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Italian National Agency for new technology,
energy and sustainable economic development
EDUCATE for the FUTURE
Partners of the project:
- ENEA project -
Ministry of Education, University and
Research
Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea
Protection
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Italian Development Cooperation
Province of Rome
IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development
ENEA - educarsi al futuro
1
The project’s aim is to help students to face new
problems which regard the SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT of our planet
to create new relationships between students in the North and in the
South of the world on the basis of the awareness of our common future
2
“What is lacking in our educational system is a
special education regarding the global epoch
that we are living .....
Nothing teaches us the state of the world that
we are part of ”
Edgar Morin
3
At school in the planetary epoch ……
What new knowledge must be introduced in our schools to interest students
in science and involve them in building their future?
What new teacher-student relationships and what new teaching methods do we
need to facilitate the growth of a teenager in the 2012 who sees in the future
more threats than hopes?
4
Educational process follows these steps
Emotional bond
student – teacher
Emotional bond
student - subject
desire to learn
will
joy of self
esteem
identity
education
training / schooling
5
Why the issue of a “Sustainable future” ?
1
The world population grows dramatically, within a few decades
the earth will host 9 billion people, 2 billion more than now
2
New residents will born mostly in poor regions and
to reach acceptable living conditions, will require increasing
amounts of energy and natural resources
3
The earth is a closed ecosystem, its resources are limited; human
development cannot “exceed” the biophisical! planet’s limits
6
THE EARTH IS A CLOSED AND LIMITED ECOSYSTEM
Is it possible to realize
an unlimited development
inside a limited eco-system ?
7
The consumption of natural resources, energy, food, water, necessary
to the life of all inhabitans of the planet, cannot overcome the limited
biosphere’s capacity
Humanity must learn
to live sustainably
8
9 billions
World population grew
to 250 million people in 1600 years
year 2000
6,2 billions
...and now grows dramatically
from 1950 to 2050, in just 100 years
will grow to 7 billion people
2 billions
250 millions
Year 0
500 millions
1600
1950 2050
9
The population doesn’t grow uniformly on the planet:
in poor nations, the population grows at a rate 10
times higher than in rich nations
In 2020
20%
80%
80% of population
will live in poor countries
inhabitants of poor
countries
10
Variation of the global population between 2000 and 2050
By 2050, Africa will be the most populous region in the world with 2 billion people
Year 2000 - 6,2 billions of inahibitant
2000
Year 2050 - 9,2 billions of inahibitant
1400
1505
1270
1046
728
820
660
315 450
Europe
europa
North
America
nord america
Africa
africa
China
cina
India
india
11
A comprensive strategy for sustainable development
must involve all countries, both poor and industrialized
12
Poor countries will need to have at their disposal the amount of natural
Più
energia
per
i paesi
poveri
resources and
energy
to achieve
minimum
levels of
dignity and well being
13
per
paesi ricchi
DevelopedMeno
countriesconsumi
should reduce
theiri consumption,
change
their life styles, apply available knowledge and technologies to
find new solutions in agreement with the environment
14
Who consumes energy on the planet?
2340
Inahibitants (in Millions)
Energy consumption 2007 (MillionsTEP)
1970
1827
630
600
550
North
America del
America
Nord
Europe
Europa
Latin
America
America
Latina
Africa
Africa
India
India
China
Cina
If everyone on the planet wanted to imitate the lifestyle of Americans, the planet should withstand 14
times the current energy consumption with unimaginable economic, social and environmental consequences
15
Distribution of oil and gas deposits in the world
65,1
65% of oil still available for the
future, is in the middle East, the
gas is present in only two regions
of the planet.
It’s no accident that middle East
has been a region of conflicts
37,8
for many years.
6
35
9,6
4,9
nord
North
america
America
4,6
centro
Central sud
and
South
america
America
1,8 3,5
europa
Europe
7
6,3
7,4
6,9
4,2
exFormer
unione
Soviet
sovietica
Union
Middle
medio
oriente
East
Africa
africa
Far
estremo
oriente
East
16
An American consumes 26 barrels
of oil per year
17
of oil per year
An Italian consumes 12 barrels of
oil per year
18
of oil per year
oil per year
An Chinese consumes 2 barrels of oil per year
19
of oil per year
oil per year
An African consumes only 1
20
First of all Energy is an ethical issue
of oil per year
oil per year
An African consumes only 1
21
For how much can we still count on no renewable energies
Annual
production
() of
(billions
?
Expected
Riserve
attese
barrels
Proven reserves
(billions of
barrels)
reserves (billions
(miliardi
di barili)
of barrels
)
Exhaustion
Time (Years)
oil
27,6
1170
590
42
natural gas
14,7
980
1170
65
coal
20,2
3500
17800
170
uranium thorium
2,5
282
1070
101
Energy
Fonte di enrgia
source
22
Growth of the world energy consumption
23
What kind of damages are we producing to
our ecosystem because of the way we
produce and consume energy?
24
Which sources do we use to produce energy?
what are the consequences for the ecosystem?
80% of all world energy comes from fossil
(oil + gas + coal)
35%
21%
23%
11%
6,7%
2,4%
Oil
petrolio
Gas
gas
Coal
carbone
Nuclear
nucleare
idro
idro
Biomass
biomassa
25
With the extraction of fossil man returns into the atmosphere, in a few years, huge amounts
of carbon that natural processes had confined underground in hundreds of millions of years.
This is particularly alarming when one recalls that it was the removal of carbon and
oxygen accumulation in the atmosphere that allowed the occurrence of humankind
CARBON CYCLE
Atmosphere
1,8%
90.000
MtC/year
(760.000 MtC)
HUMAN FACTOR
3.7 million MtC fossil
carbon contained in
more than 100 million
years in the
underground comes
back in the
atmosphere
OCEAN
120.000
MtC/year
92,6% (38 millions MtC)
Soil
5,6% (2,3 millions MtC)
800.000
MtC/year
ENEA - educarsi al futuro 26
How much carbon emissions we produce by burning
fuels today?
Imissionifossil
di carbonio
in atmosfera
And how many can withstand the planet?
Oceans and forests absorb CO2 and convert it into oxygen in the
following amounts (Megaton/year):
oceans
trees/land areas
Total capacity of the planet to absorb carbon
2400
900
3300
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon
8000
Inputs of carbon into the atmosphere by human activities
4700
The current carbon emissions are more than twice
the natural capacity of our planet to absorb
27
For how long the emitted and not "recycled" from the planet CO2 remains
alive in the 'atmosphere?
CO2
CH4
NO2
CFC-11
HFC-23
CF4 (PFC)
Pre Industrial Revolution
~280 ppmv
~700 ppbv
~280 ppbv
-
-
40 pptv
1998
365 ppmv
1745 ppbv
314 ppbv
268 pptv
14 pptv
80 pptv
Annual Growth Rate
0.5
0.6
0.25
50 / 200
12
114
45
257
50.000
1
21
310
4.000
11.700
6.300
Persistence average (years)
GWP (global warming potential)
Ppmv = parts per million by volume, ppbv = parts per billion by volume, pptv = parts per trillion in volume
The portion of CO2 produced annually by human activities and not absorbed
by the planet, remains in the atmosphere for 50 / 200 years
So the CO2 emitted today will be added to that emitted in the coming
decades, causing a drastic increase in the concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere
28
Grafico aumento concentrazione CO2
380
CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased by 35%
in just 200 years passing from 280 ppmv to 380 ppmv
29
Studies carried out in Antarctica on air bubbles trapped in the deep layers of ice have
La storia
dellaof
CO2
fino
600 air
mila
fa
permitted to write
"history"
CO2
inathe
upanni
to 600,000
years ago
The measurements show that the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has always
been maintained, from 600 thousand years ago to today, within the two dashed red
lines corresponding to a minimum of 200 and a maximum of 290 parts per million.
Today (year 0 of the graph) has been produced a sudden and extremely high increase
in CO2 concentration from 290 to 380 parts per million.
a very higher level than the one ever reached in the last 650,000 years
World Energy Outlook 2008
International Energy Agency Report
that provides data to evaluate the development of the international ones
energy market and its consequences on climate change
www.worldenergyoutlook.org
“The world energy system is at a crossroads.
The current energy consumption are clearly unsustainable from an
environmental, economic and social point of view”
“we must implement an ENERGY REVOLUTION”
31
The student needs to know if knowledge, scientific
research, new technologies are able to find positive
solutions for the future.
Are there new sources of energy to meet the needs of
humanity without causing irreparable damage to the
environment?
32
According to European Renewable Energy Council by 2020
EU industry sources can produce 33-40% of the electricity needed for Europe.
Thermal solar energy will be able to cover up to25% of heat demand in Europe.
With renewables energies we will be able to generate about 2 million jobs
Energia dal vento
33
Often in Germany and Austria solar thermal collectors are integrated
on the roofs of houses or buildings
Solar block in Neckarsulm – Germany
34
Renewable energy for sustainable development of the South of the World
Poor countries have large quantities of solar energy, free and non polluting.Two billion
people living in the millions of rural villages scattered throughout the world, can produce
electricity and heat necessary for their development without harming the planet
Concentrating solar power for electricity production
Large linear parabolic mirrors of 5 metres,
concentrate solar radiation on a receiver pipe
flowing molten salts that are heated to 500 ° C.
ENEA’s Research Centre - Rome
36
The solar plant heats the fluid in the pipe
receiver. The heat of the fluid is accumulated
in the first tank at 550 ° C. With this heat can
be produced steam 24 hours on 24.
The steam turbine generates
electricity. After having transferred
part of its thermal energy to produce
steam, the fluid is collected in a second
tank to 290 ° C. Then it returns to the
solar plant to warm again.
37
The Receiver Piper
38
Archimede’s Project
Demonstration of a solar power plant 5MWe in Priolo (Sicily)
39
Large areas of the planet are very sunny and therefore suitable for the construction of
solar concentration plants. From each square meter of surface, we can achieve in one
year, the same amount of energy that is derived from a barrel of oil.
Hypothetical extension of the area occupied by solar thermal plants
to produce the world's supply (European) of electricity to 2050
40
WWW.DESERTEC.ORG
A cooperation project between
Europe- Middle East - North Africa
41
Technology is the most important weapon to overcome poverty
“The end of poverty” - Jeffrey Sachs
La tecnologia può sconfiggere la povertà
The spread of mobile telephony is a prime example (280 million users in Africa,
130 in Brazil, 120 in Indonesia); it will allow to overcome the isolation of villages,
to disseminate information, to do business.
In Bangladesh mobile operator GrameenPhone has introduced the Healthline, a
direct and no stop line for medical assistance via mobile
42
SOLAR ENERGY FOR RURAL VILLAGES
Today you can make self-sufficient millions of rural
villages scattered around the world with small thermal
and photovoltaic systems that produce the electricity
sufficient for their needs
.
Opportunities of use:
illuminate homes and environments, cooking with
solar ovens and biogas, irrigate with solar pumps,
potable water, using work tools and refrigerators,
communicate and make school
43
A photovoltaic School in Africa
Scuola fotovoltaica africana
In a school in an area of South Africa, SELF (Solar Electric Light Found),
has installed a photovoltaic system to 2400W, DELL has provided some
computers and INFOSAT provided the satellite link.
Myeka High School is a
technological dream came true
44
The students who were reading by candlelight, can now connect to the Internet and have access to the
Learning Channel.
The graduates have increased from 30 to 70%, some students have won science prizes, and many go on
to university.
45
AN EXAMPLE ON HOW A SCHOOL CAN PARTECIPATE TO A COOPERATION PROJECT…
This Pv kit can provide electricity to a small rural school and the teacher’s house.
Six lamps to light up the first class
photovoltaic panels 300Wp
2 lamps to light up the teacher’s room
Control unit
Six lamps to light up the second class
Battery, 12V
It costs € 1.500 (about 3 € / year per student in a school with 500 pupils)
Burkina Faso, April 2009
47
48
49
This Pv kit can provide electricity
We can do, very briefly, another example of interdisciplinary path.
This time touching the theme of the economy.
A FINANCIAL SYSTEM THAT WANTS TO
OVERCOME POVERTY
“Grameen Bank”
(Bank of the village)
Bangladesh – 1976
(www.grameen-info.org)
The most important experience of
microcredit bank founded by
Muhammad Yunus
52
The bank lends money
only to the poor,
particularly women
Working for these people,
the bank had a recovery
rate of loans of 98%.
Yunus started paying $ 5 to a woman who made straw baskets for a company who
in return gave her rice for her and her children. With $ 5 the woman was able to
buy straw and was able to sell the baskets to the market, obtaining the proper
gain.
With only $ 5 this woman is out of poverty and entered the market
53
"We were told we had to make loans to family heads, usually males.
Instead we have addressed mainly to women in the most extreme degree
of poverty .....
village women who do not have a piece of land and throughout their lives
have never touched money…. ”
“... Women who can neither
read nor write, women who
dare not stand in front of
a man and hide their face
in the presence of
strangers ....”
54
Grameen Bank believes that the poor have the ability to
work that remain underutilized.
“The answer to poverty
is to release energy and
creativity in each human
being
The credit is a human right, not a game of speculation
by "Banker to the Poor" by M. Yunus
55
Yunus demonstrate us that lend money to the poor
is not absurd at all.
Lending money to the poor is the only way to
overcome poverty and on the other hand is the only
ethic way to see economy.
This experience needs to be discussed at school in
order to let the student understand that it is
possible to find solutions only through new and
commongood-oriented experiences.
56
Making school in planetary age
To create an emotional bond between the student, the teacher and the
knowledge the school must overcome the fragmentation of knowledge
in subjects and offer a mix of interdisciplinary knowledge, allowing
students to tackle complex issues and to seek new solutions.
the school must become the privileged place where you are defending
the interests of students and the common property of society needed
to build a peaceful and sustainable future for all inhabitants of the
planet
57
The homepage of the Project
www.educarsialfuturo.it
58
Educate for the Future
project of scientific cooperation between ENEA and schools to create
NATIONAL NETWORK of SCHOOLS for a SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
TEACHERS, STUDENTS, RESEARCHERS WORK TOGETHER IN ORDER TO:
produce new teaching materials for schools, to be broadcasted on web
promoting renewable sources and the responsible consumption in the territory
realize cooperation projects with schools in developing countries
59

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