Letters to Grandpa for Italian Speakers
Transcript
Letters to Grandpa for Italian Speakers
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. My alphabet my abc’s.................................................................................................................... 7 2. Vocabulary..................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Nouns.............................................................................................................................................. 14 4. Descriptive Adjectives .................................................................................................................. 24 5. Mini review : the alphabet ............................................................................................................ 32 6. Verb : To Have .............................................................................................................................. 34 7. Verb : To Be................................................................................................................................... 40 8. Demonstrative Adjectives ........................................................................................................... 46 9. Let’s count... 1 to 20...................................................................................................................... 51 10. Numbers - Addition.................................................................................................................... 56 11. Interlude : Home on the Range................................................................................................. 61 12. Interrogative Adjectives.............................................................................................................. 63 13. Days, Weeks and Seasons........................................................................................................... 70 14. Poetry: O, My Love is Like a Red Red Rose ........................................................................... 74 15. Grandpa said ... ............................................................................................................................ 83 16. Grammar Review 1 .................................................................................................................. 84 17. SPELL CHECK : My room ...................................................................................................... 90 18. Possessive Adjectives .................................................................................................................. 94 19. Descriptive and Determining Adjectives ............................................................................... 101 20. Reading : The Jungle Book ..................................................................................................... 108 21. Analysis: The Parts of Speech.................................................................................................. 116 22. Let’s count... 11 to 100 ............................................................................................................. 120 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 23. SPELL CHECK : The Kitchen............................................................................................... 125 24. Grammar Review 2 ................................................................................................................... 128 25. Indefinite Adjectives ................................................................................................................. 136 26. Reading : The Jungle Book ..................................................................................................... 140 27. Numbers - Multiplication......................................................................................................... 156 28. Numeral Adjectives ................................................................................................................... 162 29. Ordinal Numbers : 1 to 40....................................................................................................... 172 30. SPELL CHECK : The Bathroom ....................................................................................... 176 31. Numbers – More Multiplication ............................................................................................. 179 32. Interlude: Johann Sebastian Bach ...........................................................................................182 33. Readings : Aesop’s Fables ........................................................................................................ 185 34. Pronouns : Classification.......................................................................................................... 193 35. Determining Pronouns 5.......................................................................................................... 197 36. Let’s count... 41 to 1,000,000................................................................................................... 211 37. Grammar Review 3 ................................................................................................................... 218 38. Poetry : My Shadow .................................................................................................................. 225 39. Numbers – More Multiplication ............................................................................................. 243 40. More Determining Pronouns ..................................................................................................248 41. SPELL CHECK : Grandpa’s Garden .................................................................................... 255 42. Reading: Jules Verne ................................................................................................................. 265 43. Personal Pronouns .................................................................................................................... 270 44. Relative Pronouns ..................................................................................................................... 284 45. SPELL CHECK : Fishing ........................................................................................................ 297 46. Prepositions................................................................................................................................ 301 47. Conjunctions .............................................................................................................................. 310 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 5 48. INTERJECTIONS Esclamazioni ........................................................................................ 326 49. Adverbs ....................................................................................................................................... 328 50. Reading: Oliver Twist ............................................................................................................... 341 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4........................................................................................................ 345 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 6 LETTERS TO GRANDPA LETTERS TO GRANDPA My letter to Grandpa, La mia lettera al nonno, Dear Grandpa, Caro nonno, You know, Grandpa, I like the book you sent me. Sai nonno, mi piace il libro che mi hai spedito. Today I learned something in a beautiful story Mom read to me. Oggi ho imparato una cosa in una bella storia che la mamma mi ha letto. Tell Grandma I love her too. Di’ alla nonna che anch’io le voglio bene. Me io LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 1. MY ALPHABET MY ABC’S PAGE 7 1. MY ALPHABET MY ABC’S Il mio alfabeto il mio abecedario When you speak or write, you use words. Quando si parla o si scrive si usano parole. Mother is a word. Mother è una parola. Father is a word. Father è una parola. When you write a word, you use letters. Quando si scrive una parola,si usano lettere. For the word MOTHER, there are six letters. La parola Mother, ha sei lettere. For the word FATHER, there are six letters. La parola FATHER, ha sei lettere. Let’s count on your hand: Contiamole sulla mano: LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 8 1. MY ALPHABET MY ABC’S MOTHER M one, 0 two, T three, H four, E five and one more, on my thumb, R six. MOTHER M uno, O due, T tre , H quattro, E cinque è l’ultima sul mio pollice R sei. Let’s do it one more time with FATHER: Facciamolo ora con FATHER: F one, A two, T three, H four, E five and one more, on my thumb, R six. F uno, A due, T tre , H quattro, E cinque e l’ultima sul mio pollice, R sei. I know my alphabet… Grandpa! So il mio alfabeto… nonno! There are 26 letters in the Alphabet. Let me say them for you: Ci sono 26 lettere nell’alfabeto. Lascia che te le dica: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 1. MY ALPHABET MY ABC’S PAGE 9 My 26 letters Le mie 26 lettere a is for animal a come animal b is for beautiful b come beautiful c is for cat c come cat d is for dad d come dad e is for elephant e come elephant f is for fairy f come fairy g is for gargle g come gargle h is for habit h come habit i is for ice i come ice j is for joy j come joy k is for kitten k come kitten l is for lion l come lion m is for mother m come mother n is for nest n come nest o is for owl o come owl p is for pizza p come pizza q is for quilt q come quilt r is for rest r come rest s is for salad s come salad t is for tent t come tent LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 10 1. MY u is for umbrella u come umbrella v is for violin v come violin w is for water w come water x is for xylophone x come violin y is for yule y come yule z is for zebra z come zebra ALPHABET MY ABC’S LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 2. VOCABULARY PAGE 11 2. VOCABULARY I can write too… Posso anche scriverle... a an animal __________________________ b a beautiful animal __________________________ c a cat __________________________ d a dad __________________________ e an elephant __________________________ f a fairy __________________________ g a gargle __________________________ h a habit __________________________ i the ice __________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 12 2. VOCABULARY j the joy __________________________ k the kitten __________________________ l the lion __________________________ m the mother __________________________ n the nest __________________________ o the owl __________________________ p a pizza __________________________ q a quilt __________________________ r a rest __________________________ s a salad __________________________ r the rest __________________________ t a tent __________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 2. VOCABULARY PAGE 13 u an umbrella __________________________ v a violin __________________________ w the water __________________________ x the xylophone __________________________ y the yule __________________________ z the zebra __________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 14 3. NOUNS 3. NOUNS When you speak and when you write, you use a lot of WORDS. Quando si parla e quando si scrive, si usano molte PAROLE. Mother is a word Mother è una parola Dad is a word Dad è una parola Grandpa is a word Grandpa è una parola Grandma is a word Grandma è una parola I have a beautiful mother. Ho una mamma molto bella. I is a word I è una parola have is a word have è una parola a is a word a è una parola beautiful is a word beautiful è una parola mother is a word mother è una parola How many words? Quante sono le parole? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 3. NOUNS PAGE 15 Let me count I (1) have (2) a (3) beautiful (4) mother (5)… FIVE WORDS! Lasciamele contare I (1) have (2) a (3) beautiful (4) mother (5)… FIVE WORDS! CINQUE PAROLE!. I have a beautiful mother. has 5 WORDS. I have a beautiful mother. ha 5 PAROLE. Let me recopy: Lasciamele ricopiare I have a beautiful mother. __________________________ I am fantastic, Grandpa ! Can you tell Grandma? Sono bravo nonno! Lo puoi dire alla nonna? Today is … I forgot…. Ask Mom ! Oggi è...Mi sono dimenticato....chiedilo alla mamma. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 16 TODAY IS TODAY IS For you, Grandma…. because I love you! Per te nonna... perchè ti voglio bene! Dear Grandma, Cara nonna, Grandpa told me ... if I know a lot of words, I will have a good vocabulary. Il nonno mi ha detto… che se conosco molte parole, avrò un buon vocabolario. Here are the new words I can write, Grandma. Ecco le nuove parole che io posso scrivere, nonna. They are for you. Sono per te. I love you, Grandma. Ti voglio bene, nonna. me Don’t forget to give Grandpa a kiss . from me! Non dimenticarti di dare un bacio al nonno... da parte mia! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD . TODAY IS PAGE 17 My Vocabulary for Grandma Mio Vocabolario per la Nonna father uncle brother cousin ______________________________________________ mother aunt sister cousin ______________________________________________ grandfather nephew son brother-in-law ______________________________________________ grandmother niece daughter sister-in-law ______________________________________________ Let me repeat to you, Grandma, because you didn’t hear and I will write them for you ! Te lo ripeto, nonna, perchè non mi hai sentito adesso te lo scrivo! I have a mother. ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 18 TODAY IS I have a father. __________________________________ I have a brother. _____________________________ I have a sister. ___________________________________ I have a grandfather. ___________________________________ I have a grandmother. ___________________________________ I have an uncle. ___________________________________ I have an aunt. ___________________________________ I have four cousins. ___________________________________ My mother has a brother-in-law. ___________________________________ My father has a sister-in-law. ___________________________________ They have three beautiful children: ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 19 My sister Lucy ___________________________________ My brother Harry ___________________________________ And Me ___________________________________ Dear Grandma, Cara Nonna, You know what? Today I learned something new! Sai? Oggi ho imparato una cosa nuova! I KNOW WHAT A NOUN IS. Già so cos’è un sostantivo. I know there are: So che ci sono: nouns that are names of persons, sostantivi che sono nomi di persone, nouns that are names of animals, sostantivi che sono nomi di animali, nouns that are names of things. sostantivi che sono nomi di cose. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 20 TODAY IS I am going to give two nouns that name persons Adesso farò l’esempio di due sostantivi che sono nomi di persone the postmaster the doctor two nouns that name animals due sostantivi che sono nomi di animali the cat the bird two nouns that name things due sostantivi che sono nomi di cose the table the bed Grandma, I am sending you a letter. I have to know so many things! Nonna,ti spedisco una lettera. Devo sapere tante cose! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 21 TODAY IS HOMEWORK FROM ME I MIEI COMPITI On the line after each noun, write whether it is:( person, animal or thing). Sulla linea dopo ogni sostantivo, scrivi se è: (persona,animale o cosa). Examples: Esempi: horse piano teacher animal thing person cow __________________________ garden __________________________ paper __________________________ farmer __________________________ pupil __________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 22 TODAY IS school __________________________ deer __________________________ spider __________________________ telephone __________________________ bed __________________________ sister __________________________ rabbit __________________________ brother __________________________ mouse __________________________ fireman __________________________ dog __________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 23 store __________________________ nurse __________________________ car __________________________ pen __________________________ father __________________________ chair __________________________ toy __________________________ bear __________________________ singer __________________________ Grandma, I know a lot of nouns now! Nonna, adesso conosco molti sostantivi! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 24 4. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES 4. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES Please, help me … I forgot! Per favore, aiutami...mi sono dimenticato! Dear Mom, Cara mamma, Guess what…. I was with Grandpa yesterday and He told me I was a good boy…. He asked me if I knew what good was. I said yes because Grandma always tells me: “ Be good to your dad and your mom.” Indovina...stavo con il nonno ieri e mi ha detto che sono un bravo ragazzo. ...Mi ha chiesto se sapevo il significato di “good”(bravo)..Ho detto sì perchè la nonna mi dice sempre:”Devi essere bravo con il papà e la mamma”. good is an adjective ! good è un aggettivo! Then he added,… it is a “descriptive adjective.”… Dopo aggiunse… è un “descriptive adjective” (aggettivo qualificativo). Then he said,… my child, you know a lot of “descriptive adjectives.” Poi ha detto,… figlio mio,tu sai molti “descriptive adjectives” (aggettivi qualificativi). I tried to repeat descriptive adjective but it was very hard for me. Then I said: “Grandpa, can I simply say “ adjective”? Ho provato a ripetere “descriptive adjective” però era molto difficile per me. Poi ho detto:”Nonno, posso dire semplicemente “adjective”? Grandpa said “ No, no, no, no, no….” Il nonno disse “ No, no, no, no, no…” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 4. DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES PAGE 25 So I repeated “descriptive adjective” one hundred times. It ‘s not true, Mom, but I wanted to impress you because I can count up to ……one hundred all by myself. Allora ho ripetuto “descriptive adjective” cento volte. Non è vero mamma, l’ho fatto per fare bella figura perchè so contare fino a.... cento tutto da solo. Now I have to do my homework. Just like you, Mom, I have so much work. Work is never done! Adesso devo fare i miei compiti. Ho tanto lavoro come te, mamma. Il lavoro non finisce mai! But I’m good. I am very good. I’ll get there! Però io sono bravo. Sono molto bravo! Ce la farò! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 26 TODAY IS TODAY IS MY HOMEWORK FOR GRANDPA AND GRANDMA EXERCISE Underline all the descriptive adjectives: Sottolinea tutti gli aggettivi qualificativi: Example: My little sister has a bad cold. She is very brave because she has to take yucky cough syrup made with squashed black toads, boiled monkey tails and a spoonful of green and bitter dandelion leaves! It’s a magic potion. “It’s very good for your bad cold”, I tell her. Esempio: La mia sorellina ha un brutto raffreddore. Lei è molto coraggiosa perchè deve prendere uno sciroppo cattivo fatto con rospo nero schiacciato, coda di scimmia bollita e un cucchiaio di foglie di dente di leone verde e amaro! È una pozione magica. “Fa molto bene per il tuo brutto raffreddore,” le dico. I like spring because the cold weather goes away. Nights are cool but days become warm. I no longer have to wear my heavy coat, my long scarf or my yellow mittens and my nose is no longer red. After spring, comes my favorite season, summer. Then, I wear my blue bathing suit and we go to a beautiful beach with Dad, Mom, my little brother and my big sister. The beach has white sand, interesting seashells and after a long, sunny day, Dad cooks my favorite meal, delicious hotdogs, on the barbecue. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 27 Mi piace la primavera perchè il tempo freddo se ne va. Le notti sono fresche ma i giorni sono miti. Non ho più bisogno di mettere il cappotto pesante, la mia sciarpa lunga o i miei guanti gialli e il mio naso non è più rosso. Dopo la primavera, arriva la mia stagione preferita, l’estate. Allora,mi metto il costume da bagno, azzurro, e andiamo in una bella spiaggia con il papà,la mamma,il mio fratellino e la mia sorella maggiore. La spiaggia ha la sabbia bianca con conchiglie particolari, e dopo una giornata lunga, piena di sole, papà cucina il mio piatto preferito,deliziosi hotdogs sul barbecue. CORRECTED EXERCISE Esercizio Corretto I like spring because the cold weather goes away. Nights are cool but days become warm. I no longer have to wear my heavy coat, my long scarf or my yellow mittens and my nose is no longer red. After spring, comes my favorite season, summer. Then, I wear my blue bathing suit and we go to a beautiful beach with Dad, Mom, my little brother and my big sister. The beach has white sand, interesting seashells and after a long, sunny day, Dad cooks my favorite meal, delicious hotdogs, on the barbecue. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 28 TODAY IS TODAY IS My grandma said: “Now you have to remember certain things because you want to be good in class, you want to be the best and you want to be happy… and you want to make your parents and your grandparents very proud….” Mia nonna ha detto: “Adesso ti devi ricordare certe cose, perchè devi comportarti bene in classe,devi essere il migliore e devi essere felice…e devi far si che i tuoi genitori e i tuoi nonni siano orgogliosi di te…” CAN YOU REMEMBER WHAT A DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE IS? Ti ricordi cos’è un aggettivo qualificativo? It is a word used with a noun and this word modifies the noun. È una parola usata con un sostantivo e questa parola modifica il sostantivo. To modify means to make somewhat different. It means to change. Modificare vuol dire fare qualcosa in modo un po’ diverso.Vuol dire cambiare. Can you see the difference? Riesci a capire la differenza? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 29 If I say: John has a book. Se io dico: “ “ (1) “ “ and John has a beautiful book. e “ “ or “ “ (2) “ o John has a very beautiful, large, red book. (3) WHAT ARE THE CHANGES? Che cosa è cambiato? John has a book. The book John has is beautiful. The book John has is very beautiful large and e red. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 30 TODAY IS TODAY IS Grandma, I’am writing to you to show you all the descriptive adjectives I know. Nonna, ti scrivo per farti vedere tutti gli aggettivi qualificativi che conosco. MY HOMEWORK Rewrite the following sentences and underline the adjectives. Write neatly! Riscrivi le seguenti frasi e sottolinea gli aggettivi. Scrivi facendo molta attenzione! 1. The giraffe has a long neck. __________________________ 2. The sky is blue. __________________________ 3. The sun is bright. __________________________ 4. Clouds are white. __________________________ 5. Water is clear. __________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 31 6. Lions and tigers are ferocious animals. __________________________ 7. Young children are sometimes too active. __________________________ 8. Old people have beautiful faces. __________________________ 9. The white bear lives in very cold regions. __________________________ 10. Dogs are faithful and loving animals. __________________________ CORRECTED EXERCISE 1.The giraffe has a long neck. 2. The sky is blue. 3. The sun is bright. 4. Clouds are white. 5. Water is clear. 6. Lions and tigers are ferocious animals. 7. Young children are sometimes too active. 8. Old people have beautiful faces. 9. The white bear lives in very cold regions. 10. Dogs are faithful and loving animals. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 32 5. MINI REVIEW : THE ALPHABET 5. MINI REVIEW : THE ALPHABET Piccolo ripasso: l’alfabeto I have already learned so many things. I like that stuff my grandpa, grandma, dad and mom call Grammar. It’s neat! But Dad says I Am too impatient. I am impatient because it’s fun. Adults say interesting or fascinating. By the way, I like that word fascinating too. Do you want me to spell it? Ho già imparato tanto. Mi piace quella cosa che mio nonno, nonna, papà e mamma chiamano grammatica. È bello! Ma papà dice che sono troppo impaziente. Sono impaziente perchè è divertente. Gli adulti dicono interessante o affascinante. A proposito, anche a me piace la parola affascinante.Te la devo scrivere? fascinating f, a, s, s, i, n, a, t, i, n, g…. ?? ! “You made a BIG MISTAKE!” Hai fatto un grande errore!” I know, Mom, I know … I just wanted to see if you could spell fascinating! It’s… Lo so mamma,lo so.. volevo solo vedere se sapevi scrivere fascinating! f a s c i n a t i n g. Do you still remember your alphabet? YES! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 5. MINI REVIEW : THE ALPHABET PAGE 33 Ti ricordi ancora l’alfabeto? SÌ ! a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z “Good, very good! You deserve a reward!” my mom said. Then she gave me a big kiss and squeezed me tight! “Bravo,bravissimo! Meriti un premio!” ha detto la mamma. Poi mi ha dato un bacio e mi ha stretto forte. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 34 6. VERB : TO HAVE 6. VERB : TO HAVE Dear Grandpa, Caro nonno, I. Mom taught me something new today: a verb, the verb to have. Oggi la mamma mi ha insegnato una cosa nuova: un verbo, il verbo to have . Mom said: I have a good child. La mamma ha detto: Io ho un buon figlio. you have a good Dad. tu hai un buon papà. your little brother, he has a good dad too. il tuo fratellino, anche lui ha un buon papà. Your big sister, she has a handsome brother. la tua sorella maggiore, lei ha un fratello bello. your dog, it has a good family. il tuo cane, esso ha una buona famiglia. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 6. VERB : TO HAVE PAGE 35 all of us, we have good parents. tutti noi, noi abbiamo buoni genitori. all of you, you have fascinating parents. tutti voi, voi avete genitori affascinanti. your friends, they have fantastic parents. I vostri amici, loro hanno genitori fantastici. NOW I CAN CONJUGATE THE VERB TO HAVE. Adesso posso coniugare il verbo to have . Do you want me to send it to you, Grandpa? Don’t forget to show it to Grandma. Vuoi che te lo spedisco, nonno? Non dimenticare di farlo vedere alla nonna. 1. I have _________ One person = singular 2. you have _________ Una persona= singolare 3. he has, she has, it has _________ several people = plural 1. we have _________ più persone = plurale 2. you have _________ 3. they have _________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 36 TODAY IS TODAY IS Let me sing the verb to have ! Lasciami cantare il verbo to have! I have, you have, she has, he has, it has, we have, you have, they have … Did you recognize the tune? … It’s like a, b, c, d, e, f, g, Hai riconosciuto la canzone? ... È come a,b,c,d,e,f,g, ... and Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star. e Twinkle,Twinkle Little Star. Then Grandma said: “Do you know who composed the music?” Poi la nonna ha detto: “Sai chi ha composto la musica?” I looked at my Grandma… and with a beautiful smile, she said: Ho guardato la mia nonna .... e con un bel sorriso lei ha detto: It is a French Folk Tune « Ah!Vous dirais-je maman! » * Ah! If I were to tell you, “È una canzone folcloristica francese” Mom! which became famous because of… che diventò famosa dovuto a... LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 37 MOZART Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756-1791 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 38 TODAY IS Today is Grandpa… Can you help me? I have to do an exercise. Nonno….Mi puoi aiutare? Devo fare un esercizio. Complete by using the proper person of the verb To have : Completa usando la forma corretta del verbo To have: 1. I _____ two brothers and a baby sister. 2. My big brother ______ a mountain bike. 3. My little brother ______ a pair of roller skates. 4. My two brothers ______ chores to do in the yard. 5. My baby sister ______ a teddy bear. 6. In my family, we ______ one dog, two cats, a parrot and a hamster. 7. These animals ______ no babies yet. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 39 8. I forgot one thing. My baby sister also______ a wooly lamb. 9. My dad always says: “You _____ too many toys.” 10. Then, my mom adds: “You ______ to think of the children who ______ no toys.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 40 7. VERB : TO BE 7. VERB : TO BE Grandma, you know what Mom said: Nonna,sai cosa ha detto la mamma? “If you know the verb to have, it’s easy to learn the verb To Be.” “Se conosci il verbo to have, è facile imparare il verbo to be.” “Your mom is right…. Moms are always right. You are right too because you are my grandchild…. I am right because I am your beloved grandma. Your dad is right because he is your dad. WE are right because … WE LOVE YOU! YOU are right because… YOU LOVE US!” You see… Vedi … How easy it is to learn a new verb! Com’è facile imparare un verbo nuovo! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 7. VERB : TO BE PAGE 41 NOW I CAN CONJUGATE THE VERB TO BE Adesso posso coniugare il verbo to be. THE VERB TO BE Il verbo to be Do you want me to give it to Grandpa? Don’t forget to show it to your mom. Vuoi che io lo dia al nonno? Non dimenticare di farlo vedere alla mamma. One person = singular Several people = plural 1. I am _________ 2. you are _________ 3. he is, she is, it is _________ 1. we are _________ 2. you _________ 3. they _________ I have to do an exercise but you don’t have to help me, Grandma, because I know how. Mom showed me. She said to me: “ you are good, very good.” … I know I’m good because my baby sister cannot do it yet. Devo fare un esercizio, ma non mi devi aiutare nonna, perchè so come farlo. La mamma mi ha insegnato. Mi ha detto: tu sei bravo,molto bravo.”... So che sono bravo perchè la mia sorellina ancora non riesce a farlo. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 42 TODAY IS TODAY IS COMPLETE BY USING THE PROPER PERSON OF THE VERB TO BE: Completa usando la forma corretta del verbo To be : Example : Completa seguendo il modello: My book ______ easy. / My book is easy. 1. My baby sister ______ eight months old. 2. My parents ______very young and it ____ a pleasure to play with them. 3. Today ____ a beautiful day: Mom and Dad _____on vacation and _____going to take us to the beach. 4. I _____ home because I have a cold: my fever _____high and Mom _____ worried. 5. We ______ six in my family: Mom, Dad, my baby sister, my big brother and me. 6. But that _____ only five. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 43 7. “Yes! Because our dog _____ number six, Blockhead,” Lucy would have said to Charlie Brown. 8. Lucy ____ a little pest but she ____ fond of Charlie Brown, according to Mom. He ____ so nonchalant sometimes. 9. They ____ a good pair. 10. “You ____ good kids,” my mother always says and you say:“You____right.” I know I ____ right. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 44 TODAY IS TODAY IS Homework: to be read two times. leggere due volte. Guess what? Indovina? This morning, I woke up with a terrible headache and one of those bad sore throats. Mom said: “Drink this glass of orange juice and take these two baby aspirin. I’ll be right back with a story book.” Mom came back with two of those books I know by heart. These books are on the second shelf of my little cabinet. Both are fairy tales. The first one was written by two brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen. First, Mom took two of those large pillows from that big closet in the hall and propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time…” and I don’t remember the rest of that story because I fell asleep. Stamattina, mi sono svegliato con un forte mal di testa e con uno di quei dolorosi mal di gola. La mamma ha detto:”Bevi questo succo d’arancia e prendi queste due aspirine. Torno subito con un libro di racconti.” La mamma è tornata con due di quei libri che so a memoria. Questi libri sono sul secondo scaffale del mio piccolo armadietto.Tutte e due sono favole. Il primo è stato scritto da due fratelli, Jakob e Wilhelm Grimm.Il secondo è stato scritto da Hans Christian Andersen. Innanzitutto, la mamma ha preso due di quei cuscini grossi da quell’ armadio grande nel corridoio e mi ha appoggiato su di essi. Poi la mamma cominciò:” C’era una volta...e non mi ricordo il resto del racconto perchè mi sono addormentato. PS: Sh, sh for you alone, Grandpa… you can read these books to Grandma too. Remember, they are on the second shelf of that cabinet in my room. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 45 P.S. Sh,sh solo per te nonno…puoi leggere questi libri anche alla nonna. Ricordati che sono nel secondo scaffale di quell ’armadietto, nella mia stanza. Tales by Hans Christian Andersen Racconti di Hans Christian Andersen 1805-1875 1805-1875 Tales by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm Racconti di Jakob e Wilhelm Grimm Jakob 1785-1863 Wilhelm 1786-1869 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 46 8. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES 8. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES Dear Grandma and Grandpa, Yesterday, I had a bad cold and I stayed in bed. I learned something new with Mom. Mom said: “If you pay attention, I will show you how to recognize a new type of Adjective.” They are the demonstrative adjectives. She said: “Remember.. a demonstrative adjective needs a noun!” Then she said: “There are four demonstrative adjectives. They are called demonstrative because they point out a noun.” Ieri avevo un brutto raffreddore e sono rimasto a letto. Ho imparato una cosa nuova dalla mamma. La mamma ha detto: ”Se fai attenzione, ti insegno come riconoscere un nuovo tipo di aggettivo.” Si chiamano aggettivi dimostrativi. Lei ha detto: “Ricordati ....un aggettivo dimostrativo ha bisogno di un sostantivo!” Poi ha detto: “Ci sono quattro aggettivi dimostrativi. Sono chiamati dimostrativi perchè indicano il sostantivo.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 8. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES PAGE 47 THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES 2 for the singular this and that + a NOUN 2 for the the plural these and those ___________________________________ 2 per il singolare this and that + un SOSTANTIVO 2 per il plurale these and those ___________________________________ Examples: I like this book but I prefer that story These books are big. Those stories are short. I will have to learn how to recognize them but it’s easy. I will show you, Grandma and Grandpa. I know some tricks…. Dovrò imparare a riconoscerli ma è facile. Ti faccio vedere, nonno, e anche a te, nonna. Conosco alcuni trucchi.... LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 48 TODAY IS TODAY IS HOMEWORK: Read this passage and underline the demonstrative adjectives. Leggi questo paragrafo e sottolinea gli aggettivi dimostrativi. Example: This morning… This morning... This morning, I woke up with a terrible headache and one of those bad sore throats. Mom said: “Drink this glass of orange juice and take these two baby aspirin. I’ll be right back with a story book.” Mom came back with two of those books I know by heart. These books are on the second shelf of my little cabinet. Both are fairy tales. The first one was written by two brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen. First, Mom took two of those large pillows from that big closet in the hall and propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time…” and I don’t remember the rest of that story because I fell asleep. … more to come … continua Grandpa… Do you want me to show you where the nouns are? Then you can tell Grandma. I will write d.a.for the demonstrative adjectives and n. for the nouns. I’ll show you how to do it. Nonno...vuoi che ti faccia vedere dove sono i sostantivi? Dopo puoi dirlo alla nonna. Scriverò D.A. per aggettivi dimostrativi e N. per sostantivi. Ti faccio vedere come si fa. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 49 TODAY IS HOMEWORK: Write n below each underlined noun and d a below each demonstrative adjective. Scrivi n sotto ogni sostantivo e d a sotto ogni aggettivo dimostrativo. This morning, I woke up with a terrible headache and one of those bad sore throats. Mom said: “Drink this glass of orange juice and take these two baby aspirin. I’ll be right back with a storybook.” Mom came back with two of those books I know by heart. These books are on the second shelf of my little cabinet. Both are fairy tales. The first one was written by two brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen. First, Mom took two of those large pillows from that big closet in the hall and propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time and I don’t remember the rest of that story because I fell asleep. Don’t look before you finish the exercise yourself. Non guardare le risposte sotto finchè non hai finito l’esercizio da solo. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 50 TODAY IS CORRECTED EXERCISE This morning, I woke up with a terrible headache and one of those bad sore throats. da n n da n Mom said: “Drink this glass of orange juice and take these two baby aspirin. I’ll be n da n n da n right back with a storybook.” n Mom came back with two of those books I know by heart. These books are on the n da n n da n second shelf of my little cabinet. Both are fairy tales. The first one was written by two n n n brothers, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The second one is by Hans Christian Andersen. n n n n First, Mom took two of those large pillows from that big closet in the hall and n da n da n n propped me up. Then Mom started: “Once upon a time and I don’t remember the n n rest of that story because I fell asleep. n da n LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20 PAGE 51 9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20 Grandpa, Do you remember, Grandpa, when I told Mom that I had repeated “descriptive adjective” one hundred times...? Ti ricordi, nonno, quando ho detto alla mamma che avevo ripetuto “descriptive adjective” cento volte…? Well… It was not really true but I wanted to impress my Mom who always says, “ If I told you once, I told you a hundred times… wipe your feet before you come into the house.” Is a hundred times more than my ten fingers? Beh..non era vero, però volevo fare bella figura con la mamma che mi dice sempre, “Se te l’ho detto una volta, te l’ho detto cento volte... pulisci le scarpe prima di entrare in casa.” Cento volte sono più delle mie dieci dita? “Of course,” said Grandpa…. “Certo,” ha detto il nonno…. I repeated everything to Grandma because she always wants to know. First Grandpa said: “You have two hands and ten fingers. Ho ripetuto tutto alla nonna perchè lei vuole sempre sapere. Prima il nonno ha detto: Tu hai due mani e dieci dita. You have two legs. Tu hai due gambe You have two feet and ten toes. Tu hai due piedi e dieci dita dei piedi. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 52 9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20 You have two arms, two shoulders Hai due braccia, due spalle. You have two ears, two eyes.. Hai due orecchie, due occhi. but you only have ONE HEAD.” però hai solo UNA TESTA.” Let me count everything and I will write it all down because I want to impress my Mom … and Dad too. I’ll use my fingers first and I will repeat each number three times: Lasciami contare tutto e poi lo scriverò perchè voglio fare bella figura con la mamma... e anche con papà. Prima di tutto userò le mie dita e poi ripeterò ogni numero tre volte: WRITE 1. one __________________ 2. two __________________ 3. three __________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20 PAGE 53 4. four __________________ 5. five __________________ 6. six __________________ 7. seven __________________ 8. eight _____ _____________ 9. nine __________________ 10. ten __________________ Once you know them, the rest is easy. Let’s count…. Una volta che li sai, il resto è facile. Contiamo.... Eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen and TWENTY: WRITE 11. eleven __________________ 12. twelve __________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 54 9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20 13. thirteen __________________ 4. fourteen __________________ 15. fifteen __________________ 16. sixteen __________________ 17. seventeen __________________ 18. eighteen __________________ 19. nineteen __________________ 20. TWENTY __________________ I think that’s enough for today Grandpa because I only have ten fingers, ten toes and one head. Io penso che questo può bastare per oggi, nonno, perchè ho solo dieci dita, dieci dita dei piedi e una testa. “Do you remember what Lucy said to Charlie Brown?” asked Grandpa … “You can do it, Charlie Brown!” “Ti ricordi cosa disse Lucy a Charlie Brown?” chiese il nonno... “ce la puoi fare, Charlie Brown!” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 9. LET’S COUNT... 1 TO 20 PAGE 55 I know Charlie Brown. All my Charlie Brown books are numbers three, four, five and six on the third shelf of my little cabinet. Io conosco Charlie Brown.Tutti i miei libri di Charlie Brown sono numerati tre, quattro, cinque e sei e si trovano sul terzo scaffale del mio piccolo armadietto. sh, sh, sh…. Sh, sh, sh… For my playmates who might have forgotten, here are the Charlie Brown books my Dad likes best: Per i miei compagni di giochi che forse si sono dimenticati, ecco i libri di Charlie Brown che piacciono di più a mio papà : Charles M. Schultz. Peanuts Snoopy Go Fly a Kite, Charlie Brown You Can Do It, Charlie Brown LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 56 10. NUMBERS - ADDITION 10. NUMBERS - ADDITION Dear Grandpa, I have a secret… but don’t tell Mom. Ho un segreto..ma non lo dire alla mamma. You know what…..? I CAN COUNT, Grandpa….. Grandma showed me how. Ask me… anything: Sai una cosa..? POSSO CONTARE, nonno...La nonna mi ha insegnato come si fa. Chiedimi ... qualsiasi cosa: WRITE 1 + 2 = Three 2 + 2 = ____________ 3 + 2 = ____________ 4 + 2 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 10. NUMBERS - ADDITION PAGE 57 5 + 2 = ____________ 6 + 2 = ____________ 7 + 2 = ____________ 8 + 2 = ____________ Wait, wait, I know more…. Aspetta, aspetta, so di più…. 2 + 2 = ____________ 3 + 3 = ____________ 4 + 4 = ____________ 5 + 5 = ____________ 6 + 6 = ____________ 7 + 7 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 58 10. NUMBERS - ADDITION 8 + 8 = ____________ 9 + 9 = ____________ 10 + 10 = ____________ Bravo! Bravo,” My Grandpa said…. “You are fantastic, terrific!…” Bravo! Bravo, “ha detto il mio nonno ....” Tu sei fantastico, meraviglioso!...” I blushed a little bit … but I knew Grandpa was right. I counted and counted every night on my ten fingers first then in my head. I wanted Grandpa to be proud of me. Sono un po’ arrossito …ma sapevo che il nonno aveva ragione. Contavo e contavo ogni notte; prima sulle mie dieci dita e poi a mente. Volevo che il nonno fosse orgoglioso di me. CORRECTED EXERCISES EXERCISE I 1 + 2 = three 2 + 2 = four LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 10. NUMBERS - ADDITION PAGE 59 3 + 2 = five 4 + 2 = six 5 + 2 = seven 6 + 2 = eight 7 + 2 = nine 8 + 2 = ten EXERCISE II 2 + 2 = four 3 + 3 = six 4 + 4 = eight 5 + 5 = ten LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 60 10. NUMBERS - ADDITION 6 + 6 = twelve 7 + 7 = fourteen 8 + 8 = sixteen 9 + 9 = eighteen 10 + 10 = twenty LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 11. INTERLUDE : HOME ON THE RANGE PAGE 61 11. INTERLUDE : HOME ON THE RANGE Dear Grandpa, I have a big surprise for you. Mom was playing the piano and she said: “ It’s time for you to learn a beautiful song by heart because it will help you later on in school ….” So we sat together on the bench. My mother played the song five times and we read the lines together… five times and we sang it together five times…. Ho una grande sorpresa per te. La mamma mentre suonava il piano mi ha detto: ”È ora che tu impari una bella canzone a memoria perchè ti aiuterà più avanti a scuola…”. Perciò ci siamo seduti insieme sullo sgabello. La mamma ha suonato la canzone cinque volte e abbiamo letto le righe insieme…cinque volte e l’abbiamo cantata insieme cinque volte…. Sit down, Grandpa, and listen. It’s my surprise for you and for Grandma too. Siediti, nonno, e ascolta. È la mia sorpresa per te ed anche per la nonna. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 62 11. INTERLUDE : HOME ON THE RANGE Home on The Range Oh, give me a home, where the buffalo roam, Where the deer and the antelope play; Where seldom is heard a discouraging word, And the skies are not cloudy all day. Chorus Home, home on the range, Where the deer and the antelope play; Where seldom is heard a discouraging word, And the skies are not cloudy all day. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 12. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES PAGE 63 Home on The Range This song was first printed in 1911. It is said to have been sung on the doorstep of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s home by a group of newspaper reporters the night he was first elected President. Questa canzone è stata stampata, la prima volta, nel 1911. Si dice che è stata cantata davanti alla porta della casa di Franklin D. Roosevelt da un gruppo di giornalisti, la sera che è stato eletto presidente. * Appendix: Music for Home on the Range. 12. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES Dear Grandma and Grandpa, LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 64 12. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES Yesterday, I stayed home. I learned something new with Mom. Mom said: “If you pay attention, I will show you how to recognize a new type of Adjective. They are the Interrogative Adjectives.” She said: “Remember like the demonstrative adjective, the interrogative adjective needs a noun!” Then she said: ”There are three Interrogative Adjectives. They are called interrogative because they are used in asking questions.” Cari nonna e nonno, Ieri sono rimasto a casa. Ho imparato una cosa nuova con la mamma. La mamma mi ha detto: “Se fai attenzione ti mostrerò come si riconosce un nuovo tipo di aggettivo. Sono gli aggettivi interrogativi.” Lei ha detto: “Ricordati che, come gli aggettivi dimostrativi, gli aggettivi interrogativi hanno bisogno di un sostantivo!” Poi ha detto: “Ci sono tre Aggettivi Interrogativi. Sono chiamati interrogativi perchè sono usati quando si fanno domande.” THE THREE INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES : I tre Aggettivi Interrogativi sono: LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 65 Which + NOUN ? What + NOUN ? Whose * + NOUN ? Examples: Which book do you read? (noun) What language do you speak? (noun) Whose pencil is this? (noun) Attention! Do not confuse Whose and Who’s ( Who is…) See Interrogative Pronouns later on. Attenzione! Non confondere Whose e Who’s (who is...) Vedi pronomi interrogativi più avanti. I will have to learn how to recognize them but it’s easy. I will show you Grandma and Grandpa. Dovrò imparare a riconoscerli ma è facile. Vi farò vedere, nonna e nonno. TODAY IS HOMEWORK: Read the following sentences and underline the interrogative adjectives. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 66 TODAY IS Leggi le seguenti frasi e sottolinea l’aggettivo interrogativo. Example: What time is it? What time is it? 1. Which animals do you like best? 2. What day do you go to church? 3. Which night does Santa Claus come? 4. Which months are the summer months? 5. Whose book are you reading? 6. Which chores do you dislike most at home? 7. Whose idea was it? 8. What projects do your parents have for the summer? 9. Do you know which school you will attend in the Fall? 10. Which country would you like to visit? … more to come … ce ne sono ancora più avanti Grandpa… Do you want me to show you where all the nouns are? Then you can tell Grandma. I will write for the nouns. I’ll show you how to do it. i a for the interrogative adjectives and n Nonno... Vuoi che ti mostri dove sono tutti i sostantivi? Dopo lo puoi dire alla nonna. Io scriverò i a per aggettivi interrogativi e n per sostantivi. Ti faccio vedere come si fa. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 67 TODAY IS HOMEWORK: Write n below each underlined noun and ia below each interrogative adjective. Scrivi n sotto ogni sostantivo sottolineato e i a sotto ogni aggettivo interrogativo. 1. Which animals do you like best? 2. What day do you go to church? 3. Which night does Santa Claus come? 4. Which months are the summer months? 5. Whose book are you reading? 6. Which chores do you dislike most at home? 7. Whose idea was it? 8. What projects do your parents have for the summer? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 68 TODAY IS 9. Do you know which school you will attend in the Fall? 10. Which country would you like to visit? Don’t look before you finish the exercise yourself. Non guardare finchè non finisci l’esercizio da solo. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 69 CORRECTED EXERCISES 1. Which animals do you like best? Ia 2. What day do you go to church? Ia 3. n n Which night does Santa Claus come? Ia 4. n n n Which chores do you dislike most at home? ia 7. n n What projects do your parents have for the summer? ia 9. n Whose idea was it? ia 8. n Whose book are you reading? Ia 6. n Which months are the summer months? ia 5. n n n Do you know which school you will attend in the Fall? Ia 10. n n n Which country would you like to visit? ia n LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 70 13. DAYS, WEEKS AND SEASONS 13. DAYS, WEEKS AND SEASONS Dear Grandma, I promised Grandpa that I would write to you. How are you, Grandma? Did you sleep well? Did you think of me … because I thought of you. I have a big surprise for you because I know the days of the week, the months of the year and the seasons of the year … and I know them by heart. I am going to write them for you. Correct my mistakes, Grandma. Cara nonna, Ho promesso al nonno di scriverti. Come stai, nonna? Hai dormito bene? Mi hai pensato... perchè io ti ho pensato. Ho una grande sorpresa per te, io so i giorni della settimana, i mesi dell’anno e le stagioni dell’anno… e li so a memoria. Te li scrivo. Correggi i miei errori, nonna. Grandma, there are 7 days in a week: Nonna, ci sono sette giorni in una settimana: THE DAYS OF THE WEEK I Giorni della Settimana WRITE Monday _________________________ Tuesday _________________________ Wednesday _________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 13. DAYS, WEEKS AND SEASONS PAGE 71 Thursday _________________________ Friday _________________________ Saturday _________________________ Sunday _________________________ . And … Il primo giorno della settimana è lunedi. The last day of the week is Sunday. L’ultimo giorno della settimana è domenica. THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR I Mesi dell’Anno There are twelve months in a year. Ci sono dodici mesi in un anno. WRITE LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 72 13. DAYS, WEEKS AND SEASONS January _________________________ February _________________________ March _________________________ April _________________________ May _________________________ June _________________________ July _________________________ August _________________________ September _________________________ October _________________________ November _________________________ December _________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 73 TODAY IS Grandma, it is Grandpa who showed me how to write like this because he said you sent him love letters in pretty handwriting. He told me you were very romantic. I don’t know what that means but it is beautiful. I think I want to be romantic too. Just like you, Grandma! Nonna... il nonno mi ha insegnato a scrivere così perchè mi ha detto che gli mandavi lettere d’amore con questa calligrafia che è molto bella. Mi ha detto che eri molto romantica. Non so cosa voglia dire ma è bello. Penso che anch’io voglio essere romantico. Esattamente come te, nonna! THE SEASONS OF THE YEAR Le Stagioni dell’Anno There are four seasons in a year : Ci sono quattro stagioni in un anno: WRITE Spring _________________________ Summer _________________________ Autumn _________________________ Winter _________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 74 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE “Grandma, I saw a picture of you when you were a little girl. You were very beautiful, Grandma, and I love you very much. Will you show me other pictures, please? “Nonna, ho visto una tua foto quando eri fanciulla. Eri molto bella, nonna, e ti voglio molto bene. Per favore, mi fai vedere altre foto? “But, Grandma, how did you fall in love with Grandpa? Was it like Mom and Dad? They once told me they thought of each other every day and every night! Oh Boy!” “Nonna, ma come ti sei innamorata del nonno? Era come la mamma e il papà? Una volta mi hanno detto che si pensavano ogni giorno e ogni notte! Oh dio mio!” “One day, your grandpa, who was very handsome, recited four lines from a beautiful poem …. and that was the beginning of our love story. I closed my eyes and I repeated every single line after your grandpa.” “Un giorno,tuo nonno, che era molto bello,ha recitato quattro versi da una bella poesia... e così cominciò la nostra storia d’amore. Ho chiuso gli occhi e ho ripetuto ogni sua parola.” “Oh, Grandma … can you still remember the four lines?” “Nonna... ti ricordi ancora, i quattro versi? “Of course….” “ma certo….” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE PAGE 75 O,My Luve is Like a Red Red Rose O, il mio amore è come una rosa rossa rossa O, my luve is like a red red rose O, il mio amore è come una rosa rossa rossa That’s newly sprung in June : Che è appena nata in giugno: O, my luve is like a melodie O, il mio amore è come una melodia That’s sweetly played in tune. Che viene suonata dolcemente in tono. “Grandma, it is so beautiful ! I want to know it by heart too because when I grow up I want to be like Grandpa.” “Nonna, è così bella! Anch’io la voglio sapere a memoria perchè quando sarò più grande voglio essere come il nonno.” “But, Grandma, why do you say luve ?” “Ma, nonna, perchè dici luve?” “It is because this beautiful poem was written by a poet who lived in Scotland more than two hundred years ago. The same way melody is spelled the French way, “melodie” *. So you see, you know a French word ! “ “È perchè questa bella poesia è stata scritta da un poeta che è vissuto in Scozia più di duecento anni fa. Così come “melody” in francese si scrive, “melodie.”* Vedi, adesso sai una parola francese!” A few explanations: Alcune spiegazioni: These four lines – we call them verses - were written by Robert Burns, the national poet of Scotland. The whole poem contains four stanzas and each stanza has four lines. ( See the whole poem after the exercises. ) LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 76 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE Queste quattro righe-le chiamiamo versi - sono state scritte da Robert Burns, il poeta nazionale della Scozia. Tutta la poesia contiene quattro strofe e ogni strofa ha quattro righe. (Vedere tutta la poesia dopo gli esercizi.) mélodie in French with an accent on the e In francese con un accento sulla e EXERCISE Try to answer the following questions: Prova a rispondere alle seguenti domande: 1. What is the color of the rose? Di che colore è la rosa? _______________________________________________________ 2. First line : To what flower does the poet compare his love? Prima strofa: Il poeta paragona il suo amore a quale fiore? _______________________________________________________ 3. Second line: In which month of the year has the rose sprung? Seconda strofa: In quale mese dell’anno è nata la rosa? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Third line: To what does the poet also compare his love? Terza strofa: Il poeta paragona il suo amore a cos’ altro, ancora? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE PAGE 77 5. Fourth line: How is the melody played? What are the two ways? Quarta strofa: Come viene suonata la melodia? Quali sono i due modi? _______________________________________________________ 6. What does sweetly mean? Can you think of another word? Cosa vuol dire dolcemente? Puoi pensare ad un’altra parola? _______________________________________________________ 7. Why do you think the poet said sweetly and not softly, for instance? Can you think of one reason? Perchè pensi che il poeta abbia detto dolcemente invece di delicatamente? Per quale ragione? _______________________________________________________ 8. And how is the melody played also? In quale altro modo è suonata la melodia? _______________________________________________________ 9. Do you know the word “tune”? Conosci la parola “tune”? (tono) _______________________________________________________ 10. Do you like music? What is your favorite song? Ti piace la musica? Qual’ è la tua canzone preferita? Good ! It’s very good ! I knew you could to it without looking at the corrected Exercise. Bravo! Bravissimo! Sapevo che potevi farlo senza guardare gli esercizi corretti. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 78 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE You may look at the Corrected Exercise now… Adesso puoi guardare gli esercizi corretti… CORRECTED EXERCISE 1. What is the color of the rose? The rose is red. 2. First line : To what flower does the poet compare his love? The poet compares his love to a red rose. 3. Second line: In which month of the year has the rose sprung? The rose has newly sprung in June. 4. Third line: To what does the poet also compare his love? The poet compares his love to a melody. 5. Fourth line: How is the melody played? What are the two ways? The melody is seeetly played in tune. The melody is sweetly played and is in tune. 6. What does sweetly mean? Can you think of another word? Gently, nicely, softly or melodiously. 7. Why do you think the poet said sweetly and not softly, for instance? Can you think of one reason? The poet said sweetly and not softly because the poet thinks of his love , of the sweetness of his love. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE PAGE 79 8. And how is the melody played also? The melody is played in tune. 9. Do you know the word “tune?” Yes , the word tune means in accord , in perfect accord. 10. Do you like music? What is your favorite song? My favorite song is “Jingle Bells”. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 80 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE O, My Luve is Like a Red, Red Rose MODERN VERSION Original version 0, my luve is like a red red rose Oh, my love is like a red, red rose That's newly sprung in June: That’s newly sprung in June: 0, my luve is like a melodie Oh, my love is like a melody That's sweetly played in tune. That’s sweetly played in tune. As fair art thou, my bonie lass, As fair are you, my bonnie lass,* So deep in luve am I; So deep in love am I; And I will luve thee still, my dear, And I will love you still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry. Till all the seas go dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, Till all the seas go dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun; And the rocks melt with the sun; And I will luve thee still, my dear, And I will love you still, my dear, While the sands o' life shall run. While the sands of life shall run. And fare thee weel, my only luve! And farewell to you, my only love! And fare thee weel a while! And farewell to you a while! And I will come again, my luve, And I will come again, my love, Tho’it were ten thousand mile. Though it were ten thousand miles. *bonnie lass = pretty girl ragazza bella LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE PAGE 81 “Oh, Grandma… it is so beautiful !” “I knew you would like it…. For the time being, just learn the first stanza by heart. That’s the first four verses. When you recite them to Grandpa, he will be very proud and happy….” “Oh,nonna….è così bella!” Sapevo che ti sarebbe piaciuta... adesso, impara solo la prima strofa a memoria che corrisponde ai primi quattro versi. Quando la reciterai al nonno, lui sarà molto fiero e felice..” “Since you like this poem so much, I am going to tell you more about Robert Burns…… Robert Burns was born in 1759. The eldest of seven, he spent his youth working on his father’s farm. The family was very poor but that didn’t prevent him from being very well read. He is known as the “Ploughman Poet”. He even wrote songs, more than 400….He died very young. He was only 37 and he is remembered as the national bard of Scotland”. “Dato che ti piace questa poesia così tanto adesso ti dico di più su Robert Burns…. Robert Burns è nato nel 1759. Era il maggiore di sette figli e passò la sua gioventù lavorando nella fattoria di suo padre. La sua famiglia era molto povera ma questo non gli proibì di essere ben istruito. Lui è conosciuto come il “Poeta Ploughman”. Ha scritto anche delle canzoni, più di 400. È morto molto giovane. Aveva solo 37 anni ed è ricordato come il bardo nazionale di Scozia.” “ What is a bard, Grandma?” “Che cosa è un bardo,nonna?” “ A bard is a gifted poet-singer who composes and recites verses about heroes and their great actions.” “Un bardo è un premiato cantastorie che compone e recita versi di eroi e delle loro grandi azioni.” “So, Grandma, if I tell you that I love you because you make the best apple pie in the world, the best chili, the best chocolate mousse, the best… will I be a bard ?” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 82 14. POETRY: O, MY LOVE IS LIKE A RED RED ROSE “Allora, nonna, se io ti dicessi che ti voglio bene perchè fai la migliore torta di mele di questo mondo, il migliore chili, la migliore mousse di cioccolato, il migliore… sarei un bardo?” “ Yes, my love, but you will have to say all these things .. “Sì, amore mio, ma dovrai dire tutte queste cose... …like a melody. That’s sweetly played in tune.” … “Oh my, grandma, you are like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June: Oh, my love is like a melody That’s sweetly played in tune.” “I knew you would learn it by heart,” said Grandma. “I changed the first line because I love my Grandma so much.” “Sapevo che la imparavi a memoria,” ha detto la nonna. “Ho cambiato il primo verso perchè alla mia nonnina le voglio tanto bene.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 15. GRANDPA SAID ... PAGE 83 15. GRANDPA SAID ... Grandpa said : “ If you want to do well in school, you have to be well organized : Il nonno ha detto: “Se vuoi essere bravo a scuola, devi essere ben organizzato: 1. You have to have a good notebook. Devi avere un buon quaderno. 2. You have to write neatly. Devi scrivere bene. 3. You have to learn how to underline certain rules, certain facts. You may use some color pens. Devi imparare a sottolineare alcune regole, certi fatti. Potresti usare alcune penne colorate. 4. You have to learn how to remember certain facts. You use your heart,… you learn BY HEART, because you know that it is going to be important for you…. Devi imparare come ricordarti di certi fatti. Usa la tua memoria, impara a memoria perchè tu sai che sarà importante per te.... 5. Why ? Perchè? 6. “Because you want to be the BEST.” “Perchè vuoi essere il migliore.” I know what I am going to do. I am going to send to Grandma the most important things I learn so far. She will be so happy that she will say ”What a fine grandchild I have … !” Next time I see my Grandma, I will try not to blush because when I blush – I don’t blush all the time – Mom says that I am as red as a lobster. I don’t like lobsters... besides they are red when they are dead. So cosa farò. Manderò alla nonna tutte le cose più importanti che ho imparato fino ad ora. Lei sarà molto felice e dirà, “Che bravo nipote che ho..!” La prossima volta che vedrò mia nonna, proverò a non arrossire perchè quando arrossisco (non arrossisco sempre) la mamma dice che sono rosso come un’aragosta. Non mi piacciono le aragoste... e poi sono rosse quando sono morte. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 84 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I 1. What are the 26 letters of the Alphabet? Quali sono le 26 lettere dell’alfabeto? _____________________________________________________________ 2. What do nouns name ? Cosa indicano i sostantivi? ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 3. What is a descriptive adjective ? Cos’è un aggettivo qualificativo? _____________________________________________________________ 4. Who made the music of Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star famous? Chi ha fatto diventare famosa la musica di Twinkle Twinkle Little Star? _____________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I PAGE 85 5.What are the three persons in the singular of a verb? Quali sono le tre persone singolari di un verbo? _____________________________________________________________ 6. What are the three persons in the plural of a verb ? Quali sono le tre persone plurali di un verbo? _____________________________________________________________ 7. What are the four demonstrative adjectives? Quali sono i quattro aggettivi dimostrativi? Singular (2) ____________________ Plural (2) ____________________ 8. Conjugate the present tense of the verbs Coniuga i verbi usando il tempo presente To have and To be _______________ _________________ _______________ _________________ _______________ _________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 86 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I _______________ _________________ _______________ _________________ _______________ _________________ CORRECTED EXERCISE OF GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 1. What are the 26 letters of the Alphabet? a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 2. What do nouns name? Persons Animals Things 3. What is a descriptive adjective? It is a word used with a noun and this word modifies the noun. 4. Who made the music of Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star famous? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756 - 1791 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I PAGE 87 5. What are the three persons in the singular of a verb? 1. First person I 2. Second person you 3. Third person he, she, it 6. What are the three persons in the plural of a verb ? 1. First person we 2. Second person you 3. Third person they 7. What are the four demonstrative adjectives? Singular (2) this that + Plural (2) these NOUN those 8. Conjuguate the present tense of the verbs. TO HAVE and TO BE I have I am you have you are he, she, it has he, she, it is LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 88 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I we have we are you have you are they have they are Grandpa, don’t you think I did pretty well?… I only made… one or two mistakes. My Dad always says that it is a lack of concentration. I really don’t know what that word means but I like the word very much. Mom says that I should pay attention and she doesn’t not want me to watch television when I read orwhen I do my homework. You cannot do two things at the same time and besides, my cat always comes into my room when I need to concentrate (I repeat after Dad because he seems to like this word too). You have concentration when you concentrate and you lack concentration if you concentrate on your cat instead of your homework. You can see that I really like these two words. Nonno, non pensi che ho fatto abbastanza bene…? Ho fatto solo uno o due errori. Papà dice sempre che è una mancanza di concentrazione. Veramente non so cosa vuol dire quella parola ma mi piace molto. La mamma dice che devo fare attenzione e lei non vuole che io guardi la televisione quando leggo o quando faccio i compiti. Non puoi fare due cose contemporaneamente. In più, il mio gatto viene sempre in camera mia quando ho bisogno di concentrarmi (ripeto ciò che dice papà. Sembra che anche a lui piaccia questa parola). Hai la concentrazione quando ti concentri ma la perdi se ti concentri sul gatto invece che sui compiti. Si vede che mi piacciono queste due parole. By the way, my cat’s name is Scarlatti. A proposito, il mio gatto si chiama Scarlatti. I’ll tell you why my Dad named him Scarlatti. Ti dico perchè il mio papà l’ha chiamato Scarlatti. ”Grandpa…. Did you know how to spell when you were little?” “Nonno... sapevi scrivere quando eri giovane?” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 16. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1 RIPASSO GRAMMATICALE I PAGE 89 “Why do you ask this question ?” “Perchè fai questa domanda?” “Because I don’t know how to spell many words.” “Perchè non so scrivere molte parole.” “If you don’t know the spelling of a word, you open a dictionary.” “Se non sai come si scrive una parola, apri un dizionario.” “Grandma told me that you are very good at Scrabble and that Grandma has to concentrate very hard. Am I too little to have a dictionary ?” “La nonna mi ha detto che sei molto bravo a SCRABBLE e che la nonna si deve concentrare molto. Sono troppo piccolo per avere un dizionario?” “No, there are dictionaries for everyone. I open the dictionary two or three times a day. That’s the way to make progress and to learn how to spell.” “No, ci sono dizionari per tutti. Io apro il dizionario due o tre volte al giorno. È così che fai progressi e impari a scrivere.” “Mom and Dad gave me a little dictionary. I am going to check all the words I learn every day. Thank you Grandpa. Tell Grandma I’m going to give her my spelling list.” “La mamma e il papà mi hanno dato un piccolo dizionario. Io controllerò tutte le parole che imparo ogni giorno.Grazie nonno. Di’ alla nonna che le darò la mia lista di parole.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 90 17. SPELL CHECK : MY ROOM 17. SPELL CHECK : MY ROOM CONTROLLO ORTOGRAFICO: La mia camera NAME WHAT YOU HAVE IN YOUR ROOM AND RECOPY ALL THE WORDS : Descrivi quello che hai nella tua stanza e ricopia tutte le parole: My Room my bed ______________________________ a blanket ______________________________ a pillow ______________________________ two sheets ______________________________ a closet ______________________________ a window ______________________________ curtains ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 17. SPELL CHECK : MY ROOM PAGE 91 my pajamas ______________________________ pairs of socks ______________________________ slippers ______________________________ my shoes ______________________________ my shirts ______________________________ tee shirts ______________________________ underwear ______________________________ three sweat shirts ______________________________ two baseball caps ______________________________ my gym shorts ______________________________ my sneakers ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 92 17. SPELL CHECK : MY ROOM a desk ______________________________ a chair ______________________________ a lamp ______________________________ bookshelves ______________________________ books ______________________________ pens ______________________________ pencils ______________________________ an eraser ______________________________ my school bag ______________________________ notebooks ______________________________ pictures ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 17. SPELL CHECK : MY ROOM PAGE 93 games ______________________________ stuffed animals ______________________________ my sister’s picture ______________________________ my brother’s picture ______________________________ my parents’ picture ______________________________ my grandparents’ picture ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 94 18. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES 18. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Dear Grandpa and Dear Grandma, Thank you for the beautiful dictionary you gave me. I will open it everyday. Mom uses it too and I think my Daddy took it when I was in bed. Maybe he was looking for the word …. Grazie per il bellissimo dizionario che mi avete dato. Lo aprirò ogni giorno. Anche la mamma lo usa e penso che il mio papà lo abbia preso quando ero a letto. Forse cercava la parola….. supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. My cat is sick. I think he has a cold or something. Should I give him some cough syrup? I put my scarf around his neck. Say a prayer for Scarlatti. That’s his name. Il mio gatto è ammalato. Credo che abbia un raffreddore o qualcos’altro. Gli dovrei dare un po’ di sciroppo? Gli ho messo la mia sciarpa intorno al collo. Di’ una preghiera per Scarlatti. Si chiama così. I love you. Lots of kisses from Ti voglio bene. Tanti baci da me PS: Yesterday, Mom told me all about the Possessive Adjectives and Mom said that you would be very happy to see my homework. So… here it is. Scarlatti sends you a kiss too. PS: Ieri, la mamma mi ha detto tutto sugli aggettivi possessivi e ha detto che sarete molto contenti di vedere i miei compiti. Perciò eccoli... Anche Scarlatti ti manda un bacio. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 18. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES PAGE 95 MY HOMEWORK for Grandpa and Grandma Underline all the possessive adjectives: Sottolinea tutti gli aggettivi possessivi: My mom is a beautiful mom. I know it and our daddy and our friends say that she is the best cook in the world. My sister, Michele, and my brother, Philip are her helpers in the kitchen. They love it when our Aunt Mathilda comes with her husband, Francis and their baby, Arthur. You know why? Because they can prepare their favorite recipe which is pancakes with blueberries and maple syrup. Sometimes they fight and I can hear them: “No, it’s not your turn… it’s my turn.” I know my brother, Philip. It is always his turn and my sister, Michele, always says that her pancakes are thicker than Philip’s pancakes. I know one thing… their pancakes are very good. There is a blueberry bush right in the back yard. Its berries are the tastiest. It’s true ! CORRECTED EXERCISE: My mom is a beautiful mom. I know it and our daddy and our friends say that she is the best cook in the world. My sister, Michele, and my brother, Philip are her helpers in the kitchen. They love it when our Aunt Mathilda comes with her husband, Francis and their baby, Arthur. You know why? Because they can prepare their favorite recipe which is pancakes with blueberries and maple syrup. Sometimes they fight and I can hear them: “No, it’s not your turn… it’s my turn.” I know my brother, Philip. It is always his turn and my sister, Michele, always says that her pancakes are thicker than Philip’s pancakes. I know one thing… their pancakes are very good. There is a blueberry bush right in the back yard. Its berries are the tastiest. It’s true ! PS:. Mom says to pay attention when we spell. Look Grandma, I know the difference between “Its berries… and It’s true.” PS: La mamma dice di fare attenzione quando si scrive. Guarda, nonna, so la differenza fra “Its berries... e It’s true”. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 96 18. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES its is a possessive adjective È un aggettivo possessivo and it’s is short for it is. It’s è un’abbreviazione di it is Now I know when to write its and when to write it’s. Adesso so quando si scrive its e quando si scrive it’s. For my Grandpa and my Grandma. My Daddy helped me. Per il mio Nonno e la mia Nonna. Papà mi ha aiutato. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AGGETTIVI POSSESSIVI MY LIST la mia lista singular my, your, his, her, its, plural our, your, their SINGULAR PLURAL 1st person singular my 1st person plural our 2nd person singular your 2nd person plural your 3rd person singular his (masculine) 3rd person plural their her (feminine) its for things and animals per cose e animali LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 18. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES PAGE 97 my book my books the same person la stessa persona her dog her dogs the same person la stessa persona but Daddy said… Our cat ma il babbo ha detto... = several people but ONE animal. Indica più persone ma un solo animale. Our cats = several people and several animals. Indica più persone e più animali. By the way, do you remember who these people are and what they wrote ? A proposito, ti ricordi chi erano queste persone e che cosa avevano scritto? Charles Schultz ________________________ Hans Christian Andersen ________________________ Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm ________________________ See correct responses…. Vedi le risposte corrette Charles Schultz Charlie Brown Hans Christian Andersen Tales Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm Tales LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 98 TODAY IS TODAY IS MY HOMEWORK Underline all the possessive adjectives: Sottolinea tutti gli aggettivi possessivi: 1. I love my cat and his name is Scarlatti. 2. It’s my Dad who helped me with my work. 3. Our school bus is late this morning. 4. Michele and Philip finished their cereal. 5. His bike is red but her bike is purple. 6. Is your house on my street too? 7. Sam lost his new lunch box. 8. Did you wash behind your ears? 9. Her sister is crying. 10. Our cousins brought their own games to our house. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 99 CORRECTED EXERCISE 1. I love my cat and his name is Scarlatti. 2. It’s my Dad who helped me with my work. 3. Our school bus is late this morning. 4. Michele and Philip finished their cereal. 5. His bike is red but her bike is purple. 6. Is your house on my street too? 7. Sam lost his new lunch box. 8. Did you wash behind your ears? 9. Her sister is crying. 10. Our cousins brought their own games to our house. “Very good, very good,” said Grandpa … “Bravo,Bravissimo,” ha detto il nonno…. “Grandpa, are you tired? … because I would like to tell you something. I know a lot of adjectives now and Mom told me that there was an easy way to remember the two big types of adjectives. Let me show you what I did for you and Grandma because you probably forgot you learned it in school. My Daddy and my sister Michele helped me too.” “Nonno, sei stanco?... perchè vorrei dirti una cosa. Adesso conosco molti aggettivi e la mamma mi ha detto che c’è un modo facile di ricordare i due grandi tipi di aggettivi. Lascia che ti mostri cosa ho fatto per te e la nonna perchè sicuramente vi siete dimenticati che li avete imparati a scuola. Anche il mio papà e mia sorella Michelle mi hanno aiutato.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 100 TODAY IS My Grandpa told me that we would read his favorite tales and poems … and that Grandma would play the piano. Il nonno mi ha detto che avremmo potuto leggere le sue favole e poesie preferite… e che la nonna avrebbe suonato il piano. “We cannot live without poetry and music. They go together. “Non possiamo vivere senza la poesia e la musica. Vanno insieme. They create magic.”, said Grandpa. I’ll tell you what I love about my Grandpa and my Grandma: they know so much ! They like music…. Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach seem to be two of their favorite musicians. “Creano la magia.” ha detto il nonno. Ti dirò quello che amo di mio nonno e di mia nonna: Sanno tanto! A loro piace la musica…. Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach sembra che siano due dei loro musicisti preferiti. One day my Grandma played a beautiful piece that Bach had composed for his wife Anna Magdalena. Un giorno mia nonna ha suonato un bellissimo pezzo che Bach aveva composto per sua moglie Anna Magdalena. I can’t remember the name of it. I’ll have to ask Grandpa. He knows everything Non mi ricordo il nome di quel pezzo. Devo chiederlo al nonno. Lui sa tutto. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 19. DESCRIPTIVE AND DETERMINING ADJECTIVES PAGE 101 19. DESCRIPTIVE AND DETERMINING ADJECTIVES For my Grandma and my Grandpa. THERE ARE TWO BIG TYPES OF ADJECTIVES: Ci sono DUE grandi tipi di aggettivi: THE DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES Aggettivi Qualificativi (o Descrittivi) THE DETERMINING ADJECTIVES: Aggettivi Determinativi THE DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES: I remember when I repeated descriptive adjective a long time ago. It was very hard for me. Mi ricordo quando avevo ripetuto descriptive adjective molto tempo fa. Era molto difficile per me. I remember that I repeated “descriptive adjective” one hundred times because I wanted to impress my Mom. I wanted to show her that I could count up to …one hundred all by myself. Mi ricordo che avevo ripetuto “descriptive adjective” cento volte perchè volevo fare bella figura con la mamma. Le volevo far vedere che riuscivo a contare fino a… cento tutto da solo. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 102 19. DESCRIPTIVE AND DETERMINING ADJECTIVES I remember what a descriptive adjective is: Mi ricordo cosa vuol dire un aggettivo qualificativo: It is a word used with a noun and this word modifies the noun. È una parola usata con un sostantivo e questa parola modifica il sostantivo. I remember that “to modify” means to make somewhat different. It means to change. Mi ricordo che “modificare” vuol dire fare un po’ diverso. Vuol dire cambiare. I remember one of the examples you gave me, Grandpa, and I recopied it: Mi ricordo uno degli esempi che mi avevi fatto, nonno, e l’ho ricopiato: Example: My little sister has a bad cold. She is very brave because she has to take yucky cough syrup made with squashed black toads, boiled monkey tails and a spoonful of green and bitter dandelion leaves! It’s a magic potion. “It’s very good for your bad cold.”, I tell her. I love those adjectives little, bad , brave , yucky , squashed, black , boiled , green , bitter , magic , good, bad …. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 19. DESCRIPTIVE AND DETERMINING ADJECTIVES THE DETERMINING ADJECTIVES: PAGE 103 DIPIN 5* “Just remember DIPIN” said Mom . I repeated DIPIN five times … so I would not forget! “Basta ricordare DIPIN” ha detto la mamma. Ho ripetuto DIPIN cinque volte* per non dimenticarmi. DIPIN, DIPIN, DIPIN, DIPIN, DIPIN. There are five types of determining adjectives: Ci sono cinque tipi di aggettivi determinativi: Ricorda: REMEMBER: D D. I. P. I. N. for 5* Demonstrative Adjectives per Aggettivi Dimostrativi I for Interrogative Adjectives P for Possessive Adjectives per Aggettivi Interrogativi per Aggettivi Possessivi I for Indefinite Adjectives N for Numeral (numbers Adjectives per Aggettivi Indefiniti per Aggettivi Inumerali LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 104 TODAY IS TODAY IS I. THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES (4) I remember what Mom said to me. She said: “Remember… a demonstrative adjective needs a noun !” Mi ricordo cosa mi aveva detto la mamma. Mi ha detto: “Ricordati..che un aggettivo dimostrativo ha bisogno di un sostantivo!” Then she said: ”There are four demonstrative adjectives.” demonstrative because they point out a noun. They are called Poi ha detto: “Ci sono quattro aggettivi dimostrativi.” Vengono chiamati dimostrativi perchè indicano un sostantivo. The demonstrative adjectives point out a particular person, place or thing. They are always placed before a noun. L’aggettivo dimostrativo indica una persona, luogo o cosa specifica. Vanno sempre messi prima di un sostantivo. THE FOUR DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES ( 4 ) : 2 for the singular THIS and THAT + a NOUN 2 for the the plural THESE and THOSE Examples: I like this book but I prefer that story. These books are big. Those stories are short. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 105 My Daddy told me that he would give me an exercise so that I could learn them by heart. I like when I have to underline or when I have to circle. But Mom says that it’s better if I write: “The more you write, the better you will write.” And my Daddy always adds: “Always listen to your Mom. Moms know best.” Il mio papà mi ha detto che mi darà un esercizio così potrò impararlo a memoria. Mi piace quando devo sotto lineare o quando devo fare un cerchio. Ma la mamma dice che è meglio se scrivo: “Più scrivi più migliorerai nello scrivere.” E il mio papà aggiunge sempre: “Ascolta sempre la tua mamma. Le mamme sanno di più.“ 2. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES Remember : They are generally used in asking questions directly or indirectly. . Ricordati : Generalmente sono usati per fare domande dirette o indirette. THE THREE INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES ARE: WHICH WHAT WHOSE* Examples: + + + NOUN NOUN NOUN Which book do you read? (noun) What language do you speak? (noun) Whose pencil is this? (noun) LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 106 TODAY IS * Attention! Do not confuse Whose and Who’s ( Who is ….) Attenzione! Non confondere Whose e Who’s (Who is..) I will have to learn how to recognize them. Dovrei imparare a riconoscerli. See Pronouns later on Pronomi più avanti. 3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Possessive adjectives are words which show that a thing is possessed and, at the same time, who the possessor is. Gli aggettivi possessivi sono parole che mostrano che una cosa è posseduta e, nello stesso tempo, mostrano chi è il possessore. singular plural my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 1st person singular my 1st person plural our 2nd person singular your 2nd person plural your 3rd person singular his (masculine) 3rd person plural their her (feminine) LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 107 its Examples: (neutral) SINGULAR PLURAL my book my books One person her dog her dogs One person COMPARE: Confronta: Our cat = several persons but ONE animal Più persone ma un animale Our cats = several persons and several animals. Più persone e più animali Grandpa and Grandma are very happy. I can see it in their eyes. I knew that they would be pleased because my homework is neat and I recopied EVERYTHING, just the way they like it. Il nonno e la nonna sono molto felici. Lo posso vedere nei loro occhi. Sapevo che avrei fatto loro piacere perchè i miei compiti sono organizzati e ho ricopiato TUTTO, esattamente come piace a loro. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 108 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK “Pay attention ! I am going to read a good passage from The Jungle Book, written by Rudyard Kipling,” said Grandpa. Il nonno ha detto, “Fai attenzione! Leggerò un bel brano dal Libro della Giungla scritto da Rudyard Kipling.” Mowgli among the Wolves Mowgli grew up with the cubs, though they, of course, were grown wolves almost before he was a child, and Father Wolf taught him his business, and the meaning of the things in the Jungle, till every rustle in the grass, every breath of the warm night air, every note of the owls above his head, every scratch of a bat’s claws as it roosted for a while in a tree, and every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool meant just as much to him as the work of his office means to a business man, … When he was not learning he sat out in the sun and slept, and ate and went to sleep again: when he felt dirty or hot he swam in the forest pools; and when he wanted honey ( Baloo told him that honey and nuts were just as pleasant to eat as raw meat ) he climbed up for it, and that, Bagheera showed him how to do. Notes: The Jungle Book, written by Rudyard Kipling (1865—1936) has been the favorite story of many children for over one hundred years. Mowgli’s parents have been killed by Shere Khan the tiger and the little boy is raised by wolves. His school is the jungle and his teachers, the jungle animals: Bagheera, Baloo, Kaa, the monkeys and many other characters. Kipling uses all his imagination to tell us about a place he knows well. Before long, we too are swept up into a new world. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 109 The key figures are: Father Wolf Mowgli’s teacher Bagheera the wise black panther Baloo the sleepy bear Kaa the python These friendly beasts contribute to the child’s education. “Do you know all the words? … Let me help you, but next time open your dictionary. To be organized, follow the text and list all the words you don’t know:” ”Conosci tutte le parole?… lascia che ti aiuti ma la prossima volta apri il dizionario. Per essere organizzato, segui il testo e fai una lista di tutte le parole che non conosci:” VOCABULARY: Vocabolario cubs the young of certain big, wild animals till until rustle a quick succession of small sounds owl a night bird of prey with large eyes bat a sort of mouse which flies in the air, at nightfall claw sharp claws at the end of a cat’s paw raw meat meat which is not cooked LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 110 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK QUESTIONS: Domande: Answer all the questions with a small sentence. Write neatly and apply yourself. Rispondi alle domande con una piccola frase.Scrivi attentamente e impegnati. 1. How did Mowgli grow up? Com’è cresciuto Mowgli? __________________________________________________________________ 2. How were the cubs almost before he was a child? Prima che lui fosse bambino, com’ erano i cuccioli? __________________________________________________________________ 3. Who was Mowgli’s teacher? Chi era l’insegnante di Mowgli? __________________________________________________________________ 4. Can you list all the things that have meaning for Mowgli because of what Father Wolf has taught him? Puoi fare una lista di tutte le cose che valgono per Mowgli dopo tutto quello che gli ha insegnato il padre lupo? (1) __________________________________________________________ (2) __________________________________________________________ (3) __________________________________________________________ (4) __________________________________________________________ (5) __________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 111 5. What did Mowgli do when he was not learning? Cosa faceva Mowgli quando non imparava? He sat out _________________________________________________________ He ate and _________________________________________________________ When he felt dirty and hot, he __________________________________________ When he wanted honey and nuts _______________________________________ 6. Who told Mowgli that honey and nuts are just as pleasant to eat as raw meat? Chi ha detto a Mowgli che il miele e le noccioline sono così piacevoli da mangiare tanto quanto la carne cruda? _________________________________________________________________ 7. Who is Baloo? Chi è Baloo? _________________________________________________________________ 8. Who showed Mowgli how to climb up for honey and nuts? Chi ha insegnato a Mowgli a scalare per il miele e le noccioline? _________________________________________________________________ 9. Who wrote The Jungle Book? Chi ha scritto Il Libro della Giungla? _________________________________________________________________ 10. Who killed Mowgli’s parents? Chi ha ucciso i genitori di Mowgli? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 112 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK _________________________________________________________________ 11.What was Mowgli’s school? Cos’ era la scuola di Mowgli? _________________________________________________________________ 12. Who were his teachers? Chi erano i suoi insegnanti? _________________________________________________________________ 13. Do you think you would have liked Mowgli’s life, his school and his teachers? Pensi che a te fosse piaciuta la vita, la scuola e gli insegnanti di Mowgli? _________________________________________________________________ 14. Which is your favorite animal? Qual è il tuo animale preferito? _________________________________________________________________ 15. Do you remember the names of the animals in the story? Ti ricordi i nomi degli animali in questa storia? _________________________________________________________________ This was very long but you did pretty well. You deserve some honey or maybe some nuts or a kiss from Kaa… a pat from Bagheera or a big hug from Baloo…”the sleepy bear.” … Questo era molto lungo ma hai fatto abbastanza bene. Meriti un po’ di miele o forse delle noccioline o un bacio da Kaa…una carezza da Bagheera o un grande abbraccio da Baloo... “l’orso dormiglione.”… How about a piece of that dark chocolate your Daddy likes so much… but only if you ask your Mom! O anche un pezzo di quel cioccolato scuro che piace tanto al tuo papà… ma solo se LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 113 prima chiedi alla mamma! If your Mom says no… remember, “Mother knows best!” Se la mamma dice di no... ricordati, “Nessuno lo sa meglio della mamma!” Congratulations! Congratulazioni! Now, like Mowgli, you may sit out in the sun and sleep…! Adesso, come Mowgli… ti puoi mettere al sole e dormire...! ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS Risposte alle domande 1. How did Mowgli grow up? Mowgli grew up with the cubs. 2. How were the cubs almost before he was a child? The cubs were already grown wolves. 3. Who was Mowgli’s teacher? Father Wolf was Mowgli’s teacher. 4. Can you list all the things that have meaning for Mowgli because of what Father Wolf has taught him? (1) every rustle in the grass (2) every breath of the warm night air (3) every note of the owls LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 114 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK (4) every scratch of a bat’s claws (5) every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool 5. What did Mowgli do when he was not learning? He sat out … in the sun and slept. He ate and … went to sleep again. When he felt dirty and hot, he swam in the forest pools. When he wanted honey and nuts, he climbed up for them. 6. Who told Mowgli that honey and nuts are just as pleasant to eat as raw meat? Baloo told Mowgli. 7. Who is Baloo? Baloo is the sleepy bear. 8. Who showed Mowgli how to climb up for honey and nuts? Bagheera showed Mowgli how to climb. 9. Who wrote The Jungle Book? Rudyard Kipling wrote The Jungle Book. 10. Who killed Mowgli’s parents? Shere Khan, the tiger, killed Mowgli’s parents. 11. What was Mowgli’s school? The jungle was Mowgli’s school. 12. Who were his teachers? Father Wolf and the other animals were his teachers. 13. Do you think you would have liked Mowgli’s life, his school and his teachers? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 20. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 115 Hum! ___________________________________________________ 14. Which is your favorite animal? ________________________________________________________ 15. Do you remember the names of the animals in the story? ________________________________________________________ Short Essay….What would a pet say about growing up in your house with your family and you? Piccolo tema…. Cosa direbbe un animale domestico del vivere nella tua casa con te e la tua famiglia? Write a little story of four or five sentences below: Scrivi sotto una breve storia composta da quattro o cinque frasi . __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 116 21. ANALYSIS: THE PARTS OF SPEECH 21. ANALYSIS: THE PARTS OF SPEECH Just for fun… ? Solo per divertimento..? “Can you try…? Can you name all the words which are underlined? I know you can..” said my Grandma. “Puoi provare..? Puoi nominare tutte le parole che sono sottolineate? So che ce la puoi fare...” disse mia nonna. I remember the book I read with my Mom, You can do it, Charlie Brown. If you don’t try, how do you know if you can do it… So I’ll try! Mi ricordo il libro che ho letto con la mia mamma, You can do it, Charlie Brown. Se non provi, come sai se ce la puoi fare… EXERCISE : indicate if it is A NOUN n A DEFINITE ARTICLE da AN INDEFINITE ARTICLE ia A DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE adj A DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE dem.a A POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE poss a A VERB v Example: grew up v LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 21. ANALYSIS: THE PARTS OF SPEECH PAGE 117 Mowgli grew up with the cubs, though they, of course, were grown _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ wolves almost before he was a child, and Father Wolf taught him his _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ business, and the meaning of the things in the Jungle, till every rustle _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ in the grass, every breath of the warm night air, every note of the _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ owls above his head, every scratch of a bat’s claws as it roosted for a _____ _____ _____ _____ _______________ _____ while in a tree, and every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ meant just as much to him as the work of his office means to a _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ business man, … When he was not learning he sat out in the sun and _____ _____ _____ slept, and ate and went to sleep again: when he felt dirty or hot he _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ swam in the forest pools; and when he wanted honey ( Baloo told him _____ _____ _____ that honey and nuts were just as pleasant to eat as raw meat ) he _____ _____ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 118 21. ANALYSIS: THE PARTS OF SPEECH climbed up for it, and that, Bagheera showed him how to do. _____ _____ CORRECTED EXERCISE esercizi corretti Indicate if it is a noun n a definite article da an indefinite article ia a descriptive adjective adj a demonstrative adjective dem a a possessive adjective poss.a a verb v Mowgli grew up with the cubs, though they, of course, were grown v da n v wolves almost before he was a child, and Father Wolf taught him his n v n v poss.a business, and the meaning of the things in the Jungle, till every rustle n da n n n n in the grass, every breath of the warm night air, every note of the n n adj n n LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 21. ANALYSIS: THE PARTS OF SPEECH PAGE 119 owls above his head, every scratch of a bat’s claws as it roosted for a n poss.a n n ia n n v while in a tree, and every splash of every little fish jumping in a pool n n adj n ia n meant just as much to him as the work of his office means to a v da n poss. a v ia business man, … When he was not learning he sat out in the sun and n v n slept, and ate and went to sleep again: when he felt dirty or hot he v v v v v adj swam in the forest pools; and when he wanted honey ( Baloo told him v n v that honey and nuts were just as pleasant to eat as raw meat ) he adj adj climbed up for it, and that, Bagheera showed him how to do. v v I think I only made one or three mistakes. It’s because – as my mother says – I don’t pay attention. Let’s say That I was “distracted “ ( Mom likes this word ! )… by Scarlatti. Penso di aver fatto uno o tre errori. È perchè come dice mia madre - non faccio attenzione. Diciamo che ero un po’ “distratto” (alla mamma piace questa parola!)... da Scarlatti. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 120 22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100 22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100 “ Grandpa… do you know what grandma said to me yesterday ?” “Nonno ….Sai che cosa mi ha detto la nonna ieri?” “ No.”… ( My Grandpa looked at me with his eyes wide open…) “No”…(Mio nonno mi ha guardato con gli occhi sbarrati…) She said : “You never told me that you could count up to 100. “ Mi ha detto: “Non mi hai mai detto che sapevi contare fino a cento.” “I didn’t know that you could count up to 100. Show me, ” said my Grandpa. “Non sapevo che sapevi contare fino a 100. Fammi vedere,”ha detto il nonno. So, I recited all the numbers for grandpa… Così ho recitato tutti i numeri per il nonno… … then I took out my pencil and the two pages that My Daddy gave me and I started writing. ... poi ho preso la matita e le due pagine che papà mi aveva dato e ho cominciato a scrivere. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100 PAGE 121 WRITE FROM 11 TO 100 It is going to take me a long time but my Mother said that “the more one writes the better one writes.” 11 eleven ____________________ 12 twelve ____________________ 13 thirteen ____________________ 14 fourteen ____________________ 15 fifteen ____________________ 16 sixteen ____________________ 17 seventeen ____________________ 18 eighteen ____________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 122 22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100 19 nineteen ____________________ 20 twenty ____________________ 21 twenty-one ____________________ 22 twenty-two ____________________ 23 twenty-three ____________________ 24 twenty-four ____________________ 25 twenty-five ____________________ 26 twenty-six ____________________ 27 twenty-seven ____________________ 28 twenty-eight ____________________ 29 twenty-nine ____________________ 30 thirty ____________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100 PAGE 123 31 thirty-one ____________________ 32 thirty-two ____________________ 40 forty ____________________ 41 forty-one ____________________ 50 fifty ____________________ 60 sixty ____________________ 70 seventy ____________________ 80 eighty ____________________ 90 ninety ____________________ 100 one hundred ____________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 124 22. LET’S COUNT... 11 TO 100 I had to write so many numbers…. My hand is stiff! Dovevo scrivere tanti numeri..adesso mi fa male la mano! By next time, Grandpa told me I should know how to count up to THOUSAND ! ONE Mio nonno mi ha detto che per la prossima volta potrò contare fino a MILLE! I have to go to bed very early because tomorrow I will review my vocabulary. “If you have a good vocabulary, you will do well in school,” said Grandma. My mom added: “The more you read, the more vocabulary you will know!” Devo andare a dormire presto stasera perchè domani ripasserò il mio vocabolario. La nonna ha detto, “Se tu hai un buon vocabolario,sarai bravo a scuola.” Poi la mamma ha aggiunto : “Più leggi, più avrai un buon vocabolario.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 23. SPELL CHECK : THE KITCHEN PAGE 125 23. SPELL CHECK : THE KITCHEN My favorite room is the kitchen because I love my Daddy’s cooking. My Dad cooks, my Mom makes bread, pies and cookies and she prepares everything for my Dad … and my sister and my brother watch. My Dad is good because, as he says: “My Grandma taught me everything I know.” La mia stanza preferita è la cucina perchè amo la cucina di papà. Il mio papà cucina, la mia mamma fa il pane, le torte ed i biscotti e prepara tutto per il mio papà… e mia sorella e mio fratello guardano. Il mio papà è bravo perchè, come dice lui: “Mia nonna mi ha insegnato tutto quello che so.” The Kitchen Recopy all the words: the kitchen ______________________________ closets ______________________________ cupboards ______________________________ drawers ______________________________ a table ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 126 23. SPELL CHECK : THE KITCHEN chairs ______________________________ a stepping stool ______________________________ counters ______________________________ a sink ______________________________ faucets ______________________________ a refrigerator ______________________________ an oven ______________________________ pots ______________________________ pans ______________________________ an electric mixer ______________________________ dishes ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 23. SPELL CHECK : THE KITCHEN silverware ______________________________ a coffee pot ______________________________ a tea pot ______________________________ salt and pepper shakers ______________________________ a bread board ______________________________ measuring cups ______________________________ a rolling pin ______________________________ a ladle ______________________________ a colander ______________________________ a timer ______________________________ towels ______________________________ PAGE 127 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 128 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 1. What are the two types of adjectives? Quali sono i due tipi di aggettivi? (1) _____________________________________________ (2) _____________________________________________ 2. What are the five types of determining adjectives? Quali sono i cinque tipi di aggettivi determinativi? (1) _____________________________________________ (2) _____________________________________________ (3) _____________________________________________ (4) _____________________________________________ (5) _____________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 PAGE 129 3. Which types have you studied so far? D.I.P.I.N. Quali tipi hai studiato fin’ora? D for _____________________________________________ I for _____________________________________________ P for _____________________________________________ 4. What are the four demonstrative adjectives? Quali sono i quattro aggettivi dimostrativi? Singular ___________ ___________ Plural ___________ ___________ 5. What are the three interrogative adjectives? Quali sono i tre aggettivi interrogativi? _____________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 130 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 6. What are the possessive adjectives? Quali sono gli aggettivi possessivi? Masculine singular Feminine singular 1. __________ __________ 2. __________ __________ 3 __________ __________ Neutral ( for animals and things ) __________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 PAGE 131 Masculine plural Feminine plural 1. __________ __________ 2. __________ __________ 3. __________ __________ Neutral ( for animals and things ) __________ 7. What is the definite article ( See page 5 ) ? _____________________________________________ 8. What are a and an + a noun ? _____________________________________________ 9. Definite / indefinite articles and determining adjectives are always followed by: Articoli determinativi/indeterminativi e aggettivi determinativi sono sempre seguiti da: _____________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 132 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 10. What are the last two types of determining adjectives you have to know? Quali sono gli ultimi due tipi di aggettivi determinativi che devi sapere? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 11. What is the word you are supposed to know in order to remember all the determining adjectives? Qual è la parola che devi sapere per aiutarti a ricordare tutti gli aggettivi determinativi? _____________________________________________ PS: You are fantastic … but don’t tell your friends I said so. PS: Sei fantastico…ma non dire ai tuoi amici che l’ho detto. You may look at the Corrected Exercise now… LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 PAGE 133 CORRECTED EXERCISE OF GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 1. 2. 3. What are the two types of adjectives? (1) the descriptive adjectives (2) the determining adjectives What are the five types of determining adjectives? (1) the demonstrative adjectives (2) the interrogative adjectives (3) the possessive adjectives (4) the indefinite adjectives (5) the numeral adjectives Which types have you studied so far? D.I.P.I.N. D for demonstrative I for interrogative P for possessive 4. What are the four demonstrative adjectives? Singular this that + a NOUN Plural these those + a NOUN LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 134 5. 6. 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 What are the three interrogative adjectives? Which + a NOUN What + a NOUN Whose + a NOUN What are the possessive adjectives? Masculine singular Feminine singular 1. my my + a NOUN 2. your your + a NOUN 3. his her + a NOUN Neutral ( for animals and things ) its + a NOUN Masculine plural Feminine plural 1. our our + a NOUN 2. your your + a NOUN 3. their their + a NOUN Neutral its + a NOUN LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 24. GRAMMAR REVIEW 2 7. What is the definite article ? the 8. PAGE 135 + a NOUN What are a and an + a NOUN ? indefinite articles 9. + a NOUN Definite / indefinite articles and determining adjectives are always followed by a NOUN 10. What are the last two types of determining adjectives you have to know? the indefinite adjectives + a NOUN the numeral adjectives + a NOUN 11. What is the word you are supposed to know in order to remember all the determining adjectives? DIPIN PS: You are fantastic … but don’t tell your friends I said so. You may tell your Grandpa and your Grandma ! The little voice in my head ….. PS: Sei fantastico… ma non dire ai tuoi amici che l’ho detto. Lo puoi dire a tuo nonno e a tua nonna! La piccola voce nella mia testa….. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 136 25. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES 25. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES “Today, we are going to go over the last two types of determining adjectives. You have been so good and I know it is not always easy to repeat and repeat – sometimes one hundred times , as you have done – but it is the only way to learn something by heart. At first, it may seem boring but you will soon discover that it works. Besides, your teachers will be pleased and your parents will be so proud of your work.” “Oggi ripasseremo gli ultimi due tipi di aggettivi determinativi. Sei stato così bravo fin’ora e so che non è sempre facile ripetere e ripetere, qualche volta cento volte, come hai fatto - ma è l’unica maniera per imparare a memoria. All’inizio, può sembrare noioso ma presto scoprirai che funziona. Inoltre, i tuoi insegnanti saranno contenti e i tuoi genitori saranno orgogliosi del tuo lavoro.” That’s the way my Grandma started the lesson. I knew I was in for something big but I remember what Lucy once said to Charlie Brown, “You can do it, Charlie Brown!“ If Charlie Brown can do it, so can I. È così che mia nonna ha cominciato la lezione.Sapevo che mi aspettava qualcosa di grande ma mi ricordo quello che Lucy una volta aveva detto a Charlie Brown, “Ce la puoi fare, Charlie Brown!” Se Charlie Brown ce la può fare, allora anch’io. _______________________________ After D demonstrative adjectives aggettivi dimostrativi I interrogative adjectives aggettivi interrogativi P possessive adjectives aggettivi possessivi I for indefinite adjectives . Per aggettivi indefiniti LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 25. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES PAGE 137 THE INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES An indefinite adjective does not point out any definite person, place, or thing. Un aggettivo indefinito non indica una determinata persona, luogo o cosa. Remember: indefinite adjective + a NOUN. The most important indefinite adjectives you have to know right now are: Gli aggettivi indefiniti più importanti che devi sapere adesso sono: all All men are created equal. another Mom will tell me another story. each Each day I learn something new. every Every man for himself. many Many hands make light work. several I have several animals at home. “Later on, you will learn more indefinite adjectives,” said Grandma. La nonna ha detto, “Più tardi imparerai altri aggettivi indefiniti.” It was not that hard… but my Grandma is so good. She knows how to make things simple and I know that I will be able to recognize all these words. Grandpa gave me an exercise that I will do tonight to show my Grandma, my Mom and my Dad, that I know all my indefinitve adjectives. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 138 25. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES Non era così difficile… ma la nonna è così brava. Lei sa semplificare le cose ed io so che potrò riconoscere tutte queste parole. Il nonno mi ha dato un esercizio che farò stasera e farò vedere che so tutti gli aggettivi indefiniti a mia nonna, mia mamma e mio papà. HOMEWORK: Exercise on Indefinite Adjectives Underline the indefinite adjectives: 1. I have many books about Charlie Brown in my room. 2. Several days a week, I help my Mom with the chores. 3. Did you see all the snow that fell last night? 4. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to bed at 9 o’clock. 5. I go to school every day at 8 o’clock except Saturday and Sunday. 6. Another child in my class is sick today. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 25. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES PAGE 139 CORRECTED EXERCISE Underline the indefinite adjectives: Sottolinea gli aggettivi indefiniti: 1. I have many books about Charlie Brown in my room. 2. Several days a week, I help my Mom with the chores. 3. Did you see all the snow that fell last night? 4. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to bed at 9 o’clock. 5. I go to school every day at 8 o’clock except Saturday and Sunday. 6. Another child in my class is sick today. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 140 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK Sunday night My sweet grandchild , Mio caro nipote, I have a bad cold so I won’t be able to keep our date. Your Grandpa asked me to stay home because of the inclement weather. Ho un brutto raffreddore perciò non potrò essere al nostro appuntamento. Tuo nonno mi ha chiesto di rimanere a casa per il tempo brutto. I would have loved to see you. I nevertheless prepared something special because I know that you like The Jungle Book. Even though I won’t be by your side to explain certain words, you are so good that you should not have any difficulties. Mi sarebbe piaciuto vederti. Intanto, ho preparato una cosa speciale, perchè so che ti piace Il Libro della Giungla. Anche se non sono lì vicino a te per spiegarti certe parole, sei così bravo che non dovresti avere nessuna difficoltà. Grandpa will leave this envelope with your good parents. Read eveything very carefully and try to answer the questions I prepared. Don’t forget to write neatly. Il nonno lascerà questa busta ai tuoi bravi genitori. Leggi tutto con molta attenzione e prova a rispondere alle domande che ho preparato. Non dimenticarti di scrivere bene. You know how much we love you. Grandpa will give you a kiss for me and you can give Scarlatti an extra pat. Sai quanto ti vogliamo bene. Il nonno ti darà un bacio da parte mia e puoi anche dare una carezza in più a Scarlatti. Grandma LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 141 An excerpt from THE JUNGLE BOOK Un brano dal Libro della Giungla. Rudyard Kipling ( 1865-1936 ) has been the favorite author of many children ever since their parents and teachers read to them from The Jungle Book. Born in Bombay, India, he also lived in England and in the United States. Rudyard Kipling wrote many books about India and in 1907 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. He died in England in January of 1936 at the age of 71. If you have never read his stories you have deprived yourself of a wonderful experience. Here is another passage from The Jungle Book. Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936) è stato uno degli autori preferiti da tanti bambini da quando genitori e insegnanti hanno letto loro Il Libro della Giungla. Nato a Bombay, India,è vissuto anche in Inghilterra e negli Stati Uniti. Rudyard Kipling ha scritto molti libri sull’India e nel 1907 ha vinto il premio Nobel per la letteratura. È morto in Inghilterra nel gennaio del 1936 a 71 anni. Se non hai mai letto le sue storie ti sei perso un’esperienza bellissima.Ecco un altro brano del Libro della Giungla. The passage is long. It is divided into three parts with three sets of questions. Please reread each part for it is an excellent exercise. Pay attention to each word especially the ones that are difficult. Il brano è lungo. È diviso in tre parti con tre gruppi di domande. Per favore, rileggi ogni parte perchè è un eccellente esercizio. Fai attenzione ad ogni parola, specialmente a quelle più difficili. Remember: Ricordati: It is a very good habit and fine study method to take a sheet of paper and write down the names of the different characters presented in a reading piece. È una buona abitudine e un buon metodo di studio prendere un foglio di carta e scrivere tutti i nomi di tutti i diversi personaggi presentati in questa lettura. Characters in the Story Personaggi della Lettura LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 142 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK Akela the Father Wolf, leader of the Pack ________ ____________________________ Bagheera the Panther with beautiful black skin ________ ____________________________ Baloo the Bear ________ ____________________________ Ikki the Porcupine ________ ____________________________ Kaa the Python ________ ____________________________ Mao the Peacock ________ ____________________________ Mowgli the Boy ________ ____________________________ Shere Khan the Tiger ________ ____________________________ Tabaqui the Jackal ________ ____________________________ It was one very warm day that a new notion came to Bagheera -- born of something that he had heard. Perhaps Ikki, the Porcupine, had told him; but he said to Mowgli when they were LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 143 deep in the jungle, as the boy lay with his head on Bagheera's beautiful black skin: "Little Brother, how often have I told thee that Shere Khan is thy enemy?" "As many times as there are nuts on that palm," said Mowgli, who, naturally, could not count. "What of it? I am sleepy, Bagheera, and Shere Khan is all long tail and loud talk, like Mao, the Peacock." "But this is no time for sleeping. Baloo knows it, I know it, the Pack know it, and even the foolish, foolish deer know. Tabaqui has told thee too." "Ho! ho!" said Mowgli. "Tabaqui came to me not long ago with some rude talk that I was a naked man's cub, and not fit to dig pig-nuts; but I caught Tabaqui by the tail and swung him twice against a palm-tree to teach him better manners." Rewrite the following : Riscrivi le seguenti parole: I told thee I told you ___________________________________ thy enemy your enemy ___________________________________ What of it? So what? ___________________________________ a man-cub a human baby ___________________________________ QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT Domande basate sul testo PART I 1. What is the name of the Porcupine? Come si chiama il porcospino? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 144 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK __________________________________________________________________ 2. Where does Mowgli lay his head? Dove appoggia la sua testa Mowgli? __________________________________________________________________ 3. What does Bagheera call Mowgli? Bagheera come chiama Mowgli? __________________________________________________________________ 4. Why? Perchè? ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who is Mowgli’s enemy? Chi è il nemico di Mowgli? __________________________________________________________________ 6. What is Mowgli’s answer to Bagheera’s question: “How often have I told you that Shere Khan is thy enemy?” Qual’ è la risposta alla domanda di Bagheera: “How often have I told you that Shere Khan is thy enemy?” 7. Can Mowgli count? Mowgli può contare? __________________________________________________________________ 8. How does Mowgli describe Shere Khan? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 145 Mowgli come descrive Shere Khan? __________________________________________________________________ 9. To whom does Mowgli compare Shere Khan? Mowgli, a chi paragona Shere Khan? __________________________________________________________________ 10.Can you imagine why Mowgli is sleepy? Puoi immaginare perchè Mowgli ha sonno? __________________________________________________________________ 11. Who is Tabaqui? Chi è Tabaqui? __________________________________________________________________ 12. What did Mowgli do to teach Tabaqui better manners? Cosa ha fatto Mowgli per insegnare a Tabaqui ad essere meglio educato? __________________________________________________________________ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT : Risposte alle domande basate sul testo: 1. What is the name of the Porcupine? The name of the Porcupine is Ikki. 2. Where does Mowgli lay his head? Mowgli lays his head on Bagheera’s beautiful black skin. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 146 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK 3. What does Bagheera call Mowgli? Bagheera calls Mowgli Little Brother. 4. Why? Because Mowgli was brought up with the animals in the jungle. 5. Who is Mowgli’s enemy? Mowgli’s enemy is Shere Khan. 6. What is Mowgli’s answer to Bagheera’s question: ”How often have I told you that Shere Khan is thy enemy?” As many times as there are nuts on that palm. 7. Can Mowgli count? Mowgli cannot count. 8. How does Mowgli describe Shere Khan? Mowgli says that Shere Khan is all long tail and loud talk. 9. To whom does Mowgli compare Shere Khan? Mowgli compares Shere Khan to Mao, the Peacock. 10. Can you imagine why Mowgli is sleepy? Yes, Mowgli is sleepy because he is a little boy. He has been told that Shere Khan is his enemy and he must be watchful. 11. Who is Tabaqui? Tabaqui is the jackal. 12. What did Mowgli do to teach Tabaqui better manners? Mowgli caught Tabaqui by the tail and swung him twice against a palm-tree. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 147 PART II "That was foolishness; for though Tabaqui is a mischief-maker, he would have told thee of something that concerned thee closely. Open those eyes, Little Brother! Shere Khan dares not kill thee in the jungle for fear of those that love thee; but remember, Akela is very old, and soon the day comes when he cannot kill his buck, and then he will be leader no more. Many of the wolves that looked thee over when thou wast brought to the Council first are old too, and the young wolves believe, as Shere Khan has taught them, that a man-cub has no place with the Pack. In a little time thou wilt be a man." "And what is a man that he should not run with his brothers?" said Mowgli. "I was born in the jungle; I have obeyed the Law of the Jungle; and there is no wolf of ours from whose paws I have not pulled a thorn. Surely they are my brothers!" REWRITE THE FOLLOWING: a mischief maker a character who annoys or irritates others ____________________________________________________________________________ that concerned thee closely that was about you ____________________________________________________________________________ for fear of afraid of ____________________________________________________________________________ the day come the day will come ____________________________________________________________________________ when thou wast when you were ____________________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 148 has no place 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK does not belong ____________________________________________________________________________ thou wilt be you will be ____________________________________________________________________________ thou you, before a verb ____________________________________________________________________________ thee you, after a verb or a preposition ____________________________________________________________________________ thy possessive adjective = your, before a noun ____________________________________________________________________________ have told thee have told you, thee = personal pronoun ____________________________________________________________________________ And what is a man that he should not run And why should a man not run ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT PART II 1. Shere Khan is afraid of whom? Di chi ha paura Shere Khan? __________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 149 2. Who is Akela? Chi è Akela? __________________________________________________________________ 3. What must a leader like Akela be able to do? Cosa dovrebbe essere capace di fare un “leader” come Akela? __________________________________________________________________ 4.Who first looked after Mowgli in the jungle? Chi per primo nella giungla teneva d’occhio Mowgli? ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. What has Shere Khan taught the young wolves? Cosa ha insegnato Shere Khan ai giovani lupi? __________________________________________________________________ 6. What will Mowgli grow up to be in a little time? Cosa diventerà Mowgli in poco tempo? ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. How has Mowgli proved that a man can run with his brothers? Name the three proofs. Come ha dimostrato Mowgli che un uomo può correre con i suoi fratelli? Descrivi le tre prove. a) ____________________________________________________________ b) ____________________________________________________________ c) ____________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 150 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK 8. Who are Mowgli’s brothers? Chi sono i fratelli di Mowgli? ____________________________________________________________________________ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT : 1. Shere Khan is afraid of whom? Shere Khan is afraid of the animals who love Mowgli. 2. Who is Akela? Akela is the leader of the wolves. He is very old. 3. What must a leader like Akela be able to do? He must be able to kill a buck. 4. Who first looked after Mowgli in the jungle? The wolves first looked after Mowgli. 5. What has Shere Khan taught the young wolves? Shere Khan has taught the young wolves that a man-cub has no place in the pack. 6. What will Mowgli grow up to be in a little time? Mowgli will soon grow up to be a man. 7. How has Mowgli proved that a man can run with his brothers? Name the three proofs. a) Mowgli was born in the jungle. b) Mowgli has obeyed the laws of the jungle. c) Mowgli has pulled thorns from the paws of every wolf. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 151 8. Who are Mowgli’s brothers? The wolves are Mowgli’s brothers. PART III Bagheera stretched himself at full length and half shut his eyes. "Little Brother" said he, "feel under my jaw." Mowgli put up his strong brown hand, and just under Bagheera's silky chin, where the giant rolling muscles were all hid by the glossy hair, he came upon a little bald spot. "There is no one in the jungle that knows that I, Bagheera, carry that mark -- the mark of the collar; and yet, Little Brother, I was born among men, and it was among men that my mother died -- in the cages of the King's Palace at Oodeypore. It was because of this that I paid the price for thee at the Council when thou wast a little naked cub. Yes, I too was born among men. I had never seen the jungle. They fed me behind bars from an iron pan till one night I felt that I was Bagheera, the Panther, and no man's plaything, and I broke the silly lock with one blow of my paw, and came away; and because I had learned the ways of men, I became more terrible in the jungle than Shere Khan. Is it not so?" "Yes," said Mowgli; "all the jungle fear Bagheera -- all except Mowgli." REWRITE THE FOLLOWING: silky (chin) fur of fine soft hairs _________ __________________________________________________ were all hid were all hidden _________ __________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 152 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK Oodeypore a town in India near the jungle _________ __________________________________________________ till one night until one night _________ __________________________________________________ QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT 1. What does Bagheera say to Mowgli ? Cosa dice Bagheera a Mowgli? __________________________________________________________________ 2. How does Bagheera make it easier for Mowgli to feel under his jaw? Bagheera, come rende più facile che Mowgli senta sotto la mandibola? __________________________________________________________________ 3. What does Mowgli find hidden by Bagheera’s glossy hair? Cosa trova Mowgli nascosto vicino ai peli lucidi di Bagheera? 4. Does anyone else in the jungle know about Bagheera’s mark? C’è qualcun altro nella giungla che sa del segno di Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 153 5. What does the mark of the collar mean? Cosa vuol dire il segno sul collare? __________________________________________________________________ 6. Where was Bagheera born? Dov’è nato Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ 7. Where did Bagheera’s mother die? Dov’è morta la madre di Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ 8. Why did Bagheera pay the price for Mowgli at the Council when Mowgli was a little naked cub? Perchè Bagheera ha pagato le conseguenze per Mowgli al consiglio quando Mowgli era solo un cucciolo nudo? __________________________________________________________________ 9. Where and how was Bagheera fed? Dove e come veniva dato da mangiare a Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ 10. How did Bagheera escape? Com’è scappato Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ 11. Are the animals in the jungle afraid of Bagheera? Gli animali della giungla hanno paura di Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 154 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK 12. Is Mowgli afraid of Bagheera ? Mowgli ha paura di Bagheera? __________________________________________________________________ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BASED ON THE TEXT : 1. What does Bagheera say to Mowgli ? Bagheera tells Mowgli to feel under his jaw. 2. How does Bagheera make it easier for Mowgli to feel under his jaw? Bagheera stretches himself at full length and half shuts his eyes. 3. What does Mowgli find hidden by Bagheera’s glossy hair? Mowgli finds a little bald spot. 4. Does anyone else in the jungle know about Bagheera’s mark? No one in the jungle knows that Bagheera carries that mark. 5. What does the mark of the collar mean? It means that Bagheera has worn a collar and has been a prisoner of men. 6. Where was Bagheera born? Bagheera was born among men. 7. Where did Bagheera’s mother die? Bagheera’s mother died in the cages of the King’s Palace at Oodeypore. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 26. READING : THE JUNGLE BOOK PAGE 155 8. Why did Bagheera pay the price for Mowgli at the Council when Mowgli was a little naked cub? Bagheera remembered that he had also never seen the jungle for he too had been born among men. 9. Where and how was Bagheera fed? Bagheera was fed behind bars from an iron pail. 10. How did Bagheera escape? One night, he broke the silly lock with one blow of his paw. 11. Are the animals in the jungle afraid of Bagheera? All the jungle fear Bagheera. 12. Is Mowgli afraid of Bagheera ? Mowgli does not fear Bagheera. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 156 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION Yesterday my Grandpa gave me a multiplication table to learn because he said it would be a game for us. Then he added: “In life, you have to learn how to add and multiply. It’s called positive thinking.” I don’t know what that means but I like the two words. Ieri mio nonno mi ha dato una tabellina da imparare. Lui ha detto che sarà un gioco per noi. Poi ha aggiunto: “Nella vita devi imparare a sommare e moltiplicare. Questo si chiama essere ottimista.” Non so cosa vuol dire ma mi piacciono le due parole. My Mom likes to use these words too and she always says to my Daddy, “Think positive !” I remember Lucy who once said to Charlie Brown: “Good grief, Charlie Brown, think positively.” (You should have seen Charlie Brown’s face !) . Anche alla mamma piace usare queste parole. Lei dice sempre al mio papà, “Pensa positivamente!” Mi ricordo che Lucy aveva detto una volta a Charlie Brown: “Accidenti,Charlie Brown, pensa positivamente.” (Dovevi vedere la faccia di Charlie Brown!) HERE IS THE FIRST MULTIPLICATION TABLE I RECOPIED for GRANDMA: Ecco la prima tabellina che ho ricopiato per la nonna: 1x 0= 0 1x 1= 1 1x 2= 2 1x 3= 3 1x 4= 4 1x 5= 5 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION PAGE 157 1x 6= 6 1x 7= 7 1x 8= 8 1x 9= 9 1 x 10 = 10 1 x 11 = 11 1 x 12 = 12 Then Grandpa and I recited the One Times Table over and over again. We took turns. When I told Grandpa that the One Times Table was easy, he said, “then let’s try the twos.” Dopo io e il nonno abbiamo ripassato la tabellina dell’uno molte volte. Facevamo i turni. Quando ho detto al nonno che la tabellina dell’uno era facile lui ha detto, “allora proviamo quella del due.” 2x 0= 0 2x 1= 2 2x 2= 4 2x 3= 6 2x 4= 8 2 x 5 = 10 2 x 6 = 12 2 x 7 = 14 2 x 8 = 16 2 x 9 = 18 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 158 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION 2 x 10 = 20 2 x 11 = 22 2 x 12 = 24 The Two Times Table is easy too. I already knew it a little because Grandpa sometimes counts by two when he is in a hurry, “two, four, six, eight, ten….” Anche la tabellina del due è facile. Già la conoscevo un po’ perchè il nonno a volte conta per due quando ha fretta... “due, quattro, sei, otto, dieci….” On Sunday, we took a long walk in the neighborhood. I recited the Two Times Table. When we came home, my Dad mixed up all the numbers to test me: Questa domenica abbiamo fatto una lunga passeggiata nel quartiere. Ho ripetuto la tabellina del due. Quando siamo tornati a casa,il mio papà ha mischiato tutti i numeri per mettermi alla prova: 2 x 1 = _______ 2 x 5 = _______ 11 x 1 = _______ 1 x 4 = _______ 2 x 8 = _______ 4 x 2 = _______ 1 x 10 = _______ 1 x 12 = _______ 2 x 9 = _______ 2 x 3 = _______ 1 x 1 = _______ 2 x 6 = _______ 7 x 1 = _______ 3 x 2 = _______ 7 x 2 = _______ CORRECT ANSWERS: 2, 4, 10, 6, 7, 10, 16, 12, 1, 6 11, 8, 18, 12, 14 I wrote out the answers but I did not get them all right. My Mom said to write each one that I got wrong three times on a sheet of paper. Now I know how to multiply by one and two and I am ready to learn how to multiply by three: Ho risposto a tutte le domande ma ne ho sbagliate alcune. La mamma mi ha detto di scrivere tutte quelle che avevo sbagliato tre volte su un foglio di carta. Adesso so come moltiplicare per uno e due. Ora sono pronto per imparare a moltiplicare per tre: LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION PAGE 159 3x 0= 0 3x 1= 3 3x 2=6 3x 3=9 3 x 4 = 12 3 x 5 = 15 3 x 6 = 18 3 x 7 = 21 3 x 8 = 24 3 x 9 = 27 3 x 10 = 30 3 x 11 = 33 3 x 12 = 36 “Thirty-six,” said Grandpa. “Now, you are reaching for the high numbers.” He’s right. The Three Times Table is a little harder but I am going to practice my tables over and over again to surprise Grandpa and Grandma. “Trentasei”, ha detto il nonno. “Adesso,arrivi ai numeri alti.” Ha ragione, la tabellina del tre è un po’ più difficile, però io studierò le tabelline per fare una sorpresa al nonno e alla nonna. 1x 0= 0 2x 0= 0 3x 0= 0 1x 1= 1 2x 1= 2 3x 1= 3 1x 2= 2 2x 2= 4 3x 2= 6 1x 3= 3 2x 3= 6 3x 3= 9 1x 4= 4 2x 4= 8 3 x 4 = 12 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 160 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION 1x 5= 5 2 x 5 = 10 3 x 5 = 15 1x 6= 6 2 x 6 = 12 3 x 6 = 18 1x 7= 7 2 x 7 = 14 3 x 7 = 21 1x 8= 8 2 x 8 = 16 3 x 8 = 24 1x 9= 9 2 x 9 = 18 3 x 9 = 27 1 x 10 = 10 2 x 10 = 20 3 x 10 = 30 1 x 11 = 11 2 x 11 = 22 3 x 11 = 33 1 x 12 = 12 2 x 12 = 24 3 x 12 = 36 MY HOMEWORK: “I know you recopied the Multiplication Tables your Grandpa gave you but the most important thing is to know them by heart. For that, you’ll have have to write them down and repeat them over and over again,” said Grandma. “You’ll see how fast you learn them. You’ll soon be a math whiz. It’s an excellent exercise for your memory.” La nonna ha detto, “So che hai ricopiato le tabelline che ti ha dato tuo nonno ma la cosa più importante è saperle a memoria. Perciò devi scriverle e ripeterle varie volte. Vedrai come le imparerai subito. Presto sarai un esperto in matematica. È un esercizio eccellente per la tua memoria.” EXERCISE: Please... don’t look at the tables. Per favore… non guardare le tabelle. 1 x 0 = _______ 2 x 0 = _______ 3 x 0 = _______ 1 x 1 = _______ 2 x 1 = _______ 3 x 1 = _______ 1 x 2 = _______ 2 x 2 = _______ 3 x 2 = _______ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 27. NUMBERS - MULTIPLICATION PAGE 161 1 x 3 = _______ 2 x 3 = _______ 3 x 3 = _______ 1 x 4 = _______ 2 x 4 = _______ 3 x 4 = _______ 1 x 5 = _______ 2 x 5 = _______ 3 x 5 = _______ 1 x 6 = _______ 2 x 6 = _______ 3 x 6 = _______ 1 x 7 = _______ 2 x 7 = _______ 3 x 7 = _______ 1 x 8 = _______ 2 x 8 = _______ 3 x 8 = _______ 1 x 9 = _______ 2 x 9 = _______ 3 x 9 = _______ 1 x 10 = _______ 2 x 10 = _______ 3 x 10 = _______ 1 x 11 = _______ 2 x 11 = _______ 3 x 11 = _______ 1 x 12 = _______ 2 x 12 = _______ 3 x 12 = _______ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 162 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES I had hardly said, “Good morning, Grandma. Good morning, Grandpa…” that my Grandpa said as he was lifting me high in the air: “ Do you remember DIPIN ?” Avevo appena detto, “Buongiorno, nonna. Buongiorno, nonno…” quando il nonno mi ha alzato in aria e mi ha detto: “Ti ricordi DIPIN?” How could I forget DIPIN? “Sure, Grandpa,” I answered. “That’s the way I remember all my determining adjectives….” Come potrei dimenticare DIPIN? “Certo nonno,” ho risposto. “È così che mi ricordo tutti i miei aggettivi determinativi..” 1. D for demonstrative per dimostrativo 2. I for interrogative per interrogativo 3. P for possessive per possessivo 4. I for indefinite per indefinito and… 5. N for … I forgot, Grandpa ! N per… mi sono dimenticato, nonno! “Don’t worry,” said Grandma. “That’s what we will be looking at today. You won’t find it hard because you already know these new determining adjectives. D I P I N …. the last N stands for “Non ti preoccupare,” ha detto la nonna. “Su questo lavoreremo oggi. Non sarà difficile perchè già sai questi nuovi aggettivi determinativi. DIPIN…l’ultima N è per… LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES PAGE 163 NUMERAL ADJECTIVES Aggettivi numerali Most people say NUMBERS but I don’t think it’s right. You will understand why. La maggior parte delle persone dicono NUMERI ma non penso che sia giusto. Capirai perchè. “Of course they are numbers,” added Grandpa, “but there are two different types of numeral adjectives.” ”Certo che sono numeri,” ha aggiunto il nonno, “ma ci sono due tipi diversi di aggettivi numerali.” Let’s study them together. Studiamoli insieme. THE NUMERAL ADJECTIVES ( 2 ) There are two types of numeral adjectives : Ci sono due tipi di aggettivi numerali: The cardinal numeral adjectives Gli aggettivi numerali cardinali The ordinal numeral adjectives Gli aggettivi numerali ordinali LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 164 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES 1. THE CARDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES Gli aggettivi numerali cardinali one, two, three, four, five, twenty… + a NOUN uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, venti… + un sostantivo 2. THE ORDINAL NUMERAL ADJECTIVES Gli aggettivi numerali ordinali first, second, third, fourth, fifth, twentieth… + a NOUN primo,secondo,terzo,quarto,quinto,ventesimo... + un sostantivo TABLE OF NUMBERS CARDINAL NUMBERS Tabella dei numeri Write out the numbers zero 0 zero one 1 one two 2 two three 3 _______________________ four 4 _______________________ five 5 _______________________ six 6 _______________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES PAGE 165 seven 7 _______________________ eight 8 _______________________ nine 9 _______________________ ten 10 _______________________ eleven 11 _______________________ twelve 12 _______________________ thirteen 13 _______________________ fourteen 14 _______________________ fifteen 15 _______________________ sixteen 16 _______________________ seventeen 17 _______________________ eighteen 18 _______________________ nineteen 19 _______________________ twenty 20 _______________________ twenty-one 21 _______________________ twenty-two 22 _______________________ twenty-three 23 _______________________ twenty-four 24 _______________________ twenty-five 25 _______________________ twenty-six 26 _______________________ twenty-seven 27 _______________________ twenty-eight 28 _______________________ twenty-nine 29 _______________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 166 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES thirty 30 _______________________ thirty-one 31 _______________________ thirty-two etc. 32 _______________________ forty 40 _______________________ Attention ! said Grandpa ……If you say, for instance, “Ihave ten..!” Ten is not a cardinal numeral adjective. It is a number but it is not an adjective. Why? “ “Because there is no NOUN” I answered. “Good, very good, very, very good” said Grandpa. We will talk about this later. Just remember that you need a NOUN for any determining adjective. Attenzione! ha detto il nonno… Se tu dici, per esempio, “Io ho dieci..!” Dieci non è un aggettivo numerale cardinale. È un numero ma non è un aggettivo. Perchè?” “Perchè non c’è un sostantivo” ho risposto. “Bravo,bravissimo,” ha detto il nonno. Parleremo di questo più tardi. Ricordati solo che hai bisogno di un SOSTANTIVO per qualsiasi aggettivo determinativo. EXERCISE Write the correct cardinal numeral adjective in the spaces below: Scrivi l ‘aggettivo numerale cardinale correttamente negli spazi: 1. I have __________________ fingers, __________________ toes, LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES PAGE 167 __________________ eyes, and ___________________ nose. 2. There are __________________ minutes in a half hour. __________________ hours in a day, __________________ days in a week, __________________ weeks in a month. 3. You need ____________ players for a baseball team and ____________ players for a basketball team. 4. I have _____________ sisters. 5. I have _____________ brothers. 6. There are _____________ children in my class. 7. “One, ____________, LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 168 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES Buckle my shoe; ____________, ____________, Shut the door; ____________, ____________, Pick up sticks; ____________, ____________, Lay them straight; ____________, ____________, A good, fat hen. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES PAGE 169 8. “______________ days hath September, April, June and November. All the rest have _______________, save February, To which we ______________ assign Till leap year gives it ______________.” 9. There are ____________ eggs in a dozen, ____________ doughnuts in two dozen, and ____________ roses in three dozen. 10. There were ____________ thieves in Ali Baba’s den. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 170 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES CORRECTED EXERCISE Be sure to check the spelling of each word: Controlla bene l’ortografia di ogni parola. 1. I have and ten fingers, ten toes, two eyes, one nose. 2. There are thirty 3. You need and minutes in a half hour. twenty-four hours in a day, seven days in a week, four weeks in a month. nine players for a baseball team. five players for a basketball team. 4. I have _____________ sisters. 5. I have _____________ brothers. 6. There are _______________ children in my class. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 28. NUMERAL ADJECTIVES 7. “One, PAGE 171 two, Buckle my shoe; three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, Shut the door; Pick up sticks; Lay them straight; A good, fat hen. 8. “Thirty days have September, April, June and November. All the rest have thirty-one, save February, To which we twenty-eight Till leap year gives it 9. There are twelve assign twenty-nine.” eggs in a dozen, twenty-four doughnuts in two dozen, and thirty-six 10. There were roses in three dozen. forty thieves in Ali Baba’s den. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 172 29. ORDINAL NUMBERS : 1 TO 40 29. ORDINAL NUMBERS : 1 TO 40 TABLE OF NUMBERS ORDINAL NUMBERS Numeri ordinali Write out the number first 1st first second 2nd second third 3rd _______________________ fourth 4th _______________________ fifth 5th _______________________ sixth 6th _______________________ seventh 7th _______________________ eighth 8th _______________________ ninth 9th _______________________ tenth 10th _______________________ eleventh 11th _______________________ twelfth 12th _______________________ thirteenth 13th _______________________ fourteenth 14th _______________________ fifteenth 15th _______________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 29. ORDINAL NUMBERS : 1 TO 40 PAGE 173 sixteenth 16th _______________________ seventeenth 17th _______________________ eighteenth 18th _______________________ nineteenth 19th _______________________ twentieth 20th _______________________ twenty-first 21st _______________________ twenty-second 22nd _______________________ twenty-third 23rd _______________________ twenty-fourth 24th _______________________ twenty-fifth 25th _______________________ twenty-sixth 26th _______________________ twenty-seventh 27th _______________________ twenty-eighth 28th _______________________ twenty-ninth 29th _______________________ thirtieth 30th _______________________ thirty-first 31st _______________________ thirty-second 32nd _______________________ fortieth 40th _______________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 174 29. ORDINAL NUMBERS : 1 TO 40 EXERCISE Write the correct ordinal numeral adjective in the spaces below. 1. We won! Our team is in ____________ place. 2. Friday is the ____________ day of a work week. 3. My grandmother had three sons. The ___________ was called Barry; the ____________, Harry; and the _____________ one, Larry. 4, “On the ____________ day of Christmas, my true love gave to me A partridge in a pear tree. On the ____________ day of Christmas, my true love gave to me Two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree. On the ____________ day of Christmas, my true love gave to me Three French hens, two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree....” 5. June is the ____________ month of the year. 6. Our town always has fireworks on the __________ of July. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 29. ORDINAL NUMBERS : 1 TO 40 PAGE 175 CORRECTED EXERCISE Be sure to check the spelling of each word: 1. We won! Our team is in first place. 2. Friday is the fifth day of a work week. 3. My grandmother had three sons. The first was called Barry; the second, Harry; and the third one, Larry. 4. “On the first day of Christmas, my true love gave to me A partridge in a pear tree. On the second day of Christmas, my true love gave to me Two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree. On the third day of Christmas, my true love gave to me Three French hens, two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree....” 5. June is the sixth month of the year. 6. Our town always has fireworks on the fourth of July. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 176 BATHROOM 30. SPELL CHECK : 30. SPELL CHECK : THE BATHROOM THE BATHROOM For my Grandma, the bathtub ______________________________ shower ______________________________ shower curtain ______________________________ sink ______________________________ hot water faucet ______________________________ cold water faucet ______________________________ toilet ______________________________ toilet paper ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD THE 30. SPELL CHECK : THE BATHROOM 177 medicine chest ______________________________ cabinets ______________________________ cotton balls ______________________________ mirror ______________________________ soap ______________________________ soap dish ______________________________ toothbrush ______________________________ toothpaste ______________________________ toothbrush holder ______________________________ rinsing cup ______________________________ tiles ______________________________ bath mat ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE PAGE 178 BATHROOM 30. SPELL CHECK : stool ______________________________ towel rack ______________________________ bath towel ______________________________ hand towel ______________________________ face cloth ______________________________ laundry hamper ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD THE 31. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION PAGE 179 31. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION Dear Grandma and Grandpa, Thank you for the beautiful CD you gave me yesterday. I love it. It’s just right because my piano teacher asked me to play two of the Minuets that Johann Sebastian Bach wrote for his wife Anna Magdalena. And guess what … I found those Minuets on the CD and I am going to try to play them the same way. Daddy says that I am gifted and Mom closes her eyes when I play so I will play them for you too. They are Minuet 1 and Minuet 2. My sister and my brother would like to play them too. I am sending you a surprise with lots of kisses. ...me Grazie per il bellissimo CD che mi avete dato ieri.Mi piace molto. È perfetto perchè il mio maestro di piano mi aveva chiesto di suonare due dei Minuetti che Johann Sebastian Bach ha scritto per sua moglie Anna Magdalena. E indovina una cosa.... Ho trovato quei minuetti sul CD e proverò a suonarli nella stessa maniera. Papà dice che ho talento e la mamma chiude gli occhi quando suono. Adesso li suono anche per te. Sono il Minuetto 1 e il Minuetto 2. Anche a mia sorella e a mio fratello piacerebbe suonarli. Ti mando una sorpresa con tanti baci. ...me MY NEW MULTIPLICATION TABLES 4x 0= 0 5x 0= 0 6x 0= 0 4x 1= 4 5x 1= 5 6x 1= 6 4x 2= 8 5 x 2 = 10 6 x 2 = 12 4 x 3 = 12 5 x 3 = 15 6 x 3 = 18 4 x 4 = 16 5 x 4 = 20 6 x 4 = 24 4 x 5 = 20 5 x 5 = 25 6 x 5 = 30 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 180 31. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION 4 x 6 = 24 5 x 6 = 30 6 x 6 = 36 4 x 7 = 28 5 x 7 = 35 6 x 7 = 42 4 x 8 = 32 5 x 8 = 40 6 x 8 = 48 4 x 9 = 36 5 x 9 = 45 6 x 9 = 54 4 x 10 = 40 5 x 10 = 50 6 x 10 = 60 4 x 11 = 44 5 x 11 = 55 6 x 11 = 66 4 x 12 = 48 5 x 12 = 60 6 x 12 = 72 EXERCISE 4 x 0 = ____________ 5 x 0 = ____________ 6 x 0 = ____________ 4 x 1 =____________ 5 x 1 = ____________ 6 x 1 = ____________ 4 x 2 = ____________ 5 x 2 = ____________ 6 x 2 = ____________ 4 x 3 = ____________ 5 x 3 = ____________ 6 x 3 = ____________ 4 x 4 =____________ 5 x 4 = ____________ 6 x 4 = ____________ 4 x 5 = ____________ 5 x 5 = ____________ 6 x 5 = ____________ 4 x 6 = ____________ 5 x 6 = ____________ 6 x 6 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 31. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION PAGE 181 4 x 7 = ____________ 5 x 7 = ____________ 6 x 7 = ____________ 4 x 8 = ____________ 5 x 8 = ____________ 6 x 8 = ____________ 4 x 9 = ____________ 5 x 9 = ____________ 6 x 9 = ____________ 4 x 10 = ____________ 5 x 10 = ____________ 6 x 10 = ____________ 4 x 11 = ____________ 5 x 11 = ____________ 6 x 11 = ____________ 4 x 12 = ____________ 5 x 12 = ____________ 6 x 12 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 182 32. INTERLUDE: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH 32. INTERLUDE: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH My dear grandchild , Mio caro nipote, Your Grandpa won’t be able to see you today which makes him sad. One of our neighbors needs help with his garden. Since your Grandpa is a born gardener who learned everything from his parents and grandparents,, he said yes. Instead I decided I would send you something on Johann Sebastian Bach because you are playing the charming and delightful Minuets he wrote for his beloved Anna Magdalena. Tuo nonno è triste perchè non ti potrà vedere oggi.Uno dei nostri vicini ha bisogno di aiuto nel suo giardino. Tuo nonno ha imparato tutto dai suoi genitori e dai suoi nonni.È nato giardiniere e perciò ha detto di sì.Io, invece, ho deciso di mandarti una cosa su Johann Sebastian Bach dato che tu suoni i suoi incantevoli e meravigliosi Minuetti che lui ha scritto per il suo amore Anna Magdalena. I know you will want to keep the page in your special folder., You are so neat and studious , that you make your grandparents very proud. So che vorrai tenere la pagina nella tua cartella speciale.Sei così organizzato e studioso che fai essere orgogliosi i tuoi nonni. With much love and kisses from yourGrandma , Con tanto amore e baci dalla tua nonna, Mary LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 32. INTERLUDE: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH PAGE 183 JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH 1685 – 1750 A famous German musician, composer and organist. Un musicista, compositore e organista famoso. Covered with glory during his lifetime, Bach remained the most modest artist ever known. His church music is a profession of faith because he wrote every single piece for the greatest Glory of God. Anche se la sua vita è stata piena di gloria, Bach rimase il più modesto artista mai conosciuto. La sua musica di chiesa è una professione di fede perchè ha scritto ogni singolo pezzo per la gloria più grande di Dio. HIS PRINCIPAL WORKS ARE: I suoi grandi lavori sono: For the organ - preludes, fugues, chorales, motets, toccatas, sonatas and the few remaining cantatas that he composed every week for Sunday service. Per l’organo - preludi, fughe, corali, mottetti, toccate, sonate ed altre cantate che ha composto ogni settimana per la messa della domenica. For the harpsichord - inventions, the French and English Suites. Per l’arpicordo - invenzioni, le suite francesi e inglesi. For the violin - partitas and sonatas. Per il violino - partite e sonate. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 184 32. INTERLUDE: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH For the flute – sonatas. Per il flauto – sonate. For the orchestra and chorus – the passions and the Bandenburg Concerti. Per l’orchestra e il coro- le passioni e i concerti di Bandenburg. He was 65 years old when he died. Lui aveva 65 anni quando è morto. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 33. READINGS : AESOP’S FABLES PAGE 185 33. READINGS : AESOP’S FABLES I really love my mom and dad. They know how much we like animals so we often go to the zoo and watch films on animals in the wild. When my sister, Michele, was given the book, Aesop’s Fables for her birthday, we read several of them. Then the whole family talked about how true they are. Guess what? I found the following fables on my table. Voglio veramente tanto bene alla mamma e al papà. Loro sanno quanto ci piacciono gli animali e perciò andiamo spesso allo zoo e guardiamo i film sugli animali selvaggi. Quando a mia sorella Michelle è stato dato il libro, Favole di Esopo per il suo compleanno, ne abbiamo lette alcune. Poi tutta la famiglia diceva quanto erano vere. Indovina una cosa? Ho trovato le seguenti favole sul tavolo. Like Homer, the most famous Greek poet, not much is known about the life and history of Aesop. Many believe that he was a slave, born about 620 B.C. He is above all remembered for his Fables. Come Omero, il più famoso poeta Greco, non si sa molto sulla vita e storia di Esopo Molti credono che fosse schiavo,nato intorno all’anno 620 A.C. Lui è conosciuto sopratutto per le sue favole. The Dog And The Shadow A dog, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own shadow in the water and mistook it for that of another dog, with a piece of meat double his own in size. Greedily, he immediately let go of his own, and fiercely attacked the other dog to get his larger piece from him. That’s how he lost both: the piece which he grasped at in the water, because it was a shadow; and his own, because the stream swept it away. The Wolf In Sheep's Clothing Once upon a time a hungry wolf decided to disguise himself in a sheep’s skin and joined the flock of sheep. Even the shepherd was fooled and the wolf was able to kill and eat all the sheep he wanted. One night after the shepherd had put all his sheep in the fold, he decided to kill one of his own flock for food. Without realizing what he was doing, he took out the wolf and killed him instantly. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 186 33. READINGS : AESOP’S FABLES The Ant And The Dove An ant went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, but was carried away by the rush of the stream. Just as she was about to drown, a dove sitting on a tree above, plucked a leaf and let it fall into the stream close to her. The ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly afterwards a birdcatcher came and stood under the tree, laying a trap of lime-twigs for the dove, which was sitting in the branches. The ant, remembering the dove’s kindness, stung him in the foot. In pain the birdcatcher threw down the twigs, making enough noise for the dove to fly away. The Goose That Laid Golden Eggs A farmer went to the nest of his goose to see whether she had laid an egg. To his surprise he found, instead of an ordinary goose egg, an egg of solid gold. Every day brought another golden egg. As the farmer grew richer and richer, he decided that if he killed the goose, he could have all her treasure at once so he cut her open only to find – nothing at all. … on my table… I found this love note from my Mom. I recognized the handwriting right away. … sul mio tavolo... Ho trovato questo messaggio d’amore dalla mamma. Ho riconosciuto la calligrafia subito. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 33. READINGS : AESOP’S FABLES To my Sweetie Pie, PAGE 187 Al mio dolce tesoro, I know what your dad would enjoy, a little contest. He wants to know who will have the best answers. Do you remember when we told you that a fable is made up of two distinct parts, one called the story – some teachers may say “the body” – and the other part, the moral or the lesson of that story - which some call, “the soul”. It ‘s an excellent exercise to be able to draw out the most important idea or ideas from a story. In a fable, the challenge is to find “the moral” of a very, short story Try to give your dad the answers before he comes back from work. I love you. Sleep tight. Sweet dreams. With lots of kisses from your mom. Lo so cosa piacerebbe al tuo papà, una piccola sfida. Lui vuole sapere chi avrà le risposte migliori.Ti ricordi quando ti abbiamo detto che una favola è composta da due parti diverse? Una si chiama la storia-alcune insegnanti direbbero “il corpo”- e l’altra parte, la morale o l’insegnamento della storia - che alcuni chiamano, “l’anima”. È un eccellente esercizio poter prendere l’idea più importante o le idee da una storia. In una favola, la sfida è trovare “la morale” di una storia molto breve. Prova a dare al tuo papà le risposte prima che torni dal lavoro. Ti voglio bene. Dormi bene. Sogni d’oro. Con tanti baci dalla tua mamma. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 188 TODAY IS TODAY IS REREAD THE FOLLOWING FABLES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: Rileggi le seguenti favole e rispondi alle domande: The Dog And The Shadow A dog, crossing a bridge over a stream with a piece of flesh in his mouth, saw his own shadow in the water and mistook it for that of another dog, with a piece of meat double his own in size. Greedily, he immediately let go of his own, and fiercely attacked the other dog to get his larger piece from him. That’s how he lTost both: the piece which he grasped at in the water, because it was a shadow; and his own, because the stream swept it away. QUESTIONS: 1.Name the characters in the fable? Nomina i personaggi della favola? __________________________________________________________________ 2.What is the moral? Qual è la morale della favola? __________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 189 The Wolf In Sheep's Clothing Once upon a time a hungry wolf decided to disguise himself in a sheep’s skin and joined the flock of sheep. Even the shepherd was fooled and the wolf was able to kill and eat all the sheep he wanted. One night after the shepherd had put all his sheep in the fold, he decided to kill one of his own flock for food. Without realizing what he was doing, he took out the wolf and killed him instantly. QUESTIONS: Name the characters in the fable? Nomina i personaggi della favola. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ What is the moral? Qual è la morale della favola? __________________________________________________________________ The Ant And The Dove An ant went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, but was carried away by the rush of the stream. Just as she was about to drown, a dove sitting on a tree above, plucked a leaf and let it fall into the stream close to her. The ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly afterwards a birdcatcher came and stood under the tree, laying a trap of lime-twigs for the dove, which was sitting in the branches. The ant, remembering the dove’s kindness, stung him in the foot. In pain the birdcatcher threw down the twigs, making enough noise for the dove to fly away. QUESTIONS: LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 190 TODAY IS 1.Name the characters in the fable? Nomina i personaggi della favola. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2.What is the moral? Qual è la morale della favola? __________________________________________________________________ The Goose That Laid Golden Eggs A farmer went to the nest of his goose to see whether she had laid an egg. To his surprise he found, instead of an ordinary goose egg, an egg of solid gold. Every day brought another golden egg. As the farmer grew richer and richer, he decided that if he killed the goose, he could have all her treasure at once so he cut her open only to find – nothing at all. QUESTIONS: 1.Name the characters in the fable? Nomina i personaggi nella favola? __________________________________________________________________ 2.What is the moral? Qual è la morale della favola? __________________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 191 CORRECTIONS The Dog And The Shadow QUESTIONS: 1. Name the characters in the fable? The characters are the dog and the dog’s shadow. 2. What is the moral? “Greedily, he immediately let go of his own, and fiercely attacked the other dog to get his larger piece from him. That’s how he lost both.” If you are too greedy, you can lose everything you have. The Wolf In Sheep's Clothing QUESTIONS: 1. Name the characters in the fable? The characters are the wolf, the sheep and the shepherd. 2. What is the moral? Harm seek, harm find or it really does not pay to pretend to be what you are not. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 192 TODAY IS The Ant And The Dove QUESTIONS: 1. Name the characters in the fable? The characters are the ant, the dove and the birdcatcher. 2. What is the moral? In life, one often needs someone smaller than oneself and the second moral is, one good turn deserves another. The Goose That Laid Golden Eggs QUESTIONS: 1. Name the characters in the fable? The characters are the farmer and his goose. 2. What is the moral? If you are too greedy, you can lose everything you have. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 34. PRONOUNS : CLASSIFICATION PAGE 193 34. PRONOUNS : CLASSIFICATION I read and reread Grandpa’s letter five times, maybe more. I said to myself that I was pretty lucky to have such good grandparents and parents. In school, I helped a little child who told me he didn’t have a Grandpa and he didn’t know where his Grandma was. Let me show you my Grandpa’s letter. Ho letto e riletto la lettera del nonno cinque volte,forse di più. Ho pensato che sono fortunato ad avere dei nonni e dei genitori così buoni. A scuola, ho aiutato un piccolo bambino che mi aveva detto che non aveva un nonno e non sapeva dove fosse sua nonna. Lascia che ti mostri la lettera del nonno. __________________________________ My terrific grandchild, Il mio meraviglioso nipote, Am I proud of you! What a fine grandchild who listens attentively, writes neatly, studies well, has good manners and above all, has a good heart ! I heard that you were very kind to a less fortunate child. Quanto sono fiero di te! Che nipote bravo che sei: ascolti attentamente, scrivi ordinatamente, studi bene e hai buone maniere e soprattutto un buon cuore! Ho sentito che sei stato molto gentile con un bambino meno fortunato. I am really impressed because in a short time, you have learned, remembered and retained so much. Sono rimasto stupito perchè in poco tempo hai imparato, memorizzato e acquisito così tanto. Together, we covered nouns, articles, some verbs, some personal pronouns, qualifying adjectives and all the determining adjectives ( the famous D.I.P.I.N ). You are so good that I told your Grandma and parents: “Now he is now ready for pronouns.” Insieme, abbiamo studiato sostantivi, articoli, alcuni verbi, alcuni pronomi personali, LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 194 34. PRONOUNS : CLASSIFICATION aggettivi qualificativi e tutti gli aggettivi determinativi (il famoso D.I.P.I.N) Sei così bravo che l’ho detto alla nonna e ai tuoi genitori: “Adesso è pronto per i pronomi.” I am going to let you get back to playing the piano, the Bach pieces you like so much and to listen to Mozart. When I was your age, I was told by a famous musicologist that when the angels have nothing to do in heaven, they listen to Mozart… What a beautiful spectacle! Adesso ti lascio suonare il piano ,i pezzi di Bach che ti piacciono tanto, ed ascoltare Mozart. Quando avevo la tua età mi è stato detto da un musicologo famoso che quando gli angeli non hanno niente da fare nel cielo, ascoltano Mozart….Che bello spettacolo! Do you agree? I’ll tell you a secret…. Your Grandma also loves Chopin… yes, Frédéric Chopin. Listening to and playing the music of these great composers is the best preparation for good, solid studies. Sei d’accordo? Ti dico un segreto.... Anche a tua nonna piace Chopin…sì, Frédéric Chopin. Ascoltare e suonare la musica di questi grandi compositori è la migliore preparazione per ottimi studi. Grandma just called me. My herbal tea is ready. La nonna mi ha appena chiamato. Il mio tè alle erbe è pronto. Sleep well. You have our deep affection. Dormi bene. Tu hai il nostro affetto più profondo. With lots of kisses, Grandpa Tanti baci, Nonno PS: As for the pronouns, I left an outline that you should recopy into your notebook. Per i pronomi, ho lasciato uno schema che dovresti ricopiare nel tuo quaderno. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 34. PRONOUNS : CLASSIFICATION PAGE 195 PRONOUNS PRONOMI A pronoun ( pro – noun ) is a word used for a noun. Un pronome è una parola usata al posto di un sostantivo. That means that the pronoun ( pro means “for,” in place of ) takes the place of a noun. Ciò vuol dire che un pronome (pro vuol dire “per,” al posto di) prende il posto del sostantivo. Therefore No NOUN after a PRONOUN Perciò Nessun SOSTANTIVO dopo un PRONOME Examples: The book is on the table. see it? I see Marie. I see her. It is on the table. Do you She is reading your letter. He will give the letter to Peter and Jacqueline. He will give them the letter. It, I, her, she, he and them are pronouns. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 196 34. PRONOUNS : CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICAZIONE THERE ARE THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PRONOUNS: Ci sono tre categorie principali di pronomi: I. Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, plus many others. Pronomi personali: II. Relative Pronouns: Pronomi relativi: III. Determining Pronouns: D. I. P .I . N. 5 Pronomi Determinativi: Demonstrative Pronouns Pronomi dimostrativi Interrogative Pronouns Pronomi interrogativi Possessive Pronouns Pronomi possessivi Indefinite Pronouns Pronomi indefiniti Numeral ( Cardinal ) Pronouns Pronomi numerali (cardinali) We could start with the Personal Pronouns – you already know some ( I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they ) or the Relative Pronouns but we will begin with the Determining Pronouns because you already know D.I.P.I.N. Always start with something you already know. Possiamo cominciare con i PRONOMI PERSONALI – già ne conosci alcuni (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) oppure i PRONOMI RELATIVI, ma cominceremo con i PRONOMI DETERMINATIVI perchè già conosci D.I.P.I.N. Devi sempre cominciare con qualcosa che già conosci. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5 PAGE 197 35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5 There are FIVE categories of Determining Pronouns which are: Ci sono CINQUE categorie di Pronomi Determinativi i quali sono: Demonstrative Pronouns D Pronomi Dimostrativi Interrogative Pronouns I Pronomi Interrogativi Possessive Pronouns P Pronomi Possessivi Indefinite Pronouns I Pronomi Indefiniti Numeral Pronouns N Pronomi Numerali You see it’s very easy to remember the different types of determining pronouns because you already know DIPIN from your lessons on the determining adjectives Vedi com’è molto facile ricordare i diversi tipi di pronomi determinativi perchè sai già DIPIN dalle tue lezioni sugli aggettivi determinativi. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 198 35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5 I. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS: (4) PRONOMI DIMOSTRATIVI There are 4 demonstrative pronouns: Ci sono 4 pronomi dimostrativi: THIS and THAT for the singular per il singolare THESE and THOSE for the plural per il plurale You see, the demonstrative adjectives have the same forms but they are followed by a noun. Vedi, gli aggettivi dimostrativi hanno le stesse forme ma sono seguiti da un sostantivo. Do you remember? Look at these examples and you will understand. Ti ricordi? Guarda questi esempi e capirai. Demonstrative Adjectives : I love this book. I dislike that story. ( noun ) ( noun ). but this and that are demonstrative adjectives because they are followed by NOUNS. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5 PAGE 199 Demonstrative Pronouns : • I like this • I dislike that. and this and that are NOT FOLLOWED BY NOUNS therefore they are demonstrative pronouns. this e that non sono seguiti dai sostantivi perciò sono pronomi dimostrativi. EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the proper demonstrative pronoun: Riempi gli spazi con il pronome dimostrativo corretto. Example: __________(the pants over here) are mine. These are mine. 1. __________ (the shirts over there) are ours. 2. __________ (in the distance) is the right playground. 3. __________ (the container I am holding) is the best ice cream in the store. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 200 35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5 4. Are _________ (over there) the worst soccer balls in the gym? 5. Is _________ (away from you) your friend’s house? 6. __________ (close to me) are the best surfboards made. 7. When you are ready, _________ (the table over here) needs cleaning. 8. Does _________ (close to me) seem to be the right answer? 9. Take _________ ( the sneakers over there) with you. 10. How can I deliver __________ (the scooter near me) to you on time? CORRECTED EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the proper demonstrative pronoun: Example: __________(the pants over here) are mine. These are mine. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 35. DETERMINING PRONOUNS 5 PAGE 201 1. Those are ours. 2. That is the right playground. 3. This is the best ice cream in the store. 4. Are those the worst soccer balls in the gym? 5. Is that your friend’s house? 6. These are the best surfboards made. 7. When you are ready, this needs cleaning. 8. Does this seem to be the right answer? 9. Take those with you. 10. How can I deliver this to you on time? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 202 TODAY IS TODAY IS “Now,” said my Grandpa, “we are going to go over something tricky but don’t worry we will go slowly and repeat everything several times if necessary, the same as when you learn a new piece. It is not always easy… but how satisfying to master a composition on the piano ! It is the best reward ! The most important thing is not to be afraid, and even more important, not to be discouraged by obstacles and difficulties….” “Adesso,” ha detto mio nonno, “ripassiamo una cosa un po’ complicata. Ma non ti preoccupare andremo piano e ripeteremo tutto diverse volte se è necessario, proprio come quando impari un nuovo pezzo. Non è sempre facile... ma che soddisfazione quando finalmente riesci ad imparare un pezzo al piano! È il miglior premio! La cosa più importante è non aver paura,e ancora più importante è non essere scoraggiato dagli ostacoli e dalle difficoltà…” …… “Are you ready?… The second category after D of DIPIN is I. I stands for INTERROGATIVE … which means that you usually have a question mark ( ? ). BUT… there is a but for you can have a question which is direct or a question which is indirect. Let me give you two examples and you will understand: “Sei pronto?… La seconda categoria dopo D del DIPIN è I. I è per INTERROGATIVO… che vuol dire che normalmente c’è un punto interrogativo (?). MA... c’è un ma perchè puoi avere una domanda diretta oppure una domanda indiretta. Lascia che ti faccia due esempi e così capirai:” Who came to see Mom? Direct question I don’t know who came to see Mom. Indirect question Domanda diretta Domanda indiretta LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 203 II. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS: PRONOMI INTERROGATIVI An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a question, whether the question is direct or indirect. Un pronome interrogativo si usa per fare una domanda, sia una domanda diretta che una indiretta. DISTINCTION Distinzione We make a distinction between persons and things. Facciamo una distinzione fra persone e cose. “Now here is the hard part. You have to pay attention, be patient and go very slowly. It’s all right if you do not understand at first. I had trouble too when I was little.” “Ecco la parte difficile adesso. Devi fare attenzione,essere paziente ed andare molto piano. Va bene se all’inizio non capisci. Anch’io ho avuto dei problemi quando ero piccolo.” __________________________________________________________ For Persons Who or whom ? Per persone Whose ___________________________________________________________ For Persons and Things Which or Which one (singular) ? and Per persone e cose Which ones (plural) ? ___________________________________________________________ For Things What ? ___________________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 204 TODAY IS Repeat out loud several times and try to learn all the interrogative pronouns by heart. Ripeti ad alta voce diverse volte e prova ad imparare tutti i pronomi interrogativi a memoria. WHO, WHOM, WHOSE WHAT Examples: Persons WHICH, WHICH ONE, WHICH ONES Who came to see you? Whom do you love? Whose bicycle is it? Persons or things Which is hers? Which one came first? Which one (ones) do you like best? Things What is going on? What do you think of this book? With a PREPOSITION…? Con una Preposizione…? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 205 “Sometimes a little word is placed before the interrogative pronoun. This little word is called a preposition. I know it’s getting complicated. “A volte una piccola parola viene messa prima di un pronome interrogativo. Questa piccola parola viene chiamata preposizione. So che stà diventando un po’ complicato.” Let me go slowly. Read the word preposition. Lascia che vada piano. Leggi la parola preposizione. Like the word pronoun ( pro – noun ), it’s made up two words: pre and position ( pre * = before or in front of ). Preposition means that a word is placed before another word. Come la parola pronome (pro-sostantivo) è composta da due parole: pre e posizione (pre* = prima o davanti a). Preposizione vuol dire che una parola viene messa prima di un’altra. * prae in Latin in latino You see how simple it is when you take one step at a time and examine the words closely. If you open a very good dictionary – the type your Grandma and I use – there is a good explanation. That’s why it’s so important to have an excellent dictionary. Vedi quanto è semplice quando fai un passo alla volta ed analizzi le parole. Se apri un buon dizionario - come quello che usiamo tua nonna ed io - trovi una buona spiegazione. Ecco perchè è così importante avere un buonissimo dizionario. PREPOSITION * + INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS Preposizioni* + pronomi interrogativi LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 206 TODAY IS SEE LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS Vedi la lista delle preposizioni più importanti. FOR PERSONS For whom …? Per persone To whom …? FOR PERSONS AND THINGS With which one …? (singular) and Under which ones..? FOR THINGS (plural) On what …? ___________________________________________________________ PREPOSITIONS : Preposizioni: About Near After Of At On Before Over Behind To Between Under By Until For Up LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 207 From With In Without Repeat all the interrogative pronouns out loud and try to learn them by heart: Ripeti tutti i pronomi interrogativi ad alta voce e prova ad impararli a memoria: For whom For which one From whom From which one From which ones From what…? To whom To which one To which ones To what…? With whom With which one With which ones With what…? Examples: For which ones For what …? PERSONS With whom did you practice? PERSONS OR THINGS To which one did you give it? On which one did you sit? THINGS Of what is it made? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 208 TODAY IS TODAY IS EXERCISE Complete the following sentences by replacing the word or words ( in parentheses ) with the proper interrogative pronoun. Completa le seguenti frasi sostituendo la parola o le parole (tra parentesi) con il pronome interrogativo corretto. Remember that some pronouns are used for persons and some are used for things. Ricordati che alcuni pronomi vengono usati per persone e altri vengono usati per cose. Example: __________(The boy) is my brother? Who is my brother? 1. _______________ may I do (something) for you ? 2. ______________ (The girl) was called to the gym ? 3. _______________ did you select (one or several videos) ? 4. _______________ (George) has read today’s homework assignment ? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 209 5. _______________ (The house belonging to my uncle) is for sale ? 6. _______________ (Which person(s)) have you seen since last year ? 7. _______________ (That) was the last winning question ? 8. _______________ (A zookeeper) has to open the cage now ? 9. _______________ will you recite (a poem) ? 10. ______________ (The cap belonging to the police officer) is this ? CORRECTED EXERCISE 1. What may I do for you ? 2. Who was called to the gym ? 3. Which ones did you select? 4. Who has read today’s homework assignment ? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 210 TODAY IS 5. Which one is for sale ? 6. Which one(s) have you seen since last year ? 7. What was the last winning question ? 8. Who has to open the cage now ? 9. What will you recite? 10. Whose is this ? Have you noticed the question mark at the end of each sentence ? Hai notato il punto interrogativo alla fine di ogni frase? You already know three distinct signs of punctuation: Già conosci tre segni di punteggiatura diversi: period . punto question mark ? punto interrogativo exclamation point ! punto esclamativo Go over the exercise one more time . Ripassa gli esercizi una volta in più. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 PAGE 211 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 Sunday night Domenica sera Pumpkin dear , Grandpa certainly made you work, didn’t he? I heard all about it. When your Grandpa was little, discipline was expected and accepted because that was the way it was. Since Grandpa is still tending the garden, I will be free to help with your grammar review. When I was little, my Mother would say, “You have to forget three times so that you can remember.” That’s true for music also. By the way, have you done the exercises your teacher gave you? Remember that even if you do not have enough time to go over your music, always save time for the exercises. I put aside the first Prelude from The Well Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach for you …. I am sure you are going to like it. I look forward to seeing you tomorrow when I will bring all of you a big basket of strawberries. Until then, I am blowing you a big kiss. Catch it quick. Mary Dolce Tesoro, Certo che il nonno ti ha fatto lavorare, non è vero? So già tutto. Quando tuo nonno era piccolo, ci si aspettava e si accettava la disciplina, perchè era semplicemente così. Dato che il nonno lavora ancora in giardino, io sono libera e ti posso aiutare con il ripasso LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 212 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 grammaticale. Quando ero bambina, mia madre mi diceva, “Devi dimenticare tre volte per poter ricordarti.” Questo vale anche per la musica. A proposito, hai fatto gli esercizi che ti ha dato la tua insegnante? Ricordati, anche se non hai abbastanza tempo quando ripassi la musica,lascia sempre tempo per gli esercizi. Ho messo da parte il primo Preludio da The Well Tempered Clavier di Johann Sebastian Bach per te…. Sono sicura che ti piacerà. Non vedo l’ora di vederti. Ti porterò un grande cesto di fragole. Nel frattempo, ti mando un gran bacio. Prendilo subito. Mary Before we start our THIRD GRAMMAR REVIEW, let’s repeat the following numbers together. Don’t forget, we learned that they are also called numeral cardinal adjectives. Prima di cominciare il nostro terzo ripasso grammaticale, ripetiamo i seguenti numeri insieme. Non dimenticare che abbiamo imparato che sono anche chiamati aggettivi cardinali numerali. Please repeat them very carefully and write them down : Per favore, ripetili con molta attenzione e scrivili: forty-one etc. 41 ____________________ forty-two etc. 42 ____________________ fifty 50 ____________________ sixty 60 ____________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 PAGE 213 seventy 70 ____________________ eighty 80 ____________________ ninety 90 ____________________ one hundred 100 ____________________ one hundred one 101 ____________________ one hundred two etc. 102 ____________________ two hundred 200 ____________________ three hundred 300 ____________________ four hundred 400 ____________________ five hundred 500 ____________________ six hundred 600 ____________________ seven hundred 700 ____________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 214 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 eight hundred 800 ____________________ nine hundred 900 ____________________ one thousand 1,000 ____________________ two thousand etc. 2,000 ____________________ five thousand 5,000 ____________________ ten thousand 1 0,000 ____________________ one hundred thousand 100,000 ____________________ one million 1,000,000 ____________________ or ten hundred etc. The cardinal numbers are used in simple counting or in answer to "how many?.” I numeri cardinali sono usati per contare o in risposta alla domanda “Quanti?.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 PAGE 215 In general, the numbers one to nine are written out while larger numbers are given in numerals. In genere, i numeri da uno a nove vengono scritti in lettere mentre i numeri più grandi vengono scritti sotto forma di numeri. If the number occurs at the beginning of the sentence, it should be written out. Se il numero si presenta all’inizio di una frase dovrebbe essere scritto in lettere. Year numbers are always written without commas (1783). I numeri degli anni vengono sempre scritti senza virgola (1783). EXERCISE Write the correct cardinal numeral in the spaces below: Negli spazi sotto scrivi i numeri cardinali: 1. There are __________________ seconds in a minute, __________________ minutes in an hour, __________________ hours in a day, __________________ days in a week, __________________ weeks in a year. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 216 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 2. A deck contains __________________ cards. 3. The American flag has __________________ stripes and __________________ stars. 4. It takes __________________ pennies to make a dollar. 5. There are __________________ pounds in a ton. 5. From the coast of England to the coast of Canada, the Atlantic ocean is about __________________ ( 3,000 ) miles wide. CORRECTED EXERCISE Write the correct cardinal numeral in the spaces below: 1. There are sixty seconds in a minute, sixty minutes in an hour, twenty-four hours in a day, seven days in a week, fifty-two weeks in a year. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 36. LET’S COUNT... 41 TO 1,000,000 PAGE 217 2. A deck contains fifty-two cards. 3. The American flag has thirteen stripes and fifty stars. 4. It takes one hundred pennies to make a dollar. 5. There are two thousand pounds in a ton. 6. From the coast of England to the coast of Canada, the Atlantic ocean is about three thousand ( 3,000 ) miles wide. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 218 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 1. What are the five types of determining adjectives? Quali sono i cinque tipi di aggettivi determinativi? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 2. What are the last two types of determining adjectives you have just learned ? Quali sono gli ultimi due tipi di aggettivi determinativi che hai appena imparato? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 PAGE 219 3. What are the most important indefinite adjectives? ( Cite at least six… the six you know very well ) Quali sono i più importanti aggettivi indefiniti? (Nominane almeno sei.. i sei che conosci molto bene. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4. Underline the indefinite adjectives in the following sentences. Nelle seguenti frasi sottolinea gli aggettivi indefiniti. 1. All men are created equal. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 220 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 2. Mom will tell me another story. 3. Each day I learn something new. 4. Every man for himself. 5. Many hands make light work. 6. I have several animals at home. 7. I have many books about Charlie Brown in my room. 8. Several days a week, I help my Mom with the chores. 9. Did you see all the snow that fell last night? 10. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to bed at 9 o’clock. 11. Every day, I go to school at 8 o’clock except on Saturday and Sunday. 12. Another child in my class is sick today. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 CORRECTION PAGE 221 GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 1. What are the five types of determining adjectives? demontrative adjectives + a NOUN interrogative adjectives + a NOUN possessive adjectives + a NOUN indefinite adjectives + a NOUN numeral (cardinal and ordinal) adjectives + a NOUN 2. What are the last two types of determining adjectives you have just learned ? the indefinite adjectives + a NOUN the numeral adjectives + a NOUN LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 222 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 3. What are the most important indefinite adjectives? ( Cite at least six…. the six you know very well ) all another each every many several 4. Underline the indefinite adjectives in the following sentences. 1. All men are created equal. 2. Mom will tell me another story. 3. Each day I learn something new. 4. Every man for himself. 5. Many hands make light work. 6. I have several animals at home. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 PAGE 223 7. I have many books about Charlie Brown in my room. 8. Several days a week, I help my Mom with the chores. 9. Did you see all the snow that fell last night? 10. Each morning I get up at 7 o’clock and each night I go to bed at 9 o’clock. 11. Every day, I go to school at 8 o’clock except on Saturday and Sunday. 12. Another child in my class is sick today. A SHORT NOTE FOR MY GRANDPA, Un breve messaggio per mio nonno, Grandpa…. I am sleepy tonight ! I rode my bike and played ball with my brother and sister all day. Nonno… ho molto sonno stasera! Sono andato in bicicletta e ho giocato a pallone con mio fratello e mia sorella tutto il giorno. Grandma will be very happy because I think I knew most of the answers to the questions in the Grammar Review. She does not suspect it but I have been going over my lessons very hard these past few days. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 224 37. GRAMMAR REVIEW 3 La nonna sarà molto felice, perchè penso di aver saputo la maggior parte delle risposte alle domande nel ripasso grammaticale. Lei non lo sospetta ma in questi ultimi giorni ho ripassato le mie lezioni diligentemente. Grandpa… when are we going to go over the multiplication tables together? You promised that you would give me another poem too. I think that when I grow up I would like to be a poet like you or maybe a pianist like Grandma…. Would you and Grandma like that? Nonno... quando ripassiamo le tabelline insieme? Mi hai anche promesso un’altra poesia. Penso che quando sarò grande diventerò poeta come te o forse pianista come la nonna.... Vi piacerà questo? Good night, Grandpa ! Give Grandma a big kiss from me. I love you. Buona notte, nonno! Dai un bacio grande alla nonna da parte mia. Ti voglio bene. me PS: Scarlatti caught a mouse today. PS: Scarlatti ha preso un topolino oggi. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW PAGE 225 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW MY SHADOW Robert Louis Stevenson ( 1850 – 1894 ) Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Robert Louis Stevenson was a novelist and poet. His most popular books are Treasure Island, a swashbuckling adventure story of a search for Captain Kidd’s buried treasure, A Child’s Garden of Verses and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a science-fiction thriller. Nato a Edinburgh, Scozia, Robert Louis Stevenson era un novellista e poeta. I suoi libri più conosciuti sono Treaure Island una storia avventurosa alla ricerca del tesoro nascosto del Capitano Kidd. Altri libri sono A Child’s Garden of Verses e The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll e Mr.Hyde, un romanzo di fantascienza. I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 226 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow – Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow; For he sometimes shoots up taller like an india-rubber ball, And he sometimes gets so little that there’s none of him at all. He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, And he can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; I’d think shame to stick to nurse as that shadow sticks to me! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW PAGE 227 One morning, very early, before the sun was up, I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup; But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. I. VOCABULARY STUDY AND GRAMMAR Studio del Vocabolario e della Grammatica 1. Is the vocabulary difficult for you? ___________________________________ Il vocabolario è difficile per te? 2. List the words which seem difficult and open your dictionary. Indica le parole che sono difficili ed apri il tuo dizionario. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 228 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW ___________________________________ 3. Indicate what the underlined words are: Indica quali sono le parole sottolineate: definite or indefinite article demonstrative adjective descriptive adjective possessive adjective noun indefinite adjective verb numeral cardinal adjective Examples: a indefinite article little descriptive adjective the definite article I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, a ___________________________________ little ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW shadow PAGE 229 ___________________________________ And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; the ___________________________________ heels ___________________________________ And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. my ___________________________________ The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow - funniest ___________________________________ likes ___________________________________ to grow ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 230 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow; proper ___________________________________ children ___________________________________ For he sometimes shoots up taller like an india-rubber ball, taller ___________________________________ an ___________________________________ And he sometimes gets so little that there’s none of him at all. gets ___________________________________ He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, hasn’t got ___________________________________ And he can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. make ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW PAGE 231 every ___________________________________ sort ___________________________________ He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; coward ___________________________________ I’d think shame to stick to nurse as that shadow sticks to me ! to stick ___________________________________ that ___________________________________ One morning, very early, before the sun was up, one ___________________________________ was up ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 232 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup; found ___________________________________ every ___________________________________ buttercup ___________________________________ But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, lazy ___________________________________ little ___________________________________ arrant ___________________________________ Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. had stayed ___________________________________ bed ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW QUESTIONS BASED ON THE POEM PAGE 233 Domande basate sulla poesia 1. What is the title of the poem? Qual è il titolo della poesia? ___________________________________________ 2. Who is the author of the poem? Chi è l’autore della poesia? ___________________________________________ 3. How many stanzas are there? Quante strofe ci sono? ___________________________________________ 4. How many lines are there in each stanza? Quanti versi ci sono in ogni strofa? ___________________________________________ 5. What sounds do you notice at the end of the second and fourth lines? Quali suoni riconosci alla fine del secondo e del quarto verso? ___________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 234 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW 6. List all the same sounding nouns at the end of every other line. Example: me and see, etc. Indica tutti i sostantivi che hanno lo stesso suono alla fine di ogni verso alternato. Esempio: me e see, etc… ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 7. How many words are there in the title? Quante parole ci sono nel titolo? (It’s always important to think about the title of a poem or a book in the sense it gives some information or insight to the contents). (È sempre importante pensare al titolo di una poesia o di un libro perchè offre informazioni sul contesto). ___________________________________________ 8. What does the child have? Che cosa ha il bambino? ___________________________________________ 9. What does the little shadow do? Che cosa fa la piccola ombra? ___________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW PAGE 235 10. Describe the little shadow: Descrivi la piccola ombra: ___________________________________________ 11. Is the little shadow a boy or a girl? La piccola ombra è un ragazzo o una ragazza? ___________________________________________ 12. How do you know that the little shadow is a boy? Please note all the author’s references. Come sai che la piccola ombra è un ragazzo? Per favore prendi in considerazione tutti i riferimenti dell’autore. ___________________________________________ 13. Whom does the little shadow resemble? A chi assomiglia la piccola ombra? ___________________________________________ 14. What is the funniest thing about the shadow? Qual è la cosa più buffa dell’ombra? ___________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 236 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW 15. Try to describe the shadow’s behavior. Prova a descrivere il comportamento dell’ombra. ___________________________________________ 16. Does the shadow know how children play? L’ombra sa come giocano i bambini? ___________________________________________ 17. Why does the poet say that the shadow is a coward? Perchè il poeta dice che l’ombra è una vigliacca? ___________________________________________ 18. What did the child find “one morning, very early, before the sun was up…?” Cosa ha trovato il bambino: “one morning, very early, before the sun was up….?” ___________________________________________ 19.Where was the shadow when the little child “rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup…?” Dov’era l’ombra quando il piccolo bambino: “rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup …….?” ___________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW PAGE 237 20. Why did the shadow stay behind, “fast asleep in bed?” Perchè l’ombra è rimasta indietro:”…….fast asleep in bed?”. ___________________________________________ ANSWERS TO VOCABULARY STUDY AND GRAMMAR Risposte allo Studio del Vocabolario e della Grammatica 1. Is the vocabulary difficult for you? ___________________________________ 2. List the words which seem difficult and open your dictionary. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 238 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW 3. Indicate what the underlined words are: definite or indefinite article demonstrative adjective descriptive adjective possessive adjective noun indefinite adjective verb numeral cardinal adjective Examples: a indefinite article little descriptive adjective the definite article I have a little shadow that goes in and out with me, a indefinite article little descriptive_adjective shadow noun And what can be the use of him is more than I can see. He is very, very like me from the heels up to the head; the definite article heels noun And I see him jump before me, when I jump into my bed. my possessive adjective The funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow funniest descriptive adjective likes verb LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW to grow PAGE 239 verb Not at all like proper children, which is always very slow; proper descriptive adjective children noun For he sometimes shoots up taller like an india-rubber ball, taller descriptive adjective an indefinite article And he sometimes gets so little that there’s none of him at all. gets verb He hasn’t got a notion of how children ought to play, hasn’t got verb And he can only make a fool of me in every sort of way. make verb every indefinite adjective sort noun He stays so close beside me, he’s a coward you can see; coward noun I’d think shame to stick to nurse as that shadow sticks to me ! to stick verb that demonstrative adjective One morning, very early, before the sun was up, one indefinite adjective LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 240 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW was up verb I rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup; found verb every indefinite adjective buttercup noun But my lazy little shadow, like an arrant sleepy-head, lazy descriptive adjective little descriptive adjective arrant descriptive adjective Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed. had stayed verb bed noun ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS BASED ON THE POEM Risposte alle domande basate sulla poesia 1. What is the title of the poem? The title of the poem is “My Shadow.” 2. Who is the author of the poem? The author is Robert Louis Stevenson. 3. How many stanzas are there? There are four stanzas. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW PAGE 241 4. How many lines are there in each stanza? There are eight lines in each stanza. 5. What sounds do you notice at the end of the second and fourth lines? The sounds rhyme at the end of the second and fourth lines. 6. List all the same sounding nouns at the end of every other line. Example: me and see, etc. me - see head – bed grow – slow ball – all play – way see – me up – buttercup head - bed 7. How many words are there in the title? (Is the title of the poem fitting? Does it give you a good idea of what the poem is about?) The title has two words: my and shadow. (It is a good title. The poem is about a shadow. Whose shadow? It is the shadow of the person speaking, the author). 8. What does the child have? The child has, “a little shadow.” 9. What does the little shadow do? The little shadow goes in and out with the child. 10. Describe the little shadow: The little shadow is like the little child, “from the heels up to the head.” 11. Is the little shadow a boy or a girl? The little shadow is a boy. 12. How do you know that the little shadow is a boy? Please note all the author’s references. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 242 38. POETRY : MY SHADOW The author always calls the shadow “he” or “him.” 13. What does the shadow do when the child jumps into his bed ? The shadow jumps into bed before he child. 14. What is the funniest thing about the shadow? The funniest thing about the shadow is the way he likes to grow. 15. Try to describe the shadow’s behavior? The shadow grows quickly. Sometimes the shadow shoots up tall, like a ball. Sometimes he’s “so little that there’s none of him at all.” 16. Does the shadow know how children play? No, the shadow does not know how children play. He tries to “make a fool of the child in every sort of way.” 17. Why does the poet say that the shadow is a coward? The author says that the shadow is a coward because he sticks so close to him. 18. What did the child find “one morning, very early, before the sun was up…?” The child found “shining dew on every buttercup.” 19. Where was the shadow when the little child “rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup…?” The shadow had stayed at home. 20. Why did the shadow stay behind, “fast asleep in bed?” The shadow is still asleep because it is very early and the sun is not up yet. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 39. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION PAGE 243 39. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION MY MULTIPLICATION TABLES Grandma once said: “Pumpkin… you will soon discover, all by yourself, how valuable it is to know the multiplication tables by heart. Even though many of your little friends already have calculators or computers, nothing can replace good mental arithmetic. And … when your Mom or Dad ask you to go out on errands, you will always come home with the correct change.” La nonna una volta disse: “Tesoro..presto, da solo, scoprirai quanto vale sapere le tabelline a memoria. Anche se molti dei tuoi piccoli amici hanno già delle calcolatrici o dei computer, niente può prendere il posto della buona aritmetica mentale. E… quando la tua mamma o il tuo papà ti chiederanno di uscire a fare la spesa tornerai sempre con il resto giusto.” 7x 0= 0 8x 0= 0 9x 0= 0 7x 1= 7 8x 1= 8 9x 1= 9 7 x 2 = 14 8 x 2 = 16 9 x 2 = 18 7 x 3 = 21 8 x 3 = 24 9 x 3 = 27 7 x 4 = 28 8 x 4 = 32 9 x 4 = 36 7 x 5 = 35 8 x 5 = 40 9 x 5 = 45 7 x 6 = 42 8 x 6 = 48 9 x 6 = 54 7 x 7 = 49 8 x 7 = 56 9 x 7 = 63 7 x 8 = 56 8 x 8 = 64 9 x 8 = 72 7 x 9 = 63 8 x 9 = 72 9 x 9 = 81 7 x 10 = 70 8 x 10 = 80 9 x 10 = 90 7 x 11 = 77 8 x 11 = 88 9 x 11 = 99 7 x 12 = 84 8 x 12 = 96 9 x 12 = 108 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 244 39. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION 10 x 0 = 0 11 x 0 = 0 12 x 0 = 0 10 x 1 = 10 11 x 1 = 11 12 x 1 = 12 10 x 2 = 20 11 x 2 = 22 12 x 2 = 24 10 x 3 = 30 11 x 3 = 33 12 x 3 = 36 10 x 4 = 40 11 x 4 = 44 12 x 4 = 48 10 x 5 = 50 11 x 5 = 55 12 x 5 = 60 10 x 6 = 60 11 x 6 = 66 12 x 6 = 72 10 x 7 = 70 11 x 7 = 77 12 x 7 = 84 10 x 8 = 80 11 x 8 = 88 12 x 8 = 96 10 x 9 = 90 11 x 9 = 99 12 x 9 = 108 10 x 10 = 100 11 x 10 = 110 12 x 10 = 120 10 x 11 = 110 11 x 11 = 121 12 x 11 = 132 10 x 12 = 120 11 x 12 = 132 12 x 12 = 144 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 39. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION PAGE 245 EXERCISE 7 x 0 = ____________ 8 x 0 = ____________ 9 x 0 = ____________ 7 x 1 = ____________ 8 x 1 = ____________ 9 x 1 = ____________ 7 x 2 = ____________ 8 x 2 = ____________ 9 x 2 = ____________ 7 x 3 = ____________ 8 x 3 = ____________ 9 x 3 = ____________ 7 x 4 = ____________ 8 x 4 = ____________ 9 x 4 = ____________ 7 x 5 = ____________ 8 x 5 = ____________ 9 x 5 = ____________ 7 x 6 = ____________ 8 x 6 = ____________ 9 x 6 = ____________ 7 x 7 = ____________ 8 x 7 = ____________ 9 x 7 = ____________ 7 x 8 = ____________ 8 x 8 = ____________ 9 x 8 = ____________ 7 x 9 = ____________ 8 x 9 = ____________ 9 x 9 = ____________ 7 x 10 = ____________ 8 x 10 = ____________ 9 x 10 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 246 39. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION 7 x 11 = ____________ 8 x 11 = ____________ 9 x 11 = ____________ 7 x 12 = ____________ 8 x 12 = ____________ 9 x 12 = ____________ EXERCISE 10 x 0 = ____________ 11 x 0 = ____________ 12 x 0 = ____________ 10 x 1 = ____________ 11 x 1 = ____________ 12 x 1 = ____________ 10 x 2 = ____________ 11 x 2 = ____________ 12 x 2 = ____________ 10 x 3 = ____________ 11 x 3 = ____________ 12 x 3 = ____________ 10 x 4 = ____________ 11 x 4 = ____________ 12 x 4 = ____________ 10 x 5 = ____________ 11 x 5 = ____________ 12 x 5 = ____________ 10 x 6 = ____________ 11 x 6 = ____________ 12 x 6 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 39. NUMBERS – MORE MULTIPLICATION PAGE 247 10 x 7 = ____________ 11 x 7 = ____________ 12 x 7 = ____________ 10 x 8 = ____________ 11 x 8 = ____________ 12 x 8 = ____________ 10 x 9 = ____________ 11 x 9 = ____________ 12 x 9 = ____________ 10 x 10 = ____________ 11 x 10 = ____________ 12 x 10 = ____________ 10 x 11 = ____________ 11 x 11 = ____________ 12 x 11 = ____________ 10 x 12 = ____________ 11 x 12 = ____________ 12 x 12 = ____________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 248 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS “As your Grandma was saying this morning: “You are doing very well. You have every reason to be quite pleased.” “I am going to tell you something very important before we finish our Determining Pronouns.” Come diceva tua nonna stamattina: “Stai facendo molto bene. Hai tutte le ragioni per essere contento.” “Ti dirò una cosa molto importante prima che finiamo i nostri Pronomi Determinativi.” “In life, and especially concerning your studies in general, self - confidence is essential.” “Nella vita, e specialmente in relazione ai tuoi studi in generale, l’autostima è essenziale.” Do you know what that means? It means that if you apply yourself and if you know how to ask for help when you don’t understand, nothing is impossible. Do you remember the book you read, You can do it, Charlie Brown ? … He did do it! My Dad used to say: “Where there is a will, there is a way.” … Never think that there is something you cannot do. Simply take your time. Sometimes, it requires courage and perseverance. Sometimes, you will have to say no to your friends who want you to play with them. But think of the reward and the joy, the joy of a job well done.” Sai cosa vuol dire? Vuol dire che se t’impegni e sai chiedere aiuto quando non capisci, niente è impossibile. Ti ricordi il libro che hai letto intitolato, You Can do it,Charlie Brown…? Lui l’ha fatto! Mio papà diceva: “Volere è potere.” …. Non pensare mai che c’è qualcosa che non puoi fare. Devi solo prendere il tuo tempo piano piano. A volte ci vuole coraggio e perseveranza, a volte dovrai dire no ai tuoi amici quando vogliono giocare con te. Ma pensa al risultato, alla gioia, la gioia di un lavoro ben fatto. Now, I think we have three more categories of Determining pronouns: Allora, penso che ci sono tre categorie di pronomi determinativi da studiare: LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS DIPIN: pronouns. PAGE 249 You studied the Demonstrative pronouns and the Interrogative Hai studiato i Pronomi Dimostrativi e i Pronomi Interrogativi. 1. Possessive pronouns pronomi possessivi 2. Indefinite pronouns pronomi indefiniti 3. Numeral pronouns pronomi numerali QUICK REVIEW: Breve ripasso: DIPIN for both per entrambi Determining Adjectives Determining Pronouns Aggettivi determinativi Pronomi determinativi + NOUN NO NOUN Demonstrative adjectives Demonstrative pronouns Interrogative adjectives Interrogative pronouns Possessives adjectives Possessive pronouns Indefinite adjectives Indefinite pronouns Numeral adjectives Numeral pronouns LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 250 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS PRONOMINI POSSESSIVI A possessive pronoun indicates the thing possessed and at the same time the possessor. Un pronome possessivo indica la cosa posseduta e allo stesso tempo il possessore. COMPARE CONFRONTA POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS + NOUN NO NOUN Singular Plural Singular Plural 1. my our 1. mine ours 2. your your 2. yours yours 3. his their 3. his theirs* her hers its its Note: 1, 2, 3 indicate the persons. Nota: 1,2,3 indicano persone Do not confuse: their, there (adverb) and they’re ( they are ). Non confondere: their, there (avverbio) and they’re (they are). LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS PAGE 251 Examples: He does not write in his book but he writes in hers. ( possessive adjective ) ( possessive pronoun ) My room is bigger than yours. ( possessive adjective ) ( possessive pronoun ) Their ideas are not as good as ours. ( possessive adjective ) ( possessive pronoun ) Our dogs are beautiful : mine is a setter and hers a Jack Russell. ( possessive adjective ) ( possessive pronouns ) EXERCISE Replace the possessive adjective(s) and noun(s) by the proper possessive pronoun. Sostituisci l’aggettivo possessivo e il sostantivo con il pronome possessivo corretto. Example: The children sold their old toys at the yard sale. The children sold theirs at the yard sale. 1.My lunch box is red. What color is your lunch box? __________ is red. What color is _________? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 252 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS 2. Our puppy won a prize at the pet show. __________ won a prize at the pet show. 3. She lent me her umbrella last night. She lent me _________ last night. 4. We ate their sandwiches at the picnic. We ate _________ at the picnic. 5. He brought your books back to the library this morning. He brought _________ back to the library this morning. 6. Would you please take her bags to the car? Would you please take __________ back to the car? 7.When will we see his new video? When will we see __________? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS PAGE 253 8. We could not wait to buy our tickets. We could not wait to buy _________ . 9. Do you have your gloves? I lost my gloves. Do you have __________ ? I lost ___________. 10. Where did he put his wallet? Where did he put _________ ? CORRECTED EXERCISE Replace the possessive adjective(s) and noun(s) by the proper possessive pronoun. Example: The children sold their old toys at the yard sale. The children sold theirs at the yard sale. 1.My lunch box is red. What color is your lunch box? Mine is red. What color is yours? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 254 40. MORE DETERMINING PRONOUNS 2. Our puppy won a prize at the pet show. Ours won a prize at the pet show. 3. She lent me her umbrella last night. She lent me hers last night. 4. We ate their sandwiches at the picnic. We ate theirs at the picnic. 5. He brought your books back to the library this morning. He brought yours back to the library this morning. 6. Would you please take her bags to the car? Would you please take hers back to the car? 7.When will we see his new video? When will we see his? 8. We could not wait to buy our tickets. We could not wait to buy ours. 9. Do you have your gloves? I lost my gloves. Do you have yours? I lost mine. 10. Where did he put his wallet? Where did he put his? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN PAGE 255 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN MY GRANDPA’S GARDEN “Grandpa… would you please give my spell check to Grandma? She will like that. I showed it to Mom and Dad and they said that Grandma would be very proud of me.” “Nonno... puoi dare per favore la mia lista di parole alla nonna? A lei piacerà. L’ho fatta vedere alla mamma e al papà e hanno detto che la nonna sarà molto fiera di me.” My Grandpa’s Garden Il Giardino del mio nonno Name what you saw in your Grandpa’s garden and recopy all the words : Nomina tutto quello che hai visto nel giardino del nonno e riscrivi tutte le parole: vegetable garden ______________________________ fence ______________________________ gate ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 256 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN wire mesh screening ______________________________ cold frame ______________________________ a hotbed ______________________________ (I didn’t know the difference between a cold frame and a hotbed. Grandpa said that a hotbed is a cold frame covered with windows. Sometimes there are heating wires to heat young seeds because Grandpa starts his lettuce and tomato plants in his hotbed.) ( Non sapevo la differenza fra una serra e un letto caldo. Il nonno ha detto che un letto caldo è una serra fatta con finestre.A volte ci sono dei fili scaldati per riscaldare i semi perchè il nonno ha coltivato le piante di lattuga e di pomodori nella sua serra.) greenhouse ______________________________ garden tools ______________________________ spade ______________________________ shovel ______________________________ hoe ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN trowel ______________________________ pitchfork ______________________________ wheelborrow ______________________________ pail ______________________________ watering can ______________________________ garden hose ______________________________ nozzle ______________________________ spigot ______________________________ scarecrow ______________________________ sprinkler ______________________________ tractor ______________________________ PAGE 257 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 258 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN tiller ______________________________ flower bed ______________________________ tomato plants ______________________________ lettuce ______________________________ radishes ______________________________ potato patch ______________________________ peppers ______________________________ cucumbers ______________________________ squash ______________________________ carrots ______________________________ string beans ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN peas ______________________________ turnips ______________________________ cabbage ______________________________ onions ______________________________ garlic ______________________________ herbs ______________________________ parsley ______________________________ sage ______________________________ rosemary ______________________________ thyme ______________________________ tarragon ______________________________ PAGE 259 LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 260 41. SPELL CHECK : GRANDPA’S GARDEN plant ______________________________ weed ______________________________ harvest ______________________________ bugs ______________________________ strawberries ______________________________ raspberries ______________________________ blueberries ______________________________ currants ______________________________ rhubarb ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 261 TODAY IS Today, we will cover the fourth category of determining pronouns ( DIPIN ). Oggi studieremo la quarta categoria dei pronomi determinativi (DIPIN). INDEFINITE PRONOUNS PRONOMI INDEFINITI These pronouns are called indefinite because they do not refer to any definite or specific person, place or thing. Questi pronomi vengono chiamati indefiniti perchè non si riferiscono ad una specifica persona, luogo o cosa. Example: Others will come after these are gone. We don’t know whether “others” refers to some (any) persons or things. For this reason, it is called an indefinite pronoun. Non sappiamo se “others” (“Altre”) si riferisce ad alcune persone o cose. Per questa ragione viene chiamato pronome indefinito. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 262 TODAY IS COMPARE Several lessons remain to be done. several + NOUN alcune + SOSTANTIVO = but ma = indefinite adjective aggettivo indefinito Several remain to be done. Ne sono rimaste altre ancora da fare. several and NO NOUN = alcune e NESSUN SOSTANTIVO = indefinite pronoun pronome indefinito. Here are some of the commonly used indefinite pronouns. Ecco alcuni dei pronomi indefiniti più comuni. all All for one… another Another is ready. any Do you know any? anybody Anybody can do it. both Both are mine. each one Each one shall take a number. everyone Everyone for himself. everything Everything is fine. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 263 few Few will be chosen. many Many will be called. no one No one told me. nothing I know nothing. one One is enough. others They have tried others. some Here are some. something Something is the matter. Try to learn at least two indefinite pronouns by heart every day: Prova ad imparare almeno due pronomi indefiniti a memoria ogni giorno: all another few many any anybody no one nothing both each one one others everyone everything some something LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 264 TODAY IS TODAY IS The last category of Determining Pronouns: L’ultima categoria dei Pronomi Determinativi: NUMERAL PRONOUNS PRONOMI NUMERALI A numeral pronoun is like a numeral cardinal adjective WITHOUT the NOUN Un pronome numerale è come un aggettivo numerale cardinale SENZA il SOSTANTIVO. One, two, three, four, five… ten, twenty, thirty… COMPARE: Examples: I have two Grandpas ( cardinal numeral adjective: there is a NOUN) (aggettivo numerale cardinale: c’è un SOSTANTIVO) but ma I have two. (numeral pronoun – NO NOUN ) but ma This two looks more like a three. Two and three are NOUNS preceded by a demonstrative adjective ( This ) and an indefinite article ( a ) . Due e tre sono SOSTANTIVI che seguono l’aggettivo dimostrativo (This) e l’articolo indefinito (a). LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 42. READING: JULES VERNE PAGE 265 42. READING: JULES VERNE JULES VERNE Jules Verne is a famous French writer who was born in 1828 and died in 1905, after having written more than sixty books. His works are about marvelous travels around the world , under the oceans and to the moon. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, From the Earth to the Moon and Around the World In Eighty Days are the most widely read of his books. Jules Verne è un famoso scrittore francese. È nato nel 1828 ed è morto nel 1905 dopo aver scritto più di sessanta libri. I suoi lavori parlano di meravigliosi viaggi nel mondo,sotto l’oceano e sulla luna. I suoi libri più conosciuti sono 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, From the Earth to the Moon e Around the World in Eighty days. Read the following passage and analyse the underlined words. Leggi il seguente brano e analizza le parole sottolineate. “Phileas Fogg had won his wager, and had made his journey around the world in eighty days. To do this he had employed every means of conveyance – steamers, railways, carriages, yachts, trading-vessels, sledges, elephants. The eccentric gentleman had throughout displayed all his marvellous qualities of coolness and exactitude. But what then? What had he really gained by all this trouble? What had he brought back from this long and weary journey? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 266 42. READING: JULES VERNE Nothing, say you? Perhaps so; nothing but a charming woman, who, strange as it may appear, made him the happiest of men! Truly, would you not for less than that make the tour around the world? From WORD ANALYSIS Around The World In Eighty Days 1873 ANALISI DI PAROLE Phileas Fogg ________________________________________ his wager ________________________________________ had made ________________________________________ the world ________________________________________ eighty days. ________________________________________ To do this ________________________________________ he had employed ________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 42. READING: JULES VERNE PAGE 267 every means ________________________________________ of conveyance ________________________________________ the eccentric gentleman ________________________________________ all ________________________________________ his marvelous qualities ________________________________________ all this trouble ________________________________________ What had he brought back________________________________________ as it may appear ________________________________________ the happiest of men! ________________________________________ Truly, would you ________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 268 42. READING: JULES VERNE CORRECTED WORD ANALYSIS correzione dell’ Analisi di Parole Phileas Fogg proper noun his wager possessive adjective had made verb the world definite article eighty days. numeral adjective To do this demonstrative pronoun he had employed personal pronoun every means indefinite adjective of conveyance noun the eccentric gentleman descriptive adjective LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 42. READING: JULES VERNE PAGE 269 all indefinite adjective his marvelous qualities descriptive adjective all this trouble demonstrative adjective What had he brought back interrogative pronoun as it may appear personal pronoun the happiest of men! descriptive adjective Truly, would you personal pronoun LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 270 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS “Now that you know DIPIN very well, which means you already know a lot about determining adjectives and pronouns, there are two other very important categories of pronouns. We will go slowly for if you master these two types of pronouns, you will be a very bright pupil and student later on.” “Adesso conosci molto bene DIPIN e questo vuol dire che sai già molto sugli aggettivi determinativi e sui pronomi. Ci sono ancora altre due categorie molto importanti di pronomi. Andremo piano perchè se riesci ad imparare questi due tipi di pronomi, poi sarai uno studente veramente ben preparato.” THE FIRST CATEGORY IS THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS. “You have already seen them but I did not elaborate when they first appeared so that you would not be confused.” “La prima categoria è quella dei Pronomi Personali. Li hai già visti ma io non li ho approfonditi quando sono apparsi la prima volta per non confonderti.” THE SECOND CATEGORY – AND IT IS THE LAST ONE AS FAR AS PRONOUNS ARE CONCERNED - IS THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS.” “La seconda categoria - e l’ultima per quanto riguarda i pronomi - sono I Pronomi Relativi.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PERSONAL PRONOUNS: PAGE 271 THREE IMPORTANT CATEGORIES: Tre categorie importanti: PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT [ S ] Pronome Personale Soggetto [s] PERSONAL PRONOUN OBJECTS [ 0 ] Pronome Personale Oggetto [O] REFLEXIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS [ R ] Pronome Personale Riflessivo [R} And, of course, you already know that there are three persons for the singular and three persons for the plural. E certo, sai già che ci sono tre persone per il singolare e tre persone per il plurale. 1st person singular I 1st person plural 2nd person singular you 2nd person plural you 3rd person singular he (masculine) 3rd person plural they we she (feminine) it (neutral) LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 272 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS CHART Tabella Singular 1 2 Plural 3 1 2 3 ________________________________________________________________ PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT [S] Pronomi Personali Soggetto[S] [S] I you he we you they she it _________________________________________________________________ PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT [O] Pronomi Personali Oggetto [O] me you him us you them her it _________________________________________________________________ REFLEXIVE PERSONAL PRONOUNS [R] Pronomi Personali Riflessivi [R] [R] myself yourself himself ourselves yourselves themselves herself itself LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PAGE 273 “For the time being,” my Grandpa said, “just learn how to recognize all the personal pronouns for, in the not too distant future, we will be studying something absolutely fascinating called syntax . Your Grandma and Mom are very good at syntax. Before I forget, remember also that there are two other personal pronouns which you will meet in your reading pieces. They are the following:” Mio nonno ha detto “Per adesso, basta imparare a riconoscere tutti i pronomi personali, perchè in un futuro non lontano, studieremo una cosa assolutamente interessante, chiamata la sintassi. Tua nonna e tua mamma sono molto brave nella sintassi. Prima che mi dimentichi, ricordati che ci sono anche altri due pronomi personali che conoscerai nei brani che leggerai. Sono i seguenti:” RECIPROCAL PERSONAL PRONOUNS each other Pronomi personali reciproci is used when you have two persons. Viene usato quando ci sono due persone. one another is used when you have more than two persons. Viene usato quando ci sono più di due persone. “You see, it’s simple but many forget these two reciprocal personal pronouns. I’ll give you 10 examples and since you will be studying syntax – that fascinating word again - I will ask you to identify all the personal pronouns with their proper persons in the following text.” “Vedi, è facile ma molti si dimenticano di questi due pronomi personali reciproci. Ti farò 10 esempi e dato che tu studierai la sintassi-di nuovo, quella cosa interessante - ti chiederò di sostituire i soggetti presenti nelle seguenti frasi con i rispettivi pronomi personali.” LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 274 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS EXERCISES I. PERSONAL PRONOUNS In the following sentences, follow the example and use the proper personal pronoun: Nelle seguenti frasi,usa il pronome personale corretto seguendo l’esempio: Example: Michelle and her brother spent the afternoon at my house. They spent the afternoon at my house. 1. Chris and I went on the class trip. _______________________________________________________ 2. You and the rest of the class will be served in a few minutes. _______________________________________________________ 3. Will Gloria play the violin tomorrow? _______________________________________________________ 4. Pat, Juan and I asked for more chili. _______________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PAGE 275 5. The coach and the team left this morning. _______________________________________________________ 6. My cousin, Tom, sent me a birthday e-mail. _______________________________________________________ 7. This red jacket was left on the bus. _______________________________________________________ 8. Has David arrived yet? _______________________________________________________ 9. The marching band members will play at the rally. _______________________________________________________ 10. The package should arrive tomorrow. _______________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 276 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS II. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT 1. Pass the bread to your left, please. _______________________________________________________ 2. Maria put the vase of flowers on the table. _______________________________________________________ 3. Aunt Carol sent my sister a Christmas present. _______________________________________________________ 4. Everyone cheered Jenny when she hit a homerun. _______________________________________________________ 5. We saw the same three girls at the mall last Saturday. _______________________________________________________ 6. Jeff caught the ball in left field. _______________________________________________________ 7. Will you ask Alice to help? _______________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PAGE 277 8. Did he tell you and Bill to repair the bicycle tires? _______________________________________________________ 9. The other players expect you and him to come to practice. _______________________________________________________ 10. I am driving Uncle Paul to the Doctor’s this afternoon. _______________________________________________________ III. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION A review of some of the most important prepositions : Un ripasso delle preposizioni più importanti: Above, from, after, in, on, against, through, at, before, under, behind, to, upon, by, for, without 1. It’s a good book about pirates and sailors. _______________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 278 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 2. I know that I can always count on my Grandma. _______________________________________________________ 3. We cannot go to the beach without your brother. _______________________________________________________ 4. Don’t lean against that wall. _______________________________________________________ 5. Stay behind your Dad who will show you the way. _______________________________________________________ 6. I did it for you and your friend. _______________________________________________________ 7. Work on your lessons every day. _______________________________________________________ 8. I take after my great grandfather, says my Dad. _______________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 43. PERSONAL PRONOUNS PAGE 279 9. Think of your sister and me. _______________________________________________________ 10. The toys are from Uncle John and the games from Aunt Jane. _______________________________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 280 TODAY IS TODAY IS CORRECTED EXERCISES I. PERSONAL PRONOUNS SUBJECT In the following sentences, follow the example and use the proper personal pronoun: Example: house. Michelle and her brother spent the afternoon at my They spent the afternoon at my house. 1. Chris and I went on the class trip. We went on the class trip. 2. You and the rest of the class will be served in a few minutes. You will be served in a few minutes. 3. Will Gloria play the violin tomorrow? Will she play the violin tomorrow? 4. Pat, Juan and I asked for more chili. We asked for more chili. 5. The coach and the team drove away this morning. They drove away this morning. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 281 6. My cousin, Tom, sent me a birthday e-mail. He sent me a birthday e-mail. 7. This red jacket was left on the bus. It was left on the bus. 8. Has David arrived yet? Has he arrived yet? 9. The marching band members will play at the rally. They will play at the rally. 10. The package should be delivered tomorrow. It should be delivered tomorrow. II. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT 1. Pass the bread to your left, please. Pass it to your left, please. 2. Maria, put the vase of flowers on the table. Maria, put it on the table. 3. Aunt Carol sent my sister a Christmas present. Aunt Carol sent it to my sisters. 4. Everyone cheered Jenny when she hit a home run. Everyone cheered her when she hit a home run. 5. We saw the same three girls at the mall last Saturday. We saw them at the mall last Saturday. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 282 TODAY IS 6. Jeff caught the ball in left field. Jeff caught it in left field. 7. Will you ask Alice to help? Will you ask her to help? 8. Did he tell you and Bill to repair the bicycle tires? Did he ask you to repair the bicycle tires? 9. The other players expect you and him to come to practice. The other players expect you to come to practice. 10. I am driving Uncle Paul to the Doctor’s this afternoon. I am driving him to the Doctor’s this afternoon. III. PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION A REVIEW OF SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS : Above, after, from, in, on, against, at, before, behind, by, through, under, to, upon, without for, 1. It’s a good book about pirates and sailors. It’s a good book about them. 2. I know that I can always count on my Grandma. I know that I can always count on her. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 283 3. We cannot go to the beach without your brother. We cannot go to the beach without him. 4. Don’t lean against that wall. Don’t lean against it. 5. Stay behind your Dad. Stay behind him. 6. I did it for you and your friend. I did it for you. 7. Work on your lessons every day. Work on them every day. 8. I take after my great grandfather, says my Dad. I take after him, says my Dad. 9. Think of your sister and me. Think of us. 10. The toys are from Uncle John and the games from Aunt Jane. The toys are from him and the games from her. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 284 44. RELATIVE PRONOUNS 44. RELATIVE PRONOUNS My Grandma told me a secret: “I know that your Grandpa is so proud of what you’ve been doing lately. It’s not always easy but you have been assiduous and persevering. Those Pumpkin. Keep up the good work !” Mia nonna mi ha svelato un segreto:“ So che tuo nonno è così orgoglioso del tuo lavoro ultimamente. Non è sempre facile ma sei stato assiduo e perseverante. Queste sono le qualità di cui hai bisogno per avere successo nella vita. Ti voglio bene, tesoro. Continua il buon lavoro!” “Now,” I said to myself, “I am going to go over the Relative Pronouns all by myself.” I wanted to use some of the reflexive pronouns Grandpa taught me. “I’ll do it for myself by myself.” Ho detto a me stesso,”Allora ripasserò i pronomi relativi tutto da solo”. Volevo usare alcuni dei pronomi riflessivi che il nonno mi aveva insegnato.“Lo farò per me stesso, da solo”. “ Now, that’s too much. Pumpkin is exaggerating. Enough…!” would add Grandma ! “Adesso è troppo. Il mio tesoro sta esagerando. Basta..!” aggiungerebbe la nonna! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 44. RELATIVE PRONOUNS PAGE 285 I. RELATIVE PRONOUNS Pronomi relativi A relative pronoun is a pronoun which establishes a relationship between two clauses. Un pronome relativo è un pronome che stabilisce un rapporto fra due proposizioni. I know a young girl whose father is a cosmonaut. In this example, we have two very important elements, two clauses. In questo esempio, abbiamo due elementi molto importanti, due proposizioni. 1. I know a young girl. 2. Her father is a cosmonaut. In a conversation, it would be boring to repeat these clauses. That is why we use words called relative pronouns in order to link two clauses together. In una conversazione, sarebbe noioso ripetere queste frasi. Ecco perchè usiamo parole che si chiamano pronomi relativi per unire due proposizioni. You have two clauses because you have two verbs: Ci sono due proposizioni perchè ci sono due verbi: (I) know ( Her father )is All the relative pronouns ( relative = relationship ) are used for the sole purpose of establishing links. Tutti i pronomi relativi (relativo = rapporto) vengono usati specificamente per stabilire l’unione. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 286 44. RELATIVE PRONOUNS THE MOST COMMON RELATIVE PRONOUNS ARE: I pronomi relativi più comuni sono: who, which, what and that. USAGE Uso WHO, WHOSE and WHOM are used when referring to PERSONS. Who, whose e whom vengono usati quando si riferiscono a persone. WHICH and OF WHICH ( WHOSE ) are used when referring to A THING. Which e of which (whose) vengono usati quando si riferiscono ad una cosa. THAT and WHOSE are used when referring to PERSONS, ANIMALS, or THINGS. That e whose vengono usati quando si riferiscono a persone, animali o cose. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 44. RELATIVE PRONOUNS PAGE 287 CHART _________________________________________________________________ SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE _________________________________________________________________ Persons Persone WHO WHOM WHOSE _________________________________________________________________ Things Cose WHICH WHICH OF WHICH ________________________________________________________________ Persons or Animals or Things THAT THAT WHOSE ________________________________________________________________ To be recopied carefully. Deve essere ricopiato attentamente. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 288 TODAY IS TODAY IS EXERCISES I. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun. Completa le seguenti frasi usando un pronome relativo. 1. Thomas Jefferson, ___________ became the third president of the United States, was one of the signers of the Constitution. 2. New cars ____________ run on electric power have been designed to lessen pollution. 3. The snowstorm ____________ has blanketed the Midwest is expected to arrive tomorrow morning. 4. The dolphins ___________ are being trained for a new act are fed twice a day. 5. It was Ponce de Leon ___________ discovered Florida. 6. Where is the Captain of the bobsled team ____________ has been chosen to speak at the award dinner? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 289 7. This story contains at least three sentences ___________ make no sense at all. 8. Did you watch our mayor ______________ was on television last night? 9. Is this the dessert __________ you have chosen? 10. Can you find the girl ___________ borrowed my pen? II. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun object. Completa le seguenti frasi usando un pronome relativo oggetto. 1. Mom, Tony hid all the puzzle pieces ____________ we put away last night. 2. Have you listened to the CDs ____________ he lent us? 3. I have just located my car keys ____________ I had left on the table. 4. Can you name the five active space shuttles ____________ NASA has launched since 1981? 5. The man ____________ he mentioned is my older brother. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 290 TODAY IS 6. Our club was deprived of the money ____________ we earned. 7. The patient ____________ the medics revived is still on the critical list. 8. An uncle ____________ I have not seen in ages sent me an e-mail . 9. John Glenn, ____________ we applauded as the first American in orbit, was later elected senator from Ohio. 10. My cousin Harry, _____________ we like very much, is coming for a long visit. II. Complete the following sentences by using the relative pronoun ( Possessive case ) with the preposition “of ”. Completa le seguenti frasi usando il pronome relativo (caso possessivo) con la preposizione “Of” (di). 1. The little girl, ____________ mother is a doctor, just won the spelling bee. 2. The owners ____________ dogs are not on a leash will be fined. 3. ill those children ____________ bikes need inspection form a line to the right, please? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 291 4. One of my classmates ____________ house is for sale is moving to another town. 5. Where are the youngsters _____________ parents have promised to act as chaperones for the class trip? 6. My friend _____________ brother is being married will be ring bearer. 7. There is the list of dog trainers _____________ pets performed well this year. 8. Have you met the boy _____________ brother is wearing a red ski outfit? 9. These families _____________ children have won medals for heroism are very proud. 10. I have just seen the tennis tournament winners __________ photographs appeared on page one o the local newspaper. IV. Complete the following sentences by using the proper relative pronoun object of a preposition.. Completa le seguenti frasi usando il pronome relativo oggetto di una preposizione. 1. Eleanor is the class treasurer to __________ you should give the money. 2. Standing before you is a sculpture for __________ our town has paid a high price. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 292 TODAY IS 3. The victims were trapped in an underground tunnel through __________ the rescuers had to crawl. 4. Next to her is the author by __________ the play was written. 5. This is the trashbasket in __________ I acidentally dropped the new stapler. 6. He is the crossing guard to __________ I waved. 7. Where is the notebook on __________ is written “Class Chores?” 8. Many are the police officers in __________ the people place their trust. 9. Why are there so few places left in __________ the government can build state parks? 10. For ___________ the Bell Tolls is a famous novel written by Ernest Hemingway. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 293 TODAY IS CORRECTED EXERCISES I. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun. 1. Thomas Jefferson, who became the third president of the United States, was one of the signers of the Constitution. 2. New cars that run on electric power have been designed to lessen pollution. 3. The snowstorm that has blanketed the Midwest is expected to arrive tomorrow morning. 4. The dolphins that_ are being trained for a new act are fed twice a day. 5. It was Ponce de Leon who discovered Florida. 6. Where is the Captain of the bobsled team who has been chosen to speak at the award dinner? 7. This story contains at least three sentences that make no sense at all. 8. Did you watch our mayor who was on television last night? 9. Is this the dessert that you have chosen? 10. Can you find the girl who borrowed my pen? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 294 TODAY IS II. Complete the following sentences by using a relative pronoun object. 1. Mom, Tony hid all the puzzle pieces that we put away last night. 2. Have you listened to the CDs that he lent us? 3. I have just located my car keys that I had left on the table. 4.. Can you name the five active space shuttles that NASA has launched since 1981? 5. The man whom he mentioned is my older brother. 6. Our club was deprived of the money that we earned. 7. The patient whom the medics revived is still on the critical list. 8. An uncle whom I have not seen in ages sent me an e-mail . 9. John Glenn, whom we applauded as the first American in orbit, was later elected senator from Ohio. 10. My cousin Harry, whom we like very much, is coming for a long visit. III.Complete the following sentences by using the relative pronoun( Possessive case ) with the preposition “of”…. 1. The little girl, whose mother is a doctor, just won the spelling bee. 2. The owners whose dogs are not on a leash will be fined. 3. Will those children whose bikes need inspection form a line to the right, please? 4. One of my classmates whose house is for sale is moving to another town. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 295 5. Where are the youngsters whose parents have promised to act as chaperones for the class trip? 6. My friend whose brother is being married will be ring bearer. 7. here is the list of dog trainers whose pets performed well this year. 8. Have you met the boy whose brother is wearing a red ski outfit? 9. These families whose children have won medals for heroism are very proud. 10. I have just seen the tennis tournament winners whose photographs appeared on page one of the local newspaper. IV. Complete the following sentences by using the proper relative pronoun object of any other preposition. 1. Eleanor is the class treasurer to whom you should give the money. 2. Standing before you is a sculpture for which our town has paid a high price. 3. he victims were trapped in an underground tunnel through which the rescuers had to crawl. 4. Next to her is the author by whom the play was written. 5. This is the trashbasket in which I acidentally dropped the new stapler. 6. He is the crossing guard to whom I waved. 7. Where is the notebook on which is written “Class Chores?” 8. Many are the police officers in whom the people place their trust. 9. Why are there so few places left in which the government can build state parks? 10. For Whom the Bell Tolls is a famous novel written by Ernest Hemingway. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 296 TODAY IS TODAY IS My dear Grandpa, We have a date tomorrow and I promised I would review my prepositions. Mom said I should tell the truth : I didn’t really review my prepositions and I didn’t do it on purpose because I was afraid to make mistakes. Abbiamo un appuntamento domani e ho promesso di ripassare le preposizioni. La mamma ha detto che devo dire la verità: veramente non ho ripassato le preposizioni e non l’ho fatto apposta per paura di fare errori. Grandpa… Can we go over the prepositions together ? You know how to explain things in a very simple way even if sometimes I forget. Nonno..Possiamo ripassarle insieme? Tu sai come spiegare le cose in modo semplice anche se a volte mi dimentico. Can we still go fishing together? Possiamo andare ancora a pescare insieme? I prepared my pole and my little net ….. Mom will make sandwiches and Dad told me he would put a few soft drinks in the cooler. What else should I bring? Ho preparato la mia canna da pesca e la mia piccola rete. La mamma preparerà i panini e papà mi ha detto che metterà delle bibite al fresco. Devo portare qualcos’altro? I love you Grandpa. Give Grandma a big kiss. Ti voglio bene nonno. Dai un bacio grande alla nonna. Me PS: Scarlatti caught another mouse yesterday ! He is really terrible. I told him not to run after my chipmunk. He has an apartment in Mom’s rock garden. PS: Ieri Scarlatti ha preso un altro topo! Lui è veramente terribile. Io gli ho detto di non seguire il mio tamia. Lui ha un rifugio nel giardino di rocce della mamma. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 45. SPELL CHECK : FISHING PAGE 297 45. SPELL CHECK : FISHING FISHING WITH GRANDPA Pescando con il nonno RECOPY ALL THE WORDS: rod ______________________________ reel ______________________________ pole ______________________________ line ______________________________ tackle box ______________________________ worms ______________________________ flies ______________________________ bait ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 298 45. SPELL CHECK : FISHING hook ______________________________ lure ______________________________ float ______________________________ spinner ______________________________ the river ______________________________ a stream ______________________________ river bank ______________________________ folding stool ______________________________ waders ______________________________ fishing vest ______________________________ sunrise ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 45. SPELL CHECK : FISHING PAGE 299 sunset ______________________________ mosquito lotion ______________________________ mosquito net ______________________________ landing net ______________________________ creel ______________________________ pail ______________________________ camping burner ______________________________ cooking kit ______________________________ tent ______________________________ sleeping bag ______________________________ flashlight ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 300 45. SPELL CHECK : FISHING camp fire ______________________________ firewood ______________________________ eating utensils ______________________________ pocketknife ______________________________ cooler ______________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 46. PREPOSITIONS PAGE 301 46. PREPOSITIONS “Today we are going to review the prepositions. We already saw some but you seem to have forgotten. That doesn’t matter as long as you are able to first, recognize and then learn them.” “Oggi ripasseremo le preposizioni. Ne abbiamo già viste alcune ma sembra che ti sia dimenticato. Non importa,basta che prima le riconosci e poi le impari”. PREPOSITIONS PREPOSIZIONI “A preposition is a word that connects a noun or a pronoun.” “Una preposizione è una parola che collega un SOSTANTIVO o un pronome.” The noun may be preceded by either an article ( definite or indefinite ) or a determining adjective ( DIPIN ) . Il sostantivo può essere preceduto da un articolo (determinativo o indeterminativo) o da un aggettivo determinativo (DIPIN). Do you now see the importance of learning things in a very methodical way? I no longer have to explain what DIPIN means when I talk about determining adjectives. Adesso capisci perchè è importante imparare le cose in modo metodico? Non devo più spiegare cosa vuol dire DIPIN quando parlo degli aggettivi determinativi. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 302 46. PREPOSITIONS The origin of the word ? The word preposition come from the Latin prae ( before ) plus a form of ponere ( to place ).” L’origine della parola? La parola preposizione viene dal latino prae (prima) più una forma di ponere (mettere).” pre - position TWO SORTS OF PREPOSITIONS Due tipi di Preposizioni SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS preposizioni semplici COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS preposizioni composte SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS The list of prepositions might seem endless to you but you will soon discover that they are very easy to recognize, to learn and, of course, to use. La lista di preposizioni ti può sembrare lunga, ma presto scoprirai che le preposizioni sono molto facili da riconoscere, imparare e certamente usare. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 46. PREPOSITIONS PAGE 303 THE MOST COMMON PREPOSITIONS ARE : about This book is about whales. above Above all, look first to the left, then to the right before you cross the street. across She lives in the red house across from Uncle Ted. after After you, Grandma! against The lambs were all pushing against the gate. along We walked along the path. . among Who among you would like to play ball? around It’s just around the corner. at I shall meet you at three o’clock when the bell rings. before Josh and Jesse were caught before the others. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 304 46. PREPOSITIONS behind He was just behind me. below Look below the sink. beneath There’s some glue on the shelf beneath the workbench. beside Frank likes to fish beside the stream. between Matt had to sit between my two cousins. beyond The robin flew beyond those trees? but (meaning except) Everyone is here but you. by I promise I will stand by you. concerning A meeting is scheduled concerning the new hours. down The farm is down the road. during We ate popcorn during the film. except Everyone is in costume except us. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 46. PREPOSITIONS PAGE 305 for I’ve been waiting for two hours. from Study from page 1 to page 15. in “In sickness and in health, until death do us part.” inside The good dishes are inside the cabinet. into The clowns went into the ring. like Hurry, that sounds like our school band. near Have no fear, the prompter will be near you of He is of the same opinion. off They are singing off key. on On the 4th of July, we celebrate Independence Day. over Bill tripped over the cat. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 306 46. PREPOSITIONS past Pam walked past us a minute ago. since Ann has not called since April. through Go though the whole chapter and study the questions. throughout I have kept good notes throughout this semester. to We will go to the beach this summer. toward Turn toward me for the next step. under I feel under the weather this morning. until Until we meet again! up Let’s race up the hill! with Come with me and we shall go to the movies. within It is within your power to do well. without What would I do without you? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 307 TODAY IS COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS What is a compound preposition ? It is very simple: It is composed of two prepositions: Cos’è una preposizione composta? È molto semplice: È composta da due preposizioni: across from He sat across from me. from under Let’s get out from under this awning. at about We can meet at about 5 P.M. next to Aisha’s house is next to Pedro’s. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 308 TODAY IS EXERCISES Underline all the prepositions: Sottolinea tutte le preposizioni: Example: The campers spread their sleeping blankets on the ground. 1. Girls, please wait for me by the bus stop. 2. The railroad bridge was built over the river. 3.Would you kindly pass me the screwdriver that is next to the toolbox? 4. They stood under the waterfall for a long time. 5. We are leaving for Mexico City on the morning flight. 6. Did he buy both the games and toys from the same store? 7. The saddles are made of fine leather. 8. “Take me to your leader,” said Captain Kirk. 9. The tuna fish is in the salad. 10. There is a good feeling throughout our neighborhood now that spring is here. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 309 CORRECTED EXERCISE Underline all the prepositions: Example: The campers spread their sleeping blankets on the ground. 1. Girls, please wait for me by the bus stop. 2. The railroad bridge was built over the river. 3. Would you kindly pass me the screwdriver that is next to the toolbox? 4. They stood under the waterfall for a long time. 5. We are leaving for Mexico City on the morning flight. 6. Did he buy both the games and toys from the same store? 7. The saddles are made of fine leather. 8. “Take me to your leader,” said Captain Kirk. 9. The tuna fish is in the salad. 10. There is a good feeling throughout our neighborhood now that spring is here. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 310 47. CONJUNCTIONS 47. CONJUNCTIONS Now we are going to go over a part of speech that is not very difficult, but needs careful attention. Let’s look at CONJUNCTIONS. Adesso ripassiamo una parte del discorso che non è molto difficile,ma occorre fare molta attenzione.Guardiamo le CONGIUNZIONI. A conjunction is a word which connects words or groups of words. Una congiunzione è una parola che collega parole o gruppi di parole. Origin of the word: The word conjunction comes from the Latin cum (with) plus jungere (to join), past participle junctus Origine della parola: La parola congiunzione viene dal latino cum(con) più jungere (giungere), participio passato junctus It may connect TWO WORDS, TWO PHRASES or TWO CLAUSES Può collegare due parole, due frasi o due proposizioni. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 47. CONJUNCTIONS PAGE 311 REMEMBER THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHRASES AND CLAUSES: Ricordati la differenza fra frasi e proposizioni. WITH TWO PHRASES, you have one VERB Con due frasi, hai un VERBO Example: He borrowed a book but with his sister’s library card. (connecting two phrases) WITH TWO CLAUSES, you have two VERBS Con due proposizioni hai due VERBI Example: The door opened, but no one entered. (connecting two clauses) LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 312 47. CONJUNCTIONS THERE ARE TWO GENERAL CATEGORIES OF CONJUNCTIONS: In genere, ci sono due categorie di congiunzioni: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS congiunzioni coordinative SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS congiunzioni subordinative COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating conjunctions connect TWO WORDS, TWO PHRASES or TWO CLAUSES. Le congiunzioni coordinative collegano due parole, due frasi o due proposizioni. THE MOST COMMON COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS ARE: Le congiunzioni coordinative più usate sono: and but for or & nor LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 47. CONJUNCTIONS PAGE 313 Examples: Melissa and Jeremy won the contest. TWO WORDS ( connecting two words) He borrowed a book but with his sister’s library card. ONE VERB (connecting two phrases) The door opened, but no one entered. (connecting two clauses) TWO VERBS VERY IMPORTANT: Remember the difference Ricordati la differenza between a conjunction connecting two words (Melissa AND Jeremy) a conjunction connecting two phrases One VERB a conjunction connecting two clauses Two VERBS LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 314 47. CONJUNCTIONS SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Congiunzioni Subordinative Subordinating conjunctions connect two different clauses. Le congiunzioni subordinative collegano due proposizioni diverse. We will study the different types of clauses with SYNTAX. THE MOST COMMON SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS ARE: after as as if if because before since so that that until unless LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 47. CONJUNCTIONS PAGE 315 when whether while Examples: We ate lunch after the tour was over. The lights went on as we got close to the driveway. As if you couldn’t guess that I had a surprise for your birthday! If you win the contest, I’ll help you spend the prize money. Please help me because I don’t understand the assignment. Review your parts of speech before you do the exercise. Since you want to go camping, prepare your equipment. Stay near the house so that I can call you when I am ready. I know that you don’t like brussels sprouts. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 316 47. CONJUNCTIONS Let’s practice pitching until the coach arrives. I can walk to your house unless you prefer to come here. When I was little, we used to dress up our cat in doll’s clothes. Whether you like it or not, that’s the rule. We can practice reciting the poem while we walk. EXERCISE Go over the examples and, in each case, underline the verb following the conjunction: Leggi gli esempi e sottolinea il verbo che segue la congiunzione nei diversi casi: Example: We ate lunch after the tour was over. We ate lunch after the tour was over. 1.We ate lunch after the tour was over. 2. The lights went on as we got close to the driveway. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 47. CONJUNCTIONS PAGE 317 3. As if you couldn’t guess that I had a surprise for your birthday! 4. If you win the contest, I’ll help you spend the prize money. 5. Please help me because I don’t understand the assignment. 6. Review your parts of speech before you do the exercise. 7. Since you want to go camping, prepare your equipment. 8. Stay near the house so that I can call you when I am ready. 9. I know that you don’t like brussels sprouts. 10. Let’s practice pitching until the coach arrives. 11. I can walk to your house unless you prefer to come here. 12. When I was little, we used to dress up our cat in doll’s clothes. 13. Whether you like it or not, that’s the rule. 14.We can practice reciting the poem while we walk. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 318 47. CONJUNCTIONS CORRECTED EXERCISE Go over the examples and, in each case, underline the verb following the conjunction: Example: We ate lunch after the tour was over. We ate lunch after the tour was over. 1. We ate lunch after the tour was over. 2. The lights went on as we got close to the driveway. 3. As if you couldn’t guess that I had a surprise for your birthday! 4. If you win the contest, I’ll help you spend the prize money. 5. Please help me because I don’t understand the assignment 6. Review your parts of speech before you do the exercise. 7. Since you want to go camping, prepare your equipment. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 47. CONJUNCTIONS PAGE 319 8. Stay near the house so that I can call you when I am ready. 9. I know that you don’t like brussels sprouts. 10. Let’s practice pitching until the coach arrives. 11. I can walk to your house unless you prefer to come here. 12. When I was little, we used to dress up our cat in doll’s clothes. 13. Whether you like it or not, that’s the rule. 14. We can practice reciting the poem while we walk. Attention: Note that after and since can also be prepositions, in which case they are followed by a noun or a pronoun. Attenzione: Nota che after e since possono anche essere preposizioni, e di conseguenza vengono seguite da un sostantivo o da un pronome. Attention : Do not confuse Prepositions with Subordinating Conjunctions. Attenzione: Non confondere le Preposizioni con le Congiunzioni Subordinative. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 320 47. CONJUNCTIONS See the difference Vedi la differenza Compare: After dinner, we’ll take a walk. (dinner = NOUN) preposition + noun After we had dinner, we took a walk. (we = PERSONAL PRONOUN) conjunction + personal pronoun + verb CONJUNCTION + PERSONAL PRONOUN SUBJECT + VERB I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they INDEFINITE PRONOUN SUBJECT + VERB one, no one, everyone, nobody, everybody, someone LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 47. CONJUNCTIONS PAGE 321 Examples: After I had slept, I felt much better. personal pronoun + verb Before I met you, I had not read many books. personal pronoun + verb Until someone complains, we will serve brussels sprouts. indefinite pronoun + verb Since we will be going south, let’s take my car. personal pronoun + verb LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 322 TODAY IS TODAY IS EXERCISE Underline the conjunction and indicate the type : Sottolinea la congiunzione e indica il tipo: coordinating coordinative C subordinating subordinative S Example : My mother and father always listened to music when I was a baby C S 1. My cousin joined the soccer league while I joined the tennis team. 2. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote adventure stories, poems and a famous, short story. 3. Although Alexander the Great was born in Macedonia, his empire extended as far as the Pakistan of today. 4. Until photography was invented, we had only paintings and statues of famous people. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 323 5. We must learn to recycle our waste because we have little room left for landfills. 6. The Tropic of Cancer is in the Northern Hemisphere but the Tropic of Capricorn is in the Southern Hemisphere. 7. I did all my homework before my father came home. 8. Will you have a pizza or would you prefer a salad? 9. If you wish to go fishing, you must first dig up some worms unless you buy them at the bait shop. 10. May I please go to the square dance provided my room is neat and clean? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 324 TODAY IS CORRECTED EXERCISE Underline the conjunction and indicate the type: coordinating C subordinating S 1. My cousin joined the soccer league while I joined the tennis team. S 2. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote adventure stories, poems and a famous, short story. C 3. Although Alexander the Great was born in Macedonia, his empire extended as S far as the Pakistan of today. 4. Until photography was invented, we had only paintings and statues of famous S people. 5. We must learn to recycle our waste because we have little room left for landfills. S LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD TODAY IS PAGE 325 6. The Tropic of Cancer is in the Northern Hemisphere but the Tropic of Capricorn C is in the Southern Hemisphere. 7. I did all my homework before my father came home. S 8. Will you have a pizza or would you prefer a salad? C 9. If you wish to go fishing, you must first dig up some worms unless you buy S S them at the bait shop. 10. May I please go to the square dance provided my room is neat and clean? S LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 326 48. INTERJECTIONS ESCLAMAZIONI 48. INTERJECTIONS ESCLAMAZIONI An interjection is a word uttered to indicate strong feeling or emotion. Un’esclamazione è una parola detta per indicare un forte sentimento o emozione. Alas! Dear me! Fine! Hurrah! Oh! Whew! Bravo! God forbid! Nonsense! Oh my gosh! Pshaw! Rubbish! What a pity! Good heavens! That’s right! Never mind! LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 48. INTERJECTIONS ESCLAMAZIONI PAGE 327 So long! Sorry! Notice that interjections are usually followed by an exclamation point [ ! ] . A good exercise is to repeat them in front of a mirror, using proper expression. Nota che le esclamazioni sono normalmente seguite da un punto esclamativo [!]. Un buon esercizio è quello di ripeterle davanti allo specchio, usando l’espressione appropriata. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 328 49. ADVERBS 49. ADVERBS Today, we will go over the last part of speech since the verbs will be thoroughly studied in a separate section. Oggi ripasseremo l’ultima parte del discorso dato che i verbi saranno studiati in maniera più approfondita in una sezione separata. ADVERBS AVVERBI An Adverb is a word which modifes a verb, an adjective , or another adverb. Un Avverbio è una parola che modifica un verbo, un aggettivo o un altro avverbio. By the addition of an adverb to a verb, that verb is modified, changed, made stronger or less strong. Aggiungendo un avverbio ad un verbo, quel verbo viene modificato, cambiato quindi reso più o meno accentuato. Compare: My Dad won first prize. My Dad easily won first prize. easily is an adverb and won is the verb easily è un avverbio e won è il verbo LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 49. ADVERBS PAGE 329 Do you see how an adverb changes or modifies the verb? Vedi come un avverbio cambia o modifica il verbo? Your Dad won but we know how he won: easily I. FORMATION FORMAZIONE Most of the Adverbs are formed by the addition of -ly to a descriptive adjective. La maggior parte degli avverbi si forma aggiungendo -ly a un aggettivo qualificativo. Repeat the adjectives and transform them into adverbs: Ripeti gli aggettivi e trasformali in avverbi: ADJECTIVE ADVERB extreme extremely frequent frequently usual usually collective collectively special specially beautiful beautifully LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 330 49. ADVERBS Attention: Note that some adjectives cannot be transformed into adverbs by adding -ly Nota che alcuni aggettivi non possono essere trasformati in avverbi aggiungendo -ly II. CLASSIFICATION ( 4 ) An adverb usually answers the following questions: Di solito, un avverbio risponde alle seguenti domande: ADVERB of Avverbio di When? Quando? Time tempo Where? Dove? Place luogo How? Come? Manner modo How much, How many? Quanto Quantity or Degree Quantità o Grado Quanti? or To what degree? A che grado? LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 49. ADVERBS PAGE 331 ADVERB of Examples: Study now. WHEN? now TIME Study here. WHERE? here PLACE Study carefully. HOW? carefully MANNER Study much. TO WHAT DEGREE? much 1. ADVERBS OF TIME modify verbs. DEGREE They answer the question WHEN? Gli Avverbi di Tempo modificano verbi. Rispondono alla domanda QUANDO? Do it now, not later now and later modify the verb do. She will come tonight. tonight modifies the verb will come. My parents turn off my light every night. every night modifies turn off. 2. ADVERBS OF PLACE modify verbs. They answer the question WHERE? Gli Avverbi di Luogo modificano verbi. Rispondono alla domanda DOVE? Sue works here. here modifies works. Sit here. here modifies sit. Turn left at the yellow house. left modifies turn. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 332 49. ADVERBS 3. ADVERBS OF MANNER modify verbs. They answer the question HOW? Gli Avverbi di modo modificano verbi. Rispondono alla domanda COME? Peter runs well. well modifies runs. Twist it slowly. slowly modifies twist. She sang lovingly to the baby.. lovingly modifies sang. 4. ADVERBS OF DEGREE ordinarily modify adjectives and other adverbs. Gli Avverbi di Grado normalmente modificano aggettivi e altri avverbi. They answer the question TO WHAT DEGREE? or HOW MUCH? Rispondono alla domanda A CHE GRADO? O QUANTO? He is rather quiet. rather modifies quiet. Tom is very often late. very modifies often. The test was over quite early. quite modifies early. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 49. ADVERBS PAGE 333 COMPARISON ADVERBS, LIKE ADJECTIVES, MAY BE COMPARED. Gli avverbi, come gli aggettivi, possono essere paragonati. THERE ARE THREE DEGREES OF COMPARISON: (The same as the comparison of adjectives) Ci sono tre gradi di paragone: (Uguale al paragone degli aggettivi) the positive il positivo the comparative il comparativo the superlative il superlativo Attention! The following adverbs do not have degrees of comparison: Attenzione! I seguenti avverbi non hanno gradi di paragone: back, before, by ever here, how never, no, not, now LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 334 49. ADVERBS only past so then, there thus, too very when, whenever yes COMPARISON OF LONG ADVERBS : Paragone di avverbi lunghi: Use of more for the comparative and most for the superlative Usa more per il comparativo e most per il superlativo more and most are two other adverbs. more e most sono altri due avverbi. When you want to compare : Quando vuoi paragonare : LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 49. ADVERBS PAGE 335 POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Positivo Comparativo Superlativo carefully more carefully most carefully frankly more frankly most frankly loudly more loudly most loudly COMPARISON OF SHORT ADVERBS. Paragone degli avverbi corti. A few short adverbs of manner are compared this way: Alcuni avverbi di modo corti sono paragonati così: Use of the suffix -er for the comparative and -est Uso del suffisso -er per il comparativo -est per il superlativo e for the superlative POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE soon sooner soonest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 336 49. ADVERBS IRREGULAR FORMS OF ADVERBS. Forme Irregolari di Avverbi. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE well better best much more most little less least badly worse worst The only way to know them is to learn them by heart for they do not follow any pattern or rule. L’unico modo per impararli è di impararli a memoria perchè non seguono nessun esempio o regola. Note: The English adjective good and the adverb well have, respectively, the same forms for the comparative and superlative degrees. Nota: L’aggettivo inglese GOOD e l’avverbio WELL hanno, rispettivamente, le stesse strutture sia per il grado comparativo che per quello superlativo. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 49. ADVERBS PAGE 337 EXERCISES A. Underline the adverbs and indicate whether they are adverbs of place, time, manner or quantity. Sottolinea gli avverbi e indica se sono avverbi di luogo, tempo, modo o quantità. 1. Harry’s dog soon learned not to play with porcupines. _______________ 2. Our teacher never punishes the class without a warning. _______________ 3. The house is completely surrounded by lilac bushes. _______________ 4. My brother came quickly when he heard the lunch bell. _______________ 5. Uncle Sal was busily cleaning the garage. _______________ 6. The lights were still on even though the store was closed. _______________ 7. You know the song so well that you won’t have stage fright. _______________ 8. I could not sleep so I got up and went outside. _______________ 9. The score was gradually changing. _______________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 338 49. ADVERBS 10. I suddenly found myself on the wrong floor. _______________ CORRECTED EXERCISE 1. Harry’s dog soon learned not to play with porcupines. ( Adverb of time ) 2. Our teacher never punishes the class without a warning ( Adverb of time) 3. The house is completely surrounded by lilac bushes. ( Adverb of degree ) 4. My brother came quickly when he heard the lunch bell. ( Adverb of manner) 5. Uncle Sal was busily cleaning the garage. ( Adverb of manner ) 6. The lights were still on even though the store was closed. ( Adverb of time ) 7. You know the song so well that you won’t have stage fright. ( Adverb of degree ) 8. I could not sleep so I got up and went outside. ( Adverb of place ) 9. The score was gradually changing. ( Adverb of degree ) LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 49. ADVERBS PAGE 339 10. I suddenly found myself on the wrong floor. ( Adverb of manner) B. Complete the following sentences by changing the adjective to an adverb. Completa le seguenti frasi trasformando l’aggettivo in un avverbio. Example: Move ____________ ( quick ) or we will arrive late. Move quickly or we will arrive late. 1. The snow fell ____________ (silent) during the night. 2. Won’t you please speak ____________ (polite)? 3. Our team swam ____________ (good) in competition. 4. My sister dances ____________ (light) in her bare feet. 5. Jamal carried the eggs very ____________ (careful). 6. Have you read each word __________ (slow) and ____________ (distinct)? 7. Please walk____________ (soft) in case the baby is sleeping. 8. The children were ____________ (final) silenced by the bell. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 340 49. ADVERBS 9. We learned that the strike had been _____________ (temporary) halted. 10. Aida spoke ____________ (courageous) about her project. CORRECTED EXERCISE 1. The snow fell silently during the night. 2. Won’t you please speak politely ? 3. Our team swam well in competition. 4. My sister dances lightly in her bare feet. 5. Jamal carried the eggs very carefully. 6. Have you read each word slowly and distinctly? 7. Please walk softly in case the baby is sleeping. 8. The children were finally silenced by the bell. 9. We learned that the strike had been temporarily halted. 10. Aida spoke courageously about her project. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 50. READING: OLIVER TWIST PAGE 341 50. READING: OLIVER TWIST Today is the end of this group of lessons with your Grandpa and… your Grandma Oggi è la fine di questo gruppo di lezioni con tuo nonno e... tua nonna My Dear Grandchild, Mio Caro Nipote, Together, we are going to read two passages which have distressed your parents and your Grandpa for they describe a world that many would like to believe never existed. It is the story of the poor life of an innocent little boy. Everyone should read this novel in its entirety for it can transform your life. Poverty exists and fortunate are the children who are not exposed to the physical and moral ravages of the conditions described by the author. You will be better able to appreciate the life style you have and to hereafter open your heart even wider to those in need. Insieme, leggeremo due brani che hanno angosciato i tuoi genitori e tuo nonno perchè descrivono un mondo che a molti piacerebbe credere non fosse mai esistito. Questa storia parla della vita povera di un bambino innocente. Tutti dovrebbero leggere questa intera novella perchè può cambiare la loro vita. La povertà esiste, e fortunati sono i bambini che non sono esposti alle devastazioni fisiche e morali descritte dall’autore. Sarai molto più capace di apprezzare il tuo stile di vita e d’ora in poi potrai aprire di più il tuo cuore a quelli che hanno bisogno. Since we are close to the end of this booklet, we will review all the parts of speech you covered with Grandpa. This will help you with the second part of this exchange of letters when you and Grandpa will begin a study of SYNTAX , which is, in a way, the study of functions. I will let your Grandpa explain o because he knows a lot more than . Dato che siamo quasi alla fine di questo libro, ripasseremo tutte le parti del discorso che hai studiato con il nonno. Questo ti aiuterà con la seconda parte di questi scambi di lettere quando tu e il nonno comincerete a studiare la sintassi, che in un certo modo, è lo studio di funzioni. Lascerò spiegare questo a tuo nonno, perchè lui sa più di me. Mary LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 342 50. READING: OLIVER TWIST CHARLES DICKENS 1812 – 1870 Charles Dickens,born in England during the new industrial age which created misery for the class of low-paid workers, is generally considered one of the greatest English novelists. Dickens' works are characterized by attacks on social evils, injustice, and hypocrisy. Forced to end school in his early teens, he will work in a factory before going on to a three year period as a journalist. He soon acquires a distaste for unjust laws and a sharp ear for conversation which would later bring his characters to life. Among his most famous works are: Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, and A Tale of Two Cities. Married to Catherine Hogarth in 1836, the Dickens had ten children. Charles Dickens, nato in Inghilterra durante l’epoca dell’ industrializzazione (che ha creato miseria per la classe di lavoratori sotto pagati ), è generalmente considerato uno dei più grandi novellisti inglesi. I lavori di Dickens sono caratterizzati dagli attacchi ai mali sociali, all’ingiustizia e all’ipocrisia. Obbligato a smettere la scuola nei suoi primi anni di adolescenza, lavorò in una fabbrica e poi fece il giornalista per un periodo di tre anni. Presto iniziò a disprezzare le leggi ingiuste e acquistò un buon orecchio per la conversazione che poi lo aiutò nella creazione dei suoi personaggi. Alcuni dei suoi capolavori sono: Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, and a Tale of Two Cities. Sposato con Catherine Hogarth nel 1836, i Dickens avevano dieci figli. OLIVER TWIST 1838 This realistic novel was written by Dickens in 1838. The novel is inspired by a legislation which stopped government aid to the poor unless they entered workhouses. Oliver, the main character, is a foundling in an orphanage. Cruelly treated, then sold into child slavery, he runs away and has to learn to survive on the streets of London. He is initiated into a life of petty thievery by Fagin and his gang of boy pickpockets. Questa novella realistica è stata scritta da Dickens nel 1838. La novella è ispirata da una legislazione che fermò i fondi del governo per i poveri finchè non entravano in case di lavoro. Oliver, il personaggio principale, è un trovatello in un orfanotrofio. Maltrattato e venduto agli schiavi di bambini, lui riesce a scappare ma deve imparare a sopravvivere nelle strade di Londra. Viene introdotto alla vita dei piccoli furti da Fagin e dal suo gruppo di bambini ladri. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 50. READING: OLIVER TWIST PAGE 343 Falsely accused of a robbery in a book-stall, Oliver is saved by the testimony of the kind, book-stall keeper and Mr. Brownlow, a wealthy gentleman who takes pity on the poor, sick boy. Falsamente accusato di rubare in una bancarella, Oliver viene salvato dal testimone della bontà cioè dal signor Brownlaw, il proprietario della bancarella. È un signore ricco che ha pietà per questo bambino povero e malato. CHAPTER XI 'Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear? Clear the office!' The mandate was obeyed; and the indignant Mr. Brownlow was conveyed out, with the book in one hand, and the bamboo cane in the other: in a perfect phrenzy of rage and defiance. He reached the yard; and his passion vanished in a moment. Little Oliver Twist lay on his back on the pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame. 'Poor boy, poor boy!' said Mr. Brownlow, bending over him. 'Call a coach, somebody, pray. Directly!' A coach was obtained, and Oliver having been carefully laid on gentleman got in and sat himself on the other. the seat, the old 'May I accompany you?' said the book-stall keeper, looking in. 'Bless me, yes, my dear sir,' said Mr. Brownlow quickly. 'I forgot you. Dear, dear! I have this unhappy book still! Jump in. Poor fellow! There's no time to lose.' The book-stall keeper got into the coach; and away they drove. CHAPTER XII The coach rattled away, over nearly the same ground as that which Oliver had traversed when he first entered London in company with the Dodger; and, turning a different way when it reached the Angel at Islington, stopped at length before a neat house, in a quiet shady street near Pentonville. Here, a bed was prepared, without loss of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his young charge carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with a kindness and solicitude that knew no LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 344 50. READING: OLIVER TWIST bounds. But, for many days, Oliver remained insensible to all the goodness of his new friends. The sun rose and sank, and rose and sank again, and many times after that; and still the boy lay stretched on his uneasy bed, dwindling away beneath the dry and wasting heat of fever. The worm does not work more surely on the dead body, than does this slow creeping fire upon the living frame. Weak, and thin, and pallid, he awoke at last from what seemed to have been a long and troubled dream. Feebly raising himself in the bed, with his head resting on his trembling arm, he looked anxiously around. 'What room is this? Where have I been brought to?' said Oliver. 'This is not the place I went to sleep in.' He uttered these words in a feeble voice, being very faint and weak; but they were overheard at once. The curtain at the bed's head was hastily drawn back, and a motherly old lady, very neatly and precisely dressed, rose as she undrew it, from an arm-chair close by, in which she had been sitting at needle-work. 'Hush, my dear,' said the old lady softly. 'You must be very quiet, or you will be ill again; and you have been very bad,--as bad as bad could be, pretty nigh. Lie down again; there's a dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed Oliver's head upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from his forehead, looked so kindly and loving in his face, that he could not help placing his little withered hand in hers, and drawing it round his neck. 'Save us!' said the old lady, with tears in her eyes. 'What a grateful little dear it is. Pretty creetur! What would his mother feel if she had sat by him as I have, and could see him now!' LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 PAGE 345 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 ANALYSIS ANALISI Identify the following words taken from the two passages you have just read with your Grandma. Take your time. It takes practice and patience to master this skill. Identifica le seguenti parole prese dai due brani che hai appena letto con tua nonna. Prendi il tempo necessario. Ci vuole pratica e pazienza per imparare alla perfezione. Remember: THE PARTS OF SPEECH ( 9 ) There are nine classifications: Le parti del discorso (9) Ci sono nove classificazioni: ARTICLES Articoli NOUNS Sostantivi ADJECTIVES Aggettivi PRONOUNS Pronomi PREPOSITIONS Preposizioni CONJUNCTIONS Congiunzioni INTERJECTIONS Esclamazioni ADVERBS Avverbi VERBS [ Conjugations, modes, tenses and forms will be treated in a separate section. ] Verbi [Congiunzioni, modi, tempi e strutture saranno trattati in una sezione separata.] LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 346 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 CHAPTER XI “Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear? the ____________________________________ said ____________________________________ magistrate ____________________________________ you ____________________________________ Clear the office! ____________________________________ The mandate was obeyed; and the indignant Mr. Brownlow was conveyed out, with the book in one hand, and the bamboo cane in the other: in a perfect phrenzy of rage and defiance. He reached the yard; mandate ____________________________________ and ____________________________________ with ____________________________________ one ____________________________________ in ____________________________________ perfect ____________________________________ rage ____________________________________ He ____________________________________ reached ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 PAGE 347 and his passion vanished in a moment. Little Oliver Twist lay on his back on the pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame. vanished ____________________________________ in ____________________________________ his ____________________________________ with ____________________________________ deadly ____________________________________ white ____________________________________ convulsing ____________________________________ 'Poor boy, poor boy!' said Mr. Brownlow, bending over him. 'Call a coach, somebody, pray. Directly!' poor ____________________________________ boy ____________________________________ somebody ____________________________________ A coach was obtained, and Oliver having been carefully laid on gentleman got in and sat himself on the other. the seat, the old coach ____________________________________ sat ____________________________________ himself ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 348 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 'May I accompany you?' said the book-stall keeper, looking in. 'Bless me, yes, my dear sir,' said Mr. Brownlow quickly. 'I forgot you. Dear, dear! I have this unhappy book still! Jump in. Poor fellow! There's no time to lose.' The book-stall keeper got into the coach; and away they drove. I ____________________________________ you ____________________________________ dear ____________________________________ quickly ____________________________________ unhappy ____________________________________ lose ____________________________________ drove ____________________________________ CHAPTER XII The coach rattled away, over nearly the same ground as that which Oliver had traversed when he first entered London in company with the Dodger; and, turning a different way when it reached the Angel at Islington, stopped at length before a neat house, in a quiet shady street near Pentonville. away ____________________________________ over ____________________________________ nearly ____________________________________ which ____________________________________ first ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 PAGE 349 and ____________________________________ reached ____________________________________ house ____________________________________ Here, a bed was prepared, without loss of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his young charge carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with a kindness and solicitude that knew no bounds. was prepared ____________________________________ time ____________________________________ which ____________________________________ comfortably ____________________________________ a ____________________________________ that ____________________________________ But, for many days, Oliver remained insensible to all the goodness of his new friends. The sun rose and sank, and rose and sank again, and many times after that; and still the boy lay stretched on his uneasy bed, dwindling away beneath the dry and wasting heat of fever. insensible ____________________________________ all ____________________________________ and ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 350 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 still ____________________________________ his ____________________________________ beneath ____________________________________ heat ____________________________________ The worm does not work more surely on the dead body, than does this slow creeping fire upon the living frame. does not work ____________________________________ this ____________________________________ upon ____________________________________ Weak, and thin, and pallid, he awoke at last from what seemed to have been a long and troubled dream. Feebly raising himself in the bed, with his head resting on his trembling arm, he looked anxiously around. pallid ____________________________________ feebly ____________________________________ resting ____________________________________ around ____________________________________ 'What room is this? Where have I been brought to?' said Oliver. 'This is not the place I went to sleep in.' what ____________________________________ said ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 the PAGE 351 ____________________________________ He uttered these words in a feeble voice, being very faint and weak; but they were overheard at once. The curtain at the bed's head was hastily drawn back, and a motherly old lady, very neatly and precisely dressed, rose as she undrew it, from an arm-chair close by, in which she had been sitting at needle-work. these ____________________________________ were overheard ____________________________________ once ____________________________________ motherly ____________________________________ undrew ____________________________________ she ____________________________________ 'Hush, my dear,' said the old lady softly. 'You must be very quiet, or you will be ill again; and you have been very bad,--as bad as bad could be, pretty nigh. hush ____________________________________ must be ____________________________________ have been ____________________________________ could be ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 352 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 Lie down again; there's a dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed Oliver's head upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from his forehead, looked so kindly and loving in his face, that he could not help placing his little withered hand in hers, and drawing it round his neck. those ____________________________________ very ____________________________________ upon ____________________________________ and ____________________________________ his ____________________________________ that ____________________________________ hers ____________________________________ drawing ____________________________________ 'Save us!' said the old lady, with tears in her eyes. 'What a grateful little dear it is. Pretty creetur! What would his mother feel if she had sat by him as I have, and could see him now!' us ____________________________________ with ____________________________________ tears ____________________________________ grateful ____________________________________ dear ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 PAGE 353 feel ____________________________________ if ____________________________________ could see ____________________________________ him ____________________________________ LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 354 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 CORRECTED ANALYSIS CHAPTER XI THE PARTS OF SPEECH ( 9 ) There are nine classifications: ARTICLES NOUN ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS INTERJECTIONS ADVERBS VERBS Conjugations, modes, tenses and forms will be treated in a separate section. LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 PAGE 355 Identify the following words taken from the two passages you have just read with your Grandma. Take your time. It takes practice and patience to master this skill. CHAPTER XI “Clear the office!' said the magistrate. 'Officers, do you hear? The definite article Said verb magistrate noun ou personal pronoun Clear the office!' The mandate was obeyed; and the indignant Mr. Brownlow was conveyed out, with the book in one hand, and the bamboo cane in the other: in a perfect phrenzy of rage and defiance. He reached the yard; mandate noun and coordinating conjunction with preposition one cardinal numeral adjective in preposition perfect descriptive adjective age noun LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 356 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 He personal pronoun reached verb and his passion vanished in a moment. Little Oliver Twist lay on his back on the pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame. vanished verb in preposition his possessive adjective with preposition deadly descriptive adjective white noun convulsing verb (present participle) 'Poor boy, poor boy!' said Mr. Brownlow, bending over him. 'Call a coach, somebody, pray. Directly!' poor descriptive adjective boy noun somebody indefinite pronoun A coach was obtained, and Oliver having been carefully laid on gentleman got in and sat himself on the other. coach noun sat verb the seat, the old LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 himself PAGE 357 reflexive personal pronoun 'May I accompany you?' said the book-stall keeper, looking in. 'Bless me, yes, my dear sir,' said Mr. Brownlow quickly. 'I forgot you. Dear, dear! I have this unhappy book still! Jump in. Poor fellow! There's no time to lose.' The book-stall keeper got into the coach; and away they drove. I personal pronoun you personal pronoun dear descriptive adjective quickly adverb unhappy descriptive adjective lose verb drove verb CHAPTER XII The coach rattled away, over nearly the same ground as that which Oliver had traversed when he first entered London in company with the Dodger; and, turning a different way when it reached the Angel at Islington, stopped at length before a neat house, in a quiet shady street near Pentonville. away adverb over preposition nearly adverb LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 358 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 which relative pronoun first ordinal numeral adjective and coordinating conjunction reached verb house noun Here, a bed was prepared, without loss of time, in which Mr. Brownlow saw his young charge carefully and comfortably deposited; and here, he was tended with a kindness and solicitude that knew no bounds. was prepared verb time noun which relative pronoun comfortably adverb a indefinite article that relative pronoun But, for many days, Oliver remained insensible to all the goodness of his new friends. The sun rose and sank, and rose and sank again, and many times after that; and still the boy lay stretched on his uneasy bed, dwindling away beneath the dry and wasting heat of fever. insensible descriptive adjective all indefinite adjective LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 PAGE 359 and coordinating conjunction still adverb his possessive adjective beneath prepostion heat noun The worm does not work more surely on the dead body, than does this slow creeping fire upon the living frame. does not work verb this demonstrative adjective upon preposition Weak, and thin, and pallid, he awoke at last from what seemed to have been a long and troubled dream. Feebly raising himself in the bed, with his head resting on his trembling arm, he looked anxiously around. pallid adjective feebly adverb resting verb (present participle) around adverb 'What room is this? Where have I been brought to?' said Oliver. 'This is not the place I went to sleep in.' LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 360 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 what interrogative adjective said verb the definite article He uttered these words in a feeble voice, being very faint and weak; but they were overheard at once. The curtain at the bed's head was hastily drawn back, and a motherly old lady, very neatly and precisely dressed, rose as she undrew it, from an arm-chair close by, in which she had been sitting at needle-work. these demonstrative adjective were overheard verb once adverb of time motherly adverb undrew verb she personal pronoun 'Hush, my dear,' said the old lady softly. 'You must be very quiet, or you will be ill again; and you have been very bad,--as bad as bad could be, pretty nigh. hush interjection must be verbs (must / be) have been verb LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 could be PAGE 361 verbs (could / be) Lie down again; there's a dear!' With those words, the old lady very gently placed Oliver's head upon the pillow; and, smoothing back his hair from his forehead, looked so kindly and loving in his face, that he could not help placing his little withered hand in hers, and drawing it round his neck. those demonstrative adjective very adverb upon preposition and coordinating conjunction his possessive adjective that subordinating conjunction hers possessive pronoun drawing verb (present participle) 'Save us!' said the old lady, with tears in her eyes. 'What a grateful little dear it is. Pretty creetur! What would his mother feel if she had sat by him as I have, and could see him now!' us personal pronoun with preposition tears noun LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 - 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD PAGE 362 51. GRAMMAR REVIEW 4 grateful descriptive adjective dear noun feel verb if subordinating conjunction could see verbs (could / see) him personal pronoun LETTERS TO GRANDPA FOR ITALIAN SPEAKERS 2004 2007 THE BEST HOME TUTOR LTD