shaping 21

21 · THE NEW MAXAM MAGAZINE
PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES
The Shepherd
It’s a bird, it’s a plane… · 16
ZOOM
Fireworks
Colors in the sky · 18
CHILE
THE COPPER
COLOSsUS
A country blessed by stability and prosperity,
Chile has carved out a spot as South America’s
most highly valued emerging economy and one of
the world’s most promising mineral markets.
4
6
10
NEWS IN BRIEF
HIGHLIGHTS
16
MARCELO SEGOVIA
maxam Chile’s
Marketing Director
20
ZOOM
24
the shepherd
It’s a bird, it’s a plane....
CHILE
The copper colossus
INTERVIEW
PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES
18
FIREWORKS
Colors in the sky
Send us your questions, suggestions or
proposals to: [email protected]
www.maxam.net
MAXAM is a service and industrial group that operates on a
global scale by developing, manufacturing and commercializing
civil explosives and initiation systems for mining, quarries and
infrastructures; cartridges, shotgun shells and smokeless powder
for hunting and sports use; and products for the defence industry.
Civil Explosives · Outdoors · Defence · Chem · Energy
27
FOUNDATION
eulogio varela AND
THE ABC MUSEUM
Deans of Drawing and
Illustration
HISTORY
SHOTS FIRED
The gun salute
MORE
NOBEL DIVERSIONS
EDITORIAL
Issue 21#
Chairman & CEO
José Fernando Sánchez-Junco
Coordination and design
MAXAM Communication
Management
Photography
MAXAM´s images archive
Thinkstock
Juan Carlos Gárgoles
Editing
MAXAMCorp Holding S.L.
Avenida del Partenón, 16.
Campo de las Naciones.
28042 Madrid
Tel.: 91 722 01 00
Fax: 91 722 01 01
[email protected]
Printing
Ediciones Reunidas S.A.
Grupo Zeta
Legal deposit:
M-14640-2008
All rights reserved. The contents
of this publication will not
be reproduced, distributed
or broadcasted publicly in
any way without the previous
written authorisation from
the editing company.
Management respects
its collaborator´s right
for free expression.
The future’s potential
Chile’s mining potential –its copper,
gold, iron or lead reserves– has been
well known for ages. The country’s
current prosperity, reached thanks to
the contributions made by the extractive
industry, shows that said potential
can be achieved. These achievements
demonstrate this southernmost country’s
capacity to keep growing in the future,
counting on companies like MAXAM
for technology, know-how, international
experience obtained in mayor projects
undertaken in 45 countries and five
continents, and a human team capable of
turning those possibilities into reality.
A decade ago we launched our operations
in Chile, consolidating our presence
in South America. Today we also
operate in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. All
are major mining countries in terms
of reserves, production and exports,
and therefore key players within the
international commodities market.
These are countries upon which
we’ve bet, and in which we’ve made
significant investments over the past
few years. Our goal is to provide both
local and international mining and
construction companies with the most
complete catalogue of products and
services, collaborating in pursuit of the
best possible results, simultaneously
promoting industrial and economic
growth. A mission that also includes social
development, which MAXAM fosters
with initiatives such as the Aporta Project,
José Fernando Sánchez-Junco
Chairman & CEO
which began in Bolivia several
years ago, and which focuses on
educational and cultural initiatives
aimed at the local communities in
which we operate.
Investments, a wide range of
products and services, collaboration
and active engagement with the local
communities: these are all factors
that influence sustainable growth for
both MAXAM and its clients, as well
as the countries in which we already
operate, and those in which to which
we will undoubtedly expand in the
coming years.
3
NEWS IN BRIEF
MAXAM world’s
The
third
largest global producer and
supplier of civil explosives
and initiation sytems
A provider of products
and services to the armies
and defence ministries of
40 countries
The Spanish State Secretary for Commerce, Jaime García-Legaz, presents the
commemorative plaque to MAXAM’s Chairman & CEO, José F. Sánchez-Junco.
Maxam, named ‘Great Spanish Company’ of 2013
MAXAM was recently recognized
by Spain’s Exporters and Investors
Club’s during its XI Internationalization
Awards’ ceremony. This annual event
celebrates those individuals, companies
and institutions that stand out for their
work supporting and promoting Spanish
products and services worldwide,
contributing to the development
of the Spanish economy and
internationalization of its companies.
MAXAM Defence · Cyprus
This spring, EXPAL will initiate
operations to destroy the Cypriot
National Guard’s obsolete and outdated
ammunition, which involves the
demilitarization of 2,150 tonnes of
conventional ammunition, mainly
artillery and mortar elements.
SHAPING
The Award is yet another recognition
of the Company’s global presence,
with production facilities and
6,500 employees in 45 countries,
as well as the sales of its products
and services in over 100
spread across five continents.
in the manufacture and sale
of ammunition for sports
shooting and hunting
European
leader within the
The
nitrochemicals industry
An expert consulting
source in environmental
and safety-related
technological developments
Excellence in demilitarization
4
MAXAM was singled out as ‘Great
Spanish Company’ of the year for its
notable international extension.
A world leader
EXPAL is the European leader in
demilitarization activities due to its
extensive experience in carrying out such
procedures in accordance with
the strictest safety, environmental
and quality standards, and its
ability to recover, recycle and
re-use material extracted from
munitions into new life cycle
products in the civil sector.
MAXAM Defence · Italy
Expal selected to supply munitions to the Italian Navy
EXPAL, MAXAM’s Defence
Business Unit, has been awarded
a contract to supply the Italian
Navy with 76mm / 62 caliber TP
ammunition for OTO MELARA
cannon. Italy is the latest country,
amongst numerous other NATO
members, to choose EXPAL as a
preferred provider for this type of
ammunition; currently, EXPAL’s
products and services are
employed by over 40 countries all
over the world.
Explosive, Pre-Formed Fragments,
High Explosive, Target Practice, and
Target Practice with Tracer versions.
All of EXPAL’s Naval Artillery
components –including fuzes, shells,
primers and projection loads– are
fully manufactured by EXPAL, under
its own design and manufacturing,
ensuring their perfect integration.
Cooperation agreement with
DIEHL Defence Land Systems
EXPAL develops and
manufactures 76mm Naval
Artillery ammunition, in its High
MAXAM Civil Explosives · Turkey
EXPAL has also signed a
cooperation framework agreement
with Diehl Defence Land Systems in
order to offer solutions in the field of
vehicle maintenance, modernization,
manufacturing and marketing at an
international level.
EXPAL’s collaboration with Diehl
began two years ago, when MAXAM’s
Defence Business Unit was selected
to be the multinational’s sole partner
for maintenance and overhaul of the
Spanish armed forces’ tracked vehicles.
This ongoing, global partnership enables
EXPAL to continue internationalizing
its business while also promoting
enhanced market penetration in
the area of vehicle maintenance.
CIVIL EXPLOSIVES’ NEW FACILITIES IN TURKEY
MAXAM recently inaugurated
new RIOGEL production plant
and Ammonium Nitrate storage
facilities in Malatya, Anatolia, one
of Turkey’s most dynamic regions.
This new site will be a crucial source
of ANFO, RIONEL, RIOGEL SB
and SD or Troner products. The new
facilities are a reflection of MAXAM’s
significant entrance into the Turkish
market with a majority share in a
Joint Venture with a local partner.
This mutually beneficial relationship
ensures the integrity of the project,
and reinforces MAXAM’s presence
in Turkey, one of Europe’s most
important consumers of explosives.
The new facilities were inaugurated in the full presence of local authorities including the Governor of
Malatya Province, Vasip Sahin, as well as local commercial representatives and the plant’s staff.
5
HIGHLIGHTS
CHILE
THE COPPER Colossus
A country blessed by stability and prosperity, Chile has progressed far
beyond the Andes Mountains and infinite Pacific that limit it geographically,
carving out a spot as South America’s most highly valued emerging
economy and one of the world’s most promising mineral markets.
F
6
rom the streets of Santiago to
the port of Antofagasta to the
southern wilds of the Pantagonia
region, Chile is a hotbed of activity. Its
inflation and unemployment rates are
negligible, and it leads South America
in development, income per capita,
and economic freedom; meanwhile, its
mining, agriculture and service sectors
are booming. Given these conditions, it’s
no surprise that investors find Chile to be
hotter than the temperatures registered
in its sweltering Atacama Desert.
While competitive agriculture, finance,
tourism and high tech sectors lend
significant weight to the national
economy, the engine that is fueling
Chile’s apparently unstoppable growth
is its powerful mining sector4. Copper,
gold, silver, iron and coal are mayor
minerals that exist in abundance, and
operations throughout the country enrich
the national coffers, while providing
the rest of the world with the key raw
materials that power our world.
Part of the attraction lies in the
country’s consistent growth: Chile has
managed to expand its economy at a
4.6% annual average during the past
decade1 and –despite the continued
global economic crisis–, the GDP is
expected to grow a further 4.3% in
20142. The fiscal discipline displayed
by successive governments, plus
comfortable tax rates and controlled
inflation, have led to its designation as
South America’s most highly valued
emerging economy, as well as its
accession as the sole regional member
within the Organization for Cooperation
and Economic Development (OECD)3.
Mineral abundance
The north of Chile is home to the
aforementioned Atacama Desert, an
1,000 kilometer strict of land on the
Pacific coast that is believed to be the
driest and oldest desert on earth. The
conditions, while punishing for humans,
are believed to be the cause of this
region’s enormous copper deposits,
as well as the fabulous deposits that
were the motivating factor behind
the country’s 1830-50 silver rush.
SHAPING
Further down, the Antofagasta
and Atacama Regions are the site of
considerable gold deposits; currently,
The mining sector
accounts for
60%
of Chile’s total
exports
56%
of those exports
are directly
related to copper
extractions
2%
of the world´s gold
mine output is
extracted in Chile
2% of the world’s gold is extracted
in Chile5. The same area is also
home to significant iron, lead
and zinc mining operations.
While the country is not a major
worldwide coal producer, it is
worth noting that the central Biobío
and Los Ríos Regions both boast
considerable coal mining operations,
which are also present in the
southern Magallanes and Antártica
Chilena Region, which is rich in
hydrocarbons and oil deposits.
The copper collossus
Chile owns the world’s largest
copper reserves and currently accounts
for one third of the world’s total
production of this key mineral, prized
for its electrical conductivity and used
in high tech applications around the
globe; copper mining alone accounts
for 5.5% of the country’s GDP. The
country’s reliance on the metal cannot
be understated. The mining sector
makes up 60% of Chile’s total exports,
but 56% of those are directly related to
copper extractions6. g
7
Chile has managed to
expand its economy at
a 4.6% annual average
during the past decade; the
GDP is expected to grow
a further 4.3% in 2014.
Chilean mines
produced 5.4 Mt
of copper in 2012,
and the country
is believed
to possess an
estimated 190,000
Mt in reserves.
The Atacama Desert contains enormous copper, gold, iron, lead and zinc reserves.
While Copper mining has been a major
industrial activity in Chile throughout
the latter half of the XX century, during
the past decade its expansion has been
particularly astounding, in large part
due to the rapid growth of developing
nations, that require this essential raw
material for fundamental infrastructure.
The BRIC’s (Brazil, Russia, India and
China) aren’t the only consumers of
Chilean copper, however. Another
leading importer is the United States,
which imported 43% of the copper
used between 2008 and 2011 from this
country7, and the European Union,
which employs the metal to manufacture
electric cables and other equipment,
in building operations, engineering
projects, transportation, and even
everyday objects like coins, sculptures,
musical instruments and cookware8.
Today, most copper mining operations
take place in the upper half of the
country, from the outskirts of the
capital in Santiago, to the northernmost
region of Arica y Parinacota. Chile’s
‘hybrid’ industry model has allowed
a dynamic copper mining scene to
8
SHAPING
develop in these areas, with active
competition between the state
mining firm, Codelco, and numerous,
international private companies, drawn
by the foreign investment-friendly
approach9 adopted by successive
governments over the years10.
Mines present in this long South
American strip produced 5.4 million
tons (Mt) of copper in 2012, and
the country is believed to possess an
estimated 190.000 Mt in reserves11. With
these excellent conditions, it’s likely
that copper will continue to power
the Chilean economy –and be part of
the products used throughout the rest
of the world– for decades to come.
Maxam Chile: your
partner on the pacific
Celebrating over a decade of activity in
the country, MAXAM Chile has mining
and quarrying projects throughout the
South American nation, directed from
its central offices in the capital, Santiago.
MAXAM Chile participates in a wide
variety of both open pit and underground
operations, including those ongoing
1
World Bank. Country Profile: Chile.
EFE. Chile’s economy expected to
grow 4 percent in in 2014.
2
3
OECD. Chile and the OECD.
International Monetary Fund. Chile
and the IMF.
4
U.S. Geological Survey. 2011 Minerals
Yearbook.
5
Eurostat. Chile-EU Statistical
Indicators and Trade Figures.
6
7
U.S. Geological Survey, Idem.
8
Eurostat, Idem.
Chile currently ranks as nº15 in the
Economist Intelligence Unit’s (EIU).
9
10
The Economist. ‘Mining in Chile:
Copper Solution’, 27/11/2013.
11
U.S. Geological Survey. Copper:
World Mine Production and Reserves.
HIGHLIGHTS
A copper collossus
at the Romeral, San Gerónimo, CEI
Caserones, Can Can and Chuquicamata
mines, amongst many others. Within
the metal mining sector, MAXAM Chile
is currently participating in numerous
copper, iron, gold and silver extractions.
products are its bulk and cartridge
hydrogels, dynamite products, bulk
and packaged ANFO, and its plethora
of initiation systems, ranging from
non-electric detonators to detonating
cords, blasting caps and slow fuses.
Currently, MAXAM operates three
production plants in Chile. Two plants,
located in Romeral and Copiapó,
produce matrix for RIOFLEX, the
MAXAM-developed watergel family
of civil explosives characterized by its
versatility and ability to be used in all
varieties of environmental and weather
conditions. A third plant, also located
in Copiapó, manufactures ANFO, the
widely-used bulk explosive mixture used
in mining and quarrying operations.
MAXAM Chile’s most popular
Over the course of 2014 MAXAM
Chile will be expanding its
participation into the country’s large
mining segment, to which it brings its
wide variety of products, revolutionary
technology and time-tested experience,
providing the new materials and
solutions that those clients require.
At the dawn of its second decade in
Chile, MAXAM strives to continue its
promising expansion, with the goal
of having its products and services
play a key part in all the country’s
mining operations in the future. n
SANTIAGO de Chile
April 21-25
South America’s premiere
mining convention
MAXAM Chile will show its
wares and engage with participating
companies at stand 1616 inside Hall 2B
at this year’s EXPOMIN 2014, Chile’s
biennial mining convention, which
gathers over 1600 exhibitors, and 4,000
different brands, under a single roof.
been organized to take place during
the event, parallel to all the informal
meetings that always blossom at this
iconic trade fair.
Simultaneously, the 2nd Meeting
concerning Mining Technical
Professional Alternatives will be held
at EXPOMIN, with the objective of
promoting jobs and education related
to the mining industry amongst
younger visitors. The Mining Pavilion
will also feature examples of mining as
an integrated industry, and will host a
business fair amongst the participating
business during this period.
First celebrated in 1990, this year’s
XIII edition of EXPOMIN stands to
attract some 80,000 visitors and will
center on the theme of ‘The Age of
Competitiveness and Technological
Innovation’, focusing on the analysis of
the current state of the mining industry
both in Chile and throughout the world.
Industry representatives will participate
in the six seminars, two workshops and
two roundtable conferences that have
9
INTERVIEW
Marcelo Segovia
Mining in chile
AN AUSPICIOUS FUTURE
With a background in mining engineering and marketing, Marcelo
Segovia joined MAXAM Chile this past year after a lengthy career
working on some of Chile’s most ambitious mining projects. Today he
takes time off from spearheading the Company’s expansion within this
South American titan in order to talk to SHAPING about the development
of the Chilean mining sector, its future, and MAXAM’s role therein.
Marcelo Segovia. MAXAM Chile’s Marketing Director
Why is Chile’s mining sector so important?
Chile is a country with
enormous mineral reserves. In
metal mining alone, it produces
significant amounts of copper, iron,
molybdenum, manganese, lead, zinc,
gold and silver. Of these products,
the most interesting are copper and
molybdenum, the latter being a
byproduct of copper production.
As a result of this mineral abundance,
mining has always been the main
activity of the country. More
recently, however, Chile’s mining
sector has grown especially powerful
because of its role as the most
active sector within the national
economy, with investors drawn by
the considerable copper production.
Chile’s mineral resources stand out
because of the size and quality of
the reserves. These factors, plus
the current levels of exploitation,
allow the country to achieve global
leadership with its products.
What is the Chilean mining sector like?
Mining operations can be found
throughout the country. In northern
10 SHAPING
Chile they’re mostly focused on
copper and gold as that’s where
the major reserves are located.
Copper mining is definitely the
country’s most important activity; it
generates most of the gold and silver
production, as these are byproducts.
The Chilean mining sector is
divided into three segments: large,
medium and small-scale mining.
The State mining operations are
large-scale projects carried out
through Codelco and Enami. Private
mining is present within all three
segments, and generally have
links to Enami through its supply
structure. Although neither medium
nor small mining operations have
casting infrastructure, they are
still involved as providers within
the subsequent processes.
What are the main minerals
that are mined?
The Chilean mining sector
primarily consists of copper, gold
and silver producers. Although these
operations have historically played
an important role in the country’s
economy, recently metal mining
A view of one of MAXAM’s many, ongoing operations in Chile.
has really become one of the nation’s
most dynamic sectors.
Another important sector in Chile
is the exploitation of non-metallic
products like nitrates, lithium and
iodine. The lithium market, for
example, is currently booming today
because of this mineral’s use in
batteries for cell phones, cars, etc.
Copper mining is
the country’s most
important activity;
it generates most of
the gold and silver
production, as these
are byproducts.
Is Copper “king”?
Chile’s copper production accounts
for a third of total world production.
The country mainly exports
cathodes and copper concentrates,
which are later processed in order
to make manufactured goods.
Industrialized countries have always
consumed Chilean copper, but
today rapidly developing countries
like China stand out, along with
the rest of Asia, and also much
of Western Europe. All of these
markets have a high degree of
dependence on Chilean copper.
What does Chile’s future hold
in store? Is now a good time to
launch further operations?
The future looks auspicious.
Large, medium and small mining
operations continue to be developed,
and the majority of the country’s
mines are extracting reserves
that will last for many more years.
Meanwhile, the country’s stability
and economic security reinforce
the mining companies’ confidence
in the region, and the investments
they make here. I have no doubt
that mining will continue to exist
in this country for years to come.
What role does MAXAM
play in this context?
MAXAM is already present in
Chile’s civil explosives market, and
steadily growing with each passing
year. While we already participate
extensively within the small and
medium mining segments, in 2014
we’re expanding operations into
the large mining sector, bringing
our entire range of products and
services, technology and knowledge
to the table. I have no doubt that
they will be very well received by
large mining customers, as this
segment of the market requires the
new products and solutions that
MAXAM can provide; we already
have considerable experience in the
global large mining sector.
We already have three production
plants in Chile: two producing
RIOFLEX, our flagship watergel
explosive series, and one producing
ANFO, the bulk explosive mixture
used in mining and quarrying
operations. But MAXAM’s mayor
contribution to mining in Chile
is the cutting edge technology
that it applies to its products,
equipment and software, as well as
the globally-tested know-how that
the Company has developed in
operations around the world. It’s this
experience that allows MAXAM to
resolve whatever problems arrive
and provide solutions, regardless
of the landscape we’re dealing with
inside this diverse country. n
11
THE SOUTH
AMERICAN
WAY
The American subcontinent’s
thirteen countries contain a
wealth of geographic, cultural,
and mineral diversity. In this issue
of SHAPING, we highlight three
countries with mining industries
that are drawing attention the
world over.
12 SHAPING
BRAZIL
South America’s leading economy and the world’s fifth largest country
in terms of size, Brazil is currently the leading global producer of
minerals, with some 80 different types marketed as commodities.
The country’s wealth is due to its rich geology and enormous variety
of mineral deposits, making it a key producer of high quality ores.
PRODUCTION
World’s leading producer of high-content
iron ore and niobium.
9th largest producer of steel (34.5 million
tons in 20121).
Leading producer (in terms of volume) of
aluminum, bauxite and iron ore.
LEADING EXPORTS
Copper, gold, manganese, lead, nickel and tin2.
HEADQUARTERS San José dos Campos
established 2004
INFRASTRUCTURE
The country’s own rapid development and
increasing global presence –highlighted by
upcoming events such as the 2014 Soccer World
Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in
Rio de Janeiro–foster considerable expansion in
building and civil engineering projects.
TRADE
MERCOSUR membership, association with BRIC
nations (Brazil, Russia, India and China).
MAXAM Brazil
This year MAXAM
Brasil marks its 10th year of
activity within the South
American giant, celebrating
a decade of excellence in
gold, iron and copper mining
operations, as well as extensive
quarrying projects, carried
out throughout the country.
Over the course of the past
years the subsidiary has
also participated in crucial
infrastructure efforts like the
1
2
Porto do Santos expansion
project –which enlarged
Latin America’s busiest
container port– and the
construction of the Rodoanel
beltway in São Paulo.
The Company has production
plants in Salobo and Cruzeiro,
where a wide variety of
Civil Explosives products,
including bulk explosives and
detonators, are produced.
World Steel Association. World Steel in Figures, 2013.
U.S. Geological Survey. Brazil: 2011 Minerals Yearbook.
13
PERU
“The world’s goldmine” throughout centuries,
Peru continues to prosper: it’s still one of the
leading global producers of bismuth, copper, gold,
lead, silver, tin and zinc. In 2011 the country’s
mineral exports amounted to $46.3 billion3.
PRODUCTION
World’s second largest producer of
copper (1.1 metric tons in 2011, nearly
8% of the global total).
Major gold producer (164 metric tons in 2011).
Significant lead, silver, zinc and tin production.
LEADING EXPORTS
Copper, gold, manganese, lead, nickel and tin.
ADDITIONAL FACTORS
A favorable judiciary and investmentfriendly government policies have made
Peru one of South America’s most attractive
mining destinations.
TRADE
China and the U.S. are its leading trade
partners. Member of ANCOM, associate member
of MERCOSUR.
HEADQUARTERS Lima
MAXAM Andina
MAXAM has been present in
Peru since 2010 and currently
operates three different
companies within the Andean
country: MAXAM Andina,
CIPENSA and CPECO.
MAXAM stands prepared
to take full advantage of
the lucrative opportunities
expected to develop in Peru
3
4
14 SHAPING
established 2010
over the course of the near
future, as is anticipated by
the United Nation’s World
Economic Situation and
Prospects 2014 report, which
forecasts an economic growth
of 6% over the following two
years, making the country
South America’s secondfastest growing economy4.
U.S. Geological Survey. Peru: 2011 Minerals Yearbook.
United Nations. World Economic Situation and Prospects, 2014.
BOLIVIA
While mining has been an important
part of Bolivia’s economy since
colonial times, much of the country’s
mineral resources have yet to be fully
explored or developed, leading to
great international interest in its future
PRODUCTION
Major tin producer (8% of the world’s total
mine output in 2011)6.
Major silver producer (5% of the global total).
Significant boron, zinc, lead and
tungsten production.
LEADING EXPORTS
potential. The mining and quarrying
sector accounts for 9.6% of the country’s
Gross Domestic Product, highlighting
the importance of this industry in
Bolivia, with silver, zinc, tin, gold and
antimony being its top mineral exports.
MAXAM Fanexa
MAXAM began operations in
Bolivia with the privatization
of Fanexa in 1999. Today
MAXAM Fanexa is one of
the Company’s oldest South
American subsidiaries and the
market leader in Bolivia, with its
headquarters in Cochabamba.
Thanks to MAXAM’s innovative
technological advances, this
subsidiary has greatly improved
efficiency and contributed to the
country’s economic growth, with
its activity centered primarily on
mining and quarrying operations
throughout the country. At a
social level, MAXAM Fanexa
contributes with its Aporta
Project, which focuses on youth
outreach and helps local schools.
The most important are silver, zinc, tin,
gold and antimony.
TRADE
United States, Japan, South Korea, Belgium,
China and Switzerland are key trade partners.
HEADQUARTERS Cochabamba
5
established 1999
U.S. Geological Survey. Bolivia:
2011 Minerals Yearbook.
15
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
IT’S A BIRD, IT’S A PLANE…
The revolutionary SHEPHERD is both of these
things: a revolutionary unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV) that simulates a bird of prey, ideal for
use in both civilian and military contexts.
SHEPHERD-MIL’s ability
to carry cameras and
geo-location software
enable its use in quite
a variety of situations
from firefighting
detection missions
to military forward
observance operations.
T
he future is already here, and
flying over our heads.
Though you may not notice
it, given that it looks like any other
bird in the sky. The groundbreaking
SHEPHERD is EXPAL’s latest wonder
in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Designed to imitate a bird of prey,
this clever machine soars above and
easily passes for a hawk or eagle to the
untrained eye. It is an ingenious way to
monitor the world from above, while
also proving to be a mighty tool against
everyday inconveniences, like the
presence of birds in those areas where
they cause problems.
16 SHAPING
Extremely light, the SHEPHERD folds
into a case and can be launched by
hand, with the capacity to land on any
terrain. Meanwhile, the SHEPHERDMIL’s ability to carry cameras and
geo-location software enable its use
in quite a variety of situations, from
firefighting detection missions to
military forward observance operations.
Bird strike avoidance system
In 2009 news outlets around the
world covered the ‘Miracle on the
Hudson’, when US Airways Flight
1549 successfully landed in New York’s
Hudson River after losing both of its
turbines due to what is commonly
referred to as a birdstrike: the collision
between airborne animals and aircrafts. A surprisingly common occurrence, birdstrikes pose a significant
threat to flight safety and have been
responsible for accidents that have
had less positive outcomes than the
famed US Airways accident; worldwide, these incidents are responsible
for an estimated $1.2 billion in annual
losses for global commercial aircraft1.
Because birdstrikes generally take place
during takeoff or landing maneuvers,
it’s extremely important to keep airfields
clear of birds, which are unfortunately
drawn to such large, open spaces. While
some airports have attempted to remedy
the problem by harboring birds of prey,
this option requires a handler and is
far too expensive for most centers.
SHEPHERD features innovative
technology ideal to address this issue.
Due to the UAV’s design, which imitates
that of a bird of prey, actual winged
beasts flee in terror, reacting to the
device as they would towards any ‘real’
predator. While hawks and falcons
require food, rest, and cannot function
in a myriad of circumstances (ranging
from the weather to their unpredictable
behavior during mating season), the
SHEPHERD is ready to go whatever
the hour, 365 days a year. Due to these
conditions, as well as its environmentallysound design, it’s no surprise that the
International Civil Aviation Organization
has supported the use of this innovative
technology since February of 20122.
With the ability to be integrated with
avian radar and other such systems,
the SHEPHERD offers tailored, precise
action, far more sophisticated than
that which is offered by any radiocontrolled airplanes. Its controls allow
airports to drive bird flight paths into
specific areas, and it can be operated
using a standard PC; its ability to be
flown on automatic mode, meanwhile,
guarantees that human capital need not
be squandered on guiding it about with
a joystick or any similar instrument.
Forward observer
In the military field, EXPAL’s
SHEPHERD-MIL UAV provides
a powerful reconnaissance tool,
keeping soldiers out of danger while
providing key support and information.
Historically, troops designated as
‘forward observers’ were dispatched
into enemy-held areas in order to
identify targets and supply the location
of important opposition elements.
The introduction of UAV’s has greatly
changed the landscape of this regular
element in defence maneuvers. The
genius in SHEPHERD’s design is that
the same hawklike disguise that enables
it to intimidate birds on airfields also
allows it to circulate in conflict zones,
completely unnoticed by other troops.
Thorpe, John. Fatalities and destroyed
civil aircraft due to birdstrikes, 1912-2002.
International Bird Strike Committee.
1
SHEPHERD-MIL’s light weight and
durable design means that it can be
launched by hand in practically all
environments, and the option to mount
cameras and geo-location software
permits the transmission of landscape
features, making it a perfect supporting
device in operations that involve the use
of mortars. A modern solution that keeps
troops safe while contributing the vital
information necessary to successfully
achieve the objectives at hand. n
DOC 9137 AN/898 Part 3 Airport Services
Manual Wildlife Control and Reduction.
International Civil Aviation Organization.
2
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
The SHEPHERD-MIL can be launched by hand.
LENGTH:
0,85 m (2.8 ft)
WING SPAN:
1,65 m (5.4 ft)
EMPTY WEIGHT:
2,4 Kg (5.2 lbs)
MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF
WEIGHT:
2,8 Kg (6.2 lbs)
FLIGHT RANGE:
15-20 km
FLIGHT AUTONOMY:
60 min
DEPLOY TIME:
2 min
A close-up of the revolutionary device.
17
ZOOM
FIREWORKS
COLORS IN
THE SKY
Fireworks combine light, noise and smoke
into a mix that has delighted millions
around the world for over 1,300 years.
Behind the blast, however, a lot more than
just lighting a wick goes into making this
explosive wonder a visual reality.
T
he first recorded use of fireworks
dates back to the VII century,
when they were first employed to
commemorate special events in Ancient
China. Records from the period show
that they were standard elements during
celebrations, and the development of the
soaring pyrotechnic set the precedent
that would eventually lead to the use of
rockets in warfare. While XI century Arab
traders that acquired this knowledge
from the Far East soon introduced the
technology to Europe, but their use did
not become widespread on the Continent
until the 1700’s, when royals began to
employ them in commemorative events.
While over a thousand years have passed
since fireworks were first invented, the
technology involved remains largely
the same. They may come in different
shapes and sizes, and provoke sparks
in any number of colors, but at their
base they continue to be made out of
paper or pasteboard filled with black
powder and pyrotechnic stars.
18 SHAPING
QUICK MATCH FUSE
TIME DELAY FUSE
Ignites bursting charge once
shell is fired
BURSTING CHARGE
Black powder that releases
stars upon its detonation
STARS
Round chemical pellets which
produce streaks of light, colored
depending on the chemical used
LIFTING CHARGE
Propellant which allows the
firework to “take off”
PAPER or
cardboard CASE
ITALIAN-STYLE DESIGN
CHINESE-STYLE DESIGN
A classic design that is used for
elaborate effects.
Unchanged over the course of centuries, it
produces the familiar, spherical bursts of light.
MAXAM Outdoors, a leading
provider of pyrotechnic products
MAXAM Outdoors produces
a wide variety of products used in
pyrotechnics, ranging from standard
pyrotechnic black powder to specific,
fireworks-related components.
Outdoors´ pyrotechnic black powder
is made to suit whatever your
needs in these sorts of productions.
Products include Carcasa, which
is used for rising effects in four
different grain sizes, and Tipo A, a
soft grain for glow effects. Grano
Nº1 and Nº2 fuse powder with two
compustion speeds, while Polvorín is
standard black powder.
A pyrotechnic display in Spain.
19
deans of drawing and illustration
Eulogio Varela and the ABC Museum
20 SHAPING
A poster for the Exhibition.
The ABC Museum is the sole Spanish museum focused
on these specific artistic disciplines. Eulogio Varela
(1868-1936) was a versatile artist: painter (he painted
a Santa Bárbara for the MAXAM Collection), designer,
illustrator... The Museum celebrates the artist in an
exhibition, on display until this upcoming 22nd of June.
Shaping discusses the ABC
Museum’s history and future plans,
as well as this key figure in Madrid’s
modernist art scene, with its Director,
Inmaculada Corcho, and the
exhbition’s curator, Antonio González.
INMACULADA CORCHO
Director of the ABC Museum
Licensed in Art History, she has worked
as a historian, curator, cultural tourism
promoter and exhibition coordinator
at other institutions prior to becoming
the Director of the ABC Museum of
Drawing and Illustration, a post she has
held since its inauguration in 2007.
What is the origin of the ABC Museum?
The Museum arises from the need to show
the ABC newspaper’s enormous artistic heritage,
previously kept in its considerable archive. A
collection composed of up to 175,000 pieces
and which dates back to May of 1891, when
Torcuato Luca de Tena began publishing the
Blanco y Negro magazine, and which carried
on with the publication of ABC’s first edition
in 1903. The most prestigious artists from each
period contributed original drawings which
were published in both the magazine and the
newspaper, as well as the numerous other
supplements that were edited alongside them.
Drawing and illustration: are these disciplines
typically undervalued by the larger museums, that
are often more focused on painting and sculpture?
While that may have once been the case,
drawing has always been valued in terms of its
being an exercise taken
on as a prior step to
painting, sculpture,
architecture...
Illustration,
meanwhile, has been
considered an applied
art…But with time
everything begins to
fall into its correct
place. The better we
understand these
disciplines, the more
aware we’ll be of their
importance; ignorance
tends to engender
neglect, which is why
it is important to raise
awareness and educate
others about them.
How can museums
attract a new, young audience, more used to dizzying
arrays of images in movement, and not the static
images that remain unchanged between visits?
Today’s museums provide a great amount
of variety; each day, constantly, hundreds of
temporary expositions are underway. The ABC
Museum, for example, doesn’t have a permanent
exhibition. Almost all museums offer a wide g
21
MAXAM FOUNDATION
Eulogio Varela and the ABC Museum
range of activities for all ages, general
visits, themed tours… When a museum
neglects to offer these options it´s
not because it is incapable of doing
so, but rather because it doesn’t have
the resources that allow for such
dynamism. It’s expensive to come up
with and organize interesting prospects
for visitors, much more so than the
public imagines.
is keep offering that sort of marketing
and hope that, with every return visit,
that person will gradually change his or
her habit and start to visit the museum
out of necessity. Marketing is great in
terms of publicizing an exhibition, but
it can’t be misleading –although that
really has more to do with the general
ethics of advertising–.
What about those who attend
temporary exhibitions promoted by
intense marketing operations?
The better we understand these
disciplines, the more aware we’ll be
of their importance; ignorance tends
to engender neglect, which is why it
is important to raise awareness and
educate others about them.
If someone only visits a museum
because of the marketing it has carried
out, the only thing the museum can do
ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ
Exhibition Curator
An Art Historian, he has
extensively researched
Eulogio Varela and published
a paper on his oeuvre in 2005;
he is currently preparing a
doctoral thesis on the artist.
Varela becoming one of the artists
most linked to Blanco y Negro, along
with Méndez Bringa, Díaz Huertas,
Xaudaró, Sancha, etc ...
The Eulogio Varela exposition
focuses on his collaboration with
Blanco y Negro magazine and ABC.
How? was his relationship with
these two publications like?
When the catalogue of his works
was carried out and ordered into
technical listings, some 1,300
works were registered. In the grand
scheme of his intense graphic
work for Prensa Española we
discovered a tremendous variety
of illustrations for texts, as well as
images, decorative drawings and all
sorts of ornamental and composition
models, amongst which one finds
fringes, decorative calligraphy,
capital letter designs, vignettes,
frames, pediments, signs, section
From late 1898 to 1936, Eulogio
Varela very much carried the banner
of cosmopolitanism and modernism
that Torcuato Luca de Tena wanted
to display in his magazine, reflecting
the international, modern styles
featured in European magazines.
That intense collaboration led to
22 SHAPING
Which works by Eulogio Varela have you
found within the ABC Museum’s archives?
22 JANUARY - 22 junE
EUlogio varela modernism AND MODERNITY
ABC MUSEUM
Calle Amaniel, 29 - 31. 28015 - Madrid [Spain].
T: +34 91 758 83 79
http://museo.abc.es/
labels sections that are still in use,
etc… As well as furniture, jewelry,
stained glass and metal design, all of
which are examples of his versatility
and dedication to his craft.
The exhibition focuses on
Eulogio Varela’s role as an artist
and designer, but he was also
a painter to be discovered.
He stood out within the
workshops of some grand masters,
as was a special favorite of Emilio
Sala’s in Madrid. That said, the
excessive conventionalisms in his art
work and a very heightened degree
of academic rigor prevented him
from shining more. Paradoxically,
that same rigor tended to disappear
in his graphic work, in which Varela
always moved more freely.
Still, it must be acknowledges that,
at his essence, he was always a
painter, especially when we take
into account his participation in
the National Fine Arts exhibitions
and his collaborations with Teatro
Español and Madrid’s Casino
together with Martí and Monsó
and Emilio Sala, respectively. Not
to mention the large number of
portraits, sketches and landscapes
that remain in private hands, as well
as those at the privately and at the
Puerto de Santa María Municipal
Museum in Cádiz, works in which
one can see the remarkable attention
paid to the late impressionist style
inherited from Sala, and his taste
for an increasingly decorative
chromatic range.
EULOGIO VARELA IN THE
MAXAM COLLECTION
In 1901 two versions of Santa
Barbara were developed to
illustrate the MAXAM calendar:
one by Arturo Mélida and another
by Eulogio Varela, with the former
ultimately being selected. Today
both works can be seen at the
Collection’s periodic exhibitions.
Learn more about both works,
and read their respective
author’s biographies, at
www.fundacionmaxam.net
Would you relate him with any
contemporary artists?
It is very difficult to link Varela
to any current graphic artist, but
it’s true that his visual language of
loops, hoses and sensual vegetable
undulations, with many stylized
elements, is present in the work
of Francis Vendrame, Liza Paizis’
fantasies or Jesus Zurita’s impossible
vegetation, for example. n
SANTA BÁRBARA. 1901
Watercolor and gouache/paper. 49 x 27 cm
23
HISTORY
SHOTS FIRED
For centuries cannons have been fired in order to
show respect towards nations and individuals, a
tradition which continues even today.
B
e it a way of recognizing a solemn
national holiday, paying tribute to a
visiting dignitary, or announcing an event
of particular notoriety, the tradition of firing
gun salutes has been a hallmark of respectful
ceremony for centuries.
Originating in the XIV century, artillery or
gun salutes reflect the far older tradition of
placing oneself in an unarmed position before
a figure being honored. In the same way that
honor guards will show respect by dropping
the points of their swords, the discharging of a
cannon temporarily leave those who have fired
it vulnerable, ultimately representing their
trust and lack of hostile intent.
From seven to twenty-one
While scholars speculate that the custom
may have arisen from the maritime practice
requiring enemies to expend their ammunition
upon being defeated, instances of the artillery
salute being used to show deference have been
recorded since the renaissance. It is likely that
the tradition arose as warships visited foreign
ports and discharged all of their cannon in
order to show that their guns were empty, and
that they meant no harm.
During this early period, warships fired the
now less-familiar seven-gun salute, likely
due to astrological or Biblical references;
at the time, only seven planets had been
identified, and the Bible listed many important
24 SHAPING
factors relating to this number, ranging from
God’s rest from Creation on the seventh
day, to the seven trumpets of Jericho.
By the XVIII century the seven-gun salute was
soon eclipsed by the 21-gun salute established
by shore batteries. Composed of sodium
nitrate, early gunpowder spoiled very easily at
sea, but land magazines could keep it cool and
dry. Having greater access to gunpowder, and
wider areas upon which to position guns, land
batteries eventually settled upon this number,
although its precise significance is unknown
today. Whatever the reason, with the discovery
of potassium nitrate’s capacity to improve the
quality of gunpowder, ships were also able
to carry large stores of gunpowder, and they,
too, summarily adopted the 21-gun salute.
Gun for gun
For many years, many different countries
had varying regulations on the use of
artillery salutes, often leading to confusion
on the high seas, and in ports around
the world. During its period of imperial
splendor, the United Kingdom compelled
weaker nations to give the first salute as a
sign of deference to a dominant power.
Moreover, for a period of time ships
representing monarchies, and ports belonging
to kingdoms, would automatically receive
a greater number of salutes than those
pertaining to republics. The confusion would g
HISTORY
Confusion over the
number of salutes to be
fired in deference to ships
representing monarchies or
republics eventually lead to
international agreements
on the matter during the
latter half of the XIX century,
which established a ‘gun for
gun’ policy; 21-gun shots
were set as an international
salute to all sovereign states.
25
HISTORY
Shots fired
eventually lead to international
agreements on the matter
during the latter half of the XIX
century, which established a ‘gun
for gun’ policy, with 21-guns
being set as the international
salute to all sovereign states.
(11 November, marking the
anniversary of the end of World
War I). Denmark, meanwhile,
largely limits this salute to
members of its Royal Family, and
keeps permanent salutary guns
in designated places in order
to issue these recognitions.
Shots for all seasons
Despite the attempts a homologation, variations still exist at a
global level. While almost all countries will recognize head of states
with the 21-gun salutes, some also
use it to honor other figures, or to
commemorate national events.
Many other kinds of gun salutes
exist, however. Recently, the UK
recognized the birth of Prince
George of Cambridge, third in
line to succeed Queen Elizabeth
II, with 41-gun salute to mark
the arrival of a future king.
Meanwhile, many countries
reserve a more reduced number of
shots for people of varying rank;
in the United States, 19 may be
issued to recognize a Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court, while
seven are reserved for consular
agents of foreign states. n
Bangladesh, for example, will
issue this salute to recognize
martyrs (members of the armed
forces or civilians killed in
action), while Canada discharges
its cannons the same number
of times on Remembrance Day
ARTILLERY SALUTES AROUND THE WORLD
While the honorary custom is practiced around
the world, the number of shots fired often vary
according to local customs and particular ranks.
Different artillery pieces used to fire gun
salutes around the world.
EXPAL produces shots for
artillery salutes. This select
product consists of black
powder contained within a
shot shell topped with a cap,
and is generally provided
for 105 mm caliber units.
26 SHAPING
Shots fired Reason / Country
62
The Queen’s Official Birthday (UK)
42
Birth of an heir to the throne (Sweden, UK)
21
National or visiting Heads of State (Global)
Independence / National Holidays
(Pakistan, Singapore, India, USA)
19
Prime Ministers, Field Marshalls,
Ambassadors (Sweden, UK, USA)
Vice Presidents, State Governors, the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, Five-Star
Generals (USA)
7
Consuls (USA)
MORE...
NOBEL PEACE CENTER
Oslo, Norway
‘NOBEL’
DIVERSIONS
Get to know MAXAM’s founder, Alfred
Nobel, with visits to some of the museums
that commemorate his life and times.
Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel was
undoubtedly a man ahead of his time.
During his lifetime he revolutionized
the world by inventing –amongst other
numerous products–dynamite and founding
companies like MAXAM, established in
1872 in Galdácano (Bilbao, Spain).
Posthumously, he guaranteed that his
good works would continue via the Nobel
Prizes, funded with the extensive fortune he
left behind and used to recognize those
who have “conferred the greatest benefit
on mankind” each year. Given the lasting
impact of his many efforts, it’s no
surprise that numerous institutions
commemorate his figure; get
to know Nobel better by
visiting the wide variety of
museums that review
his life and times.
Part of the Nobel Foundation’s network, the
Center focuses on the Nobel Peace Prize
and its ideals, telling the story of Alfred
Nobel and the winners of the prize via
multimedia exhibitions, live debates, theatre
events, concerts and conferences.
Brynjulf Bulls plass 1, 0250 Oslo
+47 483 01 000
www.nobelpeacecenter.org
NOBEL INSTITUTE
Oslo, Norway
Founded in 1901 for the purpose of assisting
the Nobel Committee in selecting each year’s
winners in accordance with Alfred Nobel’s will, the
institute is the heart of the Swedish philanthropist’s
posthumous work, and the site of the Nobel
Symposia, a series of meetings, lectures and
seminars relating to peace and conflicts.
Henrik Ibsens gate 51, 0255 Oslo
+47 22 12 93 00
www.nobelpeaceprize.org
NOBEL MUSEUM
Stockholm, Sweden
Familiarize yourself with the life of the Swedish genius
with a visit to his hometown. Located within the
former Stock Exchange Building, this museum focuses
on the natural sciences and the world of ideas.
Stortorget 2, 10316 Stockholm
+46 8 534 818 00
www.nobelmuseum.se
NOBEL MUSEUM KARLSKOGA
Karlskoga, Sweden
Bilbao
Björkborn Manor was Nobel’s summer home
during the final years of his life. Tour the facilities,
maintained as they were back in 1895, in order to
peruse his personal library and see much of the
original equipment once housed in the inventor’s labs.
Björkbornsvägen 10, 69133 Karlskoga
+ 46 0 586 834 94
www.nobelmuseetikarlskoga.se
27
Experience and technology
for sustainable development
Mining development and infrastructure construction, economic
activity driven by hunting, well-equipped security forces and
peacekeeping missions… MAXAM is a committed partner, determined
to achieve the best possible results. The objective: society’s wellbeing and the growth of the countries in which we operate.
Since its foundation by Alfred Nobel 140 years ago, MAXAM
has been at the source of the very best in the world that
surrounds us, working through sustainable development to
achieve the progress and growth of all who live within it.
Shaping the world you live in
Civil Explosives · Outdoors · Defence · Chem · Energy
www.maxam.net