The research activity lines devoted to the abatement of CO2

The research activity lines devoted to the
abatement of CO2 emissions in a large university
department
Ennio Macchi
Head of the Department of Energy - Politecnico di Milano
The context - CO2 emissions 1/2
Ennio Macchi
The context - CO2 emissions 1/2
Ennio Macchi
The context - CO2 concentration
“3oC”
550 ppm
500 ppm
?
450 ppm
“2oC”
2059
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.html
Ennio Macchi
What can be the contribution of a University Dept
focused on energy technologies to GHG reduction ?
5
• I selected some examples, spanning in a wide range of applications,
soma already on the market, others near-term, others long-term, of
results achieved by the researchers of the Department of Energy of
Politecnico di Milano :
• On the market
• Organic Rankine Cycles for biomass and geothermal energy
(future: hybrid= geothermal+solar)
• Near-term
• small-scale advanced cogeneration and trigeneration plants based
on fuel cells for distributed generation
• Solar cooling in Mediterrenean areas
• Long-term
• large-scale renewable power stations based on CSPs
(Concentrating Solar Plants)
• innovative solutions for CCS Carbon Capture and Storage plants.
Ennio Macchi
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Ennio Macchi
An example of an ORC module, 600 kW el
Ennio Macchi
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Ennio Macchi
Typical operating conditions
Ennio Macchi
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Geothermal + solar?
Ennio Macchi
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Yearly balances in various locations
Ennio Macchi
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An experimental facility to test a prototype
prototypeproCooling Wine in Tunisia
Ennio Macchi
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An application based on Fresnel concept: Cooling Wine in
Tunisia
Ennio Macchi
Cooling Wine in Tunisia: system layout
Location: Domaine Neferis, Grobalia, Tunisia
PSE (Mirroxx) 88m² Fresnel collector, one axis tracking
Robur water – ammonia 12,5 kW Absorption chiller with integrated heat rejection
(prototype)
Water-glycol (35%) cold storage 3m³
E13
Conventional
Chiller
E15
E10
Q8
E12
Cooling
Demand
Qsolar
E14
E1
E9
Q1
ROBUR
chiller
Q7
C1
E8
Collector Field
E11
Ennio Macchi
Cold
Storage
Q10a
Results Tunisia: typical daily operation
Ennio Macchi
Long term application: CSP (Concentrating Solar Power)
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LA SFIDA E’
NELL’ABBATTIMENTO DEI COSTI
GLI SPAZI CERTO NON
MANCANO!
Ennio Macchi
A new plant in Sicily, base on Italian technology
Ennio Macchi
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Ennio Macchi
Large room for optimization
Ennio Macchi
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GENERAZIONE DISTRIBUITA
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DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
MOTORI
TG
Motori
Sottostazioni
Fuel
cell
MOTORI
BATTERIE
Utenze
Commerciali
Volani
FUEL CELL
Utenti residenziali
Turbina a Gas
Utenze Industriali
Ennio Macchi
Utenze
Commerciali
The new laboratories of the Department of Energy
Ennio Macchi
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The micro/tri/cogeneration laboratory
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Hot water/cold
water/cooling water
loops
Under test: a new 30 kWel
CHP base on PEFC
Electrical efficiency 30%
Net AC electricity/NG
Ennio Macchi
Long term application: Decarbonized electricity
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from coal with CCS
Oxy-combustion of raffinate stream
Catalytic
oxidizer
~
nitrogen
vent
HSMR
air
Air
Separation
Unit
~
CO2
compressor
and drier
~
oxygen
Gas turbine
~
HT syngas coolers
SH
EVA
Scrubber
steam
water
Sulfur
removal
ECO
ash
coal
LT
syngas
coolers
Saturator
coal slurry
Gasifier
Heat Recovery
Steam Generator
Shift
reactor
~
CO2 to
storage
ash
Ennio Macchi
water
CCS could solve sustainable mobility
Ennio Macchi
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25
Questions?
Ennio Macchi
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g/kWh
1000
900
termo
800
totale
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Ennio Macchi
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er
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0
Nel 2000 il risultato del confronto sarebbe stato diverso:
evoluzione dei rendimenti elettrici netti del parco italiano
55
50
solidi
45
prodotti petroliferi
%
40
gas naturale (solo
energia elettrica)
35
30
1998
gas naturale CC
(solo energia
elettrica)
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Per il gas naturale: grandi progressi, siamo prossimi all’asintoto (già
raggiunto per i cicli combinati)
Per il carbone: grandi margini di miglioramento!
Ennio Macchi
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28
25
1999
[TWh]
20
2009
15
10
5
0
Ennio Macchi
Percentuale di energia elettrica prodotta dalla somma delle centrali
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a carbone ed elettronucleari rispetto alla produzione complessiva
90
The Italian anomaly
80
70
60
50
%
40
30
20
2003
2004 2005
10
Ennio Macchi
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In
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