History of Medical Mycology (References)

Luciano Polonelli
Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Unit of
Microbiology and Virology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
Tel.: +39 0521 903429; Fax: +39 0521 993620; e-mail: [email protected]
History of Medical Mycology
File 5 (References)
References
Ainsworth GC. Introduction to the History of Medical and Veterinary Mycology, 1st edn.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Ajello L, Georg LK. In vitro hair cultures for differentiating between atypical isolates of
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. Mycopathologia 1957; 8: 317.
Ajello L, Georg LK, Steigbigel RT, Wang CJ. A case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by a
new species of Phialophora. Mycologia 1974; 66: 490-498.
Ajello L. Milestones in the history of medical mycology: the dermatophytes. In: Iwata K,
editor. Recent Advances in Medical and Veterinary Mycology, Proceedings of the Sixth
Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, 1977; Tokyo:
University of Tokyo, 1977: 3-11.
Ajello L. Italian contributions to the history of general and medical mycology. Med Mycol
1998; 36 Suppl 1: 1-11.
Arseculeratne SN, Ajello L. Rhinosporidium seeberi. In: Ajello L, Hay RJ, eds Medical
Mycology, Vol. 4, Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th ed.
London: Arnold, 1998: 595-615.
1
Artz RP, Bullock WE. Immunoregulatory responses in experimental disseminated
histoplasmosis: depression of T-cell-dependent and T-effectory responses by activation
of splenic suppressor cells. Infect Immun 1979; 23: 893-902.
Ashworth JH. On Rhinosporidium seeberi with special reference to its sporulation and
affinities. Trans R Soc Edinburgh 1923; 53: 302-342.
Azevedo DE, Campos S, Carneiro LS, Ciferri R. Advance in the knowledge of the fungus of
Jorge Lobo’s disease. J Trop Med Hyg 1956; 59: 214-215.
Baker RD. Tissue changes in fungous disease. Arch Pathol (Chic) 1947; 44: 459-466.
Baldacci E. Raffaele Ciferri (1897-1964). Mycologia 1965; 57: 198-201.
Banti G. Sopra un caso di oidiomicosi cerebrale [On a case of cerebral oidiomycosis]. Lo
Sperimentale 1911a; 65: 341.
Banti, G. Sopra un caso di oidiomicosi cerebrale [On a case of cerebral oidiomycosis]. Atti
Accademia Medico-Fisica Fiorentina 1911b: 49.
Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts. 1: Work by chemists and biologists 1789-1850.
Yeast 1998; 14: 1439-1451.
Barton AA. Some aspects of cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Gen Microbiol
1950; 4: 84-86.
Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 2: Louis Pasteur and his contemporaries, 18501880. Yeast 2000; 16: 755-771.
Barnett JA. A history of research on yeasts 8: taxonomy. Yeast 2004; 21: 1141-1193.
Bassi A. Del Mal del Segno Calcinaccio o Moscardino. Malattia che Affligge i Bachi da Seta
e sul Modo di Liberarne le Bigattaje anche le più Infestate. Parte Prima-Teoria, Parte
Seconda-Pratica, Lodi Tipografia Orcesi, 1835.
Bastide JM, Drouhet E, Dupont B. European Confederation of Medical Mycology. J Mycol
Méd 1993; 3: 66.
2
Bauer H, Ajello L, Adams E, Hernandez DU. Cerebral mucormycosis: pathogenesis of the
disease; description of the fungus, Rhizopus oryzae, isolated from a fatal case. Am J
Med 1955; 18: 822-831.
Beaman L, Pappagianis D, Benjamini E. Significance of T cells in resistance to experimental
murine coccidioidomycosis. Infect Immun 1977; 17: 580-585.
Benham RW. The Cultural Characteristics of Pityrosporum ovale - A Lipophylic Fungus. J
Invest Dermatol 1939; 2: 187-203.
Bentley R. The development of penicillin: genesis of a famous antibiotic. Perspect Biol Med
2005; 48: 444-452.
Berkhout CM. De schimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula, Utrecht
University of Utrecht, 1923.
Berliner MD, Reca ME. Release of protoplasts in the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum
without added enzyme. Science 1970; 167: 1255-1257.
Berzelius J. Weingärung. [Wine fermentation]. Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der
Physischen Wissenschaften von Jacob Berzelius 1839; 18: 400-403.
Bidie G. Notes on Morbus Pedis Entophyticus. Madras Quart. J. Med. Sci. 1862; 4: 222-227.
Block ER, Jennings AE, Bennett JE. 5-fluorocytosine resistance in Cryptococcus
neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1973; 3: 649-656.
Bloomfield N, Gordon MA, Elmendorf DF, Jr. Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans
Antigen in Body Fluids by Latex Particle Agglutination. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1963;
114: 64-67.
Bowman WB. Coccidioidal granuloma. Am J Roentgenol 1919; 6: 547-555.
Boyd MF, Crutchfield ED. A Contribution to the Study of Mycetoma in North America. Am J
Trop Med Hyg 1921; s1-1: 215-289.
3
Brummer E, Bhagavathula PR, Hanson LH, Stevens DA. Synergy of itraconazole with
macrophages in killing Blastomyces dermatitidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;
36: 2487-2492.
Bulmer GS, Sans MD, Gunn CM. Cryptococcus neoformans. I. Nonencapsulated mutants. J
Bacteriol 1967; 94: 1475-1479.
Bulmer GS, Sans MD. Cryptococcus neoformans. II. Phagocytosis by human leukocytes. J
Bacteriol 1967; 94: 1480-1483.
Busse O. Über parasitäre Zelleinschlüsse und ihre Züchtung. [About parasitic cell inclusions
and their breeding]. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1894; 16: 175-180.
Cagniard-Latour C. Fermentation. L’Institut 1836; 167: 237.
Cagniard-Latour C. Mémoire sur la fermentation vineuse. [Dissertation on the vinous
fermentation]. Annales de Chimie et de Physique 1838; 68: 206-222.
Calderone RA, Linehan L, Wadsworth E, Sandberg AL. Identification of C3d receptors on
Candida albicans. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 252-258.
Carter HV. On mycetoma or the fungus disease of India, including notes of recent cases and
new observations on the structure etc. of the entophytic growth. Trans Med Phy Soc
Bombay 1861; 7: 206-221.
Casadevall A. Antibody immunity and invasive fungal infections. Infect Immun 1995; 63:
4211-4218.
Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. Antibody-mediated protection through cross-reactivity introduces
a fungal heresy into immunological dogma. Infect Immun 2007; 75: 5074-5078.
Cassone A, Conti S, De Bernardis F, Polonelli L. Antibodies, killer toxins and antifungal
immunoprotection: a lesson from nature? Immunol Today 1997; 18: 164-169.
Castellani A. Observations on a new species of Epidermophyton found in tinea cruris. Brit J
Dermatol 1910; 22: 147-150.
4
Castellani A, Chalmers AJ. Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd edn. New York: Williams,
Wood and Co., 1919.
Castellani A. Carbol-fuchsin paints in the treatment of certain cases of epidermophytosis. Am
Med 1928; 23: 351-352.
Castellani A. Treatment of epidermophytosis of toes (mango toe) and other forms of
epidermophytosis by fuchsin paint. . J Trop Med Hyg 1929; 32: 77-78.
Castellani A. Microbes, Men and Monarchs. A Doctor’s Life in Many Lands. The
Autobiography of Aldo Castellani, London: Victor Gollancz, Ltd., 1963.
Chain E, Florey HW, Gardner AD, et al. Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent. The Lancet
1940; 236: 226-228.
Ciferri R. Piero Redaelli (1898-1955). Mycopathol Mycol Appl 1956; 7: 217-219.
Ciferri R, Redaelli P. Bibliographia Mycopathologica (1800-1940), Firenze: Sansoni, 1958.
Converse JL. Growth of spherules of Coccidioides immitis in a chemically defined liquid
medium. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1955; 90: 709-711.
Cooke JV. Immunity tests in coccidioidal granuloma. Arch Intern Med 1915; 15: 479-486.
Coons AH, Kaplan MH. Localization of antigen in tissue cells; improvements in a method for
the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody. J Exp Med 1950; 91: 1-13.
Cutler JE, Glee PM, Horn HL. Candida albicans- and Candida stellatoidea-specific DNA
fragment. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 1720-1724.
Dalmau LM. Remarques sur la technique mycologique. [Notes on mycological technique].
Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1929; 7: 536-545.
Darling ST. A protozoön general infection producing pseudotubercles in the lungs and focal
necroses in the liver, spleen and limphnodes. J Am Med Assoc 1906; 46: 1283-1285.
Davidson AM, Gregory PH. In situ cultures of dermatophytes. Can J Res 1934; 10: 373-393.
5
de Almeida FP. Lesões cutaneas da blastomicose em cavalos experimentalmente infestados.
[Cutaneous lesions of blastomycosis in horses experimentally infected]. An Fac Med
1928; 3: 59-64.
de Almeida FP, Lacaz CS. Blastomicose “tipo Jorge Lobo”. [Blastomycosis “type Jorge
Lobo”]. An Fac Med Univ Sao Paulo 1948-1949; 24: 5-37.
de Hoog GS, Gueho E, Masclaux F, et al. Nutritional physiology and taxonomy of humanpathogenic Cladosporium-Xylohypha species. J Med Vet Mycol 1995; 33: 339-347.
de Hoog GS, Guarro J. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 1st edn. Utrecht/Reus: Centraalbureau voor
Schimmelcultures/Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1995.
de Hoog GS, Guého E. Agents of white piedra, black piedra and tinea nigra. In: Ajello L, Hay
RJ, eds Medical Mycology, Vol. 4, Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial
Infections, 9th ed. London: Arnold, 1998: 192-197.
de Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gene J, Figueras MJ. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd edn. Utrecht/Reus:
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures/Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2000.
Della Porta G. Phytognomonica, Napoli: Horatium Saluianum, 1588.
Diamond RD, Krzesicki R, Epstein B, Jao W. Damage to hyphal forms of fungi by human
leukocytes in vitro. A possible host defense mechanism in aspergillosis and
mucormycosis. Am J Pathol 1978; 91: 313-328.
Diamond RD, Krzesicki R. Mechanisms of attachment of neutrophils to Candida albicans
pseudohyphae in the absence of serum, and of subsequent damage to pseudohyphae by
microbicidal processes of neutrophils in vitro. J Clin Invest 1978; 61: 360-369.
Dodge CW. Medical Mycology, St Louis: C.V. Mosby Co., 1935.
Dromer F, Charreire J, Contrepois A, Carbon C, Yeni P. Protection of mice against
experimental cryptococcosis by anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody.
Infect Immun 1987; 55: 749-752.
6
Drouhet E, Segretain G, Aubert JP. Polyoside capsulaire d’un champignon pathogene
Torulopsis neoformans; relation avec la virulence. [Capsular polyoside of a pathogenic
fungus Torulopsis neoformans; relation to virulence]. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1950;
79: 891-900.
Drouhet E. The Birth of ISHAM: 1953, Rome, Italy. Mycopathologia 1997; 139: 63-70.
Eichstedt CF. Pilzbildung in der Pityriasis versicolor. [Fungus in Pityriasis versicolor]. N
Notiz Geb Nat Heilk 1846; 39: 270-271.
Elson WO. The Antibacterial and Fungistatic Properties of Propamidine. J Infect Dis 1945;
76: 193-197.
Emmons CW. Dermatophytes: natural grouping based on form of the spores and accessory
organs. Arch Dermatol 1934; 30: 337-362.
Emmons CW. Allescheria boydii and Monosporium apiospermum. Mycologia 1944; 36: 188193.
Emmons CW. Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from soil. Public Health Rep 1949; 64:
892-896.
Emmons CW. Saprophytic sources of Cryptococcus neoformans associated with the pigeon
(Columba livia). Am J Hyg 1955; 62: 227-232.
Emmons CW, Binford CH, Utz JP. Medical Mycology, 1st edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger,
1963.
Emmons CW, Binford CH, Utz JP. Medical Mycology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger,
1970.
Emmons CW, Binford CH, Utz JP, Kwon-Chung KJ. Medical Mycology, 3rd edn.
Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1977.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Theophrastus, Chisholm H, ed. 11th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1911:787.
7
Espinel-Ingroff A. History of medical mycology in the United States. Clin Microbiol Rev
1996; 9: 235-272.
Espinel-Ingroff A. Medical Mycology in the United States. A Hystorical Analysis (18941996), Dordrecht: Kluver Academic Publishers, 2003.
Evans EE. An immunologic comparison of 12 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans (Torula
histolytica). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1949; 71: 644-646.
Evans EE, Kessel JF. The antigenic composition of Cryptococcus neoformans. II. Serologic
studies with the capsular polysaccharide. J Immunol 1951; 67: 109-114.
Ferron P, Fargues J, Riba G. Fungi as microbial insecticides against pests. In: Arora DK,
Ajello L, Mukerji KG, eds Handbook of Applied Mycology, Vol. 2: Humans, Animals,
and Insects, 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1991: 665-706.
Fineman BC. A study of the thrush parasite. J Infect Dis 1921; 28: 185-200.
Fisher MC, Koenig GL, White TJ, Taylor JW. Molecular and phenotypic description of
Coccidioides posadasii sp. nov., previously recognized as the non-California
population of Coccidioides immitis. Mycologia 2002; 94: 73-84.
Fleming A. On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium with special reference to
their use in the isolation of B. influenzae. Br J Exp Pathol 1929; 10: 226-236.
Fresenius JBGW. Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. In: Beiträge zur Mykologie, Frankfurt A.M.:
Heinrich Ludwig Brünner, 1863: 81-82.
Galgiani JN, Isenberg RA, Stevens DA. Chemotaxigenic activity of extracts from the
mycelial and spherule phases of Coccidioides immitis for human polymorphonuclear
leukocytes. Infect Immun 1978; 21: 862-865.
Gemeinhardt H. 150 Jahre Medizinische Mykologie. [150 years of medical mycology]. Z
Gesamte Hyg 1990; 36: 191-194.
8
Gentles JC. Experimental ringworm in guinea pigs: oral treatment with griseofulvin. Nature
1958; 182: 476-477.
Georg LK, Ajello L, Gordon MA. A selective medium for the isolation of Coccidioides
immitis. Science 1951; 114: 387-389.
Georg LK, Camp LB. Routine nutritional tests for the identification of dermatophytes. J
Bacteriol 1957; 74: 113-121.
Ghosh LM, Dey NC, Panja D. Madura foot (mycetoma). Ind Med Gaz 1950; 85: 288-291.
Gilchrist TC. A case of blastomycetic dermatitis in man. Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep 1896; 1:
269-283.
Gilchrist TC, Stokes WR. A case of pseudo-lupus vulgaris caused by a Blastomyces. J Exp
Med 1898; 3: 53-78.
Gilgado F, Cano J, Gene J, Sutton DA, Guarro J. Molecular and phenotypic data supporting
distinct species statuses for Scedosporium apiospermum and Pseudallescheria boydii
and the proposed new species Scedosporium dehoogii. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 766771.
Gilgado F, Gene J, Cano J, Guarro J. Heterothallism in Scedosporium apiospermum and
description of its teleomorph Pseudallescheria apiosperma sp. nov. Med Mycol 2010;
48: 122-128.
Godfrey J. Bellary Dispensary: Madras Presidency, India. The Lancet 1846; 47: 593-594.
Gold W, Stout HA, Pagano JF, Donovick R. Amphotericin A and B, antifungal antibiotics
produced by a streptomycete. I. In vitro studies. In: Welch H, Marti-Ibanez F, eds
Antibiotics Annual 1955-1956, New York: Medical Encyclopedia, 1956: 579-586.
Gomori G. A new histochemical test for glycogen and mucin. Am J Clin Pathol 1946; 10:
177-179.
9
Gordon MA. The lipophilic mycoflora of the skin. I. In vitro culture of Pityrosporum
orbiculare n. sp. Mycologia 1951; 43: 524-535.
Gridley MF. A stain for fungi in tissue sections. Am J Clin Pathol 1953; 23: 303-307.
Griffin DM. The re-discovery of Gymnoascus gypseum, the perfect state of Microsporum
gypseum, and a note on Trichophyton terrestre. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1960; 43: 637-642.
Grocott RG. A stain for fungi in tissue sections and smears using Gomori’s methenaminesilver nitrate technic. Am J Clin Pathol 1955; 25: 975-979.
Hageage GJ, Harrington BJ. Use of calcofluor white in clinical mycology. Lab Med 1984; 15:
109-112.
Harrell ER, Curtis AC. The treatment of North American blastomycosis with amphotericin B.
AMA Arch Derm 1957; 76: 561-569.
Hasenclever HF, Mitchell WO. Antigenic studies of Candida. I. Observation of two antigenic
groups in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1961; 82: 570-573.
Hazen EL, Brown R. Two antifungal agents produced by a soil actinomycete. Science 1950;
112: 423.
Heiner DC. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis using precipitin reactions in agar gel. Pediatrics
1958; 22: 616-627.
Hektoen L, Perkins CF. Refractory subcutaneous abscesses by Sporothrix schenckii. A new
pathogenic fungus. J Exp Med 1900; 5: 77-89.
Henrici AT. An Endotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus. J Immunol 1939; 36: 319-338.
Hirsch EF, Benson H. Specific Skin and Testis Reactions with Culture Filtrates of
Coccidioides Immitis. J Infect Dis 1927; 40: 629-633.
Hodges RS. Cultures of ringworm fungi on Sabouraud’s proof mediums and on mediums
prepared with American Peptones and sugars: a comparative study. Arch Derm Syphilol
1928; 18: 852-856.
10
Homei A. Specialization and medical mycology in the US, Britain and Japan. Stud Hist
Philos Biol Biomed Sci 2008; 39: 80-92.
Honbo S, Standard PG, Padhye AA, Ajello L, Kaufman L. Antigenic relationships among
Cladosporium species of medical importance. Sabouraudia 1984; 22: 301-310.
Hooke R. Micrographia: or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by
Magnifying Glasses, 1st edn. London: J. Martyn and J. Allestry, 1665.
Howard DH, Otto V. Experiments on lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity in murine
histoplasmosis. Infect Immun 1977; 16: 226-231.
Huppert M, Keeney EL. Immunization against superficial fungous infection. II. Studies on
human volunteer subjects. J Invest Dermatol 1959; 32: 15-19.
Huppert M, Oliver DJ, Sun SH. Combined methenamine-silver nitrate and hematoxylin &
eosin stain for fungi in tissues. J Clin Microbiol 1978; 8: 598-603.
Jacobson ES, Ayers DJ, Harrell AC, Nicholas CC. Genetic and phenotypic characterization
of capsule mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Bacteriol 1982; 150: 1292-1296.
Jacobson ES, Emery HS. Catecholamine uptake, melanization, and oxygen toxicity in
Cryptococcus neoformans. J Bacteriol 1991; 173: 401-403.
Julini M, Marchisio M. Ignazio Micellone: Ufficale e ricercatore. [Ignazio Micellone: Officer
and Investigator]. Rivista Militare di Medicina Veterinaria 1992; 4: 40- 43.
Karling JS. Keratinophilic chytrids. 1. Rhizophydium keratinophilum n. sp., a saprophyte
isolated on human hair, and its parasite, Phlyctidium mycetophagum n. sp. Am J Bot
1946; 33: 751-757.
Keeney EL, Huppert M. Immunization against superficial fungous infection. I. Studies on
experimental animals. J Invest Dermatol 1959; 32: 7-13.
Kessler G, Nickerson WJ. Glucomannan-protein complexes from cell walls of yeasts. J Biol
Chem 1959; 234: 2281-2285.
11
Kiehn TE, Bernard EM, Gold JW, Armstrong D. Candidiasis: detection by gas-liquid
chromatography of D-arabinitol, a fungal metabolite, in human serum. Science 1979;
206: 577-580.
Kligman AM, Mescon H, DeLamater ED. The Hotchkiss-McManus stain for the
histopathologic diagnosis of fungus diseases. Am J Clin Pathol 1951; 21: 86-91.
Knoke M, Bernhardt H. The first description of an oesophageal candidosis by Bernhard von
Langenbeck in 1839. Mycoses 2006; 49: 283-287.
Knoke M, Schwesinger G. Vor 100 Jahren: Die Geschichte der Cryptococcose in Greifswald.
Medizinische Mykologie im 19. Jahrhundert. [One hundred years ago: the history of
cryptococcosis in Greifswald. Medical mycology in the nineteenth century]. Mycoses
1994; 37: 229-233.
Kwon-Chung KJ. Emmonsiella capsulata: perfect state of Histoplasma capsulatum. Science
1972; 177: 368-369.
Kwon-Chung KJ. A new genus, Filobasidiella, the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans.
Mycologia 1975a; 67: 1197-1200.
Kwon-Chung KJ. Perfect state (Emmonsiella capsulata) of the fungus causing large-form
African histoplasmosis. Mycologia 1975b; 67: 980-990.
Kwon-Chung KJ, de Vries GA. Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus
with Cladosporium trichoides. Sabouraudia 1983; 21: 59-72.
Kwon-Chung KJ, Lehman D, Good C, Magee PT. Genetic evidence for role of extracellular
proteinase in virulence of Candida albicans. Infect Immun 1985; 49: 571-575.
Kwon-Chung KJ, Wickes BL, Plaskowitz J. Taxonomic clarification of Cladosporium
trichoides Emmons and its subsequent synonyms. J Med Vet Mycol 1989; 27: 413-426.
Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE. Medical Mycology, 1st edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1992.
12
Kwon-Chung KJ, Edman JC, Wickes BL. Genetic association of mating types and virulence
in Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 1992; 60: 602-605.
Land GA, Vinton EC, Adcock GB, Hopkins JM. Improved auxanographic method for yeast
assimilations: a comparison with other approaches. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 2: 206-217.
Lane CG. A cutaneous lesion caused by a new fungus (Phialophora verrucosa). J Cutan Dis
1915; 33: 840-846.
Langenbeck B. Auffindung von Pilzen auf der Schleimhaut der Speiseröhre einer Typhusleiche. [Finding of fungi on the mucous membrane of the gullet of a typhoid fever
corpse]. N Notiz Geb Nat Heilk 1839; 12: 146-147.
Langeron M, Milochevitch S. Morphologie des dermatophytes sur milieux naturel et milieux
a base de polysaccharides. Essai de classification (Deuxieme mémoire). [The
morphology of dermatophytes on natural media and on media containing,
polysaccharides. Tentative classification. (Second memoir)]. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp
1930; 8: 465-508.
Langeron M. Précis de mycologie. Mycologie générale. Mycologie médicale. Paris: Masson
et Cie, 1945.
Langeron M, Vanbreuseghem R. Précis de mycologie. Mycologie générale. Mycologie
humaine et animale. Techniques, 2nd edn. Paris: Masson et Cie, 1952.
Lazzari G. Storia della Micologia Italiana. Contributo dei botanici italiani allo sviluppo delle
scienze micologiche, Trento: Arti Grafiche Saturnia, 1973.
Leach BE, Ford JH, Whiffen AJ. Actidione, an antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus. J Am
Chem Soc 1947; 69: 474.
Leff S, Leff V. From Witchcraft to World Health, London and Southampton: Camelot Press
Ltd, 1956.
13
Lehmann PF, Reiss E. Invasive aspergillosis: antiserum for circulating antigen produced after
immunization with serum from infected rabbits. Infect Immun 1978; 20: 570-572.
Lehrer RI, Cline MJ. Interaction of Candida albicans with human leukocytes and serum. J
Bacteriol 1969; 98: 996-1004.
Levitz SM, Diamond RD. Mechanisms of resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia to
killing by neutrophils in vitro. J Infect Dis 1985; 152: 33-42.
Levitz SM, Selsted ME, Ganz T, Lehrer RI, Diamond RD. In vitro killing of spores and
hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae by rabbit neutrophil cationic
peptides and bronchoalveolar macrophages. J Infect Dis 1986; 154: 483-489.
Liebig J. Ueber die Erscheinungen der Gärung, Fäulnis und Verwesung, und ihre Ursachen.
[Concerning the phenomena of fermentation, putrefaction and decay, and their causes].
Annalen der Physik und Chemie 1839; 48: 106-150.
Liebig J, Wöhler F, Hofmann AW. Aus Justus Liebig’s und Friedrich Wöhler’s Briefwechsel
in den jahren 1829-1873, Braunschweig Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1888.
Link JHF. Observationes in Ordines plantarum naturales. Dissertatio prima, complectens
Anandrarum ordines Epiphytas, Mucedines Gastomycos et Fungos. [Observations on
the natural orders of plants. First treatise, comprising Anandrarum orders Epiphytas,
Mucedines Gastomycos and Fungi]. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu
Berlin. Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde 1809; 3:
1-42.
Lobo JO. Nova espécie de blastomycose. [New species of blastomycosis]. Brasil Med 1930;
44: 1227.
Lobo J. Contribução ao estudo das blastomycoses [Tese de livre-docência à cadeira de
Dermatologia e Sifilografia na Faculdade Medica de Recife]: Recife; 1933.
14
Lodder J, Kreger-Van Rij NJW. The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, 1st edn. Amsterdam: North
Holland Publishing Co., 1952.
Loeb J. The Dynamics of Living Matter, New York: Columbia University Press, 1906.
Lott TJ, Boiron P, Reiss E. An electrophoretic karyotype for Candida albicans reveals large
chromosomes in multiples. Mol Gen Genet 1987; 209: 170-174.
Louria DB, Brayton RG. Behavior of Candida Cells within Leukocytes. Proc Soc Exp Biol
Med 1964; 115: 93-98.
Lutz A. A pseudococcidic mycosis of the mouth observed in Brazil. Contribution to the
knowledge of American hyphoblastomycoses. Brazil-Medico 1908; 13: 121-124 [in
Portuguese].
Mackenzie DWR. Studies on the Biology of Pathogenic Fungi [PhD Thesis], Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh, 1958.
Magee BB, Koltin Y, Gorman JA, Magee PT. Assignment of cloned genes to the seven
electrophoretically separated Candida albicans chromosomes. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:
4721-4726.
Malpighi M. Marcelli Malpighii Philosophi & Medici Bononiensis e Regia Societate Opera
Omnia, London: R. Scott & G. Wells, 1686.
Manson P. Notes on tinea imbricata, an undescribed species of body ringworm. Medical
Reports. China Inspectorate General of Customs. Shanghai 1878; 16: 1-11.
Marcano C. Professor Dante Borelli, in memoriam. Rev Iberoam Micol 1997; 14: 197.
Marcone G. La saccaromicosi degli equini (farcino d’Africa, linfangite epizootica, farcino
criptococchico, ecc.). [The equine saccharomycosis (farcy of Africa, epizootic
lymphangitis, cryptococcal farcy, etc.)]. Atti del Regio Istituto d’incoraggiamento di
Napoli 1895; 8: 1-19.
15
Maresca B, Medoff G, Schlessinger D, Kobayashi GS. Regulation of dimorphism in the
pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Nature 1977; 266: 447-448.
Margarot J, Devèze P. Aspect de quelques dermatoses en lumiere ultra-paraviolette.
[Appearance of some dermatoses in ultra-paraviolet light]. Bull. Soc Sci Med et Biol de
Montpellier 1925; 6: 375-378.
Margulis L, Schwartz KV. Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on
Earth, 2nd edn. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1988.
Matsumoto T, Ajello L. Agents of phaeohyphomycosis. In: Ajello L, Hay RJ, eds Medical
Mycology, Vol. 4, Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th ed.
London: Arnold, 1998: 503-524.
Mayer AC, Emmert L. Verschimmelung (Mucedo) im lebenden Körper. [Mold growth
(Mucedo) in the living body]. Deutsches Archiv für die Physiologie 1815; 1: 310-312.
McGinnis MR. Human pathogenic species of Exophiala, Phialophora and Wangiella. In:
Fourth International Conference on the Mycoses, 1977: Pan American Health
Organization Scientific Publications, 1977: 37-59.
McGinnis MR, Katz B. Ajellomyces and its synonym Emmonsiella. Mycotaxon 1979; 8: 157164.
McGinnis MR, Padhye AA, Ajello L. Pseudallescheria Negroni et Fischer, 1943 and its later
synonym Petriellidium Malloch, 1970. 1982; Mycotaxon 14: 94-102.
McGinnis MR, Borelli D. Cladosporium bantianum and its synonym Cladosporium
trichoides. Mycotaxon 1981; 13: 127-136.
McGinnis MR, Borelli D, Padhye AA, Ajello L. Reclassification of Cladosporium bantianum
in the genus Xylohypha. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23: 1148-1151.
Medlar EM. A cutaneous Infection caused by a new Fungus, Phialophora Verrucosa, with a
Study of the Fungus. J Med Res 1915; 32: 507-522.
16
Meissner G. Pilzbildung in den Nägeln. [Fungus in the nails]. Arch Physiol Heilkünde 1853;
12: 193-196.
Micheli PA. Nova Plantarum Genera Juxta Tournefortii Methodum Disposita, Firenze Typis
Bernardi Paperninii, 1729.
Miller BL, Miller KY, Timberlake WE. Direct and indirect gene replacements in Aspergillus
nidulans. Mol Cell Biol 1985; 5: 1714-1721.
Morrow B, Srikantha T, Soll DR. Transcription of the gene for a pepsinogen, PEP1, is
regulated by white-opaque switching in Candida albicans. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:
2997-3005.
Murphy JW, Gregory JA, Larsh HW. Skin testing of guinea pigs and footpad testing of mice
with a new antigen for detecting delayed hypersensitivity to Cryptococcus neoformans.
Infect Immun 1974; 9: 404-409.
Nannizzi A. Ricerche sui rapporti morfologici e biologici tra Gymnoascaceae e
dermatomiceti. [Researches on the morphological and biological relationship between
Gymnoascaceae and fungi of the skin]. Ann Mycol 1926; 24: 85-129.
Nannizzi A. Ricerche sull’origine saprofitica dei funghi delle tigne. Il Gymnoascus gypseum
sp.n. forma ascofora del Sabouraudites (Achorion) gypseum (Bodin) Ota et Langeron.
[Research on the origin of ringworm saprophytic fungi. The Gymnoascus gypseum sp.n.
ascigerous form of Sabouraudites (Achorion) gypseum (Bodin) Ota et Langeron]. Atti
della Reale Accademia dei Fisiocritici in Siena 1927; 2: 89-97.
Nannizzi A. Sulla posizione sistematica dei dermatomiceti. [On the systematic position of the
fungi of the skin]. Atti Ist Bot Univ Pavia 1930; 2: 103-110.
Nannizzi A. Repertorio Sistematico dei Miceti dell’Uomo e degli Animali, Siena: S. A.
Poligrafica Meini; 1934.
17
Neill JM, Sugg JY, Mc CD. Serologically reactive material in spinal fluid, blood, and urine
from a human case of cryptococcosis (torulosis). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1951; 77: 775778.
Newberry WM, Jr., Chandler JW, Jr., Chin TD, Kirkpatrick CH. Immunology of the
mycoses. I. Depressed lymphocyte transformation in chronic histoplasmosis. J Immunol
1968; 100: 436-443.
Nickerson WJ. Reduction of inorganic substances by yeasts. I. Extracellular reduction of
sulfite by species of Candida. J Infect Dis 1953; 93: 43-56.
Nickerson WJ, Mankowski Z. Role of nutrition in the maintenance of the yeast-shape in
Candida. Am J Bot 1953; 40: 584-592.
Nickerson WJ. An enzymatic locus participating in cellular division of a yeast. J Gen Physiol
1954; 37: 483-494.
Niño F. Contribución al estudio de las blastomicosis en la República Argentina. [Contribution
to the study of blastomycosis in Argentina]. Bol Inst Clínica 1938; 117: 380-400.
Nordenskiöld E. The History of Biology. New York: Tudor Publishing Co., 1928.
Olaiya AF, Sogin SJ. Ploidy determination of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1979; 140:
1043-1049.
Ota M, Langeron M. Nouvelle classification des dermatophytes. [New classification of
dermatophytes]. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1923; 1: 305-336.
Ouchterlony O. Antigen-antibody reactions in gels. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1949; 26:
507-515.
Oxford AE, Raistrick H, Simonart P. Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. LX.
Griseofulvin, C(17)H(17)O(6)Cl, a metabolic product of Penicillium griseo-fulvum
Dierckx. Biochem J 1939; 33: 240-248.
18
Pappagianis D. Coccidoides immitis. In: Ajello L, Hay RJ, eds Medical Mycology, Vol. 4,
Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th ed. London: Arnold,
1998: 357-371.
Pasteur L. Mémoire sur la fermentation alcoolique. [Dissertation on alcoholic fermentation].
Annales de Chimie et de Physique 1860; 58: 323-426.
Pasteur L. Influence de l'oxygène sur le développement de la levure et la fermentation
alcoolique. [Influence of oxygen on the development of yeast and alcoholic
fermentation]. Bulletin de la Société chimique de Paris 1861: 79-80.
Pine L. Studies on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum. I. Growth of the yeast phase in
liquid media. J Bacteriol 1954; 68: 671-679.
Pine L, Peacock CL. Studies on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum. IV. Factors
influencing conversion of the mycelial phase to the yeast phase. J Bacteriol 1958; 75:
167-174.
Pinetti P. Rivista critica della letteratura micologica medica in Italia tra il 1946 ed il 1956.
[Analytic review of the medical mycology literature in Italy between 1946 and 1956].
Mycopathologia 1959; 11: 155-169.
Pinetti P. Scripta Mycologica. Pubblicazioni Micologiche del Prof. P. Pinetti e dei suoi
Collaboratori, 1933-1961, Cagliari: Società Editoriale Italiana, 1961.
Pinetti P. Trichophyton violaceum (Bodin 1902), Torino: Minerva Medica, 1962.
Pinetti P. Le Dermofizie Professionali, Cagliari: Società Editoriale Italiana, 1964.
Pinetti P. In memoriam Arturo Nannizzi. Mycopathologia 1962; 18: 235-239.
Pinetti P. Le Dermatofizie, Padova: Piccin Editore, 1977.
Pollacci G. Sulla posizione sistematica dei Miceti delle Tigne (Rivendicazione). [On the
systematic position of ringworm fungi (claim)]. Atti Ist Bot Lab Critt R Università di
Pavia 1932; 3: 15-18.
19
Pontecorvo G. Mitotic recombination in the genetic systems of filamentous fungi. Caryologia
1954; 6 Suppl.: 192-200.
Posadas A. Un nuevo caso de micosis fungoidea con psorospermias. [A new case of mycosis
fungoides with psorosperms]. An Circ Med Argent 1892; 15: 585-597.
Pradinaud R. Loboa loboi. In: Ajello L, Hay RJ, eds Medical Mycology, Vol. 4, Topley &
Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th ed. London: Arnold, 1998: 586594.
Rachini A, Pietrella D, Lupo P, et al. An anti-beta-glucan monoclonal antibody inhibits
growth and capsule formation of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and exerts
therapeutic, anticryptococcal activity in vivo. Infect Immun 2007; 75: 5085-5094.
Radaeli F. Micosi del piede da Monosporium apiospermum. [Mycosis of the foot caused by
Monosporium apiospermum]. Lo Sperimentale 1911; 65: 383-414.
Radaeli F. Caso singolare di alterazione cutanea e profonda di natura probabilmente micotica
in un piede. [Unusual case of alteration of skin and deep in the foot probably of fungal
nature]. Giornale Italiano Malattie Veneree e della Pelle 1911; 52: 109-116.
Radaeli F. Sulla “monosporosi” (a proposito di una nota di rettifica e di rivendicazione). [“On
monosporiosis” (about a correction and claim note)]. Lo Sperimentale 1914; 68: 286304.
Raju TN. The Nobel chronicles. 1945: Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955); Sir Ernst Boris
Chain (1906-79); and Baron Howard Walter Florey (1898-1968). Lancet 1999; 353:
936.
Raper KB, Thom C. A Manual of the Penicillia, 1st edn. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins
Co; 1949.
Raper KB, Fennell DI. The Genus Aspergillus, 1st edn. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins
Co., 1965.
20
Redaelli P. Tecnica Micologica Medica - Patogenesi ed Anatomia Patologica Generale delle
Micosi Umane e degli Animali, 1st edn. Bologna: L. Cappelli, 1931.
Redaelli P, Ciferri R. Affinité entre les agents de l'histoplasmose humaine, du farcin équin et
d'une mycose spontanée des muridés. [Affinity between the human agents of
histoplasmosis, the equine farcy and a spontaneous murine mycosis]. Boll Sez Ital Soc
Internaz Microbiol 1934; 6: 376-379.
Redaelli P, Ciferri R. Le Granulomatosi Fungine dell’Uomo nelle Regioni Tropicali e
Subtropicali, 1st edn. Firenze: Sansoni Edizioni Scientifiche, 1942.
Reiss E, Lehmann PF. Galactomannan antigenemia in invasive aspergillosis. Infect Immun
1979; 25: 357-365.
Reynolds R, Braude A. The filament-inducing property of blood for Candida albicans: Its
nature and significance. Clin Res Proc 1956; 4: 40.
Rippon JW, Garber ED. Dermatophyte pathogenicity as a function of mating type and
associated enzymes. J Invest Dermatol 1969; 53: 445-448.
Riva A. Pino Pinetti 1904-1979. Rassegna Medica Sarda 1979; 82: 5-9.
Rivalier E, Seydel S. Cultures minces sur lames gélosées colorées et examinées "in situ" en
préparations définitives pour l'étude des Cryptogames microscopiques. [Thin agar
cultures on slides stained and examined "in situ" in final preparations for the study of
microscopic Cryptogams]. CR Soc Biol 1932a; 110: 181-184.
Rivalier E, Seydel S. Nouveau procedé de culture sur lames gélosées appliqué a l'étude
microscopique des champignos des teignes. [New culture method on slides applied to
the study of microscopic fungi of the skin]. Ann Parasit Hum Comp 1932b; 10: 444452.
21
Rivolta S. Dei Parassiti Vegetali come Introduzione allo Studio delle Malattie Parassitarie e
delle Alterazioni dell’Alimento degli Animali Domestici, 1st ed. Torino: Giulio Speirani
& Figli, 1873: 246-252, 524-525.
Rivolta S, Micellone I. Del farcino criptococchico. [Cryptococcal farcy]. Giornale
d’Anatomia Fisiologia e Patologia degli Animali 1883; 15: 143-162.
Rixford E, Gilchrist TC. Two cases of protozoan (coccidioidal) infection of the skin and other
organs. Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep 1896; 1: 209-268.
Robin C. Histoire naturelle des végétaux parasites qui croissent sur l’homme et sur les
animaux vivants, 1st edn. Paris: Baillière, 1853.
Rocha-Lima H. Beitrag zur kenntnis der Blastomykoses Lymphangitis epizootica und
Histoplasmosia. [Contribution to the knowledge of Blastomycoses lymphangitis
epizootica and Histoplasmosis]. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1913; 67: 233-249.
Roberts GD, Wang HS, Hollick GE. Evaluation of the API 20 c microtube system for the
identification of clinically important yeasts. J Clin Microbiol 1976; 3: 302-305.
Roux G, Linossier G. Recherches morphologiques sur le champignon du muguet.
[Morphological research on the fungus of thrush]. Arch Med Exp Anat Pathol 1890; 2:
62- 87.
Ruchel R. Properties of a purified proteinase from the yeast Candida albicans. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1981; 659: 99-113.
Sabouraud R. Les Teignes, Paris: Masson et Cie., 1910.
Saccardo PA. Notae Mycologicae. [Mycological notes]. Ann Mycol 1911; 9: 253-255.
Saccardo PA. Notae Mycologicae. I. Fungi ex Gallia, Abyssinia, Japonia, Mexico, Canada,
Amer. bor. et centr. [Mycological notes. I. Fungi of France, Abyssinia, Japan, Mexico,
Canada, northern and central America]. Ann Mycol 1912; 10: 310-322.
22
Saccardo PA. Sylloge Fungorum Omnium Hucusque Cognitorum, In. Padova: Typis
Seminarii, 1913: 1344.
Salvin SB. Phase-determining factors in Blastomyces dermatitidis. Mycologia 1949; 41: 311319.
Samson RA, van der Aa HA, Hoog de GS. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures: hundred
years microbial resource centre. Studies in Mycology 2004; 50: 1-8.
San-Blas G, San-Blas F. Immune and chemical responses to paracoccidioidomycosis. In:
Jacobs PH, Nall L, eds Fungal Disease, Biology, Immunology, and Diagnosis, 1st ed.
New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1997: 219-235.
San-Blas G. From magic to science: a journey throughout Latin American medical mycology.
Med Mycol 2000; 38 Suppl 1: 1-8.
Sanfelice F. Contributo alla morfologia e biologia dei blastomiceti che si sviluppano nei
succhi di alcuni frutti. [Contribution to the morphology and biology of blastomycetes
that develop in some fruit juices]. Ann Ist Ig R Univ Roma 1894; 4: 463-495.
Sanfelice F. Sull’azione patogena dei blastomiceti. I [On the pathogenic action of
blastomycetes. I]. Ann Ist Ig R Univ Roma 1895a; 5: 239-262.
Sanfelice F. Über einen neuen pathogenen Blastomyceten, welcher innerhalb der Gewebe
unter Bildung kalkartig aussehender Massen degeneriert. [On a new pathogenic
Blastomycetes, which degenerates in the tissue to form chalky-looking masses].
Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infekt Hyg 1895b; 18: 521-526 [in German].
Sanfelice F. Sull’azione patogena dei blastomiceti come contributo alla etiologia dei tumori
maligni. [On the pathogenic action of blastomycetes as a contribution to the etiology of
malignant tumors]. Il Policlinico, Sezione Chirurgica 4 1895c; 2: 201-211.
Sarachek A, Rhoads DD, Schwarzhoff RH. Hybridization of Candida albicans through
fusion of protoplasts. Arch Microbiol 1981; 129: 1-8.
23
Schenck BR. On refractory subcutaneous abscesses caused by a fungus possibly related to the
Sporotricha. Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull 1898; 9 286-290.
Scherer S, Davis RW. Replacement of chromosome segments with altered DNA sequences
constructed in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76: 4951-4955.
Scherer S, Stevens DA. Application of DNA typing methods to epidemiology and taxonomy
of Candida species. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 675-679.
Schönlein JL. Zur Pathogenie der Impetigines. In: Müller J, ed. Archiv für Anatomie,
Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin, 1st ed. Berlin: Veit, 1839: 82.
Seeber GR. Un nuevo esporozoario parásito del hombre. Dos casos encontrados en pólipos
nasales, Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, 1900.
Segretain G. Penicillium marneffei n.sp., agent of a mycosis of the reticuloendothelial
system. Mycopathologia 1959; 11: 327-353 [in French].
Serri F. Necrologio. Pino Pinetti (1904-1979). [Obituary. Pino Pinetti (1904-1979)]. Giorn
Ital Derm Vener 1979; 115: 182-183.
Shadomy S. In vitro studies with 5-fluorocytosine. Appl Microbiol 1969; 17: 871-877.
Shadomy HJ. Clamp connections in two strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. In: Ahearn DG,
ed. Recent Trends in Yeast Research, Atlanta: Georgia State University, 1970: 67-72.
Shear CL. Life history of an undescribed ascomycete isolated from a granular mycetoma of
man. Mycologia 1922; 14: 239-243.
Sleytr UB, Messner P. Crystalline bacterial cell surfaces layers (S layers). In: Schaechter M,
ed. The Desk Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic
Press; 2003: 286-293.
Slutsky B, Buffo J, Soll DR. High-frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida
albicans. Science 1985; 230: 666-669.
Spallanzani L. Opuscoli di fisica animale, e vegetabile, Modena: Società Tipografica, 1776.
24
Splendore A. Zymomematosi con localizzazione nella cavità della bocca, osservata in
Brasile. [Zymomematosis with localization in the cavity of the mouth, observed in
Brazil]. B Soc Pathol Exot 1912; 5: 313-319.
Srikantha T, Soll DR. A white-specific gene in the white-opaque switching system of
Candida albicans. Gene 1993; 131: 53-60.
Stahl GE. Zymotechnia Fundamentalis, seu fermentationis theoria generalis...simulque
experimentum novum sulphur verum arte producendi, 1st edn. Halle: Typis &
sumptibus Christoph. Salfeldii, 1697.
Staib F, Randhawa HS, Senska M, Blisse A, Walkow R. Peaches and peach juice as a
nutrient for Cryptococcus neoformans with comments on some observations of F.
Sanfelice. In: Iwata K, editor. Yeasts and Yeast-like Microorganisms in Medical
Science. 2nd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts, 1972; Tokyo: University
of Tokyo Press, 1972: 149-154.
Staib F. Serum-proteins as nitrogen source for yeastlike fungi. Sabouraudia 1965; 4: 187193.
Standard PG, Kaufman L. Specific immunological test for the rapid identification of
members of the genus Histoplasma. J Clin Microbiol 1976; 3: 191-199.
Stenderup A, Leth Bak A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of Some Species within
the Genus Candida. J Gen Microbiol 1968; 52: 231-236.
Stewart RA, Meyer KF. Isolation of Coccidioides immitis (Stiles) from the soil. Proc Soc Exp
Biol Med 1932; 29 937-938.
Stigliani R. Particolarità istologiche della torulosi encefalica nei preparati originali Bantiani
della prima osservazione conosciuta. [Special features of brain torulosis in the original
histological preparations from Banti's first known observation]. Arch “De Vecchi”
Anat Patol Med Clin 1961; 36: 329-343.
25
Stockdale PM. Nannizzia incurvata gen. nov., sp. nov., a perfect state of Microsporum
gypseum (Bodin) Guiart et Grigorakis. Sabouraudia 1961; 1: 41-48.
Stockdale PM. The Microsporum gypseum complex (Nannizzia incurvata Stockd., N. gypsea
(Nann.) comb. nov., N. fulva sp. nov.). Sabouraudia 1964; 3: 114-26.
Storck R. Nucleotide composition of nucleic acids of fungi. II. Deoxyribonucleic acids. J
Bacteriol 1966; 91: 227-230.
Taborda PR, Taborda VA, McGinnis MR. Lacazia loboi gen. nov., comb. nov., the etiologic
agent of lobomycosis. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 2031-2033.
Tarozzi G. Ricerche anatomo-patologiche, bacteriologiche, e sperimentali sopra un caso di
actinomicosi del piede. [Histopathologic, bacteriological, and experimental studies on a
case of actinomycosis of the foot]. Arch Sci Med 1909; 33: 553-632.
Tarozzi G. A proposito di una nuova malattia dell'uomo, la monosporosi registrata in un
trattato di parassitologia: Nota di rettifica e di rivendicazione. [About a new human
disease, the monosporiosis, recorded in a treatise on parasitology: correction and claim
note]. Lo Sperimentale 1914; 68: 255-285.
Tassel D, Madoff MA. Treatment of Candida sepsis and Cryptococcus meningitis with 5fluorocytosine. A new antifungal agent. JAMA 1968; 206: 830-832.
The New Columbia Encyclopedia. Harris WH, Levey JS, eds. 4th ed. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1975.
Torosantucci A, Bromuro C, Chiani P, et al. A novel glyco-conjugate vaccine against fungal
pathogens. J Exp Med 2005; 202: 597-606.
Trejos A. Cladosporium carrionii n. sp. and the problem of Cladosporia isolated from
chromoblastomycosis. Rev Biol Trop 1954; 2: 75-112.
26
Vanbreuseghem R. Technique biologique pour l'isolement des dermatophytes du sol.
[Biological technique for the isolation of dermatophytes from soil]. Ann Soc Belg Méd
Trop 1952; 32: 173-178.
van Helmont JB. Ortus Medicinae, 1st edn. Amsterdam: Ludovicum Elzevirium, 1648.
Virchow R. Zur normalen und pathologischen Anatomie der Nägel und der Oberhaut.
[Normal and pathologic anatomy of the nail and cuticle]. Verhandl Physikal Med
Gesellsch Würzburg 1854; 5: 83-105.
Virchow R. Gedächtnissrede auf Joh. Lucas Schönlein, 1st edn. Berlin: August Hirschwald
Verlag, 1865.
Viviani MA. Obituary: Edouard Drouhet. 1999; Mycopathologia 148: 111-112.
Vogel RA. The indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of antibody in human
cryptococcal disease. J Infect Dis 1966; 116: 573-580.
Vuillemin P. Les blastomycètes pathogènes. [The pathogenic blastomycetes]. Rev Gen Sci
1901; 12: 732-751.
Walker JW. Further report of a previously recorded case of blastomycosis of the skin;
systemic infection with Blastomyces; death; autopsy. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc 1902;
38: 867-871.
Wanke B, Londero AT. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In: Ajello L, Hay RJ, eds Medical
Mycology, Vol. 4, Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th ed.
London: Arnold, 1998: 395-407.
Weeks RJ, Padhye AA, Ajello L. Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum: a new
combination for Histoplasma farciminosum. Mycologia 1985; 77: 964-970.
Weidman FD, Spring D. Comparison of ringworm culture ingredients: II and III. Arch
Dermatol 1928; 18: 829-851.
Weis JD. Four Pathogenic Torulae. (Blastomycetes). J Med Res 1902; 7: 280-311.
27
Weitzman I, McGinnis M, Padhye AA, Ajello L. The genus Arthroderma and its later
synonym Nannizzia. Mycotaxon 1986; 25: 505-518.
Wernicke R. Ueber einen Protozoenbefund bei Mycosis fungoides. [About protozoa findings
in mycosis fungoides]. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1892; 12: 859-861.
Whelan WL, Partridge RM, Magee PT. Heterozygosity and segregation in Candida albicans.
Mol Gen Genet 1980; 180: 107-113.
Whittaker RH. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better
represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms. Science 1969;
163: 150-160.
Wickerham LJ, Burton KA. Carbon assimilation tests for the classification of yeasts. J
Bacteriol 1948; 56: 363-371.
Wickerham LJ. Taxonomy of yeasts. 1. Techniques of classification. 2. A classification of the
genus Hansenula. U. S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1951; 1029: 1-56.
Wickes B, Staudinger J, Magee BB, et al. Physical and genetic mapping of Candida albicans:
several genes previously assigned to chromosome 1 map to chromosome R, the rDNAcontaining linkage group. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 2480-2484.
Wong B, Brauer KL. Enantioselective measurement of fungal D-arabinitol in the sera of
normal adults and patients with candidiasis. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 1670-1674.
Woolley DW. Some biological effects produced by benzimidazole and their reversal by
purines. J Biol Chem 1944; 152: 225-232.
Wright JH. A Case of Mycetoma (Madura Foot). J Exp Med 1898; 3: 421-433.
Zeidberg LD, Ajello L, Dillon A, Runyon LC. Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from
soil. Am J Public Health 1952; 42: 930-935.
28
Zenker W. Encephalitis mit Pilz Entwicklungen im Gehirn. [Encephalitis with fungal
development in the brain]. Jahresb D Gesellsch F Nat U Heilk in Dresden 1861-1862;
62: 51-52.
Ziegler-Bohme H, Gemeinhardt H. 150 Jahre Medizinische Mykologie seit Johann Lucas
Schoenlein. [150 years medical mycology since Johann Lucas Schoenlein]. Dermatol
Monatsschr 1990; 176: 623-631.
Zimmerman LE. Candida and Aspergillus endocarditis, with comments on the role of
antibiotics in dissemination of fungus disease. AMA Arch Pathol 1950; 50: 591-605.
Zopf WF. Die Pilze in morphologischer, physiologischer, biologischer und systematischer
Beziehung, Breslau: E. Trewendt, 1890.
29