Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment - Spatial Data Infrastructure for

Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment.
Principle of Architecture Risk Assessment ; Site Manager Data Base;
Risk map for a cultural heritage.
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Lerici Foundation in Myanmar
Since 2002 Lerici Foundation is involved in:
- archeological researches
- conservation projects
- training courses program of the Capacity building to safeguarding Cultural Heritage in
Myanmar for Ministry of Culture functionaries
In 2014:
Contributed to Pyu cities being nominated World heritage by UNESCO
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment
A team composed by eight international Architects with
the collaboration of the following Myanmar
Architects/Engns coordinated by Prof. Maurizio Boriani
has inspected 223 monuments in the three Cities:
I. Beikthano,
II. Halin,
III. Sri Ksetra.
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment
Sri Ksetra, Beikthano and Halin are complex and
articulated sites, the management of which entails a set
of
protection,
conservation
and
administration
operations: these actions involve a precise organisation of
interventions. Thus, the scheduling of these activities
should be planned first by defining an overall project,
afterwards by running the sites.
First of all though the priority was the investigation of Pyu
Monuments, the survey has been also extended to more
recent Pagodas/Stupas and Monasteries (17th-20th
Century) present in the core and part of buffer zone of
the three Pyu Cities.
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment

The Risk Map of Cultural Heritage represents for the Ministry of Culture (Province or
District Offices) the most advanced challenge to programme the conservation of Cultural
Asset (above all prevent its damage).

For Cultural Heritage we can intend the extremely stratified and varied complex of
testimonies of the past “that have a cultural value” (Archaeological monuments, Historical
Architectures, Cultural Landscape, Intangible Heritage, etc.)

In order to safeguard this asset we need to estimate in advance the risk factor (cause)
that one or more subject are liable to and give the possibility to suggest the opportune
actions to prevent and mitigate its deterioration.

The Risk Map then is a necessary tool for evaluating the Risk in order to intervene with
the most appropriate and effective ways and to mobilise the necessary financial resources.
Because the resources for Cultural Heritages are generally limited the Risk Map is a valid
instrument for the decision makers who have always to evaluate the priorities.
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment

In the context of our activities in Pyu cities we will deal
only with tangible Cultural Heritage and in particular
Archaeological and Monumental Sites.

This kind of cultural heritage in its physical component is
subject to a process of degradation caused by numerous
different factors (causes).

The term “Risk” is here used to indicate the probability
that this process will take place.
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment

“Risk factors” can be defined, in this respect, as all the physical, social and human
variables that can contribute towards the occurrence of a degradation process.
The studies of risk relating to the cultural heritage can be referred to three “statistic units”
(or classes):

TERRITORIAL RISK

IMPACT RISK
INDIVIDUAL RISK
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POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
Existing Pyu sites inventory
Existing Stupa inventory
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
Existing Pyu sites inventory
Existing Stupa inventory
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The Survey and synthetic evaluation criteria
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The Survey and synthetic evaluation criteria
Pyu archaeological remains
Good: Negligible and superficial decays
Poor: Some significant decays (detachments, erosions, superficial cracks, deposit, parts of
masonry/elements not connected)
Bad: At least one crack, evident parts of masonry/elements not connected, out of plumb
that do not concern the whole building, the capping of walls is damaged or absent.
Very Bad: more than one crack, evident parts of masonry/elements not connected that set
the building in danger of collapse. Some light collapses. The capping of walls is damaged.
Ruin: limited traces of walls, but the monument is still recognizable. A conservation project
can still be carried on.
Total collapse: Limited traces of walls. Any reconstruction intervention must be excluded.
Mound: the building is no longer recognizable. It could constitute an interest for
archaeological research. It is advisable to cover the remains, in order to protect them from
natural and anthropic agents.
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The Survey and synthetic evaluation criteria
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The Survey and synthetic evaluation criteria
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The Survey and synthetic evaluation criteria
Stupa and other high buildings
Good: Negligible and superficial decays
Poor: Some significant decays (detachments, erosions, superficial cracks, deposit ...)
Bad: At least one crack, evident parts of masonry/elements not connected, out of plumb
that do not concern the whole building;
Very Bad: more than one crack, evident parts of masonry/elements not connected that set
the building in danger of collapse. Some light collapses. The capping of walls is damaged or
absent.
Ruin: Partial collapses that concern at least 40% of the building. A conservation project can
still be carried on.
Total collapse: Limited traces of walls and decorations. Any reconstruction intervention
must be excluded.
Mound: the building is no longer recognizable. It could constitute an interest for
archaeological research. Eventually, it is possible to let the upper vegetation grow, if
present (possible landscape value).
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The Survey and synthetic evaluation criteria
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
FONDAZIONE ING. CARLO MAURILIO LERICI
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
Risk evaluation
Data related to the description and the state of conservation of each building were
collected through adequate surveys. Every operator filled in data-sheets directly in situ.
The final compiling of the database has been done only after having filled the required
data in the data-sheet and following an accurate photographic survey.
The data related to each monument have been inserted in the “architecture” section of
the database, divided into three different sites.
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POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro
Principles of Architecture Risk Assessment
The study was development under the scientific direction of Prof. Maurizio Boriani and Dr.
Mauro Cucarzi by architects Gianmario Bonfadini, Mara Landoni, Roberta Mastropirro,
Rosa Maria Rombolà, Raffaella Simonelli, Francesca Vigotti, from Polytechnic of Milano and
Dang Khan Ngoc and Hoa Ngoc Son from Institut for Conservation of Monuments of Hanoi.
The cards and GIS were designed by Dr. Giuliano Ambrosetti.
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Myanmar Pyu cities risk assessment by Mauro Cucarzi, Giuliano Ambrosetti, Roberta Mastropirro