro, TviT ministri, profesori zaur futkaraZe, romelic aqtiurad iyo CarTuli sadisertacio naSromebis ganxilvasa da disertaciebis dacvebSi, gaiTvaliswineben axali akademiuri doqtori qalbatonebis dasaqmebis sakiTxs agrarul seqtorSi. rezo jabniZe, bsu-s teqnologiuri fakultetis sadisertacio sabWos Tavmjdomare, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, sruli profesori, a (a)ip aWaris agroserviscentris konsultanti. გვა ლვა გვალვა kvleva, romelic 2014 wels gamoqveyndeba uaxloes aTwleulSi, klimaturi cvlilebebis Sedegad, dedamiwaze adamianis cxovreba mniSvnelovnad gauaresdeba, — amis Sesaxeb klimatis cvalebadobis saxelmwifoTaSoriso eqspertebis angariSSia naTqvami, romelic 2014 wels unda gamoqveyndes, Tumca mis gamoqveynebamde angariSi amerikeli JurnalistebisTvis gaxda xelmisawvdomi. angariSSi naTqvamia, rom 21-e saukuneSi klimaturi pirobebis uaryofiTi cvlileba, romelic globalur daTbobas ukavSirdeba, ekonomikuri zrdis tempis Semcirebasa da siRaribis zrdas Seuwyobs xels. garkveuli drois Semdeg mTel rig regionebSi haeris maRali temperatura xels SeuSlis adamians nebismier saqmianobaSi. amavdroulad gaizrdeba wyaldidobebis, tyeSi xanZrebis, epidemiebis raodenoba, momravldeba iseT adamianTa raodenoba, romlebic SimSiloben. yvelaze metad es aisaxeba iseT Rarib qveynebsa da regionebze, romlebic globaluri daTbobis problemebTan gamklavebas damoukideblad ver axerxeben. gvalveნოემბერი, 2013 bi kolafsamde miiyvans da mniSvnelovan problemebs Seuqmnis infraqtruqturas. sacxovrebeli pirobebis gauareseba, rogorc mecnierebi irwmunebian, gamoiwvevs samxedro konfliqtebs, aseve brZola daiwyeba mtknari wylisTvis. kvlevis saboloo varianti 2014 wlis martSi unda gamoqveyndes, Tumca manamde masSi cvlilebebs samecniero-kvleviTi organizaciebis eqspertebi Seitanen. axali agraruli saqarTvelo 37 მეც ნიე რი ს ა მეცნიერის აზრი ზრ ი kooperativebi Sps-bad ar unda gadaiqces saqarTvelos parlamentis mier sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba udavod saetapo mniSvnelobis movlenad unda CaiTvalos. aman dasabami unda misces qveynis ekonomikis mniSvnelovani dargebis axlebur, racionalur organizaciul mowyobas, rac pirdapir aisaxeba mosaxleobis ekonomikur da socialur mdgomareobaze. miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba uyuradRebod davtovoT is sakiTxebi, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba negatiurad aisaxos am umniSvnelovanes procesze. kerZod, unda Seiqmnas Sesabamisi normatiuli baza, riTac daregulirdeba kooperativis Sida sawarmoo urTierTobaTa ZiriTadi wesebi. es aris umniSvnelovanesi komponenti, romlis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia kooperativma misi ZiriTadi arsi SeinarCunos (rac mas diametralurad ganasxvavebs mogebaze orientirebuli sxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebidan). amasTan, kooperativis daarsebis mizanSewonilobis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi faqtori unda iyos ara sapaio fondSi Setanili fuladi da sxva saxis qonebrivi saxsrebi, aramed misi wevrebis Sromis kapitalizacia. swored am ori komponentis — SromiTis da materialuris — racionaluri SerwymiT miiRweva maRali ekonomikuri efeqtianobis, socialur solidarobaze da samarTlianobaze dafuZnebuli sistemis formireba, romelic dasavluri demokratiis erT-erT mniSvnelovan monapovrad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. evropul qveynebSi kooperativebis ganviTarebis 170-wliani gamocdileba Cvens qveyanaSi kooperaciuli moZraobis sworad warmarTvisaTvis mdidar masalas iZleva. am gamocdilebidan yvelaze niSandoblivia is, rom am mimarTulebiT ganviTarebuli yvela warmatebuli qveyana Sesabamis normatiul-sakanonmdeblo bazas qmnis, sadac iseTi elementebis SemotaniT, rogoricaa: sapaio Senatani, damatebiTi pai, kooperaciuli Semosavlebi, kooperativis asocirebuli wevri da sxva, axdenen kooperativebis Sidasawarmoo urTierTobebis regulirebas uSualod sakanonmdeblo doneze im mTavari mizniT, rom am urTierTobebSi ganmsazRvreli iyos SromiTi resursis faqtori da masze materialurma kapitalma sapaio Senatanebis saxiT dominanturi zegavlena ar moaxdinos. 38 axali agraruli saqarTvelo saqarTvelos msgavsad, zogierT qveyanaSi arsebobs gansxvavebuli praqtikac: sakanonmdeblo doneze xdeba kanonis miReba sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis Sesaxeb gamartivebuli wesiT, romelic ar axdens kooperativebis Sidasawarmoo urTierTobebis regulirebas, magram am SemTxvevaSi es sakiTxi qveynis mTavrobis an Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebis normatiuli aqtebiT regulirdeba, rac umetes SemTxvevaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis tipuri wesdebis miReba-damtkicebiT xdeba. miuxedavad zemoTTqmulisa, orive SemTxvevaSi yvela qveynis kanoni sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis (kooperativebis) Sesaxeb Seicavs punqtebs, romlebic ZiriTadi da saerToa yvelasTvis. magaliTad: — kooperativis wevrTa pai yalibdeba aucilebeli da damatebiTi sapaio SenatanebiT. kooperativis wevris aucilebeli sapaio Senatanis moculoba ganisazRvreba Tanabrad an kooperativis sameurneo saqmianobaSi misi monawileobis proporciulad. damatebiTi pais Setanis wesi kooperativis wesdebiT ganisazRvreba. — kooperativis wevrs SeuZlia ganaxorcielos damatebiTi sapaio Senatani mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca mis mier aucilebeli sapaio Senatani srulad daifareba. — damatebiTi sapaio Senatani kooperativis wevrs uflebas aZlevs miiRos dividendi. — dividendebis gacemis Semdeg darCenili Semosavlebi kooperativis wevrebze kooperativis sameurneo saqmianobaSi maTi monawileobis proporciulad nawildeba. — am Semosavlebidan avtomaturad xdeba aucilebeli sapaio Senatanis gadauxdeli nawilis dafarva da sxva. msoflio gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom aseTi regulaciebis gareSe kooperativebi ver uzrunvelyofen yvelaze mTavars — iyvnen orientirebuli SromiTi resursis kapitalizaciaze da maqsimalur ukugebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni „sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb” maleve gadaiqceva kanonad „sasoflo-sameurneo Sps-bis Sesaxeb”, radgan „kooperativebisagan”, rogorc organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formisagan, mxolod saxeli darCeba da ნოემბერი, 2013 მეცნიე რი ს აზრ მეცნიერის აზრი ი isini faqtobrivad Sps-bad gadaiqcevian. es procesi kidev ufro gaaRrmavebs sazogadoebaSi isedac Sors wasul socialur polarizacias da veranairad ver uzrunvelyofs im mTavari miznis ganxorcielebas, risTvisac sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanoni Seiqmna (soflis mosaxleobis samewarmeo gaaqtiureba, socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna da Sromisunariani mosaxleobis migraciis SeCereba da sxv.). yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebis msgavsad, sawyis etapze swored qarTulma saxelmwifom unda aiRos pasuxismgebloba da ikisros am uaRresad mniSvnelovani procesis ZiriTadi makoordinirebeli, maorganizebeli da xelSemwyobi funqcia. yanaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis ganviTareba gaxdeba ekonomikuri reformis mniSvnelovani nawili, romelic did wvlils Seitans soflis mosaxleobis masobrivi dasaqmebis, maTi Semosavlebis mkveTri zrdis, agraruli Sromis avtoritetis amaRlebisa da soflis kompleqsuri da daCqarebuli ganviTarebis erovnul saqmeSi. paata koRuaSvili, ekonomikis mecnierebis doqtori, profesori daskvnis magier: saxelmwifo regulirebis sistemaSi axali socialur-ekonomikuri meqanizmebis Setana saSualebas iZleva institucionaluri safuZvlebis SeqmnisTvis, rac Tavis mxriv qmnis ekonomikur pirobebs im winaaRmdegobaTa gadalaxvisaTvis, rac mravalferovani sawarmoo-ekonomikuri da safinanso urTierTobebis gafarToebul sistemebze agraruli seqtoris transformacias aferxebs. ramdenadac saqme exeba ekonomikuri efeqtianobis amaRlebas soflis meurneobis dargebis organizaciuli mowyobis cvlilebaTa safuZvelze, Cvens qve- დისკუსია sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebi gamowvevebi, molodinebi da saerTaSoriso praqtika saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba axali gamowvevis winaSea da misi ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad iqneba damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad adeqvaturi iqneba qveyanaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanonis safuZvelze fermerebis, wvrili glexuri meurneobebis praqtikuli reagireba. Tanamedrove kacobrioba soflis meurneobis kooperaciis mraval formas icnobs, Tumca yvela maTgani kooperativebis saxecvlilebaa. magaliTad, igive klasteruli meurneobebi anda israelSi sruliad memarcxene ideologiis mqone e.w. kibucebi — sasoflo-sameurneo komunebi meurneobis saerTo sakuTrebas, Sromasa da moxmarebis Tanasworobis principebs iTvaliswinebs. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom ukve kibucebis ideologiuri siZvele SeiniSneba da kibucis wevri axalgazrda fermerebi komunebisgan gamoyofas da kuTvnili miwis sakuTari miznebisTvis gaნოემბერი, 2013 moyenebas gegmaven. saqarTveloSi ki am kanonis safuZvelze saxelmwifos mier sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba, soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoebis ganviTareba da misi konkurentunarianobis amaRleba igegmeba. axali kanoni adgens sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis, rogorc iuridiuli piris statusis mopovebisa da saqmianobis xelSemwyob normebs, gansazRvravs saqmianobis demokratiul principebs, nebayoflobiTobas da sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis monitoringis sakiTxebs. mcire fermeruli meurneobebi am axali SesaZleblobebis farglebSi pirispir aRmoCndebian im gamowvevebTan, rac dakavSirebulia bazrebis liberalizaciasa da globalizaciasTan. maT warmoebuli produqciisadmi xarisxis sul ufro mkacri moTxovnebis gaTvaliswineba mouwevT. amitom kooperativebis meSveobiT fermerebs qmediTi meqanizmebis SemuSavebis SesaZlebloba uCndebaT, rom am sirTuleebis daZlevaSi daexmaron mcire meurneobebs, rac xels Seuwyobs da daexmareba Tanamedrove sabazro Rirebulebebis damkvidrebaSi, gazrdis savaWro potencials. kooperativebis wevrebis gazrdili Semosavlebi pirdapirproporciulad aisaxeba mosaxleobis keTildReobasa da soflis ganviTaaxali agraruli saqarTvelo 39 დისკუსია r b re baze, z ufro r m meti Se S saZ s Zleb blobe b bi b gaCndeba kooperativebisTvis sakuTari maRalxarisxiani produqcia miawodon gadammuSavebel mrewvelobas, sastumroebs, saavadmyofoebs, supermarketebs, restornebs da swrafi kvebis qselebs, aseve sabavSvo baRebsa da saganmanaTleblosportul centrebs... kanons, rogorc axal paradigmas, SesaZlebelia fermerTa motivirebis ufro meti safuZveli ganesazRvros, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi uSualod fermerebi da fermeruli asociaciebi miiReben monawileobas. kooperaciis mamoZravebeli motivi mravalricxovani wvrili meurneobebis, danawevrebuli miwebis nebayoflobiTi gaerTianeba, izolaciis gadalaxvaa, rac konkurentunarianobis gazrdis winapirobaa. kooperativi, pirvel rigSi, es ar aris koleqtiuri meurneoba, risi samwuxaro gamocdilebac dRes mraval fermers Tu glexs aiZulebs gaaigivos kooperativi koleqtiur meurneobasTan. kooperativi konkretuli samuSao valdebulebebiT da miznebiT Seqmnili organizacia, kerZo an iuridiulil pirTa kavSiria. misi mTavari mimzidveloba swored demokratiuli marTvis struqtura da mmarTvelobaa. finansuri wlis bolos Semosavlis samarTliani ganawileba kooperativis mTavari principia. aseve minda xazi gavusva kooperativebis did rols sasursaTo usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi, rac qveynis ekonomikis makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis analizisas yovelTvis mniSvnelovania. kooperativebi individualuri meurneobebisgan gansxvavebiT gacilebiT da metad mimzidvelia sainvesticio miznebisTvis da mdgradobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi maT didi potenciali gaaCniaT. gaeros sursaTis organizaciis FAO-s kvlevis safuZvelze 2005 wels 40 axali agraruli saqarTvelo neobis CCatare r bu b li sof s lis s me m ur rn b s aRweris Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 700 000 sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTia. maTgan 99% saojaxo fermadaa klasificirebuli. fermerul seqtorSi mcire kerZo fermebi dominirebs. 93%-s 2 ha-ze naklebi miwa aqvs. erTi fermis saSualo farTobi 2.3 heqtaria. miwebis aseTi danawevreba araefeqtiania da 1992-1997 wlebSi Catarebuli miwis araswori reformis Sedegs warmoadgens. miwebis nebayoflobiTi konsolidacia aris is umTavresi motivacia, rac am kanonis Seqmnas udevs safuZvlad da migvaCnia, rom mxolod fermerebma unda gadawyviton, visTan erTad ra tipisa da mimarTulebis kooperativebi Seqmnan. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis eroziis, gaudabnoebis da degradirebuli saTesle masalis da dabali genetikuri Rirebulebis pirutyvis arsebobas kooperaciuli gaerTianebebi advilad gamoasworeben Tu, ra Tqma unda, swori menejmentis pirobebSi saTanado da Tanabar pirobebs Seuqmnian sakuTari kooperativis wevrebs. es ki niSnavs gacilebiT dabal TviTRirebulebas, riskebis swor menejments, maRal teqnologiebze, genetikur-saseleqcio masalebze da sabrunav saSualebebze met xelmisawvdomobas da agrobiznesis stabilur ganviTarebas, raSic Zalze mniSvnelovani iqneba saqarTveloSi savaWro-samrewvelo palatis farglebSi soflis meurneobis savaWro palatis Seqmna da misi stimulireba. am kanonis mizani sakomlo (saojaxo) meurneobebis ganviTareba, maTi kooperireba da sicocxlisunarianobis gaZlierebaa; soflisa da soflis meurneobis aRorZinebis xelSewyobaa; soflis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofaa; soflad siRaribis aRmofxvraa; soflidan mosaxleobis migraciis SeCerebaa; sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis produqtiulobisa da konkurentunarianobis gaumjobesebaa; warmoebis rentabelobis amaRleba da erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebaa; biomeurneobis ganviTarebis xelSewyobaa. Zalze mniSvnelovania isic, rom koooperatiuli meurneobebis Seqmna miznad isaxavs soflis meurneobis dargebis intensiur ganviTarebas, danawevrebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis nebayoflobiT gaerTianebas da axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnasa da biomeurneobebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas, saxelmwifos mier grantebis, lizingis wesiT teqnikis da subsidirebis sakiTxebis xelSewyobas da stimulirebas. 1999-2003 wlebSi fermerTa uflebebis dacvis asociaciis da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis soflis meurneobis departementis USDA da ACDIVOCA-s eqspertTan baton jeims bardasTan erTad SevimuSaveT saqarTveloSi fermeruli kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanonproeqti, romelic wina xelisuflebis pirobebSi araerTxel warvudgineT saqrTvelos parlamentis agrarul sakiTxTa komitets, soflis meurneobis saministros, magram miuxedavad Cveni mravaljeradi mcdelobisa, Cven ver SevZeliT am kanonproeqtis ganxilvebis dawyeba da samwuxarod xelisuflebisTvis kooperirebis sakiTxi koleqtiur meurneobebTan iyo gaigivebuli. 200 wels Cven aseve moviwvieT amerikuli arasamTavrobo organizacia Civic Strategies prezidenti Farmer to Farmer programis farglebSi da Cven kidev erTxel gadavaxaliseT arsebuli kanonproeqti aSS-s, kanadis, safrangeTisa da xorvateTis kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Cveni mizani iyo swored qarTuli modelis Seqmna, raSic yvela zemoxsenebuli qveynebis gamocdilebaa gaTvaliswinebuli. Tumca SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda xelisuflebisTvis misi aRqmis gazrda da kooperativebis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli nihilisturi damokidebulebis Secvla. es maSin, rodesac jer kidev SenarCunebuli iyo soflad axalgazrdoba, samuSao infrastuqtura da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis umetesoba swored soflebis, Tavad glexebis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda da miwebi totalurad ar iyo gasxvisebuli qveynis moqalaqeebze. ar arsebobs universaluri kanoni da arc es kanonia gamonaklisi. gansxvavebiT am kanonisgan Cvens mier momzadebul kanonproeqtSi identificirebuli iyo terminis „fermeri“ definicia, rasac Cveni kanonmdebloba am droisTvis ar cnobs. ameriნოემბერი, 2013 დის კუს ია დისკუსია kis SeerTebuli Statebis soflis meurneobis departamentis rCeviT Cvens proeqtSi iyo aRniSnuli fermeruli kooperativebis tipebi: — nedleulis mwarmoebelTa kooperativebi; gadamamuSavebeli kooperativebi; servis anu marketinguli kooperativebi; sakredito kooperativebi. saqarTveloSi soflad kooperaciuli moZraobis swrafi ganviTareba unda moxdes principis „qvemodan zeviT“ dacviT da Zalian wamgebiani iqneba misi piriqiT ganviTareba. is aucileblad unda iqnes adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis mier waxalisebuli fermerebis motivirebis asamaRleblad. kooperativebis SeqmnisTvis pozitiuri ganwyobis Seqmna da waxaliseba sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis ganviTarebis programis SemuSavebisas regionul doneebze aucilebel winapirobad unda iqces. amdenad, am kanonis ZiriTad mizans swored mcire fermeruli meurneobebis xelSewyoba, maTi dacva da ganviTareba warmoadgens maRali konkurenciis pirobebSi. ra Tqma unda, fermerTaTvis umTavresia warmatebuli modelebis SeTavazeba, sxvadasxva qveynebis magaliTebze maTi gacnoba, risTvisac fermerTa gacvliTi programebis inicirebaa aucilebeli. am etapze ukve dasrulebulia samcxe-javaxeTis da guriis regionebis ganviTarebis strategiuli gegmebis SemuSavebis procesi. stabiluri ganviTarebis winapirobebia Sesaqmneli soflad migraciis SesaCereblad, axalgazrdobis damagrebis da maTi agrobiznesSi CarTvis, biomeurneobebis prioritetuli ganviTarebisa da integrirebuli soflis meurneobis xelSewyobis kuTxiT, aseve qalfermerTa saSeRavaTo pirobebiT uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. amdenad, kooperireba xels Seuwyobs agraruli bazris infrastruqturis, Sesyidvebis centrebis, auqcionebis, sabiTumo sasursaTo bazrebis da birJebis formirebas. saqarTvelos evrointegraciis procesis farglebSi evrokavSiris erT-erTi rekomendaciaa saqarTveloSi swored fermeruli meurneobebis ganviTareba, risTvisac evropis samezoblo programa soflis meurneobisa da soflis ganviTarebisTvis — ENPARDis farglebSi saqarTvelo 2013-2016 wlebSi 40 milion evros miiRebs, saidanac 18 milioni evro sabiujeto daxmarebis saxiT gadaecema saqarTvelos mTavrobas; aqedan 15 milioni evro gaicema grantebis saxiT mcire fermerul biznesze orientirebuli organizaciebis Sesaqmnelad, xolo ნოემბერი, 2013 milioni evro — es iqneba evrokavSiris Tanamonawileoba aWaris regionSi soflis meurneobis seqtoris dasaxmareblad, UNDP-Tan erToblivi menejmentis gziT. amave dros, kooperativi isargeblebs biTumad Semsyidvelis uflebiT, rac mas saSualebas miscems iafad iyidos da Tavis wevrebze aseve SeRavaTebiT gasces es saSualebebi, maT Soris kreditic. mecnierebis inovaciur miRwevaTa danergvis xelSewyoba stimulirebuli unda iqnes. kvalificiuri specialistebi uzrunvelyofen wevrTa maRal kvalifikacias da profesiuli swavlebis da gadamzadebis dones, produqciis xarisxs da raodenobas. swored kooperativis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli iqneba socialuri programebis ganxorcieleba. am kanonproeqts, rogorc CarCo kanons, misi amoqmedebisaTvis esaWiroeba sxvadasxva normatiuli aqtebi da regulirebebi. kooperatiuli meurneobebis ganviTareba warmoudgenelia sakredito kooperativebis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis gareSe da mimaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi axali xelisuflebis pirobebSi ganxorcielebuli soflis meurneobis daxmarebis da ganviTarebis programebi Zalze araTanmimdevruli da dauxvewavi aRmoCnda da adgilobrivi produqciis konkurentunarianobis sakiTxi umwvavesia da amas Zalze seriozuli kompleqsuri midgoma sWirdeba. sasoflo-sameurneo saTesle da sanerge bazari uxarisxo da saeWvo warmoSobisaa da SeuZlebelia maTze miiRo xarisxis. Zalze didi riskebis Semcvelia uxarisxo da vadagasuli Sxamqimikatebis arseboba da maTze arsebuli dabali fasis mimzidveloba fermerebSi, gamomdinare maTi dabalmsyidvelunarianobidan. saqarTveloSi gaeros da Sveicariis ganviTarebis saagentos mier Catarda kvleva saqarTvelo-azerbaijani-somxeTis soflis meurneobis SedarebiTi analizis saxiT, romelic axlaxans daibeWda da TiTqmis yvela aspeqtSi saqarTvelo aSkarad CamorCeba zemoxsenebul qveynebs. magaliTisaTvis ixileT erT heqtarze bostneulis da marcvleulis warmoebis moculoba tonobiT. 2012 weli qveyana xorbali simindi kartofili saqarTvelo 1 1.4 sasomxeTi 2.1 4.7 17 azerbaijani 1.9 4.5 14.5 11 am fonze Zalze mniSvnelovania Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufa- li vaWrobis SeTanxmebis xelSekruleba saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris, romelic ZalaSi mxolod erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi Seva, rac SesaZleblobas miscems qarTvel mewarmeebs pirobebiT dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad Sevidnen msoflios umsxviles bazarze, romelic am etapze 28 qveyanas da 500 milionze met momxmarebels aerTianebs. saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Tavisufali gadaadgileba xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos saeqsporto potencialis zrdas, radganac evrokavSirs aRmosavleT partniorobis farglebSi preferenciuli savaWro SeTanxmeba 45 qveyanasTan aqvs gaformebuli. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelic adgilobrivi bazris aTvisebas ukavSirdeba, sasursaTo usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaa. gasul wlebSi soflis meurneobis saministros mier fermerTaTvis Tavs moxveulma „marcvleuli kulturebis warmoebis” programam, romlis farglebSic Semotanil iqna e.w. „maRalmosavliani da gvalvagamZle“ xorblisa da hibriduli simindis saTesle masala, uamravi fermeri datova mosavlis gareSe da bankrotad aqcia, rac gamowveuli iyo am saTesle masalis yovelgvari gamocdis gareSe empiriulad fermerTaTvis kreditis saxiT gadacemiT. am SemTxvevaSi kooperativebi Tavad gadawyveten, Tu rogori xarisxis Tesli da sargavi masala esaWiroebaT. xelmisawvdomoba ki erTi-erTi umniSvnelovanesi problemaa. Tumca amgvari programebis ganxorcielebisas damatebiT ramdenime sakiTxi unda gaviTvaliswinoT: qveyanaSi unda Seiqmnas adgilobrivi uviruso meTesleobis da sargavi masalis warmoebis programa, nebismieri saTesle masala unda gamoicados sasoflo-sameurneo aRwarmoebaze saqarTvelos klimatur da niadagur pirobebSi da fermerebs unda hqondeT SesaZlebloba, gaiumjobeson codna agrobioteqnologiaSi, rac mosavlianobis gazrdis erT-erTi aucilebeli winapirobaa; axali jiSebis danergvis paralelurad unda momzaddes adgilobrivi agrobiomravalferovnebis konservaciis, biobankebis Seqmnis saxelmwifo programa. kaxa nadiraZe, fermerTa uflebebis dacvis asociaciis prezidenti; aRmosavleT partniorobis erovnuli platformis agraruli politikisa da soflis ganviTarebis qvejgufis koordinatori; soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori axali agraruli saqarTvelo 41 კვ ლე ვ ა კვლევა kaklis IN VITRO Ta na med ro ve bi o teq no lo gi u ri me To di mTel msoflioSi farTod gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove bioteqnologiuri qsovilovani kulturebis gamravlebis meTodi. mecnierebi miuTiTeben, rom am teqnoligiebis gamoyenebiT kaklis kulturis miReba gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT gamoirCeva. bioteqnologiis centrma laboratoriaSi warmatebiT danerga aRniSnuli meTodi da miiRo kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebi, rac saqarTveloSi pirvel precedents warmoadgens. saqarTveloSi arsebuli niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi kaklovani kulturebis farTod gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, amitom saqarTvelo kaklis kulturis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani keraa. kaklis xe (Iuglans regia L.,) RirsSesaniSnavi nayofmomcemi kulturaa, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba, kerZod: mSrali saxiT, sakonditro warmoebaSi, sakvebad, agreTve teqnikuri miznebisaTvis (maRalxarisxovani zeTis misaRebad). garda zemoTaRniSnulisa, iyeneben mis merqans da TviTon xes avejisa da sxva sayofacxovrebo sagnebis dasamzadeblad. dResdReobiT ar aris aRwerili kaklis qarTuli jiSi, romlebic gavrcelebuli iqneboda zRvis donidan 1200m. simaRleze, radganac ar arsebobs misi plantacia. es gamowveulia imiT, rom saqarTveloSi ar moipoveba adaptirebuli da dadgenili kaklis jiSebi. faqtobrivad, kakali moixsenieba rogorc egzemplarebi. kakali ekonomiurad momgebian kulturas warmoadgens, Tumca arsebuli teqnologiebiT miRebuli kaklis nergebi ver akmayofilebs adgilobriv fermerTa moTxovnilebas. aqedan gamomdinare, maRali xarisxis kaklis nergi deficits warmoadgens. bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi intensiurad daiwyo ucxoeTidan kaklis sanerge masalis Semotana, rac adgilobrivi jiSebis Seviwroebas iwvevs, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom bazarze qarTuli kakali (saqarTveloSi moyvanili) ufro Zviri Rirs, vidre Semotanili, rac ganpirobebulia maTi kvebiTi da Tvisobrivi maCveneblebiT. mTel smsoflioSi farTod gamoiyeneba axali bioteqnologiuri, Tanamedrove qsovilovani kulturebis gamravlebis meTodi, rac sargavi da sanerge masalis warmoebisaTvis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis miRebas gulisxmobs. qsoviluri kulturebis gamoyeneba sul ufro farTo mniSvnelobas iZens, radgan aRniSnuli teqnologia saSualebas iZleva uwyvetad uzrunvelyofili iyos paTologiuri mikrobebisa da virusebisgan Tavisufali saTesle da sargavi masalis warmoeba. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom kakali Znelad gasamravlebel kulturas warmoadgens. misi gamravleba in vitro meTodiT saSualebas mogvcems erT weliwadSi miviRoT sanamyene da saZire masala. Sedegad aqtiurad moxdeba kaklis nergebis ganaxleba-gaSeneba, SenarCundeba adgilobrivi kaklis biomravalferovneba, rac xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi soflis meurneobis am dargis ganviTarebas. 42 axali agraruli saqarTvelo axali bioteqnologiuri qsovilovani kulturebis gamravlebis meTodis danergva Tavis mxriv aRmofxvris im deficits, romelic dRes kaklis nergis warmoebis sferoSi arsebobs. wlebia, rac aRniSnuli teqnologiis danergvaze bioteqnologiis centri warmatebiT muSaobs. Sedegad gvaqvs kartofilis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis koleqcia (72 jiSi). bolo erTi weliwadia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis bioteqnologiis centri aqtiurad muSaobs kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis koleqciis Seqmnaze SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis dafinansebiT. dRes kaklis sawyisi masalis asaRebad CvenTvis idealuri gamodga saguramoSi, sofel jiRauraSi arsebuli kaklis sadede baRi, radgan iq gaaCniaT 2-3 wlovani axalgazrda xeebi, rac saukeTesoa kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis misaRebad. kvlevis meTodika: kaklis sinjaris mcenareebis gazrdisaTvis laboratoriaSi gamoyenebuli iqna sami tipis sakvebi are (muraSige — skuge; naxevrad-Zlieri muraSige — skuge da DKW mediumi), romlebic aucilebelia sinjaris mcenareebis gamosazrdelad da maT dasafesvianeblad. sinjarebi sacobebTan erTad sterildeba mSral sterilizatorebSi 1200C temperaturaze. gasterilebul sinjarebSi isxmeba 10-10 ml. aduRebuli sakvebi are, romelic sterildeba orTqlis avtoklavSi 1050C temperaturaze, 40-45 wT-is ganmavlobaSi. gadaTesva xdeba sterilur boqsebSi, laminaruli magidebis gamoyenebiT. SerCeuli kaklis masalidan pirvel etapze moxda mcenareebis gazrda fitotronSi regulirebad pirobebSi DKW mediumSi (temperatura 260C; 18-saaTiani sinaTlis periodiT). gazrdili mcenareebi dasafesvianeblad gadagvqonda hormonebis (indlol 3 butirismJava) Semcvel DKW mediumSi, sibnelis fazaSi 23-240Cze 7; 14 an 21 dRe, dafesvianebuli sinjaris mcenareebi Tavsdeboda auqsinis Semcvel MS-naxevradZlier sakveb areSi fesvTa sistemis gasaZliereblad (temperatura 23-240C; 16-saaTiani sinaTlis periodiT) 3-4 kviris ganmavlobaSi. dafesvianebuli mcenareebi iTeseboda aklimatizaciisTvis sterilur WurWelSi (13X10.5X4 sm), romelic Seicavs specialur niadags da ifareba polieTileniT, rom SeinarCunos tenianoba. mcenareebi irwyveboda wyliT kviraSi erTxel igive pirobebSi. bioteqnologiis centris samecniero jgufma SeZlo gadaelaxa is sirTuleebi, rac kaklis kulturis bioteqnologiuri meTodiT gamravlebas axlavs Tan. miviReT in vitro sinjaris mcenareebi, romlebic xasiaTdeba gamarTuli ReroTi da Zlieri foTlebiT. moxda maTi dafesvianeba specialur sakveb areSi, xolo fesvTa sistemis gaZliereba vermikulitis Semcvel xelovnur sakvebSi. ნოემბერი, 2013 კვლევა gamoyenebuli literatura: kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebi amrigad, saqarTveloSi pirvelad, laboratoriis pirobebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis miReba, romlebic xasiaTdebian Zlieri fesvTa sistemiT, gamarTuli ReroTi da zomieri foTlebiT. Cvens mier aprobirebuli kaklis gamravlebis axali bioteqnologiuri meTodi misi farTod gamoyenebis saSualebas mogvcems, radgan in vitro meTodiT SesaZlebelia drois mcire monakveTSi miviRoT kaklis nergi, Cvens mier miRebuli Sedegebi ki aris pirveli nabijebi am metad Zvirfasi kulturis janmrTeli, sufTa nergis warmoebisaTvis saqarTveloSi. iveta megreliSvili, biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori maia kuxaleiSvili, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis bioteqnologiis centris direqtori ekaterine bulauri, nino murvaniZe, mecnier-TanamSromlebi 1. BOURRAIN L., NAVATEL J.C. (1994) Micropropagation du noyer Juglansregia L. Première partie : production in vitro - InfosCtifl n° 98 : 40-48. 2. NAVATEL J.C., BOURRAIN L (1994) - Influence of the physical structure of the medium on in vitro rooting - Advances in horticultural science vol8 : 57-59. 3. BOURRAIN L., NAVATEL J.C. (1995) Micropropagation du noyer Juglansregia L. Deuxièmepartie :acclimatation en serre et èlevage du plant en pèpinière - InfosCtifl n°112 : 28-33. 4. NAVATEL JC., BOURRAIN L. (2001) - Plant production of walnut Juglansregia L. by in vitro multiplication - ActaHorticulturae544 : 465-471. 5. NAVATEL J.C., BOURRAIN L., PARAT J., BLAL B. (1996) - Effect of application of a precommercial AMF inoculant during the weaning stage of micropropagated walnut and pear - COST 822 Physiology and control of plant propagation in vitro - Proceedings of the workshop held at Humboldt university, Berlin 1996. 6. BOURRAIN L., NAVATEL J.C., BLAL B., PARAT J. (1999) - Les mycorhizes: des champignons symbiotiques en aide aux pépiniéristes - InfosCtifl n° 154 : 36-39. 7. NAVATEL J.C., BOURRAIN L., PARAT J., BLAL B. (1999) - Effect of applications of a pre-commercial AMF inoculant during the weaning stage of micropropagated plants of walnut and pear - COST 8.21 - Arbuscularmycorrhizas in sustainable soil plant systems. Repport of 1998 activities - European Community- COST : 168-169. 8. D. RНOS LEAL.,M. SБNCHEZ-OLATE.,F. AVILЙS.,M.E. MATERAN., M. URIBE.,R. HASBЪNAND R. RODRНGUEZ.MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS REGIA L. (2006)Dept. B.O.S., Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Spain. ვე ტე რინარია ვეტერინარია `Smalenbergis~ daavadeba gvitevs! daavadeba, romlis istoria 2011 wlis agvistodan iwyeba, pirvelad germaniis qalaq SmalenbergSi mewvel furebSi manamde Seuswavleli klinikiTa da simptomebiT iqna registrirebuli. daavadebis gamomwvevi aRmoCnda ucnobi virusi, rac germaniis fridrix lefleris saxelobis institutSi Catarebulma kvlevebma daadastura da miakuTvnes orTobuniavirusebis gvaris buniavirusebis ojaxs, xolo daavadebas Smalenbergi uwodes. ნოემბერი, 2013 2012 wlis ianvarSi daavadeba gamovlinda did britaneTSi. Semdgomi periodisTvis Tavi iCina niderlandebSi mecxvareobis fermebSic. amJamad daavadeba registrirebulia evropis mTel rig qveynebSi. virusis ZiriTadi amTvisebelia merZeuli da mexorceuli jiSiani m Ralp pr qtiuli msxvil msx x ma roduq fexa rqosani pirutyvi, cxvari da Txa. inkubaciuri periodi 2-5 dRea. klinikuri niSnebi gamoixateba cxelebiT, diareiT, wveladobisa da wonis klebiT, romlebic ramdenime dReSi normas ubrundeba. wvrilfexa rqosan pirutyvSi Seaxali agraruli saqarTvelo 43 ვე ტერინარი ა ვეტერინარია iZ Zleba b mka m fio klini n kuri r niS n Sn nebi b arc gamoixatos. avaddeba mTliani suladobis 20-dan 70 %-mde. daavadebas Tan axlavs mravlobiTi abortebi. dabadebuli nayofi ganuviTarebelia da axlavs mTeli rigi simaxinjeebi: mogrexili kiseri, ganuviTarebeli saxsrebi, Tavis tvinSi kistozuri warmonaqmnebi, kidurebis arasimetriuli zomebi, sqoliozi, kunTebis atrofia, qveda ybis deformacia, ataqsia, hidrocefaliebi, muclisa da gul-mkerdis Rrus ascitebi, sibrmave da sxva. zogierT faraSi SeiZleba 50%-mde defeqtiani batknebis mogeba moxdes. rogorc wesi, aseTi klinikuri niSnebiT dabadebuli cxovelebi masobrivad Zalian swrafad kvdebian. dadasturebulia cxovelTa yvela asakobrivi jgufis amTvisebloba. adamianTa daavadebis SemTxvevebi registrirebuli ar aris, Tumca holandiis janmrTelobisa da garemos dacvis erovnuli institutis mecnierTa kvlevebiT adamianTa daavadebis SesaZlebloba ar gamoiricxeba. Smalenbergis daavadebas miakuTvneben transmisiur infeqciebs da naCvenebia horizontaluri (sisxlismwoveli mweridan-mcoxnav cxovelze) da vertikaluri (inficirebuli dedidan, transplacentaruli — nayofze) dasnebovnebis gzebi. cxovelTa dasnebovnebis ZiriTadi gzebia: sisxlismwoveli mwerebis kbena; 44 axali agraruli saqarTvelo s or rganiz n zm n — ma m keoba; b dedis midan inficirebuli sperma. daavadebis paTogenezi, virusis gavrcelebis ZiriTadi meqanizmi da misi Soreuli moqmedebebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebebiT virusis jerjerobiT arasruli Seswavlis gamo ucnobia, vinaidan daavadeba axalia da gamomwvevi mizezebi srulyofilad Seswavlili ar aris, Tan profilaqtikuri saSualebebi ar moipoveba. aseve Seswavlis procesSia imunitetis sakiTxi im cxovelebSi, romlebsac hqondaT daavadebis niSnebi an moixades daavadeba. ruseTis cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis samecniero-kvleviT institutSi SemuSavebulia sadiagnostiko test-sistemebi polimeraza jaWvuri reaqciiT (genomis) da imunofermentuli analizis (antigeni-antisxeulebi) kvlevis meTodebiT, romlebsac warmatebiT iyeneben mraval qveyanaSi.evrokavSiris qveynebSi tardeba masiuri monitoringi sisxlis SratSi da rZeSi daavadebis antisxeulebis arsebobaze. axlaxans klasificirebuli virusi swrafad vrceldeba evrokavSiris qveynebSi, sadac veterinaruli samsaxurebi sxvadasxva sqemebiT da struqturebiT naklebefeqturad muSaoben. problemad rCeba daavadebis winaaRmdeg brZolis meTodebis ararseboba, daavadebis kupirebisaTvis da acilebisaTvis organizmis damcveli profilaqtikuri saSualebebis ararseboba. zogierT qveyanaSi molodinis reJimis gamo araviTari RonisZiebebi ar gautarebiaT da eqspertTa umravlesoba evropisa da aziis qveynebSi axal-axali mravlobiTi kerebis afeTqebas varaudobs. veterinaruli inspeqtirebisa da moTxovnebis Sesustebam gamoiwvia is, rom avstriaSi ramdenime kviris manZilze daavadeba mcoxnav cxovelTa TiTqmis 90%-Si gavrcelda. amJamad mTel rig qveynebs dawesebuli aqvT droebiTi SezRudvebi germaniidan, belgiidan, avstriidan, niderlandebidan, avstraliidan, axali zelandiidan, italiidan, safrangeTidan,luqsemburgidan cocxali pirutyvis, xorcis, supproduqtebis, spermisa da embrionebis importze. evrokavSiris qveynebis veterinari specialistebis mier detaluri epizootiuri kvlevebis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom daavadebis pirveli kerebis teritoriuli gamovlinebebi emTxveva 2006 wlis blutangis daavadebis gamovlinebis pirvel SemTxvevebs, romlis aRmZvreli evropis CrdiloeT nawilSi moxvda TviTmfrinavis meSveobiT afrikidan virusmtarebeli sisxlismwoveli mwerebiT, romlebic mravali saxisaa. daavadebis gamowvevis dRemde arsebuli stereotipebis SeswavliT mecnierTa daskvnebiT daavadeba evropaSi avstraliidan da axali zelandiidan jiSiani msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis Semoyvanis Sedegad gavrcelda, rac msoflio vaWrobis globalizaciis Sedegia. aRniSnul problemaze saerTaSoriso epizootiuri biuros generalurma direqtorma bernar valam didi xnis winaT ganacxada: „aracentralizirebuli saxelmwifo veterinaruli sistema Zalian uxerxuli da araefeqturia daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. cxovelTa daavadebebTan brZola namdvili omia, sadac bevri jariskaci da polkovnikia, generali ki erTi unda iyos, bevri generlis SemTxvevaSi ki yvela omi wagebuli iqneba“. cezar maCitiZe, veterinarul-mecnierebaTa doqtori ნოემბერი, 2013 ინ ფორმ აცია ინფორმაცია rogor SevqmnaT ko o pe ra ti vi ? kooperativis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa glexebis dargebis mixedviT gaerTianeba. maRalmTian regionSi kooperativebis wevrTa raodenoba 3-ze, xolo saqarTvelos danarCen teritoriaze 5-ze naklebi ar unda iyos. sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis wevri SeiZleba iyos: 1. 18 wels miRweuli saqarTvelos moqalaqe, romelic uSualod monawileobs am kooperativis sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi da flobs pais. 2. sasoflo sameurneo kooperativi. kooperativis qoneba sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis qoneba iqmneba wevrTa (mepaieTa) SenataniT (paiT), sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobiT miRebuli mogebiT, grantiT, an sxva wyaroebiT. kooperativebis Seqmnisas kerZo mflobelobaSi arsebuli miwis gaerTianeba savaldebulo ar aris, Tumca survilis SemTxvevaSi da wevrTa erToblivi gadawyvetilebiT SesaZlebelia. kooperativis qoneba sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis statuss aniWebs „sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis saagento“. kooperativis statusis misaRebad saWiroa: gaerTianebiT dainteresebuli pirebi daregistrirdebian samewarmeo reestrSi kooperativis organizaciuli formiT; saagentoSi waradginon miwis an qonebaze mesakuTris damadasturebeli dokumenti da kooperativis wesdeba. მეჩაიეობა და მეციტრუსეობა subtropikuli soflis meurneobis wamyvani dargebi saqarTvelos subtropikuli zona mciremiwian regions warmoadgens, sadac amJamad tradiciuli aborigenuli sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis garda msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan Semotanili subtropikuli kulturebi xarobs da qveynis ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. maT Soris sakmarisia dasaxeldes Cai, romlis asocwliani istoria sisxlxorceuladaa dakavSirebuli am zonis mosaxleobis ekonomikur da socialur aRmavlobasTan. jer kidev meoce saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, rodesac masiurad Sendeboda Cais samrewvelo plantaciebi, imTaviTve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo sxva subtropikuli kulturebis gaSenebac. im zonebSi, sadac niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi Seesabameboda kulturaTa bioekologiur moTxovnilebas, Camoyalibda specializebuli, maT Soris, citrusebis meurneobebi. umetes SemTxvevaSi subtropikuli kulturebis gaSeneba Cais msxvil meurneobebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. mecnier-mkvlevarTa da specialistTa aseT mizanSewonil midgomas ramdenime gamarTleba hqonda. upirveles yovlisa, maqsimalurad iyo gamoyenebuli meurneobis niadagur-klimaturi da orTografiuli faqtorebi; meore — mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo muSaxelis racionaluri ნოემბერი, 2013 dasaqmeba; mesame — izrdeboda meurneobaTa Semosavali da mosaxleoba Rebulobda maTTvis saWiro sasaqonlo da samomxmareblo produqcias. Cais specializebuli meurneobebis Camoyalibebis paralelurad iqmneboda citrusovanTa specializebuli meurneobebi. citrusovani kulturebi garkveuli masStabiT warmodgenil iqna Cais msxvil meurneobebSi, sadac klimaturi pirobebi amis saSualebas iZleoda. Cais foTlis krefis sezonis damTavrebis Semdeg muSa-mosamsaxureebs noember-dekemberSi saSualeba eZleodaT emuSavaT citrusebis nayofis damzadebaze, SefuTva-gamozamTrebis samuSaoebze, produqciis realizaciaze mieRoT damatebiTi anazRaureba. meurneobaTa funqcionirebis mravalwlianma gamocdilebam cxadyo am ori ZiriTadi subtropikuli kulturis — Caisa da citrusebis Tanaarsebobis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba. swored am kulturebis intensiurma ganviTarebam xeli Seuwyo subtropikuli soflis meurneobis aRmavlobas saqarTveloSi. 1991 wlisaTvis Cais plantaciebs 64,8 aTasi ha. ekava (maT Soris srulasakovani 57,2 aTasi ha.), citrusovnebs — 27,4 — aTasi ha. am sawarmoo masStabebis sruli gaazrebisTvis sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom marto meCaieobis axali agraruli saqarTvelo 45 მეჩაიეობა და მეციტრუსეობა dargis xvedriTi wili qveynis soflis meurneobaSi am droisaTvis 23,6%-s Seadgenda da masze soflis meurneobis mTliani produqciis realizaciiT miRebuli mogebis 58% modioda. amasTan, saqarTvelos Cais mrewveloba daaxloebiT 1 mlrd. 500 mln. maneTis sasaqonlo produqcias awarmoebda, rac saqarTvelos agrosamrewvelo kompleqsis sistemaSi warmoebuli produqciis 35%-ze mets Seadgenda. amasTanave, nedleulis pirveladi gadamuSavebis wliuri simZlavre Seadgenda 844 aTas tonas. gadamuSavebas axorcielebda 164 sawarmo, maT Soris 142 pirveladi gadamuSavebisa. citrusebis saerTo mosavali am droisaTvis (1990 w. ukanaskneli aRricxvadi weli) Seadgenda 301,305 tonas. saSualo saheqtaro mosavlianoba 152 c/ha, xolo saerTo Semosavali dargidan 520 mln. maneTze mets. aRsaniSnavia, rom uxvmosavlian wlebSi, magaliTad, 1988 wels saerTo mosavalma Seadgina 436,200 tona, mosavlianobam — 227 c/ ha, xolo saerTo Semosavalma 800 mln. maneTs gadaaWarba. rogorc vxedavT, subtropikuli kulturebis am ori umniSvnelovanesi dargis warmoebis masStabebi qveyanaSi metad STambeWdavia, magram rac metad mniSvnelovania, dargSi uproblemod iyo dasaqmebuli 26 administraciuli raionis Sromisunariani mosaxleobis udidesi nawili. aRniSnuli kulturebis warmoebas aqvs aramarto didi ekonomikuri mniSvneloba, aramed metad sayuradReboa maTi ekologiuri datvirTvac. gansakuTrebiT es exeba Cais plantaciebs, romelTa nargaobebis 70%-ze meti mdebareobs ferdobebze da mWidrod ganTavsebuli buCqebidan Semdgari Spalerebi warmoadgenen saukeTeso dacvas eroziuli movlenebis winaaRmdeg. amgvarad, axlo warsulSi saqarTvelos, rogorc agrarul qveyanas, sakmaod ganviTarebuli soflis meurneoba gaaCnda. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da sabazro ekonomikur urTierTobebze gadasvlis Semdeg qveyanaSi ganviTarebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri arastabilurobis gamo gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda mravaldargovani soflis meurneoba da misi metad mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli — subtropikuli meurneoba, dasustda soflis sawarmoo Zalebi, moiSala materialur-teqnikuri baza, mouvlelobis gamo gamoifita adre noyieri miwebi. ZiriTadad Sewyvita funqcionireba ekonomikurad da organizaciulad dargma, romelic warmoadgenda savaluto resurss. amis garda, moweuli nayofebis realizaciasTan dakavSirebiT problemebi Seeqmna mecitruseobas. soflad dairRva infrastruqtura, gauqmda produqciaze fiqsirebuli fasebi, daikarga gasaRebis tradiciuli bazrebi. situacias arTulebs isic, rom qveyanaSi jer kidev ar aris sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebaSi mkafiod gamoxatuli prioritetuli mimarTulebebi, garda mevenaxeo- 46 axali agraruli saqarTvelo bisa. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba subtropikul zonaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, dRevandel glex-fermers eufleba uimedobis gancda. miuxedavad imisa, rom masze iricxeba erTi an meti heqtari miwis farTobi, mflobelma ar icis, Tu romeli kultura awarmoos. saxelmwifo ar ukveTavs ama Tu im kulturis produqcias da xSir SemTxvevaSi umjobesad miiCnevs ucxoeTidan importirebas. mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenili subtropikuli zonis mosaxleobis sakmaod didi nawili sazRvargareT wavida, kerZod, bevri maTgani mezobel TurqeTSi imyofeba da raoden paradoqsulia, Cais foTlisa da citrusovanTa nayofebis sakrefad. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, dargis savalalo mdgomareobis miuxedavad, specialistebis azriT viTarebis gamosworeba SeiZleba. amisaTvis saxelmwifom radikaluri RonisZiebebi unda gaataros, aRmouCinos dargs pirvel etapze finansuri mxardaWera Cais plantaciebis aRdgenaSi, Cais fabrikebis restavrirebaSi, sanam dargi gamouSvebs mza nawarms, romelic iqneba konkurentunariani bazarze. meCaieobis krizisidan daZlevisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi: 1. saqarTveloSi arsebuli Cais nargaobebis pasportizaciis Catareba jiSuri Semadgenlobis, asakobrivi mdgomareobis da sakuTrebis formis gaTvaliswinebiT. 2. saqarTveloSi mineraluri da organuli sasuqebis bunebrivi resursebis samrewvelo amoqmedeba. 3. lojistikis sistemis Seqmna saxelmwifo-kerZo partnioruli urTierTobis safuZvelze. 4. qarTuli Cais yofil tradiciul bazrebze SeRwevadamkvidreba, Sida bazris dacva kontrabanduli produqciisagan, qveyanaSi Cais importis SezRudva, xolo Semotanils dauwesdes maRali sabaJo gadasaxadi. 5. konkurentunariani produqciis warmoebis mizniT Cais warmoebisa da gadamuSavebis erTi mesakuTris xelSi moqceva. 6. meCaieobis dargis reabilitaciaSi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis daxmarebis SesaZleblobis gamoyeneba, maT mier grantebis, subsidiebis, SeRavaTiani kreditebis da sxvaTa saxiT gamoyofili saxsrebiT, meCaieobis reabilitaciisaTvis sainvesticio fondis Seqmna. 7. samuSaoTa warmoebis pirvel etapze meCaieobis reabilitaciaSi monawile organizaciebis ganTavisufleba gadasaxadebisagan da Semosuli Tanxebi moxmardes dargis kvlavwarmoebas. rac Seexeba mecitruseobis dargis ganviTarebas, erT-erT problemad kvlav nayofebisa da sakonservo mrewvelobis produqciis realizacia rCeba. misi tradiciuli bazari Tanamegobrobis qveynebia. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba agreTve saxelmwifo dakveTebis aRdgenas da ganviTarebas. mecitruseobis Semdgomi aRorZineba-ganviTareba kulturaTa mecnieruli safuZvlebis axlebur damuSavebas moiTxovs. sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi agrosamrewvelo warmoebis efeqtianobis safuZvelia is, Tu igi rogori warmatebiT iyenebs mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis miRwevebs, sawarmoo potencialis masStabebs da xarisxs, muSaTa kvalifikacias da sxva. programa mecitruseobis dargis krizisidan gamoyvanis erT-erT gadamwyvet gzad kooperaciuli meurneobebis citrusovanTa baRebis mosaxleobis sakuTrebaSi gadacemas gulisxmobs. programa citrusovanTa nayofis mosavlis 70-100 aTas tonamde gazrdasac iTvaliswinebs. amrigad, am ori metad mniSvnelovani dargis aRdgenaganviTareba qveynis soflis meurneobis krizisidan gamoyvanis saqmeSi aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens. roland kopaliani, sof. meurn. mecn. doqtori, profesori, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti ნოემბერი, 2013 Sve i ca ri u li kom pa nia sin gen ta, SYNGEN TA AGRO AG aris msof li o Si li de ri firma agrobiznesis sferoSi, romelic awarmoebs da awvdis bazars Tanamedrove, maRali xarisxis mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebs (pesticidebs), mindvris kulturebis (xorbali, qeri, rafsi, simindi, mzesumzira, Saqris Warxali) da bostneuli kulturebis rogorc Ria, aseve daculi gruntis maRalxarisxian da uxvmosavlian Teslebs. SYNGENTA saqarTvelosa da dsT-s qveynebSi realizacias axdens aSS-s kompania DOW AGRO SCIENCES-is CES-is produqciasac. kompania warmodgenilia Tavisi produqciiT msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSi. saqarTveloSi funqcionirebs singentas warmomadgenloba, romelic operirebs da pasuxismgebelia mTeli amierkavkasiis masStabiT (saqarTvelo, somxeTi, azerbaijani). saqarTveloSi singentas ofisTan kurirebs fermerTa daxmarebisa da konsultaciis centri, sadac SegiZliaT miiRoT maRalkvalificiuri rCeva TiTqmis yvela sasoflo sameurneo kulturis movla-moyvanis, distributorebisa da mravali saqmiani partniorebis Sesaxeb singentas produqcia xelmisawdomia mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT. didi siamovnebiT gelodebiT Cvens ofisSi saqmiani SexvedrebisaTvis, dagvirekeT TqvenTvis xelsayrel dros an mogvwereT: Cveni misamarTia: 0119. Tbilisi, ak. wereTlis 142, metro didubesTan, samTo qimiis gverdiT. tel\faqsi: 235 33 12. mob: 599 50 62 35, 592 14 66 77, 574 07 31 73. 599 33 07 63 el. fosta: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].