Psicologia generale Memoria - Dipartimento di Psicologia

Transcript

Psicologia generale Memoria - Dipartimento di Psicologia
-%'+#./#"0%)12*#""*,3)45678
• 9:;<#%)<*&&()0*+:*3)<*#)=,%$*""#)<#)$%<#>$(3)
*&(?%,(@#%+*)*),(==,*"*+:(@#%+*)$A*)/#)(//*+'%+%B
!"#$%&%'#()'*+*,(&*
Friday, 6 May 2011
• C&)"%''*D%)$A*)(==,*+<*)+%+)E)=(""#/%3)?*+"F)(G/%3)
#+)H;(+:%)*&(?%,()*)"*&*@#%+()&*)#+I%,0(@#%+#)
=,%/*+#*+.)<(&&(),*(&:JB
1
Friday, 6 May 2011
2
!"#$%$&'(")
*%+,(-(&,(
K*0%,#(
!"#$%$&'("#'()*"'+"#(,#$"-.%-($%-.&
+%,,/(-0&'$"1(&-%#-%,#.%$2&3
4#,"#5"2"5(.6#+(#%,"7&'"'%8#5&-9%':"'%#%
'%5*2%'"'%#,/(-0&'$"1(&-%
• LMN(==,*+<#0*+:%)E)#&)=,%$*""%)<#)($H;#"#,*
+;%/*)#+I%,0(@#%+#3)0*+:,*)&()0*0%,#()"#
,#I*,#"$*)(&&()=*,"#":*+@()<*&&N(==,*+<#0*+:%
#+);+%)":(:%)$A*)=%""()*""*,*),#/*&(:%)#+
:*0=#)";$$*""#/#O3)MB)9H;#,*)145P78
• LM()0*0%,#()"#)?("()";)0*$$(+#"0#)<#+(0#$#
<*=;:(.)(&&(),#:*+@#%+*)*<)(&),*$;=*,%
<*&&N#+I%,0(@#%+*),*&(./()(&&N*"=*,#*+@(
=(""(:(O3)-,%Q<*,)145768
Friday, 6 May 2011
3
Friday, 6 May 2011
4
;-.'&+*1(&-%
C+:,%<;@#%+*
• R&&()?("*)<*'&#)":;<#)<#)="#$%&%'#()*)<#)+*;,%"$#*+@*)$%'+#./*)
$NE)&N("";+:%)$A*)&()0*0%,#()"#)?("#)";):,*)=,%$*""#)
I%+<(0*+:(&#S)$%<#>$(3)#00('(@@#+(0*+:%)*),*$;=*,%B
• La memoria è una delle abilità cognitive più
importanti per l’integrità psicologica e cognitiva degli
individui
• Essa può assumere diverse forme, ed i processi alla
base possono essere semplici ed automatici o richiedere
grossi sforzi: il trend dominante è oggi quello di
suddividere questa abilità in sottoabilità.
– M()$%<#>$()A()<;*)"%D%T":(<#S)($H;#"#@#%+*)*)$%+"%&#<(0*+:%B
) MN($H;#"#@#%+*)#00*D*)#)<(.)#+)#+',*""%)#+);+),*'#":,%)1?;U*,8)"*+"%,#(&*B)C&)
$%+"%&#<(0*+:%)$,*();+(),(==,*"*+:(@#%+*)":(?#&*)+*&):*0=%B
• MN#00('(@@#+(0*+:%3),#";&:(:%)<*&&N($H;#"#@#%+*)*)<*&)
$%+"%&#<(0*+:%3)$,*()*)0(+.*+*)#)<(.)#+),*$%,<")=*,0(+*+.B
• C&),*$;=*,%);.&#@@()&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)#00('(@@#+(:()=*,
$,*(,*);+(),(==,*"*+:(@#%+*)$%+"$#()%)=*,)*"*';#,*);+
$%0=%,:(0*+:%)(==,*"%3)$%0*);+)(D%)0%:%,#%B
Memoria
struttura: modo nel quale il sistema della memoria è
organizzato
processi: attività che si verificano all’interno del sistema
stesso
Friday, 6 May 2011
5
Friday, 6 May 2011
6
K('(@@#+#)<#)0*0%,#(
• M()$%0=&*""#:J)<*#)I*+%0*+#)0+*".$#)1$#%E)
,*&(./#)(&&()0*0%,#(8)E):(&*)$A*)=*,)"=#*'(,+*)
#)0*$$(+#"0#)"#)E),#$%,"%)(<);+()/(,#*:J)<#)
$(:*'%,#@@(@#%+#B)
• V,()H;*":*)I%,"*)&()=#W)(U*,0(:()E)H;*&&()$A*)
<#/#<*)#)0('(@@#+#)<#)0*0%,#()#+)?("*)(&&()&%,%)
<;,(:(3)$#%E)()H;(+:%):*0=%)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)/#)
E)0(+:*+;:(B
Friday, 6 May 2011
• V(&*)<#".+@#%+*)=,*/*<*):,*)0('(@@#+#)<#)0*0%,#(S)&()
0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*3)&()0*0%,#()()?,*/*):*,0#+*)*)&()
0*0%,#()()&;+'%):*,0#+*B
• M()0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)1(+$A*)$A#(0(:()#$%+#$(3)*$%#$(3)*:$B)#+)
?("*)(&&()"=*$#>$()0%<(&#:J)"*+"%,#(&*8)E)(G/()<()
H;(&$A*)0#&&#"*$%+<%)()=%$A#)"*$%+<#)<(&&N*/*+:%)
"*+"%,#(&*B
• M()0*0%,#()()?,*/*):*,0#+*3)%)#00*<#(:(3)E)(""%$#(:()(&&()
,#:*+@#%+*)#+);+)=*,#%<%)<()=%$A#)"*$%+<#)()H;(&$A*)
0#+;:%<(&&N*/*+:%B
• M()0*0%,#()()&;+'%):*,0#+*)"#)0#";,()#+)'#%,+#)%)0#+;.B
7
Friday, 6 May 2011
8
<&+%,,&#$&+",%#+%,,"#$%$&'("
=>.?(-9&-#%#@A(B'(-8#CDEFG
K%<*&&%)0%<(&*
M()I%,0(&#@@(@#%+*)<*#):,*)0('(@@#+#)$%,,#"=%+<*)$%+)&():*%,#@@(@#%+*)<#)
R:X#+"%+)*)9A#U,#+)1456P8B
•
Y;*".)<;*)(;:%,#)=,%=%"*,%);+)0%<*&&%)$%"#<<*D%)0%<(&*)<*&&()0*0%,#()
#+)$;#)#&)=(""(''#%)<(&&()0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)()H;*&&()()?,*/*):*,0#+*)1KZV8)
E)?("(:%)";&&()"*&*@#%+*)(D*+./(3)*)H;*&&%)<(&&()KZV)(&&()0*0%,#()()&;+'%)
:*,0#+*)1KMV8)E)?("(:%)";&&(),*#:*,(@#%+*)1,*A(,"(&8B
Friday, 6 May 2011
9
Friday, 6 May 2011
<%$&'("#9%-9&'(",%
!"#$%$&'("#9%-9&'(",%
• K('(@@#+#)"*+"%,#(&*)()?,*/#""#0%):*,0#+*$A*)
0(+:*+'%+%)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)=*,);+)$*,:%)
:*0=%S
– C$%+#$(S)0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)/#"#/(
– [$%#$(S)0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*);<#./(
Friday, 6 May 2011
10
11
•
C&)$%0=#:%)":(+<(,<)=*,)"%+<(,*)H;*":%).=%)<#)0*0%,#()$%+"#":*)+*&&()
=,*"*+:(@#%+*)/#"#/(),(=#<()<#)0(:,#$#)<#)"#0?%&#B)R#)"%''*G)/#*+*)=%#)
,#$A#*":%)<#),#*/%$(,*)#)"#0?%&#)=,*"*+:(.)()/(,#)#+:*,/(&&#)<(&&()&%,%)
"$%0=(,"(B
•
M()0(:,#$*)/*+#/()/#";(&#@@(:()0%&:%),(=#<(0*+:*)1\])0"*$8)=*,)$%+"*+.,*)
;+);+#$%)"';(,<%)"*+@()"$(+"#%+#)(G/*B
Friday, 6 May 2011
12
!"#$%$&'("#9%-9&'(",%
• ^B)9=*,&#+')1456]8)0%<#>$_)#+)0%<%)I%+<(0*+:(&*)H;*":%)
$%0=#:%),#$A#*<*+<%)(#)"%''*G)#&)$%"#<<*D%)`,*"%$%+:%)
=(,@#(&*NB
• C+)H;*":()/*,"#%+*)<*&)$%0=#:%)&()0(:,#$*)/*+#/()=,*"*+:(:()
#+:*,(0*+:*3)0()#&)"%''*D%)<%/*/(),#=%,:(,+*);+N;+#$(),#'(3)
#+<#$(:()<();+)"*'+(&*)"=*$#>$%)=,*"*+:(:%)()<#/*,"#)#+:*,/(&&#3)
<()T]34)"*$%+<#)<(&&()$%0=(,"()<*&&()0(:,#$*)>+%)()4)"*$%+<%)
<(&&()";()"$%0=(,"(B)-#_)(/,*??*)*&#0#+(:%)&N#+:*,I*,*+@()
<*&&(),#*/%$(@#%+*B
Friday, 6 May 2011
13
•
C)"%''*G3)"*)/*+#/(),#$A#*":%);+),*"%$%+:%):%:(&*3),#$%,<(/(+%)#+)0*<#()a)
"#0?%&#B
•
C+)H;*":()/*,"#%+*)<*&&N*"=*,#0*+:%)#)"%''*G),#:*+*/(+%)=*,_)<#)(/*,)/#":%)
$A#(,(0*+:*):;D*)&*)&*D*,*3)0()$A*)&(),#*/%$(@#%+*)<*&&*)=,#0*)&*D*,*)<()
&%,%),#$%,<(:*)$(+$*&&(""*)#+)H;(&$A*)0%<%)#&),#$%,<%)<#)H;*&&*)";$$*""#/*B
Friday, 6 May 2011
14
@2%',(-)/9#;5&-(5#<%$&'H
IJ2%'($%-.
• 9:;<#)";$$*""#/#)A(++%)0%<#>$(:%)&()0#";,()<*&&%)
"=(+)<#)0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)/#"#/(3)%)#$%+#$(3)0()&()
"$%=*,:()<#)9=*,&#+')&("$#_)#&)"*'+%3)<#0%":,(+<%)
&N*"#":*+@()<#);+),*'#":,%)"*+"%,#(&*)()$(=($#:J)&#0#:(:()
*)()<;,(:()0%&:%)?,*/*3)#+I*,#%,*)(<)4)"*$%+<%B
Friday, 6 May 2011
15
Friday, 6 May 2011
16
b&:,*)&()0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*
K[KbcCR)R)Zc[d[)V[cKC2[
K(9L-1(&-%#.'"+(1(&-",%3
• K*0%,#()()Z,*/*)V*,0#+*S)I(),#I*,#0*+:%)(&)
,#$%,<%)<#)#+I%,0(@#%+#)(==*+(),*$*=#:*
• K*0%,#()()M;+'%)V*,0#+*S)I(),#I*,#0*+:%)(&)
,#$%,<%)<#)#+I%,0(@#%+#)$%+%"$#;:*)<()0%&:%)
:*0=%
Friday, 6 May 2011
KZV)e)0('(@@#+%)()$(=($#:J)&#0#:(:()=*,);+
?,*/*)=*,#%<%
– KZV)E)$(,(D*,#@@(:()<();+),(=#<%)%?&#%)*)
<*$(<#0*+:%)<*&&()#+I%,0(@#%+*B
• !*,)$%+"*,/(,*)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)%$$%,,*)(D;(,*
&()'%(.%'"-(&,%)$A*)$%+"*+:*)<#)L,#+I,*"$(,*O
$%+.+;(0*+:*)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)+*&)0('(@@#+%
17
Friday, 6 May 2011
I9%$2(&#+(#$%$&'(11"1(&-%#+(
,(9.%
<&+%,,&#$&+",%#+%,,"#$%$&'("
=>.?(-9&-#%#@A(B'(-8#CDEFG
f+N#+I%,0(@#%+*)+%+)=;%N)*""*,*)#+)KMV)"*)=,#0(
+%+)*N)":(:()#+)KZVB
•)!,%?(?#&#:(N)<N*+:,(:()#+)KMV)<#=*+<*)<()))=*,0(+*+@()#+)
KZV)1,*#:*,(@#%+*8
•)KR)=(@#*+.)$%+)KZV)<*>$#:(,#()*)KMV)#+:(D(
•))[U*D%)=%"#@#%+*)"*,#(&*)()"%":*'+%)<#)<#U*,*+@():,()KZV)*)
KMV
• Ora vi saranno presentate una serie di 10
parole.
• Il vostro compito e’ quello di memorizzarle
e di trascriverle su un foglio quando vi
dirò di farlo al termine della serie
[U*D%)=,#%,#:(N)#0=;:(?#&*)(&),*$;=*,%))<*&&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)<(&&()
KMV
[U*D%),*$*+@()#0=;:(?#&*)(&),*$;=*,%)<*&&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)<()KZV
Friday, 6 May 2011
18
• Non importa l’ordine (rievocazione libera)
19
Friday, 6 May 2011
20
:*&*I%+%
Friday, 6 May 2011
+;/%&(
21
Friday, 6 May 2011
&#?,%
Friday, 6 May 2011
22
(&?*,%
23
Friday, 6 May 2011
24
$(0#$#(
Friday, 6 May 2011
>+*":,(
25
Friday, 6 May 2011
&;$*
Friday, 6 May 2011
26
'*""%
27
Friday, 6 May 2011
28
"*<#(
Friday, 6 May 2011
>%,*
29
• b,():,("$,#/*:*&*)";);+)I%'&#%):;D*)H;*&&*)$A*
• ,#$%,<(:*
Friday, 6 May 2011
30
M*)=(,%&*)*,(+%S
V*&*I%+%)T)2;/%&()g)M#?,%)g)R&?*,%)g)-(0#$#()g
h#+*":,()g)M;$*)g)^*""%)g)9*<#()g)h#%,*
M()0(''#%,)=(,:*)<#)/%#)"#)"(,(N),#$%,<(:()&*
=,#0*)i)%)a)=(,%&*)1*U*D%)=,#%,#:(N8)*)&*);&.0*
i)%)a)1*U*D%),*$*+@(8B)
!%$A#)(/,(++%),#=%,:(:%)/"$(/("#&#+,%0.'"
Friday, 6 May 2011
31
Friday, 6 May 2011
32
K%<*&&%)0%<(&*
•
)
•
• f+N#+I%,0(@#%+*)+%+)=;%N)*""*,*)#+)KMV)"*
) =,#0()+%+)*N)":(:()#+)KZV
R)"%":*'+%)<#)<#U*,*+@():,()KZV)*)KMV
[U*D%)=,#%,#:(N)<%/;:%)(&&()=#;N)
=,%?(?#&#:(N)<#)=#;)(&:())
=,%?(?#&#:(),*#:*,(@#%+*)
(""*'+(:()(&&*)=,#0*)=(,%&*)*
(&&N#+$(=($#:(N)(<),#*+:,(,*)
<*&&*)=(,%&*)";$$*""#/*)<(:()&()
$(=($#:(N)&#0#:(:(
– j(.)";&&()=%"#@#%+*)"*,#(&*)+*&&*)&#":*
– 9=(+
[U*D%),*$*+@(S)&*);&.0*)
=(,%&*)"%+%)(==*+()*+:,(:*)#+)
KZV)*)"%+%)(+$%,()<#"=%+#?#&#
Friday, 6 May 2011
– j#":;,?#)+*;,%&%'#$#
33
Friday, 6 May 2011
34
I9%$2(&#+(#$(9*'"1(&-%#+(
92"-#+(#$%$&'("#=<(,,%'8CDEMG
• M%)L"=(+)<#)0*0%,#(O)E)&()H;(+.:J)<#
• #+I%,0(@#%+#)$A*)#&)"#":*0(),#*"$*)(
• $%+"*,/(,*)1(&&N#+$#,$()73)K#&&*,)45\68k
Friday, 6 May 2011
Doppia dissociazione
– Buon ricordo immediato
– Incapacita’ di conservare info in MLT
Altri pazienti
• MLT intatta, MBT non funzionante
Pazienti con lesione ippocampale
• MLT e MBT intatte
Ma incapacita’ nel trasferire info tra le due.
Nessun nuovo apprendimento
35
Friday, 6 May 2011
36
c*&(@#%+*)I,()#)"#":*0#)<#)0*0%,#(
Friday, 6 May 2011
37