istoria
Transcript
istoria
Tukidide istoria Tukidide.indd 1 01.04.2013 14:47:10 Tukidide.indd 2 01.04.2013 14:47:10 antikuri mwerloba Tukidide istoria 7 Tukidide.indd 3 01.04.2013 14:47:10 Tukidide istoria adaptirebuli teqstis avtori: levan gordeziani seriis mTavari redaqtori da Semdgeneli: emzar goguaZe redaqtori: diana yasumaSvili dizaineri: ia maxaTaZe ydis dizaineri: naTia kvaracxelia damkabadonebeli: TinaTin berberaSvili © bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2013 Targmani © levan gordeziani yvela ufleba daculia. Sps `bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba~ daviT aRmaSeneblis 150, Tbilisi 0112 tel: 291 09 54; 291 11 65 elfosta: [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-15-827-8 (yvela tomi) ISBN 978-9941-15-837-7 (Tukidide) THUCYDIDES History Adapted text by: Levan Gordeziani © Bakur Sulakauri Publishing, 2013 All rights reserved. Bakur Sulakauri Publishing 150 Agmashenebeli Ave 0112, Tbilisi, Georgia www.sulakauri.ge Tukidide.indd 4 01.04.2013 14:47:10 sarCevi 7 64 100 148 208 242 278 311 pirveli wigni....................................................................................................... meore wigni........................................................................................................... mesame wigni........................................................................................................ meoTxe wigni..................................................................................................... mexuTe wigni..................................................................................................... meeqvse wigni..................................................................................................... meSvide wigni................................................................................................... merve wigni......................................................................................................... Tukidide.indd 5 01.04.2013 14:47:10 Tukidide.indd 6 01.04.2013 14:47:10 pirveli wigni Tukidide aTenelma aRwera peloponeselTa omi aTenelebis winaaRmdeg. is Tavisi naSromis weras omis dawyebisTanave Seudga, radgan Tavidanve mixvda, rom es omi yvelaze mniS vnelovani da RirsSesaniSnavi iqneboda aqamde warmoebul yvela oms Soris. man ase gansaja, radgan orive mxare brZolis dawyebas Tavisi Zlierebis zenitSi da srul sabrZolo mzad yofnaSi Sexvda. garda amisa, is xedavda, rom sxva berZnuli qalaqebic an ukve miemxrnen romelime mxares, an apirebdnen amas. marTlac, omma SeZra elinebic da barbarosTa nawilic, SeiZleba iTqvas, kacobriobis didi nawili. marTalia, Cvengan droSi daSorebis gamo, Znelia zustad dadgena, Tu ra uZRoda win am oms da, miT umetes, ra xdeboda kidev ufro adre, magram sarwmuno cnobebis safuZvelze mivedi im daskvnamde, rom es Zveli istoriuli movlenebi ar iyo mniSvnelovani arc sam xedro da arc sxva ram TvalsazrisiT. cxadia, axla eladad wodebul qveyanas cota xnis win gauC nda binadari mosaxleoba. Zvelad aq gadaadgildebodnen tomebi da yoveli tomi Tavis sacxovriss ufro Zlieri mom xvduris zewolis Sedegad tovebda. maSin jer ar arsebobda 7 Tukidide.indd 7 01.04.2013 14:47:10 arc dRevandeli vaWroba da arc tomebs Soris urTierToba zRvasa Tu xmeleTze. miwas mxolod imdens amuSavebdnen, rom Tavi gamoekvebaT. maT ar gaaCndaT zedmeti qoneba, ar rgav dnen xexils, radgan ar icodnen, rodis daesxmoda Tavs mteri da waarTmevda yvelafers, miT umetes, rom maTi dasaxlebe bi ar iyo gamagrebuli. xalxi Tavisuflad tovebda Tavis miwas im imediT, rom sxvaganac iolad moipovebda sarCos. amitom ar hqondaT didi qalaqebi da mniSvnelovani avladi deba. mosaxleobis aseTi gadaadgilebebi metwilad qveynis yvelaze nayofier mxareebSi xdeboda: TesaliaSi, beotia Si, peloponesis did nawilSi (arkadiis gamoklebiT) da sxv., radgan swored iq, sadac miwis nayofierebas adamianisTvis keTildReoba mohqonda, Cndeboda samoqalaqo dapirispire ba. dasaxleba kargavda Tavdacvis unars da Tanac ucxoelTa sixarbes aRZravda. mwir atikaSi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ar yofila SinaaSliloba da xalxic erTi da igive cxovrobda. imis Sedegad, rom eladis sxva mxareebSi atikasTan SedarebiT mosaxleoba swrafad izrdeboda, warCinebuli ltolvilebi mTeli eladidan iyridnen Tavs aTenSi da moqalaqeobasac iRebdnen, radgan iq usafrTxod iyvnen. atika ki amden xalxs veRar itevda da mogvianebiT aTenelebma daiwyes moaxalSe neTa gayvana ioniaSi. Zveli drois mwir saxsrebze miuTiTebs isic, rom trois omamde eladas, rogorc Cans, mniSvnelovani araferi Cau denia. vgoneb, qveyanas maSin arc erqva ase, xolo elinamde, devkalionis Zemde, es saxeli arc arsebobda. sxvadasxva tomi (pelasgebic da sxvebic) aZlevda qveyanas Tavis saxels. mas Semdeg, rac elinma da misma vaJebma xelisufleba moipoves fTiaSi da sxva qalaqebmac daiwyes maTTvis daxmarebis Txov na, es saxeli TandaTanobiT gavrcelda, magram sayovelTaod miRebuli sul cota xnis win gaxda. amis saukeTeso sabuTs homerosi gvawvdis. homerosi xom trois omze bevrad gvian 8 Tukidide.indd 8 01.04.2013 14:47:10 cxovrobda, magram is elinebs uwodebs mxolod aqilevsis razmelebs fTiadan – isini iyvnen pirveli elinebi. xolo sxva tomebis zogad saxelad homerosTan gvevlineba danaelebi, argoselebi, aqavelebi. is ar xmarobs aseve sityvas barbarosi, albaT imitom, rom elinebi jer ar iyvnen maTgan gamoyofili da sakuTari saerTo saxeliT gaerTianebuli. gadmocemiT viciT, rom minosi iyo pirveli mbrZanebeli, vinc Seqmna floti da elinTa zRvis did nawilze moipova batonoba. man daipyro kikladebis kunZulebi, bevrgan Seqmna axalSenebi, gandevna karielebi da mmarTvelebad sakuTari vaJebi gamoacxada. manve Seutia mekobreebs, raTa SeZlebis dagvarad gaezarda sakuTari Semosavali. uZvelesi droidan, rogorc ki sazRvao vaWroba gamococx lda, elinebmac da barbarosebmac napirsa da kunZulebze mekobreobas mihyves xeli. amis moTaveebi iyvnen warCinebu lebi, romlebic xeirsa da RaribTa dapurebas eswrafvodnen. isini Tavs esxmodnen daucvel soflebs, Zarcvavdnen maT da ase moipovebdnen saarsebo saSualebas. es iTvleboda ara samar cxvino, aramed sagmiro saqmed. amaze miuT iTebs rogorc zogi xalxis Cveulebebi (maTTvis dRemde saamayoa amgvar saqmeebSi gawafuloba), aseve Zveli poetebi, maTTan maspinZeli mezR vaurs yovelTvis ekiTxeba, mekobre xom ar xaro – Cans, arc erT mxares es saqme saTakilod ar miaCnda. xalxi Zarcvavda erTmaneTs xmeleTzec. dRemde eladis bevr mxareSi SemorCa xalxi, vinc am Zvel wess misdevs. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi iaraRis tarebis Cvevac swored aqedan modis. Zvelad mTeli elada SeiaraRebuli dadioda, radgan arc soflebi iyo gamagrebuli da arc gzebi – usafrTxo. amitom xalxi, barbarosebis msgavsad, iaraRs saxlSic ar ixsnida. eladis is olqebi, sadac amgvari wesi jerac SemorCa, naTeli sabuTia imisa, rom odesRac mTeli elada ase cxovrobda. aTe nelebma yvelaze adre Tqves uari iaraRis tarebaze mSvidobian 9 Tukidide.indd 9 01.04.2013 14:47:10 dros da fufunebiT cxovreba daiwyes. xnieri xalxi warCine bulTa wridan mxolod sul cota xnis win Seelia fufunebis iseT niSnebs, rogoricaa selis qitoni da rTuli varcxni loba. aTenelTa monaTesave ionielebsac didxans SemorCaT amgvarad Cacmis Cveva. lakedemonelebma pirvelebma SemoiRes Tanamedrove ubralo samosi da maTi warCinebulebic rigiT moqalaqeTa msgavsad cxovrobdnen. qalaqebi (romlebic daarsda mas Semdeg, rac zRvaosnoba SedarebiT usafrTxo gaxda da Semosavali gaizarda), uSua lod zRvis napirze, vaWrobisa da TavdacvisTvis mosaxerxe bel adgilas Sendeboda da icavda galavani. Zveli qalaqebi ki, piriqiT, zRvisgan moSorebiT mdebareobda, raTa mudmivi yaCaRuri Tavdasxmebisgan yofiliyo daculi. mekobre karielebi da finikielebi bevr kunZulze cxov robdnen. rodesac aTenelebma omis dros delosi gawmindes da samarxebi gaitanes kunZulidan, Catanebuli iaraRis da dakrZalvis wesis mixedviT gairkva, rom micvalebulTa naxe varze meti karieli iyo. zRvaze mekobreTa gandevnisa da mino sis batonobis damyarebis Semdeg zRvaosnoba gamococxlda, minosma daasaxla mekobreTagan daclili kunZulebis umrav lesoba. sanapiros mcxovreblebma, romlebic gamdidrdnen da damkvidrdnen am miwaze, galavnebi Semoartyes TavianT qalaqebs. gamdidrebis survili aiZulebda ufro sust qala qebs, aetanaT ZlierTa politikuri damokidebuleba, xolo Zlierebi sargeblobdnen sakuTari simdidriT da imorCi lebdnen sustebs. elinTa qalaqebi didxans imyofebodnen am mdgomareobaSi, Tumca troaze salaSqrod mxolod mogvia nebiT gaemarTnen. agamemnoni, Cemi azriT, imitom ki ar sardlobda am laSqro bas, rom elenes yofili saqmroebi tindarevsisadmi micemuli ficis gamo gahyvnen mas, aramed imitom, rom TanamedroveTa Soris is uZlieresi iyo. im xalxTa gadmocemiT, visac winapar 10 Tukidide.indd 10 01.04.2013 14:47:10 Tagan sando cnobebi hqonda peloponesis istoriis Sesaxeb, peloponesma pirvelma moipova Zalaufleba im ganZis wya lobiT, romelic aziidan Camoitana. miuxedavad imisa, rom ucxoel i iyo, man miaRwia imas, rom qveyanas misi saxeli ewo da, xolo misi memkvidreebi gaZlierdnen. evrisTevsi atikaSi daiRupa heraklidebTan brZolaSi, xolo sanam iq wavidoda, man Tavis dedis Zmas, atrevss Caabara mikeni da samefo xeli sufleba. raki evrisTevsi veRar dabrunda laSqrobidan, heraklidebisgan daSinebulma mikenelebma mefoba nebayof lobiT gadasces Zlevamosil atrevss, man ki evrisTevsis qve Sevrdomebis keTilganwyoba moipova. ase gaxdnen pelopidebi persevsis STamomavlebze ufro Zlierni. mTeli es Zalaufleba agamemnons ergo memkvidreobiT. garda amisa, misi floti aRe mateboda sxvebisas. ase rom, is Caudga laSqars saTaveSi da ara imitom, rom sxva beladebs uyvardaT igi, aramed imitom, rom eSinodaT misi. man TviTonac uamravi xomaldi gamoiyvana da, Tu homeross vendobiT, arkadiel ebsac misca xomaldebi. homerosi kverTxis memkvidreobiT miRebis ambavTan dakav SirebiTac gvamcnobs, rom agamemnoni uamrav kunZulze da argosis vrcel samefoze mbrZaneblobda. cxadia, materikze mcxovreb agamemnons ar SeeZlo daemorCilebina kunZulebi Zlieri flotis gareSe. amdenad, troaze laSqroba warmod genas gviqmnis maSindeli eladis zogad mdgomareobaze. mikeni Zalian patarac rom yofiliyo (dRes Cven yvela Zveli qalaqi umniSvnelod gveCveneba), es ar iqneboda sakmarisi safuZ veli troaze laSqrobis didebis dasamcrobad. warmovidginoT, rom lakedemonelTa qalaqi daingra da misgan gadarCa mxolod samlocveloebi da sajaro dawesebulebaTa saZirkvlebi. vfiq rob, mravali wlis Semdeg Cvens memkvidreebs gauCndaT eWvi, Seesabameba Tu ara maTi realuri Zala maTsave saxels. dRes lakedemonelebi floben peloponesis or mesameds, xelmZRva neloben mTel naxevarkunZuls da mraval mokavSires danarCen 11 Tukidide.indd 11 01.04.2013 14:47:11 eladaSi. magram sparta ar aris erTi mTlian oba, mas ar gaaC nia brwyinvale taZrebi da sajaro nagebobebi. Zveli elinuri qalaqebis msgavsad, is Sedgeba soflebisagan da misi Zliereba bevrad umniSvnelod moeCvenebodaT, vidre es sinamdvileSia. igive bedi rom aTenelebs sweodaT, garegnuli niSnis mixedviT, maT Zlierebas realurze orjer metad warmoidgendnen. amitom, amjerad nu movekidebiT undoblad gadmocemas da nu mivaniWebT qalaqebis garegnul iers met mniSvnelobas, vidre maT namdvil Zalas. Tu isev homeross daveyrdnobiT, Zvel laSqrobaTa Soris troaze laSqroba iTvleba yvelaze mniSvnelovnad, magram is Camouvardeba dRevandel omebs. poetma albaT Sealamaza da gaazviad a movlenebi, magram asec rom iyos, es laSqroba mainc umniSvnelod gamoiyureba. poeti moixseniebs aTas oras xomalds. misi TqmiT, beot ielTa TiTo xomaldze as oci kaci iyo, filoqtetesis xomaldze ki – ormocdaaTi. rogorc Cans, igi yvelaze did da yvelaze patara xomaldebs axsenebs. sxvaTa zomebze, yovel SemTxvevaSi, `xomaldTa katalogSi~ homerosi arafers ambobs. xomaldze TiToeuli kaci rom meomaric iyo da meniCbec, aSkarad Cans filoqtetesis gemebis aRwerilo bidan. marTlac, yovel meniCbes is mois arsac uwodebs. saeW voa, xomaldebze meniCbeeb is garda yofiliyo vinme, mefeebsa da gamorCeul beladebs Tu ar CavTvliT, miT ufro, rom maT zRvis gadacurva sruli aRWurvilobiT uwevdaT. xomaldebs ar hqonda zeda gembani da isini Zveli wesiT igeboda, mekobreTa navebis msgavsad. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu aviRebT mebrZolTa saSual o raodenobas yvelaze didi da yvelaze patara xomal disTvis, cxadia xdeba, rom omSi arc ise bevri aqaveli wasula, arada laSqari mTel eladas warmoadgenda. amis mizezi iyo ara adamianebis, aramed fulis nakleboba. momaragebis sirTulis gamo, aqavelebma waiyvanes imdeni meo mari, ramdenis adgilze gamokvebis imedic hqondaT. maSinac ki, rodesac CasvlisTanave aqavelebma pirveli brZola moig es 12 Tukidide.indd 12 01.04.2013 14:47:11 (cxadia, sxvanairad ver Semoavlebdnen galavans Tavis banaks), maT omSi ar gamouyenebiaT mTeli laSqari. sakvebis mopove bis saWiroebam aiZula isini, miwis damuSaveba da yaCaRoba daewyoT. swored aqavelTa razmebis daqsaqsulobis gamo, troel ebi gaSlil velze aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi uwevdnen maT winaaRmdegobas da yovelTvis mzad iyvnen Sebmodnen adgilze darCenil mters. aqavelebi rom sakvebis didi maragiT Camosu liyvnen da xvna-Tesvisa da yaCaRobis nacvlad, mTeli ZaliTa da mondomebiT eomaT, isini iolad aiRebdnen troas. Tumca arsebuli Zalebis nawilis gamoyenebiTac isini warmatebiT ibrZodnen; alyaSi rom moeqciaT, troas ufro swrafad da dauZabavad sZlevdnen. amdenad, Zveli laSqrobebi umniSvne lo iyo saxsrebis simwiris gamo, maT Soris yvelaze cnobilic ki aRar gamoiyureba ise brwyinvaled, rogorc es poetebis gadmocemaSia. eladaSi trois omis Semdegac xdeboda tomTa gadaadgi leba, iqmneboda axali dasaxlebebi, qveyana ver axerxebda mSvidobian ganviTarebas. ilionidan elinTa dagvianebul dabrunebas qalaqebSi cvlilebebi da SinaaSliloba mohyva, ris Sedegadac devnilebi aarseben axal qalaqebs. magali Tad, TesalielTa mier gamodevnili Tanamedrove beotielTa winaprebi, dRevandel beot iaSi (romelic adre kadmead iwo deboda), ilionis aRebidan samoci wlis Semdeg gadasaxldnen, xolo troas dacemidan oTxmoci wlis Semdeg dorielebma heraklidebTan erTad daipyres peloponesi. mtkice mSvido ba TandaTanobiT damyarda, Sewyda xalxTa iZulebiTi gada adgileba da elinebma ucxo qveynebis kolonizacia daiwyes. aTenelebi ioniaSi da mraval kunZulze dasaxldnen, xolo peloponeselebi ZiriTadad italiasa da siciliaSi, aseve danarCeni eladis zog mxareSi damkvidrdnen. es dasaxlebebi ukve troas omis Semdeg gaCnda. elada sul ufro Zlierdeboda da mdidrdeboda. mdida 13 Tukidide.indd 13 01.04.2013 14:47:11 ri qalaqebis umravlesoba tiranTa xelSi aRmoCnda. adre aq memkvidreobiTi samefo xelisufleba iyo garkveul i sapatio uflebebiTa da privilegiebiT. elinebma daiwyes xomaldebis ageba da zRvaosnoba. gadmocemiT, pirvelebma korinTelebma aages Tanamedroves msgavsi meTodiT xomaldebi, maTve Seqmnes pirveli trierebi. korinTelma gemTmSenebelma aminoklesma, romelic samosze am omis dasrulebamde Cavida, iqac aago oTxi xomaldi. pirveli sazRvao brZola, ramdenadac vici, moxda korinTelebsa da kerkirelebs Soris oras samoci wlis win. korinTelebi xom uZvelesi droidan saxlobdnen isTmosis yelze, iq savaWro navsadgurs flobdnen. radgan adre pelo ponesSi da mis gareT mcxovrebi elinebi korinTelTa qveynis gavliT eweodnen saxmeleTo vaWrobas, korinTosi Zalian gamdidrda, rogorc amas poetebi gvamcnoben. zRvaosnobisa da sazRvao vaWrobis gamococxlebasTan erTad korinTele bi Seudgnen mekobreobasTan brZolas. savaWro navsadguris mowyobis Semdeg korinTelTa qveyana kidev ufro gamdidrda zRvidan da xmeleTidan momdinare SemosavlebiT. ionielebs floti bevrad ufro gvian gauCndaT, ukve kirosis, pirveli sparseli mefis da misi vaJis, kambisesis dros. am flotiT ionielebi kirosTan omSi erTxans inarCunebdnen upiratesobas zRvaze, sakuTar napirebTan. samosis tirans – polikratesac hyavda Zlier i floti kambisesis dros. sxva kunZulebs Soris man daim orCila reniac, da igi delosel apolons uZRvna. da bolos, fokeelebi, romlebmac daaarses masalia, amarcxeb dnen karTagenelebs sazRvao brZolebSi. es iyo yvelaze Zlieri sazRvao qveynebi. marTalia, troas omis Semdeg mravali Taoba Seicvala, magram yvela am qveyanas, savaraudod, cota trieri hyavdaT da isinic pentekonto rebiTa da trois omisdroindelis msgavsi grZeli samxedro xomaldebiT dacuravdnen. mxolod midiur omebamde da dari osis gardacvalebamde (romelic sparselTa mefe gaxda kambi 14 Tukidide.indd 14 01.04.2013 14:47:11 sesis Semdeg) cota xniT adre gauCndaT siciliel tiranebsa da kerkirelebs mravali trieri. eseni xom uZlieresi sazRvao qveynebi iyvnen qserqses laSqrobamde. eginelebi, aTenelebi da, SesaZloa, zogi sxvac maSin mxolod mcire xomaldebs, ZiriTadad, pentekontorebs flobdnen. mxolod mogvianebiT, eginelebTan omis dros, rodesac ukve barbarosTa Tavdasxmas elodnen, Temistoklesma daarwmuna aTenelebi, SeeqmnaT saxe lovani floti, romliTac isini barbarosebs Seebnen. Tumca, arc am xomaldebs hqonda zeda gembani. aseTi mokrZalebuli iyo elinTa sazRvao Zalebi Zvel dro Sic da SemdgomSic. da mainc, is qveynebi, romlebic bejiTad misdevdnen zRvaosnobas, aRwevdnen met Zlierebas, mdidrde bodnen da imorCilebdnen sxva qveynebs. Tavisi xomaldebiT isi ni Tavs esxmodnen da ipyrobdnen kunZulebs. magram xmeleTze saqme ar midioda iseT omamde, romelic didi samxedro Zalis gaCenas gamoiwvevda. yvela omi mezoblebs Soris xdeboda, Sore ul dapyrobiT laSqrobebs elinebi ar awyobdnen. Zlier qvey nebs maSin jer kidev ar hyavdaT damokidebuli mokavSireebi, xolo sustebs ar surdaT saerTo laSqrobebSi monawileoba. elinuri qveynebi Zvel droSi mxolod erTxel, qalkidelTa da eretrielTa omSi Caebnen erTis an meoris mxareze. calkeuli qveynis ganviTarebas sxvadasxva garemoeba afer xebda. ionielebis momZlavrebisTanave maTze gailaSqra kiros ma. kroisosis samefos damarcxebis Semdeg man daimorCila mTeli xmeleTi mdinare halisidan zRvamde da Tavisufleba waarTva qalaqebs materikze. mogvianebiT dariosma finiki elTa flotis daxmarebiT kunZulebic daipyro. yvela tirani elinur qveynebSi mxolod piradi interesebis Sesabamisad moqmedebda. maTi politika arsebiTad sakuTar Tavze, saxlze da misi mdgomareobis ganmtkicebaze zrunva gaxldaT, maT mezoblebTan omis garda araferi mniSvnelo vani ar gaukeTebiaT. mxolod siciliis tiranebma miaRwies 15 Tukidide.indd 15 01.04.2013 14:47:11 did warmatebebs. amdenad, eladis ganviTarebas didi xnis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva ram aferxebda. amitom saerTo didi saqmeebis keTeba ver xerxdeboda, calkeuli qveyana ki fxas ver iCenda. aTenisa da danarCeni eladis tiranebi (eladas didxans tiranebi marTavdnen), sicilieli tiranebis garda, lakede monelebma gandevnes. ramdenadac vici, lakedemoni iq dori elebis dasaxlebis Semdeg, sxva qveynebze metad dazaralda Sinaomebisgan. magram qveyana kargi kanonebiT imarTeboda da mas arasodes dapatronebia tirani. daaxloebiT oTxasi weli an meti icxovres lakedemonelebma erTi saxelmwifo wyobis pirobebSi. amitom maT did Zlierebas miaRwies da Seecadnen, sxva qveynebSic daemyarebinaT msgavsi kanonebi. eladidan tira nebis gandevnidan ramdenime wlis Semdeg maraTonTan moxda brZola midielebsa da aTenelebs Soris. xolo am brZolidan meaTe wels barbarosi kvlav daiZra didi laSqriT eladis dasamoneblad. eladas udidesi safrTxe daemuqra da lake demonelebi, rogorc yvelaze Zlevamosilebi, saTaveSi Caud gnen elinTa gaerTianebul laSqars, aTenelebma ki midielTa Semosevisas sakuTari qalaqi miatoves, mTeli qoneba gemebze aitanes da zRvaosnebi gaxdnen. saerTo ZalebiT barbarosis gandevnis Semdeg mefisagan ganTavisuflebuli elinebidan da maTi mokavSireeb idan zogi aTenelebs miemxro, zogi – lakede monelebs. es ori qveyana maSin yvelaze Zlier i iyo, erTi xme leTze, meore – zRvaze. magram es samxedro kavSiri xangrZlivi ar aRmoCnda. lakedemonelebi da aTenelebi mtrobam daaSora, isini mokavSireebTan erTad ebrZodnen erTmaneTs. elinuri qveynebic, yovelTvis, roca maT Soris SuRli ifeTqebda, an aTens uerTdebodnen, an lakedemons. amitom midiuri omebis damTavrebidan am omamde isini xan zavs debdnen, xanac eome bodnen erTmaneTs an yofil mokavSireebs, xvewdnen samxedro ostatobas, iZendnen gamocdilebas, eCveodnen xifaTs. 16 Tukidide.indd 16 01.04.2013 14:47:11 lakedemonelebi ar sTxovdnen Tavis mokavSireebs xarks, magram cdilobdnen lakedemonelebis mosawoni oligarqiuli mmarTveloba daemyarebinaT. aTenelebma ki droTa ganmav lobaSi mokavSireebs (qioselebisa da lesboselebis garda) xomaldebis gayvana da fuladi gadasaxadi dauweses. amitom maTi sabrZolo Zala omis win kidev ufro gaizarda. ai, sadamde mivedi eladis Zveli mdgomareobis gamokvlevi sas, Tumca Znelia bolomde endo nebismier cnobas. adamianebs xom sCveviaT, Semowmebis gareSe irwmunon ufrosi Taobisgan mosmenili ambebi warsulze, Tundac es maT samSoblos exebo des. elinebs xSirad araswori warmodgena aqvT iseT wes-Cve ulebebzec ki, romlebmac dros gauZlo da dRemde SemorCa. adamianTa umravlesoba Tavs ar iwuxebs WeSmaritebis Zieb iT da Tanaxmaa mza azrebi miiR os. raoden rTulic ar unda iyos istoriuli kvleva, didad ar Secdeba is, vinc CaTvlis, rom movlenebi Zvelad daaxlo ebiT ise viTardeboda, rogorc me aRvwere. vinc ar dauje rebs poetebs, romlebic alamazeben, azviadeben da umRerian movlenebs, vinc ar daujerebs arc logografosebis ufro lamaz, vidre marTal istoriebs. zemoT moyvanili aSkara mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze, is SeiZleba darwmundes, rom esoden Zveli ambebis kvlevis Sedegi sakmaod sandoa. marTa lia, adamianebi, Cveulebriv, mimdinare oms aRiqvamen umniS vnelovanesad, magram misi damTavrebis Semdeg maT ufro Zveli omebi aocebT. axlandeli omi ki daumtkicebs xalxs, rom is ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre adreuli omebi. rac Seex eba rogorc omamde, ise misi msvlelobisas warmoT qmul sityvebs, maTi zustad damaxsovreba da gadmocema SeuZ lebelia – Cem mier mosmenilisac da sxvisi monayolisac. Cems istoriaSi oratorebs is vaTqmevine, rac, Cemi azriT, Seefere boda situacias. amasTan, me SeZlebisdagvarad mivdev gamos vlis namdvil dedaazrs. omis msvlelobis gadmocemisas me ar 17 Tukidide.indd 17 01.04.2013 14:47:11 momaqvs pirveli Semxvedris monayoli an piradi mosazrebebi, aramed vcdilob aRvwero, erTi mxriv, mxolod is movlenebi, romelTa TviTmxilvelic viyavi da, meor e mxriv, detalurad gavarCio sxvaTa cnobebi. maTi safuZvliani Semowmeba ar iyo ioli saqme, radganac mowmeebis Sefasebebi damokidebuli iyo maT politikur simpaTiebsa da maxsovrobaze. zRaprul ambebs moklebuli Cemi Txroba SeiZleba ar mogeCvenoT mimzidve lad, magram Tu vinme moindomebs Seiswavlos Zvel movlenaTa sandooba da momavalSi moxdenis SesaZlebloba – adamianis bunebidan gamomdinare, movlenebi SeiZleba gameordes ama Tu im saxiT – me kmayofili viqnebi, Tu is Cems Sromas sasar geblod CaTvlis. Cemi naSromi Seqmnilia samaradJamod da ara msmenelTa wuTieri tkbobisaTvis. Zveli movlenebidan peloponesis omamde yvelaze mniSvne lovani iyo midiuri omi, magram misi bedi swrafad gadawyda ori sazRvao da ori saxmeleTo brZolis Sedegad. axlandeli omi ki didxans gagrZelda da misi msvlelobisas eladas arna xuli ubedureba gadaxda. arasodes daupyriaT da daungreviaT amdeni qalaqi, arasodes yofila amdeni ltolvili da mokluli (rogorc sabrZolo moqmedebebis, aseve SinaaSlilobis Sede gad). rac adre mxolod gadmocemiT iyo cnobili, sinamdvileSi ki ar dasturdeboda, axla Cveulebriv ambad iqca: saSinelma miwisZvrebma gadauara eladas, gaxSirda mzis dabnelebebi, daiwyo gvalva da SimSili. aTenis mosaxleob is mniSvnelovani nawili Wirma imsxverpla. yvela es ubedureba am omTan erTad daatyda Tavs eladas. aTenelebisa da peloponeselebis omi evbeis dapyrobis Semdeg dadebuli ocdaaTwliani zavis darRve viT daiwyo. pirvel rigSi ganvixilav zavis darRvevis mizezebsa da mxareTa urTierTbraldebebs. ZiriTadi, Tumca faruli mizezi, Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, iyo lakedemonelTa SiSi aTenis mzardi Zlierebis gamo. Riad ki orive mxare asaxelebda zavis darRvevisa da saomar moqmedebaTa dawyeb is Semdeg mizezebs: 18 Tukidide.indd 18 01.04.2013 14:47:11 ioniis yuris SesasvlelTan mdebareobs qalaqi epidamnosi. is kerkirelebma daaarses, xolo damfuZnebeli, wesisamebr, metropoliidan, korinTosidan miiwvies. koloniis dasaxle baSi korinTelebTan erTad sxva doriel ebic monawileobdnen. droTa ganmavlobaSi epidamnosis mosaxleoba gamravlda, qve yana gaZlierda, Tumca mogvianebiT, Sinaomebisa da barbaros mezoblebTan gancdili marcxis gamo nawilobriv Sesustda. am omamde cota xniT adre xalxma gandevna warCinebul gvar Ta warmomadgenlebi. isini ki barbarosebs daukavSirdnen da zRvasa Tu xmeleTze moqalaqeTa Zarcva daiwyes. moqalaqeebma saSvelad kerkiras mimarTes, magram uari miiR es. imedgacruebulm a moqalaqeebma delfoSi gagzavnes elCebi da RmerTebs daekiTxnen, korinTosis, meore metropoliis mfar veloba xom ar eTxovaT, razec Tanxmoba miiRes. asec moiqcnen. korinTelebi daexmarnen epidamnoss, radganac is maT koloni adac SeiZleboda CaTvliliyo. amasTan, korinTelebs kerkire lebis mtrobac amoZravebdaT. es ukanaskneli xom metropoliis mimarT jerovan mowiwebas ar iCenda. korinTelebs kerkirelTa saxalxo dResaswaulebsa da ritual ebSi ar uTmobdnen sapatio adgils, rogorc es sxva koloniebs hqondaT wesad, da, saer Tod, maT zemodan uyurebdnen, radganac im droisaTvis kerkira umdidres elinur qveyanaTa ricxvSi Sedioda da omisTvisac sxvebze metad iyo mzad. kerkirelebi amayobdnen sakuTari Zlieri flotiT, romlis Seqmnasac isini maT kunZulze odes Rac mcxovreb saxelovan zRvaosnebs, feakebs ukavSirebdnen da romelic omis dasawyisSi as oc triers Seadgenda. kerkirelebze nawyenma korinTelebma siamovnebiT gau wodes daxmarebis xeli epidamnoss. maT iq gadasaxlebis neba darTes nebismier msurvels da gaagzavnes garnizoni. zRvaze kerkirelTa Tavdasxmis SiSiT isini xmeleTiT gaemarTnen. epi damnosSi kolonistebisa da garnizonis Casvlasa da koloniis korinTosis mfarvelobis qveS gadasvlas kerkiraze mtru 19 Tukidide.indd 19 01.04.2013 14:47:11 lad Sexvdnen. maT maSinve gagzavnes epidamnosSi ocdaxuTi xomaldi da Semdeg kidev meore eskadra da moiTxoves rogorc devnilTa dabruneba (am droisaTvis kerkiraze epidamnosi dan devnilma aristokratebma moiyares Tavi, isini iTxov dnen winaparTa saflavebTan da naTesavebTan dabrunebas), aseve kolonistebisa da garnizonis gawveva. epidamnosi ar daemorCila da kerkirelebma ilirielebTan erTad ormoci xomaldiT gailaSqres masze. Tan devnilebi mihyavdaT, raTa ZaliT daebrunebinaT isini samSobloSi. kerkirelebi qalaqis misadgomebTan dabanakdnen da macnes meSveobiT ganacxades: `nebismier moqalaqesa Tu ucxoels daubrkoleblad SeuZ lia qalaqis datoveba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT rogorc mtrebs, ise moeqcevian.~ epidamnosi kvlav ar daemorCila maT da daiwyo qalaqis alyaSi moqceva. Sikrikma es ambavi korinTelebs miutana da maTac maSinve salaSqrod daiwyes mzadeba, Tanac yvela msurvels epatiJe bodnen epidamnosSi, raTa axali koloniis Tanasworufle biani Tanadamaarseblebi gamxdariyvnen. Tu msurveli ar iyo salaSqrod mzad, SeeZlo ormocdaaTi korinTuli draqma Seetana xazinaSi. wamsvlelic bevri aRmoCnda da fulis Sem tanic. korinTelebma daxmarebisTvis mokavSireebs mimarTes, zogma xomaldebi gamogzavna, zogmac fuli. TviT korinTosma ocdaaT i xomaldi da sami aTasi hopliti aRWurva. rodesac kerkirelebma am samzadisis Sesaxeb Seityves, Camovidnen korinTosSi lakedemonel da sikionel elCebTan erTad da kidev erTxel moiTxoves garnizonisa da kolonis tebis epidamnosidan gawveva. pasuxad ki miiRes: Tu korinToss rame pretenzia aqvs am qalaqze, maSin kerkirelebi saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi sTavazoben. SearCion peloponesSi qveynebi, romlebic orive mxarisaTvis misaRebi iqneba da maT gadawyviton, vin flobdes epidamnoss. kerkirelebi, aseve, Tanaxma iyvnen delfos samisnosaTvis eTxovaT maTi gansja. 20 Tukidide.indd 20 01.04.2013 14:47:11 omis dawyeba maT ar surT, magram Tu korinTosi Zalas gamo iyenebs, isinic iZulebuli iqnebian, sxva megobrebi eZebon. korinTelebma upasuxes: Tu kerkirelebi TavianT xomaldebsa da barbarosebs moacileben epidamnosidan, isini mzad arian ganixilon es dava, magram sanam epidamnosi alyaSia, maT ker kirelebTan salaparako araferi aqvT. kerkirelebma miuges: isini gaiyvanen jars, Tu korinTelebic imasve izamen. isini aseve Tanaxmani iyvnen droebiT dazavebaze, sanam momrigebe li sasamarTlo saqmes gadawyvetda. magram korinTelebs arafris gagoneba ar surdaT. maT omi gamoucxades kerkirelebs da epidamnosSi gagzavnes samoc daTxuTmeti xomaldi ori aTasi hoplitiT. aqtiosTan, ampra kiis yuris SesasvlelTan, sadac apolonis cnobili samlocve loa, kerkirelebma maT macne miugzavnes da SeCereba ubrZanes, xolo sakuTari xomaldebi sabrZolvelad moamzades. macne uariT dabrunda, kerkirelebi ki dasxdnen gemebze (sul oTx moci gemi iyo, radgan ormoci epidamnosis alyiT iyo dakave buli) da mters Seebnen. maT korinTelTa TxuTmeti xomaldi gaanadgures da gadamwyvet gamarjvebas miaRwies. ise moxda, rom imave dRes epidamnosic danebda moalyeebs im pirobiT, rom ucxoelebs monebad gahyiddnen, xolo datyvevebuli korinTelebi maTi bedis saboloo gadawyvetas daelode bodnen. sazRvao brZolis mogebis Semdeg kerkirelebma levki mes koncxze gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes, tyveebi daxoces, korinTelebs ki borkilebi daades. mas mere, rac korinTelebi da maTi mokavSireebi Sin dabrundnen, kerkirelebi daepat ronen zRvas. isini Tavs esxmodnen da did zians ayenebdnen korinTelTa koloniebsa da mokavSireebs. Semdeg zafxuls korinTelebma eskadra da laSqari gagzavnes levkadisa da sxva mokavSireebis dasacavad. isini aqtiosTan, qimeriasa da TesprotiasTan gamagrdnen. kerkirelebic dabanakdnen levki 21 Tukidide.indd 21 01.04.2013 14:47:11 mes pirdapir, magram Tavdasxma verc erTma mxarem ver gabeda. orive eskadra mTeli zafxuli idga erTmaneTis pirispir da zamTris dasawyisSi ukan gabrunda. sazRvao brZolis Semdeg korinTelebi or wels emzadebod nen kerkirelebTan omisaTvis. isini agebdnen xomaldebs da qiraobdnen mezRvaurebs peloponessa da danarCen eladaSi. kerkirelebi SeaSfoTa maTma samzadisma. isini amitom ar iyvnen arc erTi kavSiris wevri da maT gadawyvites, daxmarebisTvis aTenelebisaTvis miemarTaT. es rom korinTelebma gaiges, maTac gagzavnes elCebi aTenSi, radganac aTenisa da kerkiris gaerTianebul sazRvao ZalebTan g amarjvebis imedi maT ver eqnebodaT. am mizeziT aTenSi mowveul saxalxo krebaze orive mxare gamovida sityviT. kerkirelebma Tqves: `aTenelebo, samarTliani iqneba, vinc sxvas daxmarebas sTxovs (Tu mas Zveli damsaxurebebis gamo, araferi ekuTvnis), daamtkicos, rom misi Txovnis Sesruleba sasikeTo iqneba imis Tvisac, visac mimarTaven, an arafers avnebs mainc mas da daxma rebas madlierebiT miiReben. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mTxovnels ar unda ewyinos, Tu uariT gaistumreben. amJamad kerkirelebma gamogvgzavnes kavSiris TxovniTa da mtkice garantiiT, rom Cvenc valSi ar davrCebiT. samwuxarod, Tqvens mimarT Cveni Zveli neitralitetis politika gabrkolebT, rom dagvexma roT, CvenTvis ki saxifaTo gaxda. adre Cven arc erT kavSirSi ar SevsulvarT, axla ki TviTon movediT amis saTxovnelad, rad gan ar gvyavs mokavSireebi korinTelebTan mosalodnel omSi. rac adre gonivrul sifrTxiled migvaCnda – ar gveoma sxvisi nebiT ucxo qveyanasTan kavSiriT Sekrulebs – ugunureba da Cveni sisustis wyaro aRmoCnda. marTalia, ukanasknel sazRvao brZolaSi Cven sakuTari ZalebiT davamarcxeT korinTelebi, magram axla, rodesac isini mTels eladaSi agroveben mokavSi reebs, Cven veRar gavumklavdebiT maT, damarcxebis SemTxve vaSi ki maTi qveSevrdomoba gvelis. amitom Cven unda gTxovoT 22 Tukidide.indd 22 01.04.2013 14:47:11 daxmareba Tqven an sxva romelime qveyanas. Cven vimsaxurebT gulisxmierebas, radganac Cveni adrindeli neitraliteti ara borot ganzraxvas, aramed araswor gaTvlas emyareboda, axla ki mzad varT uari vTqvaT umoqmedobaze. Tu Cvens Txovnas SeismenT, pirvel yovlisa, daexmarebiT usamarTlod daCagruls; Tu mZime gansacdelSi xels gamogviw vdiT, mudam Tqveni madlobelebi viqnebiT. da bolos, Tqvens Semdeg uZlieresi floti Cven gvyavs. dafiqrdiT, ra kargi SesaZleblobaa TqvenTvis da ra dartymaa Tqveni mtrebisaTvis, rom qveyana, romelsac isini siamovnebiT miimxrobdnen nebis mier fasad, Tavisi nebiT modis TqvenTan. amasTan, is gadmodis Tqvens gankargulebaSi ise, rom ar gagdebT xifaTsa Tu xar jSi, Tqven iZenT didsulovanis saxels da amravlebT Tqvens samxedro Zalas. iSviaTia, ase gaumarTlos vinmes, rogorc Tqven, da iSviaTia, mTxovnels SeeZlos sikeTis ise gadaxda, rogorc Cven. rac Seexeba oms, cdeba is, vinc fiqrobs, rom misi Tavidan acileba moxerxdeba. lakedemonelebi Tqveni SiSiT apireben oms, korinTelebi ki ocneboben, Cven dagvamarcxon, raTa Semdeg Tqven dagesxan Tavs. korinTelebs eSiniaT, rom Cven ar gaverTiandeT. Cveni amocanaa, davaswroT maT. Cven kavSirs gTavazobT – jobs, CavuSaloT zraxvebi, vidre Semdeg veZeboT gamosavali. Tu korinTelebi ityvian, rom Cven maTi kolonistebi varT da Tqven ar gaqvT Cveni miRebis ufleba, dae icodnen, rom kolonia manam aRiarebs metropolias, sanam es ukanaskneli mas keTilad epyroba. kolonistebi ucxo miwaze samSobloSi darCenilTa monobas ki ar eZeben, aramed maTTan Tanaswo robas. korinTelTa usamarTloba aSkaraa: Cven SevTavazeT epidamnosis sakiTxis samediatoro sasamarTloze ganxilva, maT ki Zala amjobines. Tqven arc ki daarRvevT lakedemonelebTan SeTanxmebas, Tu mfarvelobas gagviwevT, radganac Cven arc erTi kavSiris 23 Tukidide.indd 23 01.04.2013 14:47:11 wevrebi ar varT. xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad neitralur elinur qveyanas xom SeuZlia SeuerTdes romelime kavSirs. dauSvebe lia, korinTelebma mezRvaurebi gamoiyvanon ara marto maTi mokavSireebis rigebidan, aramed mTeli eladidan, maT Soris Tqveni samflobeloebidanac, Cven agvikrZalon mokavSiris Zebna, Tqven ki – Cveni Tanadgoma. cudi iqneba, Tu ver dagarwmu nebT, xels gvkravT da Tqvens metoqe korinTelebs saSualebas miscemT, Cvens xarjze gaZlierdnen. es usamarTloba iqneba. Tqven an unda aukrZaloT maT Tqvens miwebze moqiravneTa Sekreba, an Cvenc dagvexmaroT. yvelafers ajobebs, kavSirSi migviRoT da floti mogvaSveloT. Cveni kavSiri TqvenTvisac sasargebloa: saerTo mtrebi gvyavs, rac kavSiris simtkicis sawindaria. sazRvao kavSirs vkravT, rac TqvenTvis sagange bod mniSvnelovania. Tqven ar unda dauSvaT, rom sxvasac hyav des Zlieri floti, da Tu aseTi mainc arsebobs, jobia Tqveni mokavSire iyos. zogi Tqvengani am winadadebas sarfianad CaTvlis, magram xelSekrulebis darRvevas mainc moerideba. Tumca es darRve va, Cveni ZaliT Semagrebuli, mxolod SeaSinebs mters, xolo pirobis erTguleba Tqveni sisustis niSnad aRiqmeba. saqme kerkiras aRar exeba, aramed aTens. cud samsaxurs gauw evs mas is, vinc gardauvali omis win uars ityvis CvenTan kavSirze. kerkiras kargi mdebareoba aqvs italiisa da siciliis napi rebis gaswvriv zRvaosnobisTvis: mas SeuZlia ar gamoataros iqidan peloponeselTa dasaxmareblad wamosuli xomaldebi, Cven Zalebs ki iqiT gza gauxsnas. mokled, bedis anabara ar unda dagvtovoT. dRes eladaSi sami Zlieri flotia: Tqve ni, Cveni da korinTelebis. Tu korinTelebi dagvamarcxeben, Tqven peloponeselTa da kerkirelTa xomaldebTan mogiwevT brZola, xolo Tu kavSirSi migviRebT, zRvaze Tqveni mZle veli aRaravin iqneba.~ korinTelebma ki ase upasuxes: 24 Tukidide.indd 24 01.04.2013 14:47:11 `kerkirelebma ara marto kavSiri SemogvTavazes, aramed Cvenc dagvadanaSaules omis usamarTlod da ukanonod war marTvaSi. amitom, sanam saqmeze gadavidodeT, amas unda vupa suxoT. maSin Tqven ukeT gaig ebT, Cven ra gvinda, da rom maT uari unda uTxraT. isini ar kravdnen kavSirs vinmesTan ara sifrTxilis gamo, aramed swored boroti ganzraxviT. uke Tur saqmeSi maT arc mokavSire sWirdebodaT da arc mowme. TviTon iSviaTad stumroben ucxo navsadgurebs, magram bevri xomaldi miadgeba maT kunZuls avdris SiSiT. neitraliteti maT imisTvis ki ar undaT, rom sxvis danaSaulSi ar gaerion, aramed imisTvis, rom Tavisuflad iyaCaRon. Tu SemTxveva miecaT, Zalasac iyeneben da sxvis qonebasac iTviseben. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveni kolonistebi arian, didi xania, rac CamogvSordnen da axla gvebrZvian kidec. Tavs imiT imar Tleben, rom Cvengan usamarTlobis asatanad ar gadasaxlebu lan. Cven ki vambobT: imisTvis ki ar dagviarsebia axalSeni, rom maTi elCebisgan Seuracxyofa visminoT, aramed imisTvis, rom maT saTaveSi vidgeT da isini jerovan pativs mogvagebdnen. sxva koloniebisaTvis Tu kargebi varT, arc kerkirelebs unda hqondeT ukmayofilebis safuZveli. maTi gamomwvevi upativ cemuloba rom ara, Cven sakuTar koloniasTan ar viomebdiT. damnaSavec rom viyoT, maT mainc marTebdaT CvenTvis angariSis gaweva da Cvenc mogverideboda Zalis gamoyeneba maTi Tavmdab lobis Semxedvares. axla ki ise gaTavxeddnen, rom daipyres Cveni epidamnosi, romelic gasaWiris Jams arc ki axsovdaT. isini amboben, rom saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilva undodaT, magram aseT winadadebas meti fasi eqneboda, Tu Tanaswor mdgomareobaSi CavdgebodiT. kerkirelebs ki sasamarTlo maSin gaaxsendaT, roca darwmundnen, rom Cven epidamnosis alyas gulgrilad ar SevxedavdiT. axla ki aq movidnen da cdiloben, maTi danaSaulis Tanamonawiled gaqcion. kavSiri maSin eTxovaT, sanam araferi emuqrebodaT. maSin Tqven maT 25 Tukidide.indd 25 01.04.2013 14:47:11 gan araferi migiRiaT, gansacdelSi ki daxmarebas gTxoven. marTalia, udanaSaulo xarT, magram xels Tu gauwvdiT, Cven winaSe mtyuani aRmoCndebiT. cxadia, Cven gvaqvs ukmayofilebis sruli safuZveli da rom kerkirelebi moZalade da angarebiani xalxia. axla vecdebiT dagimtkicoT, ratom ar gaqvT maTi winadadebis miRebis ufle ba. xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, nebismier qveyanas, romelic ar Sedis mokavSireTa siaSi, SeuZlia SeuerTdes nebismier kav Sirs. magram es gulisxmobs ara maT, vinc kavSirSi sxvis sazi anod Sedis, aramed mxolod maT, vinc mfarvelobas eZebs. Tu saxelmwifo, visac daxmarebas sTxoven, gonivrulad moiqceva, ar daarRvevs mSvidobas da ar iqneba omSi CaTreuli. swored es geliT, Tu ar dagvijerebT. maSin Tqven iqceviT ara mxolod maT damcvelad, aramed xelSekrulebis damrRvevad da Cvens mtrad. Tu maT daexmarebiT, Cven TqvenTan brZola mogviwevs. samarTliani iqneba, neitraliteti daicvaT an sulac Cven dagvexmaroT. korinTosTan zavi gaqvT dadebuli, kerkiras Tan ki arasdros araviTari SeTanxmeba ar gqoniaT. nu daicavT sxvisgan gandgomil qveynebs. Cven xom ar gamovsulvarT Tqven winaaRmdeg, rodesac samosi gangidgaT da peloponeselTa azri gaiyo, davxmarebodiT Tu ara mas. piriqiT, Cven Riad davuWireT mxari imas, rom yvela qveyanas hqondes sakuTar mokavSireTa dasjis ufleba. Tu Cvens mters daicavT, sakuTar mokavSireebs dahkargavT da es siaxle Tqven metad gavnebT. ai, Cveni samarTliani moTxovnebi, romelic elinTa wese bidan gamomdinareobs. SegaxsenebT, rom Cveni madliereba gmarTebT. mtrebi ar varT, rom erTmaneTs vavnoT, magram arc iseTi axloblebi varT, rom usasyidlod davexmaroT erTma neTs. midiur omamde Tqven samxedro xomaldebi ar gyofni daT eginasTan sabrZolvelad da korinTelebisgan oci gemi miiReT. aman da samoselTa gandgomisas gaweulma samsaxurma mogcaT saSual eba, dagemarcxebinaT egina da dagesajaT samo 26 Tukidide.indd 26 01.04.2013 14:47:11 si. es moxda im pirobebSi, roca adamianebs mterTan brZolaSi mxolod gamarjveba adardebT. nebismier damxmares megobrad miiCneven, adre romc mteri yofiliyo, da nebismier xelisSem Slels, Tundac Zvel megobars – mtrad. wuTieri interesiT Sepyrobili axloblobas aras dagidevs. dafiqrdiT da sikeTe sikeTiTve gadagvixadeT. nu ifiqrebT, rom Cvens simarTles omis SemTxvevaSi sxva xeiri gadaswonis. uzneo gza yovelTvis momgebiani rodia. aravin icis, daiwye ba Tu ara kerkirelTa danapirebi omi. misi SiSiT dResve nu gaimravlebT mtrebs. jobia gavfantoT megaris gamo gaCenili undobloba. mciredi samsaxuriTac SeiZleba Zveli codvis gamosyidva. nu mogxiblavT kerkirelTa SemoTavazebuli flo ti, keTilmezobloba Zalis bevrad ufro saimedo wyaroa, vid re am gziT miRweuli xifaTiT aRsavse droebiTi monapovari. yovel qveyanas ufleba aqvs, mohkiTxos Tavis mokavSire ebs. Cven adrec am azrisa viyaviT da Tqvenganac veliT, rom xels ar SegviSliT. aseTi samsaxuri unda gagviwioT. axla vinc Cvens mxarezea, saukeTeso megobaria, vinc Cvens winaaRmdeg gamodis – dauZinebeli mteri. nu SekravT kerkirelebTan kav Sirs Cven winaaRmdeg, es samarTlianic iqneba da TqvenTvisve sasargebloc.~ aTenelebma mousmines orive mxares da saxalxo kreba orjer moiwvies. pirvel Sekrebaze isini ufro korinTelTa mxares ixrebodnen, meore dRes ki gadaifiqres da gadawyvites ker kirasTan kavSiri, magram ara iseTi, rom saerTo megobrebi da mtrebi hyolodaT. kerkirelTa winadadeba, erTad dasxmodnen Tavs korinToss, aTenisTvis peloponeselebTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis darRvevas niSnavda. amitom SeTanxmdnen Tav dasxmis SemTxvevaSi urTierTdaxmarebaze. aTenelebi darwmu nebulebi iyvnen, rom peloponeselebTan omi gardauvali iyo da ar surdaT kerkira da misi Zlieri floti korinTelebs egdoT xelT. pirvel rigSi ki maT surdaT isini erTmaneTi 27 Tukidide.indd 27 01.04.2013 14:47:11 saTvis daep irispirebinaT da momaval omSi ukve dasustebul metoqesTan hqonodaT saqme. garda amisa, aSkara iyo kerkiris xelsayreli mdebareoba italiisa da siciliis gzaze. ase afasebdnen aTenelebi mdgomareobas, rodesac kerki rasTan kavSiri dades. maT kerkiraze gagzavnes aTi xomaldi, romlebic ar unda SebrZolebodnen korinTelebs, sanam isini kunZuls Tavs ar daesxmodnen. korinTelebma ki daasrules samzadisi da as ormocdaaTi xomaldiT daiZrnen kerkiris winaaRmdeg. eskadra miadga xme leTs kerkiris pirdapir qimeriasTan Tesprotebis miwaze. iq CauSves Ruzebi da dabanakdnen. korinTelTa moaxloeba rom gaiges, kerkirelebmac gamo iyvanes as aTi xomaldi da sibotebad wodebuli kunZulebi dan erT-erTze moawyves sadgomi. maT axldaT aTenelTa aTi xomaldic. levkimes koncxze kerkirelTa qveiTi jari gan lagda ZakinTosidan dasaxmareblad mosul aTas hoplitTan erTad. korinTelebs barbarosTagan Semdgari didi damxmare laSqari hyavdaT, radganac adgilobrivi mosaxleoba maTi Zveli megobari iyo. korinTelebi sakvebis samdRiani maragiT RamiT gavid nen Ria zRvaSi da gariJraJze maTken momavali kerkirelTa xomaldebi dainaxes. mowinaaRmdege mxareebi sabrZolvelad moemzadnen. kerkirelTa marjvena flangze atikuri xomalde bi iyo, xolo danarCeni frontis xazi sam eskadrad dayofil xomaldebs eWira. korinTelebma marjvena flangze megaris da amprakiis xomaldebi daayenes, centrSi – danarCeni mokavSire ebis, marcxniv ki (aTenelTa da kerkirelTa marjvena flangis pirispir) – Tavisi sauk eTeso Zalebi. bolos gaisma niSani. eskadrebi erTmaneTs miuaxlovdnen da brZola daiwyo. xomaldebi Zveleburad, arasrulyofilad iyo aRWurvili. gembanze orive mxares bevri hopliti, moisari da Subis mtyorcneli hyavda. ficxeli brZola gaCaRda, magram 28 Tukidide.indd 28 01.04.2013 14:47:11 ara metoqeTa taqtikuri ostatobis gamo – es ufro saxmele To brZolas hgavda. siviwrovesa da areulobaSi xomaldebi erTmaneTs ejaxeboda da Zlivs Sordeboda. metoqeebs xel CarTul brZolaSi hoplitebis gamarjvebis imedi hqondaT, xomaldebi ki erT adgilas idgnen. mowinaaRmdegis wyobis garRvevas aravin cdilobda. uxeSi Zala da brZolis Jini cvlida sabrZolo xelovnebas. saSineli xmauri da areuloba sufevda. aTenelTa xomaldebi mxolod mowinaaRmdegis Tav dasxmisas gamoCndebodnen xolme kerkirelebis maxloblad, raTa mteri SeeSinebinaT, magram brZolaSi ar ebmebodnen. gansakuTrebiT dazaralda korinTelTa marjvena flangi. iq kerkirelebma oci xomaldiT ukuaqcies mteri da sdies mas xmeleTamde. Semdeg metoqis banaksac miaRwies, gaZarcves da gadawves igi. aq korinTelebi da maTi mokavSireebi damar cxdnen. marcxena flangze ki, sadac mxolod korinTelebi idgnen, maT warmatebas miaRwies, radgan isedac mcirericxovan kerkirelebs mters dadevnebuli oci xomaldic daakldaT. rodesac aTenelebma dainaxes kerkirelTa gansacdeli, ukve aSkarad Caebnen brZolaSi. kerkirelebis gaqcevis Semdeg korinTelebma ar miiTvises mtris dazianebuli xomaldebi. isini dacuravdnen garSe mo da xalxs xocavdnen. Tavisi mokavSirec bevri daxoces, radgan ar icodnen marjvena flangze damarcxebis Sesaxeb. zRvaze imdeni xomaldi curavda, rom mxareeb i Zneli gasar Cevi iyo. xomaldTa raodenobiT es yvelaze didi sazRvao brZola iyo, rac ki elinTa Soris momxdara. kerkirelebis gandevnis Semdeg korinTelebi ukan gabrundnen, daaTvali eres sakuTari xomaldebis naSTebi, Seagroves daRupulebi da waasvenes sibotebze, sadac maT barbarosTa damxmare jari eloda. Semdeg Sekribes xomaldebi da isev kerkirelTa wina aRmdeg gaemarTnen. kerkirelebic gadarCenili ZalebiT maT Sesaxvedrad gamoemarTnen. ukve gvian iyo da kerkirelebma 29 Tukidide.indd 29 01.04.2013 14:47:11 Tavdasxmis niSnad peanis simRera wamoiwyes. am dros korin Telebma aTenelTa oci xomaldi SeniSnes da ukan gabrundnen (es xomaldebi aTenelebma damatebiT gamogzavnes, radganac ifiqres, rom mxolod aTi gemiT kerkiras ver daicavdnen). kerkirelebi ki ver xvdebodnen, ra xdeboda, sanam viRacam Sors afrebi ar dainaxa. Tavidan mteri egonaT da SeeSin daT, magram Semdeg mixvdnen Secdomas. aTenelTa xomaldebma gacures gvamebsa da gemebis namtvrevebs Soris da levkimes koncxTan CauSves Ruza. meore dRes ocdaaTi atikuri xomaldi kerkirelTa gadar Cenil gemebTan erTad korinTelTa winaaRmdeg daiZra. korin Telebic moewyvnen sabrZolvelad, magram Setevas ar Cqarob dnen aTenelTa damxmare Zalebisa da sakuTari SeWirvebuli mdgomareobis gamo: maT unda edarajaT tyveebisaTvis xomal debze, dazianebuli gemebis SekeTeba ucxo mxareSi SeuZlebeli iyo. maT undodaT Sin mSvidobiT dabruneba. SiSobdnen, vaiTu guSindeli brZolis Semdeg aTenelebma zavi darRveulad CaTvalon da ukana gza mogviWrano. korinTelebma ambis gasagebad aTenelebs ramdenime kaci gaugzavnes macnis kverTxis gareSe. maT Tqves: `aTenelebo, usamarTlod iqceviT, rodesac zavs arRvevT da Cven gveo mebiT. Cven mtrebis dasja gvinda, Tqven ki xels gviSliT. Tu namdvilad gadawyvetili gaqvT zavis darRveva da kerkiraze an sxvagan Cveni gadaadgilebis Seferxeba, axlave gaakeTeT es da amieridan mtrebad CagvTvaleT~. kerkirelebma xmauri atexes da wargzavnilTa daxocva iTxoves, magram aTenelebma mosulebs miug es: `peloponeselebo, Cven sulac ar vapirebT oms da zavis darRvevas. Cven mxolod mokavSireebs vicavT. sxvagan wasvlas ar giSliT, magram kerkiraze Tavdasxmas ar davuSvebT~. am pasuxis Semdeg korinTelebi Sin gasamgzavreblad gaem zadnen da xmeleTze sibotebTan gamarjvebis niSani aRmar Tes. kerkirelebma ki Seagroves napirze gamoriyuli gvamebi, 30 Tukidide.indd 30 01.04.2013 14:47:11 xomaldebis namtvrevebi da maTac aRmarTes sibotebze gamar jvebis niSani. orive mxare Tavs gamarjvebulad Tvlida da hqonda kidec safuZveli: korinTelebma sazRvao brZolaSi gaimarjves, daRupulebi da sakuTari dazianebuli gemebi gaiyvanes, mowinaaRmdegis aTasze meti kaci daatyveves da samocdaaTi xomaldi gamoiyvanes mwyobridan. kerkireleb mac mtris ocdaaTi gemi mospes, aTenelTa gamoCenis Semdeg sakuTar daRupulebs upatrones da mterma brZolis ganax leba veRar gabeda. korinTelebma kerkireli tyveebidan rvaasi mona gayides, xolo oras ormocdaaTi warCinebuli daitoves da maT kargad eqceonen, raTa maTi guli moegoT. ase bednierad gadaurCa kerkira korinTosTan oms da aTenelTa xomaldebic Sin mSvi dobiT dabrundnen. magram es gaxda aTenelebTan korinTelTa omis pirveli mizezi. amis Semdeg sxva mizezic gamoCnda aTenelebis da pelopo neselebis omisaTvis. korinTelebi eZebnen aTenelebisaTvis samagieros gadaxdis saSualebas da es arc iyo aTenelTaT vis dafaruli. amitom aTenelebma poteidaias (korinTelTa kolonias palenis yelze da maT mokavSire – moxarkes) mos Txoves qalaqis galavanis morRveva samxreTis mxridan, mZev lebis micema da korinTel epidemiurgTa gaZeveba. aTenelebi SiSobdnen, rom korinTelebisa da perdikas mier waqezebuli poteidaia ar gandgomoda maT da ar aeyoliebina danarCeni Trakiul i qalaqebi. es zomebi aTenelebma kerkirasTan sazRvao brZolis dam TavrebisTanave miiRes. korinTelebi maSin ukve aSkarad mtrobdnen aTenelebs, xolo maTi Zveli megobari perdika aleqsandres Ze, makedoniis mefe, ganudga maT mis metoqeebTan (mis ZmasTan, filipesTan da derdasTan) dadebuli xelSek rulebis gamo da aTenelTa winaaRmdeg mokavSireTa Ziebas Seudga. aTenelebma makedoniaSi ocdaaTi xomaldi da aTasi 31 Tukidide.indd 31 01.04.2013 14:47:11 hopliti gagzavnes da maTve daavales poteidaiaSi mZevlebi aeyvanaT, galavnis dangreva eiZulebinaT da sxva qalaqebSi ajanyebis SesaZlebloba gamoericxaT. poteidaielebma aTenelebs elCebi gaugzavnes da Seecadnen ganzraxvaze xeli aeRebinebinaT. dasaxmareblad korinTelebsa da lakedemonsac mimarTes. aTenSi elCobas warmateba ar mohyo lia da makedoniaSi gagzavnili xomaldebis samizned poteidaia iqca, xolo lakedemonSi maT Tanadgoma aRuTqves aTenelTa Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi. gamxnevebulma poteidaielebma gadawy vites qalkideelebTan da botieebTan erTad gandgomodnen aTens. perdikam daarwmuna qalkideelebi, daengriaT sakuTari qalaqebi sanapiroze da qveynis siRrmeSi, olinsSi gadasaxle buliyvnen, es mxare miudgomlad eqciaT. mefem sakuTari miwac dauTmo maT, sanam aTenelebTan iomebdnen. Trakiis sanapiroze misul aTenelTa xomaldebs poteidaia da sxva qalaqebi ukve ganmdgari daxvdaT. sardlebma ver gabe des maT xelT arsebuli ZalebiT perdikasTan da amboxebul qalaqebTan erTdroul ad brZola da makedoniaze gail aSqres filipesTan da derdas ZmebTan erTad. poteidaias bediT Sewuxebulma korinTelebma mas dasax mareblad moxaliseTa da peloponesSi Sekrebil moqiravneTa razmi gaugzavnes, aTas eqvsasi hopliti da oTxasi msubuqad SeiaraRebuli mebrZoli. maT aristevsi sardlobda, potide elTa didi megobari. swored misi xaTriT Seikribnen korinTe li moxaliseebi. poteidaias gandgomidan ormoc dReSi isini Trakiaz e gadavidnen. rodesac aTenelebma qalaqebis gandgomisa da aristevsis laSqris ambavi Seityves, amboxebulTa winaaRmdeg ori aTasi hopliti gagzavnes aTenis moqalaqeTa rigebidan da ormo ci xomaldi kaliasisa da kidev oTxi sardlis meTaurobiT. makedoniaSi Casuli aTenelebi SeuerTdnen pirvel razms, romelsac Terme ukve aeRo da pidnasTvis Semoertya alya. 32 Tukidide.indd 32 01.04.2013 14:47:11 magram poteidaiaSi Seqmnilma mdgomareobam aiZula isini, SeTanxmebodnen perdikas. aTenelebma datoves makedonia da xmeleTiT gailaSqres poteidaiaze. maTi laSqari Sedgeboda sami aTasi aTeneli hoplitis, bevri mokavSirisa da eqvsasi makedoneli mxedrisagan, romelTac filipe da pavsaniasi sardlobdnen, sanapiros ki samocdaaTi xomaldi mouyveboda. maT mesame dRes miaRwies gigons da iq dabanakdnen. poteidaielebma da aristevsis razmma qalaqTan moawyves banaki olinsis mxridan. qveiTTa meTaurad aristevsi airCies, mxedrebis meTaurad ki – perdika, romelmac amasobaSi kvlav uRalata aTenelebs. aristevsis gegma amgvari iyo: is Tavisi razmiT mters qalaqis misadgomebTan viwrobSi eloda, qalki deelebi da sxva mokavSireebi – yels gadaRma, xolo perdikas ori aTasi mxedari olinsSi rCeboda, raTa aTenelTa Setevis SemTxvevaSi maT zurgidan dasxmoda Tavs. kaliasma, aTenelTa sardalma, olinsis winaaRmdeg gagzavna makedoneli mxedrebi, mokavSireTa mcire razmi ki – zurgis dasacavad, xolo Tvi Ton banakidan poteidaiasken daiZra. yels rom miadgnen da mteri dainaxes, TviTonac sabrZolod daewyvnen da brZolac gaCaRda. peloponeselTa rCeulma nawilebma aristevsis sar dlobiT mteri ukuaqcies da didxans sdies mas. poteidaielTa da peloponeselTa danarCeni laSqari damarcxda da qalaqis kedlebs Seefara. aristevsma dain axa, rac moxda. is erTxans yoymanobda, saiT wasuliyo – olinsSi Tu poteidaiaSi. bolos razmi mWidrod daawyo da swrafi svliT poteidaiasken gaeSura. man moaxerxa qalaqamde misvla, gaia ra isrebis wvimaSi da razmis didi nawili gadaarCina. olinsidan poteidaias dasaxmareblad wamosulma razmma sul cota manZilis gavla moaswro brZolis dawyebamde. makedoneli mxedrebi sabrZolvelad moewyvnen, raTa gza gada eRobaT maTTvis. aTenelTa gamarjveba male cxadi gaxda da olinTelebi qalaqSi gabrundnen, makedonelebi ki – aTenelTa 33 Tukidide.indd 33 01.04.2013 14:47:11 banakSi. amdenad, mxedrebs brZolaSi monawileoba ar miuRiaT. aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da damarcxebulebs daRupul meomarTa dakrZalvis neba misces. poteidaielebma da maTma mokavSireebma samasi kaci dakarges, aTenelebma – as ormocdaaTi moqalaqe, maT Soris, sardali kaliasi. brZolis Semdeg aTenelebma maSinve aages meore kedeli qalaqis galavnis gaswvriv CrdiloeTis mxridan da mas guSagi dauyenes, palenis mxare ki daucveli darCa. aTenelebs ar hyav daT sakmarisi Zala, rom yelic daecvaT da palenis mxridan kedelic aegoT. amitom aTenma kidev aTas eqvsasi hopliti gamogzavna formion is sardlobiT. formioni nela miuaxlov da poteidaias da palenis mxridanac Semoartya mas kedeli. zRvidan misasvlels ki aTenis eskadra ketavda. qalaqi alyaSi aRmoCnda. aristevss imedi ewureboda. man SesTavaza yvelas, xuTasi kacis garda, daetovebinaT qala qi, raTa sakvebis maragi metxans hyofnodaT, TviTon ki mis dasacavad apirebda darCenas. poteidaielebma ar miiRes es winadadeba. maSin is Tavad wavida daxmarebis saZebnelad, gaepara aTenel guSagebs, ibrZoda qalkidikeSi, awarmoebda saidumlo molaparakebebs peloponesSi. es gaxda aTenelTa da peloponeselTa uTanxmoebis meore sababi. korinTelebi ver patiobdnen aTens poteidaias alyas, aTenelebi ki maT sayvedurobdnen, rom peloponeselebma maTi mokavSire ajanyebaze waaqezes da Riadac ibrZodnen potei daielTa mxareze. magram es jer kidev ar iyo namdvili omi. poteidaias blokada korinTelebs mosvenebas ukargavda. isi ni TavianT TanamemamuleTa bedsac ganicdidnen da qalaqisasac. alyis dawyebis Semdeg lakedemonSi Sekribes mokavSireebi da aTens zavis darRvevaSi dasdes brali. eginelebma ver gabedes krebaze elCebis gagzavna, Tumca farulad saomrad aqezebdnen sxvebs. lakedemonelebmac moiwvies mokavSireebi da aTenis sxva momCivanebi saxalxo krebaze da yvela msurvels misces gamos 34 Tukidide.indd 34 01.04.2013 14:47:11 vlis neba. ismoda braldebebi. gansakuTrebiT megarelebi cxa robdnen. maTi ZiriTadi saCivari is iyo, rom, xelSekrulebis miuxedavad, aTenis kavSiris navsadgurebSi da atikis bazarze maT ar uSvebdnen. bolos korinTelebi gamovidnen: `lakedemonelebo, ndoba, romelic sufevs Tqvens sazoga doebriv da kerZo cxovrebaSi, gaiZulebT frTxilad moekidoT xalxs, vinc sxvas uCivis. swored amis gamo, Tqveni keTilgo nierebis miux edavad, sagareo saqmeebSi yovelTvis jerovan gamWriaxobas ver iCenT. xSirad gafrTxilebdnen, aTenelebs Cven mimarT avi zraxvebi aqvTo, magram yurad ar iReT, piriqiT, eWvi gqondaT, rom Cven amaze piradi angariSebis gamo vsaub robdiT. es Sekrebac garkveul movlenaTa pasuxad moviwvieT da ara droulad. Cven gvmarTebs gamosvla mokavSireTa winaSe, radganac gvaqvs mizezi, raTa aTenelTa Tavxedobaze da Cven dami Tqvens mudmiv uyuradRebobaze visaubroT. aTenelebi rom eladaSi TavianT bnel saqmeebs farulad sCadiodnen, amis Sesaxeb unda gagvefrTxilebineT. bevri laparaki aRar gvWir deba axla, rodesac aTenelebma elinTa nawili daimorCiles, meore nawils ki, swored Tqven mokavSireebs, ebrZvian. isini tyuilad ar daikavebdnen kerkiras da alyas ar Semoartyamdnen poteidaias. poteidaia mTel Trakiul sanapiroze batonobis saSualebas iZleva, kerkira ki mniSvnelovan sazRvao Zalas SesZenda peloponeselebs. damnaSave Tqven xarT, radgan midiuri omis Semdeg neba dar TeT aTenelebs, jer qalaqis gamagrebis, Semdeg ki grZeli kedlebis agebisa. Tqven Tavisuflebas arTmevT rogorc maT qveSevrdomebs, ise Tqvens mokavSireebsac. xalxis namdvili mCagvreli dampyrobeli ki ara, isaa, visac SeuZlia bolo mou Ros monobas, magram amas ar akeTebs, TumcaRa eladis gamaTavi sufleblis saxels eswrafvis. rogorc iqna, SevikribeT, magram risTvis, gaurkvevelia. Cven is ki ar unda gvainteresebdes, varT Tu ara Zaladobis msxverpli, aramed – rogor davicvaT 35 Tukidide.indd 35 01.04.2013 14:47:11 Tavi misgan. sanam Cven vmeryeobT, mteri gegmis Sesabamisad moqmedebs da uyoymanod gvesxmis Tavs. vicnobT aTenelebs: isini nabij-nabij aviwroeben mezoblebs. sanam fiqroben, rom Tqven ver amCnevT, frTxiloben, magram Tu ifiqres, rom Tvals xuWavT, mTeli ZaliT Seuteven. lakedemonelebo, elinTagan mxolod Tqven xarT umoqmedod, Tavs icavT sidinjiT da ara ZaliT. mxolod Tqven cdilobT, mteri CanasaxSive ki ar mospoT, aramed gaZlierebis Semdeg. Tqveni mdgomareob a saimedo Canda, magram realoba sxva aRmoCnda. midieli qveynis kididan ufro male movida peloponesamde, vidre Tqven saWiro Zalas Sek rebdiT. axla ki aTenelebs ar aqcevT yuradReb as, Tumca, arc ise Sors cxovroben. imis magivrad, rom Tavs daesxaT, mxolod igeriebT maT da SemTxvevis imedad xarT. barbarosis damar cxebis mizezi, pirvel rigSi, TviTon iyo. aseve, Tu xandaxan aTenelebis winaaRmdeg vimarjvebT, es xdeba maTi Secdomis da ara Tqveni Tanadgomis wyalobiT. Tqvens imedad yofna yvelas es ukve Zvirad daujda. ar gegonoT, mtroba gvalaparakebdes. Cveni sayveduri samarTliania. megobars Secdomebs sayvedu roben, mters ki brals sdeben danaSaulSi. Tavs uflebas vaZlevT, migiTiToT Secdomebze. albaT, arasdros dafiqrebulxarT, rogorebi arian aTenelebi da ramdenad gansxvavdebian isini Tqvengan. isini siaxlis moy varulni arian, sxarti gonebis patronebi TavianT gegmebs swrafad asxamen xorcs. Tqven ki Zvels epotinebiT da ar scnobT cvlilebebs, aucilebelsac ki. isini gambedavebi da riskianebi arian da imeds arasodes kargaven. Tqven ki Camor CebiT Tqvensave SesaZleblobebs, gonebas yurs ar ugdebT da gamosavals ver poul obT. isini swrafebi arian, Tqven – zante bi, isini mogzauroben, Tqven saxlSi sxedxarT, isini raRacis SeZenis imediT cxovroben, Tqven geSiniaT, isic ar dakargoT, rac gaqvT. isini gamarjvebulni winsvlas agrZeleben, damar cxebulni ki imeds ar kargaven; sicocxlesa da Zalebs ar iSu 36 Tukidide.indd 36 01.04.2013 14:47:12 reben sakuTari qveynisaTvis; yovel warumatebel Canafiqrs danakargad aRiqvamen, xolo erTi gamarjveba sxva, ufro didi gamarjvebis sawindaria; marcxis SemTxvevaSi gegmas cvlian da danakargs maleve inazRau reben; mxolod maTTvis niSnavs raRacis miRwevis survili mis flobas, radganac maT survils misi asruleba mosdevs. amitom maTi cxovreba savsea SromiTa da xifaTiT, isini ver tkbebian sakuTari qonebiT da sul mets eswrafvian. valdebulebaze meti siamovneba maT ar aqvT da umoqmedoba iseve TrgunavT, rogorc yvelaze momqancveli Sroma. mokled, aTenelebi imisTvis arian gaCenilni, rom arc TviTon moisvenon da arc sxva moasvenon. ai, aseTi xalxis winaSe xarT Tqven umoqmedod. Tqven eri debiT mSvidobis SenarCunebisaTvis samxedro samzadissa da Zalis demonstrirebas. Tqven samarTlianad miiCnevT, arc sxvas daesxaT Tavs da arc Tavdacvisas awyeninoT vinmes. es politika moZvelebulia da ar mogitanT warmatebas, Tun dac sxvebic ase fiqrobdnen. xelovnebaSic da politikaSic axalma unda Secvalos Zveli. rodesac yvelaferi kargadaa, arsebuli wesebis Secvla ar aris saWiro. axal viTarebaSi ki cvlilebebs uamravi ram moiTxovs. daiviwyeT Tqveni sizante da mieSveleT poteidaiasa da sxvebs, SeiWeriT atikaSi, raTa daicvaT Tqveni mokavSireeb i da ar gvaiZuloT sxva mfarvel is povna. amiT arc ficis mfarvel RmerTebs vawyeninebT, arc gonier adamian ebs. radgan fics is ki ar arRvevs, vinc erTi mokavSirisgan mitovebuli sxvas eZebs, aramed is, vinc mokav Sires ar exmareba. maS, dagvexmareT da TqvenTan davrCebiT, Tqvenze axlobeli aravin gvyavs. miiReT swori gadawyveti leba da mokavSireTa dakargviT nu daamcrobT winaprebisagan memkvidreobiT miRebul Zalas.~ lakedemonSi SemTxveviT aTenelTa elCebic imyofebodnen. bralmdeblebs rom mousmines, gadawyvites lakedemonelTa winaSe gamosvla: 37 Tukidide.indd 37 04.04.2013 11:02:04 `Cveni elCoba aq Tqven mokavSireebTan sakamaTod ar mosu la, aramed – konkretuli davalebiT. aq sasamarTlo ar aris, amitomac Tavs ar vimarTlebT, Tumca ar gvinda, rom brmad endoT maT sityvebs da ugunuri gadawyvetileba miiRoT. vacxad ebT, rom, rac gvekuTvnis, patiosani gziT movipoveT da Cveni qveyana pativiscemas imsaxurebs. ar Rirs im ambebis gaxseneba, rac mxolod gadmocemiT viciT, magram aucileblad unda iTqvas midiur omebze, romlebic erTad gaviareT, Tumca xSiri gameoreba mosabezrebeli xdeba. maSin Cven saerTo saq misaTvis vRvridiT sisxls da Cveni gmiroba Tqvenc wagadgaT. amas imitom gaxsenebT, rom icodeT, visTan mogiwevT brZola. maraTonTan Cven pirvelebma erTi erTze vZlieT barbaross. rodesac is kvlav moadga eladas da xmeleTze ver gavumklav diT, ojaxebianad xomaldebze davsxediT da sxva elinebTan erTad sazRvao brZola gavumarTeT salaminTan. mxolod am brZolam gadaarCina peloponesi. amis saukeTeso sabuTi TviT mefem mogvca: zRvaze marcxis Semdeg is laSqris didi nawi liT ukan gabrunda. eladis bedi flotma gadawyvita. gamarjvebis sami mTavari mizezi ki Cven gvekuTvnoda: xomaldebis didi nawili, uWkvia nesi sardali da uSreti energia. Cvens sardals, Temistokless unda vumadlodeT, rom brZola salaminTan moxda. amis gamo Tqvenc mas ucxoelisaTvis arnaxul pativs miagebdiT. Cven didi TavganwirviT vibrZodiT. xmeleTze aravin dagvxmare bia. Cven mivatoveT qalaqi, qoneba da xomaldebze davsxediT, gafantulebi Cvens mokavSireebs mainc verafers vargebdiT. Sesabamisad, Cven TqvenTvis naklebi ar gagvikeTebia, vidre Tqven – CvenTvis. Tqven dagvexmareT sakuTari bediT SeSfo Tebulebs, rodesac Cveni qalaqi ukve aRar arsebobda. Cven ki, midiels rom davnebebodiT an damarcxebas SevguebodiT, Tqven sparselebs zRvaze ver gauwevdiT winaaRmdegobas da maTac saqme kargad wauvidodaT. 38 Tukidide.indd 38 01.04.2013 14:47:12 nuTu Cveni maSindeli SemarTebiTa da gonierebiT davimsa xureT mTeli eladis siZulvili im samflobelos gamo, rac dRes gvaqvs? Cven ZaliT araferi dagvipyria. Tqven ar moin domeT barbarosTa Zalebis saboloo ganadgureba eladaSi da mokavSireebma Cven gadmogvces mTavarsardloba. movlenaTa Semdgomi msvleloba sxvadasxva garemoebaTa Sedegia: Cven vzrunavdiT sakuTar usafrTxoebaze, saxelsa da xeirze. usaf rTxoeba moiTxovda Zalauflebis ganmtkicebas da ganmdgar mokavSireTa dasjas. Tqveni megobroba undoblobam da SuR lma SebRala. ganmdgari mokavSire Tqvens mxares gadmovida. rad unda gvisayveduroT, Tu sakuTar interesebs vicavdiT? Tqven peloponesis qveynebSi TqvenTvis xelsayreli mmar Tveloba daamyareT da ise ganagebT maT. maTi siZulvili rom aRgeZraT, Tqvenc iZulebuli iqnebodiT ZalisTvis migemar TaT an sakuTar usafrTxoeb aze geTqvaT uari. araferia gasak viri imaSi, rom Cven miviReT SemoTavazebuli Zalaufleba da vinarCunebT mas. es Cveni gamogoneba araa. odiTganve susti Zliers emorCileboda. Cven vimsaxurebT Cvens Zalauflebas da adre Tqvenc aseve fiqrobdiT, axla ki, sakuTar xeirze zrunviT, samarTlianoba gagaxsendaT. magram samarTlianobis saxeliT jer aravis uTqvams sakuTari Zalauflebis gazrda ze uari. mxolod qebis Rirsia is, vinc SedarebiT samarTli anad marTavs, miuxedavad imisa, rom adamiani Tavisi bunebiT eswrafvis sxvaze batonobas. sxva rom iyos Cvens adgilze, aSkarad gamoCndeboda, ramdenad zomieria Cveni mmarTveloba. Cven ki qebis nacvlad sayvedurs viRebT. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens sasamarTloebSic ki mokavSi reebs aTenelebTan Tanabari uflebebi aqvT, mainc gviCivian, gvaviwroebTo. aravis axsendeba, rom Tavis Soreul samflo beloebs sxva ufro mkacrad marTavs. vinc uxeS Zalas iyenebs, mas sasamarTlo ar sWirdeba. Cveni mokavSireebi miCveulni arian TanasworiviT mopyrobas da, Tu sasamarTlos an xeli 39 Tukidide.indd 39 01.04.2013 14:47:12 sulebis gadawyvetileba usamarTlod eCvenaT, bevrad ufro mwvaved aRiqvamen amas, vidre pirdapir Zaladobas: erTSi Tanasworisagan upativcemulobas xedaven, meoreSi ki – Zalis morCilebis aucileblobas. midielisgan mokavSireeb i uares sac itandnen, Cveni batonoba ki emZimebaT. arcaa gasakviri: qveSevrdomi mTavrobiT yovelTvis ukmayofiloa. Tqvenc, Tu Cven dagvamarcxebT da eladas daepatronebiT, swrafad dakargavT mokavSireTa keTilganwyobas. amdenad, nu aCqardebiT, nu ahyvebiT sxvis azrsa da saCi vars. sanam iaraRs aisxamT, dafiqrdiT, rogor SeiZleba wari marTos omi. gaWianurebul omSi yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes. nu davarRvevT SeTanxmebebsa da fics, sadavo sakiTxebis gadaWra ki saSuamavlo sasamarTlos mivandoT. Tumca Tu Tqven mainc gsurT omi, ra gaewyoba, Cvenc viom ebT.~ lakedemonelebma mousmines mxareebs, Semdeg sTxoves maT, kreba daet ovebinaT da TaTbirs Seudgnen. umravlesoba aTe nelebs zavis damrRvevad miiCnevda da omis dawyebas iTxovda. maSin arqidamosma, lakedemonelTa mefem Tqva: `lakedemonelebo, bevr omSi mimiRia monawileoba da Tqven Sorisac bevria Cemi Tanatoli. ar SeiZleba omi kargi gvegonos da gvsurdes. omi, romelsac axla ganvixilavT, Zalze mniS vnelovani iqneba. gana SeiZleba, saTanado momzadebis gareSe veomoT Soreul qveyanas, romelic simdidriT, xomaldebiT, meomrebiTa da iaraRiT yvelas aRemateba eladaSi. ris imedi gvaqvs: flotis? fulis? xomaldebis raodenobiT bevrad CamovrCebiT aTenelebs, flotis mSeneblobas didi dro das Wirdeba, Cveni xazina ki carielia. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom saxmeleTo ZalebSi upiratesoba SesaZleblobas mogvcems, atikis miwa avaoxroT, magram maT miwa bevri aqvT da zRviTac SeeZlebaT yvelaferi moimaragon. mokavSireebs Tu avujanyebT, mogviwevs xomaldebis miSveleba, maTi umravlesoba xom kunZulebze cxovrobs. ra omi iqneba 40 Tukidide.indd 40 01.04.2013 14:47:12 es? sanam zRvaze ar gavimarjvebT, sul damarcxebuli viqne biT. dazaveba aseT pirobebSi aRar iqneba gamarTlebuli, miT umetes, rom omis wamomwyebi Cven viqnebiT. nu gveqneba swrafi gamarjvebis imedi. vSiSob, rom es omi Cvens Svilebs ergebaT memkvidreob ad. aTenelebi Zalze amayebi arian saimisod, rom miwaze mijaWvulobam omze aaRebinos xeli. me ar gTavazobT maT mier Cveni mokavSireebisTvis miyenebul zianze Tvalis daxuWvas da maTi avi zraxvebis ugulebelyofas. me mxolod girCevT, jer elCebi gavugzavnoT, pirdapir omiT nu davemuqrebiT, Tumca nurc daTmobebze wavalT. amasobaSi ki omisaTvis movemzadoT, movimxroT rogorc elinebi, aseve barbarosebi, raTa viSovoT fuli da gemebi. Cvens mdgomareoba Si myof xalxs veravin usayvedurebs, Tu aTenelTa winaaRmdeg barbarosebi dagvexmarebian. Tu aTenelebi Cvens elCebs rames dauTmoben, Zalian kargi, Tu ara, oriod weliwadSi omisaTvis mzad viqnebiT da maSin davesxaT Tavs. rodesac isini darwmunde bian, rom samzadisi daviwyeT, maSinve daTmobebze wavlen, sanam maTi miwa da qoneba jer kidev uvnebelia. rac SeiZleba didxans davindoT igi, rom aTenelebSi ganwirulebis mxneob a ar gavaR viZoT. Tu moumzadeblad davlaSqravT atikas, peloponess mxolod sircxvilsa da vnebas movutanT. calkeuli qalaqisa Tu adamianis saCivari sxvagvaradac SeiZleba dakmayofildes, mag ram Tu kerZo interesebis gamo gaCaRda sayovelTao omi, romlis Sedegic gaurkvevelia, misi Rirseulad dasruleba Zneli iqneba. laCroba sulac ar aris, amdenma qveyanam rom ar moisurvos erT qalaqze Tavdasxma. sinamdvileSi, aTenelebs Cvenze nakle bi mokavSire ar hyavT, Tanac iseTi, vinc xarks uxdis. saerTod oms iaraRi ki ara, fuli igebs, gansakuTrebiT xmeleTisa da kunZulebis mkvidrTa Soris oms. ase rom, marto mokavSireTa sityvebze nu CaverTvebiT am omSi. nu idardebT, Tu sizantesa da yoymanSi dagvadanaSaul eben. Tu moumzadeblad daviwyebT brZolas, omi didxans gastans. 41 Tukidide.indd 41 01.04.2013 14:47:12 Cveni qveyana yovelTvis Tavisufali da pativcemuli iyo da Cveni sifrTxilec Segnebuli gonivruli politikaa. Cven ar vyoyoCobT warmatebebiT da arc gansacdelSi vkargavT mxne obas, ar vyvebiT cdunebas da ar veZebT saxifaTo Tavgadasav lebs. mkacri disciplinis wyalobiT, Cven kargi mebrZolebi da brZeni moTaTbireeb i varT. disciplina, Rirsebis grZnoba da simamace erTmaneTTan, sibrZne ki kanonis morCilebasTan aris gadajaWvuli. Cven pativs vcemT mowinaaRmdeges da mis gegmebs, omSi ki misi Secdomis imediT ki ara, Cveni Zalis imedad varT. aqamde mudam winaparTa am Cveulebebs mivdevdiT. axlac aCqarebiT da windauxedavad nu miviRebT gadawyvetilebas, romelzedac mravali qveynisa da adamianis bedi da Cveni saxelia damokidebuli. dinjad vimoqmedoT, Cveni samxedro Zala amis saSualebas gvaZlevs. gavgzavnoT elCebi aTenSi poteidaiasa da sxva sakiTxebze mosalaparakeblad. aTenele bi mzad arian, saSuamavlo sasamarTlos daemorCilon. vinc sasamarTloze Tanaxmaa, xelSekrulebis darRvevis bral debiT oms ver dauwyeb. amasobaSi ki omisaTvis movemzadoT. es gadawyvetileba yvelaze sasargeblo iqneba CvenTvis da yvelaze saxifaTo mtrisTvis.~ Semdeg efori sfenelaidesi gamovida: `aTenelTa grZeli gamosvla me ver gavige. Tavi iqes da verafriT gaamarTles is boroteba, rac maTgan Cvenma mokav Sireebma naxes. Tu midielebTan brZolaSi TavianTi siqvele aCvenes, axla ki mtrebiviT gveqcevian, kidev ufro metad imsa xureben sasjels, radganac Rirseuli xalxi borotad iqca. Cven ki verc maSin da verc axla mokavSireebs ver mivatovebT. maT Tu aqvT bevri fuli, gemi da cxeni, Cven gvyavs Rirseuli mokavSireebi, visac aTenelebs ver davuTmobT. sasamarTlo da TaTbiri verafers gadawyvets, rodesac mteri iaraRiT gvemuqreba. safiqrali Cven aRaraferi gvaqvs, maT efiqraT, sanam zavs daarRvevdnen. omi daviwyoT da nu mivcemT maT 42 Tukidide.indd 42 01.04.2013 14:47:12 gaZlierebis saSualebas, RmerTebis daxmarebiT davlaSqroT momxvduri.~ amis Semdeg eforma xmis micema moiTxova. Semdeg ki Tqva, rom ver gaarCia, vin yviroda ufro xmamaRla (spartelebi sakiTxs wyveten yviriliT da ara kenWisyriT). man SesTavaza krebas, erT mxareze damdgariyvnen isini, vinc miiCnevda, rom zavi aTenis mizeziT dairRva. mas imedi hqonda, rom umravle soba oms dauWerda mxars. umravlesobam CaTvala, rom aTenma xelSekruleba daarRvia. gadawyda mokavSireTa yrilobis mowveva, raTa omi saerTo SeTanxmebis safuZvelze daewyoT. es dadgenileba spartis saxalxo krebam miiRo evbeur i omis Semdeg dadebuli ocdaaTwliani samSvidobo xelSekrulebis meToTxmete wels. omis dawyeba lakedemonelebma mokavSireTa saameblad ki ar gadawyvites, aramed aTenis mzardi Zlierebis SiSiT. aTenelebma ki am Zlierebas ase miaRwies. elinTa mier zRva sa da xmeleTze damarcxebuli midielebis evropidan was vlis Semdeg lakedemonelTa mefe leotiqidesi peloponesel mokavSireebTan erTad Sin dabrunda. aTenelebma mefisgan ganmdgar ionielebTan da helespontelebTan erTad sestoss Semoartyes alya. zamTari iq gaatares da qalaqi aiRes, Semdeg ki samSoblos miaSures. aTenis xelisuflebam barbarosebis gandevnisTanave daabruna qalebi da bavSvebi da qalaqisa da misi galavnis aRdgena daiwyo. aTenelTa survili rom Seity ves, lakedemonelebma maT elCebi gaugzavnes, raTa kedlebis agebaSi xeli SeeSalaT. maT erCivnaT aTeni da sxva qalaqebi gaumagrebeli yofiliyo. mokavSireebsac afiqrebda aTe nelTa axlad S eqmnili floti da simamace, romelic midiur omSi aCvenes. amitom iTxovdnen lakedemonelebi aTenelTa gan galavnis agebaze xelis aRebas da gadarCenili kedlebis dangrevaSi daxmarebac ki SesTavazes maT. isini ar amxeldnen sakuTar Canafiqrs da am gegmas imiT asabuTebdnen, rom Tu 43 Tukidide.indd 43 01.04.2013 14:47:12 barbarosi kvlav daesxmeba Tavs eladas, mas gamagrebuli punqti aRar Cauvardeba xelSi, elinebi ki Tavs peloponess Seafarebeno. Temistoklesis rCeviT, aTenelebma upasuxes, rom am sakiTxze mosalaparekeblad Tavad gaagzavnian elCebs lakedemonSi, maTi wargzavnilebi ki ukan gaistumres. Temis toklesi TviTon wavida elCad, aTenelebs ki daubara, sxva elCebi manamde SeeyovnebinaT, sanam galavans TavdacvisaT vis sakmaris simaRleze ar aiyvandnen. lakedemonSi Casuli Temistoklesi yvelanairad aWianurebda xelisuflebasTan Sexvedras da danarCeni elCebis Seyovnebas imizezebda. rodesac kedlebi mzad iyo, Temistoklesma gamoucxada lakedemonelebs, aTeni Tavis mkvidrTa dasacavad mzadaao. Tu lakedemonelebi kidev gaagzavnian elCebs, maT adgilze daxvdeba xalxi, vinc sxvaze aranakleb icis, ra gamoadgeba maT da mTel eladas. adre xom aTenelebma TviTon gadawyvi tes qalaqis mitoveba da xomaldebze dasxdoma, xolo lake demonelebTan TaTbirisas aCvenes, rom sxvaze sulelebi ar arian. axlac maT gansajes, rom qalaqis gamagreba mokavSire ebisTvisac kargi iqneba. Tavdacvis erTiani sistemis gareSe mokavSireebi xom ver iqnebian Tanasworni gadawyvetilebis miRebisas. amdenad, an yvela mokavSires unda avukrZaloT TavianTi qalaqebis gamagreba, an aTenis moqmedeba sworad miviCnioT. lakedemonelebs ukmayofileba AaSkarad ar gamouxatavT, Tumca guli ki dawydaT, rom sawadels ver miaRwies. aTenelebma male aRadgines kedlebi. siCqaris kvali maT dResac etyoba. qveda nawili sxvadasxva da xSirad gauTleli qviTaa amoyvanili. debdnen imas, rac xelT hqondaT, safla vis qvebsac da sxva ramisTvis momaragebul masalasac. Tem istoklesis rCeviT, ganaaxles pireosis gamagrebac. swored es adgili misi sami bunebrivi navsayudeliT unda gamxdariyo maTi Zlierebis zrdis sawindari. Temistoklesma pirvelma 44 Tukidide.indd 44 01.04.2013 14:47:12 gamoTqva azri, aTenis momavali zRvaSiao, riTac safuZveli Cauyara pireosis mSenebloba-gamagrebas. kedlebi iseTi siga nisa aages, rom qviT datvirTuli ori uremi erTmaneTs gverds auvlida. gasamagreblad arc RorRi uxmariaT da arc Tixa, gaTlili sworkuTxa lodebi mWidrod daasves erTmaneTs, garedan rkinisa da tyviis samagrebiT Sekres. mSeneblobis damTavrebis Semdeg kedeli ufro dabali aRmoCnda, vidre Temistoklesi gegmavda. mas iseTi kedlis ageba surda, rom mters verc ki gaebeda Tavdasxma, xolo Tu mainc miitanda ieriSs, kedeli xeibrebs unda daecvaT, sxva moqalaqeebi ki xomaldebze unda asuliyvnen. Temistoklesi gansakuTrebiT zrunavda flotze, radgan miaCnda, rom sparselebis morigi Semoteva zRviT iyo mosalodneli. amitom pireoss akropo lisze met mniSvnelobas aniWebda. lakedemoneli pavsaniasi, kleombrotosis Ze, pelopone selTa oci xomaldiT gaigzavna elinTa sardlad. laSqro baSi monawileobda aTenelTa ocdaaTi xomaldi da mravali mokavSire. jer kviprosisken gaemarTnen da kunZulis didi nawili daimorCiles, Semdeg ki bizantionze gailaSqres da qalaqi aiRes. pavsaniasis mbrZanebloba ukve didi xania aRizianebdaT elinebs, gansakuTrebiT sparseTis uRels axlad TavdaRweul ioniel ebs. maT aTenelebs SesTavazes mTavarsardloba. aTe nelebs es azri WkuaSi daujdaT. amasobaSi lakedemonelebma gaiwvies pavsaniasi, raTa masTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebi da Worebi gamoeZiaT. man SeZlo saxelmwifo danaSaulSi, kerZod, sparselebTan kavSirSi braldebisgan Tavis marTleba, magram calkeul pirTa winaSe brali daumtkicda. amitom mTavar sardlad aRar daniSnes da mis nacvlad dorkisi gagzavnes. mokavSireebma aRar cnes misi pirveloba da lakedemonelebs ukan dabruneba mouxdaT. amis Semdeg maT aRarc sardali gaug zavniaT da aRarc midiur omSi miuRiaT monawileoba, radgan 45 Tukidide.indd 45 01.04.2013 14:47:12 miaCndaT, rom aTenelebic kargad wauZRvebodnen mokavSireebs. rogorc ki Caudgnen saTaveSi mokavSireebs, aTenelebma daadgines, barbarosTan saomrad romel qveyanas fuli exada da romels xomaldebi aReWurva. maT maSin pirvelad daaw eses elinotamiebis (sakavSiro xazinis xazinadarTa) Tanamdeboba, romlebsac forosi, fuladi Senatani unda aekrifaT. forosad oTxas samoci talanti dawesda. xazina delosze iyo ganTav sebuli, iqve ikribeboda mokavSireTa yriloba. miltiadesis Zis kimonos sardlobiT aTenelebma aiRes eio ni strimonze da dolopebiT dasaxlebuli kunZuli skirosi. mosaxleoba monebad gayides, kunZuli ki sakuTari kolonis tebiT daasaxles. evbeaze maT daamarcxes karistelebi, xolo ajanyebuli naqsoselebi alyaSi moaqcies da daimorCiles. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac samokavSireo xelSerulebis miuxedavad, mokavSire qveyanas damoukidebloba waarTves. Semdeg maTi bedi sxva qveynebmac gaiziares. mokavSireTa ajanyebis mizezi ZiriTadad maTi valdebule bebi iyo. aTenelebi mkacrad moiTxovdnen maT Sesrulebas da Zalis gamoyenebasac ar eridebodnen. aTenelTa batonoba awu xebda maT, vinc ar iyo Seviwroebas miCveuli da visac ar surda amis atana. isini aRar uyvardaT Zveleburad. erTobliv laS qrobebSi aTenelebi mokavSireebs rogorc Tanasworebs, aRar eqceodnen da ganmdgarsac iolad imorCilebdnen. Tumca, amaSi mokavSireeb i Tavad iyvnen damnaSave. omSi wasvlis SiSiT maT xarki daid es da xomaldebis aRWurvas fulis gadaxdas amjo binebdnen. aTenelebma maTi fuliT gazardes sakuTari floti, amboxebuli mokavSire ki oms sruliad moumzadebeli xvdeboda. Semdeg mdinare evrimedontTan pamfiliaS i aTenelebsa da mokavSireebs mouwiaT midielebTan brZola zRvasa da xme leTze. kimonis sardlobiT aTenelebma ormagi gamarjveba moipoves. maT xelT igdes da gaanadgures finikiuri eskadris orasamde trier i. cota xnis Semdeg aTenelebs Tasosi ganud 46 Tukidide.indd 46 01.04.2013 14:47:12 ga. maT uTanxmoeba TrakiaSi savaWro punqtebisa da oqros sabadoebis gamo mouvidaT. aTenelebma Tasosis winaaRmdeg eskadra gagzavnes, sazRvao brZolaSi gaimarjves da kunZulze gadasxdnen. imavdroulad TrakiaSi, strimonSi maT aTi aTa si kolonisti gagzavnes aTenidan da mokavSire qveynebidan. kolonistebma daikaves dasaxleba, romelsac dRes amfipolisi hqvia, magram qveynis siRrmeSi ver Searwies, radgan Trakiel Ta gaerTianebul ZalebTan damarcxdnen. ramdenime marcxis Semdeg aTenelebis mier alyaSemor tymulma Tasoselebma Svela lakedemons sTxoves. lakede monelebma maT aTenelTagan faruli daxmareba aRuTqves da atikaSi SesaWrelad moemzadnen, magram es laSqroba sparta Si momxdarma miwisZvram CaSala. am dros Turiasa da efeaSi ajanydnen spartelTa mier odesRac dapyrobil meseniel Ta memkvidre ilotebi da periekebi, maT iTome daikaves. ase daiwyo omi lakedemonelTa da mesenielTa Soris. Tasoselebi ki alyis mesame wels danebdnen aTens. maT mouwiaT galavnis moSla, xomaldebis gadacema da fuladi kontribuciis gadax da, agreTve daek israT xarki, CamoerTvaT sabadoebi da yvela samflobelo materikze. radgan omi iTomeze gaWianurda, lakedemonelebma mokav Sireebs uxmes, maT Soris, aTenelebsac. aTenelebma didi razmi gagzavnes kimonis sardlobiT. magram am cixesimagres maT veraferi moux erxes. pirvelad aq gamJRavnda uTanxmoeba lakedemonelTa da aTenelTa Soris. radgan qalaqi ver aiRes, lakedemonelebs SeeSindaT, aTenelebs ajanyebulebTan ar epovaT saerTo ena da isini daiTxoves. eWvi aSkarad ar gamo uTqvamT, mxolod is ganucxades, rom maTi daxmareba saWiro aRar iyo. aTenelebi aRaSfoTa am undoblobam. Sin dabrunebis Semdeg maT daarRvies kavSiri, romelic midielTan sabrZol velad hqondaT dadebuli da lakedemonelTa mtrebs, argose lebs daukavSirdnen (SemdgomSi maT Tesalielebic miemxrnen). 47 Tukidide.indd 47 01.04.2013 14:47:12 mesenielebma iTomes dacva veRar SeZles da alyis mea Te wels lakedemonelebTan SeTanxmeba dades. maT miiRes peloponesis datovebis ufleba im pirobiT, rom aRarasdros dabrundebodnen. aTenelebma ltolvili meseniel ebi lokre bisaTvis warTmeul navpaqtosSi daasaxles. korinTelebTan sasazRvro konfliqtis Semdeg lakedemonelebs ganudgnen da aTenis kavSirs Seue rTdnen megarelebic. aTenelebma dai kaves megara, auSenes mas grZeli kedlebi qalaqidan niseamde da iq garnizoni Caay enes. aqedan modis SuRli korinTelebsa da aTenelebs Soris. maSin libieli inarosi, fsametiqosis Ze aujanyda artaqser qses. ajanyebam egviptis didi nawili moicva. inarma daxmarebi saTvis aTenelebs mimarTa. aTenelebi am dros orasi xomaldiT mokavSireebTan erTad kviprosis winaaRmdeg laSqrobdnen. maT datoves kviprosi da egviptes miaSures, dauyvnen niloss, daik aves memfisis ori mesamedi da Tavs daesxnen mesames, e.w. TeTr kedels, sadac sparselebi da mefis erTguli egvipte lebi iyvnen gamagrebuli. galielTa olqSi aTenelebs brZola mouxdaT korinTeleb Tan da epidavrelebTan. gaimarjves korinTelebma. Semdeg aTe nelebi kerkifaliasTan peloponeselTa eskadras Sexvdnen da sZlies. am omSi orive mxridan mokavSireeb ic monawileobdnen. aTenelebma gaimarjves da mtris samocdaaTi xomaldi Caigdes xelT. leokratesis sardlobiT maT qalaqs alya Semoartyes. peloponeselebma eginelTa dasaxmareblad samasi hopli ti gagzavnes. korinTelebi megaris mxareSic SeiWrnen. maT imedi hqondaT, rom aTeni megaras ver daexmareboda, radgan misi jaris didi nawili egviptesa da eginaSi iyo. aTeneleb ma mainc Sekribes axali razmi da mironidesis sardlobiT megaraSi gagzavnes. brZolaSi arc erT mxares ar ucvnia Tavi damarcxebulad. aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes, Sin dabrunebul korinTelebs ki moxucebi sayveduriTa da 48 Tukidide.indd 48 01.04.2013 14:47:12 dacinviT daxvdnen. amitom Tormeti dRis Semdeg maT kvlav aisxes iaraRi, brZolis velze dabrundnen da gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. maSin aTenelebi moulodnelad daesxnen maT Tavs da daamarcxes. korinTelebma ukan daixies. erT razms gza aebna da CixSi aRmoCnda. aTenelebma isini moimwyvdies da qvebiT Caqoles. korinTelTaTvis es sastiki marcxi iyo, Tumca laSqris didi nawili uvneblad dabrunda Sin. daaxloebiT amave dros aTenelebma daiwyes grZeli ked lebis mSenebloba zRvamde, rogorc falerosis navsadguris, aseve pireosis mimarTulebiT. fokeel ebi SeiWrnen dorisSi, lakedemonelTa Zvel samSobloSi. lakedemonelebma nikomede sis, kleombrotosis Zis sardlobiT dorielebs aTas xuTasi hopliti da aTi aTasi mokavSire miaSveles. mas Semdeg, rac fokeelebs sZlies da dauzavdnen, lakedemonelebi beotiaSi Seyovndnen. ukan dasabrunebel gzebs zRvazec da xmeleTzec aTenelebi akontrolebdnen. garda amisa, zogi aTeneli aqe zebda maT aTenSi demokratiis damx obisa da kedlebis mSeneb lobis CaSlisken. amasobaSi aTenelebi argoselebTan da sxva mokavSireebTan erTad (sul ToTxmeti aTasi kaci) daiZrnen lakedemonelTa winaaRmdeg. xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad, maT dasaxmareblad gamocxadda TesalielTa mxedrobac, romelic brZolaSi lakedemonelebis mxareze gadavida. beotiaSi, tanagrasTan brZolaSi lakedemonelebma gai marjves (Tumca orive mxridan didi msxverpli iyo). Semdeg maT moaoxres megaris mxare da Sin dabrundnen. brZolidan samocdaori dRis Semdeg aTenelebi mironidesis sardlo biT SeiWrnen beotiaSi, daamarcxes mteri da mTeli beotia da fokisi daimorCiles. maT moarRvies tanagris kedlebi da mZevlebi aiyvanes. male eginac danebda aTenelebs. maTac mouwiaT kedlebis moSla da aTenelTaTvis xomaldebisa da xarkis micema. aTenis eskadram tolmidesis sardlobiT Semo 49 Tukidide.indd 49 01.04.2013 14:47:12 uara peloponess, dawva lakedemonelTa gemTsaSeni, daikava korinTelTa qalaqi qalkida da daamarcxa sikionelebi. egvipteSi omi gardamavali warmatebiT midioda. Tavidan aTenelebma mTeli egvipte daimorCiles. Semdeg sparseTis mefem lakedemonSi gagzavna megabiZosi didi fuliT, raTa peloponeselebi atikaSi SeWriliyvnen da aTenelebi egviptes daxsnodnen. elCoba uSedego aRmoCnda, fuli tyuilad daixar ja. maSin mefem megabiZosi didi laSqriT gagzavna egvipteSi. man daamarcxa egviptelebi da maTi mokavSireebi, gandevna eli nebi memfisidan da kunZul prosopitisze gamoketa. kunZuli weliwad-naxevari iyo alyaSi. bolos megabiZosma arxi daaSro, elinTa xomaldebi mSralze datova da kunZuli xelT igdo. ase ubedurad dasrulda elinTa laSqroba eqvswliani omis Semdeg. mebrZolTagan cota Tu gadarCa. amrigad, nilosis deltis WaobebSi mdebare mefe amirteosis samflobelos garda egvipte kvlav sparselebis iyo. sparselebma libieli inarosi RalatiT Caigdes xelT da jvars acves. aTenelebma amis Sesaxeb araferi icodnen da ormocdaaTi trieri kidev gagzavnes egvipteSi, raTa iq myofT Canacvlebodnen. nilosis SesarTavTan maT Tavs daesxa sparselTa qveiT i jari da fini kiuri eskadra. aTenelTa xomaldebis didi nawili daiRupa. Tesaliidan gandevnilma ufliswulma orestesma aTene lebi daarwmuna, samSobloSi dabrunebuliyvnen. aTenelebma beotiel ebTan da fokeelebTan erTad gailaSqres, farsaloss alya Semoartyes, magram qalaqis aReba ver moaxerxes da ukan dabrundnen. cota xnis Semdeg aTenelTa eskadra periklesis, qsantiposis Zis sardlobiT sikionis sanapiros miadga. aTe nelebma sZlies sikionelebs, Semdeg ki aqeelebis damxmare razmTan erTad akarnaniaSi gadavidnen da oiniadas Semoar tyes alya. qalaqi ver aiRes da Sin xelcarieli dabrundnen. sami wlis Semdeg peloponeselebma aTenelebTan xuTwlian i zavi dades. maT Sewyvites omi eladaSi da kimonis sardlobiT 50 Tukidide.indd 50 01.04.2013 14:47:12 orasi xomaldiT kviprosisken gaeS urnen. samoci xomaldi amirteosis dasaxmareblad egvipteSi wavida, danarCenebma ki kitios is alya daiwyo. kimonis sikvdilis Semdeg maT sursaTi gauTavdaT da ukan daxeva mouw iaT. Semdeg salaminidan kvip rosisken gaswies, sadac erTdroulad zRvasa da xmeleTze finikielebs, kilikiel ebsa da kviproselebs sZlies. Semdeg lakedemonelebma daiwyes e.w. wminda omi. maT daikaves delfos samisno da delfoelebs gadasces igi. lakedemonelTa wasvlis Semdeg aTenelTa laSqarma samlocvelo fokeelebs daubruna. garkveuli drois Semdeg aTenelebma tolmidesis sardlo biT aTasi hopliti da mokavSireTa razmebi gagzavnes beot iel devnilTa winaaRmdeg, romlebmac orqomenosi, qeronea da beotiis zogi sxva qalaqi daikaves. maT aiRes qeronea, mosax leoba monebad gayides da Sin brundebodnen. maT orqomenosi dan Tavs daesxnen beotieli devnilebi da maTi mokavSireebi. aTenelebi damarcxdnen, bevri daiRupa an tyved Cavarda. aTenelebs beotiis datoveba mouxdaT, mxolod tyveebis dabruneba moaxerxes. Semdeg aTens evbea ganudga. aTenelTa jari periklesis sardlobiT ukve gadasuli iyo kunZulze, roca movida cnoba megaraSi ajanyebis Sesaxeb. megarelebma amoxoces aTenelTa garnizoni da saSvelad peloponeselebs mimarTes. lakede monelTa mefis pleistoan aqsis sardlobiT peloponeselebi atikaSi SeiWrnen da elevsinamde miaRwies, magram Semdeg ukan gabrundnen. maSin periklesma kvlav gailaSqra evbeaze da mTeli kunZuli daim orCila. maT yvela qveyanaSi sasurveli saxelmwi fo wyoba daamyares, mxolod hestilebi gandevnes da maT miwas TviTon daepatronen. evbeadan dabrunebis Semdeg aTenelebma lakedemonelebTan da maT mokavSireebTan ocdaaTwliani zavi dades, daTmes sam flobeloebic peloponesSi: nisaia, pega, troiZene da aqaia. eqvsi wlis Semdeg samossa da miletoss omi hqondaT prienes 51 Tukidide.indd 51 01.04.2013 14:47:12 gamo. rodesac miletelebs saqme cudad wauvidaT, aTenelebs sTxoves daxmareba. samoszec iyvnen politikur cvlilebaTa momxreebi. amitom aTenelebma ormoci xomaldi gagzavnes samosze, iq demokratia daamyares, mZevlebi waiyvanes, kun Zulze ki garnizoni datoves. zogi samoseli sardSi gaiqca. adgilobrivi warCinebulebisa da satrapis daxmarebiT maT moulodnelad gadmosxes Svidasi kaci samosze. jer demok ratiul mTavrobas gauswordnen da lemnosidan mZevlebi daabrunes, datyvevebuli aTenelebi ki sparselebs gadasces. imave dros ajanydnen bizantionelebic. es rom Seityves, aTenelebi samoci xomaldiT gaeSur nen samosisken. maT Teqvsmeti xomaldi kariaSi finikielTa eskadris saTvalTvalod da mokavSireTa mosazidad gamoyves, danarCeni ormocdaoTxi ki periklesis sardlobiT SeebrZola samoselTa samocdaaT gems. gaimarjves aTenelebma. maSveli Zalis (aTenidan ormoci, qiosidan da lesbosidan ocdaxuTi xomaldis) mosvlis Semdeg isini samosze gadasxdnen, saxme leTo brZolaSic sZlies mters da qalaqs alya Semoartyes. am dros periklesma miiRo cnoba finikiuri eskadris moax loebis Sesaxeb da mis winaaRmdeg samoci xomaldiT gaem arTa. samoselebi moulodnelad daesxnen Tavs aTenelTa eskad ris sadgoms, gaimarjves da droebiT aRadgines kontroli zRvaze. periklesis dabrunebis Semdeg samosis blokada ganax lda. aTenidan kidev samoci, xolo qiosidan da lesbosidan ocdaaTi xomaldi moaSveles. samoselebma kidev erTxel gaibrZoles da alyis mecxre Tveze danebdnen aTenelebs. maT kedlebis morRveva, mZevlebisa da gemebis gadacema da omis xarjebis anazRaureba mouxdaT. bizantionelebic damor Cildnen da Zveleburad aTenelTa qveSevrdomebad darCnen. ramdenime wlis Semdeg moxda zemoT xseneb uli konfliq tebi kerkiraze da poteidaiaSi. es omebi elinTa Soris da barbarosTa winaaRmdeg daaxloebiT ormocdaaTi wlis man 52 Tukidide.indd 52 01.04.2013 14:47:12 Zilze warmoebda, qserqses eladidan wasvlasa da axlandel oms Soris. am periodSi aTenelebma udides Zlierebas miaR wies. lakedemonelebi xedavdnen aTenis Zalauflebis zrdas, magram ar uSlidnen xels da simSvides inarCunebdnen. isini aucilebeli saWiroebis gareSe ar iwyebdnen oms, ufro Sina omiT iyvnen dakavebuli. rodesac aTenma aSkara upiratesobas miaRwia da lakedemonelTa mokavSireebze Tavdasxma gabeda, amis moTmena maT aRar SeeZloT da gadawyvites, mteri See musraT. maTi azriT, zavi aTenelebma daarRvies, magram mainc gagzavnes elCoba delfoSi da RmerTs hkiTxes, daewyoT omi Tu ara. RmerTma, rogorc amboben, ase upasuxa: Tu mTeli ZaliT iomebT, gaimarjvebT, me ki TqvenTan viqnebi. lakedemonelebma Sekribes mokavSireebi, raTa kenWisyra moewyoT. umravlesoba aTenelebs uCioda da omis dawyebas iTxovda. bolos korinTelebi gamovidnen: `mokavSireebo, Cven veRar vusayvedurebT lakedemonelebs, radgan maT ukve gadawyvites omi da Cvenc amisTvis Segvkribes. beladebs xom marTebT saerTo saqmeze zrunva. vinc aTene lebs kargad vicnobT, darwmuneba ar gvWirdeba, magram vinc zRvisgan moSorebiT xmeleTze cxovrobs, man unda icodes, rom saqonlis gatana-Semotanas gairTulebs, Tu sanapiro qveynebs axla ar daic avs. amitom ar unda ifiqron, TiTqos gan saxilveli sakiTxi maT ar exeba, da omi unda airCion. gonier i xalxi, sanam maT ar Seawuxeben, mSvidobas arCevs. Rirseuli ki, Tu misi uflebebi dairRva iomebs, raTa gamarjvebulma mSvidoba aRidginos. is ar eswrafvis samxedro warmatebebs, magram arc Tavs daiCagravs mSvidobisa SesanarCuneblad. vinc oms gaurbis mSvidi cxovrebis xaTriT, pirveli dakar gavs mosvenebas, xolo vinc samxedro warmatebebiT amayobs, ugunurma simamacem SeiZleba Seacdinos. marTalia, zogjer ugunuri gegma amarTlebs, saukeTeso Canafiqrs ki marcxisken mivyavarT. yvelafers ver gaTvli. 53 Tukidide.indd 53 01.04.2013 14:47:12 axla Cven samarTlian oms viwyebT da aTenelebs rom gavus wordebiT, kvlav davdebT iaraRs. Cveni gamarjveba savsebiT mosalodnelia. Cvens mxaresaa ricxobrivi upiratesoba da sabrZolo gamocdileba. flots nawilobriv mokavSireTa, nawilobriv delfosa da olimpiis taZrebis saxsrebiT ava gebT. maRali anazRau r ebiT maT daqiravebul mezRvaurebsac gadmovibirebT. aTenelebs xom moqiravne meti hyavT jarSi, vidre moqalaqe. Cveni laSqris Zala ki xalxia da ara fuli. Cveni pirveli sazRvao gamarjvebisTanave aTenelebi dagvneb debian. Tu gagviZaliandebian, Cven TandaTanobiT daveweviT maT sazRvao saqmeSi da Cveni simamaciT vajobebT kidec. sima mace Tandayolili gvaqvs, isini amas ver iswavlian, xelobas ki varjiSiT daveuflebiT. omisaTvis saWiro saxsrebs, cxa dia, vipoviT. gana dasaSvebia, aTenelTa mokavSireebma ixadon xarki, romelic maT saboloo damonebas xmardeba, Cven ki ar gaviRoT fuli mtris dasasjelad da sakuTari sicocxlis gadasarCenad. omis sxva saSualebac gvaqvs. aTenelebs mokavSireebs avu janyebT da amiT Semosavals movaklebT, an maT miwaze simag reebs avagebT. yvelafers axla ver gaviTvaliswinebT, omi TviTon gvikarnaxebs. saqme rom Tanaswor mezobelTa Soris sasazRvro davas exebodes, kidev SeiZleboda moTmena. mag ram aTenelebi ZaliT mTel Cven kavSirs ar Camouvardebian. amitom, Tu erTsulovnad ar SevutevT, cal-calke yvelas dagvamarcxeben. es ki monobis tolfasi iqneba. amdenma qveya nam erTisgan ar unda iTminos damcireba. Tu amas davuSvebT, ifiqreben, rom samarTlianad visjebiT an laCrebi varT. eladis ganmaTavisuflebelTa Svilebs ar ekadrebaT, erT qveyanas damorCildnen. mimdinare saqmeeb is garda momavalzec unda vifiqroT. dRes Tu Cvens mamebze cota ufro mdidrebi varT da meti SegviZlia, ar ivargebs, gaWirvebiT mopovebuli axla davkargoT. Tama 54 Tukidide.indd 54 01.04.2013 14:47:12 mad daviwyoT omi, RmerTmac Tanadgoma aRgviTqva, danarCeni eladac SiSiT an gamorCenis imediT CvenTan iqneba. Tan Cven arc varRvevT xelSekrulebas (RmerTi mas ukve darRveulad miiCnevs), Cven mSvidobas vicavT. Cven omisaTvis sauk eTeso SesaZleblobebi gvaqvs da mogi wodebT, erTsulovnad uyaroT kenWi am gadawyvetilebas. davexmaroT poteidaiel ebs, isinic xom dorielebi arian, da gavaTavisufloT sxva qveynebi. nu SegeSindebaT omis, igi Cven mtkice mSvidobas mogvitans.~ mokavSireTa gamosvlebis mosmenis Semdeg lakedemoneleb ma kenWisyra moawyves. didsa da pataras Tanabari xma hqonda. umravlesobam oms dauWira mxari. magram peloponeseli mokav Sireeb i omisaTvis mzad ar iyvnen da kidev TiTqmis weliwadi dasWirdaT, sanam atikaSi SeiWrebodnen da saomar moqmedebebs gaaCaRebdnen. manamde ki lakedemonelebma isev gagzavnes elCebi aTenSi saCivrebiT, raTa uaris SemTxvevaSi omisaTvis damatebiTi saba bi hqonodaT. pirvel rigSi, lakedemonelebi iTxovdnen qalaqis gawmendas qalRmerTis taZris mimarT Cadenili codvisagan. es codva ki Semdegs gulisxmobda. Zvelad aTenSi cxovrobda vinme kiloni, olimpioniki, gavleniani kaci da warCinebuli gvaris Svili. man momxreebTan erTad akropolisi daikava, raTa tira ni gamxdariyo. xalxma alya Semoartya akropoliss. kiloni da misi Zma gaiqcnen, maTma momxreebma ki taZars Seafares Tavi. guSagebma maT uvneblad gaSveba aRuTqves, magram gamovidnen Tu ara, iqve daxoces. am codvis monawileeb i SeaCvenes da qvey nidan gandevnes. mogvianebiT zogi maTgani dabrunda da maTi STamomavlebi dResac qalaqSi cxovroben. lakedemonelebma swored am codvilTa gandevna moiTxoves, raTa RmerTebis guli moegoT, Tanac icodnen, rom periklesi dedis mxridan codvilT enaTesaveboda. maTi azriT, perik lesis gareSe aTenelebs ufro iolad sZlevdnen. periklesis 55 Tukidide.indd 55 01.04.2013 14:47:12 gandevnis imedi arc hqondaT, magram imedovnebdnen, rom am gziT mis mdgomareobas Searyevdnen da mis warmomavlobas omis mizezad aqcevdnen. marTlac, periklesi maSin yvelaze gavleniani piri da lakedemonelTa dauZinebeli mteri iyo. is aramcTu winaaRmdegi iyo daTmobisa, aramed omisken aqe zebda aTenelebs. Tavis mxriv, aTenelebmac mosTxoves lakedemonelebs cod visgan ganwmenda da codvilTa gandevna. Turme, erTxel lake demonelebma gamoityue s poseidonis samlocvelos Sefarebu li ilotebi da veragulad amoxoces. es mkrexeloba iTvlebo da spartis didi miwisZvris mizezad. aTenelebma moiTxoves aTenas winaSe Cadenili codvisagan ganwmendac. saqme ase iyo. pavsanias is mTavarsardlobidan pirvelad gawvevis Semdeg sasamarTlom igi gaamarTla, magram Tanamdeboba misTvis aRar daubrunebiaT. pavsaniasma TviTon aRWurva hermionelTa trieri da helespontSi dabrunda viTom elinuri saqmisTvis sabrZolvelad, sinamdvileSi ki sparseTis mefesTan mola parakebebis gagrZeleba surda. sparselebTan daaxloebis pirveli nabiji man maSin gadadga, rodesac mefes bizantionis aRebisas tyved Cavardnili naTesavebi daubruna. man saqme ise moawyo, TiTqos tyveebi gaiqcnen, xolo mefes, rogorc Semdeg gairkva, aseTi werili gaugzavna: “spartelTa winamZRoli pav saniasi keTilganwyobis niSnad gibrunebs tyveebs. me mzad var, SevirTo Seni qaliSvili da dagimorCilo sparta mTel danar Cen eladasTan erTad. vfiqrob, SenTan erTad amas movaxerxeb. Tu Cemma winadadebam dagainteresa, sando kaci gamomigzavne mosalaparakeblad.~ qserqsem molaparakeba daskiliis satrapad daniSnul arta baZoss miando, pavsaniass ki aRuTqva, rom saerTo miznisaTvis oqro-vercxls ar daiSurebda. pavsanias i, rogorc plateasTan brZolis mTavarsardali, elinTa didi pativiscemiT sargeblobda. mefesTan daaxloebis 56 Tukidide.indd 56 01.04.2013 14:47:12 Semdeg ki sul gadidgulda. fufunebiT cxovrobda da aRarc Tavis miswrafebebs malavda. masTan urTierToba garTulda. swored amitom gadavidnen mokavSireebi aTenelTa mxares. lakedemonelebma, pavsaniasis saqcielis Sesaxeb rom Seity ves, maSin is pirvelad gaiwvies. sakuTari nebiT dabrunebuli aTenelebma aRar SeuSves bizantionSi. pavsaniasi spartaSi aRar wasula da barbarosebTan urTierToba ganaaxla. maSin lakedemonelebma igi meored gaiwvies. zedmeti eWvi rom ar aReZra, pavsaniasi damorCilda da spartaSi dabrunda im ime diT, rom saqmes mosyidviT moagvarebda. eforebma is jer daakaves (maT mefis dakavebis uflebac ki hqondaT), Semdeg ki gaaTavisufles sasamarTloze gamocxadebis pirobiT. pavsaniasis danaSaul is sabuTi ar arsebobda, amis gareSe ki mefuri warmomavlobis kacs ver dasjidnen. magram misi cxov rebis wesi aCvenebda, rom is spartelTa kanonebs ar emorCi leboda. amitom daiwyes mis gadacdomaTa gamoZieba. gauxsenes isic, rom midiuri nadavlidan delfosaTvis elinebis mier Sewirul samfexze man TviTneburad daawera sakuTari saxe li. es warwera lakedemonelebma waaSlevines da zed yvela im qveynis saxeli amoWres, vinc barbarosze gamarjvebis niSnad es ZRveni gaiRo. iZiebdnen mis molaparakebebs helotebTan. pavsaniasi Tavisuflebasa da moqalaqeobas sTavazobda maT, Tu mis mxardasaWerad ajanydebodnen. eforebi mainc ar endnen bolomde viRac helotebis sityvas da ar gamosulan pavsania sis winaaRmdeg (isini saerTod eridebodnen spartelis mimarT Seuqcevadi zomebis miRebas utyuari sabuTebis gareSe), sanam igi misma Sikrikma ar gasca. es ukanaskneli daaeWva iman, rom sparselebTan gagzavnili arc erTi Sikriki ukan aRar mobru nebula, werili gaxsna da aRmoaCina minaweri, romlis Tanax madac igi unda moeklaT. mxolod amis Semdeg irwmunes eforebma pavsaniasis brali, magram aRiarebis uSualod misgan mosmena undodaT. amitom 57 Tukidide.indd 57 01.04.2013 14:47:12 moawyves damsmenTan misi pirispir Sexvedra, TviTon ki faru lad usmendnen. am saubris Semdeg eforebma gadawyvites pavsaniasis daka veba. pavsaniasi mixvda, rasac upirebdnen da Tavi aTenas sam locvelos Seafara. eforebma Senobas saxuravi axades da kari amoqoles, gareT ki guSagebi dauyenes da daelodnen, rodis aiZulebda SimSili, rom danebebuliyo. momakvdavi gareT gamoiyvanes da man iqve ganuteva suli. delfos Rmer Tma lakedemonelebs ubrZana misi dakrZalva gardacvalebis adgilas da codvis gamosasyidad qalRmerTisTvis brinjaos ori qandakebis Sewirva. pavsaniasis sikvdilis Semdeg lakedemonelebma imave bral debiT Temistoklesis dasjac moiTxov es. aTenelebi daeTan xmnen da xalxi gagzavnes ostrakizmiT gandevnili Temis toklesis dasakaveblad. Temistoklesma jer kerkiraze scada Tavis Sefareba, Semdeg molosTa mefe admetosTan, bolos iZulebuli gaxda sparseTSi gadaxvewiliyo. aziaSi man Tavisi samsaxuri SesTavaza taxtze axlad asul artaqserqses. mefem, rogorc amboben, es winadadeba sixaruliT miiR o da Temistokless Tavisuflad moqmedebis neba misca. Temis toklesma Seiswavla sparsuli ena, wes-Cveul ebebi da erTi wlis Semdeg mefes eaxla. man mefis karze iseTi maRali mdgomareoba moipova, rac arc erT sxva elins ar Rirsebia, nawilobriv misi saxelis gamo, nawilobriv imitom, rom mefes eladis damor Cilebis imedi misca, Tumca, pirvel rigSi, araCveul ebrivi Wkuis wyalobiT. marTlac, is bunebiT uaRresad niWier i kaci iyo da misi sxarti goneba nebismieri viTarebidan saukeTeso gamosavals poulobda. igi avadmyofobiT gardaicvala, Tumca amboben, Tavi moikla, radgan mefes danapirebi ver Seusrulao. misi saflavis qva magnesiaSia, romelic mefem mas samarTavad gadasca, neSti ki naTesavebma farulad miab ares atikis miwas. 58 Tukidide.indd 58 01.04.2013 14:47:12 ase aResrula Tavisi drois ori gamoCenili elini – lakede moneli pavsaniasi da aTeneli Temistoklesi. amgvarad, lakedemonelebma moiTxov es codvilTa gandev na da aTenelTaganac igive moTxovna miiR es. lakedemonelTa elCoba aseve iTxovda poteidaias alyis moxsnas, eginis Tavi suflebas da megarisaTvis savaWro SezRudvebis gauqmebas. aTenelebma es winadadebebi ar miiRes. lakedemonelTa bolo elCobam Zveli moTxovnebi aRar gaixsena da erTs dasjerda: `omi ar iqneba, Tu Tqven elinTa damoukideblobas scnobT.~ maSin aTenelebma saboloo gadawyvetilebis misaRebad saxal xo kreba moiwvies. oratorTa azrebi gaiyo. maSin gamoCenilma oratorma da saxelmwifo moRvawem, pirvelma kacma aTenSi, periklesma SekrebilT ase mimarTa: `aTenelebo, Cemi azriT, ar Rirs peloponeselTaTvis daT moba, Tumca vici, rom omis dawyebis gadawyvetilebis miReba ufro iolia, vidre omis warmoeba, da ganwyoba Seicvleba imis mixedviT, bedi vis gauRimebs. axlac igive, an TiTqmis igive unda girCioT, rac adre. samarTliani iqneba, Tu vinc daeTanxmeba saerTo gadawyvetilebas, mxars dauWers mas warumateblobis SemTxvevaSic ki, xolo gamarjvebas sakuTar gamWriaxobas ar miawers. movlenaTa ganviTarebis ganWvreta xom iseve SeuZlebelia, rogorc azrebis kiTxva. amitom gauT valiswinebel ubedurebas xSirad SemTxveviTobas mivawerT. lakedemonelebi ukve didi xania gvmtroben. marTalia, isini daTanxmdnen saqmeebis saSuamavlo sasamarTloSi ganxilvas da orive mxaris mier sakuTar samflobeloTa farglebis Senar Cunebas, magram maT sasamarTlosTvis arasodes miumarTavT da sadavo sakiTxebis ZaliT gadawyvetas amjobinebdnen. axla saCivriT ki ara, brZanebiT modian. isini gvibrZaneben, movxsnaT alya poteidaias, mivceT damoukidebloba eginas da gavauqmoT megaris dadgenileba. bolos elinTa damoukideblobis aRi arebac mogvTxoves. ar egonoT, rom omi umniSvnelo mizeziT 59 Tukidide.indd 59 01.04.2013 14:47:12 daiwyeba, Tu megaris dadgenilebas ar SevcvliT. swored es mohyavT sabuTad da gvimtkiceben, gaauqmeT dadgenileba da omi ar iqnebao. nu gadardebT mciredis gamo omi. es mciredi karg saSualebas iZleva Tqveni Zalisa da gambedaobis gamosac delad. Tu axla dauTmobT, xval mets mogTxoven imis imediT, rom SiSiT isev dauTmobT. xolo Tu Tamamad uaryofT maT moTxovnebs, amiT aCvenebT, rom TanasworiviT unda mogeqcnen. amitom dafiqrdiT, dauTmobT lakedemonelebs rames, sanam omi ar SegxebiaT, Tu vibrZoloT Cveni Rirsebis dasacavad. nebismieri moTxovna, romelsac Tanaswori Tanaswors uyenebs sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gareSe, damonebis sawindaria. rac Seex eba ZalTa Sefardebas, icodeT, rom ar CamovrCebiT peloponeselebs. ufro dawvrilebiT mogaxsenebT: pelopo neselebi miwaTmoqmedebi arian da Tavisi Sromis nayofiT cxovroben. arc kerZo pirebs, arc xazinas fuli ar aqvs. xan grZliv omebs Soreul qveynebTan eridebian da usaxsrobis gamo mxolod erTmaneTs ebrZvian. aseTi xalxi ver aRWurvavs xomaldebs, iSviaTad awyobs saxmeleTo laSqrobasac, radgan amisaTvis marCenal miwas unda moswydes. Tanac zRva maT Cven wavarTviT. savse xazina ufro waadgeba oms, vidre iZulebiTi gadasaxadebi. miwaTmoqmedi omSi umal sakuTar sicocxles Caagdebs safrTxeSi, vidre qonebas. sicocxle SeiZleba Sei narCunos kidec, fuli ki gamoileva, gansakuTrebiT, Tu omi gaWianurda. erT brZolaSi peloponeselebi win daudgebian yvela elins. magram gansxvavebuli SeiaraRebis mqone mterTan omi maT ar SeuZliaT, radgan ar aqvT mudmivi erTiani xeli sufleba. maT ar SeuZliaT swrafad da Tamamad moqmedeba. maTi kavSiri TanasworTa da gansxvavebulTa kavSiria. TiToeuli qveyana sakuTar interess icavs da erTad araferi gamosdiT. Tu erTs surs, mters rac SeiZleba metad avnos, danarCenebi imaze fiqroben, rom omSi araferi daexarjoT. xanmokle Sek rebebze iSviaTad ganixilaven saerTo saqmeebs, ZiriTadad 60 Tukidide.indd 60 01.04.2013 14:47:12 calkeuli qalaqis satkivarze saubroben. TiToeuls miaCnia, rom misi uniaToba ar avnebs saerTo saqmes da masze sxva izru nebs. amitom TiToeuli kerZo saqmiTaa dakavebuli, saerTo interesebi ki zaraldeba. magram maTi ZiriTadi gasaWiri fulis nakleboba iqneba. fuls nela Souloben, omi ki maT ar ucdis. Cven arc maTi simag reeb isa da flotis unda gveSinodes. mSvidobis pirobebSic ki Znelia iseTi daculi qalaqis ageba, rogoric aTenia, miT umetes, omis dros, mas mere, rac Cvenc gavamagrebT sazRvars. Tu Seqmnian gamagrebul punqts, SeZleben Cveni miwis aoxrebas da vinmes gadabirebas, magram es ar SegviSlis xels zRvidan TavdasxmaSi. zRvaze brZolaSi Cven xom meti gamocdile ba movipoveT xmeleTze omisTvis, vidre maT Tavisi omebiT zRvaosnobisTvis. gamocdili zRvaosani iolad ver gaxdebi. Tqvenc, Tumca am saqmes midiur i omebis dros mihyaviT xeli, kidev ar flobT mas srulyofilad. rogorRa miaRwion rames miwaTmoqmedebma, zRvis unaxavma xalxma, Cveni flotis mier maTi navsadgurebis blokadis pirobebSi? ramdenime xomal dTan SebrZolebas isini kidev gabedaven, radgan gamocdilebis ricxviTi upiratesobiT gabaTilebis imedi eqnebaT. magram didi eskadris winaaRmdeg zRvaSi ver gavlen. varjiSis gareSe ki verasodes gaxdebian gamocdili zRvaosnebi. sazRvao saqme xom xelovnebaa, romelsac, sxva xelovnebaTa msgavsad, sxvaTa Soris ver Seiswavli, mas mTeli Zal-Rone unda dauTmo. davuSvaT, peloponeselebi daeuflon delfosa da olimpiis taZrebis saganZurs da scadon, maRali anazRaurebiT gadai biron Cveni ucxoeli mezRvaurebi. es saxifaTo iqneboda, Cven rom sakuTar moqalaqeTa da metekTa Soris maTi Semcvlelis povna ar SegveZlos. magram aseTi SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, da rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, mesaWeebi moqalaqeebi arian, xolo mezRvauri metic gvyavs da ufro gamocdilic, vidre sadme danarCen eladaSi. saqme omamde rom miva, arc erTi moqiravne 61 Tukidide.indd 61 01.04.2013 14:47:12 ar dagvtovebs, raTa ramdenime dRis manZilze gamarjvebis imedis gareSe iomos peloponeselTa mxareze ufro maRali gasamrjelosaTvis. daaxloebiT aseTia, Cemi azriT, pelo poneselTa SesaZleblobebi. Cven aramcTu ar gvaqvs msgavsi sirTuleebi, aramed yvela mxriv karg mdgomareob aSi varT. Tu xmeleTiT Semogviteven, Cven zRvaze davesxmiT Tavs. maTTvis peloponesis nawilis aoxreba bevrad ufro mtkivneul i iqneba, vidre CvenTvis – mTeli atikisa. maT xom sxva miwa ar aqvT, Cven ki bevri gvaqvs kunZulebsa da xmeleTze. amdenad mniSvnelova nia zRvaze batonoba. dafiqrdiT, kunZulze rom vcxovrobdeT, vin ras dagvaklebda? amitom ukve axla unda warmovidginoT mdgomareoba, rodesac Cven miwas da saxlebs davtovebT da da ar SevebmebiT brZolis velze peloponeselTa mravalricxov an qveiT jars. romc gavimarjvoT, isev imdeni mteri dagvrCeba, xolo Tu davmarcxdiT, daiRupeba Cveni kavSiri – Cveni Zlie rebis safuZveli. mokavSireebi maSinve gangvidgebian, rogorc ki Zala ar gveqneba maT dasamorCileblad. amitom saxlebsa da yanebze ki ar unda vifiqroT, aramed sakuTar Tavze. me rom SemeZlos, dagarwmunebdiT, Tavadve migvetovebina da gagveCa nagebina sakuTari miwa, raTa peloponeselTaTvis gveCvenebina, rom amiT ver dagvaCoqeben. bevri ram maZlevs imis imeds, rom gavimarjvebT, Tu axal oms ar wamoviwyebT da Tavs zedmet xifaTSi ar CavigdebT. mtris gegmebze metad me Cveni Secdomebis meSinia. magram amaze maASin visaubroT, omi rom daiwyeba. axla ki elCebi ase Ti pasuxiT gavistumroT: Cven gavuxsniT megarelebs Cvens navsadgurebsa da bazrebs, Tu lakedemonelebi aRar Segva viwroveben Cven da Cvens mokavSireebs (es xom samSvidobo xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli); Cven vcnobT mokavSi reTa damoukideblobas (ramdenadac isini damoukideblebi iyvnen xelSekrulebis dadebisas), Tu lakedemonelebic nebas miscemen maT qveynebs, iseTi mmarTveloba hqondeT, rogoric 62 Tukidide.indd 62 01.04.2013 14:47:13 Tavad surT. Cven mzad varT, davemorCiloT saSuamavlo sasa marTlos gadawyvetilebebs, rogorc es xelSekrulebiTaa gansazRvruli – oms ar daviwyebT, magram Tavs davicavT. es iqneba samarTlian i da Rirseuli pasuxi. magram unda gvesmo des, rom omi gardauv alia. rac meti xalisiT miviRebT gamow vevas, miT naklebi SemarTebiT Semogvitevs mteri. gaxsovdeT, sadac didi xifaTia, iqaa udidesi saxeli rogorc qveynisaTvis, aseve calkeuli moqalaqisTvis. Cvenma winaprebma moigeries midielTa Semoseva, Tumca omis dasawyisSi Cvenze sustebi iyvnen da saxl-karis datovebac mouxdaT. barbarosis gandev nasa da qveynis gandidebas maT sibrZnesa da sulier simtkices ufro unda vumadlodeT, vidre SemTxvevasa da uxeS Zalas. Cven maTi Rirseuli memkvidreebi unda viyoT, win aRvudgeT mters da STamomavlobas aranakleb diadi da Zlevamosili qveyana davutovoT.~ aTenelebi darwmundnen, rom periklesis rCeva sauk eTeso iyo da Sesabamisi dadgenilebac miiRes. lakedemonelebs ki upasuxes, rom maTgan brZanebebs ar moiTmenen, Tanasworo bis pirobebSi ki mzad arian moilaparakon yovel konkretul punqtTan dakavSirebiT da sadavo sakiTxebi saSuamavlo sasa marTloze gadawyviton. amis Semdeg lakedemonelebs elCebi aRar gamougzavniaT. ase warimarTa movlenebi omis win, epidamnosisa da kerkiris incidentis Semdeg. mxareeb i agrZelebdnen urTierTobebs da macneeb is gareSe saubrobdnen, magram ndoba maT Soris aRar iyo. es ki arRvevda zavs da omisTvis safuZvels amzadebda. 63 Tukidide.indd 63 04.04.2013 11:02:04 meor e wigni namdvili omi aTenelebsa da peloponeselebs Soris maSin daiwyo, rodesac isini aRar saubrobdnen macnis gareSe da erTmaneTs yvelgan iaraRiT upirispirdebodnen. evbeis dapyrobis Semdeg dadebulma ocdaaTwlianma zavma ToTxmeti weli gaZlo. meTxuTmete wels ki, poteidaiasTan brZolidan meTeqvsmete Tves, TebelTa samaskaciani razmi RamiT Tavs daesxa aTenelTa mokavSire beotiur qalaq plate as. Tebelebs mouxmo plateas moqalaqeTa jgufma, romelsac politikuri mowinaaRmdegeeb is gaJleta da qalaqis Tebel TaTvis gadacema surda. Tebelebi xedavdnen, rom omi iwyeboda da gadawyvites, Zvel metoqe plateas dauflebodnen. maT iolad SeaRwies qalaqSi da bazris moedani daikaves, magram imis magivrad, rom mtris saxlebSi SeWriliyvnen, gadawyvites mSvidobianad miemxroT plateelebi da macnis piriT gamoucx ades, visac beot ielTa mokavSireoba surda, maT SeerTeboda. plateelebs Tavidan mteri bevrad meti eCvenaT, vidre sinamdvileSi iyvnen da molaparakebaze daTanxmdnen. Semdeg naxes, rom Tebelebi arc ise mravalricxovanni iyvnen da maTi damarcxeba savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo. plateelTa umravle 64 Tukidide.indd 64 01.04.2013 14:47:13 sobas aTenelebTan kavSiri erCia. amitom gadawyvites, Tavs dasxmodnen momxvdurebs. maT mtrisgan malulad daiwyes Sek reba, Caxerges quCebi da miiRes zomebi, rac msgavs SemTxvevebSi aris saWiro. yvelaferi rom moamzades, plateelebi RamiT Seikribnen da gaTenebamde Tavs daesxnen Tebelebs. ifiqres, rom sibneleSi ucxo qalaqSi brZola mters gauWirdeboda. rodesac Tebelebi mixvdnen, rom motyuvdnen, erTad Sei yarnen da sabrZolod gaemzadnen. maT SeZles mtris ramdenime Setevis mogerieba. maSin plateelebs qalebi da msaxurebic miexmarnen. isini saxuravebidan qvebsa da kramits isrodnen wivil-kiviliT, Tanac mTel Rames kokispirulad wvimda. Tebe lebi Sedrknen da qalaqSi gaif antnen. umravlesobam talaxsa da sibneleSi ver ipova qalaqidan gasasvleli da mdevrisagan Tavis daRweva ver moaxerxa. plateelebma xom sakuTar qalaqSi yoveli kuTxe-kunWuli icodnen, Tanac maT winaswar Carazes WiSkari. gaqceulTa nawili galavnidan gadaxta da daimtvra, mcire jgufma ki gaangria erTi daucveli WiSkari, magram isi ni SeniSnes da umravlesoba daxoces. TebelTa didi jgufi ki maxeSi gaeba: galavnis axlos mdebare didi Senobis kari maT gasasvleli egonaT da mas miaSures. sanam plateelebi fiq robdnen, cecxli waekidebinaT am SenobisTvis da erTianad daexocaT mteri, Tebelebma danebeba amjobines. TebelTa ZiriTadi Zalebi imave Rames unda miSvelebodnen mewinave razms gauTvaliswinebeli sirTuleebis SemTxve vaSi. platea Tebesgan sul raRac samocdaaTi stadioniTaa daSorebuli, magram Zlierma wvimam da adidebulma mdinare asoposma maTi gadaadgileba Seaferxa. plateas rom miadgnen, ukve gviani iyo: TanamemamuleTa nawili ukve daRupuli, nawili ki datyvevebuli daxvdaT. es rom gaiges, Tebelebma qalaqis gareT myofi plateelebis datyveveba ganizraxes, raTa isini TavianT TanamemamuleebSi gaecvalaT. plateelebma gaiTval iswines es SesaZlebloba da mindorSi momuSave Tanamoqalaqe 65 Tukidide.indd 65 01.04.2013 14:47:13 Ta dasacavad Tebelebs macne gaugzavnes. man auwya Tebelebs, rom mSvidobian dros qalaqze TavdasxmiT maT ukeTuri saqme Caidines; rom plateel ebi iTxoven, Tebelebma xeli ar axlon mindorSi momuSave moqalaqeebs da TviTon datovon plateas miwa, Tu tyveebis cocxlad dabruneba surT. yovel SemTxve vaSi ase hyvebian Tebelebi da dasZenen, rom plateelebma ficic dades. plateelebi ki amtkiceben, rom ar dauficiaT, tyveebis dabrunebas ki mxolod Sedegiani molaparakebebis Semdeg apirebdnen. faqti isaa, rom Tebelebma datoves maTi miwa, plateelebma ki xalxi qalaqSi gadaiyvanes, xolo as oTx moci tyve daxoces. plateelebma Sikriki gagzavnes aTenSi, Tebelebs ki daRu pul meomarTa cxedrebi gadasces. aTenelebma, rogorc ki plateaze Tavdasxmis ambavi Seityves, atikaSi myofi beoti elebis Sepyroba brZanes, plateaSi ki macne gagzavnes, raTa Tebeli tyveebisaTvis araferi evnoT, sanam aTeni maT beds ar gadawyvetda. Sikriks tyveebi ukve daxocili daxvda. amis Semdeg aTenelebma plateaSi samxedro razmi da sakvebis mara gi gagzavnes, xolo qalaqidan qalebTan da bavSvebTan erTad gaiyvanes yvela, visac iaraRis tareba ar SeeZlo. plateas incidenti zavis aSkara darRveva iyo da aTenelebma omisTvis mzadeba daiwyes. lakedemonelebi da maTi mokavSi reeb ic samzadiss Seudgnen. orive mxare cdilobda sparseTis mefis, sxva barbarosebisa Tu neitraluri damoukidebeli qveynebis mxardaWera moepovebina. lakedemonelebma megobar qveynebs, italiasa da sicilias damatebiT orasi xomaldi mos Txoves. amiT peloponesis flotSi xomaldebis saerTo ricxvi xuTass miaRwevda. mokavSireebs unda SeegrovebinaT garkveul i Tanxac da movlenaTa ganviTarebas dalodebodnen. aTenelebma aRricxes mokavSireTa Zalebi da elCebi gagzavnes kerkiraze, kefaleniaze, akarnaniasa da ZakinTosSi. am qveynebis mimxrobiT isini imedovnebdnen peloponeselTa damarcxebas. 66 Tukidide.indd 66 01.04.2013 14:47:13 orive mxare omze fiqrobda. es bunebrivicaa: adamiani axal saqmes didi gulmodginebiT iwyebs. Tanac peloponesSic da aTenSic axalgazrdobas gamoucdelobiT omi swyuroda. danarCeni elada ki daZabuli eloda ori uZlieresi qveynis Serkinebas. xalxSi uamravi winaswarmetyveleba vrcelde boda. winaswarmetyvelurad miiCnies delosis miwisZvrac, radgan elinebs msgavsi araferi axsovdaT. sazogadoebrivi azri ZiriTadad lakedemonelTa mxares iyo, albaT imitom, rom maT Tavi eladis mxsnelebad gamoacxades. yvela – kaci Tu qveyana – cdilobda maT daxmareboda. amdenad, elinTa umravlesoba aTenelTa winaaRmdeg iyo ganwyobili, zogs maTi batonobisgan ganTavisufleba undoda, zogsac maTi eSinoda. aseTi samzadisiTa da ganwyobiT Sexvdnen mxareebi oms. dasawyisSi lakedemonelTa mokavSireebi iyvnen: mTeli pelo ponesi argoselTa da aqeelTa garda, megarelebi, beotielebi, fokeelebi, lokrebi, amprakielebi, levkadelebi, anaqtori elebi. maTgan korinTelebs, megarelebs, sikionelebs, pele nebs, eleel ebs, amprakielebsa da levkadelebs gamohyavdaT xomaldebi, beot ielebs, fokeelebsa da lokrebs – mxedrebi, danarCenebs ki – qveiTi jari. aTenelTa mokavSireeb i iyvnen: qios elebi, lesboselebi, plateelebi, navpaqtosis meseniele bi, akarnanielebi, kerkirelebi, ZakinToselebi da sxva moxarke qveynebi kariaSi, ioniaSi, helespontosSi, TrakiaSi, kunZulebi peloponessa da kretas Soris da danarCeni kikladebi (melosisa da Teras garda). maTgan qios elebi, lesboselebi da kerkirele bi xomaldebs awvdidnen, danarCenebi ki qveiT jarsa da fuls. plateis movlenebis Semdeg lakedemonelebma gadawyvites atikaSi SeWra da TavianT mokavSireebs Soreuli laSqrobisaT vis mzadeba ubrZanes. TiToeulma qveyanam samxedro Zalis ori mesamedi gagzavna isTmosze. am laSqrobis mTavarsardalma, lakedemonelTa mefe arqidamosma Sekriba calkeuli razmebis Tavkacebi da maT aseTi sityviT mimarTa: 67 Tukidide.indd 67 01.04.2013 14:47:13 `peloponeselebo da mokavSireebo! Cvens mamebs xSirad uomiaT peloponesSic da mis farglebs gareTac, arc Cven varT brZolaSi gamoucdelni. magram arasodes gvibrZolia iseTi ZaliT, rac axla gvyavs. Cven gvyavs sauk eTeso laSqari da miv divarT uZlieresi qveynis winaaRmdeg. viyoT Cveni winaprebis saxelis Rirsi. mTeli elada imedis TvaliT Semogvyurebs. magram Cven ar unda davkargoT sifxizle. nuravin ifiqrebs, rom Cveni ricxobrivi upiratesobis gamo mteri ver gabedavs brZolas. sardalic da rigiTi meomaric mudam mzad unda iyos safrTxisaTvis. omSi yvelafers winaswar ver gaTvli da Tav dasxma yovelTvis moulodnelia. xSirad ufro susti, magram ufro frTxili igeriebs Zlier metoqes, romelic qedmaRlobis gamo kargad ar moemzada brZolisaTvis. mtris miwaze sulis simxneve da moqmedebaTa sifrTxile unda SevaTavsoT. maSin simamace ar avnebs gegmebis ganxorcielebas. Cven mivdivarT Zlieri qveynis winaaRmdeg, romelic yovelmxriv mzadaa omis Tvis da aucileblad SegvebrZoleba, rodesac Cven mis miwaze aRmovCndebiT da misi qonebis gaCanagebas daviwyebT. nebismi eri ganrisxdeba, rodesac Tavisi TvaliT dainaxavs misTvis miyenebul zarals. mrisxaneba ki cudi mrCevelia. aTenelTagan yvelaze metad unda velodeT winaaRmdegobas, radgan isini sxva elinebze mbrZaneblobas eswrafvian da urCevniaT sxvas daesxan Tavs, vidre sakuTari miwis aoxrebas uyuron. esoden Zlier metoqesTan omis dawyebiT Cven, Sedegis Sesabamisad, an udides saxels movixveWT, an udides sircxvils viwvnevT. maS daemorCileT Tqvens sardlebs, daicaviT disciplina da sif rTxile da zustad SeasruleT brZanebebi. did laSqars erTi neba, erTi wesi amSvenebs.~ amis Semdeg arqidamosma aTenSi melesiposi gagzavna im ime diT, rom aTenelebi maSin mainc daTmobdnen rames, rodesac Seityobdnen, rom mteri ukve gzaSia. aTenelebma elCi arc saxalxo krebaze SeuSves da arc qalaqSi. periklesis rCeviT, 68 Tukidide.indd 68 01.04.2013 14:47:13 maT daadgines, ar mieRoT lakedemonelTa elCebi da macneebi. arc ki mousmines elCs da qveynis erT dReSi datoveba ubrZa nes, lakedemonelebs ki SeuTvales, jer saxlebSi dabrundnen da elCi Semdeg gamogzavnon. melesiposi sazRvramde gaaciles, rom aravis Sexvedroda. damSvidobebisas man mxolod es uTxra megzurebs: `dRevandeli dRe elinTaTvis didi ubedurebis dasawyisi gaxdeba.~ elCis dabrunebis Semdeg arqidamosi mix vda, rom aTenelebi aRarafers daTmobdnen da laSqars ati kisken gauZRva. beotielebma mas qveiTi jarisa da mxedrebis nawili miaSveles, danarCeni ZalebiT ki plateas miadgnen da misi sanaxebis gaCanagebas Seudgnen. periklesi SiSobda, rom mis mamuls arqidamosi an sakuTa ri nebiT daindobda (rogorc masTan stumar-maspinZlobiT dakavSirebuli), an – lakedemonelTa moTxovniT, periklesis mimarT aTenelTa undoblobis gasaRviveblad. man jer kidev isTmosTan peloponeselTa laSqris Sekrebamde ganucxada saxalxo krebas, rom qveynis interesebi ar unda dazaraldes misi arqidamosTan axloblobis gamo. amitom saxelmwifos gadascems Tavis saxlebsa da miwas, Tu isini oms gadaurCeba. Semdeg periklesma gaim eora Tavisi rCeva, yvelaferi Rirebuli qalaqSi gadmoetanaT da misi dacviT Semofargluliyvnen, aRe WurvaT floti – samxedro Zlierebis safuZveli, da fxizlad edevnebinaT Tvali mokavSireeb isaTvis. maT xom yovelwliur ad eqvsasi talanti SemohqondaT xazinaSi. akropolisze vercxlis fuliT eqvsi aTasi talanti inaxeboda, sul ki xazinaSi cxra aTas Svidasi talanti iyo, Tumca nawili akropolisis gamSve nebasa da poteidaias alyaze daixarja. fulis garda, aTenel Ta gankargulebaSi iyo taZrebis saganZuric. marto aTenas qandakebis oqros samosi ormoc talants iwonida (isic SeiZ leba qalaqis gadarCenas moxmardes da Semdeg aunazRaurdeso qalRmerTs). aTens hyavda cameti aTasi hopliti, simagreebSi garnizonebisa da galavnis dacvis Teqvsmeti aTasi kacis garda 69 Tukidide.indd 69 01.04.2013 14:47:13 (falerosis kedeli ocdaTxuTmeti stadionis sigrZisa iyo, sakuTriv qalaqis galavani – ormocdasami stadioni, pireosis grZeli kedeli – ormoci, pireosis garSemo kedlebi – samoci), aTas orasi mxedari (maT Soris moisrebic), aTas rvaasi qveiTi moisari da samasi trieri sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi. aseTi iyo aTenis samxedro Zalebi peloponoselTa pirveli Semosevis win. aTenelebma dauj eres perikless, ojaxebi qalaqSi gadaiy vanes, saqoneli ki – evbeas a da sxva kunZulebze. maT umZimdaT saxlebTan ganSoreba, umravlesoba soflad cxovrebas iyo miCveul i. cxovrebis aseTi wesi maT uZvelesi droidan hqondaT. kek rofsisa da pirveli mefeebis dros xalxi atikaSi Temebad cxovrobda. Temebs TavianTi Tavkacebi hyavdaT, mefesTan saTaTbirod iSviaTad midiodnen. Temebi sakuTar saqmeebs TviTon wyvetdnen da erTmaneTTan omobdnen kidec. Tesevsma, brZenma da Zlevamosilma mefem, gaaerTiana isini erT qveynad da erTian i mmarTveloba SemoiRo. xalxi soflad cxovrobda, magram qalaqi erTi hqondaT. maTTvis Zneli iyo midiur i omebis Semdeg gaWirvebiT aRdge nili saxl-karisa da salocavebis mitoveba da qalaqSi gadasax leba. es samSoblos datovebis tolfasi iyo. aTenSi ltolvilTa mxolod mcire nawilma moaxerxa megob rebTan an naTesavebTan dabinaveba. umravlesoba udabur adgilebSi, RmerTebisa Tu gmirebis taZrebSi an galavnis koS kebSi dasaxlda. qalaqi ver itevda amden xalxs. mogvianebiT grZeli kedlisa da pireosis galavnis saTavsoebic binebad iqca. amasobaSi aTenelebi krebdnen mokavSireebs da eskadras amzadebdnen peloponesze Tavdasasxmelad. atikisaken gzaze peloponeselTa laSqari oinoas miadga. aq dabanakdnen da samxedro manqanebiT galavnis SturmisaT vis mzadeba daiwyes. oinoa gamagrebuli qalaqia atikisa da beotiis sazRvarze da aTenelebs aq garnizoni eyenaT. pelo 70 Tukidide.indd 70 01.04.2013 14:47:13 ponoselebs samzadisze bevri dro daekargaT. arqidamosis zedmetma sidinjem (rogorc omisTvis mzadebisas, aseve misi dawyebis Semdeg) didi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. igi aTenel Ta megobradac ki miiCnies, radgan lakedemonelebs omisagan Tavis Sekavebas urCevda. mas sayvedurobdnen isTmosze Seyov nebas, ganzrax nel gadaadgilebas da oinoas uSedego alyas. marTlac, amasobaSi aTenelebma moaswres TavianTi qonebis gadarCena. peloponeselebi javrobdnen, rom Seyovnebis gamo nadavli ver igdes xelT. arqidamosi ki, rogorc fiqroben, imis imediT ar Cqarobda, rom aTenelebi manam daTmobdnen, sanam maTi miwa srulad ganadgurdeboda. bolos, oinoas oTxmocdRiani uSedego alyis Semdeg pelo poneselebi atikaSi SeiWrnen. maT banaki moawyves da iqidan elevsinisa da Triasiis dablobis gaCanageba daiwyes, aTene li mxedrebi ki ukuaqcies. Semdeg maT winsvla ganagrZes da atikis udides edems – aqarnes miaRwies. aqac dabanakdnen da axla aqedan daTareSobdnen qveyanaSi. Tavad arqidamosi aqarnes olqSi idga srul sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi. is eloda, rom aTeneli axalgazrdebi ar dauS vebdnen maTi miwis xelyofas da sabrZolvelad gamovidodnen. rodesac arc elevsinSi, arc Triasiis dablobze aTenelebs winaaRmdegoba ar gauw eviaT, arqidamosi aqarnesTan dabanak da da kidev scada mtris gamotyueba. erTi mxriv, es adgili banakisaTvis mosaxerxebeli iyo, meore mxriv, aqarnelebs sami aTasi hopliti gamohyavdaT da arqidamoss imedi hqon da, rom isini sxva aTenelebsac aiyolebdnen maTi miwisaTvis sabrZolvelad. Tu aTenelebi arc axla gamovidodnen, Sem deg ufro Tamamad SeiZleboda dablobSi Casvla da qalaqTan miaxloeba. aqarnelebs sakuTari qonebis dakargvis Semdeg naklebi xalisi eqnebodaT, sxvisTvis ebrZolaT. ase mtris banakSi SuRlis gaRvivebac SeiZleboda. am mosazrebebiT idga arqidamosi aqarnesTan. 71 Tukidide.indd 71 01.04.2013 14:47:13 sanam mteri elevsinTan idga, aTenelebs kidev hqondaT ime di, rom is ufro Sors aRar wamovidoda. ToTxmeti wlis win lakedemonelTa mefem pleistoanaqsma SeaRwia atikaSi elev sinamde da ukan gabrunda. Semdeg mefe spartidan gandevnes braldebiT, rom amaSi qrTami aiRo. aTenelebisTvis autaneli iyo mtris aqarnesTan (qalaqidan samoci stadionis daSore biT) xilva. mSobliuri miwis ganadgureba maTze Zalian mZime STabeWdilebas axdenda. axalgazrdebs aseTi ram arasodes enaxaT, moxucebs ki – mxolod midielTa Semosevis dros. yvela mzad iyo sabrZolvelad. quCebSi ikribebodnen, kamaTobdnen da periklesze brazobdnen, radgan sardali maT mtris wina aRmdeg ar miuZRoda. periklesi xedavda aTenelTa ganwyobas, magram sakuTari gadawyvetileba sworad miaCnda. amitom arc saxalxo krebas iwvevda da arc sxva ram TaTbirs, rom aTenelebs daufiqreb lad Secdoma ar daeSvaT. man brZana qalaqis saguldagulod dacva da Seecada xalxis ukmayofileba Caeqro. drodadro mxedrebs gzavnida, raTa mtris marbieli razmebisTvis xeli SeeSalaT. erTxel aTeneli da Tesalieli mxedrebi beot ie lebs Seebnen. maT ukan mxolod mas mere daixies, rac beot i elebs hoplitebi wamoeSvelnen. danakargi umniSvnelo iyo, daRupulTa cxedrebi imave dRes gamoitanes, peloponeselebma ki meor e dRes gamarjveba izeimes. aTenelebi kvlav aridebdnen Tavs brZolas da pelopo neselebma aqarnedan sxva TemebSi gadainacvles. amasobaSi aTenelebma asi xomaldisgan Semdgari eskadra aTasi hopli tiTa da oTxasi moisriT peloponesisken gagzavnes. eskadra napiris gaswvriv micuravda, peloponeselebi ki sanovagis gamolevamde atikaSi darCnen, Semdeg ki beotiis gavliT Sin dabrundnen. peloponeselTa atikidan wasvlis Semdeg aTenelebma sagu Sagoebi moawyves xmeleTsa da zRvaze. maT agreTve gadawyvi 72 Tukidide.indd 72 01.04.2013 14:47:13 tes, rom ukiduresi aTasi talanti da asi saukeTeso xomaldi hyolodaT mzad. aTenelTa as xomalds kerkirelTa da sxva mokavSireTa ormocdaaTi gemi SeuerTda. isini peloponesis sanapiro olqebs aCanagebdnen. erTxelac aTenelebi lakoniaS i, meTo nesTan gadasxdnen da Seec adnen, ieriSiT aeRoT cudad gamag rebuli qalaqi. SemTxveviT maxloblad imyofeboda sparte li brasidasi, romelic hoplitebis aseuliT maT saSvelad gaemarTa. man moaxerxa aTenelTa razmis garRveva da qalaqis gadarCena. am gmirobisaTvis man pirvelma daimsaxura am omSi Seqeba qveynis saxeliT. aTenelebi ki ganagrZobdnen napiris gaswvriv curvas. isini Tavs daesxnen feias eleaSi da aaoxres misi midamoebi. maT daamarcxes eleelTa samasi rCeuli meo mari, aiRes qalaqi da igi mxolod eleelTa ZiriTadi Zalebis moaxloebisas datoves. daaxloebiT imave dros aTenelebma kleopomposis sar dlobiT ocdaaTi xomaldi gagzavnes lokrebis winaaRmdeg da evbeis dasacavad. imave zafxuls aTenelebma gandevnes eginelebi ojaxebi TurT da maTi kunZuli, romelic peloponesTan axlos mde bareobs, Tavad daasaxles. lakedemonelebma ltolvilebi madlierebis niSnad TireaSi daabinaves miwisZvrisa da helo tebis ajanyebis dros gaweul i daxmarebisTvis. imave zafxuls, savse mTvarisas, dRisiT mze dabnelda. erT xans mze namgala mTvares hgavda da ramdenime varskvlavic gamoCnda caze. imave zafxuls aTenelebma proqsenosad airCies nomfo dorosi. man aTenelTa mokavSired aqcia TrakielTa mefe sitalkesi da Termas dabrunebis fasad Sear iga isini perdi kasTan. amis Semdeg perdika SeuerTda aTenelebs qalkidelTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobaSi. aTenelTa eskadra ki isev ganagrZobda curvas peloponesis 73 Tukidide.indd 73 01.04.2013 14:47:13 sanapiros gaswvriv. maT xelT igdes korinTelTa qalaqi soli osi, agreTve astakosi, saidanac gandevnes tirani evarqosi da qveyana aTenis kavSirSi CarTes. kefalenia ki maT ubrZolve lad danebda. garkveuli xnis Semdeg eskadra Sin dabrunda. zafxulis miwuruls aTenelebis ZiriTadi Zalebi perik lesis sardlobiT megaris miwaze SeiWrnen. Sinisaken momaval eskadras am ambavma eginasTan miuswro da isic megarisken gaeS ura. es iyo aTenelTa udidesi laSqari, romelic odesme erT adgilas Sekrebila – aTi aTasi hopliti moqalaqis, sami aTasi hopliti metekisa da mravali msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiT isgan Semdgari. qveynis aoxrebis Semdeg aTenelebi ukan gabrundnen. amgvar laSqrobebs isini yovelwliurad awyob dnen, sanam nisea ar daikaves. aTenelebma daikaves ukacrieli kunZuli atalanta da iq simagre aaSenes, raTa evbea lokrebis mxridan daecvaT. momdevno zamTars evarqosma korinTelTa laSqris, xomal debisa da moqiravneTa ZalebiT daibruna xelisufleba asta kosSi. akarnaniis sxva qveynebSi ki korinTelebma warmatebas veRar miaRwies da ukan gabrundnen. gzad isini kefaleniaze gadasxdnen, magram kraniebis veraguli Tavdasxmis Semdeg raz mis nawili dakarges da kunZuli datoves. imave zamTars aTenelebma Zveli Cveulebis mixedviT omSi daRupul mebrZolTa sazeimo dakrZalva moawyves. dakrZal vamde sami dRiT adre neSts asvenebdnen karavSi da yvelas SeeZ lo misTvis rame mierTmia. dakrZalvis dRes micvalebulebs miasveneben kviparosis kuboTi (TiTo filedan daRupulTa naSTebs erT kuboSi aTavseben), aseve moaqvT xaliCagadafa rebuli carieli sareceli ugzo-ukvlod dakargulTaTvis. procesias yvela msurveli uerTdeba. daRupul meomrebs krZalaven saxelmwifo samarxSi aTenis ulamazes gareubanSi. gamonaklisi mxolod maraTonis gmirebisTvis dauSves – isini brZolis velze arian dakrZaluli. dakrZalvaze gamosaTxovar 74 Tukidide.indd 74 01.04.2013 14:47:13 sityvas warmoTqvams kaci, visac misi Wkuisa da damsaxurebis gamo upirvelesad miiCneven Tanamoqalaqeni. amjerad gamom svlelad periklesi airCies. `Cemamde aq gamosulTa umravlesoba aqebda daRupulTa saflavTan maT pativsacemad sityvis warmoTqmis wess, rad gan gvmarTebs pativi mivagoT brZolaSi dacemulT. me ki vam jobinebdi, im moqalaqeebs, vinc saqmiT gamoiCina gmiroba, saqmiTve mivagoT pativi da maTi gmirobis Sefaseba ar iyos gamomsvlelis mWevrmetyvelebaze damokidebuli. marTlac, Znelia ipovo Sesaferisi sityvebi iq, sadac rTulia msmene li naTqvamisadmi ndobiT ganawyo. movlenebSi garkveul da TanagrZnobiT ganwyobil aTenels sityva sustad moeCveneba imasTan SedarebiT, rac icis da ris mosmenac surs. ucxo ki roca imas moismens, rasac TviTon ver Caidenda, SuriT aRiv seba da gmirobas gadaWarbebulad miiCnevs. magram, radgan Cvens winaprebs es Cveuleba daudgeniaT, mec davemorCilebi da vecdebi TiToeuli msmenelis survilisa da moTxovnile bis dakmayofilebas. daviwyeb winaprebiT. Cven gvmarTebs maTi mogoneba. isini am qveyanaSi cxovrobdnen odiTganve da TavianTi gmirobiT igi dRevandlamde Semogvinaxes. kidev meti qebis Rirsni arian Cveni mamebi, romlebmac winaparTa danatovari gaamravles da Cven didi saxelmwifo gvianderZes. Cven, dRevandelma mowi fulma Taob am, kidev ufro ganvamtkiceT misi Zliereba. Cven miveciT qveyanas sruli damoukidebloba da movamzadeT igi rogorc omis, aseve mSvidobisaTvis. Cveni sagmiro saqmeebi sxva qveynebis dapyrobisas Tu Semoseul i mtrebisgan Tavdacvisas sayovelTaod aa cnobili da maTze aRar vilaparakeb. sanam dacemulT, visac dRes vkrZalavT, xotbas Sevasxamde, vityvi Cveni qveynis saxelmwifo wyobis Sesaxeb, ramac dRevandeli sidiade mogvitana. vfiqrob, dRes es unda gavixsenoT da msme nelisTvisac sasargeblo iqneba amis mosmena. 75 Tukidide.indd 75 01.04.2013 14:47:13 Cveni saxelmwifo ucxo nimuSis mixedviT ar mogviwyvia. piriqiT, Cven varT sxvisTvis samagaliTo. da radgan Cvens qveyanas marTavs ara adamianTa mcire jgufi, aramed xalxi, am wyobas demokratia hqvia. kerZo saqmeebSi yvela Tanasworia kanonis winaSe. xolo rac saxelmwifo saqmes Seexeba, sapatio Tanamdebobebze virCevT gamorCeulT, ara romelime wodebi sadmi kuTvnilebis mixedviT, aramed piradi Rirsebebis gamo. Tu kacs qveynis samsaxuri SeuZlia, mas amaSi xels ver SeuSlis siRaribe, mdabio warmoSoba an dabali sazogadoebrivi mdgo mareob a. Cven Tavisuflad vcxovrobT da yoveldRiurobaSi mezobelsac ar vawuxebT zedmeti eWviTa da Wkuis darige biT. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi vicavT kanonebs, maT mimarT pativiscemis gamo, vemorCilebiT xelisuflebasa da kanons, gansakuTrebiT CagrulTa dasacavad dadgenils da dauwerel wesebs, romelTa darRvevac saTakilod iTvleba. Sromisa da sadardelisgan dasvenebisas vawyobT TamaSebsa da dResaswaulebs, xolo ojaxuri siTbo aqarvebs yovel dRiur sazrunavs. Cveni qveynis bazarze mTeli msofliodan moed ineba yvelaferi, rac gvWirdeba – ucxo nawarmiT iseve Tavisuflad vsargeblobT, rogorc sakuTariT. samxedro saqmeSic sxvebisgan gansxvavebuli wesebi gvaqvs. Cven yvelas vuSvebT Cvens qveyanaSi da ar vuSliT ucxoelebs mis gacnobas imis SiSiT, rom Cvens saidumlos gaigeben. Cven xom, ZiriTadad, sakuTar simamaces veyrdnobiT da ara samxedro eSmakobebs. Cveni mowinaaRmdege misi aRzrdis sistemiT cdi lobs bavSvobidan mkacri discipliniT gamoumuSaos ymawvils vaJkacoba, Cven ki Tavisuflad vcxovrobT, amgvari simkacris gareSe da mainc mxned vebrZviT Tanaswor metoqes. ai dasturic: lakedemonelebi mokavSireebTan erTad iWrebian Cvens miwaze, Cven ki martoni vesxmiT Tavs maT mezoblebs da iolad vZlevT, miux edavad imisa, rom isini sakuTari qonebis dasacavad ibrZvi an. mteri jer arasdros Sexvedria mTel Cvens samxedro Zalas, 76 Tukidide.indd 76 01.04.2013 14:47:13 radgan Cven erTdroulad gviwevs xomaldebis aRWurvac da xme leTzec sxvadasxva adgilas razmebis gagzavnac. erT razmTan SetakebaSi Tu miaRweven warmatebas, Tavi ise moaqvT, TiTqos aTenelTa gaerTianebul laSqars sZlies, marcxis SemTxvevaSic irwmunebian, TiTqos mTel Cvens ZalebTan damarcxdnen. Cveni upiratesoba imaSia, rom xifaTs ar gavurbivarT ara mZime var jiSis Cvevisa da kanonis moTxovnaTa gamo, aramed sicocxlis xalisisa da Tandayolili simamacis gamo. Cven ar gvadardebs momavali safrTxe, rTul mdgomareobaSi ki aranakleb vaJka cobas viCenT, vidre is, vinc mZime SromiT mudmivad amisTvis emzadeba. sxvaTa Soris, Cveni qveyana amiTac iwvevs gaocebas. mSvenier ebas veswrafviT mflangvelobis gareSe da Cveni gataceba mecnierebiT ar vnebs sulier Zalas. simdidres vafa sebT, radgan misi gonivrulad moxmareba SeiZleba. siRaribe ar aris CvenTan samarcxino, magram saTakiloa, Tu kaci ar cdilobs Tavisi SromiT dasZlios igi. Cveni xalxi kerZo da sazogado saqmiT erTdroulad aris dakavebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela sakuTar saqmeSia gawafuli, TiToeuli moqalaqe kargad erkveva politikaSi. radgan mxolod Cven miviCnevT sazoga doebriv saqmeTagan Sors mdgom kacs ara saimedo moqalaqed, aramed usargeblo uqnarad. Cven ar vfiqrobT, rom sazogado saqmes avnebs sajaro ganxilva. piriqiT, arasworad migvaCnia mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis moumzadeblad, gansjis gare Se miReba. miux edavad imisa, rom mamacni varT, Cven jer kargad davgegmavT da Semdeg CavigdebT Tavs safrTxeSi, sxvebSi ki umecari SezRudulobaa gambedaobis, xolo saRi gansja – gada uwyvetelobis mizezi. namdvil vaJkacad mxolod is SeiZleba miviCnioT, vinc mwarec icis da tkbilic da swored amis gamo ar gaurbis xifaTs. gulkeTiloba Cven gansxvavebulad gvesmis, vidre adamianebis umravles nawils: megobrebs viZenT ara imis mixedviT, ras viRebT maTgan, aramed imiT, Tu ragvar megobro bas viCenT maT mimarT. ufro sando megobari swored is aris, 77 Tukidide.indd 77 01.04.2013 14:47:13 vinc samsaxurs uwevs meores da damsaxurebul madlierebas Semdgomi samsaxuriT amtkicebs. naklebad sandoa kaci, rome lic keTil saqmes valdebulebis gamo akeTebs da ara wrfeli guliT. Cven erTaderTi varT, vinc sxvas uangarod exmareba. mokled, me vamtkiceb, rom Cveni qveyana sanimuSoa mTeli eladisaTvis da TiToeul Cvengans SeuZlia kargad warmoa Cinos Tavi sruliad gansxvavebul viTarebaSi. Cemi sityvebis simarTles adasturebs Cveni qveynis Zlevamosileba, romel sac swored Cveni wyobis meSveobiT mivaRwieT. Tanamedrove qveynebidan mxolod Cveni aris sinamdvileSi imaze Zlieri, ra saxelic mas aqvs. mters ar Sercxveba masTan marcxi, xolo qveSevrdomi ver daiCivlebs mmarTvelTa araraobas. Tana medroveTa da Cveni STamomavlobis gasaocrad Cven didi saqmeebiT davadastureT Cveni qveynis Zlevamosileba. Cven gansadideblad ar gvWirdeba homerosi. Cvenma simamacem gadag viSala zRvac da xmeleTic da yvelgan samudamo Zegli dag vidga. swored aseTi qveynisaTvis dades Tavi am meomrebma da cocxlad darCenilebic yvelani sixaruliT SevewirebiT mas. amitom visaubre amdeni Cveni qveynis didebis Sesaxeb. min doda meCvenebina, rom Cven bevrad ufro mets vicavT, vidre is xalxi, visac msgavsi ram ar gaaCnia, da mindoda mometana daRupulTa gmirobis utyuari sabuTi. ZiriTadi ukve iTqva. radgan yvelafers, rasac me aq xotba Sevasxi, Cveni qveyana am gmirebs unda umadlodes. mTel eladaSi cota Tu moiZebneba iseTi, visi saxelic amdenadve Seesabameba mis damsaxurebas. maTi aRsasruli sicocxlis saxelovani dasasrulia. vinc adre Tavis movaleobas ar asrulebda, samSoblosaTvis brZo liT SeuZlia Zvel SecodebaTa gamosyidva. am gmirebma ki ar dakarges mxneoba, ar amjobines simdidriT tkboba an gamdid rebis imediT ar SeuS indnen safrTxes. samSoblosaTvis Tavis dadeba maT udides siqveled miiCnies. udidesi gansacdelis Jams maT mois urves Sebmodnen mters, daiv iwyes yvelaferi da 78 Tukidide.indd 78 01.04.2013 14:47:13 sakuTar Zalebs daendnen. maT sikvdili amjobines daTmobas, riTac Tavidan aiciles simxdalis braldeba, daamarcxes SiSi da samudamo saxeli moipoves. maT pirnaTlad moixades vali qveynis winaSe. cocxlad darCenilebma RmerTebs unda vTxovoT, rom bedma metad gag viRimos, magram mtris mimarT Cvenc maTsaviT Seudrekeli unda viyoT. moqalaqeTa umetesoba mxolod oratorisgan nu Seityobs, ra kargia mtris mogerieb a, aramed TiToeul Tqven gans yoveldRiurad unda hqondes qveynis mSvenierebiTa da miRwevebiT tkbobis saSualeba. rodesac qveynis sidiadiT iamayebT, gaxsovdeT, rom arsebobdnen Rirseul i adamian ebi, vinc icoda, ra aris vali, da aRasrula igi. maT warumateb lobis drosac ar daukargavT Rirseba da qveyanas umSvenie resi – sakuTari sicocxle Seswires. amiT maT saukuno saxeli moipoves. amgvari xalxia CvenTvis samagaliTo. bednierebad miiCnieT Tavisufleba, xolo Tavisuflebad – simamace, da mxned SexvdiT oms. gaWirvebulma da uimedom risTvis unda ibrZolos, magram samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirva marTebs mas, visac warumatebeli omi cxovrebas daumZimebs. keTilSobili adamianisaTvis damcireba sikvdilze uaresia, aRsasruli ki umtkivneulo xdeba, Tu sakuTari Zalis SegrZnebiTa da saer To saqmis warmatebis imediT kvdebi. amdenad, me ar vglovob daRupulTa mSoblebTan erTad da mivmarTav maT nugeSis sityvebiT. bednieria is, visac aseTi gmiruli aRsasruli eRirsa an TqvensaviT keTilSobili mwu xareba ergo. mesmis, rom Znelia gagiqarvoT Svilis sikvdiliT gamowveuli mwuxareba, Tqveni dakarguli bedniereba yovel Tvis gagaxsendebaT, rodesac sxvisas dainaxavT. ganucdel bednier ebas ar moaqvs tkivili, magram SeCveul is dakargva mtanjvelia. Tu kidev axalgazrda xarT da sxva Svilis gaCena SegiZliaT, amiT inugeSeT Tavi. axali bavSvebi mSoblis nuge Sicaa da qveynis Zalac. vinc ar zrunavs bavSvebis momavalze, 79 Tukidide.indd 79 01.04.2013 14:47:13 verc TanamoqalaqeTaTvis sasargeblo da samarTlian gadawy vetilebas miiR ebs. moxucebma ki gaix areT imiT, rom sicocxlis didi nawili bednierad ganvleT da cotaRa dagrCaT, darCenil dReebs ki Svilebis dideba dagimSvenebT. didebisadmi ltolva arasdros qreba. im asakSic ki, rodesac kaci sazogadoebisTvis usargeblo xdeba, mas yvelaze metad pativi swyuria. gmirebis vaJebsa da Zmebs gagiWirdebaT maT saxelTan Sejibri da udidesi vaJkacobiTac mxolod miuaxlovdebiT maT didebas. sicocxleSi Rirseuli xalxi Surs aRZravs da mxolod micvalebulebs asxamen uSurvelad xotbas (isini xom metoqeebi aRar arian). unda Sevexo daqvrivebul qalTa siqveles da maT es rCeva mivce: nu dakargavT qalur bunebas rogorc meuRleebi da moqalaqeebi; Tqveni udidesi damsa xureba iqneba, Tu kacebi Tqvenze arafers ityvian, arc augs da arc saqebars. Cveni winaprebis wesisamebr, daRupulTa pativsacemad me vTqvi, risi Tqmac saWirod mimaCnda. qveyanam nawilobriv miago maT pativi am ceremonialiT, da is izrunebs maT Svilebzedac srulwlovanebamde. es maRali jildoa, gvirgvinis msgavsi, rasac gmirebis Svilebi imsaxureben. qveyanaSi, sadac vaJka coba fasdeba, moqalaqeebic vaJkacebi arian.~ ase dasrulda omis pirveli weli. momdevno zafxulis dadgomisTanave peloponeselTa da maT mokavSireTa Zalebis ori mesamedi arqidamosis sardlobiT kvlav SeiWra atikaSi da qveynis rbeva daiwyo. mtris gamoCenidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg aTenSi epidemiis pirveli SemTxvevebi aRiniSna. msgavsi Wiri adrec yofila sxvadasxva adgilas, magram is arasdros gavrcelebula ase swrafad da arasdros umsxverplia amdeni adamiani. mis winaSe uZluri iyo yvela da yvelaferi da xalxi sasowarkveTilebam moicva. rogorc amboben, Wiri eTiopiaSi gaCnda, iqidan jer egvip tesa da libias, Semdeg sparseTis mefis mTel samflobelos 80 Tukidide.indd 80 01.04.2013 14:47:13 moedo. moulodnelad ifeTqa aTenSic. jer pireosSi gamoC nda, mere ki zemo qalaqSic avida da msxverplis raodenoba mkveTrad gaizarda. sneul eba maRali sicxiTa da Tvalebis dawiTlebiT iwyeb o da da swrafad edeboda mTel organizms. avadmyofs sunTqva uWirda da wyurvili axrCobda. umravlesoba meSvide an mecxre dRes kvdeboda, vinc kriziss gadaitanda, xSirad sisustisgan kvdeboda an xeibrdeboda. seni ganurCevlad celavda mdidarsa da Raribs, kargad movlilsa da upatronos. am ubedurebis yvelaze mZime Sede gi mainc sulieri dacema iyo: vinc Tavs SeuZlod igrZnob da, imeds gadaiwuravda da sikvdils eloda. avadmyofoba gadamdebi iyo da sneulTa movlas mxolod Wirmoxdilebi da gadarCenilebi bedavdnen. marTlac, seni adamians meored aRar ekareboda. aTenelTa ubedurebas amZafrebda isic, rom qalaqSi uamra vi ltolvili iyo. binebi ar hyofnidaT, mTeli qalaqi momak vdavebiTa da gvamebiT iyo savse. dakrZalvis wesebs aRaravin icavda. sakuTar micvalebuls yvela ise asaflavebda, rogorc SeeZlo. usaxsrobis gamo zogi namusze sul iRebda xels da sxvisTvis gamzadebul kocons epatroneboda. saerTod, Wirma aTenSi ukanonoba warmoSva. rasac adre malulad Tu Caidenda kaci, axla amas aSkarad da utifrad kadrulobda. uceb Seicvala yvelaferi: mdidari kvdeboda da uqoneli eufleboda mis qonebas. radgan sicocxle da simdidre gardamaval Rirebulebad iqca, yvela wuTier sia movnebas eswrafoda. amaRlebuli miznisTvis Tavis gawirva aRaravis surda, radgan ar icoda, moeswreboda Tu ara nanatr momavals. gancxroma upirveles da umSvenieres saqmed iqca. aRar akavebda kacs borotebisgan aRarc RmerTebis da aRarc kanonis SiSi, radgan yvela erTnairad ixoceboda da aravin icoda, icocxlebda Tu ara kanonier sasjelamde. ufro mZime 81 Tukidide.indd 81 01.04.2013 14:47:13 ganaCeni xom ukve gamotanili iyo da mis aRsrulebamde yvelas undoda sicocxliT damtkbariyo. aseTi iyo aTenelTa gasaWiri: qalaqSi maT Wiri avlebda musrs, gareT ki mteri aCanagebda maT miwas. dablobis aoxrebis Semdeg peloponeselebi paraliis olqSi SeiWrnen da miaRwies lavrionis mTebs, sadac aTenelTa ver cxlis sabadoebi mdebareobda. maT jer peloponesis mopir dapire sanapiro dalaSqres, Semdeg ki – evbeasa da androsis mxares mdebare. periklesi, romelic isev aTenelTa strate gosad rCeboda, akavebda maT brZolaSi Cabmisagan. rodesac mtris laSqari paraliis olqSi daTareSobda, periklesma brZana asi xomaldis aRWurva peloponesis napire bis dasalaSqrad. xomaldebze oTxi aTasi hopliti da samasi mxedari dasxes (es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac gemebi kavaleriis gadasayvanad moawyves). laSqrobas SeuerTdnen qioselebi da lesboselebi ormocdaaTi xomaldiT. eskadra Tavdapirvelad epidavross daesxa Tavs, qveyana aaoxra, mag ram qalaqi ver aiRo. Semdeg troiZene, h H aliasi da hermionisi gaaCanaga. bolos aTenelebi lakoniis sanapiro qalaq prasiass miadgnen. qveyana daarbies, qalaqi aiRes da daangries. roca aTenelebi Sin dabrundnen, peloponeselTa jari atikidan ukve wasuli iyo. sanam peloponeselebi atikaSi iyvnen, aTenelTa xomalde bi ki – zRvaSi, Wiri mZvinvarebda qalaqSic da aTenis jarSic. amboben, rom peloponeselebma atika swored Wiris SiSiT datoves. Tumca am wels maTi atikaSi TareSi yvelaze xan grZlivi iyo da ormoc dRes grZeldeboda. imave zafxuls hagnonma da kleopomposma, periklesis Tanastrategosebma, gadaibares laSqari da eskadra da Tra kiis sanapirosken gaswies qalkidelTa da poteidaielTa wina aRmdeg. maT poteidaias galavans saalyo manqanebi miayenes, magram verc qalaqi aiRes da verc rame sxva warmatebas miaR 82 Tukidide.indd 82 01.04.2013 14:47:13 wies. aTenelebs aqac Wiri daer ia. hagnonma ormoc dReSi oTxi aTasidan aTas xuTasi hopliti dakarga da ukan gabrunda. peloponeselTa meore Semosevam da Wirma aTenelTa ganwyo bileba mkveTrad Secvala. isini perikless adanaSaulebdnen yvela ubedurebaSi, lakedemonelebTan ki dazaveba gadawy vites da elCebic ki gagzavnes, magram Sedegs ver miaRwies. moqalaqeTa gasamxneveblad periklesma saxalxo kreba moiwvia da SekrebilT ase mimarTa: `me velodi Tqvens aRSfoTebas, mesmis amis mizezi da Seg kribeT, raTa migiTiToT, rom usamarTlod msayvedurobT da gasaWirs nebdebiT. Cemi azriT, qveynis ayvaveba met sargebels moutans calkeul moqalaqes, vidre erTeulTa keTildReoba saerTo dacemis pirobebSi. rogor kargadac unda misdiodes saqme kerZo pirs, samSoblos daRupva misTvisac sabediswero iqneba, xolo bednier qveyanaSi uiRblosac aqvs saqmis gamos worebis imedi. amdenad, radgan qveyanas SeuZlia calkeul moqalaqeTa ubedurebis atana, moqalaqe ki ver gadaitans qveynis ubedurebas, umjobesia erTad davicvaT samSoblo da ar moiqceT ise, rogorc axla iqceviT: sakuTar gasaWirSi Caflulebi aRar zrunavT qveyanaze, msayvedurobT me, rom omi girCieT, da sayvedurobT sakuTar Tavs, rom damijereT. Tqven brazobT kacze, visac sxvaze naklebad ar esmis, rogor unda saxelmwifo saqmeebis gaZRola, visac SeuZlia amis sxvis Tvis axsna, visac uangarod uyvars samSoblo. vinc saqmeSi kargad erkveva, magram sxvisTvis axsna ar SeuZlia, arafriT sjobs umecars. visac orive xelewifeba, niWieric aris da mWevrmetyvelic, magram qveynisadmi siyvaruli ar amoZra vebs, is ar mogcemT karg rCevas; da bolos, visac samSoblo uyvars, magram fuli urCevnia, is yvelafers gayidis. amitom, Tu neba momeciT damerwmunebineT, rom omi dagewyoT, radgan fiqrobdiT, rom saxelmwifo moRvawisTvis saWiro Tvisebebi sxvaze metad mqonda, axla ar gaqvT mizezi damadanaSauloT. 83 Tukidide.indd 83 01.04.2013 14:47:13 Tu xelsayrel mdgomareobaSi xar da omsa da mSvidobas Soris arCevanis gakeTeba SegiZlia, omis dawyeba ugunureba iqneba. magram Tu unda gaakeToT arCevani mtrisTvis daTmobasa da damoukideblobisaTvis brZolas Soris, maSin xifaTisTvis Tavis arideba ar ivargebs. me isev Cems azrze vdgavar, Tqven ki SeicvaleT. Tqven damijereT, magram rodesac gasaWiri mog vadga, inaneT da Cemi rCeva mcdarad geCvenebaT. Cemi gegmis mZime Sedegi axla naTlad Cans, xolo upiratesobas jer yvela ver mimxvdara da bedis mZime da moulodneli dartymebis Sem deg giWirT Tqvens Zvel gadawyvetilebebs mihyveT. marTalia, aseTi dartyma Zneli gadasatania da aryevs adamianis sakuTar ZalebSi rwmenas. Tqvenc ase dagemarTaT, pirvel rigSi, Wiris gamo. magram diad i qveynis moqalaqeebs marTebT gansacdelis Rirseulad gadatana. unda daiv iwyoT piradi gasaWiri da erTi miznis garSemo gaerTiandeT. rac Seexeba Tqvens eWvebs, rom omi gaWianurdeba da Cven ver gavimarjvebT, maT gasaqarveblad isic kmara, rac araerTxel miTqvams TqvenTvis. minda kidev erTi upiratesoba giTxraT, rac adre ar Tqmula – Cveni qveynis Zliereba. arc axla vitra baxebdi, Tqven rom sruliad usafuZvlod ase daTrgunulebi ar iyoT. Tqven ggoniaT, rom mokavSireebze mbrZaneblobT, me ki getyviT, rom dedamiwis zedapiris ori nawilidan – zRva da xmeleTi – erTi mTlianad Tqven gekuTvniT. verc erTi mefe, verc erTi xalxi amas win ver aRudgeba. amitom Cveni sazR vao Zalebi me bevrad mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia, vidre kerZo saxlebi da miwa, ris dakargvasac ase mistiriT. es didad ar unda gadardebdeT. Tu Tavisuflebas SevinarCunebT, dana kargi erTiaTad aginazRaurdebaT, sxvisi batonobis qveS ki yvelafers davkargavT. viyoT Cveni winaprebis Rirseuli STamomavlebi da Tamamad vibrZoloT. im sapatio mdgomareobis SesanarCuneblad, riTac ase vama yobT, mTeli Zalebi unda davZaboT. nu fiqrobT, TiTqos mono 84 Tukidide.indd 84 01.04.2013 14:47:13 ba gvemuqreba. Tu Zalauflebas davkargavT, safrTxe gvelis maTgan, visac is sZulda. Zalauflebaze uaris Tqma ukve aRar SegviZlia, Tundac es dRes keTilSobil mSvidobian nabijad davsaxoT. Cveni Zalaufleba tiranias hgavs, is usamarTlobiT miiRweva, masze uaris Tqma ki saxifaToa. vinc amas girCevT, qveyanas Rupavs. mSvidobiani politika damRupvelia, Tu mas gadamwyveti moqmedebiT ar amagreb. did saxelmwifos is ara fers argebs, mxolod mas gamoadgeba, visac usafrTxo monobaSi surs cxovreba. nu ahyvebiT amgvar rCevebs da nu javrobT Cemze Cveni erTob livi gadawyvetilebis gamo mxolod imitom, rom mteri Cvens qveyanaSi SemoiWra. man is qna, rasac velodiT. moul odneli Wiri iyo. swored man gangawyoT Cem winaaRmdeg, magram es usa marTlobaa, moulodnel warmatebasac me xom ar momawerdiT? RmerTebis mier movlenili gansacdeli udrtvinvelad unda miviRoT, xolo sabrZolo – mxned. aTenSi adre ase iyo da ar Rirs am wesis Secvla. gamxnevdiT im azriT, rom Cveni qveyana sirTuleebs arasdros SeSinebia da amitom miaRwia dRevandel didebas. xsovna mis Sesaxeb samudamod darCeba. emaxsovrebaT, rom Cven davimorCileT elinuri qveynebis didi nawili, movi geT mravali omi da Cveni qveyana uZlieresad da umdidresad vaqcieT. marTalia, susti gagvkicxavs, magram mamaci Segve jibreba, da Tu ver gagvitolda, Cveni SeSurdeba. Tu axla bevrs vZulvarT, ras izam, aseTia Zlieris bedi. magram vinc siZulvils didi miznis miRwevisaTvis imkis, sworad iqceva. siZulvili gaivlis, saxeli ki darCeba. Tqven ki gaxsovdeT, ra mogvitans saxels da eswrafodeT mas. lakedemonelebTan molaparakeba ki ar gindaT, nu aCvenebT, rom gasaWirma dag TrgunaT. Rirseuli swored isaa – qveyana iqneba Tu kaci – vinc gansacdels medgrad xvdeba.~ ase cdilobda periklesi moqalaqeTa ukmayofilebis dac xromas da maT gamxnevebas. xalxi mihyva mis rCevas, lakedemo 85 Tukidide.indd 85 01.04.2013 14:47:13 nelebTan elCebi aRar gaugzavniaT da omsac meti mondomebiT moekidnen, magram Tavs datexil ubedurebebs mainc Znelad itandnen. Raribebma is mciredic dakarges, rac aqamde hqon daT, xolo mdidrebs umZimdaT atikaSi mamulebis dakargva da cxovrebis niris Secvla. periklesis winaaRmdeg gaRizianeba manam ar Camcxrala, sanam mas fuladi sasjeli ar daakisres. Tumca, cota xnis Semdeg, rogorc es brbos sCvevia, mas kvlav sardloba da qveynis marTva Caabares. calkeuli moqalaqe ebi Seeguvnen pirad danakargs, xolo rogorc saxelmwifo moRvawe, periklesi saukeTeso iyo. mSvidobian drosac is brZnulad da samarTlianad marTavda qveyanas da omis mniS vnelobac sworad Seaf asa. omis dawyeb idan periklesma kidev orweliwadnaxevari icocxla. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg aTe nelebi darwmundnen, ramdenad swori iyo misi gaTvlebi. igi aTenelebs gamarjvebas uwinaswarmetyvelebda, Tu isini ar Seebmodnen metoqes brZolis velze, ganamtkicebdnen sazR vao Zalebs da uars ityodnen axal dapyrobebze omis dros. aTenelebma yvelaferi ukuRma qnes. omTan erTi SexedviT daukavSirebel saqmeebSic ki maTi politika calkeuli pire bis pativmoyvareobiTa da sixarbiT iyo nakarnaxevi da ara qveynis da misi mokavSireebis interesebiT. am wamowyebebSi warmatebas sargebeli mxolod erTeulebisTvis mohqonda, marcxi ki mTeli qveynisa da omis Sedgomi msvlelobisaTvis iyo damRupveli. gamWriax da mousyidav perikless Tanamoqa laqeeb i usazRvro pativs scemdnen. igi ar zRudavda xalxis Tavisuflebas, magram arc brbos nebas hyveboda, ufro Tvi Ton miuZRoda xalxs. is ar eswrafoda Zalauflebas nebismier fasad, ar epirfereboda xalxs da sakuTari saxelis wyalobiT mis winaaRmdeg gamosvlac SeeZlo. mas SeeZlo sifrTxilis ken moewodebina, Tu xalxs windauxedavi, Tavxeduri idea moxiblavda, an gaemxnevebina gansacdelSi sasowarkveTili Tanamoqalaqeebi. amas demokratia erqva, sinamdvileSi ki 86 Tukidide.indd 86 01.04.2013 14:47:13 es pirveli moqalaqis mmarTveloba iyo. mis memkvidreTagan arc erTi moRvawe ar gamoirCeoda sxvaTagan, magram yvelas pirveloba surda da xalxis keTilganwyobis mosapoveblad saxelmwifo interessac aras dagidevdnen. aqedan warmodga mravali Secdoma, maT Soris udidesi iyo siciliuri laSqroba. is marcxiT dasrulda swored mmarTvelTa SeuTanxmeblobis gamo, romlebic laSqrobis warmatebaze ki ara, sakuTarze fiqrobdnen, riTac sabolood awewes saxelmwifo saqmeebi. siciliaze katastrofis Semdegac ki, aTeni, miuxedavad imisa, rom laSqrisa da xomaldebis didi nawili dakarga, kidev sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ibrZoda. maT mowinaaRmdegeTa rigebs am droisaTvis Seematnen sicilielebi, gandgomili mokavSire ebi da sparselTa mefis Ze kirosi. ase daadastura realobam periklesis sityvebi, rom mxolod peloponeselebTan brZo laSi aTens iolad SeeZlo gamarjveba. imave zafxuls lakedemonelTa eskadra asi xomaldisa da aTasi hoplitis SemadgenlobiT Tavs daesxa ZakinToss. kun Zuli aaoxres, magram ver daimorCiles da ukan gabrundnen. zafxulis miwuruls korinTeli aristevsi da pelopone selTa sxva elCebi gaemgzavrnen aziaSi mefisaTvis daxmarebis saTxovnelad. gzad TrakiaSi sitalkess Sexvdnen da Seecad nen mis gadabirebas. am dros SemTxveviT TrakiaSi aTeneli elCebic iyvnen. maT daarwmunes sadokosi, sitalkesis vaJi da aTenis moqalaqe, Seepyro lakedemonelebi da aTenelTaT vis gadaeca isini. aTenSi tyveeb i gausamarTleblad daxoces (radgan eSinodaT, rom cocxlad gadarCenili aristevsi maT kidev bevr zians moutanda) da gvamebi ufskrulSi gadayares. aTenelebi ar miiCnevdnen amas usamarTlod, radgan tyveebs amgvarad pirvelad lakedemonelebi moepyrnen. daaxloebiT imave dros aTenelebma gagzavnes ocdaaTi xomaldi formionis sardlobiT amprakielebisa da amfilo qielTa argoss Soris konfliqtis mosagvareblad. formionma 87 Tukidide.indd 87 01.04.2013 14:47:14 amfiloqielebs qalaqi daubruna da akarnanielebTan dado kavSiri. momdevno zamTars aTenelebma peloponesis wylebSi gagzav nes formioni oci xomaldiT. navpaqtosidan man korinTelebs zRvaSi gasasvleli gadauketa. eqvsi xomaldi melesandrosis sardlobiT kariasa da likiaSi gaigzavna xarkis asakrefad da savaWro xomaldebis mekobreTagan dasacavad. likiaSi melesan drosi damarcxda, razmis nawili dakarga da Tavadac daiRupa. imave zamTars potideelebma veRar gauZles alyas da aTe nelTa sardalTan, qsenofonTan molaparakeba daiwyes dane bebis pirobebze. sardalma winadadeba siamovnebiT miiRo, radgan jars zamTarSi alyis gagrZeleba uWirda, Tanac masze ukve ori aTasi talanti daixarja. poteidaiel ebs qalaqidan uvneblad gasvlis, TiTo xeli tansacmlisa da cotaodeni fuli waRebisa da qalkidikaSi gadasaxlebis ufleba misces. aTenelebma sardlebi daadanaSaules zavis pirobebis TviT neburad dadgenaSi, Semdeg ki poteidaiaSi kolonistebi gag zavnes. ase dasrulda omis meor e weli. momdevno zafxuls peloponeselebma arqidamosis sar dlobiT plateaze gailaSqres. plateelebma Seaxsenes arqi damoss, rom qalaqis kedlebTan midielTa damarcxebis Semdeg lakedemonelma pavsaniasma msxverpli Seswira zevss, xolo qveyana plateelebs daubruna, raTa maT Tavisuflad emarTaT sakuTari bedi. maTi damoukideblobis garanti yvela mokav Sire unda yofiliyo. axla ki lakedemonelebi fics arRveven, radgan TebelebTan erTad Tavs esxmian plateas. arqidamosma miug o: `Tqveni saCivari samarTliani iqneboda, Tqven rom damoukideblebi iyoT da Tqveni yofili mokavSire ebis, aTenelTa batonobisgan ganTavisuflebisaTvis ibrZo deT. es omi xom swored elinTa TavisuflebisaTvis daiwyo. umjobesia, Cven SemogvierTdeT an Tu es ar gsurT, daicvaT neitraliteti da Tqvens saqmeebs mixedoT.~ plateelebma es 88 Tukidide.indd 88 01.04.2013 14:47:14 piroba ver miiRes, radgan ojaxebi aTenSi hyavdaT gaxiznuli da ar arsebobda garantia, rom aTenelebi maT RalatisaTvis ar dasjidnen. maSin arqidamosma SesTavaza plateelebs, omis dasrulebamde lakedemonelTaTvis CaebarebinaT qalaqi da miwa. igi maT omis Semdeg mTeli qonebis ukan dabrunebas hpir deboda, omis dros ki – maTi miwidan aRebuli mosavlis wils. plateelebma dro iTxoves, raTa aTenelebTan moeTaTbiraT. aTenelebTan molaparakebebis Semdeg plateelebma gadawy vites, ar daerRviaT maTTan kavSiri da medgrad Sexvedrodnen gansacdels. maTi pasuxi rom moismina, arqidamosma warmoTqva: `plateis mfarvelo RmerTebo da gmirebo! damemowmeT, rom Cven Tavidanve kanonierad movediT aq, radgan plateelebma pirvelebma daarRvies fici. am miwaze Cvenma winaprebma mogix mes saSvelad da Tqveni daxmarebiT sZlies midiel ebs. Cven ar viqceviT usamarTlod, radgan Cveni samarTliani winadadebe bi uaryves. dagvexmareT maT dasjaSi, vinc pirvelma Caidina usamarTloba.~ arqidamosma brZana sabrZolo moqmedebaTa dawyeba. pir vel rigSi qalaqs xis meseri da miwayrili Semoavles. imdeni kaci muSaobda, rom qalaqis swrafad aRebis imedi hqondaT. miwayrils orive mxridan xis jebiri gaukeTes, zemodan ki daayares fiCxi, qva, miwa da yvelaferi, rac xelSi moxvdaT. lakedemonelebi cvlebSi muSaobdnen samocdaaTi dRe-Rame. rodesac plateelebma dainaxes, rom miwayrili sul maRla miiwevda, mis gaswvriv galavans damatebiTi zRude daaSenes. xis konstruqcia aguriT amoaSenes da almodebuli isrebisgan dasacavad tyavi Semoakres. koSki swrafad izrdeboda, magram arc miwayrili CamorCeboda. maSin plateel ebma Semdeg xriks mimarTes: maT miwayrilis maxloblad kedeli gamoangries da am xvreliT miwis gatana daiwyes. peloponeselebma es rom SeniSnes, moklebuli miwis adgi las TixiT savse lerwmisgan dawnuli godrebi Cayares, rad 89 Tukidide.indd 89 01.04.2013 14:47:14 gan maT miwasaviT iolad ver gait andnen. maSin plateel ebma miwayrilis qveS gvirabi gaTxares da iqidan daiwyes miwis gatana. mteri didxans verafers xvdeboda, bejiTad muSaob dnen, magram saqme win ar midioda. plateelebs mainc eSinodaT, rom mravalricxovan mters xangrZlivad ver Seejibrebodnen da sxva zomebsac mimarTes. maT Sewyvites galavanze koSkis mSenebloba da daiwyes damatebiTi Sida kedlis amoyvana. Tu mteri pirvel kedels aiRebda, mas meore gadaeRobeboda da igi isrebisaTvis kargi samizne gaxdeboda. amasobaSi lakede monelebma miwayrili daasrules da qalaqs saalyo manqanebi miayenes. erTma taranma ise Searyia miwayrilis sapirispirod agebuli koSki, rom plateelebi SiSma moicva. taranebi kedlis sxva adgilebTanac miiyvanes. plateelebi yulfs esrodnen tarans, Tavs aawevinebdnen da amiT mas Zalas akargvinebdnen. garda amisa, maT rkinis jaWvebiT kedlebze dakides uzar mazari morebi, romlebsac ucbad qvemoT uSvebden, riTic tarans azianebdnen. mas mere, rac tarani usargeblo gamodga da plateel ebma miwayrilis gaswvriv axali damcavi jebiri aages, peloponese lebi mixvdnen, rom ase qalaqs ver aiRebdnen da daiwyes qalaqis garSemo kedlis mSeneblobisTvis samzadisi. magram manamde xelsayreli qaris pirobebSi qalaqis gadawvas Seec adnen. saer Tod, isini cdilobdnen qalaqi didi danaxarjebisa da namdvili alyis gareSe aeRoT. amisaTvis miwayrilsa da kedels Soris fiCxi Cayares, qalaqSic Semoyares, sadamdec miswvdnen. Semdeg gogirdiTa da fisiT gaJRenTil fiCxs cecxli waukides. aseTi xanZari mxolod mTebSi gaCenil tyis xanZars Tu Seedreboda. plateelebi mxolod uecarma kokispirulma wvimam gadaarCina. am warumateblobis Semdeg peloponeselebma laSqris didi nawili daiTxoves, qalaqTan mxolod mcire razmi darCa, romelmac kedlis mSenebloba daiwyo. plateelebma ojaxebi jer kidev adre gaxiznes aTenSi. qalaqSi alyis dros darCe 90 Tukidide.indd 90 01.04.2013 14:47:14 nili iyo oTxas oTxmoci plateeli, samasi aTeneli da as aTi mzareuli qali. imave zafxuls aTenelebma gagzavnes qsenofoni ori aTasi hoplitiTa da orasi mxedriT Trakiis sanapiroze qalkidele bisa da botieebis winaaRmdeg. aTenelebi spartoloss miadgnen da yanebis gaCanagebas Seudgnen. maT imedi hqondaT, rom zogi moqalaqis daxmarebiT aiRebdnen qalaqs. magram umravlesoba ar daTanxmda da daxmareba olinsidan gamoiZaxes. Tavdapir velad aTenelebma sZlies qalkidel hoplitebs, romlebmac qalaqs Seaf ares Tavi, magram ver gauZles mtris mxedrobis Setevas. sabolood aTenelebs poteidaiaSi mouw iaT dabruneba. maT dakarges oTxas ocdaaTi mebrZoli, maT Soris, sardlebic. imave zafxuls amprakielebma da qaon ebma, romlebsac mTeli akarnaniis damorCileba surdaT, daarwmunes lakedemonelebi, maTTvis eskadra da hoplitebi gaegzavnaT. akarnaniis dapy robiT isini ZakinTossa da kefaleniasac daimorCilebdnen da aTenelebs peloponesis garSemo curvas gaurTulebdnen. SeiZleboda navpaqtosic CaegdoT xelSi. lakedemonelebma gagzavnes ramdenime xomaldi da aTasi hopliti navarqos kne mosis sardlobiT. mokavSireTa xomaldebi mogvianebiT unda misuliyvnen levkadasTan, sadac ZiriTad Zalebs levkadis, anaqtoriis a da amprakiis eskadrebi ukve elodnen. knemosma navpaqtosTan mdgom formions SeumCnevlad Cauara da saxme leTo operaciisTvis daiwyo samzadisi. mis gankargulebaSi elinTagan iyvnen amprakiel ebi, anaqtoriel ebi, levkadelebi da aTasi peloponeseli, barbarosTagan – qaonebi, Tesprotebi da sxvebi. perdikamac aTenelTagan farulad aTasi makedone li miaSvela, magram maT daagviandaT. knemosi aRar daeloda korinTelTa xomaldebs da am ZalebiT daiZra argosis olqis gavliT. man daangria limnea da miadga akarnaniis udides qalaqs, stratoss. mas imedi hqonda, rom Tu am qalaqs aiReb da, danarCenebi iaraRs dayridnen. 91 Tukidide.indd 91 01.04.2013 14:47:14 akarnanielebma gadawyvites erTiani ZalebiT ki ar Sebmod nen Zlier mters, aramed yvela qalaqs damoukideblad daecva Tavi. formionsac sTxoves daxmareba, magram is navpaqtoss ver tovebda korinTelTa eskadris molodinSi. amasobaSi peloponeselebi da maTi mokavSireeb i sam jgufad miuaxlov dnen stratoss. erTmaneTisagan sakmaod daSorebuli razmebi erTmaneTs ver xedavdnen. elinebi salaSqro wyobiT midiodnen saTanado sifrTxilis dacviT, sanam banakisaTvis mosaxerxe beli adgili ar ipoves. Tavdajerebul qaon ebs ki arc ufiq riaT banakis mowyoba da pirdapir qalaqze miitanes ieriSi. qalaqidan droulad SeamCnies momxvdurebi da gadawyvites, Tu barbarosebs elinTa mosvlamde daamarcxeben, elinebma SeiZleba aRarc isurvon Tavdasxma. isini qalaqis misadgo mebTan ramdenime adgilas Causafrdnen mters da rodesac is miuaxlovda, moulodnelad ramdenime mimarTulebiT Seu ties maT. qaonebi Sedrknen da sastikad damarcxdnen. es rom dain axes, sxva barbarosebmac gaqceviT uSveles Tavs. elinTa razmebma brZolis Sesaxeb araferi icodnen. maT egonaT, rom barbarosebi adgils eZebdnen banakisaTvis. gamoqceul ebi rom naxes, Seifares da erTi dRe banakSi darCnen. stratoselebi ar dasxmian maT Tavs sxva akarnanelTa damxmare Zalis molo dinSi, mxolod SurduliT qvebs esrodnen Soridan. RamiT knemosma ukan daixia oTxmoci stadioniT, Semdeg ki samSobloSi dabrunda. stratoselebma ki barbarosebze gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. korinTelTa eskadra ver mivida knemosis dasaxmareblad, radgan stratosTan brZolis dRes formionis eskadras Tan mouxda Setakeba zRvaze. formioni mtris xomaldebs yuridan gamosasvlelSi darajobda. korinTelebi sazRvao brZolisTvis ki ara, akarnaniaze laSqrobis mosamzadeblad gavidnen. maT ver warmoedginaT, rom aTenelTa oci xomaldi maT ormocdaSvid xomalds gaubedavda Tavdasxmas. maT aTene 92 Tukidide.indd 92 01.04.2013 14:47:14 lebi maSin SeamCnies, rodesac sruteSi gadiodnen da, radgan SeumCnevlad veRar wavidodnen, iqve mouwiaT brZolaSi Cabma. peloponeselTa xomaldebi wriulad ganlagdnen, cxviriT gareT, SuaS i ki ganalages patara gemebi da ramdenime swraf mavali xomaldi, romlebic iq unda misuliyvnen saSvelad, sadac mteri Seutevda. aTenelebma ki xomaldebi gaamwkrives. isini gars uvlidnen mowinaaRmdeges da aviwroebdnen mas. ise axlos midiodnen, TiTqos Tavdasxmas apirebdnen, magram formion isgan nabrZa nebi hqondaT misi niSnis gareSe brZola ar daewyoT. sardals imedi hqonda, rom mowinaaRmdege wyobas ver SeinarCunebda, gemebi erTmaneTs Seejaxeboda, mcire xomaldebi ki areul o bas gaamZafrebda. formion is swrafmaval xomaldebs SeeZlo TavdasxmisaTvis yvelaze xelsayrel moments dalodeboda. marTlac, dilas qarma daubera da peloponeselTa wyoba aria. xomaldebi erTmaneTs ejaxeboda, gamoucdeli meniCbeebi Tavs ver arTmevdnen saqmes, xmaurSi ki brZanebebi ar esmodaT. swo red am dros misca formionma Tavdasxmis niSani. aTenelebma flagmani CaZires da daerien dabneul mters. maT Tormeti xomaldi igdes xelT, danarCenebi ki gaaqcies. maT gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes rionis koncxze, poseidons xomaldi miarTves ZRvnad da navpaqtosSi dabrundnen. peloponeselTa eskadris narCenebi ki levkadidan dabrunebul knemoss SeuerTdnen. lakedemonelebma mZimed ganicades es marcxi. isini pir velad Seecadnen sazRvao brZola gaemarTaT da ver warmo edginaT, rom amdenad CamorCebodnen aTenelebs. maT ver gaiTvaliswines, rom axalbedebi SeeWidnen gamocdil zRvaos nebs, sardlebsa da mezRvaurebs adanaSaulebdnen da knemoss mrCevlebic gaugzavnes. sardlobam mokavSireebs axali xomal debis aRWurva da Zvelebis SekeTeba mosTxova. formionmac Seatyob ina aTens mtris samzadisis Sesaxeb da damxmare Zala iTxova. aTenelebma gaugzavnes mas kidev oci xomaldi, mag 93 Tukidide.indd 93 01.04.2013 14:47:14 ram maT jer kretaze Sevla daavales. aTenelTa proqsenosma, nikiasma isini daarwmuna, gaelaSqraT kidonias winaaRmdeg. jer araxelsayrelma qarma, Semdeg ki Stilma es xomaldebi didxans Seayovna gzaSi. sanam aTenis eskadra dros kretaze kargavda, peloponese lebi sazRvao brZolisaTvis gaemzadnen. maTi samocdaCvidme ti xomaldi da formionis eskadra erTmaneTis pirispir idga eqvsi Tu Svid dRes krisaiosis yuris SesasvlelTan. pelo poneselebs axsovdaT TavianTi marcxi da gaSlil zRvaSi ar undodaT gasvla, aTenelebi ki yureSi Sesvlas eridebodnen. peloponeselTa sardlebs aTenelTa damxmare Zalebis mos vlamde undodaT brZolis gamarTva da mezRvaurTa gasamxne veblad kreba moiwvies: `peloponeselebo, cdebiT, Tu Tqven wina marcxis gamo gafiqrebT momavali brZolis bedi. sinamdvileSi SiSis ara nairi safuZveli ar gaqvT. maSin Cven jerovnad momzadebuli ar viyaviT da arc vapirebdiT zRvaze brZolas. sxva SemTxve viTobebic cudad daemTxva. Tanac es Cveni pirveli brZola iyo da gamoucdelobam dagvRupa. ar Rirs gulis gatexa Sem TxveviTi marcxis gamo. SevinarCunoT mxneoba, gamoucdeloba simxdalis gasamarTleblad ver gamodgeba. Tqven arc imdenad CamorCebiT mters gamocdilebiT, ramdenadac aRematebiT vaJ kacobiT. garda amisa, Cveni eskadra mtrisaze Zlieria da Tan Cven sakuTar napirTan vibrZviT mZimed SeWurvili meomrebis mier daculebi. gamarjveba, rogorc wesi, ufro mravalricx ovansa da ukeT SeiaraRebuls rCeba. TiToeu lma Tqvenganma kargad SeasruleT Tqveni saqme, Cven ki ukeT gixelmZRvane lebT, vidre Tqveni adrindeli ufrosebi.~ ase agulianebdnen peloponeseli sardlebi meomrebs. formion ic Sewuxebuli iyo misi xalxis ganwyobiT da Seecada maT gamxnevebas: `me SegkribeT, radgan vxedav, rom mtris raodenobam dagaf 94 Tukidide.indd 94 01.04.2013 14:47:14 rTxoT. ar unda geSinodeT imis, rac saSiSi sulac ar aris. mterma amodena floti imitom Sekriba, rom CvenTan Tanabari brZola SeuZleblad miaCnia. maTi Tavdajerebuloba xme leTze brZolis gamocdilebas emyareba, magram ratomRac fiqroben, rom igi zRvazedac gamoadgebaT. aq ki upirate soba Cvens mxaresaa: simamaciT Tqven maT ar CamouvardebiT, gamocdilebiT ki bevrad sjobixarT. lakedemonelebi mxolod sakuTar didebaze fiqroben da mokavSireebs maTi survilis winaaRmdeg moerekebian sabrZolvelad. wina marcxis Semdeg isini sakuTari nebiT aRar moindomebdnen zRvaze brZolas. nu gafiqrebT maTi simamace, es maT eSiniaT Tqveni, radgan ukve davamarcxeT da axlac vapirebT amis sadari gmirobis Cade nas. adamianTa umravlesoba xom Tanaswor metoqes ebrZvis da sakuTari Zalis imedi ufro aqvs, vidre gambedaobisa. is, vinc mcire ZaliT sakuTari nebiT esxmis mters Tavs, did sima maces iCens. es mtermac icis da swored amitom ufro eSinia Cveni, vidre SeeSindeboda, Zalebi Tanaswori rom iyos. xSirad damarcxebulan mcirericxovan metoqesTan gamoucdelobis an simxdalis gamo. Tqven gamocdili vaJkacebi xarT. me ki ar Seval yureSi sabrZolvelad. iq brZola xels ar gvaZlevs, rad gan xomaldebis siswrafesa da manevrirebas ver gamoviyenebT, brZola saxmeleTos daemsgavseba da ricxobrivi upiratesoba fass SeiZ ens. amas SeZlebisdagvarad gaviTvaliswineb, Tqven ki zustad SeasruleT brZanebebi, daicaviT wesrigi da siCume. iseve mamacad ibrZoleT, rogorc aqamde. mZime brZola gve lis. an peloponeselTa zRvaze gasvlis imeds davasamarebT an aTenelTa batonobas moeReba bolo. gaxsovdeT, rom isini erTxel ukve davamarcxeT da veRar iqnebian uwindeburad Tavdajerebulebi.~ amasobaSi peloponeselebma dainaxes, rom aTenelebi yure Si Sesvlas eridebodnen da maTi iq Setyueba gadawyvites. cru manevriT aiZules formioni yurisaken daZruliyo, Semdeg 95 Tukidide.indd 95 01.04.2013 14:47:14 mkveTrad Semobrundnen da gzis moWra ganizraxes. aTenelTa TerTmetma xomaldma mainc moaswro Ria zRvaSi gasvla, danar Cenebi ki peloponeselebma napirTan miimwyvdies, xomaldebi daazianes, ekipaJi ki, vinc zRvaSi ar gadaxta, amoxoces. ram denime xomalds peloponeselebi buqsiriT miaTrevdnen. maSin mesenielebi mieSvelnen aTenelebs, SeWurvilebi gadaeSvnen zRvaSi, aZvrnen xomaldebze da gembanze xanmokle brZolis Semdeg daibrunes. amdenad, aq peloponeselebma imarjves. maTi marjvena frTis oci xomaldi aTenelTa TerTmet gadarCenil xomalds daedevna. aTma maTganma mdevars miaswro navpaqtosSi da apo lonis samlocvelosTan sabrZolvelad gamzadebuli dadga. peloponeselebi simReriT mocuravdnen, TiTqos ukve gamar jvebulebi yofiliyvnen. erTi levkaduri xomaldi dawinaur da da CamorCenil aTenurs daedevna. es ukanaskneli moef ara iqve reidze mdgom satvirTo gems, uecari ieriSiT gverdi gaurRvia mdevars da CaZira igi. aman Zlier SeaSfoTa pelo poneselebi. wyoba isedac darRveuli hqondaT, axla ki zogi gaCerda, zogma gza ganagrZo da meCeCze aRmoCnda. aTenelebi gamxnevden, sabrZolo yiJiniT Seuties mters da ukuaqcies igi. maT daibrunes gemebi da xelSi Caigdes metoqis eqvsi xomaldi. ekipaJis nawili daxoces, nawili ki tyved aiyvanes. droebiTi dazavebis Semdeg mowinaaRmdegeebma gacvales da dakrZales daRupulebi. orive mxarem aRniSna gamarjveba, gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTa da samadlobeli msxverpli Ses wira. amis Semdeg peloponeselebi swrafad gabrundnen ukan, raTa aTenelTa damxmare eskadras ar Sexvedrodnen. Sors ar iqnebodnen wasuli, rodesac navpaqtosSi kretadan oci ati kuri xomaldi movida. ase dasrulda zafxuli. sanam flots daiTxovdnen, knemosma, brasidasma da sxva peloponeselma sardlebma megarelTa rCeviT pireosze mou lodneli Tavdasxma dagegmes. navsadguri ar iyo daculi, rac 96 Tukidide.indd 96 01.04.2013 14:47:14 zRvaze aTenelTa sruli upiratesobis pirobebSi bunebrivic iyo. Canafiqris mixedviT, mezRvaur ebi farulad unda Sekrebi liyvnen megaraSi, sadac niseas gemsaSenSi gamzadebul ormoc xomaldze dasxdebodnen da pirdapir pireosze gascuravdnen. lakedemonelebma saswrafod daiwyes gegmis ganxorciel eba, niseaSi RamiT mividnen da gemebze dasxdnen, magram araxel sayreli qaris gamo pireosis nacvlad salaminis koncxisaken gaswies. aq mdebareobda saTvalTvalo punqti da idga sami sabrZolo xomaldi. lakedemonelebma xelT igdes isini da kunZuli daarbies. Tavdasxmis ambavi aTens sasignalo cecx liT amcnes. qalaqSi arnaxuli panika atyda. aTenSi egonaT, rom mtris flotma pireosi daik ava, xolo pireosSi fiqrob dnen, rom salamini daeca da mteri navsadgurs uaxlovdeba. peloponeselebs ufro gabedulad rom emoqmedaT, marTla SeZlebdnen navsadguris dakavebas. gamTeniisas aTenelebma pireoss miaSures, xomaldebi ki salaminze gagzavnes. rogorc ki peloponeselebma gaig es, aTenelebi saSvelad daiZrneno, tyveebi da nadavli niseaSi gadaiyvanes, megaridan ki Sin xme leTiT dabrundnen. salaminze aTenelebs mteri aRar daxvda. amis Semdeg maT pireosis dacva gaaZlieres. imave dros, zamTris dasawyisSi, TrakielTa mefe sital kesma gail aSqra makedonelTa mefis perdikas da qalkidelTa winaaRmdeg, raTa mieRo misTvis danapirebi da aTenelTaTvis sakuTari danapirebi Seesrulebina. amitom mas axldnen aminta filipes Ze, romelsac makedoniis taxtze dasmas upirebda, aTeneli elCebi da sardali hagnoni. sitalkesma laSqari Tavis vrcel samflobeloSi Seagrova. misi samefo sanapiros gaswvriv abderidan mdinare istrosis SesarTavamde TerTmeti dRis savali iyo, xmeleTiT, bizanti onidan mdinare strimonamde – cameti dRisa. zomiTa da sim didriT evropaSi mis qveyanas veravin Seedreboda, samxedro ZaliT ki mxolod skviTebi aRematebodnen. am mxriv, skviTebs 97 Tukidide.indd 97 01.04.2013 14:47:14 evropasa da aziaSi badali ar eyolebodaT, erTianni rom yofi liyvnen. keTilgonierebisa da cxovrebis donis mxriv skviTebi CamorCebian sxva xalxebs. aseTi Zlevamosili qveynis mefe agrovebda laSqars. samza diss rom morCa, makedoniaSi SeiWra. gadmocemiT, mis laSqarSi as ormocdaaTi aTasi kaci iyo, maTgan ori mesamedi – qveiTi da erTi mesamedi – mxedrebi. laSqari Wreli iyo da misi Zala, ZiriTadad, simravleSi mdgomareobda. makedonelebi am uzarmazar jars aSkara winaaRmdegobas ver uwevdnen da mxolod mxedrebis TavdasxmebiT kmayofilde bodnen. sitalkesma umtkivneulod daikava odesRac filipes kuTvnili miwebi da makedoniis gaCanagebas Seudga. man molaparakeba daiwyo perdikasTan im sakiTxebze, rac omis mizezi gaxda. aTenelebma ar miaSveles eskadra, radgan ar sjerodaT, rom sitalkesi laSqars Sekrebda, da elCebisa da saCuqrebis gagzavnas dasjerdnen. amao lodinis Semdeg sitalkesma jaris nawili qalkidelebisa da botieebis wina aRmdeg gagzavna, isini cixeebSi Caketa da maTi miwis rbeva daiwyo. elinebi daZabulad adevnebdnen Tvals mis qmedebebs da iRebdnen zomebs im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu is samxreTisken daiZvreboda. sitalkesi ki qalkidikasa da makedoniaSi rCebo da da iqaurobas aCanagebda. man ver miaRwia mizans, ris gamoc omi wamoiwyo. garda amisa, laSqari sakvebis naklebobam da zamTris susxma Seawuxa. maSin man usmina perdikas mier mosyi duli ZmisSvilis, sevTosis rCevas da ukan gabrunda. imave zamTars, peloponesis flotis daTxovnis Semdeg, aTenelebma formionis sardlobiT navpaqtosidan sazRvao laSqroba wamoiwyes. isini gadasxdnen astakosTan, akarnaniaS i Sevidnen, stratosidan da sxva qalaqebidan gandevnes arasa imedo pirebi da ukan dabrundnen, radgan zamTarSi maTdami mtrulad ganwyobil oiniadas ver dalaSqravdnen. formion i akarnaniidan navpaqtosSi dabrunda, gazafxulze 98 Tukidide.indd 98 01.04.2013 14:47:14 ki aTenSi Cavida da sazRvao brZolebSi mopovebuli nadavli Caiyvana: Tavisuflad Sobili tyveebi da mtris xomaldebi. tyveebi Semdeg kaci kacSi gacvales. ase dasrulda zamTari da masTan erTad omis mesame weli. 99 Tukidide.indd 99 01.04.2013 14:47:14 mesame wigni Semdeg zafxuls peloponeselebi da maTi mokavSireebi mefe arqidamosis sardlobiT SeiWrnen atikaSi, dabanakdnen da yanebis rbeva daiwyes. aTenelTa mxedrebi axlac awuxeb dnen mters da msubuqad SeiaraRebul qveiTebs banakidan gasvlis saSualebas ar aZlevdnen. peloponeselebi maragis amowurvamde qveyanaSi darCnen, Semdeg ki ukan gabrundnen. peloponeselTa SemosevisTanave aTenelebs aujanydnen les boselebi. isini jer kidev omis win fiqrobdnen gandgomas, magram maSin lakedemonelTa daxmareba ver miiR es, axlac jer ar iyvnen mzad ajanyebisTvis da ufro adre mouwiaT amis gake Teba, vidre apirebdnen. isini elodnen navsadguris damcavi dambisa da qalaqis galavnis mSeneblobis damTavrebas, aseve xomaldebis aRWurvas. agreTve, damxmare Zalasa da sursaTs. Tumca aTenelebi gaafrTxiles, rom mitilene kunZulis gaer Tianebasa da ajanyebas apirebda da maT zomebi unda mieR oT, raTa kunZuli ar daekargaT. omisa da Wirisgan gatanjul aTenelebs ar surdaT axali omi lesbosTan, amitom arc ijerebdnen am Worebs. rodesac aTenelma elCebma ver moaxerxes lesboselTa darwmuneba, 100 Tukidide.indd 100 01.04.2013 14:47:14 gadawyvites daeswroT ajanyebisTvis da moul odnelad gagzav nes lesbosze peloponesisken gasamgzavreblad gamzadebuli ormoci xomaldisgan Semdgari eskadra. aTenelebma icodnen, rom kunZulze apolonis pativsacemad dResaswauli imarTe boda da am dros fiqrobdnen Tavdasxmas. Tu gamouvidodaT, xom kargi, Tu ara, mitilenelebs mosTxovdnen xomaldebis daTmobas da galavnis dangrevas, uaris miRebis SemTxvevaSi ki oms daiwyebdnen. aTenelebi zRvaSi gavidnen da mitilene dan, xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad, gamogzavnili aTi trieris ekipaJi tyved aiyvanes. viRacam gaafrTxila mitilenelebi aTenelTa Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb. isini aRar wavidnen apolonis zeimze da qalaqis gamagrebas Seudgnen. eskadris sardlobam mas Semdeg, rac moulodneli Tavdasxma CaiSala, mitilenelebs moTxovna wauyena, xolo uaris Semdeg saom ari moqmedebebi daiwyo. mitilenelebi amisTvis ar iyvnen jerovnad momzade buli. maTi xomaldebi gamovidnen navsadguridan, raTa brZola gaem arTaT, magram aTenelebma isini male ukuaqcies. mitilene lebma molaparakeba daiwyes aTenelebTan, raTa met-naklebad misaReb pirobebSi daexsnaT Tavi maTi eskadrisgan. aTenelma sardlebma miiRes maTi winadadeba, radgan SiSobdnen, rom ar eyofodaT Zala mTeli kunZulis winaaRmdeg saomrad. daza vebis Semdeg mitilenelebma gagzavnes elCebi aTenSi, magram, radgan am elCobis warmatebis imedi ar hqondaT, farulad lakedemonelebsac gaugzavnes kaci daxmarebis TxovniT. aTenSi warumatebeli elCobis Semdeg, mitilenelebma omi gadawyvites. meTimna, imbrosi da lemnosi aTenelTa erTgu lebi darCnen. mitilenelebi Tavs daesxnen aTenelTa banaks. marTalia, ar damarcxebulan, magram mainc ver gabedes brZo lis velze darCena, da qalaqSi Sebrundnen. amis Semdeg isini, peloponeselTa daxmarebis molodinSi, ver bedavdnen aqtiur moqmedebebs. maTTan movidnen jer kidev ajanyebamde gamog zavnili lakedemoneli da Tebeli elCebi, romlebmac urCies 101 Tukidide.indd 101 01.04.2013 14:47:14 axali elCoba gaegzavnaT lakedemonSi, rac mitilenelebma gaakeTes kidec. mowinaaRmdegeTa umoqmedobam gaamxneva aTenelebi da maTi mokavSireebi. maT moaxerxes qalaqis blokireba zRvidan da, nawilobriv, xmeleTidanac, Tumca kunZulis didi nawili ajanyebulTa xelSi rCeboda. imave zafxuls, daaxloebiT imave dros, aTenelebma gagzav nes peloponesis sanapirosken ocdaaTi xomaldisgan Semdgari eskadra asopiosis, formionis Zis sardlobiT. maT daarbi es lakoniis sanapiro, Semdeg asopiosi Tormeti xomaldiT navpaqtosSi gaemgzavra, xolo danarCeni xomaldebi saxlSi gagzavna. man Sekriba akarnanelTa laSqari da gaemarTa oini adasis winaaRmdeg. xomaldebi mdinare aqelooss auyvnen, qveiTi jari ki qveyanas aCanagebda. maT qalaqi ver aiRes. ukan daxevisas asopiosi razmis nawilTan erTad daiRupa. daza vebis Semdeg aTenelebma daibrunes daRupulTa gvamebi da zRvaSi gavidnen. amasobaSi mitilenelTa elCebi Cavidnen olimpiaSi. lakedemonelebma isini swored iq daibares, raTa yvelas moesmina maTi saTxovari. es is olimpiada iyo, sadac rodoselma dorievsma meor ed gaim arjva. zeimis dasrulebis Semdeg, elCebma SekrebilT ase mimarTes: `CvenTvis cnobilia elinTa damokidebuleba im adami anTa mimarT, vinc omis dros mokavSireebs miatovebs. maT siamovnebiT iReben, Tu isini saWiro arian, magram pativs ar scemen. aseTi azri gamarTlebulia, Tu saqme exeba Tanaswor saxelmwifoTa daSorebas safuZvliani mizezis gareSe. Cve ni damokidebulebebi aTenelebTan ar aris aseTi da veravin dagvabralebs, rom Cven maT mZime dros vtovebT, xolo isini mSvidobianobis Jams kargad gveqceodnen. radgan Cveni mizani TqvenTan kavSiria, pirvel rigSi, samar Tlianobasa da Rirsebas SevexoT. Cven viciT, rom ar SeiZleba arsebobdes megobroba adamianebs an qveynebs Soris, Tu isini 102 Tukidide.indd 102 01.04.2013 14:47:14 ar endobian erTmaneTs da ar aqvT msgavsi miswrafebebi. gan sxvavebul azrebs moqmedebaSi gansxvavebebi mohyveba. Cven aTe nelebTan kavSiri davamyareT mas mere, rac Tqven gamoeT iSeT midiel ebTan oms, isini ki darCnen brZolis dasasruleblad. Cven arasodes vyofilvarT aTenelTa mokavSireebi eline bis damorCilebisken swrafvaSi. Cven maTTan erTad viyaviT, sanam isini rogorc TanasworT ise gvepyrobodnen da midie lebs ebrZodnen. Cven SevSfoTdiT, rodesac SevatyveT, rom aTenelebs mokavSireebze batonoba surT. mokavSireebi ver gaerTiandnen aTenelTa winaaRmdeg da TandaTanobiT yvela maT damorCilda qioselebisa da Cven garda. damouk ideblebi gverqva, magram maT mxareze unda gvebrZola. axla Cven veRar vandobT aTenelebs Cvens xelmZRvanelobas. daujerebelia, rom sxva mokavSireTa damorCilebis Semdeg Cveni damonebac ar moindomon. sxvebs rom damoukidebloba SeenarCunebinaT, Cvenc gveq neboda imedi. aTeni gaZlierda da uWirda CvenTan Tanaswori urTierTobis SenarCuneba. kavSiris simtkicis sawindari mxo lod erTmaneTis ridia. misi darRvevisagan erT-erT mxares sakuTari sisustis SegrZneba akavebs. Cven aTenma damouki debloba mxolod imitom dagvitova, rom batonobis miRweva tkbili sityviT amjobina. Cven ki maT vemsaxurebodiT da maTi saqmis samarTlianobis sabuTadac vadgebodiT. aTenelebi Zliers sustis winaaRmdeg iyenebdnen. Cven, rogorc Sedare biT Zlierebi, bolosaTvis mogvitoves da fiqrobdnen, rom mcire qveynebis damorCilebis Semdeg Cven ioli lukma gavxde bodiT. CveniT rom daewyoT, sxva mokavSireebi mixvdebodnen, vis dayrdnobodnen, da ase iolad ver mogvereodnen. rogor vendeT aseT megobrobasa da Tavisuflebas? samsa xuri, romelsac erTmaneTs vuwevdiT, ar Seefereboda Cvens grZnobebs. aTenelebi SiSiT gveferebodnen omis dros, Cven ki aseve vpasuxobdiT mSvidobianobisas. urTierTndoba urTi 103 Tukidide.indd 103 01.04.2013 14:47:14 erTSiSze iyo damyarebuli, SiSi kravda Cvens kavSirs da ara siyvaruli. da vinc pirveli SeZlebda kavSiris darRvevas saku Tari Tavis xifaTSi Cagdebis gareSe, siamovnebiT izamda amas. amitom cdeba, vinc miiCnevs, rom Cveni ajanyeba usamarTloa. Zalebi rom Tanaswori yofiliyo, Cven kidev unda davlode bodiT erTxans, magram radgan Tavdasxmas mudam velodiT, unda dagveswro dacviTi zomebis miReba. ase SeiZleba avxsnaT da gavamarTloT Cveni gandgoma. sav sebiT sakmarisi mizezia, rom dagarwmunoT Cvens sisworeSi. Cven ukve didi xania vapirebdiT aTenelTagan gandgomas da adrec mogmarTeT Tqven, magram uSedegod, amitom Cvens gan zraxvaze xeli aviReT. axla Cven gamovexmaureT beotielTa winadadebas. Cven ori mizani gvaqvs: davexmaroT elinebs, rom aTenelTagan gaTavisufldnen, da ar mivceT aTenelebs Cveni mospobis saSualeba. Cven ufro adre mogviwia ajanyeba, vidre vapirebdiT, da ar viyaviT amisaTvis mzad. amitom Tqven unda migviRoT Tqvens kavSirSi da saswrafod dagvexmaroT. amiT Tqven daadasturebT, rom mzad xarT daicvaT Cagruli, da sakuTar Zalas aCvenebT mters. viTareba xelsayrelia, rogorc arasdros. aTenelebi daasusta Wirma da omis xarjebma, maTi floti gafantulia. maT aRar eqnebaT upiratesoba zRvaze da Tu Tqven atikas xmeleTiTa da zRviT SeutevT, maT gauWirdebaT Tavdasxmis mogerieba. nu ifiqrebT, rom sxvis gamo safrTxe Si agdebT Tqvens samSoblos. Tu lesbosi Sors geCvenebaT, is sargebeli, rasac Cven gTavazobT, sakmaod axlosaa. brZolis veli atikaSi ki ar iqneba, aramed iq, saidanac maT Semosavali aqvT. aTenelebs fuli mokavSireeb isgan SemosdiT da Cveni damorCilebiT maTi Semosavali gaizrdeba. maT aRaravin aujan ydeba, Cveni xarki gaizrdeba, xolo mdgomareob a damZimdeba. Tu dagvexmarebiT, moipovebT Zlier flots, romelic esoden gWirdebaT. xolo Tu aTenelebs mokavSireebs waarTmevT, maT Zalasac SeamcirebT. aTenis mokavSireebi siamovnebiT gadmov 104 Tukidide.indd 104 01.04.2013 14:47:14 len Tqvens mxareze da veravin dagwamebT, rom ar exmarebiT mas, visac aTenis winaaRmdeg gamosvla surs. Tu aSkarad gamoxvalT eladis ganmaTavisufleblad, gamarjveba Tqven dagrCebaT. gaamarTleT elinTa imedebi, pativi eciT olimpoel zevss da migviReT Tqvens kavSirSi. nu dagvtovebT marto maSin, rodesac mxolod Cven vwiravT sicocxles elinTa saqmisTvis, iyaviT mamacni, rogorebadac migiCneven elinebi da rogore bis xilvac Cven gvinda Cvens gasaWirSi.~ lakedemonelebi daeTanxmnen mitilenelTa winadadebebs da miiRes isini kavSirSi. iq Sekrebil mokavSireebs ki mou wodes, Segroviliyvnen isTmosze atikaSi SesaWrelad. pir velebi TviT lakedemonelebi mividnen da daiwyes samzadisi xomaldebis korinTosis zRvidan aTenis zRvaSi gadasaTrevad. isini apirebdnen, aTenelebs erTdroulad dasxmodnen Tavs xmeleTidan da zRvidan. mokavSireebi ar Cqarobdnen, radgan mosavlis aRebiT iyvnen dakavebuli. aTenelebma SeamCnies mowinaaRmdegeTa samzadisi da gadawy vites, eCvenebinaT sakuTari Zala. maT aRWurves asi xomaldi ise, rom arc gamouwveviaT lesbosidan Tavisi eskadra, gavid nen zRvaSi da Tavs daesxnen peloponesis sanapiros sxvadasxva adgilebSi. lakedemonelebma Tavisi mdgomareoba saxifaTod CaTvales da ukan gabrundnen. mogvianebiT maT ubrZanes mokav Sireebs, aReWurvaT ormoci xomaldi lesbosze gasagzavnad. rodesac aTenelebma dainaxes, rom peloponeselebi Sin gab rundnen, maTac ukan gamoiwvies Tavisi xomaldebi. aTenelebs arasodes hyoliaT amdeni xomaldi. asi xomaldi icavda atikas, evbeasa da salamins, kidev asi dacuravda pelo ponesis wylebSi im xomaldebis garda, romlebic poteidaias blokadas axorcielebdnen an sxva adgilebSi imyofebodnen. amgvarad, im zafxuls aTenis floti oras ormocdaaTi xomal disgan Sedgeboda. flotis Senaxva da poteidaias alya acari elebda aTenis xazinas. TiToeul i hopliti dReSi or drahmas 105 Tukidide.indd 105 01.04.2013 14:47:14 iRebda, hoplitTa ricxvi ki Tavdapirvelad sami aTasi iyo. mogvian ebiT maT droebiT daemata aTas eqvsasi kaci. mezRva urebic imave raodenobis Tanxas iRebdnen. rodesac lakede monelebi isTmosze imyofebodnen, mitilenelebi Seec adnen meTimnas aRebas, magram uSedegod. maT daamyares oligarqiuli wesebi mokavSire qveynebSi, gaamagres qalaqebis kedlebi da Sin dabrundnen. aTenelebma paqetesis sardlobiT gagzavnes aTasi hopliti, romlebmac zamTris dasawyisisaTvis daasru les mitilenes blokada xmeleTidan. mitilenes alyisaTvis aTenelebi iZulebulebi iyvnen, SemoeRoT specialuri samxedro gadasaxdi – orasi talanti. garda amisa, maT gagzavnes Tormeti xomaldi mokavSireTagan xarkis asakrefad. plateas alya ki grZeldeboda. plateelebs sursaTi uTav debodaT da aTenelebis imedi aRar hqondaT, amitom mtris kedelze gadasvla gadawyvites. Tavidan es gegma yvelas moe wona, magram Semdeg naxevarma uari Tqva da bolos oras oci kaci wavida am Canafiqris Sesasruleblad. maT moamzades mtris kedlis simaRlis kibeebi, xolo kedlis simaRle agu rebis daTvliT gansazRvres. peloponeselTa simagre ki amgvarad iyo agebuli. is Sed geboda ori wriuli kedlisgan, Sida plateasken iyo mimarTu li, gareTa ki – aTenisken. maT Soris Teqvsmeti wyrTa iyo. am monakveTSi arsebuli saTavsoeb i ise axlos iyo erTmaneTTan, rom faqtobrivad erTian kedels qmnida miwayriliT orive mxridan. yoveli aTi miwayrilis Semdeg iyo maRali koSki. RamiT an avdarSi guSagi miatovebda miwayrils da adioda gada xurul koSkze. plateelebi daelodnen bnel da wvimian Rames da gavidnen qalaqidan. maT gadalaxes Txrili da SeumCnevlad miadgnen kedels. isini msubuqad iyvnen SeiaraRebulni da mxolod marcxena fexze ecvaT, raTa ufro uxifaTod evloT talaxSi. plateelebi miadgnen kedels or koSks Soris, miad 106 Tukidide.indd 106 01.04.2013 14:47:14 ges kibeebi da daiwyes gadasvla. umravlesoba ukve kedelze iyo asuli, rodesac guSagma isini SeamCnia da gangaSi atexa. maSin qalaqSi darCenilma plateelebmac Seuties kedels. moalyeebi daibnen, magram posts mainc ar tovebdnen. Sori axlos dabanakebuli samasi peloponeseli gangaSisTanave maT saSvelad daiZra. ainTo sasignalo cecxli, romelsac TebelTaTvis xifaTi unda euwyeb ina. plateelebmac daanTes qalaqis kedlebze winaswar momzadebuli CiraRdnebi, raTa TebelebisTvis gza-kvali aebniaT. amasobaSi kedelze asulma plateelebma daikaves ori koSki da guSagebi daxoces. maT mihyvnen sxva mebrZolebic da daikaves gasasvlelebi, raTa mowinaaRmdegeebisTvis gza gadaeketaT. plateelTa umravlesobam kedeli gadalaxa da samasi peloponeseli CiraRdnebiT ekveTa maT. plateelebi, romlebic Txrilis piras idgnen, sibnelidan ukeT xedavdnen mters, mowinaaRmdegeebs ki CiraRdnebis Suqi abrmavebda. plateelebi maT isrebiT igeriebdnen da moaxerxes kidec Txrilis gadalaxva. Txrilidan rom amovidnen, maT gezi Tebeze aiRes im ime diT, rom mteri iq Zebnas ar dauwyebda. marTlac, CiraRdniani mdevari aTenis gzas daadga. eqvsi Tu Svidi stadioni gaiares plateelebma Tebes mimarTulebiT, Semdeg mTas Semouares da mSvidobiT Cavidnen aTenSi. peloponeselebma Sewyvites devna da ukan dabrundnen. qalaqSi darCenilebma araferi icodnen momxdaris Sesaxeb. Tavidan maT peloponeselebs dazaveba sTxoves daRupulTa dasakrZalad, Semdeg ki, rodesac simar Tle Seityves, dazavebaze uari Tqves. zamTris miwuruls mitileneSi Cavida lakedemoneli sala iTosi, romelmac auwya, rom peloponeselebi atikaSi SeWrasa da lesbosze damxmare eskadris gagzavnas apirebdnen. am cno bam mitilenelebi gaamxneva da maT aTenelebTan SeTanxmeba gadaaf iqrebina. ase dasrulda omis meoTxe weliwadi. 107 Tukidide.indd 107 01.04.2013 14:47:14 momdevno zafxuls peloponeselebma mitileneSi ormoc daori xomaldi gagzavnes navarqos alkidasis xelmZRvanelo biT. isini mokavSireebTan erTad atikaSic SeiWrnen. amjerad maT sardlobda kleomenesi Tavisi mcirewlovani ZmisSvilis, mefe pavsaniasis nacvlad. peloponeselebma kvlav daarbies atika, mospes yvelaferi, rasac gaxareba moeswro. rodesac sursaTi gamoeliaT, Sin dabrundnen. amasobaSi mitilenelebs gadauwydaT peloponeselTa eskad ris daxmarebis imedi, gamoeliaT sakvebi da iZulebulebi gaxdnen, danebebodnen aTenelebs. amis uSualo mizezi ki is gaxda, rom salaiTasma iaraRi dauriga mosaxleobas, raTa Tavs dasxmodnen moalyeebs. moqalaqeebma ki aRar moindomes mTavrobis morCileba da mdidrebs mosTxoves, gaenawilebinaT maTTvis puris maragi. mitilenes xelisuflebam dainaxa, rom xalxs veRar SeaCe rebda da yvela moqalaqis saxeliT SeuT anxmda paqetess Semdeg pirobebze: qveynis beds gadawyveten aTenelebi, mitilenele bi SeuSveben laSqars qalaqSi da gagzavnian elCebs aTenSi. elCebis dabrunebamde paqetess ekrZaleba vinmes datyveveba, gayidva an mokvla. amis miuxedavad, rogorc ki aTenelTa jari qalaqSi Sevida, lakedemonelTa mTavarma momxreebma Tavi taZars Seafares. paqetesma aRuTqva maT, rom arafers dauSavebda da tenedosze gagzavna, sanam aTenelebi maT beds gadawyvetdnen. amasobaSi lesbosze mimavalma peloponeselTa eskadram mSvidobianad miaRwia ikarossa da mikonos, sadac pirvelad gaiges mitilenes dacemis ambavi. isini Seikribnen saTaTbi rod. eleelma tevtiaplosma maT SesTavaza, manam dasxmodnen Tavs mitilenes, sanam mteri maTi Camosvlis ambavs gaigebda. aTenelebisTvis, albaT, Tavdasxma gamarjvebis Semdeg mou lodneli iqneboda, miT umetes zRvidan, sadac isini gansa kuTrebiT Zlierebi iyvnen. 108 Tukidide.indd 108 01.04.2013 14:47:14 eleel is sityvebma alkidasi ver daarwmuna. maSin ramdenime ionielma ltolvilma mas urCia romelime ioniuri qalaqis an eoliuri kimes dakaveba. es qalaqi gamodgeboda bazad ioniaSi ajanyebis mosawyobad. amiT aTenelebs didi Semosavali daak ldebodaT, xolo Tu aq peloponeselTa blokadas gadawy vetdnen, es maTTvis did xarjebTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli. alkidasma arc es winadadeba miiRo. mas mere, rac mitileneSi daagvianda, mas Sin dabruneba eCqareboda. alkidasi zRvaSi dabrunda da sanapiros gaswvriv gacura. man sikvdiliT dasaja tyveebis umravlesoba, vinc gzad xel Si Caigdo. Semdeg is miadga efesosis navsadgurs. aq masTan movidnen samoseli elCebi da usayvedures udanaSaulo ada mianTa sikvdiliT dasja, rac eladis ganTavisuflebis karg saSualebad ver CaiTvleboda. es xalxi xom aTenelTa uneblie mokavSire iyo. Tu ase gaagrZelebs, aramc Tu axal megobrebs ver moipovebs, aramed Zvel megobrebsac mtrebad aqcevs. alkidasma gaiziara samoselTa sityvebi da gaaTavisufla gadarCenili tyveebi. alkidass swrafad mouwia efesosis datoveba, radgan igi aTenelTa xomaldebidan SeamCnies. mdevris SiSiT is Ria zRva Si gavida da gezi pirdapir peloponesisken aiRo. rodesac paqetesma alkidasis eskadris Sesaxeb gaigo, SeSinda, rom peloponeselebi ioniis qalaqebs ar dasxmodnen Tavs. is swra fad daed evna mters da kunZul patmosamde sdia. miuxedavad imisa, rom peloponeselebs ver daewia, paqetesi mainc kmayo fili darCa, rom mas ar mouwia mtris blokireba gamagrebul adgilas. ukana gzaze paqetesi miadga kolofonelTa navsadgurs – notios. aq kolofonelebi gadmosaxldnen zemo qalaqidan, romelic itamanosma da barbarosebma daikaves. es moxda ati kaSi peloponeselTa meored SeWrisas. notioSi dasaxlebuli ltolvilebi erTmaneTs daerivnen. erTma jgufma arkadieli 109 Tukidide.indd 109 01.04.2013 14:47:14 da barbarosi moqiravneebis daxmarebiT daisakuTra qalaqi, meore jgufma ki paqetess sTxova Svela. paqetesma mosalapa rakeblad miiwvia garnizonis ufrosi hipiasi da dahpirda mas, rom qalaqSi uvneblad daabrunebda. magram aTenelma daaty veva igi da moulodneli SeteviT aiRo qalaqi, garnizoni ki amoxoca. amis Semdeg hipiasi dapirebisamebr gauSves, magram qalaqSi Sesuli isrebiT dacxriles. qalaqi paqetesma kolofonelebs gadasca. SemdgomSi aTe nelebma aq gadmoasaxles kolofonelebi mezobeli qalaqe bidanac, misces kanonebi da meTvalyured aTeneli moxele dauniSnes. mitileneSi dabrunebulma paqetesma daimorCila mezobe li qalaqebi, daatyveva lakedemoneli salaiTesi da gagzavna aTenSi. iqve gagzavnes mitileneli tyveeb ic, romlebic adre tenedosze hyavdaT. laSqris didi nawili paqetesma gauSva, erTi razmi ki lesbosze daitova iqauri saqmeebis mosagva reblad. rodesac tyveebi da salaiTesi aTenSi Cavidnen, aTenelebma salaiTesi sikvdiliT dasajes, miuxedavad imisa, rom is Tavis samsaxurs sTavazobda, sxvaTa Soris, plateas alyis moxsnis saqmeSic. Semdeg aTenelebma saxalxo kreba moiwvies danar Ceni tyveebis bedis gadasawyvetad. gaRizianebulma xalxma gadawyvita, daexocaT ara marto aTenSi Camoyvanili tyveebi, aramed yvela zrdasruli mitileneli, xolo qalebi da bavSve bi monebad gaeyidaT. mitilenelTa gandgoma aTenelebs miT ufro dauSveblad miaCndaT, radgan isini, sxva ajanyebulebis gan gansxvavebiT, iyvnen ara aTenelTa qveSevrdomebi, aramed Tavisuflebi. aTenelTa guliswyromas aZlier ebda isic, rom peloponeselTa eskadram gabeda dasaxmareblad ioniaSi mis vla. aman daarwmuna aTenelebi, rom ajanyeba ar iyo uecari da didxans mzaddeboda. amis gamo, aTenelebma gaugzavnes paqetess brZaneba, dauyovnebliv daexoca mitilenelebi. 110 Tukidide.indd 110 01.04.2013 14:47:14 meore dRes aTenelebma inanes sakuTari gadawyvetile ba. mSvidi gansjis Sedegad udanaSaul o xalxis daxocva maT zedmet sisastiked miiCnies. mitilenelTa elCebma da maTma aTenelma megobrebma SeamCnies xalxis ganwyobaSi es cvlile ba da daarwmunes xelisufleba, xelaxla daeyenebina sakiTxi saxalxo krebaze. es maT ar gasWirvebiaT, radgan moqalaqeTa umravlesobas isedac undoda gadawyvetilebis Secvla. maSin ve moiwvies kreba, sadac gamoiTqva sxvadasxva azri. xelaxla gamovida kleoni, romelmac wina Sekrebaze gadaawyvetina moqalaqeebs mitilenelTa dasja. es kaci, saerTod, yvelaze mZvinvare iyo moqalaqeTa Soris da im dros saxalxo krebaze didi pativiT sargeblobda. man am sityvebiT mimarTa Sekre bilT: `me adrec araerTxel davrwmunebulvar demokratiis uniaTobaSi, rodesac saqme sxva qveynebze batonobas exeba, magram gansakuTrebiT cxadi es axla Seiqna, rodesac Tqven mitilenelebis ganaCens nanobT. yoveldRiur urTierTobaSi TqvenTvis ucxoa SiSi da undobloba. aseve ndobiT ekidebiT mokavSireebsac. Tu axla dahyvebiT Segonebebs da gulmowy alebis gamo dauSvebT Secdomas, es Tqven mxolod safrTxes SegiqmniT, mokavSireTa madlierebas ki tyuilad eliT. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom Tqveni batonoba mokavSireebze maTi nebis sawinaaRmdego tiraniaa. isini ki ar arian Tqven mimarT keTilad ganwyobilni. isini imitom ki ar gemorCilebian, rom Tqven maT keTilad epyrobiT da megobrobT maTTan, aramed imitom, rom Tqveni Zalis eSiniaT. yvelaze cudi meryeoba da gadawyvetilebaTa cvlaa. Cven unda vicodeT, rom saxelmwifo, Tundac naklebad srulyo fili, magram mkacri, Sesrulebadi kanonebiT ufro Zlieria masze, visac mSvenier i, magram ususuri kanonebi aqvs. gaunaT lebloba, keTilganwyobasTan erTad, xom ufro sasargebloa, vidre Wkua da Tavisufali azrovneba. marTlac, ubralo kaci 111 Tukidide.indd 111 01.04.2013 14:47:14 ukeTesi moqalaqea, vidre ganaTlebuli, romelsac unda kanon ze ufro Wkviani Candes. saxalxo krebaze isini yovelTvis cdiloben gaimarjvon sazogado saqmeebze davaSi, TiTqos ar arsebobdes sxva sfero, sadac maT Tavisi Wkuis gamovle na SeuZliaT. saxelmwifosTvis ki maT, rogorc wesi, ziani moaqvT. ubralo xalxi ar miiCnevs Tavs gansakuTrebulad da, Sesabamisad, arc kanonze ufro Wkvianad. isini ar ekamaTebian imas, rac kargad iTqva. ufro miukerZoebeli mosamarTleni arian, vidre kamaTis monawileni da xSir SemTxvevaSi sworad iqcevian. Cvenc ase unda moviqceT, nu SevejibrebiT erTmaneTs mWevrmetyvelebasa da WkuaS i. me Cems azrze vrCebi da mikvirs, rom mitilenelTa saqmeze kvlav dainiSna Sekreba. es gadavadeba damnaSaveTa interesebSi ufroa, vidre CvensaSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi dazaralebulis risxva cxreba da is naklebad mkacrad sjis moZalades, xolo sasjeli, romelic uSualod mosdevs danaSauls, saukeTeso Surisgebaa. me maocebs isic, vinc cdilobs daamtkicos, rom mitilenelTa danaSaul i CvenTvis sasargebloa, xolo Cveni warumatebloba vnebs mokavSireebs. erTi cxadia: an Tavis mWevrmetyvelebaSi darwmunebulma, eWvi unda Seit anos Cvens guSindel erTsulovan gadawyvetilebaSi an angarebiT Sepyro bilma unda scados Tqveni moxibvla da motyueba sofisturi sityviT. mWevrmetyvelTa aseT SejibrSi jildos erTi iRebs, qveyana ki imkis mcdari gadawyvetilebis Sedegebs. damnaSave Tqven iqnebiT, radgan cudad awyobT amgvar Sejibrebs da miC veuli xarT, iyoT mayurebeli da msmeneli, rodesac wydeba saxelmwifo saqmeebi. momaval saqmeebze Tqven msjelobT ara realuri faqtebis, aramed oratoris sityvebis mixedviT. Tqven iolad tyuvdebiT axali ideebiT da ar gindaT misdioT ukve miRebul gadawy vetilebebs. Tqven gitacebT yvelaferi uCveulo da gZulT Cveuli. TiToeul i Tqvengani cdilobs Tqvas sityva. Tu kargi 112 Tukidide.indd 112 01.04.2013 14:47:14 oratorobiT ver daikvexnis, aseTs SeekamaTeba mainc. Tqven aitacebT xolme TiToeul mZafr sityvas, cdilobT gamoic noT, ra mohyveba mas, magram ar SegiZliaT gaiTvaliswinoT Tqveni gadawyvetilebis Sedegebi. Tqven ocnebobT da arafrad agdebT realobas, romelSic vcxovrobT. Tqven ufro gavxarT sofistTa msmenelebs, vidre xalxs, romelic saxelmwifo saqmeebze msjelobs. me vecdebi gixsnaT am Secdomisgan da dagimtkicoT, rom mitilenelebma didi ziani mogvayenes. me kidev vapatiebdi mokavSireebs, visac mZime tvirTad awevs Cveni batonoba, an mtris waqezebiT ajanyebulebs. es xalxi ki, kargad daculi sakuTar kunZulze mkvidri galavniTa da Zlieri flotiT, Tavisufali iyo da Cveni pativiscemiT sargeblobda, magram mainc ase moiqca. sxva ra hqvia maT saqciels Tu ara veraguli Tavdasxma? mas ajanyebas ver uwodeb. gana isini ar cdilob dnen Cvens dauZinebel mterTan erTad Cvens daRupvas? es kidev uaresia, vidre pativmoyvareobiT Sepyrobilebs damo ukideblad rom daewyoT CvenTan omi. maT veraferi aswavla mezobelTa bedma da keTildReobam ver Seakava isini, rom ar gadaedgaT sabediswero nabiji. Cven ar unda gagverCia mitilenelebi sxva mokavSireebi sagan. maSin ase ar gaTavxeddebodnen. xalxs xom saerTod ezizReba pirferi adamiani, da, piriqiT, pativs scems Zli ers. axla mainc miiRon damsaxurebuli sasjeli. Cven ar unda davadanaSauloT mxolod oligarqebi da ar unda davtovoT dausjeli xalxi. isini xom erTad dagvesxnen Tavs. oligarqe bi rom mietovebinaT da Cvens mxareze gadmosuliyvnen, axla Tavisufal qalaqSi icxovrebdnen. magram xalxma amjobina, oligarqebTan erTad gaeziarebina xifaTi da SeuerTda ajanye bas. dauf iqrdiT, Tu Cven erTnairad davsjiT sakuTari nebiT ajanyebul mokavSireebsac da maTac, vinc mterma aiZula, viRa ityvis uars ajanyebaze, Tu warmateba Tavisuflebas hpirde 113 Tukidide.indd 113 01.04.2013 14:47:15 ba, xolo marcxis SemTxvevaSi ar daisjebian? Cven ki nebismier ajanyebul qveyanasTan brZolaSi safrTxeSi vagdebT sakuTar qonebasa da sicocxles. amitom nu mivcemT imaT imeds, vinc sityviT Tu qrTamiT gvaiZulebs, maTi danaSauli adamianuri sisustiT gavamar TloT da, Sesabamisad, vapatioT. SeiZleba apatio uneblieT moyenebuli zarali, magram isini Cven gacnobierebulad dag vesxnen Tavs. amitom me moviTxov, nu SevcvliT Cvens gadawy vetilebas da nu davnebdebiT didi saxelmwifosTvis sam yvelaze mavnebel sisustes – sibraluls, mWevrmetyvelebiT gatacebasa da didsulovnebas. sibraluli ar unda gamoiCi no imis mimarT, vinc savaraudod gimtrobs; mWevrmetyvelma Tavisi xelovneba qveynisTvis nakleb mniSvnelovan saqmeSi unda gamoiCinos, xolo didsulovneba gamarTlebulia maT mimarT, vinc amas daafasebs. mokled, damijereT da ise moeqe ciT mitilenelebs, rogorc isini amas imsaxureben. Tu Tqven sxva gadawyvetilebas miiRebT, maTgan madlierebas nu eliT, sakuTar Tavs ki ganaCens gamoutanT. Tu isini samarTlianad ajanydnen, Tqven ar gqoniaT ufleba, maTze batonobdeT. magram, Tu Tqven samarTali ar gainteresebT da batonobas apirebT, sxva araferi dagrCeniaT, Tu ara maTi dasja. winaaR mdeg SemTxvevaSi, uari TqviT batonobaze da Tavi moiwoneT Tqveni didsulovnebiT. dafiqrdiT, ras gizamdnen isini, gamarjveba rom moepovebinaT. miT ufro, rom isini pirvele bi dagesxnen Tavs. is, vinc umizezod esxmis Tavs, bolomde midis, radgan Surisgebis eSinia. amdenad, nu uRalatebT sakuTar Tavs, Suri iZieT imis gamo, rac Tqven gemuqrebo daT. miuzReT maT sakadrisi da aCveneT sxva mokavSireebs, rom ajanyebis sazRauri sikvdilia. rodesac amas gaigeben, Tqven meti dro dagrCebaT namdvil mtrebTan sabrZolvelad.~ kleonis Semdeg sityva diod otosma iTxova, romelic wina krebazec mitilenelTa dasjis ZiriTadi mowinaaRmdege iyo. 114 Tukidide.indd 114 01.04.2013 14:47:15 `me ar vamtyuneb maT, vinc kvlav moiTxova sakiTxis ganxilva da ar vamarTleb esoden mniSvnelovani saqmeebis meored gan xilvis mowinaaRmdegeebs. Cemi azriT, swori gadawyvetilebis miRebas aCqareba da gaRizianeba uSlis xels. pirveli ugunure bis Sedegia, meore – uxeSobisa da windauxedaobis. nebismier i, vinc sityvis winaaRmdegia, an ugunuria an angarebiT moqme debs. is ugunuria, Tu ver xedavs, rom TaTbiris gareSe ver ganWvrets momavals, da angarebiT moqmedebs, Tu xvdeba, rom mxolod Tavxeduri ciliswamebiT daaS inebs mowinaaRmdegeebsa da msmenelebs. magram yvelaze cudia, eWvobde, rom mowinaaR mdege mosyidulia. Tu orators brals sdeben imaSi, rom cudad erkveva saqmeSi, maSin mas mouwevs wasvla msmenelTa darwmunebis gareSe. is aRmoCndeba suleli, magram ara usindiso. magram Tu mas uwesobaSi davadanaSaulebT, damajerebeli gamosvla ver gafantavs eWvebs, xolo Tu is msmenelebs ver daarwmunebs, mas ara marto sisuleleSi, tyuilSic daad anaSauleben. qveyana bevrs dakargavs, Tu SiSi mas saukeTeso mrCevelebs daak argvi nebs. qveyana mxolod moigebda, Tu msgavsi xalxi ar iqneboda mWevrmetyveli. maSin isini ver moatyuebdnen moqalaqeebs. kargma moqalaqem Tavisi simarTle mowinaaRmdegis daSinebiT ki ara, Tanaswor patiosan kamaTSi unda daamtkicos. saxelmwi fom arc unda ganadidos misi damsaxureba, vinc keTil rCevas iZleva, da arc daamcros; aseve is, vis rCevasac ar miiR ebs, ar unda daisajos. maSin arc erTi oratori ar Seecdeba sakuTari rwmenis sawinaaRmdegod xalxis keTilganwyobis mopovebas. Cven ki piriqiT viqceviT. Tu vinme karg rCevas gvaZlevs, magram Cndeba eWvi, rom is Tavis Tavze fiqrobs, mzad varT saxelmwifos aSkara mogeba davakargvinoT. saqme iqamde mivi da, rom saukeTeso rCeva, Tu is ar aris mWevrmetyvelurad gamoTqmuli, iseTsave eWvs badebs, rogorc cudi, da patio san kacsac tyuiliT uwevs xalxis ndobis mopoveba. mxolod Cvens qveyanaSia SeuZlebeli aSkarad da patiosnad emsaxuro 115 Tukidide.indd 115 01.04.2013 14:47:15 saxelmwifos, radgan Cven zedmetad Wkvianebi da amis gamo metismetad eWvianebi varT. aTenelebi eWvoben, rom yvelas, vinc aSkarad sCadis sikeTes, angareba amoZravebs, da mainc, rodesac saqme mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis miRebas exeba, Tqven unda aRiar oT, rom oratorebi ufro Sorsmxedvelebi arian, vidre isini, vinc mxolod ganxilvis drosaa yuradR ebiT. unda gaxsovdeT, rom oratori pasuxs agebs rCevebsa da winadadebebze, msmeneli ki – ara. Tqveni ganaCeni ufro zomieri da frTxili iqneboda, Tanabrad rom agebdnen pasuxs isic, vinc cud rCevas iZleva, da isic, vinc mas ujerebs. axla ki cudi Sedegis SemTxvevaSi Tqven brazobT mrCevelze, saku Tar Tavs ki Secdomas patiobT, radgan mas sxvebTan erTad iziarebT. me mitilenelTa arc damcveli var da arc bralmdebeli. Cven vkamaTobT ara maT danaSaulze, aramed Cvens gadawyve tilebaze. romc davamtkico mitilenelebis umZimesi dana Saul i, mainc ar moviTxov maT dasjas, Tu es ar iqneba Cvens interesebSi. meore mxriv, maTi danaSaul i sul mciredic rom iyos, ar vapatiebdi, Tu es Cven gvavnebda. gadawyvetilebis miRebisas momavalze unda vifiqroT. Tu kleoni miiCnevs, rom maTi sikvdiliT dasja agvacilebs mokavSireTa ajanyebebs, me sapirispiros davamtkiceb. imedi maqvs, Tavs ar moatyuebinebT kleonis moCvenebiT samarTlianobas da ar uaryofT Cems wina dadebas. kleonis sityvebi metad esadageba Tqvens samarTlian gaRizianebas, magram Cven aq sasamarTlo procesi ara gvaqvs da vmsjelobT ara samarTlianobaze, aramed Cvens interesebze. naklebad mZime danaSaul isTvisac ki saxelmwifo sikvdiliT sjis, magram adamianebs yovelTvis aqvT warmatebis imedi, Tun dac sasikvdilo xifaTis fasad. aravin wamoiwyebs saqmes, Tu warumatebloba winaswar gansazRvrulia. arc erTi qveyana ar ajanydeba, Tu ara aqvs sakuTari ZalebiT an sxvisi daxmarebiT gamarjvebis imedi. Tavisi bunebiT, adamiani sCadis dauSvebels 116 Tukidide.indd 116 01.04.2013 14:47:15 rogorc kerZo, ise sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da veraviTari kanoni mas ver akavebs. saxelmwifoebma gamoscades yvelanair i damsjeli zoma da sul amkacreben maT im imediT, rom danaSa uls mospoben. Zvel dros sasjeli ufro rbili iyo. droTa ganmavlobaSi igi sikvdiliT Seicvala, magram danaSauli ar Semcirebula. amdenad, an unda ufro mkacri sasjeli unda movifiqroT, an vaRiaroT, rom damnaSaves sasjeli ar aSinebs: an siRaribe Trgunavs adamians da mas Tavxedobas matebs, an sim didre qedmaRlobasa da TavdajerebulobasTan erTad ubiZgebs mas, rom ufro mets eswrafvodes. adamiani Sepyrobilia brma vnebebiT, amas emateba gataceba da imedi. es uxilavi Zalebi ufro Zlier ad moqmedebs adamianze, vidre sazareli sasjelis xilva. Tanac bednier i SemTxveva abrmavebs xalxs. saxelmwifo kidev ufro iolad ahyveba cdunebas, radgan saqme exeba umniS vnelovanes rames – Tavisuflebasa da sxvebze batonobas da TiToeul i adamiani sazogadoeb aSi ufro mxned grZnobs Tavs. mokled, sisulele iqneboda gvefiqra, rom mkacri kanonebiT adamianebs xels avaRebinebT imaze, rac maT bunebiT mosdgamT. amitom ar unda miviRoT ugunuri gadawyvetileba. nu gveqneba im usafrTxoebis imedi, romelsac sikvdiliT dasja mogvitans, da nu movuspobT Cvens amboxebul mokavSireebs danaSaulis monanieb is imeds. kargad dafiqrdiT, ra girCev niaT: ajanyebuli qveyana mas mere, rac sakuTar sisusteSi darwmundeba, dagnebdeT, aginazRauroT samxedro xarjebi da gaagrZelos xarkis gadaxda, Tu Tqveni sisastikiT SeSi nebulma sisxlis bolo wveTamde ibrZolos? gana amiT Tqven ufro ar dazaraldebiT? Tqveni fuli daix arjeba xangrZliv alyaze da Tu qalaqs aiRebT, nangrevebiRa SegrCebaT da Semo savalic aRar geqnebaT. swored amazea damokidebuli Tqveni samxedro Zala. amitom nu gamovitanT mkacr ganaCens Cvenda sazianod. piriqiT, ajanyebulebi msubuqad unda davsajoT. maSin isi 117 Tukidide.indd 117 01.04.2013 14:47:15 ni SeinarCuneben Tavis simdidres da Cvenc momavalSi xarks avkrefT. sakuTari usafrTxoebis dasacavad Cven mkacri kanonebi ki ar gvWirdeba, aramed mokavSireebTan frTxili da gonivruli mopyroba. Cven ki amis sapirispirod viqceviT. xalxi sakuTari Tavisuflebis dasacavad ajanyda. Cven ki gvinda ajanyebis CaxSobis mere mkacri zomebi miviRoT. ajan yebas ki ar unda velodoT, rom Semdeg fxizlad viyoT, aramed ajanyeba ar unda davuSvaT da, Tu mainc moxda, ajanyebulebi msubuqad unda davsajoT. dafiqrdiT, ra Secdomas dauSvebT, Tu kleonis rCevas miiRebT. axla saxalxo partia yvela qveyanaSi Tqvens mxare zea. isini an ar emxrobian oligarqebs an, Tu maT aiZuleben miemxron ajanyebas, isini mzad arian mas gaemijnon. Tu ajan yebul qveyanasTan oms daiwyebT, xalxi Tqvens mxareze iqneba, magram Tu dasjiT mitilenelebs, romlebic ar monawileob dnen ajanyebaSi da romlebmac iaraRis xelSi Cagdebis mere, qalaqi Tqven gadmogces, did danaSauls CaidenT, mospobT Tqvens keTilis msurvelebs da yvelgan did samsaxurs gau wevT oligarqias. Tu amis Semdeg oligarqebi agijanydebian, xalxi maT miemxroba, radgan Tqven ukve daanaxveT, rom yY velas Tanabrad sjiT. saxalxo partia damnaSavec rom iyos, Tqven es ar unda SeimCnioT, rom ar dakargoT ukanaskneli megobrebi. mokavSireebze batonobisTvis Tqven girCevniaT aitanoT usa marTloba, vidre samarTlianad dasajoT is, visi dandobac gWirdebaT. marTalia, kleoni amtkicebs, rom sasjeli samar Tlianic aris da mizanSewonilic, mainc unda davaskvnaT, rom aq es ori SeuTavsebelia. amitom, Tu migaCniaT, rom Cemi rCeva sasargebloa aTenisTvis, mihyeviT mas. dasajeT is mitilene lebi, vinc paqetesma gamogvigzavna, danarCenebma ki icxovron. es samomavlod CvenTvis sasargeblo iqneba da mtrebsac gaaf rTxilebs. brZnuli gadawyvetilebebi Cven met upiratesobas mogvcems, vidre ugunuri Zaladoba.~ 118 Tukidide.indd 118 01.04.2013 14:47:15 saxalxo krebaze xmebi gaiyo, magram umravlesobam mainc diodotosis azrs dauWira mxari. saswrafod gaagzavnes meore trier i im imediT, rom pirvels daeweoda da xalxs daRupvis gan gadaarCenda. mitilenelma elCebma ekipaJisTvis Rvino da fqvili moimarages da meniCbeebs did jildos dahpirdnen, Tu pirvel xomalds Caaswrebdnen. amitom aTenelma meniCbe ebma didi mondomeba gamoiC ines. bedad, qars maTTvis xeli ar SeuSlia, pirveli trieri ki ar Cqarobda sasikvdilo ganaCe nis Catanas. mainc pirvelma imdenad Caaswro, rom paqetesma saxalxo krebis gadawyvetilebis wakiTxva moaswro da ukve Sesabamisi brZanebis gacemas apirebda, rodesac meorec Cavi da da qveyana ixsna. paqetesis mier aTenSi gagzavnili daaxloeb iT aTasi miti leneli aTenelebma, kleonis rCeviT, sikvdiliT dasajes. qala qis kedlebi daangries da mitilenelebs floti CamoarTves. imis magivrad, rom damarcxebulebisaTvis xarki daekisre binaT, aTenelebma kunZuli, meTimnis olqis garda, sami aTas nakveTad dayves. aqedan samasi RmerTebs Seswires, danarCenebi ki aTenel kleruxebs gadasces. miwaze momuSave lesboselebs daekisraT ori mina saijaro gadasaxadi TiTo nakveTze. miti lenelTa sxva samflobeloebic aTenelTa xelSi gadavida. ase dasrulda ajanyeba lesbosze. imave zafxuls aTenelebma nikiasis sardlobiT dalaSqres kunZuli minoa. megarelebs iq saguSago koSkebi hqondaT niseis navsadguris dasacavad. nikiasma es laSqroba im mizniT moawyo, rom aTenelebs mega raze kontrolis saSualeba hqonodaT. maSin peloponeselebi veRar gagzavnidnen SeumCnevlad sakuTar an mekobreTa gemebs. amasTan, megaris momarageba zRvidan SeuZlebeli iqneboda. nikiasma zRvidan saalye manqanebis meSveob iT aiRo ori koSki, gaaTavisufla minoasa da megaras Soris sruteSi Sesasvleli da kunZulis napirze ramdenime dReSi kedeli aaSena. nikiasma kunZulze garnizoni datova da Tavisi laSqriT Sin dabrunda. 119 Tukidide.indd 119 01.04.2013 14:47:15 im periodSi plateelebs sursaTi daumTavrdaT da iZule buli gaxdnen, danebebodnen peloponeselebs. peloponese lebma ieriSi miit anes galavanze, magram sardals ar undoda qalaqis ZaliT aReba, raTa dazavebis SemTxvevaSi ar daebru nebina is aTenelebisTvis, rogorc danebebuli. sardalma pla teel ebs macne gaugzavna da SesTavaza Tavis nebiT gadaec aT qalaqi lakedemonTaTavis da damorCilebodnen maT sasamar Tlos. plateelebi danebdnen. lakedemonel mosamarTleTa Camosvlamde peloponeselebi ramdenime dRis manZilze aWmev dnen plateelebs. mosamarTleebma maT braldeba ar wauyenes da maT mxolod erTi kiTxva dausves: ra samsaxuri gauwies maT lakedemonelebsa da mokavSireebs? `lakedemonelebo, Cven dagnebdiT, radgan gendeT. Cven velodiT Cveul ebriv sasamarTlos da samarTlian ganaCens. axla ki vSiSobT, rom ormagi Secdoma davuSviT. Cven gvaqvs safuZveli, gveSinodes, rom mosamarTleebi ar iqnebian miu kerZoeblebi da sastik ganaCens gamoitanen. ase imitom CavTva leT, rom CvenTvis ar wamogiyenebiaT braldeba, risganac Tavi unda davicvaT da imitom, rom Tqveni SekiTxva Zalze moklea. Tu simarTles getyviT, es Cven winaRmdeg iqneba. tyuili ki iolad gamoaSkaravdeba. am gamouv al mdgomareobaSi Cven iZu lebuli varT mogmarToT sityviT. vecdebiT davasabuToT, rom marTlebi varT rogorc Tebe lebTan, aseve TqvenTan, da sxva elinebTanac SegaxsenoT Cveni damsaxureba eladis winaSe da guli mogilboT. Tqvens mokle SekiTxvaze, gavuwieT Tu ara Cven am omSi lakedemonelebs da maT mokavSireebs raime samsaxuri, ase gipasuxebT: Tu gve kiTxebiT rogorc mtrebs, ar gaqvT sasayveduro, rom Cven TqvenTvis samsaxuri ar gagviwevia. Tu Tqven megobrebad gvTvliT, maSin TviTon CaidineT usamarTloba, rodesac omi dagviwyeT. rogorc mSvidobianobis dros, aseve midielebTan omSi Cven davamtkiceT Cveni Rirseba. axlandel omSi Cven ar 120 Tukidide.indd 120 01.04.2013 14:47:15 dagvirRvevia mSvidoba, xolo midielebis winaaRmdeg eladis TavisuflebisTvis TqvenTan erTad beotielTagan mxolod Cven vibrZodiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven ar vcxovrobT zRvasTan, mainc Tqven gverdiT viyaviT sazRvao brZolaSi artemisiasTan, aseve vibrZodiT Cvens sakuTar miwaze Tqven Tan da pavsaniasTan erTad. yvelgan, sadac elinebs safrTxe eloda, Cven SeZlebisdagvarad vexmarebodiT maT. Tqvenc, lakedemonelebo, gamogigzavneT moqalaqeTa mesamedi, rode sac miwisZvris Semdeg helotebi agijanydnen da iTome daika ves. nu dagaviwydebaT es. aseTebi viyaviT yovelTvis da Tqveni Tu sxva elinTa dax marebas Rirsebis saqmed miviCnevdiT. mxolod Semdeg gavxdiT mtrebi da amaSi damnaSave Tqven xarT. rodesac Tebelebi Tavs dagvesxnen da Cveni damorCileba moindomes, Cven gTxoveT Tqven kavSirSi miReba. Tqven ki uari gviTxariT da gvirCieT, aTenelebisTvis migvemarTa, rogorc uaxloesi mezoblisTvis. am omSic Cvengan araviTari usiamovneba arc gqondaT da arc gelodaT. da Tu ar vuRalateT aTenelebs Tqveni moTxovnis Tanave, sworadac moviqeciT, radgan aTenelebi dagvexmarnen TebelebTan brZolaSi. Cven ver vuRalatebdiT aTenelebs mas mere, rac bevri sikeTe gagvikeTes. maT migviRes kavSirSi, mogvces moqalaqeTa uflebebi da Cveni vali iyo, davmorCi lebodiT maT. Tu Tqveni an aTenelebis brZanebebi ar varga, amaze pasuxi mokavSireebs ki ar unda daekisros, aramed mas, vinc brZanebas gascems. Tebelebma bevri wyena mogvayenes. maTgan bolo Cveni dRe vandeli ubedurebis mizezi gaxda. rodesac isini mSvidobi anobis dros, Tanac wminda dResaswaulze dagvesxnen Tavs, Cven maTi dasjis sruli ufleba gvqonda. mtris Zaladobas xom ZaladobiT unda upasuxo. amdenad, Cven axla maT gamo ar unda visjebodeT. Tu am sasamarTloze samarTlianobisa da kanonierebis sazomad sakuTar gamorCenas daadgenT, amiT 121 Tukidide.indd 121 01.04.2013 14:47:15 aCvenebT, rom angarebiT moqmedebT. nu fiqrobT, rom Tebe lebi TqvenTvis sasargebloni arian. Cvenc da sxva elinebic bevrad ufro gamogadeqiT midiuri omebis dros, rodesac uaresi xifaTi gelodaT. axla Tqven esxmiT Tavs, maSin ki barbarosTa monoba gemuqrebodaT, Tebelebi ki maT mxareze iyvnen. da Tu Cven mainc rameSi damnaSave varT, samarTliani iqneboda am danaSaulisaTvis Cveni Zveli damsaxureba dag vepirispirebina da Tqven naxavdiT, rom Cveni damsaxurebebi bevrad aRemateba savaraudo danaSauls, gansakuTrebiT Tu gavixsenebT, rom maSin eladaSi arc ise bevri xalxi SeebrZola mamacad qserqses. im dros met pativs scemdnen maT, vinc ar fiqrobda sakuTar usafrTxoebaze da sicocxle gaswira elin Ta gadasarCenad. aseT xalxs Soris viyaviT Cvenc da Tqvengan didi jildoc miviReT, axla ki sikvdili gvelis imis gamo, rom aTenelTa erTguleba vamjobineT angarebiT Tqvens mxareze gadmosvlas. msgavs SemTxvevebSi msgavsad unda gansajoT. saxelmwifosTvis sasargeblo iqneba misi uSualo dRevande li interesebis Sexameba mtkice madlierebasTan patiosani mokavSireebis mimarT, visi siqvelec Tqven mier aRiarebulia. dafiqrdiT imazedac, rom dRemde elinTa umravlesoba Tqven patiosnebis nimuSad migiCnevT. xolo Tu usamarTlo ganaCens gamogvitanT, es ar daimaleba, Tqven ki gamoiwvevT wesier adamianTa aRSfoTebas. gana SemaZrwunebeli ar aris is azri, rom platea daangrion lakedemonelebma, da isini, visma mamebmac Cveni saxeli delfosTvis gankuTvnil ZRven ze daweres, axla TebelTa saameblad Cveni qalaqis mospobas apireben. ai, ra ubedurebas moveswariT. midielTa batonobis dros mzad viyaviT sikvdilisaTvis, axla odesRac sauk eTe so megobris winaSe vdgavarT, Tqven ki Tebelebs msxverplad unda SegvwiroT. ukve orjer CavxedeT sikvdils TvalebSi. cota xnis win SimSiliT sikvdili gveloda. axla ki sasik vdilo ganaCens veliT. dRes Cven, plateelebi, romlebmac 122 Tukidide.indd 122 01.04.2013 14:47:15 yvelaferi gaviReT elinTaTvis, Tqven winaSe ususurebi da mitovebulebi vdgavarT. maSindel mokavSireTagan aravin gvexmareba da Tqvenc, lakedemonelebo, Cveno ukanasknelo imedo, gvtovebT. da mainc, Cveni samxedro kavSiris mfarveli RmerTebis saxeliT, Cveni Zveli damsaxurebebis gamo gTxovT, gulmowy aleba gamoiCinoT da SearbiloT sasjeli, Tu Tebelebis xaTriT Cveni dasja gadagiwyvetiaT. Cven samarTlian wyalo bas moviTxovT. nu dasjiT maT, vinc sasjels ar imsaxurebs. maSin, TebelTa samarcxvino madlierebis nacvlad, Tqven moipovebT Cvens gulwrfel madlierebas da ar SebRalavT Tqvens patiosan saxels. Cveni daxocva iolia, am sircxvilis Camorecxva ki – Zneli. Cven xom mtrebi ki ara, megobrebi varT, uneblieT mogviwia erTmaneTTan brZolam. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom Cven dagnebdiT da Sewyaleba gTxoveT. amitom elinTa wminda kanoni Cvens daxocvas gikrZalavT. SexedeT Tqveni winaprebis saflavebs, vinc midielebTan omSi daeca da Cvens miwazea damarxuli. Cven yovelwliurad pativs mivagebT maT da msxverpls vwiravT. Tqven ki CvenTvis usamarTlo ganaCenis gamotana gsurT. rodesac pavsaniasi Tqvens daRupulebs aq krZalavda, fiqrobda, rom isini megobar qveyanaSi iqnebod nen. magram Tu Cven dagvsjiT da miwas Tebelebs miscemT, gana Tqveni winaprebi mtris miwaze ar aRmoCndebian? garda amisa, Tu daim orCilebT miwas, sadac elinebma Tavisufleba moipo ves, Tqven daangrevT im RmerTebis salocavebs, visac elinebi midielTa Zlevas SesTxovdnen da maT kuTvnil msxverplSe wirvas moaklebT. Tu daarRvevT zogadelinur kanonebs da winaparTa pati viscemis wess, da daRupavT Tqvens Zvel megobrebs, romlebsac Tqven winaSe danaSauli ar miuZRviT, amiT saxels ver moipo vebT. daindeT Cveni sicocxle. dafiqrdiT imaze, ramdenad mZimea Cveni xvedri da Seusabamo Cveni damsaxurebebisa, da 123 Tukidide.indd 123 01.04.2013 14:47:15 imazec, Tu ramdeni gansacdeli SeiZleba moumzados bedma Tundac udanaSaulo adamians. am mZime mdgomareob aSi gTxovT da mivmarTavT elinTa RmerTebs, rom damajerebloba Sematon Cvens Txovnas: nu daiviwyebT Tqveni mamebis mier dadebul fics da Tqvens winaparTa saflavebTan gTxovT, dagvicvaT TebelTagan, ar dauTmoT Tqveni sauk eTeso megobrebi uboro tes mters. am gansacdelis Jams SegaxsenebT im dRes, rodesac Cven erTad CavidineT gmiroba. axla unda davasruloT Cveni sityva da es Zalze Znelia adamian isTvis, vinc icis, rom sity vis damTavrebasTan erTad misi sikvdilic axlovdeba. Cveni ukanaskneli sityva aseTia: Cven Tebelebs ar davnebebivarT, vamjobinebdiT SimSiliT davxociliyaviT. Cven Tqven mog marTeT daxmarebisTvis. Tu Cven Txovnas ar SeismenT, Tqveni valia, dagvabrunoT im mdgomareobaSi, romelSic danebebamde viyaviT, raTa Cven TviTon avirCioT, rogor movkvdeT. kvlav gTxovT, nu gadagvcemT Tebelebs, nu dagvRupavT maSin, rode sac sxva elinebs aTavisuflebT.~ imis SiSiT, rom am gamosvlas lakedemonelebze gavlena ar moexdina, Tebelebmac iTxoves sityva: `Cven sityvas ar moviTxovdiT, plateel ebs mokled rom epasuxaT dasmul kiTxvaze. amis nacvlad maT agvavses bralde bebiT, didi dro dauTmes Tavis marTlebas imaSi, raSic aravin adanaSaulebs da Tavs iwonebdnen damsaxurebebiT, rasac ara vin uaryofs. iZulebulebi varT, vupasuxoT braldebebs da gavabaTiloT maTi dasabuTeba. arc Cveni simdable da arc maTi saxeli ar unda gamoadgeT maT Tavis samarTleblad. magram sanam ganaCens gamoitanT, moismineT simarTle. Cveni mtroba plateelebTan ase daiwyo. mas Semdeg, rac beotia davasaxleT, davikaveT platea da sxva adgilebi, saidanac ganvdevneT sxva xalxebi. Tavdapirveli Tanxmobis miuxedavad, plateelebma, sxva beotielTagan gansxvavebiT, ar isurves Cveni ufrosoba da daarRvies mamapapaTa wesi, radgan aTenelTa mxares gadavidnen. 124 Tukidide.indd 124 01.04.2013 14:47:15 maTi sityviT, barbarosis Semosevis dros beotielTagan mxolod isini ar gadasulan midielTa mxareze. isini amiT amayoben da Cven RalatSi gvdeben brals. Cven ki vamtkicebT, rom isini ar SeuerTdnen midielebs mxolod imitom, rom aTe nelebs mihbaZes. Semdegac, rodesac aTenelebi eladas daupi rispirdnen, beotielTagan mxolod plateelebi gamovidnen maT mxareze. daakvirdiT, ramdenad gansxvavebul mdgomare obaSi viyaviT, rodesac Cven midielTa mxare daviWireT, maT ki aTenelTa. maSin Cven ar gvqonda arc Tanaswori oligarqia, arc demokratia. Cveni maSindeli saxelmwifo wyoba ar iyo kanonieri da uaxlovdeboda tiranias. Zalauflebas adamian Ta patara jgufi flobda. mmarTvelebs imedi hqondaT, rom midielis gamarjvebis Semdeg kidev ufro ganimtkicebdnen xelisuflebas, da maT SemouSves midielebi qveyanaSi. maSin qveyana ar iyo damoukidebeli da amitom mas ver davadanaSa ulebT im ukanono drois Secdomebis gamo. midielTa wasvlis Semdeg CvenTan kanonma gaimarjva da Cven daviwyeT aTenelTa winaaRmdeg brZola, radgan isini cdilobdnen sxva elinTa da maT Soris Cvens damorCilebas. EelinTa SeuT anxmeblobis gamo, aTenelebma moaxerxes eladis didi nawilis dapyro ba, magram Cven davamarcxeT isini koroneasTan da gavaTavi sufleT beotia. axla Cven vcdilobT dagexmaroT danarCen elinTa gaTavisuflebaSi, gawvdiT mxedrebs da sursaTs sxva mokavSireebze ufro meti raodenobiT. es pasuxi sakmarisia imisTvis, rom midielebTan TanamSromlobaSi braldebisgan Tavi vimarTloT. axla vecdebiT vaCvenoT, rom swored plateelebma mouta nes elinebs ziani da Cven ki ara, isini imsaxureben sasjels. Tqven ambobT, rom daukavSirdiT aTenelebs da miiReT maTi moqalaqeoba, raTa winaaRmdegoba gagewiaT CvenTvis. am Sem TxvevaSi Tqven unda dasjerebodiT maT daxmarebas mxolod Cven winaaRmdeg da ar dasxmodiT Tavs sxvebs maTTan erTad. 125 Tukidide.indd 125 01.04.2013 14:47:15 Tqven SegeZloT, ar daxmarebodiT aTenelebs. xolo Tu aTe nelebi gaiZulebdnen, maSin ukve arsebobda lakedemonelTa kavSiri midielTan sabrZolvelad. es kavSiri ara marto dagi cavdaT, aramed, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, srul Tavisuf lebasac mogcemdaT Sinauri saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi. Tqven ki sakuTari nebiT miemxreT aTenelebs. Tqven ambobT, rom ver uRalatebdiT Tqvens keTilismyofels, magram uRala teT yvela elins, visTanac fici gakavSirebdaT, da miemxreT maT dammoneblebs. Tqven gauwieT aTenelebs samsaxuri, rac samarcxvinoa. Tqven sTxoveT maT daxmareba Cvens winaaRmdeg, xolo Semdeg maTTan erTad sCadiodiT usamarTlobas. cxa dia, sikeTes sikeTiT unda upasuxo, magram sircxvilia, Tu samarTlianobis dacvisTvis iseTi saqmiT miuzRavT, romelic usamarTlobas amkvidrebs. amgvarad, Tqven ar gadaxvediT midielTa mxares ara eli nebis, aramed aTenelTa gamo. radgan aTenelTa mxare dai WireT da maTTan erTad bolomde ibrZodiT, axla sakuTari Tavis gadasarCenad nuRar ixsenebT Zvel kavSirs. Tqven mas uRalateT, radgan exmarebodiT aTenelebs eginelTa da sxva mokavSireTa damonebaSi da amas SvrebodiT Cvengan gansxvave biT ara iZulebiT, aramed sakuTari nebiT demokratiuli wyobis pirobebSi. Tqven aseve uaryaviT bolo winadadeba alyis dawyebamde – SegenarCunebinaT mSvidoba da darCeni liyaviT neitralurebi. Tqven ki Tqveni Rirseba elinTa dasa Rupad gamoiyeneT da amitom siZulvils imsaxurebT. Tu adre sagmiro saqmeebs CadiodiT, axlandeli saqcieliT aCveneT, vinc xarT. Tqveni buneba da miswrafebebi maSin gamovlinda, rodesac aTenelebTan erTad usamarTlobis gzas daadeqiT. ai, ra unda gveTqva Cvens iZulebiT kavSirze midielebTan da aTenelebisadmi Tqvens erTgulebaze. rac Seexeba Tqvens braldebebs, rom ukanonod davesxiT Tqvens qalaqs zeimisas, aqac migvaCnia, rom Cveni brali Tqven 126 Tukidide.indd 126 01.04.2013 14:47:15 saze meti ar aris. ar uarvyofT, rom usamarTlod moviqce odiT, umizezod rom davsxmodiT Tavs Tqvens qalaqs, magram Cven mogvixmes Tqvenma saukeTeso moqalaqeebma, raTa gamogvey vaneT ucxo kavSiridan da dagvebrunebineT saerTo beot iur ojaxSi. maS, raRaSia Cveni danaSauli? arc isini da arc Cven damnaSave ar varT. rogorc moqalaqeebma, maT did safrTxe Si Caigdes Tavi, rodesac WiSkari gagviRes. maT Segviyvanes qalaqSi rogorc megobrebi. maT surdaT Tqven Soris uaresebi gadaerCinaT saboloo dacemisgan, xolo saukeTesoebs mieR oT is, rac ekuTvnodaT. rogorc mkacr maswavleblebs, maT sur daT Tqveni gamosworeba da ara qveynis gaCanageba moqalaqeTa gandevniT da mokvliT. isini cdilobdnen, daebrunebineT naTesavTa kavSirSi, raTa yvelasTan mSvidobianad gecxovraT. Cven rom mtruli ganzraxviT ar movsulvarT, iqidanac Cans, rom aravisTvis araferi dagviSavebia da pirdapir mivmarTeT keTil moqalaqeebs, visac beotielTa kavSiris aRdgena surs, gadmosuliyvnen Cvens mxares. Tavidan Tqvenc megobrulad miiReT es winadadeba da SegviTanxmdiT. mxolod mas mere, rac Cveni mcirericxovneba aRmoaCineT, SemogvitieT. Tu Tqven CaTvaleT, rom arasworad moviqeciT, rodesac mTeli xalxis Tanxmobis gareSe movediT TqvenTan, mainc ar unda migemarTaT ZaladobisTvis. Tqven daarRvieT SeTanxmeba da Tavs dagvesxiT. Cven imdenad brZolaSi daRupulebs ar vglovobT, ramdenadac tyveebis sikvdils, romlebic Sewyalebas iTxovdnen da Tqven, pirobis miuxedavad, daxoceT. gana es saSineli danaSauli ar aris? ramdenime saaTis manZilze Tqven sami danaSaul i CaidineT: daarRvieT SeTanxmeba, daxoceT tyveebi da mogvatyueT, rom ar dasjidiT maT, Tu Tqvens qonebasa da yanebs davindobdiT. axla ki Cven gvadanaSaulebT. ara, Tu lakedemoneli mosamar Tleebi sworad gansjian, Tqven unda zRoT yvela danaSauli. lakedemonelebo, Cven yvelaferi giTxariT da magaTi das jiT samarTlianad moiqceviT. nu miscemT nebas, warsuli 127 Tukidide.indd 127 01.04.2013 14:47:15 damsaxurebebiT mogilbon guli. amis gaxsenebis ufleba aqvs mxolod udanaSaulod dazaralebuls, ukeTuri saqmis Cam deni ki ormagad damnaSavea. nu daindobT maT wuwunis gamo, Tqveni mamebis saflavebis xaTriT. Cven gagaxsenebT Cvens axalgazrdebs, romlebic plateel ebma daxoces. maTi mamebi an koroneasTan daiRupnen, rodesac beotiis Tqvens mxare ze moqcevas cdilobdnen, an dRes ukve moxucebi dastirian TavianT Svilebs da Tqven gTxoven, dasajoT plateel ebi. is, vinc daumsaxureblad itanjeba, metad imsaxurebs sibraluls, xolo Tu mZime bedi elis mas, vinc es daimsaxura, rogorc plateelebma, es mxolod unda gvaxarebdes. dRes isini mar to arian, radgan TviTon uaryves saukeTeso mokavSireebi. Cven ukanonod mogveqcnen: maT siZulvili amoqmedebdaT da ara samarTlianoba, amisTvis ki jerac ar dasjilan. maT daimsaxures sasjeli, radgan brZolis velze ki ar uTxovi aT Sewyaleba, aramed danebebis Semdeg TviTon gadawyvites damorCilebodnen Tqvens sasamarTlos. maS, aiZuleT isev, pativi scen elinur kanonebs da miuzReT CvenTvis moyenebuli borotebisTvis. xels nu gvkravT maTi sityvebis gamo, mieciT magaliTi elinebs, rom gansjiT maT ara sityvebis, aramed saq meebis mixedviT. maT sagmiro saqmeebs zedmeti laparaki ar sWirdeba, xolo Tu isini damnaSaveni arian, lamazi sityvebi mxolod simarTles daamaxinjebs. Tu yvela beladi saqmis garCevas mokle da mkafio SekiTxvamde daiyvans, adamianebs naklebi safuZveli eqnebaT, ipovon lamazi sityvebi usamar Tlobis dasafaravad.~ aseTi iyo TebelTa gamosvla. lakedemonelma mosamar Tleebma dausves SekiTxva imis Sesaxeb, ra samsaxuri gauwies maT plateelebma omis dros. isini imasac iTvaliswinebdnen, rom plateelebma uaryves maTi winadadeba neitralitetis Sesaxeb, rac pavsaniasTan dadebuli Zveli xelSekrulebidan gamomdinareobda. alyis win lakedemonelebma kvlav gaume 128 Tukidide.indd 128 01.04.2013 14:47:15 ores es winadadeba da kvlav uari miiRes. amiT, maTi azriT, plateel ebma daarRvies xelSekruleba da Tavi mtris mdgo mareobaSi Caiyenes. lakedemonelebi rig-rigobiT iZaxebdnen plateelebs da erTsa da imave kiTxvas usvamdnen, gauwies Tu ara maT lakedemonelebs samsaxuri omSi. rodesac plateele bi uariT pasuxobdnen, lakedemonelebi xocavdnen maT. sul sikvdiliT dasajes orasi plateeli da ocdaxuTi aTeneli, vinc Tavidanve plateelebTan erTad iyo alyaSi. qalebi ki monebad gayides. qalaqi Tebelebma erTi wliT gadasces mega relebs da maT momxre plateelebs. SemdgomSi ki is mTlianad daangries da heras samlocvelos maxloblad kvadratuli orsarTuliani nageboba aaSenes. qalaqidan wamoRebuli liTo nis nivTebisgan sawolebi daamzades da heras Seswires. heras auges asi wyrTis sigrZis qvis samlocveloc. plateis olqi sazogado sakuTrebad aqcies da aTi wliT ijariT gadasces Tebelebs. lakedemonelTa aseTi simkacre ganpirobebuli iyo maTi surviliT, esiamovnebinaT mokavSire TebelebisTvis. aseTi bedi ewia plateas, romelic daingra aTenTan kavSiris dadebidan oTxmocdacameti wlis Semdeg. amasobaSi, peloponeselTa lesboselTa dasaxmareblad gagzavnili ormoci xomaldi aTenel mdevars gaurboda. kre tis maxloblad eskadra qariSxalSi mohyva da Zlivs miaRwia peloponesis napirebs. maT Seeg eba levkadelTa da amprakiel Ta cameti trieri da brasidasi, romelic lakedemonelebma alkides gaugzavnes mrCevelad. lesbosze warumateblobis Semdeg lakedemonelebma gadawyvites, gaeZlier ebinaT floti da wasuliyvnen kerkiraze, sadac am dros Sida dapirispireba iyo. aTenelTa eskadra navpaqtosSi mxolod Tormeti xomal disgan Sedgeboda. lakedemonelebs surdaT, kunZulamde manam mieRwiaT, sanam aTenelebi damxmare Zalebs miiRebdnen. sazRvao brZolebsa da epidamnosis omSi korinTelebis mier datyvevebul kerkirelebis Sin dabrunebis Semdeg daiwyo par 129 Tukidide.indd 129 01.04.2013 14:47:15 tiuli brZola. tyveebi TiTqos rvaasi talantis safasurad gaa Tavisufles. sinamdvileSi ki maT kerkira korinTelTa mxareze unda gadaeyvanaT. gaTavisuflebulebma saxlebSi Camoua res moqalaqeebs da maT aTenis winaaRmdeg ajanyebaze dayoliebas Seec adnen. amasobaSi kerkiraze aTeneli da korinTeli elCebi Cavidnen. saxalxo krebaze orive mxaris gamosvlis Semdeg ker kirelebma aTenelebTan kavSirSi darCena da peloponeselebTan megobruli urTierTobis aRdgena gadawyvites. demokratiuli frTis beladi iyo piTiasi, aTenelTa ki – proqsenosi. korinTosidan dabrunebulma moqalaqeebma mas sasamarTloSi uCivles, TiTqos igi kerkiras aTenisaTvis damorCilebas apirebda. piTiasma Tavi imarTla da Tavis mxriv daad anaSaula Tavisi xuTi yvelaze mdidari metoqe imaSi, rom maT vazis sayrdenebi zevsisa da alkinoosis wminda tyeebSi moWres. TiTo sayrdenisTvis jarima erTi stateri iyo. sasa marTlom mdidrebi gaamtyuna, gadasaxadi iseTi didi iyo, rom braldebulebi zevsisa da alkinoosis samlocveloebSi mividnen da jarimis nawil-nawil gadaxda iTxoves. piTiasma, romelic sabWos wevric iyo, moiTxova, rom damnaSaveebs kano nis mTeli simkacriT mopyrobodnen. uaris Semdeg braldebu lebma SeTqmuleba moawyves. isini Secvivdnen sabWos SenobaSi da piTiasi da samoci kaci daxoces. piTiasis mxolod ramdenime momxrem Seafara Tavi atikur xomalds. xalxis momxreTa daxocvis Semdeg, SeTqmulebma moiwvies saxalxo kreba da gamoacxades, rom es xalxis sakeTildReod da aTenelTa batonobisgan gasaTavisufleblad gaakeTes. ami eridan maT unda daek etaT navsadguri mowinaaRmdege mxareTa xomaldebisTvis, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mxolod erTi xomaldi modioda mSvidobiani mizniT. oligarqebma saxalxo krebas miaRebines gadawyvetileba, Semdeg saswrafod elCebi gagzavnes aTenSi, raTa gadatrialebis Sesaxeb TavianTTvis misaRebi formiT ecnobebinaT. 130 Tukidide.indd 130 01.04.2013 14:47:15 elCebi aTenSi CasvlisTanave daapatimres, rogorc ajanye bulebi, da eginaze gagzavnes. amasobaSi kerkiraze oligarqebi aSkarad daesxnen Tavs demokratebs da SetakebaSi gaim arjves kidec. RamiT demokratebi akropolisze da qalaqis amaRle bul nawilSi gamagrdnen. maT aq Tavi mouy ares sakuTar Zalebs da daikaves hilaiis navsadguri, mowinaaRmdegeebma ki daiWire maTi saxlebis axlos bazris moedani. meore dRes Setakebebi ganaxlda. orive mxare Sikrikebs gzavnida mimdebare soflebSi, raTa Tavisuflebis dapirebiT monebi miemxroT. monaTa umravlesoba demokratebs miemxro, demokratTa mowinaaRmdegeebs ki materikidan rvaasi kaci moeSvela. meore dRes daiwyo brZola. amjerad xalxma gaimarjva, romelsac ricxobrivi upiratesobac hqonda da ukeTesi pozi ciac ekava. brZolaSi qalebic monawileobdnen. isini saxurave bidan kramitebs isrodnen. oligarqebi damarcxdnen da RamiT cecxli waukides saxlebs, raTa metoqis winsvlisTvis xeli SeeSalaT. arc sakuTari da arc sxvisi saxlebi ar daundiaT. bevri saqoneli daiwva. orive mxare Rame fxizlad iyo. korin TelTa xomaldma sibneleSi datova kunZuli. materikidan mosuli damxmare razmebic aseve SeumCnevlad ukan gabrundnen. meore dRes kerkiraze navpaqtosidan aTeneli sardali nikostratosi Cavida Tormeti xomaldiTa da xuTasi meseni eli hoplitiT. is Seecada mSvidoba daemyarebina kunZulze. misi rCeviT, orive mxares unda gadaec a sasamarTlosTvis aTi damnaSave, romlebic maSinve gaiqcnen. danarCenebs ki mSvidobi anad unda ecxovraT da aTenelebTan samxedro kavSiri daedoT. kerkirelTa Serigebis Semdeg nikostratosi ukan gabrunebas apirebda, magram xalxis beladebma sTxoves mas, xuTi xomaldi daet ovebina da sanacvlod kerkirelTa xomaldebi waeyvana. nikostratosi daTanxmda da am xomaldebisTvis ekipaJi maTi mowinaaRmdegeebisgan SearCia. SerCeulebma imis SiSiT, rom maT 131 Tukidide.indd 131 01.04.2013 14:47:15 aTenSi gzavnidnen, dioskurebis samlocvelos Seafares Tavi. nikostratosi cdilobda maT damSvidebas, magram uSedegod. demokratebi darwmunebuli iyvnen, rom undobloba da aTenSi wasvlaze uari mowinaaRmdegeTa boroti ganzraxvis dasturi iyo, amitom gadawyvites gasworebodnen maT. nikostratosi rom ara, albaT daxocavdnen kidec maT. oligarqiis oTxas amde momxrem Tavi heras samlocvelos Seafara. demokratebma ki, Semdgomi Zaladobis SiSiT, daarwmunes isini, kunZulze gada suliyvnen heras samlocvelos maxloblad da iq maT sursaTi miutanes. am dros, oligarqebis kunZulze gadayvanidan meoTxe Tu mexuTe dRes, peloponeselTa ormocdacameti xomaldi alki desisa da brasidasis sardlobiT kerkirisken gaemarTa. demokratiuli xelisufleba SeSfoTda. xalxs Sida mtre bisac iseve eSinoda, rogorc peloponeselTa xomaldebis. maSinve gadawyvites, aReWurvaT samoci xomaldi da gaeg zavnaT mtris winaaRmdeg. aTenelebma Tavad iTaves mterTan Sexvedra, kerkirelebs ki urCies, mihyolodnen maT, rodesac mzad iqnebodnen. rodesac kerkirelTa naCqarevad aRWurvili xomaldebi mowinaaRmdegeebs miuaxlovdnen, maTi ori xomaldi mtris mxares gadavida, sxvebze ki uwesrigoba daiwyo. pelo poneselebma SeamCnies ganxeTqileba mowinaaRmdegis rigebSi da oci xomaldi kerkirelTa winaaRmdeg gauSves, danarCeni Zalebi ki aTenelTa Tormeti xomaldis winaaRmdeg mimarTes. kerkirelebma maT uwesrigod Seuties da didi danakargi naxes. aTenelebma mowinaaRmdegis ricxobrivi upiratesobisa da alyaSi moxvedris SiSiT ver gabedes maT mTavar Zalebze Tavdasxma. isini mowinaaRmdegeTa eskadris frTas daupiris pirdnen da erTi xomaldi CaZires. rodesac mowinaaRmdegeTa gemebma wre Sekres, aTenelebma maT gars Semoua res da Seviwro eba dauwyes. peloponeselebma, romlebic kerkirelTa pirispir idgnen, SeamCnies aTenelTa manevri. maT SeeSindaT navpaqtosis 132 Tukidide.indd 132 01.04.2013 14:47:15 warumateblobis ganmeorebisa da mieSvelnen Tavisian ebs. axla mTeli peloponeselTa eskadra aTenelebs utevda. aTenelebma daiwyes neli ukan daxeva, riTac kerkirelebs gadarCenis Sansi misces. es sazRvao brZola mzis Casvlisas dasrulda. kerkiris demokratebs eSinodaT, rom gamarjvebis Semdeg mowinaaRmdege qalaqs daesxmoda Tavs an kunZulidan oli garqebs waiyvanda. maSin maT oligarqebi heras samlocveloSi daabrunes da qalaqSi dacva gaaZlieres. peloponeselebma, miuxedavad imisa, rom brZola moiges, ver gabedes qalaqze zRvidan Tavdasxma da Tavis sadgomisken gabrundnen xelSi Cagdebul camet kerkirul gemTan erTad. meore dResac ver gabedes qalaqze Tavdasxma. rogorc amboben, brasidasi urCev da alkides, ecadaT aeRoT qalaqi, magram ver daiyolia igi. peloponeselebi levkimes koncxTan gadmosxdnen da qveynis aoxreba daiwyes. amasobaSi demokratebma peloponeselTa Tavdasxmis SiSiT taZrebSi SefarebulebTan da sxva mowinaaRmdegeebTan mola parakeba daiwyes qalaqis dacvis Taobaze. zogi daiTanxmes, xomaldze emsaxura. demokratebma moaxerxes kidev ocdaaTi xomaldis aRWurva. peloponeselebi SuadRemde aCanagebdnen qveyanas, Semdeg ki ukan gabrundnen. daRamebisas sasignalo cecxlma maT aTenelTa samoci xomaldis moaxloeba amcno. es xomaldebi aTenelebma gamogzavnes, rodesac ajanyebisa da alkidesis laSqrobis Sesaxeb gaiges. peloponeselebi RamiTve saswrafod Sinisken gaem arTnen. jer sanapiros gaswvriv micuravdnen, mere ki levkadasTan xme leTiT gadaaTries xomaldebi, rom mowinaaRmdeges ar SeeniSna. atikuri xomaldebis moaxloeba rom Seityves, demokra tebma qalaqSi Seiyvanes meseniuri razmebi, xolo xomaldebi kunZulis garSemo gagzavnes hilaiis navsadgurisken. sanam es xomaldebi gzaSi iyvnen, demokratebma qalaqSi Tavis mowina aRmdegeTa xocva daiwyes. mowinaaRmdegeebi, vinc xomaldeb 133 Tukidide.indd 133 01.04.2013 14:47:15 ze msaxurobda, napirze Camosxes da daxoces. Semdeg heras samlocveloSi Sefarebulebi daarwmunes, warmdgariyvnen sasamrTlos winaSe da yvelas sikvdili miusajes. SefarebulTa didi nawili ar gamovida samlocvelodan rodesac naxa, gareT ra xdeboda, da erTmaneTi daxoces wminda adgilas. Svidi dRis ganmavlobaSi, sanam aTenelebis samoci xomaldi kunZulze rCeboda, demokratebi Jletdnen Tanamoqalaqeebs, visac ki mtrebad miiCnevdnen. maT demokratiis xelyofaSi sdebdnen brals, sinamdvileSi zogi piradi mtrobiT mokles, zogic movaleebma – fulis gamo. kunZuli sikvdilma moicva. yvela ubedureba, rac gadatrialebas Tan axlavs, kerkiras daatyda Tavs. mama Svils klavda, Sewyalebis mTxovnels sakurTxe velTan klavdnen, zogic dionises samlocveloSi amoqoles. aseT sisastikemde mivida Sinaomi. aman saSineli STabeWdi leba moaxdina, gansakuTrebiT imitom, rom aseTi ram pirvelad moxda. SemdgomSi mTeli elinuri samyaro Searyia partiebis brZolam. yvela qveyanaSi saxalxo partia aTenelebs uxmobda dasaxmareblad, oligarqiuli ki – lakedemonelebs. mSvido bian periodSi partiebis beladebs amis arc safuZveli hqon daT da arc survili. axla ki, rodesac aTeni da lakedemoni erTmaneTs ebrZodnen, orive mxares iolad SeeZlo mokavSiris povna mowinaaRmdegis dasaTrgunad da ukmayofiloni sixaru liT iwvevdnen ucxoelebs politikur cvlilebaTa imediT. SinaaSlilobis Sedegad, qveynebs mravali ubedureba daaty da Tavs, rac adrec arsebobda da mudam iarsebebs, sanam ada mianis buneba ucvlelia. mSvidobisa da keTildReobis dros saxelmwifoc da kerZo piric Tavis qmedebebSi xelmZRvane lobs saukeTeso survilebiT, radganac maTi Tavisufleba ar aris SezRuduli. omi ki Zaladobas aswavlis. is cvlis cxovrebis Cveul nirs da adamian ebs Sesabamis survilebsa da ganwyobas uqmnis. Sinaurma brZolebma mTeli elada moicva. qveynebi, romlebic ufro gvian CaerTnen, igebdnen, ra xde 134 Tukidide.indd 134 01.04.2013 14:47:15 boda sxvasTan da kidev ufro Sors midiodnen TavianT Cana fiqrebSi. isini aRematebodnen winamorbedebs veragobiTa da sisastikiT. sityvebis Cveuli mniSvnelobac ki Seicvala adamianis moqmedebaTa Sefasebisas. ugunuri simamace gambe daobad iTvleboda, gonieri sifrTxile – SeniRbul laCro bad, zomiereba – uniaTobad, yovelmxrivi ganxilva – srul umoqmedobad. uzomo sificxe Rirsebad iqca, usafrTxoebaze zrunva ki – moqmedebisTvis Tavis aridebis mizezad. kaci, vinc yvelas lanZRavda da yvelafriT ukmayofilo iyo, ndobas imsa xurebda. misi metoqe ki, piriqiT, eWvs iwvevda. warmatebuli da eSmaki kaci gamWriax ad iTvleboda, xolo vinc mis gegmebs amoicnobda, kidev ufro yoCaRad. mas ki, vinc winaswar gadawy vita, uari eTqva politikur brZolaze, Tavisi partiis mtrad Tvlidnen, xolo visac mowinaaRmdegis SeeSinda, mxdalad. aqebdnen mas, visac SeeZlo dabezRebiT daeswro mis winaaR mdeg Cafiqrebuli xlarTebisTvis an sxvebi CaerTo amgvar qmedebebSi. politikuri kavSirebi naTesaurze mtkice iyo da saZmos wevrebi erTad nebismier saxifaTo saqmeze midiodnen. amgvari organizaciebi sazogado sikeTes da kanonis dacvas ki ar emsaxurebodnen, aramed kerZo interesebs. am xalxis erTmaneTisadmi erTguleba emyareboda ara RmerTebis kano nis dacvas, aramed maT erTobliv darRvevas. isini iRebdnen mowinaaRmdegis mSvidobian winadadebas, Tu marcxdebodnen. dazavebisas micemuli fici orive mxares drois mogebis saSu alebad miaCnda. is maT akavebda mxolod manam, sanam axali brZolisTvis Zalas ar moikrebdnen. vinc dros ixelTebda da fics mindobil metoqes Tavs daesxmoda, tkbeboda SurisZi ebiT. mterze veragobiT gamarjvebiT warmatebis mopovebac SeiZleboda da saxelisac: adamianTa umravlesobas urCevnia moxerxebul matyuarad iTvlebodes, vidre patiosan sulelad. am ubedurebaTa mizezi Zalauflebis wyurvilia, romelic sixarbesa da pativmoyvareobas emyareba. orive partiis Tavka 135 Tukidide.indd 135 01.04.2013 14:47:15 cebi lamaz sityvebs amboben – `Tanasworoba yvelasTvis~, an `zomier i aristokratia~. isini amtkiceben, rom qveynis sike TisTvis ibrZvian, sinamdvileSi ki – batonobas eswrafvian. TiToeuli cdilobs, daamarcxos metoqe da aTasgvar danaSauls sCadis. SurisZiebaSi kidev ufro Sors midian. gayalbebuli ken WisyriT an ZaladobiT xelisuflebis mopovebis Semdeg isini mzad arian, nebismier dros gamoavlinon TavianTi siZulvili mowinaaRmdegisadmi. patiosneba da RmerTebis SiSi maTTvis litoni sityvebis, xolo, vinc usindiso saqmeebs lamazi fra zebiT niRbavs, saxelsac ixveWs. is moqalaqeebi, romlebic arc erT partias ar ekuTvnian, orive mxaris msxverpli xdebian, radgan calke dganan da ukve amiT maTdami siZulvils iwveven. partiebis brZolam eladaSi yvelanairi mankiereba da usin disoba warmoSva, ubraloeb a da sikeTe ki dacinvis sagani gaxda da gaqra. yvelgan moqiSpe partieb i iyo. maT ukve veraferi Sea rigebda. yvela darwmunebuli iyo, rom saerTo usafrTxoeb a aRar arsebobda, amitom yvelas Tavis Tavze unda ezruna da sxvas ar ndoboda. am brZolaSi naklebad ganviTarebuli da naklebad ganaTlebuli xalxi imarjvebda. isini grZnobdnen Tavis arasrulfasovnebas, eSinodaT, rom mowinaaRmdegis Wkuisa da eSmakobis msxverplni gaxdebodnen da Tamamad mimar Tavdnen Zaladobas. sxvebi ki, vinc qedmaRlurad miiCnevda, rom yvelaferi gaiTvaliswina da Zaladobis gareSe gavidoda fons, sifxizles kargavdnen da iRupebodnen. am borotebaTa umetesoba pirvelad kerkiraze gaCnda. zogi gamoiwvia SurisZieb is grZnobam im mmarTvelTa mimarT, romlebic tiranebis msgavsad ugunurad da TviTneburad iqceodnen. sxva boroteba siRaribisgan Tavis daRwevisa da ukanonod gamdidrebis survilma gaaCina. zogi danaSauli siZulvilma warmoSva da ukidures sisastikes aRwevda. qveya naSi cxovreba moiSala. adamianis buneba xom yovelTvis mzadaa kanonis dasarRvevad, axla ki qvena grZnobebs gasaqani mieca. 136 Tukidide.indd 136 01.04.2013 14:47:15 aseTi ambebi datrialda kerkiraze. amasobaSi aTenel Ta eskadra ukan gabrunda. SemdgomSi kerkiradan devnilma oligarqebma daikaves simagre kunZulis mopirdapire mxares, saidanac periodulad Tavs esxmodnen da awuxebdnen kerki relebs. maT daxmareba sTxoves lakedemonsa da korinToss, magram uSedegod. Semdeg gaamzades satransporto gemebi, iqiraves mebrZolebi da eqvsasi kaciT kunZulze gadasxdnen. mebrZolebisTvis ukandasaxevi rom moeWraT, gemebi dawves, da istones mTaze gamagrdnen. aqedan agrZelebdnen moqala qeTa rbevas. imave zafxulis miwuruls aTenelebma laqetesis sardlo biT oci xomaldi gagzavnes siciliaze. amis mizezi siraku zelTa da leontinelTa omi iyo. sirakuzelebs miemxrnen sxva doriuli qveynebic, kamarinis garda, romlebic omis dawyeb isTanave Sevidnen lakedemonis kavSirSi, magram brZo laSi monawileobas ar iRebdnen. leontinelTa mxares ki qal kidelTa qveynebi da kamarina iyvnen. italiaSi sirakuzelebs lokrebi SeuerTdnen, leontinelebs ki – regielebi. rodesac leontinelTa mokavSireebs gauWirdaT, maT dasaxmareblad aTens mimarTes. aTenelebma Zveli megobrobis sababiT eskad ra gagzavnes, sinamdvileSi maT peloponesSi puris miwodebis Seferxeba da siciliis dapyroba ainteresebdaT. aTenelebi italiaSi gadasxdnen da mokavSireebs mieSvelnen. ase damTav rda zafxuli. momdevno zamTars Wirma isev ifeTqa aTenSi. amjerad is mTel weliwads mZvinvarebda. am ubedurebam didad Searyia aTenis Zliereba. siebSi SetanilTagan oTxi aTas oTxasi hop liti da samasi mxedari daiRupa, danarCeni mosaxleobidan ki – ramdeni, veravin moTvlis. xSiri iyo miwisZvrebic aTenSi, evbeas a da beotiaS i. zamTarSi siciliaze myofma aTenelebma da regieleb ma dalaSqres eolosis kunZulebi. kunZulebi knidoselTa 137 Tukidide.indd 137 01.04.2013 14:47:15 kolonist liparielebs ekuTvniT. mosaxleoba mxolod erT kunZulze cxovrobs, sxvebze ki gadadian da miwas amuSave ben. maT sjeraT, rom iq aris hefestosis samWedlo, radgan RamiT cecxlis sveti Cndeba. aTenelebma daarbies kunZulebi, magram mosaxleoba ver daimorCiles da ukan gabrundnen. ase dasrulda omis mexuTe weli. momdevno zafxuls peloponeselebi mefe agisis, arqidamo sis Zis sardlobiT atikis dasalaSqrad emzadebodnen, magram ukan gabrundnen xSiri miwisZvrebis gamo. daaxloebiT imave dros miwisZvris gamo evbeaze, orobiasSi zRvam ukan daixia, Semdeg ki uzarmazari talRebi daatyda Tavs qalaqs. sadac adre xmeleTi iyo, axla zRvaa. amasTan, bevri xalxi daiRupa. msgavsi wyaldidoba moxda kunZul atalantazec, sadac zRvam aTenelTa simagris nawili daangria da erTi xomaldi daazi ana. pepareTosTanac zRvam odnav ukan daixia da miwisZvram galavnis nawili, navsadguri da ramdenime saxli daangria. im zafxuls siciliaze omi grZeldeboda. siciliel i eline bi erTmaneTs eomebodnen, aTenelebi ki TavianT mokavSireebs exmarebodnen. aTeneli sardlis qareadasis daRupvis Semdeg laqetesma gadaibara mTavarsardloba da mokavSirebTan erTad qalaq mileze gailaSqra. qalaqis garnizoni Causafrda aTe nelebs, magram aTenelebma gaaqcies mowinaaRmdege, Semdeg Seuties cixesimagres da aiZules mteri, danebebuliyo da maTTan erTad mesenas winaaRmdeg wasuliyo. bolos da bolos, mesenac danebda, maT aTenelebs mZevlebi da erTgulebis garantia misces. imave zafxuls aTenelebma ocdaaTi xomaldisgan Semdgari eskadra gagzavnes demosTenesis da proklosis sardlobiT peloponesis napirebTan. agreTve, samoci xomaldi da ori aTasi hopliti gagzavnes melosze nikiasis sardlobiT. aTene lebs undodaT meloselTa damorCileba. radgan meloselebi maTi miwebis gaCanagebis Semdegac ar danebdnen, aTenelebs 138 Tukidide.indd 138 01.04.2013 14:47:16 oroposSi wasvla mouwiaT. iq isini daRamebisas gadasxdnen da hoplitebi beotiuri tanagrisken daiZrnen. amasobaSi aTenelTa Zalebi, hiponikosis da evrimedonis sardlobiT, maT Sesaxvedrad daiZrnen. isini dabanakdnen da mTeli dRis ganmavloaSi aoxrebdnen tanagris miwas. meore dRes maT daa marcxes tanagrelebi da maT dasaxmareblad mosuli Tebelebi. aTenelebma aRmarTes gamarjvebis niSani, Semdeg ki dabrun dnen, erTni – Sin, meoreni ki – sakuTar gemebTan. nikiasis eskadra Tavs daesxa lokriss, aaoxra qveyana da Sin dabrunda. daaxloebiT imave dros lakedemonelebma daaarses herak lea traqineaSi. traqineel ebma mezoblebTan marcxis Semdeg jer aTenelebTan dakavSireba ganizraxes, magram Semdeg lake demonSi gagzavnes elCoba. maTTan erTad daxmarebas iTxov da lakedemonelTa metropolia dorisic. lakedemonelebma gadawyvites maTi daxmareba, Tanac axali qalaqis mdebareoba xelsayreli iyo aTenelebTan omSi. iqidan SeiZleboda evbeaz e xomaldebis gagzavna. agreTve laSqris TrakiaSi gadayvana. Tavidan rCeva RmerTs hkiTxes delfoSi. keTili misnobis Semdeg ki kolonistebi gagzavnes. axali qalaqis mSeneblobam aTenSi SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia, radgan mixvdnen, rom is evbeaze Tavdasasxmelad iyo gamiz nuli. magram SemdgomSi am qalaqisgan aTenelebs araviTari usiamovneba ar SexvedriaT. Tavdapirvelad, Tesalielebs da sxva tomebs, vis miwazedac daarsda kolonia, eSinodaT axal mosulebis da gauTavebeli omebiT TiTqmis sul gawyvites isini. Tavidan ki bevri kolonisti iyo. TiToeuli kolonias usafrTxod miiCnevda, radgan maT saTaveSi lakedemonelebi idgnen. koloniis daRupvis meore mizezi ki ugunuri mmarTve loba iyo. lakedemonelebma mkacri da zogjer usamarTlo mmarTvelobiT xalxis siZulvili daimsaxures. imave zafxuls, daaxloeb iT imave dros, rodesac aTenelebi melosTan ibrZodnen, maTi ocdaaTi xomaldi akarnanielebis, 139 Tukidide.indd 139 01.04.2013 14:47:16 ZakinTelebis, kefalenielebis da kerkirelTa TxuTmeti xomaldis daxmarebiT levkadas daesxnen Tavs. levkadelebi qalaqSi Caik etnen da ar gamodiodnen mterTan sabrZolvelad miuxedavad imisa, rom mowinaaRmdege maT miwas aCanagebda. icodnen, mravalricxov an mters ver gaumklavdebodnen. akar nanielebi sTxovdnen aTenel sardal demosTeness, Caeketa qalaqi saalyo kedliT. imedi hqondaT, rom ase ufro iolad aiRebdnen qalaqs da moiSorebdnen Zvel mters. magram mese niel ebma daarwmunes demosTenesi, gaelaSqra etoliel ebze, navpaqtosis mtrebze. etoliel ebis damorCilebiT SeiZleboda am sanapiroze lakedemonelTa sxva mokavSireebis gadabireba aTenelTa mxareze. marTalia, etolielebi didi da meomari tomia, magram maT ara aqvT simagreebi da mxolod msubuqad Seiar aRebuli meomrebi hyavT. amitom maTi damarcxeba ioli iqneboda, Tu isini ver moaxerxebdnen Zalebis Tavmoyras. demosTenesi daeTanxma am winadadebas, radgan undoda mesenieliebisTvis eamebina. igi imasac SesaZleblad miiC nevda, aTenidan daxmarebis gareSe, mxolod mokavSireTa da etolielTa ZalebiT Tavs dasxmoda beotias. imedi hqonda, aTenelebTan Zveli megobrobis gamo fokidelebic miiR ebdnen laSqrobaSi monawileob as. demosTenesma akarnanielTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod datova levkada da gezi soliosze aiRo. aq man akarnanielebs gaumxila etolielebze Tavdasxmis gegma. akarnanielebma uari ganacx ades am wamowyebaze, radgan levkada daucveli rCeboda. maSin demosTenesma daiwyo laSqroba mis xelT darCenili ZalebiT. eseni iyvnen: kefalenielebi, mesenielebi, ZakinTelebi da samasi qveiTi aTeneli. maT unda SeerTebodnen lokrebic, romlebic etolielebis msgavsad iyvnen SeiaraRebuli da kargad icnobdnen maT. demosTenesma pirveli Rame nemeel i zevsis samlocveloSi gaaT ia, sadac, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, hesiod e mokles. gamTeni 140 Tukidide.indd 140 01.04.2013 14:47:16 isas is etoliaSi SeiWra, aiRo ramdenime dasaxlebuli punqti da nadavli evpaliosSi gagzavna. demosTenesi ar fiqrobda yvelaze Zlier etoliur tomze, ofionebze Tavdasxmas. qvey nis danarCeni nawilis damorCilebis Semdeg igi navpaqtosSi dabrunebas varaudobda. aTeneli sardlis gegmebi etoli elTaTvis cnobili gaxda, maT Sekribes laSqari da mtris Sesaxvedrad wamovidnen. amasobaSi mesenielebma gaumeores demosTeness maTi Tavda pirveli rCeva. isini irwmunebodnen, rom qveynis damorCileba iolad moxerxdeboda, Tu dasaxlebebs manam daikavebda, sanam etolielebi gaerTiandebodnen. demosTenesi endo mesenielTa rCevas da sakuTar beds, romelic aqamde swyalobda, aRar dae loda lokrebis SemoerTebas da aigitioss Seutia. man iolad aiRo qalaqi, magram am dros etolielebi gamoCndnen. isini mTis ferdobebidan eSvebodnen xan erT, xan meor e adgilas da Subebs styorcnidnen aTenelebs. aTenelTa yoveli ieriSis dros ukan ixevdnen, mere ki isev brundebodnen. brZola gaWi anurda, ieriSebi da ukan daxeva erTmaneTs cvlida da orive SemTxvevaSi aTenelTa rigebSi msxverpli iyo. sanam moisreebs isrebi gauTavdebodaT, aTenelebi medgrad idgnen. moisreTa razmis ufrosi rom daeca, razmi gaifanta, aTenelebma veRar gauZles Semotevas da gaiqcnen. zogi xev Si gadavarda, zogsac gza daebna, maTi mesenieli megzuric daiRupa. msubuqad SeWurvili etolielebi iolad eweod nen gaqceul mters da xocavdnen. razmis didi nawili tyeSi aRmoCnda. maSin mterma tyes cecxli waukida. aTenelTa jaris narCenebma lokriss miaRwies. laSqrobaSi bevri mokavSirec daiRupa, aTenelebma ki as oci hopliti dakarges, sul rCeu li axalgazrdebi. dazavebis Semdeg aTenelebma daRupulTa cxedrebi daibrunes da navpaqtosisken daixies, iqidan ki aTenSi dabrundnen. demosTenesi navpaqtosSi darCa, radgan marcxis gamo aTenelTa risxvis eSinoda. 141 Tukidide.indd 141 01.04.2013 14:47:16 daaxloebiT imave dros aTenelTa eskadram siciliidan lokrisisken aiRo gezi. gadmosxdomisas aTenelebma daamar cxes lokrebi da aiRes sasazRvro simagre. imave zafxuls etoliel ebma elCebi gagzavnes korinTossa da lakedemonSi. maT daarwmunes lakedemonelebi, gaegzavnaT jari navpaqtosis dasasjelad. Semodgomaze lakedemone lebma marTlac gagzavnes sami aTasi hopliti evriloqosis sardlobiT. rodesac laSqari delfosSi Seikriba, evriloqosma macne gaugzavna lokrebs, radgan maT miwaze unda gaevlo, Tanac imedi hqonda, rom maT aTenelTa winaaRmdeg waaqezebda. adgi lobrivi tomebi miemxrnen peloponeselebs, mZevlebi misces maT, zogma meomrebic miaSvela. samzadiss rom morCa, evriloqosi lokrisis gavliT navpaq tosisken daiZra. gzad oineoni da evpaliosi aiRo da navpaq tosis olqis aoxrebas Seudga. aTenelma demosTenesma mtris moaxloeba rom Seityo, Sewuxda qalaqis bedze da akarnane lebs daxmareba sTxova. maT axsovdaT misi wasvla levkadidan, magram mainc misces aTasi hopliti, romlebmac gadaarCines qalaqi. maT gareSe qalaqi grZeli kedlebiTa da mcire gar nizoniT didxans ver gaZlebda. evriloqosma maSveli Zalis mosvla rom Seityo, mixvda, ieriSiT qalaqs veRar aiRebda, ukan daixia da eolisSi gadavida. aq masTan amprakielebi mividnen da SesTavazes, amfiloqi da akarnania daelaSqra. Tu maTi damorCileba moxerxdeboda, mTeli xmeleTi lakedemonelTa kavSirs SeuerTdeboda. evriloqosi daTanxmda. man daiTxova etolielebi, TviTon ki Tavisi laSqriT qveyanaSi darCa, rom amprakielebs argosis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi daxmareboda. ase dasrulda zafxuli. momdevno zamTars aTenelebi da maTi sicilieli mokavSire ebi Tavs daesxnen inesas, romlis akropolisic sirakuzelebs epyraT. qalaqi ver aiRes da ukan daixies. maSin sirakuzelebma 142 Tukidide.indd 142 01.04.2013 14:47:16 ieriSi miitanes ariergardSi myof mokavSireebze da didad avnes maT. amis Semdeg maleve laqetesma gadasxa desanti lok risSi da mdinare kaikinosTan daamarcxa lokrebis razmi. imave zamTars, raRac misnobis safuZvelze, aTenelebma delosi ganwmindes. adre tiranma pisistratosma gawminda kun Zulis nawili, romelic taZridan Cans. axla mTeli kunZuli ganiwminda. aTenelebma brZanes kunZulidan yvela samarxis gatana da samomavlod akrZales iq momakvdavTa da mSobia reTa yofna. isini reniaze unda gadaeyvanaT. es kunZuli ise axloa delosidan, rom samoselma tiranma polikratesma, romelic odesRac zRvaze batonobda, isini jaWviT gadaaba da delosel apolons Seswira. ganwmendis Semdeg aTenelebma delosze oTx weliwadSi erTxel TamaSebis mowyoba daaweses. TamaSebze dasaswrebad ojaxebiT Camodiodnen. aqve imarTe boda musikaluri da gimnastikuri Sejibrebebi, ris Sesaxeb homerosic gvamcnobs. imave zamTars amprakielebma Seasrules evriloqosisTvis micemuli piroba da amfiloqiur argosze gailaSqres. isini SeiWrnen argosis olqSi da daeu flnen olpas, simagres zRvis napirze, sadac adre akarnanelTa sasamarTlo ikribeboda. es simagre argosidan ocdaxuTi stadioniTaa daSorebuli. akarnanelTa erTi razmi argosis saSvelad gaemarTa, meores ki evriloqosis gadaadgilebisTvis unda edevnebina Tvali. akarnanelebma sTxoves demosTeness, saTaveSi Cadgomoda maT jars. amprakielebma olpadan Tanamoqalaqeebs sTxoves maS veli razebi, radgan eSinodaT, rom evriloqosi akarnanelebs ver gascdeboda. amasobaSi evriloqosma gaig o amprakielTa olpaSi misvla da saswrafod daiZra maT saSvelad. man SeumCnevlad auara gverdi akarnanelebs, RamiT argosis dablobze daeSva da amprakielebs SeuerTda. SeerTebis Semdeg diliT orive jari daiZra metropoli 143 Tukidide.indd 143 01.04.2013 14:47:16 sisken da iq dabanakda. cota xanSi argoselebs wamoeSvelnen aTenis oci xomaldi da demosTenesi orasi mesenieli hopli tiTa da samoci aTeneli mSvildosniT. eskadram olpas max loblad CauSva Ruza. akarnanelebi da amfiloqelTa nawili argosSi Seikribnen. mTavarsardlad demosTenesi airCies. igi laSqriT olpas maxloblad dabanakda. mowinaaRmdegeebs erTi xevi hyofda. xuTi dRe umoqmedod idgnen, meeqvse dRes ki sab rZolvelad gaemzadnen. metoqis ricxobrivi upiratesobisa da ufro grZeli frontis pirobebSi demosTeness garemoc vaSi moxvedra aSinebda. amitom man maxis dageba gadawyvita. oTxasi hopliti da msubuqad aRWurvili qveiTi buCqnarSi Caasafra, raTa garemocvis dros mters zurgidan dasxmodnen Tavs. demosTenesi meseniel ebTan da aTenelebTan erTad mar jvena flangze idga, centrsa da marcxena flangze ki – akar nanelebi da amfiloqelebi. peloponeselebi da amprakielebi Sereulad idgnen, garda mantineelebisa, romlebic erTad idgnen marcxena flangze. demosTenesis pirispir evrilo qosis razmi dadga. brZola gaCaRda. peloponeselebma SemovliTi manevri wamoiwyes, raTa mteri alyaSi moemwyvdiaT. maSin akarnane lebi buCqnaridan gamocvivdnen da mowinaaRmdeges zurgidan Seuties. peloponeselebi Sedrknen da gaiqcnen. saukeTeso nawilis marcxma danarCenebsac daukarga mxneoba. amdenad demosTenesma da misma mesenielebma gaimarjves. marjvena frTaze ki amprakielebi imarjvebdnen, maT mowinaaRmdege argosamde ukuaqcies, magram mobrunebulebma aRmoaCines, rom laSqris ZiriTadi nawili ganadgurebuli iyo, da brZoliT daixies olpasaken. mxolod mantineelebma moaxerxes wyobis darRvevis gareSe ukan daxeva. brZola daRamebamde gagrZelda. evriloqosi brZolaSi daiRupa da sardloba menedaios ma Caibara. mZime marcxis Semdeg man aRar icoda, ra eqna da demosTenesTan dazavebis Sesaxeb daiwyo molaparakeba. aTe 144 Tukidide.indd 144 01.04.2013 14:47:16 nelebma da akarnanelebma mas daRupulTa cxedrebi daub runes, TviTon ki gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da sakuTari daRupulebi dakrZales. maT neba ar darTes mowinaaRmdeges, mTeli laSqriT gaclodnen iqaurobas. demosTenesma da misma akarnanelma amxanagebma saidumlo SeTanxmeba dades menedai osTan, romlis Tanaxmadac mantinelebs, menedaiossa da sxva sardlebs wasvla SeeZloT. demosTenesma es imitom qna, rom amprakielebis marto datoveba surda, agreTve amiT lake demonelebsa da peloponeselebs adgilobriv elinTa Soris saxels gautexda. peloponeselebma saswrafod dakrZales TavianTi micvalebulebi da wasasvlelad moemzadnen. amasobaSi demosTenesma miiRo cnoba, rom amprakidan didi razmi modiod a olpas dasaxmareblad. man saswrafod gagzavna jaris nawili, rom strategiuli simaRleebi daekavebinaT da mters gzaze Casafrebodnen. peloponeselebma patara jgufebad daiwyes qalaqidan gasvla. gzad viTom mwvanilsa da fiCxs agrovebdnen. olpas rom gaSordnen, fexs auCqares. amprakiel ebma es SeamCnies da gaekidnen maT. akarnanelebs Tavidan egonaT, rom mteri une barTvod midioda da devna dauwyes. Semdeg sardlebma aux snes maT, rac xdeboda da mantineel ebsa da peloponoselebs wasvlis neba misces, amprakielebs ki daerivnen. orasamde amprakieli daiRupa im dRes. amasobaSi amprakielTa maSveli razmebi idomenas miadgnen. es ori borcvia, romelTagan ufro didi demosTenesis razmma daikava, ufro pataraze ki amprakielebi dabanakdnen. saRamos demosTenesi danarCeni mebrZolebiT mtrisaken daiZra da meore diliT moulodnelad daesxa Tavs. maT jer eZinaT da imdenad ver warmoidgines, ra xdeboda, rom Tavidan demos Tenesis mebrZolebi Tavisianebi egonaT. demosTenesma swo red am mizniT win mesenielebi gauSva, rom doriul dialeqts yaraulis sifrTxile moedunebina. demosTenesi ase daesxa 145 Tukidide.indd 145 01.04.2013 14:47:16 mters Tavs, nawili daxoca, nawilic gaaqcia. magram ukanda saxevi gza ukve moWrili iyo amfiloqelebis mier – midamos kargad mcodne msubuqad SeiaraRebuli mebrZolebi iolad uswordebodnen gaqceul hoplitebs. amprakielebis umravlesoba daiR upa, mxolod erTeulebi dabrundnen Sin. akarnanelebma saWurveli ahyares daRupu lebs, gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da argosSi dabrundnen. meore dRes olpadan gaqceul amprakielTa macne movida akarnanelebTan pirvel brZolaSi daRupulTa cxedrebis saTxovnelad. is gaaoca amprakielTa saWurvelis raodeno bam, man xom meore brZolis Sesaxeb araferi icoda. rodesac gaigo, rac moxda, usityvod gabrunda ukan. marTlac, omSi arc erT qveyanas ar ganucdia erT dReSi amodena danakar gi. daRupulTa ricxvi ar momyavs, radgan qalaqis zomasTan SedarebiT warmoudgenlad mogeCvenebaT. magram darwmune buli var, rom akarnanelebs da amfiloqelebs demosTenesis rCeva rom mieRoT, umtkivneulod aiRebdnen qalaqs. magram akarnanelebi SiSobdnen, rom qalaqis xelSi Cagdebis Semdeg aTenelebi kidev ufro arasasurveli mezoblebi iqnebodnen, vidre amprakielebi. akarnanelebma nadavlis mesamedi aTenelebs dauTmes, danarCeni ki Tavad gain awiles. Tumca aTenelTa wili mgzav robaSi daikarga, xolo is, rac atikis taZrebSia gamodgmu li, demosTenesma Camoitana aTenSi. am warmatebis Semdeg mas Tamamad SeeZlo aTenSi dabruneba. aTenelTa eskadra ki navpaqtosSi dabrunda. aTenelTa wasvlis Semdeg akarnanelebma da amfiloqeleb ma gaqceul amprakielebsa da peloponeselebs Tavisuflad wasvlis neba misces, erTmaneTSi ki aswliani kavSiri dades, riTac omi daasrules. imave zamTarSi aTenelebma siciliaSi himeraias olqSi desanti gadasxes, sikulebi ki xmeleTiT SeiWrnen iq. aTe 146 Tukidide.indd 146 01.04.2013 14:47:16 nelebma dalaSqres agreTve eolosis kunZulebi. regiosSi dabrunebulebs daxvdaT piTodorosi, romelsac laqetesi unda Seecvala flotis sardlis Tanamdebobaze. es imitom moxda, rom aTenelTa sicilielma mokavSireebma ufro Zlieri eskadris gagzavna iTxoves. maTi miwa sirakuzelebs epyraT da zRvidanac sirakuzelTa xomaldebi axorcielebdnen blo kadas. aTenelebma gadawyvites gaegzavnaT ormoci xomaldi, raTa, erTi mxriv, omi swrafad daesrulebinaT, meore mxriv ki sabrZolo pirobebSi gamoecadaT floti. maT gagzavnes piTodorosi ramdenime xomaldiT da SemdgomSi sofoklesisa da evrimedonis gagzavnas apirebdnen didi eskadriT. piTo dorosi zamTris miwuruls gaemarTa lokrebis im simagris winaaRmdeg, romelic adre laqetesma aiRo. lokrebTan waru matebeli brZolis Semdeg mas ukan daxeva mouxda. gazafxulis damdegs siciliis yvelaze maRali mTidan, etnadan cecxlovani nakadi amoifrqva da katanelTa miwebi gaanadgura. ukanaskneli amofrqveva, rogorc amboben, ormoc daaTi wlis win moxda, sul ki elinebs sami amofrqveva axsovT. ase dasrulda omis meeqvse weli. 147 Tukidide.indd 147 01.04.2013 14:47:16 meoTxe wigni Semdeg zafxuls, xorblis Semosvlisas sirakuzelebisa da lokrebis aT-aTi xomaldi gaemarTa mesenaSi mesenielTave miwveviT. maT qalaqi daikaves. ase dakarges aTenelebma mesena. sirakuzelebs es qalaqi imdenad ainteresebdaT, ramdenadac is SeiZleboda aTenelTaTvis sirakuzaze didi Tavdasxmis placdarmad qceuliyo. lokrebi ki am laSqrobaSi regieleb Tan mtrobis gamo monawileobdnen. lokrebi mTeli laSqriT SeiWrnen regielTa miwaze, raTa maTTvis mesenis daxmarebis saSualeba ar miecaT. lokrebs maTTan TavSefarebuli regi eli devnilebic agulianebdnen. regionSi ki SinaaSliloba sufevda, qveyanas ar SeeZlo lokrebis gamklaveba da lok rebic Cqarobdnen qalaqis aRebas. maT gaaCanages qveyana, Sek ribes didi laSqari da xomaldebi alyaSemortymul mesenaSi gagzavnes. sxva xomaldebis aRWurvac daiwyes iq gasagzavnad, raTa iqidan mieRoT monawileoba sabrZolo moqmedebebSi. imave dros peloponeselebi da maTi mokavSireebi mefe agi sis sardlobiT isev SeiWrnen atikaSi, dabanakdnen da qveynis rbeva daiwyes. aTenelebma ki aRWurves ormoci xomaldi da siciliaze sofoklesisa da evrimedonis sardlobiT gagzav 148 Tukidide.indd 148 01.04.2013 14:47:16 nes. maT daevalaT gzad kerkiraze SeevloT da kerkirelebs mixmarebodnen istoneze gamagrebul devnilebTan brZolaSi. kidev ufro adre peloponeselebma samoci xomaldi gagzav nes devnili oligarqebis saSvelad im imediT, rom SimSiliT gatanjul qveyanas iolad daimorCilebdnen. demosTenesi akarnaniidan dabrunebis Semdeg aTenSi cxovrobda, rogorc kerZo piri. aTenelebma mas neba darTes, gamoeyenebina es ormoci xomaldi peloponesis wylebSi. gzaSi aTenelebma gaiges, rom peloponeselTa eskadra ukve kerkiraze iyo. evrimedonma da sofoklesma pirdapir kerkiraze wasvla gadawyvites. demosTenesma ki urCia maT, jer pilosTan SeCerebuliyvnen, mieRoT saWiro zomebi da Semdeg gaecuraT kerkiriasken. sxva sardlebi ar eTanxmebodnen, magram qariS xali amovarda da eskadra piloss miayena. demosTenesma urCia, gaemagrebinaT es adgili. igi TavisTavad bunebriv simagres warmoadgenda, aq moipoveboda bevri saSeni masala – qva da xe-tye; da garSemo aravin cxovrobda. igi spartidan oTxasi stadion iT iyo daSorebuli. demosTenesis azriT, es mniSvne lovani strategiuli punqti iyo. aq iyo navsadguri. Tu mas gaamagrebdnen da aq mesenielebs Caasaxlebdnen, romlebic odiTganve cxovrodnen pilosSi da lakedemonelebis dialeq tze laparakobdnen, lakedemonelTaTvis bevri zianis motanas SeZlebdnen. TviT adgili ki ioli dasacavi iqneboda. demosTenesma verc sardlebi daarwmuna da verc mebrZo lebi, magram avdari gagrZelda, xalxs usaqmod yofna mobez rda da adgilis gamagrebas Seudgnen. bejiTad muSaobdnen. radgan qvis dasamuSavebeli iaraRi Tan ar hqondaT, qvebs saguldagulod arCevdnen da erTmaneTs argebdnen, Tixa ki zurgiT gadahqondaT. mSeneblobis dasruleba lakedemonel Ta mosvlamde surdaT. Tumca, miudgomel adgilas samuSaoc bevri ar iyo. lakedemonelebs raRacas dResaswaulobdnen, rodesac 149 Tukidide.indd 149 01.04.2013 14:47:16 pilosSi aTenelTa misvlis ambavi Seityves. Tadapirvelad mSvidad Sexvdnen amas. isini darwmunebulebi iyvnen, rom piloss iolad aiRebdnen. nawilobriv maT isic ayovnebdaT, rom maTi laSqris nawili atikaSi iyo. aTenelebma eqvs dReSi gaamagres pilosis misadgomebi xmeleTis mxridan, iq demos Tenesi datoves xuTi xomaldiT, Tavad ki kerkirisa da sici liisken gaswies. rogorc ki aTenelTa mier pilosis dakavebis ambavma ati kaSi myof peloponeselebamde miaRwia, isini saswrafod ukan gamobrundnen. mefe agisi pilosis ambebs qveynisTvis saxifa Tod miiCnevda, laSqars atikaSi ki ukve SimSili da uCveulo uamindoba awuxebda. amitom lakedemonelebma atikaSi mxolod TxuTmeti dRe dahyves da ukan dabrundnen. amasobaSi aTenelma simonidesma patara razmi Sekriba da mendaielTa Trakiuli kolonia eiona daikava, magram qalki delTa ieriSs ver gauZlo da bevri xalxi dakarga. peloponeselTa atikidan wasvlis Semdeg spartelebi da maxloblad mcxovrebi periekebi pilosisaken gaemarTnen. danarCeni lakedemonelebi Seyovndnen, radgan axali dabrune bulebi iyvnen sxva laSqrobidan. mTel peloponess ubrZanes, pilosisken daZruliyo da dasaxmareblad kerkiradan samoci xomaldi gamoixmes. isini levkadasTan xmeleTiT gadaaTries, raTa ZakinTosTan mdgom aTenis eskadras ar SeemCnia. Semdeg piloss miadgnen, sadac Sekrebiliyo qveiTi jari. sanam peloponeselTa xomaldebi jer kidev gzaSi iyo, demosTenesma winaswar gaagzavna ori xomaldi evrimedonTan ZakinTosSi da daxmareba sTxova. aTenelTa eskadra swrafad daiZra. amasobaSi lakedemonelebma daiwyes pilosze zRvi dan da xmeleTidan Setevis samzadisi. isini fiqrobdnen, rom naCqarevad agebuli simagre iolad daecemoda. garda amisa, aTenelTa eskadris molodinSi lakedemonelebs undodaT CaeketaT navsadgurSi Sesasvlelebi, Tu, ra Tqma unda, manam 150 Tukidide.indd 150 01.04.2013 14:47:16 de piloss ver aiRebdnen. pilosis axlos mdebare kunZuli sfaqteria gadaWimulia sanapiros gaswvriv, icavs navsadgurs da mis viwro Sesasvlelebs. pilosisa da aTenelTa simagris mxridan erTdroulad mxolod ori xomaldi Tu gaivlida. meore mxridan ki – ara umetes rva an cxra xomaldisa. TxuT meti stadionis sigrZis kunZuli ukacrielia da daburuli tyiTaa dafaruli. lakedemonelebma navsadgurSi Sesasvleli xomaldebiT Caketes, kunZulze ki hoplitebi ganalages. ase varaudobdnen daecvaT rogorc kunZuli, aseve xmeleTi da aTenelTaTvis gadmosxdomaSi xeli SeeSalaT. pilosis sanapi ro Ria zRvis mxridan mouxerxebeli iyo xomaldebis dasaye neblad. amitom lakedemonelebi fiqrobdnen, rom aTenelebi aq gadmosxdomas ver moaxerxebdnen. TviTon lakedemonelebi ki iolad aiRebdnen am cudad dacul da sursaTiT cudad moma ragebul punqts sazRvao brZolis gareSe. am gegmis Tanaxmad, lakedemonelebma kunZulze oTxas oci hopliti gadaiyvenes. amasobaSi demosTenesma zomebi miiR o xmeleTidan da zRvi dan erTdrouli Setevis winaaRmdeg. mis xelT myofi sami trieri napirze amoaTries, kedlebTan axlos, da xis mese ri Semoavles. am xomaldebis ekipaJi man tirifis farebiT SeaiaraRa. am ukacriel adgilas fars ver iSovidi. es fare bic demosTenesma meseniel mekobreTa xomaldidan miiRo. am xomaldma Camoiyvana ormoci mesenieli hopliti, romlebic demosTenesis razms SeuerTdnen. Tavisi xalxis umravlesoba, aseve mZimed SeWurvili, man xmeleTis mxridan ganalaga, raTa qveiTi jaris Seteva moegeriebina. TviTon ki samoci hopli tiTa da ramdenime mSvildosniT daikava pozicia sanapiroze, sadac mowinaaRmdeges gadmosvla SeeZlo. es adgili Znelad misadgomi iyo, magram yvelaze naklebad gamagrebulic da SeeZlo mowinaaRmdege miezida. aTenelebma, zRvaze Tavisi upiratesobis gamo, saWirod ar CaTvales am adgilis metad gamagreba. axla ki demosTenesi fiqrobda, rom mowinaaRmde 151 Tukidide.indd 151 01.04.2013 14:47:16 ges SeeZlo am nawilis dakaveba. amitom man sanapiroze daikava pozicia da hoplitebs ase mimarTa: `meomrebo, vinc CemTan erTad gaiz iareT safrTxe, nu ecde biT dafiqrdeT imaze, ra gvelis. umjobesia, gamarjvebis rwmeniT SevebrZoloT mters. rodesac arCevani ar gaqvs, ar aris fiqris dro. saWiroa siswrafe da riski. me darwmunebuli var, gavimarjvebT da ar SevdrkebiT mravalricxovani mtris winaSe. Cveni pozicia mosaxerxebelia da did upiratesobas gvaZlevs, magram Tu ukan davixevT, Cvens simagres iolad aiReben. sanam mteri jer kidev xomaldebzea, ufro iolia, isini iq gavaCeroT. magram rodesac gadmosxdebian, CvenTan Tanabar mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndebian. ramdenic ar unda iyos mteri, mainc patara razmebad gadmosxdebian. aq xom saubaria ara saxmeleTo brZolaze, sadac mtris ricxvi gadamwyve tia, aramed xomaldebidan gadmosxdomaze. bevria amindzec damokidebuli. amitom maTi sirTuleebi awonasworebs Cven mcirericxovnebas. aTenelebo, Tqven mSvenivrad mogexse nebaT, ra rTulia gemebidan gadmosxdoma, rodesac metoqe winaaRmdegobas giwevs da ukan ar ixevs. aA mdenad, me veli, rom Tu mamacad idgebiT sanapiro kldeebze. maSin Tqvenc gadar CebiT da am miwasac SeinarCunebT.~ demosTenesis sityviT gamxnevebulma aTenelebma daikaves pozicia zRvis napirze. lakedemonelebma ki erTdroulad daiwyes Sturmi xmeleTidan da zRvidan. ormocdasami xomal disgan Semdgar eskadras sparteli Trasimelidasi sardlobda. is swored im adgils daesxa Tavs, sadac mas demosTenesi elo da. aTenelebi medgrad igeriebdnen metoqis Setevebs. radgan bevri xomaldi erTad ver udgeboda napirs, spartelebma eskadra patara jgufebad dayves da rigrigobiT cdilobdnen gadmosxdomas. isini TavganwirviT ibrZodnen da SeZaxilebiT amxnevebdnen erTmaneTs. gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda brasida si, romelic triers xelmZRvanelobda. rodesac igi amCnevda, 152 Tukidide.indd 152 01.04.2013 14:47:16 rom sxva xomaldebis meTaurebi miudgomel adgils eridebod nen da xomaldebs ufrTxildebodnen, igi mouwodebda maT, ar daexiaT ukan ramdenime ficris gadasarCenad. mokavSireebs ki sTxovda, lakedemonelTaTvis daeTmoT sakuTari xomaldebi da nebismier fasad gadamsxdariyvnen napirze. ase amxnevebda igi sxvebs da TviTonac mamacurad ibrZoda, sanam daWrili ugonod ar daeca. misi fari zRvaSi Cavarda da aTenelebma igi im nadavls Semates, romelic mogvianebiT gamarjvebis aRsaniSnavad daaxvaves. lakedemonelebs mcde loba ar daukliaT, magram miudgomeli napirisa da aTenelTa medgari winaaRmdegobis gamo gadasvla ver moaxerxes. sao cari ram iyo – aTenelebs brZola uxdebodaT xmeleTze da Tanac lakoniis miwaze lakedemonelTa xomaldebTan, xolo lakedemonelebi cdilobdnen xomaldebidan gadamsxdariy vnen sakuTar miwaze, romelic mtris xelT iyo. im dros xom lakedemonelebi saukeTeso saxmeleTo mebrZolebad iTvle bodnen, xolo aTenelebi – saukeTeso zRvaosnebad. or dRes lakedemonelebi uSedegod cdilobdnen napirze gadmosvlas. mesame dRes ramdenime xomaldi asinaSi gagzavnes, raTa samxedro manqanebisTvis morebi CamoetanaT. am manqanebis saSual ebiT apirebdnen daengriaT kedeli galavnis mxridan, kedeli, marTalia, maRali iyo, magram iq gadmosxdoma – ufro mosaxerxebeli. amasobaSi, ZakinTosidan Camovida aTenelTa ormoci xomaldi (eskadras Seemata ramdenime xomaldi navpaq tosidan da qiosidan). maT sanapiro da kunZuli mowinaaRmdegis mier dakavebuli daxvdaT. amitom Rame zRvaSi gaatares. meore dRes aTenelTa eskadra mzad iyo Ria zRvaSi brZolisTvis, Tu metoqe amas gabedavda, Tu ara da, Tavad dasxmoda Tavs navsadgurs. lakedemonelebi arc zRvaSi gasulan da arc navsadguris Sesasvleli CauketavT. isini mSvidad elodnen mowinaaRmdegis Setevas. aTenelebma orive Sesasvlelidan SeaRwies navsadgurSi 153 Tukidide.indd 153 01.04.2013 14:47:16 da mtris gemebs Seuties. mteri ukuiqca. devnisas aTenelebma daazian es mravali xomaldi, xolo xuTi xelT igdes. maT Soris, erTi – ekipaJTan erTad. aTenelebma Seut ies sxva xomaldebsac, romlebic napirTan eZebdnen TavSesafars. ramdenime xomalds gverdi gauxvrites, sanam isini zRvaSi Sesvlas moaswrebdnen. sxva xomaldebis ekipaJebi gaiqcnen da aTenelebma cariel i xomaldebi waaTries buqsiriT. lakedemonelebi Zalze wux dnen yovelive amis gamo. pirvel rigSi ki, kunZulze darCenili xalxi adardebdaT. mZimed SeWurvili qveiTebi wyalSi xtebod nen da xomaldebs napirisken eqaCebodnen. TiToeuls egona, rom mis gareSe yvelaferi daiRupeboda. xomaldebis garSemo didi areuloba iyo. mowinaaRmdegeebi erTmaneTis taqtikas iyenebdnen. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lakedemonelebi sazRvao brZolas awarmoebdnen xmeleTidan, xolo aTenelebi – saxmele To brZolas xomaldebidan. sisxlismRvreli brZola didxans gagrZelda. lakedemonelebma gadaarCines ramdenime xomaldi. Semdeg mxareebma Tavisi poziciebi daikaves. aTenelebma aRmar Tes gamarjvebis niSani, Seagroves xomaldebis namtvrevebi da cxedrebi daubrunes mowinaaRmdeges. maT saswrafod gaagzavnes xomaldebi, raTa Tvalyuri edevnebinaT kunZulze darCenili razmisTvis. peloponeselebi da maTi mokavSireebi ki xmeleTze idgnen pilosTan. rodesac am brZolis ambavma spartas miaRwia, lakedemo nelebi mixvdnen, rom maT didi ubedureba daatydaT Tavs. saswrafod gagzavnes umaRlesi Tanamdebobis pirebi sanapi roze, raTa adgilze gaerkviaT viTareba da mieRoT zomebi. isini darwmundnen, rom kunZulze darCenilTa ganTavisuf leba SeuZlebelia da, radgan isini dasaRupad ar emetebodaT, gadawyvites dazaveba aTenel sardlebTan da aTenSi samSvi dobo molaparakebebze elCebis gagzavna. aTenelma sardlebma miiRes winadadeba da Semdeg piro bebiT dauzavdnen maT: lakedemonelebs unda gadaecaT aTe 154 Tukidide.indd 154 01.04.2013 14:47:16 nelTaTvis maTi xomaldebi da Tavi SeekavebinaT pilosze Tavdasxmisgan. aTenelebs unda miecaT maTTvis saSualeba, miewodebinaT sursaTi kunZulze myofTaTvis dadgenili normiT: erTi gamomcxvari puri, cotaodeni xorci, ori ati kuri qoiniqsi fqvili da ori kotila Rvino kacze. msaxurs ki – amis naxevari. aTenelebs SeeZloT kunZulis blokada, magram ekrZalebodaT masze gadasvla. dazaveba ZalaSi unda yofiliyo lakedemonelTa elCebis aTenidan dabrunebamde. elCebi aTenuri trieriT imgzavrebdnen. elCebis dabrunebis Semdeg aTenelebs unda daebrunebinaT lakedemonelTa xomal debi im mdgomareobaSi, rogorSic Caib ares. dazavebisTanave aTenelebs gadaeca samoci xomaldi da elCebi gaemgzavrnen. iq rom Cavidnen, aseTi sityva warmoTqves: `aTenelebo, Cven gamogvgzavnes lakedemonelebma, raTa movilaparakoT kunZulze myofi Cveni xalxis bedze. iqneb mivaRwioT iseT SeTanxmebas, romelic dagakmayofilebT Tqven da Cvenc Rirsebas SegvinarCunebs wagebuli brZolis Semdeg. vrceli saubriT ar davarRvevT Cvens wess. mokled maSin unda moWra, sadac zedmeti sityvebi saWiro ar aris. magram Cven ar gavurbivarT arc grZel gamosvlas, Tu saWiroeb a amas moiTx ovs. nu miiRebT Cvens sityvebs mtrulad. Cven eWvi ar gvepare ba eWvi Tqvens gonierebaSi da ar vapirebT, Wkua gaswavloT. Cven mogmarTavT, rogorc adamianebs, visac SeuZlia sworad gansja, da gTxovT, miiRoT swori gadawyvetileba. Tqven karg mdgomareobaSi xarT. bedis wyalobiT, Tqven SegiZliaT Sei narCunoT samflobeloebi, moip ovoT pativiscema da saxeli, Tu ar gaim eorebT im xalxis Secdomas, visac moulodnelad gauRima bedma. aseTi xalxi xom yovelTvis metze ocnebobs, radgan bedniereba maTTvis moulodnelia. maT ki, visac bedis ukuRmarToba ganucdia, naklebi safuZveli aqvs, endos miR weuls. Tqven es gamocdilebiT iciT, Cven ki miT umetes unda gvaxsovdes. 155 Tukidide.indd 155 01.04.2013 14:47:16 gadawyvetilebis miRebisas gaiTvaliswineT axlandeli ubedureba. aqamde Cven elinTa udidesi pativiscemiT vsargeb lobdiT da migvaCnda, rom Cvenzea damokidebuli mSvidobis Sesaxeb sxvisi Txovnis dakmayofileba. axla ki mTxovnelebi varT. Cven davmarcxdiT ara imitom, rom davkargeT samxedro Zala an borotad gamoviyeneT igi, aramed imitom, rom ubra lod SevcdiT. es nebismiers SeiZleba daemarTos. amitom nurc Tqven ifiqrebT, rom mudmivad gagimarTlebT. gonieri xalxi arc zedmetad endoba iRbals da arc gasaWirSi miecema saso warkveTas, radgan esmis, rom omis msvleloba damokidebulia ara mis nebaze, aramed bedze. aseTi xalxi naklebad vardeba gansacdelSi, radgan warmateba maT ar abruebs. isini swo red maSin arian mzad SerigebisTvis, rodesac bedi uRimiT. amdenad, CvenTan SeTanxmeba TqvenTvis sapatioa, raTa moma valSi, Tu bedi gimtyunebT da damarcxdebiT, es gamarjveba SemTxveviTobad ar CaiTvalos. Tu Cvens pirobebs miiRebT, STamomavloba daafasebs Tqvens Zalasa da keTilgoniere bas. davasruloT omi! Cven gTavazobT mSvidobas, kavSirsa da megobrobas. samagier od, gTxovT Tavisuflebas kunZulze myofTaTvis. Cven darwmunebulebi varT, rom mtroba SeiZleba dasruldes, Tu damarcxebuls Tavs ar moaxveven usamarTlo mSvidobas. mSvidoba bevrad ufro mtkice iqneba, Tu gamar jvebuli samarTlianad da keTilSobilurad moeqceva mters. maSin mteri aRar ifiqrebs SurisZiebaze. Tavis mxriv, gamoi Cens keTilSobilebas da ecdeba mSvidobis dacvas. umjobesia, Cveni qveynebi axlave Serigdnen, sanam raRac gamousworebeli ar momxdara, rac samudamod gvaqcevs Cven ara mxolod Tqveni qveynis, aramed Tqvens pirad mtrebad. Tqven ki dakargavT im upiratesobas, romelsac axla gTava zobT. sanam omis bedi kidev gaurkvevelia, Tqven SegiZliaT erTdroulad moipovoT saxeli da Cveni megobroba, xolo Cven, xelSekrulebis dadebiT, mZime msxverplis gareSe avcdebiT 156 Tukidide.indd 156 01.04.2013 14:47:16 sircxvils. modiT, amieridan mSvidobianad vicxovroT da bolo movuRoT elinTa ubedurebas. elinebi amas Tqven dam saxurebad CaTvlian. maT xom ar ician, vin daiwyo es omi, da Tu axla Tqven mas daamTavrebT, Tqveni madloblebi iqnebian. axla Tu mSvidobaze daTanxmdebiT, moip ovebT lakedemonelTa megobrobas. dafiqrdiT im mogebaze, romelsac Cveni qveynebi naxaven. Cven Tu saerTo azrs gamovTqvamT, danarCeni elada didi mowiwebiT moekideba mas.~ ase laparakobdnen lakedemonelebi, radgan darwmunebu lebi iyvnen, rom aTenelebs mSvidoba swyurodaT da aqamde es imitom ar moxda, rom TviTon ar undodaT, xolo Tu axla aTenelebs mSvidobas SesTavazeben, isini sixaruliT daTan xmdebian da gaaTavisufleben kunZulze myofT. aTenelebi ki, piriqiT, fiqrobdnen, rom swored axla, rodesac lakedemone lebi xelSi hyavT, mSvidoba arsad gaeqcevaT, da bevrad mets iTxovdnen. gansakuTrebiT aqezebda maT kleoni, im droisaTvis yvelaze gavleniani beladi. man urCia xalxs, iaraRi ahyaron kunZulze myof lakedemonelebs da aTenSi Camoiyvanon isini. lakedemonelebma unda daTmon qveynebi, romlebic wina xel SekrulebiT miiRes. mxolod amis Semdeg daibruneben tyveebs da daid eba samSvidobo xelSekruleba. es moTxovnebi lakedemonelebma ar uaryves, mxolod Ses Tavazes aTenelebs, SeerCiaT uflebamosili pirebi, vinc mSvidad ganixilavda xelSekrulebis calkeul punqtebs. maSin kleonma ganacxada, rom elCebma, Tu keTili ganzraxva aqvT, said umlo molaparakebebi ki ar unda awarmoon patara jguf Tan, saxalxo krebas unda mimarTon. lakedemoneli elCebi mixvdnen, rom saxalxo krebaze gamosvla maT xels ar aZlev daT. damarcxebis Semdeg isini garkveul daTmobebze unda wasuliyvnen. maT eSinodaT, rom es daTmobebi mokavSireTa ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevda. aTenelebi ki ar daTanxmdebodnen misaReb pirobebze. amitom elCebma aTeni datoves. 157 Tukidide.indd 157 01.04.2013 14:47:16 pilosSi elCebis dabrunebis Semdeg dazaveba dasrulda da lakedemonelebma, molaparakebis Tanaxmad, Tavisi xomaldebis dabruneba moiTxoves. magram aTenelebi edavebodnen maT sxva dasxva mcire darRvevis gamo da xomaldebs ar ubrunebdnen. lakedemonelebi am darRvevebs ar aRiarebdnen. maT ganacxa des, rom xomaldebis mitaceba usindisoba iyo, da samxedro moqmedebebi ganaaxles. pilosTan omma axali ZaliT ifeTqa. dRisiT aTenelTa ori xomaldi dacuravda kunZulis garSemo, RamiT ki mTeli eskad ra iq uSvebda Ruzas. aTenelebs kidev oci xomaldi Semoemata da maTi ricxvi samocdaaTamde gaizarda. peloponeselebi ki Tavisi banakidan esxmodnen Tavs aTenelTa simagreebs da xel sayrel moments ucdidnen, rom Tavisianebi gaeTavisuflebinaT. amasobaSi siciliaze sirakuzelebi da maTi mokavSireebi axlad aRWurvili xomaldebiT SeuerTdnen mesenasTan mdgom eskadras, raTa saom ari moqmedeba daewyoT. gansakuTrebiT aqe zebdnen maT regielTa mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili lokrebi. sirakuzelebma sazRvao brZola gadawyvites. isini xedavdnen, rom aq aTenelebs cota xomaldi hyavdaT, xolo aTenelTa didi eskadra kunZulis alyiT iyo dakavebuli. zRvaze gamarjvebis Semdeg lokrebs imedi hqondaT, rom iolad aiRebdnen regios da amiT Tavis mdgomareobas ganimtkicebdnen. regiosi italiis ukiduresi wertilia, mesena ki – siciliis. isini erTmaneTTan axlos mdebareoben da aTenelTa xomaldebi ukve veRar iba tonebdnen sruteze. am srutes qaribda ewodeba. gadmocemiT, aq gaiara odisevsma Tavisi xomaldiT. misi siviwrovisa da swrafi dinebis gamo, igi samarTlianad iTvleba saxifaTod. am sruteSi sirakuzelTa da mokavSireTa ocdaaTze meti xomaldi Tavs daesxa aTenelTa Teqvsmet da regielTa rva xomalds. aTenelebma gaimarjves. sirakuzelebi saswrafod gabrundnen ukan. amasTan, maT erTi xomaldi dakarges. brZola RamiT Sewyda. amis Semdeg lokrebma datoves regielTa miwa, 158 Tukidide.indd 158 01.04.2013 14:47:16 xolo sirakuzelTa xomaldebi mesenasTan mogrovdnen da Ruza CauSves saxmeleTo laSqris banakis maxloblad. rode sac aTenelebma mowinaaRmdegeTa xomaldebi dainaxes, Seu ties maT, Tumca TviTonac dakarges erTi xomaldi, romelic mterma rkinis kauWiT daiWira. ekipaJma gadarCena moaxerxa. sirakuzelebi kvlav dasxdnen xomaldebze da napiris gas wvriv gacures. aTenelebma ki gadawyvites maTze Tavdasxma, magram sirakuzelebi moulodnelad Ria zRvaSi gavidnen da pirvelebma Seuties mters. aTenelebma kidev erTi xomaldi dakarges. amdenad, sirakuzelebma warmatebiT moig eries mte ri da mSvidobianad miaRwies mesenas navsadgurs. amasobaSi, aTenelebma, romlebmac gaiges, rom arqiosma da misma momxreebma kamarine sirakuzelebs gadasces, iqiT gascures. mesenielebma ki Tavisi jariTa da xomaldebiT qalkidelTa naqsosze gailaSqres. pirvelive dRes maT aiZules naqsosele bi, qalaqSi Caketiliyvnen da maTi miwis rbeva daiwyes. meore dRes xomaldebma Semouares koncxs naqsosis samxreTiT, xolo saxmeleTo jarma qalaqis Sturmi daiwyo. am dros mTebidan sikulebi daeSvnen da mesenielebs daesxnen Tavs. am ambavma naqsoselebi gaamxneva. isini uecrad gamovidnen qalaqidan, Seuties mesenielebs da ukuaqcies isini. aTasi kaci ki daxoces. danarCeni mesenielebi didi gaWirvebiT dabrundnen saxlSi. gzaSi bevri daiRupa barbarosebTan Setakebis dros. amis Sem deg mesenaSi Casuli xomaldebic saTiTaod gabrundnen Sin. leontinelebi da sxva mokavSireebi aTenelebTan erTad gaemarTnen mesenaze salaSqrod. isini did winaaRmdegobas ar elodnen mesenielTa ukanaskneli marcxis Semdeg. mokav Sireebi xmeleTidan utevdnen qalaqs, aTenelTa eskadra ki navsadgurs daesxa Tavs. mesenielebi da maT dasaxmareblad darCenili lokrebi moul odnelad gamovidnen qalaqidan, Tavs daesxnen leontinelebs da ukuaqcies isini. es rom dainaxes, 159 Tukidide.indd 159 01.04.2013 14:47:16 aTenelebma gadmosxes desanti da mesenielebi kvlav qalaqSi Serekes. maT gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da regiosSi dab rundnen. amis Semdeg aTenelebs aRar miuRiaT monawileoba siciliaze saxmeleTo brZolebSi. amasobaSi pilosTan aTenelebs alyaSi hyavdaT kunZulze darCenili lakedemonelebi, xolo peloponesis saxmeleTo laSqari adgilze idga. sakvebisa da mtknari wylis naklebobis gamo, kunZulis blokada aTenelTaTvisac mtanjveli gaxda. iq mxolod erTi patara wyaro iyo akropolisze. meomrebi sanapiroze ormoebs Txridnen da uvargis wyals svamdnen. viwro sanapiro zolSi, sadac aTenelebi dabanakdnen, ar iyo sakmarisi adgili, xolo xomaldebs ar hqondaT usafrTxo nav sayudeli. maT rigrigobiT uwevdaT sursaTis mosapoveblad gasvla da Ria zRvaSi Ruzis CaSveba. aTenelebs yvelaze metad mainc is Trgunavda, rom alya Wianurdeboda. maTi gaTvliT ukacriel kunZulze saWmel-sasmelis gareSe darCenili mteri ramdenime dReSi danebdeboda. xangrZlivi winaaRmdegoba ki imiT aixsneboda, rom lakedemonelebma didi jildo daaweses maTTvis, vinc kunZulze sakvebs Cait anda, helotebs amisaTvis Tavisuflebas aZlevdnen. marTlac, zogi axerxebda kunZul ze saWmlis Catanas. rodesac aTenSi pilosTan mdgomi laSqris gasaWiri gaiges, xalxi SeSinda, rom maT zamTarSi blokadis moxsna mouw evdaT. am dros jaris sursaTiT momarageba SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda, xolo arasrulfasovani blokadis pirobebSi lakedemonele bi avdarSi SeZlebdnen kunZulis datovebas im navebiT, rom lebiTac maTTvis sursaTi mihqondaT. yvelaze metad ki maT lakedemonelTa saqcieli aSfoTebdaT, radgan isini mSvidobas aRar sTavazobdnen, maT raRacis imedi unda hqonodaT. axla ki inanes, rom droulad ar miiRes maTi winadadeba. rodesac kleonma Seityo, rom mas mSvidobis mowinaaRmde ged miiCneven, pilosidan Camosuli elCebi tyuilSi daadana 160 Tukidide.indd 160 01.04.2013 14:47:16 Saula. magram is xalxi mtkiced idga sakuTar azrze da maTi naTqvamis adgilze Semowmebas iTxovda. am miznisaTvis TviTon kleoni SearCies. kleons esmoda, rom an im xalxis naTqvami unda daed asturebina, vinc man tyuilSi daadanaSaula, an Tvi Ton ecrua. maSin man urCia aTenelebs, dro aRar daekargaT da, Tu cnoba simarTled miaCndaT, pilosisken damatebiTi jari gaegzavnaT mtris sabolood gasanadgureblad. amasTan, kleonma gadahkra misTvis saZulvel strategos nikiass da Tqva, rom sardlebs, vaJkacebi rom yofiliyvnen, sakmarisi Zala hqondaT kunZulis dasakaveblad. xalxi aRaSfoTa am sityvebma, xolo nikiasma ganacxada, rom kleons SeuZlia waiyvanos imdeni xomaldi, ramdenic unda, da pilosSi wavides. Tavidan kleons egona, rom nikiasi mxolod sityviT uTmobda mas sardlobas da daTanxmda, magram Semdeg mixvda, rom xafangSi gaeba da uaryo es winadadeba im sababiT, rom strategosi nikiasi iyo. maSin nikiasma gaumeora SeTava zeba da Tanamdebobidan gadadga. rac ufro metad uarobda kleoni sardlobas, miT metad moiTxovda xalxi mis pilosSi gagzavnas. bolos kleoni iZulebuli gaxda, daTanxmebuliyo. man ganacxada, rom ar waiyvans moqalaqeebs da dasjerdeba qalaqSi myof mokavSireebs. am ZalebiT igi an oc dReSi Camo iyvans datyvevebul lakedemonelebs aTenSi, an kunZulzeve daxocavs maT. kleonis trabaxi aTenelebs sasacilod eCvenaT, magram mainc kmayofilebi iyvnen: an kleons moiSorebdnen, an lakedemonelebs daimorCilebdnen. kamaTis Semdeg aTenelebma kleoni airCies sazRvao laS qrobis sardlad. kleonma TanaSemwed demosTenesi daasaxela da dauy ovnebliv zRvaSi gavida. demosTenesi kleonma imitom SearCia, rom misi kunZulze Tavdasxmis survili icoda. demos Tenesis razmi did gasaWirSi iyo da Tavs alyaSi moqceul ebze ukeT ar grZnobda. maT surdaT saswrafod daewyoT ieriSi. demosTenesi kunZulze gaCenilma xanZarmac gaamxneva. adre 161 Tukidide.indd 161 01.04.2013 14:47:16 mas aSinebda kunZulze gadasvla. kunZuli tyiT iyo dafaru li, rac mters upiratesobas aZlevda. daburul tyeSi patara razmsac SeeZlo momxvdurTaTvis didi winaaRmdegobis gaweva. demosTeness etoliuri laSqrobis mware gamocdileba axsovda. misi mebrZolebi frTxilad gadavidnen kunZulze, iq dabanakdnen da sakvebis momzadeba daiwyes. erTma aTenel ma SemTxveviT xanZari gaaCina, amovardnilma qarma ki is mTel kunZulze gaavrcela da tyec gadaiwva. axla demosTeness ukeT SeeZlo mtris TvalTvali. man aRmoaCina, rom kunZulze bevri xalxi iyo da ieriSisaTvis samzadiss Seudga. amasobaSi kleoni pilosSi Cavida. sar dlebma saswrafod gagzavnes macne mtris banakSi m oTxovniT, kunZulze myofT iaraRi daeyaraT. lakedemonelebma uaryves es winadadeba. aTenelebma erTi dRe moicades, Semdeg ki dasxes hoplitebi xomaldebze da gamTeniis as kunZulze orive mxridan gadasxdnen. daaxloebiT rvaasi kaci swrafad daiZra mtris winaaRmdeg. lakedemonelebi kunZulze ase iyvnen ganlagebuli: pirvel saguSagos ocdaaTi hopliti icavda, centrSi, wyaros maxloblad, dabanakebuli iyvnen ZiriTadi Zalebi epitadasis sardlobiT, xolo kunZu lis ukidures nawils, pilosis maxloblad, kidev erTi patara razmi icavda. es adgili yvelaze miudgomeli iyo, Tanac iq Zveli simagrec mdebareobda. aTenelebma gaanadgures lakedemonelTa pirveli saguSago ise, rom mterma karvebidan gamosvla da iaraRis xelSi aRebac ki ver moaswro. rodesac gaTenda, danarCeni laSqaric, qve da rigis meniCbeeb is garda, kunZulze gadavida: sul rvaasi moisari, amdenive peltasti, mesenielTa damxmare razmebi da yvela sxva, pilosis garnizonis garda. demosTenesis brZa nebiT, aTenelebi daiyvnen oraskacian razmebad da daikaves simaRleeb i kunZulze, raTa mowinaaRmdege alyaSi moeqciaT, maT ki ar scodnodaT, romel mxares wasuliyvnen. lakedemone 162 Tukidide.indd 162 01.04.2013 14:47:16 lebi, saiTac ar izamdnen pirs, maT zurgSi msubuqad aRWurvili aTenelebi aRmoCndebodnen. am razmebis winaaRmdeg brZola yvelaze rTuli iyo, radgan isini Soridan esrodnen mters isrebs, qvebsa da Subebs. maT swrafad SeeZloT ukan daxevac da mtris devnac. aseTi iyo demosTenesis gegma. epitadasis razmi mwyobri nabijiT daiZra aTeneli hoplitebis winaaR mdeg, raTa xelCarTuli brZola gaemarTa. hoplitebi maT pirispir idgnen, xolo msubuqad Seia raRebulebi – flangebsa da zurgSi. magram maT ver moaxerxes xelCarTul brZolaSi Tavisi xelovnebis srulad gamovlena, radgan mtris msubuqad SeiaraRebuli mebrZolebi maT Soridan esrodnen da awuxeb dnen, xolo aTeneli hoplitebi uZravad idgnen erT adgilas. iq, sadac msubuqad Seia raRebulebi Zalian axlos midiodnen, lakedemoneli hoplitebi axerxebdnen maT mogeriebas. magram isini ukan brundebodnen da iqidan agrZelebdnen brZolas. mZimed SeWurvil lakedemonelebs ar SeeZloT miudgomel adgilebSi maTi devna. ormxrivi srola erTxans grZeldeboda, magram lakede monelebi ukve veRar pasuxobdnen swrafi kontrieriSebiT. aTenelebma igrZnes, rom mtris winaaRmdegoba sustdeboda da ufro Tamamad Seuties. isini TandaTan mieCvivnen mters da aRar eCvenebodaT igi saSiSad. Tanac aRmoCnda, rom danakargi bevrad naklebi hqondaT, vidre elodnen. Tavidan maT aZrwu nebda azri, rom brZolis velze pirispir unda Sexvedrodnen lakedemonelebs. axla ki Tavisi upiratesoba igrZnes da sab rZolo yiJiniT utevdnen maT. Tan yvelafers esrodnen, rac xelSi moxvdebodaT – qvebs, Subebs, isrebs. lakedemonelebi Sedrknen, maT uCveulo pirobebSi uwevdaT brZola. verafers xedavdnen, radgan qarma cota xnis win damwvari tyis ferflic aSala. maTi mdgomareoba sul ufro saxifaTo xdeboda. jav Sani maT isrebisgan ver icavda. maT aRar icodnen, ra eqnaT da gadarCenis imedi ewurebodaT. 163 Tukidide.indd 163 01.04.2013 14:47:16 bevri mebrZoli daiWra da lakedemonelebma mwyobrad daiwyes ukan daxeva kunZulis ganapiras mdebare postisaken. msubuqad SeiaraRebuli aTenelebi Tamamad misdevdnen maT da xocavdnen yvelas, vinc xelSi Cauv ardebodaT. lakedemo nelTa umravlesobam mainc moaxerxa simagremde misvla da SeuerTda mis garnizons. devnisas aTenelebma ver moaxerxes lakedemonelTa alyaSi moqceva da axla pirdapir utevdnen bunebrivad miudgomel simagres. TiTqmis mTel dRes grZel deboda brZola. mebrZolebs stanjavdaT wyurvili da sicxe. erTni cdilobdnen mtris gamodevnas simagridan, meoreni ki – sakuTari poziciis SenarCunebas. da mainc, lakedemone lebs axla metad SeeZloT Tavis dacva, radgan maT zurgidan aRaravin emuqreboda. brZolas bolo ar uCanda. maSin mesenielTa sardalma kle onsa da demosTeness uTxra, rom ase mters verafers daak lebdnen. man iTxova moisrebisa da peltastebis razmi, raTa zurgidan Semoevlo mtrisTvis. am razmiT mesenieli mtris Tvis SeumCnevlad daiZra, gahyva kldovan napirs da cicabo adgils miadga, romelic lakedemonelebs usafrTxo egonaT da amitom ar icavdnen. zurgSi mtris moulodnelma gamoCe nam SeaZrwuna lakedemonelebi da mxneoba Semata aTenelebs, romlebmac bolos dainaxes is, rasac didxans natrobdnen. lakedemonelebi daaxloebiT imave mdgomareobaSi aRmoC ndnen, rogorc Tavis dros Termopiles gmirebi. SimSiliT dasustebulebma ori mxridan Setevas ver gauZles da ukan daixies. aTenelema ki gasasvlelebi daikaves. kleoni da demosTenesi xvdebodnen, rom Tu lakedemone lebi kidev ukan daixevdnen, daixocebodnen. amitom gaaCeres TavianTi meomrebi. surdaT cocxali lakedemonelebis aTenSi Cayvana, radgan aTenelTa sardlebma macnes piriT maT dane beba SesTavazes. lakedemonelTa umravlesobam farebi miwaze daawyo da 164 Tukidide.indd 164 01.04.2013 14:47:17 xelebi aswia imis niSnad, rom nebdebodnen. aTenis mxridan molaparakebas kleoni da demosTenesi awarmoebdnen, xolo lakedemonelTagan – stifoni. maTi sardali epitadasi brZo lis dasawyisSive daiRupa, xolo daWrili moadgile sikvdils ebrZoda. stifoni mesame sardlad airCies. stifonma gamoTqva survili, macnis meSveobiT ekiTxa xmeleTze myofi lakede monelebisaTvis, ra gaakeTos. kleonma da demosTenesma ar misces lakedemonelebs kunZulis datovebis ufleba da Tvi Ton gamoiZaxes macneebi. ramdenime mokle SekiTxvis Semdeg ukanasknelma macnem ase Tqva: `lakedemonelebi gibrZaneben, Tavad gadawyvitoT Tqveni bedi ise, rom Rirseba ar dakargoT~. maSin lakedemonelebma mcire TaTbiris Semdeg gadawyvites, danebebodnen aTenelebs. im dRes da momdevno Rames aTenelebs tyveebi kunZulze hyavdaT. Semdeg dRes ki kunZulze gamarjvebis niSani aRmar Tes da tyveebi samxedro xomaldebis meTaurebs gadasces. lakedemonelebma macnes piriT cxedrebi iTxoves. kunZulze gadasuli oTxas oci lakedemoneli hoplitidan oras oTx mocdaTormeti aTenSi Caiyvanes, danarCenebi ki daiRupnen. gadarCenilTa Soris as oci sparteli iyo. aTenelTa dana kargebi ki umniSvnelo aRmoCnda, radgan saqme xelCarTul brZolamde ar misula. kunZulis alya samocdaTormet dRes gagrZelda – sazR vao brZolidan kunZulze brZolamde. aqedan daaxloebiT oci dRe, sanam elCebi molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen, lake demonelebi sursaTiT maragdebodnen. danarCen dros ki imas sjerdebodnen, rasac maT farulad awvdidnen. kunZulze kidev darCa cota sursaTi, radgan epitadasi TiToeul mebrZols cotaTi naklebs aZlevda, vidre maragi hqondaT. aTenelebic da peloponeselebic Sin gabrundnen pilosidan da kleonis erTi SexedviT ugunuri piroba Sesrulda – oc dReSi man aTenSi tyveebi Caiyvana. 165 Tukidide.indd 165 01.04.2013 14:47:17 omis movlenebidan elinTaTvis aseTi moulodneli arc erTi ar yofila. yvela darwmunebuli iyo, rom lakedemone lebi arc SimSilis, arc sxva gasaWiris gamo ar danebdebodnen da iaraRiT xelSi amjobinebdnen sikvdils. xalxi eWvobda, iyvnen Tu ara gadarCenilebi iseTive mamacebi, rogorc daRu pulebi. Semdgom aTenelTa erTma mokavSirem es hkiTxa kidec erT-erT tyves, razec aseTi pasuxi miiRo: `lerwami bevrad ufro Zvirfasi iqneboda, RirseulTa gamorCeva rom SeeZ los~. amiT imis Tqma undoda, rom isari ganurCevlad klavs yvelas, visac xvdeba. aTenelebma gadawyvites, tyveebi manamde hyolodaT Tavis Tan, sanam zavs ar dadebdnen, xolo Tu peloponeselebi kvlav daesxmodnen maT samflobeloebs, tyveeb i daexocaT. pilosSi aTenelebma garnizoni datoves, xolo mesenielebma navpaqto sidan iq saukeTeso xalxi gagzavnes. pilosi xom Zvel meseni as ekuTvnoda. iqidan mesenielebi Tavs esxmodnen lakoniis sanapiros da zians ayenebdnen maT, miT ufro, rom isini imave dialeqtze saubrobdnen, razec lakoniis mcxovrebni. lakedemonelebs aqamde ar ganucdiaT sakuTari miwis aox reba da omis warmoebis es meTodi. isini xedavdnen, rom helo tebi pilosSi mtris mxareze gadadiodnen da SeSfoTebulebi iyvnen, radgan ukmayofileba SeiZleba ufro Sorsac gavrce lebuliyo. lakedemonelebi aSkarad ar gamoTqvamdnen Tavis SeSfoTebas, magram elCebs gzavnidnen aTenSi da tyveebis dab runebas cdilobdnen. aTenelebi ki maT sul axal moTxovnebs uyenebdnen da yovel jerze elCebs pirSi Calagamovlebulebs istumrebdnen. pilosis movlenebis Semdeg, imave zafxuls, aTenelebma wamoiwyes laSqroba korinTelTa winaaRmdeg. laSqrobaSi monawileobda oTxmoci xomaldi, ori aTasi hopliti da orasi mxedari, romelTa gadasayvanadac specialurad moamzades xomaldebi. maT Tan axldnen mokavSire miletelebi, androse 166 Tukidide.indd 166 01.04.2013 14:47:17 lebi da karistielebi. laSqrobas nikias i xel,ZRvanelobda. aTenelebi gadasxdnen sanapiroze xersonessa da reitoss Soris soligeias maxloblad. Zvelad, rodesac dorielebi korinTosis eoliel mcxovreblebs ebrZodnen, swored aq hqondaT banaki mowyobili. korinTelebma winaswar icodnen aTenelTa mosalodneli SemoWris Sesaxeb da laSqari Sek ribes isTmosze, garda im xuTasi kacisa, vinc amprakiasa da levkadaSi imyofebodnen. aTenelebi napirs RamiT miadgnen, adgilobrivebma sasignalo cecxli aanTes da korinTelTa jari maT Sesaxvedrad wamovida. batosma, maTma erT-erTma sardalma, soligeia daik ava. likofroni ki danarCeni nawile biT brZolaSi Caeba. korinTelebma Tavidanve Seuties axlad gadmomsxdar aTenelTa marjvena frTas xersonesTan, Semdeg ki sxva nawilebsac. ficxeli xelCarTuli brZola gaCaRda. aTenelTa da karistielTa marjvena frTam xangrZlivi brZo lis mere ukuagdo mteri. korinTelebma ukan daixies qvis galavnisken da zemodan qvebi daayares mowinaaRmdeges, Sem deg peanis simReriT isev Setevaze gadavidnen. isev brZola gaCaRda. korinTelebs damxmare Zala mouvidaT. maT sanapi rosken gandevnes aTenelebi, magram xomaldebTan aTenelebma da karistiel ebma kvlav Seuties mters. brZola ar cxreboda arc sxva adgilebSi, gansakuTrebiT sisxlismRvreli is korin TelTa marjvena frTaze iyo, sadac aTenelebs soligeiasken gzas TviT likofroni uRobavda. didxans orive mxare medgrad idga. bolos korinTelebma ukan daixies. aTenelebs kargi samsaxuri gauwies mxedrebma, romlebic korinTelebs ar hyavdaT. korinTelebi borcvze gamagrdnen da qveviT aRar Camodiodnen. ukan daxevisas korin TelTa marjvena frTa gansakuTrebiT dazaralda. daiRupa maTi sardali likofroni. korinTelebs aRar ganuaxlebiaT brZola. aTenelebma ki saWurveli moxsnes daRupulebs, akrifes sakuTar meomarTa cxedrebi da gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. 167 Tukidide.indd 167 01.04.2013 14:47:17 korinTelTa jaris meore nawili, romelic aTenelTaTvis kromionisken gzis dasaketad kenqreaSi idga, brZolas ver xedavda. maT mTa efareboda. rodesac maT mtvris Rrubeli SeniSnes, mixvdnen, rom brZola gaCaRda da saSvelad wavid nen. qalaqidanac gamogzavnes ufrosi asakis moqalaqeTagan Semdgari damxmare razmebi. rodesac mravalricxovani mteri dainaxes, aTenelebma ifiqres, rom korinTelebs danarCeni peloponesidan mouv ida maSveli Zala. maT xomaldebze gadai tanes nadavli da TavisianTa cxedrebi, garda orisa, romlebic ver ipoves, dasxdnen xomaldebze da mimdebare kunZulebze gadainacvles. iqidan korinTelebs macne gaugzavnes da Tavi anTi meomrebis cxedrebi mosTxoves. brZolaSi oras Tormeti korinTeli da ormocdaaT amde aTeneli daeca. kunZulebidan aTenelebi imave dRes Tavs daesxnen kromi ons, korinTosidan as oc stadionSi, da miwa daarbies. Semdeg dRes eskadra sanapiros gauyva epidavrosisken da gadmosxdnen meTanasTan, epidavrossa da troiZenes Soris. aTenelebma daikaves da gaamagres naxevarkunZulze gadasasvleli yeli. iq garnizoni datoves, raRac xans TareSobdnen troiZenes, haliadasa da epidavriaS i. Semdeg Sin dabrundnen. daaxloebiT amave dros evrimedoni da sofoklesi pilosidan siciliisken gzad kerkiras ewvivnen. aq moqalaqeebTan erTad gailaSqres kerkirel devnilebze, romlebic ajanyebis Semdeg istones mTaze iyvnen gamagrebulebi. aTenelebma SturmiT aiRes maTi simagre, devnilebma ki gasces Tavisi moqiravneebi, TviTo nac iaraRi dayares da sakuTari bedis gadawyveta aTenelebs miandes. aTenSi gagzavnamde isini kunZul ptiqiaze hyavdaT datyvevebuli im pirobiT, rom Tu erTi mainc ecdeboda gaqce vas, SeTanxmeba Zalas dakargavda. saxalxo partiis beladebs eSinodaT, rom aTenelebi sikvdiliT ar dasjidnen ltolvi lebs da amgvar eSmakobas mimarTes. maT saidumlod gagzavnes kunZulze ltolvilTa ramdenime Zveli megobari, viTomda 168 Tukidide.indd 168 01.04.2013 14:47:17 keTili rCeviT, saswrafod daetovebinaT kunZuli, radgan aTeneli sardlebi maT kerkirelTaTvis gadacemas apirebdnen. ltolvilebma daijeres da gasaqcevad moemzadnen. bolo wuTs aTenelebma isini daakaves da kerkirelebs gadasces. es, albaT, aTenelma sardlebma Caifiqres, radgan maT esaWiroe bodaT mizezi tyveeb is gasacemad da ar surdaT vinmes aTenSi gagzavna, rodesac TviTon siciliaze uwevdaT brZola. ker kirelebma tyveebi did SenobaSi daamwyvdies. isini ockacian jgufebad gamohyavdaT da erTmaneTze gadabmulebs hopli tebs Soris atarebdnen. TiToeul i hopliti klavda mas, visac pirad mtrad miiCnevda. amgvarad, kerkirelebma samoci kaci dasajes sikvdiliT. danarCenebma ki ar icodnen ra xdeboda da fiqrobdnen, rom tyveebi sxva cixeSi gadahyavdaT. rodesac simarTle gaiges, aTenelebs sTxoves, Tu saWiro iyo, maTve daexocaT, xolo Senobidan aRar gavidodnen da arc aravis SeuSvebdnen aq, sanam winaaRmdegobis gaweva SeeZloT. maSin kerkirelebma saxu ravi axades Senobas da iqidan tyveebs kramitebsa da isrebs esrodnen. tyveebi Tavs icavdnen, rogorc SeeZloT. bevrma Tavi moikla. TiTqmis mTel Rames grZeldeboda xocva-Jleta. dilas kerkirelebma daxocilebi urmebze daawyves da qala qidan gaiyvanes. tyved Cavardnili qalebi ki monebad gayides. ase dasrulda Sinaomi kerkiraze, aTenelebma ki siciliisken gza gaagrZeles. imave zafxulis dasasruls aTenelebma akarnanelebTan erTad navpaqtosidan gailaSqres korinTelTa qalaq anaq toriosze da moRalateTa daxmarebiT daikaves igi. qveyana gadasces akarnanelebs, romlebmac moaxalSeneeb i gamogzavnes aq. ase dasrulda zafxuli. Semdeg zamTars aTenelTa eskadris sardalma aristides ma, romelic mokavSireTagan xarks agrovebda, xelSi Caigdo artafernesi, romelic sparseTis mefis davalebiT lakede 169 Tukidide.indd 169 01.04.2013 14:47:17 monSi midioda. igi aTenSi waiyvanes, sadac werili asurulidan Targmnes da waikiTxes. werilSi ewera, rom mefes ar esmis, ra undaT lakedemonelebs. maTi yvela elCi sxvadasxvas ambobs. axla gaayolon am sparsels elCebi, romlebic ganmartaven, ra surT. Semdeg aTenelebma artaferness gaayoles efesosSi sakuTari elCebi, magram iq Seityves, rom mefe artaqserqse gardaicvala da elCebi ukan gamobrundnen. imave zamTars aTenelebma qioselebs ubrZanes qalaqis galavnis dangreva, radgan eWvobdnen, rom ajanyeba mzadde boda. amave dros qioselebi daarwmunes, rom momavalSi maT Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caereodnen. ase dasrulda zamTari da omis meSvide weli. Semdegi zafxulis dasawyisSi, savse mTvarisas, mze nawi lobriv dabnelda, xolo imave TveSi miwisZvra moxda. mitilenedan da sxva lesbosuri qalaqebidan devnileb ma iqiraves peloponeselTa damxmare razmebi da daikaves roiteiosi. Tumca, aravis araferi avnes da ori aTasi foke uri stateris fasad daubrunes igi moqalaqeebs. Semdeg maT antandrosi dalaSqres da moRalateTa daxmarebiT daik aves qalaqi. ganzraxuli hqondaT, sxva qalaqebic gaeTavisuf lebinaT, romlebic adre mitilenelebs ekuTvnodaT, xolo axla aTenelebis xelSi iyo. xe-tyiT mdidari antandrosi ki maT dasayrdenad unda qceuliyo. aq SeiZleboda xomaldebis ageba, aqedanve SeeZloT eZarcvaT lesbosi da dauflebodnen eoliur qalaqebs xmeleTze. imave zafxuls aTenelTa eskadra, romelSic samoci xomal di, ori aTasi hopliti da cotaodeni mxedari Sedioda, mile telTa da sxva mokavSireTa daxmarebiT, Tavs daesxa kiTeras. laSqrobas nikiasi sardlobda. kiTera aris kunZuli lakoniis napirebTan. masze lakedemoneli periekebi cxovroben. spar telebi didad zrunavdnen kunZulze da aq garnizoni hyavdaT. aq iyo lakedemonelTa navsadguri, sadac satvirTo xomalde 170 Tukidide.indd 170 01.04.2013 14:47:17 bi modiodnen egviptidan da libiidan. garda amisa, kunZuli mekobreTagan icavda lakoniis napirebs. aTenelebma aTi xomaldiTa da ori aTasi mileteli hop litiT daikaves qalaqi skandia. danarCeni laSqari ki maleis koncxis mopirispire mxares gadmosxes, da Seut ies kiTerelTa qalaqs. adgilobrivebi srul sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi daxvdnen. xanmokle brZolis Semdeg kiTerelebi damarcxdnen da Tavi akropoliss Seaf ares. Semdeg isini danebdnen nikiass sicocx lis SenarCunebis pirobiT. aTenelebma garnizoni datoves kiTeraze da asinas, helosisa da sxva sanapiro qalaqebis dasarbevad gaswies. lakedemonelebi xedavdnen, rom kiTera aTenelebma dai kaves da maT aseTi TavdasxmebisTvis jerovani mzadyofna marTebdaT, magram isini arsad ar gamosulan gaerTianebuli ZalebiT. maT gagzavnes hoplitebis razmebi mTel qveyanaSi mniSvnelovani adgilebis dasacavad da maqsimalur sifrTxi les iCendnen, raTa Tavidan aecilebinaT gadatrialeba maSin, rodesac aseTi moulodneli marcxi ganicades – pilosi da kiTera mtris xelT aRmoCnda da maT yvela mxridan safrTxe elodaT. pirvelad TavianT samxedro praqtikaSi maT gadawy vites, SeeqmnaT cxenosanTa da mSvildosanTa razmebi. lake demonelebi uxerxulad grZnobdnen Tavs, radgan CaTreulni iyvnen sazRvao omSi aTenelebTan, romelTa SesaZleblobebic amouwuravi Canda. moulodnelma ubedurebebma maT Tavdaje reba daakargvina. sanam aTenelebi laoniis sanapiros arbevdnen, lakedemone lebi, ZiriTadad, umoqmedod iyvnen. maT sayaraulo postebze myofi garnizonebi, rogorc wesi, ar erTvebodnen brZolaSi. mxolod erTxel daesxnen Tavs msubuqad SeWurvil aTenelebs da gaaqcies isini. magram hoplitebis mosvlis Semdeg isev ukan daixies da ramdenime kaci dakarges. aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da kiTeraze dabrundnen. iqidan agrZelebdnen 171 Tukidide.indd 171 01.04.2013 14:47:17 sanapiros rbevas. Tavs daesxnen Tireas, sadac lakedemone lebma egineli ltolvilebi daasaxles. sanam aTenelTa eskadra jer kidev zRvaSi iyo, eginelebma datoves simagre, romelsac sanapiroze aSenebdnen, akropo liss Seafares Tavi. lakonelTa erT-erTi saguSagos wevri, romelic mSeneblobaSi exmareboda, ar gahyva maT. lakedemo nelebma mTebSi daixies da aRar miexmarnen eginelebs, radgan sakuTari Zalebi arasakmarisad miiCnies. amasobaSi aTenelebi napirze gadmovidnen da Seuties Tire as. maT aiRes, gadawves da daangries qalaqi, cocxlad gadar Cenili eginelebi ki aTenSi waiyvanes. maTTan erTad waiyvanes lakedemoneli sardali tantalosi da kidev ramdenime kiTe reli. isini usafrTxoebis mizniT moaSores kunZuls. aTen Si gadawyvites maTi kikladebze gagzavna, xolo danarCeni kiTerelebi samSobloSi datoves da xarkad oTxi talanti dauweses. tyve eginelebi sikvdiliT dasajes, tantalosi ki sxva lakedemonel tyveebs SeuerTda. imave zafxuls siciliaz e dazavdnen kamarina da gela. Sem deg gelaSi sxva elinuri qveynebis warmomadgenlebic samSvi dobo molaparakebebze Seikribnen. xangrZlivi kamaTis Semdeg, sadac zogi mSvidobas uWerda mxars, zogi ki sakuTar saCivarsa da moTxovnebs ver eleoda, SekrebilT mimarTa sirakuzelma hermokratesma, romlis sityvebmac yvela daarwmuna: `sicilielebo, rogorc yvelaze didi da omisgan yvelaze naklebad dazaralebuli qveynis warmomadgenels, me msurs, siciliisTvis yvelaze sasrgeblo ram SemogTavazoT. rad movyve omis saSinelebebis Sesaxeb, rodesac Tqven es yvelaferi kargad uwyiT? aravis dauwyia omi ise, rom ar scodnoda, ra ubedureba moaqvs mas da arc amis SiSs gauCerebia vinme, Tu omi gamorCe nas hpirdeba. zogi gadaWarbebiT afasebs gamorCenas xifaTTan SedarebiT, sxva ki mzad aris xifaTSi Caigdos Tavi, oRond dRes araferi daTmos. magram erTnic da meorenic cdebian. savsebiT 172 Tukidide.indd 172 01.04.2013 14:47:17 droulia mSvidobisken mowodeba. es arc Cven gvawyens. Tu Tavis droze omi calkeuli qveynis kerZo interesebis gamo daviwyeT, axla mainc vcadoT Cveni uTanxmoeb is molaparakebebiT mogva reba. Tu mainc araferi gamogviva, isev viomoT. Tumca, gonebas Tu movuxmobT, mivxvdebiT, rom saqme Cvens kerZo interesebs ki ar exeba, aramed siciliis dacvas aTe nelTagan, romlebsac, Cemi azriT, mTeli kunZulis dapyroba surT. Cems sityvebze metad Tavad aTenelebma unda dagar wmunoT mSvidobis aucileblobaSi. aTeni yvelaze Zlieri saxelmwifoa eladaSi. Tavidan CvenTan mcire eskadriT movi da, rogorc kanonieri mokavSire. isini iTvaliswineben Cvens Secdomebs da, kavSiris saxeliT, cdiloben gamoiyenon Cveni winaaRmdegobebi. rodesac erTmaneTs vebrZviT da Cvens qve yanaSi sxvas veZaxiT, amiT Cven vsustdebiT da sxvas vuxsniT gzas batonobisTvis. rogorc ki dain axaven, rom davsustdiT, aq ufro didi eskadriT movlen da mTel kunZuls daikaveben. CvenTvis ufro gonivruli iqneboda, TiToeul qveyanas Tavisi mokavSire moexmo, vinc mogvawvdida, rac gvWirdeba, vidre is dagvepatiJebina, vinc gvaCanagebs da visac axali xifaTi moaqvs. Cveni uTanxmoebebi udavod didi borotebaa TiToeuli qveynisTvisac da mTeli siciliisTvisac. Cven xom erTian i siciliis Svilebi varT da, miuxedavad saerTo saf rTxisa, erTmaneTs vebrZviT. moqalaqeebmac da qveynebmac unda gavigoT, rom unda davzavdeT da erTiani ZalebiT gadavar CinoT mTeli sicilia. nuravin ifiqrebs, rom sicilielTagan mxolod dorielebi arian aTenelTa mtrebi, xolo qalkidele bi da ionielebi maTTgan daculni arian. aTenelebi aq mosax leobis doriul nawils imitom ki ar ebrZvian, rom sicilia or tomad aris gayofili, aramed imitom, rom mTeli kunZuli daipyron. es kargad Cans qalkidelTa magaliTze. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalkidelebi aTenelebs arasdros daxmarebian, aTenelebi didi siam ovnebiT daexmarnen maT. gamorCenis Zieba 173 Tukidide.indd 173 01.04.2013 14:47:17 aTenelebs epatieb aT. me vsayvedurob maT, vinc mzad aris dae morCilos. Zalian cdeba is, vinc es yvelaferi icis da zomebs ar iRebs. saerTo mSvidoba gvixsnis am safrTxisgan. aTenelebi xom Tavs gvesxmian ara sakuTari miwidan, aramed maTi mokav Sire siciliuri qalaqebidan. omi omiT ki ar dasruldeba, aramed mSvidobiT da maSin, vinc CvenTan mokavSired movida, magram boroteba aqvs ganzraxuli, verafers miiRebs. ai, ra mogebas mogvitans aTenelTa mimarT gonivruli politika, da Tu mSvidoba udidesi bednierebaa, ratom ar davamyaroT igi Cven Soris? da Tu erTs raRac upiratesoba aqvs, sxva ki mZime mdgomareobaSia, gana mSvidoba omze metad ar daexmareba maT keTildReobis SenarCunebasa Tu ubedurebis daZlevaSi? gana mSvidobas pativi, saxeli da sxva sixaruli omze metad usaf rTxo gziT ar moaqvs? dafiqrdiT amaze! is, visac gadawyve tili aqvs, miaRwios rames patiosani gziT an ZaladobiT, unda ufrTxodes sastik marcxs, romelic moulodnelad SeiZleba ewvios. mas unda axsovdes, rom ukve bevri damarcxebula, vinc warmatebis imediTa da Zalaze dayrdnobiT SurisZieb as eswrafvoda. SurisZieba ver iqneba yovelTvis warmatebuli da Zala ver iqneba warmatebis sawindari mxolod imitom, rom TviTdajerebulia. momavali xSir SemTxvevaSi gaurkvevelia da es kargic aris, radgan rodesac eWvi gvepareba, meti sif rTxiliT vekidebiT saomar moqmedebebs. axla Cven SeSfoTebisTvis ori mTavari safuZveli gvaqvs: gaurkveveli momavali da SiSi Zlieri mtris winaSe, romelic ukve Cvens miwazea. am mizezebis gamo Cveni gegmebi arasaimedoa. vaiZuloT Zlieri mteri, datovos Cveni miwa da davamyaroT mSvidoba samudamod an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, didi xniT gadavdoT Cveni uTanxmoebebi. Tu me ar damijerebT da sxvis rCevas miiRebT, Tqven ver dasjiT Tqvens mters. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, Tqven gaxdebiT mTavari mtris mokavSire da nam dvili megobrebis mteri. me, rogorc giTxariT, warmovadgen 174 Tukidide.indd 174 01.04.2013 14:47:17 siciliis udides qveyanas, romelsac SeuZlia sxvebs Tavs daesxas, magram vfiqrob momavalze da minda SevuTanxmde Cvens mtrebs, raTa momavalSi ar davzaraldeT. Tqvenganac imaves moveli, sanam mtrebi ar gaiZuleben amas. srulebiTac ar aris sircxvili erTi tomis xalxma uTanxmoeba mSvidobi anad moagvaros. Cven yvelani mezoblebi varT, erT kunZulze vcxovrobT da saerTo saxeli gvaqvs – sicilielebi. Tu erTma neTSi viomebT, molaparakebasa da mSvidobis damyarebasac movaxerxebT. ucxo dampyrobels ki erTad unda vebrZoloT, radgan calkeuli qveynisTvis miyenebuli vneba Tanabrad saxifaToa yvelasTvis. momavalSi nuRar moviwvevT ucxoel mokavSireebsa Tu Suamavlebs. amiT sicilias or upiratesobas mivaniWebT – gavaTavisuflebT mas aTenelebisganac da Sinao mebisganac. momavalSic Cveni Tavisufali qveynis patronebi davrCebiT da sxva veras gvavnebs~. sicilielebi daeTanxmnen hermokratess da SeTanxmdnen, daesrulebinaT omi im pirobiT, rom yvela qveyana Tavis sam flobeloebs SeinarCunebda. mxolod morgantina gadaeca kamarinelebs, risTvisac maT sirakuzelebisTvis garkveuli safasuri unda gadaex adaT. aTenelTa mokavSire qveynebma gamoucxades aTenel sar dlebs, rom samSvidobo xelSekrulebis dadebas apireben da maTac SesTavazes SeerTebodnen mas. eskadris Sin dabrunebis Semdeg aTenis mTavrobam piTodorossa da sofokles qveyni dan gaZeveba miusaja, evrimedons ki – fuladi jarima. isini daadanaSaules imaSi, rom siciliis dapyrobis nacvlad qrTa mi aiRes da ukan daixies. aTenelebi ise iyvnen dabrmavebuli Tavisi warmatebebiT, rom sul ufro mets eswrafvodnen – SesaZlebelsac da SeuZlebelsac. imave zafxuls megaris moqalaqeebma, romlebic did gasa WirSi iyvnen aTenelebTan omisa da devnilTa yaCaRuri Tavdas xmebis gamo, daiwyes devnilTa dabrunebaze fiqri. devnilTa 175 Tukidide.indd 175 01.04.2013 14:47:17 megobrebma igrZnes xalxis ganwyobilebaSi cvlileba da ufro dabejiTebiT moiTxoves maTi dabruneba. magram saxalxo partiis beladebi mixvdnen, rom ltolvilebis dabrunebis Semdeg ucxo Zalis gareSe demokratias ver Sein arCunebdnen da daiwyes saidumlo molaparakebebi aTenel sardlebTan, hipokratesTan da demosTenesTan. aTenelTaTvis qalaqis gadacemaSi isini nakleb xifaTs xedavdnen, vidre ltolvile bis dabrunebaSi. isini SeTanxmdnen, rom aTenelebi jer grZel kedlebs daikaveben, raTa peloponeselebi ver movidnen nise adan, sadac megaris dasacavad maT garnizoni edgaT. Semdeg SeTqmulebi Seecdebodnen aTenelTa zemo qalaqSi SeSvebas. molaparakebis Semdeg aTenelTa eqvsasi hopliti, hipokra tosis sardlobiT, mivida kunZul minoaze da kedelTan axlos TxrilSi daimala. msubuqad SeiaraRebulma plateelebma da mesazRvreebma demosTenesis sardlobiT enialiosis samloc velos Seafares Tavi. RamiT isini veravin SeamCnia. gamTeniisas megarelma SeTqmulebma gegmis ganxorcieleba daiwyes. maT winaswar miiRes zomebi, saWiro dros grZeli kedlis WiSka ri gaeRoT. isini dauaxlovdnen peloponeselTa garnizonis ufross, romelic maT mekobreebad Tvlida da RamiT xSirad gadiodnen am WiSkridan, TiTqos aTenelebze Tavdasasxmelad. axla, rodesac WiSkari maTTvis gaiRo, aTenelebma qalaqSi SeaRwies. pirvelebi WiSkarSi demosTenesi da plateelebi Sevidnen. isini im adgilamde mividnen, sadac dRes nadavlia gamofenili. maxloblad mdgarma peloponeselebma SeniSnes aTenelebi da SeebrZolnen. Setakeba WiSkarTan daiwyo. amas Tan, mewinave razmma mteri ukuagdo da WiSkari hipokratesis hoplitebis mosvlamde SeinarCuna. hoplitebi WiSkarSi Sevidnen da kedlis dakaveba daiwy es. peloponeselTa garnizonis mcire nawili maT winaaRmdegobas uwevda, danarCenebi ki gaiqcnen. isini SeaSina mtris Tavdas xmam. garda amisa xedavdnen, rom megarelebic maT winaaR 176 Tukidide.indd 176 01.04.2013 14:47:17 mdeg iyvnen. aTenelma macnem gamoacxada, rom yvela megarels SeeZlo iaraRiT aTenelebs SeerTeboda. es gancxadeba rom gaigones, peloponeselebi maSinve niseaSi gaiqcnen, radgan fiqrobdnen, rom aTenelebi da megarelebi marTla gaerTi andnen. diliT, rodesac grZeli kedlebi ukve aTenelTa xel Si iyo, megarelebi SiSma moicva. SeTqmulebma ki moiTxoves WiSkris gaReba, raTa mters SebrZolebodnen. SeTanxmdnen, rom WiSkris gaRebis Semdeg, aTenelebi qalaqSi SeiWrebod nen, TviTon ki sxvebisgan gasarCevad zeTs waisvamdnen. SeT qmulTaTvis WiSkris gaReba miT ufro usafrTxo iyo, rom aTenelebs, SeTanxmebisamebr, oTxi aTasi hopliti da eqvsasi mxedari CamouvidaT. SeTqmulebma ukve waisves zeTi da WiS kris gaRebas apirebdnen, rodesac erT-erTma Tanamzraxvelma mowinaaRmdege partias Canafiqri gaacno. isini Sejgufdnen da acxadebdnen, rom adrec ver bedavdnen mterze Tavdasxmas. axla ki amis gakeTeba namdvilad ar SeiZleboda, radgan qalaqs did safrTxeSi agdebdnen. isini ar imCnevdnen, rom icodnen SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb, magram WiSkars icavdnen da SeTqmulebma mizans ver miaRwies. rodesac aTenelma sardlebma dainaxes, rom raRac dabrkolebis gamo qalaqis aRebas ver axerxeben, gadawyvites nisasTvis saalyo kedlis Semortyma. maT miaC ndaT, rom megara danebdeba, Tu niseas aRebas moaxerxeben. aTenidan saWiro masala Camoit anes da ostatebi Camoiyvanes. niseis garSemo kedlis mSenebloba swrafad midioda. meo re saRamosTvis is TiTqmis mzad iyo da SeSinebuli niseelebi aTenelebs danebdnen. peloponesidan Svelas isini ar elod nen, xolo megarelebs aTenelTa mxareze gadasulebad miiC nevdnen. garnizons wasvlis ufleba misces, magram TiToeul mebrZols unda gadaexada gamosasyidi da Caebarebina iaraRi. qalaqSi myofi lakedemonelebi da maTi meTauri tyved aiyva nes. aTenelebma nisea daik aves da daiwyes megaris winaaRmdeg operaciebis samzadisi. 177 Tukidide.indd 177 01.04.2013 14:47:17 im dros lakedemoneli brasidasi sikionisa da korinTosis midamoebSi iyo da TrakiaSi salaSqrod emzadeboda. igi SeaS foTa grZeli kedlebis aRebis ambavma. eSinoda, rom aTenele bi niseas a da TviT megarasac aiRebdnen. amitom beotielebs maSvelis gamogzavna ubrZana da TviTonac megarisken daiZ ra. brasidass Tan axlda ori aTas Svidasi korinTeli, oTx asi fleiasiel i, eqvsasi sikioneli hopliti da moqiravneTa garkveul i raodenoba. brasidass imedi hqonda, rom niseas aRebamde Cavidoda adgilze. niseas dacemis ambavi man gzaSi Seityo. maSinve samasi rCeuli mebrZoliT brasidasi megarel Ta qalaqTan mivida. aTenelebi sanapiroze imyofebodnen da is ver SeamCnies. brasidasma ganacxada, rom niseas ganTavi sufleba undoda, magram misTvis ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, SeeRwia megaraSi da mosaxleob a miemxro. man moiTxov a qalaqSi SeSveba da megarelebs niseas dabruneba aRuTqva. megarelTa orive partias erTnairad saxifaTod miaCnda brasidasi. erTs eSinoda, rom brasidasi daabrunebs devnilebs, maT ki gandev nis; meor es ki eSinoda, rom xalxi maT Tavs daesxmis da maSin Sinaom iT moculi qalaqi aTenelTa lukma gaxdeba. amitom aTenelebma ar miiRes brasidasi. orive partiam gadawyvita, SeewyvitaT SuRli da movlenaTa ganviTarebas dalodebod nen. maT imedi hqondaT, rom moxdeboda brZola aTenelTa da saSvelad mosulTa Soris, bolos ki gamarjvebulis mxares daiWerdnen. brasidasi, romelmac megarelebi ver daarwmuna, Tavis laSqars daubrunda. diliT masTan beotielebi mividnen. viTareba maTTvisac saxifaTo iyo da amitom jer kidev brasidasis mowodebamde maT gadawyvites megaras miSvelebodnen. brasidasis Sikrikis mosvlis mere isini kidev ufro ganewyvnen sabrZolvelad da brasidass oriaTas orasi hopliti da eqvsasi mxedari gaug zavnes. axla brasidass, sul cota, eqvsi aTasi hopliti hyavda. aTeneli hoplitebi sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi idgnen niseasTan 178 Tukidide.indd 178 01.04.2013 14:47:17 da sanapiroze, xolo msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiTebi dab lobSi iyvnen gabneulebi. beotiel i mxedrebi Tavs daesxnen maT da zRvisken garekes. es ieriSi sruliad moulodneli iyo, radgan megarelebs aqamde aravin exmareboda. aTeneli mxedre bic Caebnen saqmeSi. gaimarTa xangrZlivi brZola, romelSic orive mxare Tavs gamarjvebulad miiCnevda. aTenelebma mowi naaRmdegeTa sardali da ramdenime mxedari niseis kedleb Tan daxoces, maTi cxedrebi xelT igdes da mowinaaRmdeges mxolod dazavebisas daubrunes. maTve aRmarTes gamarjvebis niSani. magram am brZolaSi mainc arc erT mxares ar miuRwevia gadamwyveti upiratesobisTvis. b B eotielebi Tavis hoplitebs daubrundnen, aTenelebi ki – niseas. brasidasi Tavisi laSqriT qalaqs miuaxlovda. iq mosaxer xebeli pozicia SearCia da dabanakda aTenelTa Tavdasxmis molodinSi. misTvis cxadi iyo, rom megarelebi erT-erTi mxaris gamarjvebas elodnen. sparteli sardali Tavis mdgo mareobas xelsayrelad miiCnevda. is ar iyo Tavdamsxmeli, mas ar uwevda Tavis nebiT laSqris xifaTSi Cagdeba, magram aSkarad aCvenebda metoqes, rom mzad iyo sabrZolvelad. amgvarad, mas imedi hqonda, rom gamarjvebas brZolis gareSe moipovebda. garda amisa, imedovnebda megarelebTan keTili urTierTobebis damyarebas, radgan peloponeselebi pirve lebi ar esxmodnen Tavs. brasidasi aq rom ar mosuliyo, qalaqi misTvis dakarguli iqneboda, axla ki, Tu aTenelebi brZolas Tavs aarideben, is ubrZolvelad miaRwevs mizans. asec moxda. bolos da bolos, megarelebma mas WiSkari gauRes. marTalia, aTenelebi jer gamovidnen simagridan da sabrZolvelad moewyvnen grZel kedelTan, magram radgan lakedemonelebi Setevaze ar gadavidnen, arc isini daZrulan adgilidan. aTe neli sardlebis azriT, isini metoqeze met xifaTSi igdebdnen Tavs: aTenelebma xom Tavis mizans ZiriTadad miaRwies. Tu axla brZolas daiwyebdnen, mravalricxovan mterTan gamarjvebis 179 Tukidide.indd 179 01.04.2013 14:47:17 SemTxvevaSi, SeZlebdnen megaras xelSi Cagdebas, samagierod, Tu damarcxdebodnen, Tavis rCeul hoplitebs dakargavdnen. garkveul i drois Semdeg, radgan arc erTi mxare ar gadasula ieriSze, aTenelebi niseaSi dabrundnen, peloponeselebi ki Tavis poziciebze. amis Semdeg megaraSi devnilTa momxreeb ma gaimarjves da WiSkari gauRes brasidass, rogorc gamar jvebuls. megarelebma daiwyes masTan molaparakeba, radgan aTenelTa momxreebi daTrgunulebi iyvnen. amis mere mokavSireebi Sin dabrundnen, brasidasi ki – korinTosSi dabrunda, raTa TrakiaSi laSqrobis samzadisi gaegrZelebina. aTenelTa ukan daxevis Semdeg maTi momxreeb i gaiqcnen qalaqidan, sxva moqalaqeebma ki devnilebi daabrunes. amasTan, maT fici daadebines, rom Zvel wyenas daiviwyebdnen. magram, rogorc ki dabrunebulma oligarqebma Zalaufleba moipoves, maT laSqris daTvaliereba moawyes. SearCies asi kaci, visac Tavis mtrebad da aTenelTa momxreebad miiCnev dnen da xalxi aiZules, maTTvis sikvdili miesajaT. qveyanaSi ukiduresi oligarqia damyarda. am gadatrialebis Sedegad Seqmnili wyoba sakmaod didxans SenarCunda. imave zafxuls mitilenelma ltolvilebma antandrosis gamagreba gadawyvites. aTeneli sardlebi demodokosi da aristidesi, romelTa eskadrac mokavSireTagan xarks kref da, am dros helespontSi imyofebodnen, xolo lamaqosi aTi xomaldiT pontoSi miemarTeboda. sardlebma mokavSireTa laSqari Sekribes da antandrosisken gaswies. daamarcxes Sesax vedrad gamosuli mitilenelebi da kvlav daik aves antandro si. Semdeg lamaqosi pontoSi wavida. iq man avdarSi xomaldebi dakarga da Tavis razmiT xmeleTiT dabrunda kalqedonSi. imave zafxuls, megaridan aTenelTa ukan daxevis Semdeg, demosTenesi ormoci xomaldiT navpaqtosSi Cavida. masTan da hipokratesTan molaparakebebi daiwyes beotielebma, romel Tac TavianT qveynebSi oligarqiis demokratiiT Secvla sur 180 Tukidide.indd 180 01.04.2013 14:47:17 daT. Tebedan devnili pteodorosis rCeviT, amgvari gegma Sedga: aTenelTaTvis unda gadaecaT sifa, navsadguri Tesa liaSi, orqomenoselebs ki – qeronea, beotiisa da fokisis sasazRvro qalaqi. am gegmiT gansakuTrebiT dainteresebuli orqomenosidan devnilebi iyvnen, isini moqiravneebs agroveb dnen peloponesSi. SeTqmulebaSi fokeelebic monawileobdnen. am dros aTenelebs unda daekavebinaT deliosi, apolonis samlocvelo tanagris olqSi, evbeis pirdapir. am punqtebs rom gaam agrebdnen, beotiis qalaqebSi ajanyeba kidevac rom ar dawyebuliyo, SeTqmulebs eqnebodaT sayrdeni qveyanaze gamudmebuli TavdasxmisTvis, maTi momxreebi ki TavSesafars ipovidnen. amis Semdeg Zveli wyoba didxans veRar gaZlebda da aTenelTa laSqars beotielebi erTiani ZalebiT veRar aRudgebodnen win. hipokratesi mzad iyo, xelsayrel dros gaelaSqra beoti aSi. man demosTenesi ormoci xomaldiT navpaqtosSi gagzavna. iq mas mokavSireebi unda Seekriba da Tavs dasxmoda sifas, romlis xelSi Cagdebasac moRalateTa daxmarebiT imedovneb dnen. daniSnes dRe, rodesac erTdroulad unda momxdariyo dagegmili Tavdasxmebi. adgilze rom Cavida, demosTenesma Seityo, rom akarnanielebma oiniadac Seiyvanes aTenelTa kavSirSi. demosTenesma mokavSireebTan erTad agraiebic dai morCila da beotiaSi laSqrobisTvis mzadeba daiwyo. imave zafxuls, daaxloebiT imave dros, brasidasma aTas Svidasi hoplitiT Trakiul sanapiroze gailaSqra. herakle adan man Tesalielebs maT miwaze gavlis neba sTxova. masTan movidnen Tesalieli mokavSireebi, raTa brasidasi gaecile binaT – maT gareSe Tesaliis miwaze gavla ar iqneboda ioli. saerTodac, mezobeli qveynis miwaze laSqris gadaadgileba adgilobriv xelisufalTa Tanxmobis gareSe elinTaTvis saeWvo iqneboda. garda amisa, Tesalielebi aTenelebs Tanaug rZnobdnen da, Cveuli isonomia maTTan ukiduresi oligarqiiT 181 Tukidide.indd 181 01.04.2013 14:47:17 rom ar Secvliliyo, isini brasidass ar gaatarebdnen. axlac misi megobari oligarqebis mowinaaRmdegeebma scades misTvis gzis gadaRobva, magram molaparakebebis Semdeg brasidasma laSqroba ganagrZo da makedoniis sazRvars miadga. amgvarad, brasidasma moaxerxa Tesaliis swrafad gavla, sanam Tesalielebi misTvis xelis SeSlas moaswrebdnen, da perdikasTan da qalkidelebTan Cavida. swored aTenelTa warmatebebiT SeSinebulma perdikam da ajanyebulma Traki ulma qalaqebma gamoiZaxes is peloponesidan. qalkidelebi aTenelTa Tavdasxmas elodnen. mezobeli qveynebi jer ar amboxebuliyvnen, magram brasidasis mowvevas TanaugrZnob dnen. perdika ar iyo aTenelTa aSkara mteri, magram Zveli codvebis gamo mainc eSinoda maTi. garda amisa, mas surda daemorCilebina linkestebis mefe arabaiosi. lakedemonel Ta ukanasknelma warumateblobam gauadvila qalkidelebs peloponesidan maSveli laSqris gamoTxova. marTlac, lakedemonelebs imedi hqondaT, rom Seaferxeb dnen aTenelTa TareSs peloponesSi da gansakuTrebiT lako niaSi, Tu jars gaugzavnidnen aTenelTa mokavSireebs. Tanac spartelebs gauCndaT sasurveli sababi helotebis nawilis qveynidan gasayvanad, raTa isini ar ajanyebuliyvnen, sanam mteri pilosSi iyo. lakedemonelTa ZiriTadi RonisZiebebi swored helotebis morCilebis SenarCunebas isaxavda miznad. axalgazrda helotebis TavxedobiT SeSfoTebulebma aseT zomasac ki mimarTes erTxel. maT SearCies helotebi, visac Tavi samxedro saqmis mcodned miaCnda (swored eseni iqne bodnen yvelaze saxifaTo) da Tavisuflebas dahpirdnen maT. gvirgvinebiT Semkuli ori aTasi ymawvili taZrebSi miiyvanes, TiTqos maT Tavisuflebas aZlevdnen, Semdeg ki waiyvanes da farulad daxoces. aravin icoda, sad da rodis daiRupnen isini. axlac lakedemonelebma SemTxveviT isargebles da brasidass hoplitebad Svidasi heloti gaatanes. 182 Tukidide.indd 182 01.04.2013 14:47:17 lakedemonelebma brasidasi, pirvel rigSi, misive survi liT gagzavnes, Tumca qalkidelebic swored amas iTxovdnen, radgan mas saqmiani da gonieri kacis saxeli hqonda. am laS qrobaSic brasidasma lakedemonelebs didi samsaxuri gauwia. misi damokidebuleba aTenis mokavSireebTan samarTliani da zomieri iyo. qveynebis umravlesoba man gadaibira, zogi ki moRalateTa daxmarebiT daimorCila. lakedemonelebi xelsayrel mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. maT SeeZloT SeeTa vazebinaT zavi, rac mogvian ebiT gaakeTes kidec. maT es qvey nebi aTenelTa mier dakavebul punqtebze gacvales da amiT, peloponess omis saSinelebebi aaciles. siciliis movlenebis Semdegac, brasidasis kacTmoyvareob a da goniereba izidav da aTenelTa mokavSireebs. brasidasi pirveli lakedemone li iyo, vinc Soreul laSqrobaSi sruliad patiosani kacis saxeli moipova da aTenelTa mokavSireebs Caagona, rom sxva lakedemonelebic aseTebi arian. aTenelebma perdika mtrad gamoacxades, rogorc ki bra sidasis TrakiaSi Casvlis ambavi gaiges. makedoniis mefes am laSqrobis sulisCamdgmelad miiCnevdnen da am regionSi mokavSireebze meTvalyureoba gaamkacres. rogorc ki brasidasisa da perdikas razmebi SeerTdnen, maT maSinve gailaSqres arabaio sis winaaRmdeg. rodesac maTi laSqari uReltexils miadga linkosTan, brasidasma ganacxada, rom brZolis dawyebamde surda arabaioss dalaparakeboda da ecada mefis lakedemonelTaTvis mimxroba. marTlac, ara baioss ukve gamogzavnili hyavda macne brasidasTan winada debiT, rom misi perdikasTan dava momrigebel mosamarTles gadaewyvita. qalkidelTa elCebmac urCies brasidass, perdika mudmivad SiSSi hyoloda, raTa igi ufro yuradRebiT mohki deboda qalkidelTa saqmes. perdikas elCebi ambobdnen, rom perdikas lakedemonelTaTvis bevri mezoblis mimxroba SeeZ lo. amitom brasidasma Tavi valdebulad CaTvala, perdikasa 183 Tukidide.indd 183 01.04.2013 14:47:17 da arabaiosis saqme gadaewyvita. magram perdikam ganacxad a, rom man brasidasi mosamarTled ki ara, mokavSired moiwvia da brasidasmac imasTan unda iomos, viszedac miuTiTeben. per dikas winaaRmdegobis miux edavad, brasidasma molaparakeba daiwyo arabaiosTan, darwmunda mis simarTleSi da mis miwaze aRar SeiWra. nawyenma perdikam laSqris xarjebis naxevris magivrad mesamedi gadaixada. imave zafxuls, rTvelis win brasidasma qalkidelebTan erTad akanTosze gailaSqra. mosaxleoba kamaTobda, SeeSvaT Tu ara brasidasi qalaqSi. radgan mosavali jer aRebuli ar hqondaT, mainc SeSindnen da gadawyvites, mieRoT mxolod brasidasi da moesminaT misTvis. maSin brasidasi saxalxo kre baze sityviT gamovida (lakedemonelis kvalobaze is kargi oratori iyo): `lakedemonelebma gamomgzavnes me laSqriT, raTa davadas turoT omis dasawyisSi gakeTebuli gancxadeba, rom Cven veb rZviT aTenelebs eladis TavisuflebisTvis. nu dagvZraxavT, rom ase gvian CamovediT. Cven SevcdiT, rodesac vifiqreT, rom erTi erTze iolad davamarcxebdiT aTenelebs atikaSi Tqveni xifaTSi Cagdebis gareSe. mxolod axla mogveca saSualeba aq CamovsuliyaviT, raTa Tqveni daxmarebiT davamarcxoT isini. me makvirvebs, rom Tqven WiSkari dagviketeT imis magivrad, rom Cveni danaxva gagxarebodaT. Cven aq mokavSireebis nax vas velodiT da imedi gvqonda, Cveni mosvliT gagaxarebdiT. amisaTvis gadaviareT ucxo qveyana da moTminebiT vitandiT gasaWirs. Tu amis Semdeg Tqven sxvanair ad xarT ganwyobilni da arc sakuTar Tavisuflebaze fiqrobT da arc danarCeni eladisaze, es namdvili ubedurebaa. ara mxolod imitom, rom Tqven mewinaaRmdegebiT, aramed imitomac, rom sxvebi, vis Tanac Tqvens mere mival, naklebi xalisiT SemomierTdebian. isini amas saxifaTod CaTvlian mas Semdeg, rac Tqvenma didma da gonierebiT ganTqmulma qveyanam me ar mimiRo. me ar meqne 184 Tukidide.indd 184 01.04.2013 14:47:17 ba amis axsna da isini ifiqreben, rom Cem mier SeTavazebuli Tavisufleba saeWvoa, me ki ar maqvs sakmarisi Zala, rom isi ni aTenelTagan davicva. magram rodesac am laSqriT niseaSi mivedi, aTenelebma, miuxedavad ricxobrivi upiratesobisa, ver gabedes CemTan SebrZoleba. axlac ar aris mosalodneli, rom isini xomaldebiT gadmoagzavnian iseT laSqars, rogo ric niseaSi hyavdaT. me aq boroti ganzraxviT ar Camovsulvar. lakedemonelTa xelisuflebam sazeim od daif ica, rom pativs scems TiToeu li qveynis damoukideblobas, Cveni mokavSire gaxdeba. me ar vapireb ZaliT an eSmakobiT CagabaT Cvens kavSirSi. me mxolod imisTvis var mosuli, rom aTenelTagan damonebulebs dagex maroT. me mgonia, Tqven ar SegiZliaT arc borot ganzraxvaSi damadanaSauloT, arc sust damxmared CamTvaloT. amitom Tavisuflad SegiZliaT SemomierTdeT. Tu vinme SiSobs, rom me xelisuflebas qveyanaSi romelime jgufs gadavcem, SeuZ lia savsebiT mendos. me ar movsulvar Tqvens Sinaur saqmeebSi monawileobisTvis da vfiqrob, cud Tavisuflebas mogitan diT, Tu Tqveni wesebis sawinaaRmdegod xalxis umravleso bas patara jgufs davumorCilebdi. marTlac, erTi jgufis batonobaze damyarebuli Tavisufleba ucxoelTa batonobaze uaresia da Cven, lakedemonelebi, madlobis magivrad Tqven gan sayvedurs davimsaxurebdiT. is braldebebi, romlebsac Cven aTenelebs vuyenebT da ris gamoc maT veomebiT, kidev ufro mZime iqneboda, Tu Cven Semogvibrundeboda. pativce muli adamianisTvis sxvisi qonebis motyuebiT da farulad daufleba ufro samarcxvinoa, vidre ZaladobiT da aSkarad. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi is bedis wyalobas – Zlieris ufle bas emyareba, pirvelSi ki – sulmdablobas. amitom Cven Zalze frTxilad vmoqmedebT, rodesac saqme Cvens interesebs exeba; Tqvenc veravisgan miiRebT iseT mtkice garantias, rogorc im xalxisgan, vinc saqmiT amtkicebs, rom sityvis erTguleba 185 Tukidide.indd 185 01.04.2013 14:47:17 mis interesebSia. magram Tu Tqven ityviT, rom ver miiRebT Cems winadadebas, Tumca uars ar ambobT CemTan megobroba ze; rom Tavisufleba Tqven saxifaTo saqmed migaCniaT, igi mxolod mas ekuTvnis, visac SeuZlia misi miReba, magram igi Tavs aravis unda moaxvio, maSin me mowmed movixmob Tqvens RmerTebsa da gmirebs, rom keTili surviliT movedi, magram ver dagarwmuneT. maSin me momiwevs, avaoxro Tqveni miwa da gaiZ uloT, rom SemomierTdeT. me Tavs damnaSaved ar vigrZnob. piriqiT, me maqvs safuZveli ase moviqce. pirvel rigSi, ar SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom lakedemonelebi, miuxedavad Tqveni keTilganwyobisa, itanjebodnen imis gamo, rom Tqven fuls aZlevT aTenelebs. meore mxriv, Tqveni saqcieli xels ar unda uSlides elinebs, moiSoron aTenelTa batonoba. sayo velTao sikeTis gamo, Cven, lakedemonelebi, iZulebulebi varT, ZaliT gagaTavisufloT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Cven ar gveqneba elinTa ganTavisuflebis ufleba. Cven ar ves wrafviT maTze batonobas, vcdilobT sxvis batonobas movu RoT bolo. amitom Cven usamarTlod moveqceodiT danarCen elinebs, Tu, aq ganmaTavisufleblad mosulebi, mogcemdiT winaaRmdegobis nebas. gamoitaneT swori gadawyvetileba da ecadeT elinTa Soris pirvelebi ganTavisufldeT, riTac did saxels moixveWT. amiT Tavsac gadairCenT, qonebasac da didebasac moipovebT.~ akanToselebi nawilobriv daarwmuna, nawilobriv SeaSina brasidasis sityvam da maT didi umravlesobiT gadawyvites aTenelTagan gandgoma. miiRes brasidasis laSqari da fici daadebines, rom misi yvela axali mokavSire damouk idebeli darCeboda. beotiasTan dakavSirebuli gegmebis mixedviT, momdevno zamTris dasawyisSi demosTenesi siTaSi unda gamgzavrebu liyo, hipokratesi ki – deliosSi. maT gaTvlebi SeeSalaT da demosTenesi akarnanelebTan da sxva mokavSireebTan erTad 186 Tukidide.indd 186 01.04.2013 14:47:17 siTaSi naadrevad mivida. amasobaSi SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb gaig es lakedemonelebma, maTgan ki – beot ielebma. beotielTa laS qarma daikava siTa da qeronea. SeTqmulebma warumateblobis Sesaxeb rom gaiges, uari Tqves ajanyebaze.E amasobaSi hipokratesma aTeneli moqalaqeebis, metekebisa da qalaqSi myofi ucxoelebisgan saxalxo laSqari Sekriba da deliosSi Cavida, magram Zalian gvian, radgan beotieleb ma ukve datoves siTa. igi dabanakda da deliosis gamagreba brZana. meomrebma samlocvelos Txrili da miwayrili Semo avles. miwayrilze gaavles xis meseri da qvebiT, agurebiTa da miwayriliT aamaRles. alag-alag xis koSkebic Cadges. isini ramdenime dRis manZilze muSaobdnen da, rodesac simagre TiTqmis mzad iyo, laSqarma delios idan aTi stadion iT ukan daixia. msubuqad Seia raRebuli mebrZolebi gzas agrZeleb dnen, hoplitebma ki saWurveli moixsnes da dasasveneblad dasxdnen. hipokratesi jer kidev deliosSi iyo da samuSaoeb is dasrulebas xelmZRvanelobda. beot ielebma tanagraSi TavSeyra daiwyes. razmebi ukve yve la qalaqidan iyo mosuli, rodesac aTenelebis ukan gabruneba Seityves. beotarqTa umravlesoba brZolis winaaRmdegi iyo, radgan mteri maT miwas ukve tovebda. magram Tebeli beotarqi da mTavarsardali pagonidasi sxva azrisa iyo. is arwmunebda beotielebs, aTenelebs SebrZolebodnen: `beotielebo, arc erTma Cvenganma ar unda Tqvas uari aTe nelebTan brZolaze, Tundac Cvens miwaze maT ver mivuswroT. maT daarRvies sazRvari da CvenTan simagre aaSenes, raTa beotia daerbiaT. amdenad, isini Cveni mtrebiE arian. Tu vinme fiqrobda, rom CvenTvis ufro usafrTxoa, ar SevebrZoloT mters, axla azri unda SevicvaloT. windaxeduleba da sif rTxile TavisTavad kargi Tvisebebia, magram rodesac mteri kars mogvadga da samSoblo safrTxeSia, fiqris dro ar aris. Cven odiTganve vigeriebdiT ucxoelebs, Cvens miwazec da 187 Tukidide.indd 187 01.04.2013 14:47:17 mezoblisazec. aTenelebTan sabrZolvelad kidev ufro meti safuZveli gvaqvs. isini xom Cveni mezoblebi arian, xolo una ri, win aRudge mezobels, Tavisuflebis sawindaria. rogor ar SevebrZoloT xalxs, visac ara marto mezoblebis, aramed Soreuli qveynebis damorCilebac undaT? gasafrTxileblad ager, gadaRma mdebare evbeasa da TiTqmis mTeli eladis mosax leobis bedi gamogvadgeba. Tu sxvebi omiT wyveten mezobleb Tan sazRvris sakiTxs, Cven unda gvesmodes, rom damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi Cvens qveyanas erTaderTi sazRvari eqneba. Tu mezoblebi sasazRvro davebs omiT wyveten, Cven damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi erTaderTi sazRvari gveqneba. isini SemoiWrebian Cvens miwaze da mTel Cvens qonebas daepatronebian. ai, rogo ri mezoblebi arian aTenelebi. Cveulebriv, sakuTar ZalebSi darwmunebuli mteri dauyovnebliv esxmis Tavs mezobels, Tu is umoqmedodaa an mxolod Tavs icavs. magram Tu mters mzad daxvdebi, mas Sens sazRvrebs miRma SeebrZolebi da Seu tev, SeiZleba dagiTmos kidec. amaSi sakuTari gamocdilebac dagarwmunebdaT. erTxel aTenelebma ukve isargebles Cven Soris ganxeTqilebiT da daimorCiles beotia, magram Cven davamarcxeT isini koroneasTan da mas Semdeg damoukideb lebi varT. nu daviviwyebT amas. ufrosebma mivbaZoT Cvens Zvel gmirobas, xolo axalgazrdebi iyaviT Tqveni mamebis Rirseul i Svilebi. RmerTis daxmarebiT, romlis salocavic aTenelebma wabilwes da cixed aqcies, SevutioT mters. vaC venoT aTenelebs, rom, marTalia, sxvebs ar vipyrobT, magram Cveni samSoblos dacvas SevZlebT.~ am sityvebiT pagonidasma daarwmuna beotielebi, Tavs das xmodnen aTenelebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve gvian i iyo, is saswrafod gauZRva laSqars mtris winaaRmdeg. metoqes rom miuaxlovdnen, pagonidasma daikava pozicia, saidanac mowi naaRmdegeebi erTmaneTs ver xedavdnen, radganac maT bor cvi hyofdaT. man laSqari sabrZolod daawyo da samzadiss 188 Tukidide.indd 188 01.04.2013 14:47:18 Seudga. amasobaSi hipokratesma jer kidev deliosSi Seityo beotiel ebis gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb da laSqars ubrZana, sab rZolod mowyobiliyvnen. mogvianebiT ki TviTonac iq mivida. deliosTan man daaxloeb iT samasi mxedari datova, raTa isini xelsayrel momentSi zurgidan dasxmodnen beotielebs. beo tiel ebma ki maT winaaRmdeg calke razmi daayenes, romelsac metoqe unda Seekavebina. Semdeg beotiel ebi borcvis wverze avidnen da iq gaCerdnen. maT hyavdaT Svidasi hopliti, aTi aTasze meti msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiTi, asi mxedari da xuTasi peltasti. aTenelebsac imdenive hopliti hyavdaT, ramdenic mowinaaR mdeges. isini rva rigad daewyvnen, mxedrebi ki flangebze gana lages. aTenelebs arasodes hyoliaT msubuqad SeiaraRebulTa regularuli razmebi. ricxobrivad msubuqad Seia raRebuli aTenelebi aRematebodnen mowinaaRmdeges, magram maTi umrav lesoba TiTqmis sruliad Seui araRebeli iyo. didi nawili adre dabrunda saxlSi da brZolaSi ar monawileobda. sabrZolod mowyob il jars hipokratesma am sityvebiT mimarTa: `aTenelebo, Cemi sityva mokle iqneba, magram sakmarisi mama ci xalxisTvis. es ufro Sexsenebaa, vidre moTxovna. nuravin ifiqrebs, rom ar gvaqvs mizezi, Tavi aseT xifaTSi CavigdoT. aqac xom Cveni miwisTvis vibrZviT. Tu gavimarjvebT, pelopo neselebs aRar eyolebaT beot ieli mxedrebi da aRarasodes dagvesxmian Tavs. erTi brZoliT Tqven ara marto daipyrobT am qveyanas, aramed gaaTavisuflebT Cvens miwas omis ubedure baTagan. maS, win gaswiT! aCveneT, rom Rirsni xarT mSobliuri qveynisa, romelic saukeTesod migaCniaT eladaSi, da Tqveni mamebisa, romlebmac mironidasis sardlobiT odesaRac daa marcxes beotielebi da maTi qveyana daipyres~. sanam hipokratesi ase amxnevebda Tavis meomrebs, beotie lebi peanis simReriT daeSvnen borcvidan. aTenelebic swrafi nabijiT gaemarTnen maT Sesaxvedrad. 189 Tukidide.indd 189 01.04.2013 14:47:18 flangebze mowinaaRmdegeTa razmebi ver miuaxlovdnen erTmaneTs adidebuli mdinareebis gamo. frontis danarCen xazze ki sastiki xelCarTuli brZola gaimarTa. mebrZolTa farebi erTmaneTs ejaxeboda. marcxena frTidan centramde jer aTenelebi imarjvebdnen. maT Seaviwroves Tespielebi, alyaSi moiqcies da daxoces isini. Tumca iseTi areul oba iyo, rom aTenelebi zogjer erTmaneTs ver cnobdnen da klavdnen. aq beotielebi damarcxdnen da ukuiqcnen marjvena flangisken, romelic jer kidev ibrZoda. am frTaze Tebelebi idgnen. maT nel-nela Seaviwroves aTenelebi. am dros pagonidasma SeamCnia marcxena frTis gansacdeli da borcvis SemovliT mxedrebis ori razmi gagzavna. mxedrebi uecrad gamoCndnen borcvze. aTenelebma warmoidgines, rom maT mowinaaRmdegis axali jari esxmis Tavs, da Sedrknen. amgvarad, orive frTaze nawilob riv cxenosnebis SemovliTi manevris xarjze, nawilobriv ki TebelTa dawoliT, romlebmac aTenelTa sabrZolo mwyobri gaarRvies, mteri ukuiqca da gaifanta. beotieli da maT dasax mareblad mosuli lokrebis mxedrebi misdevdnen da xocavdnen maT. daRamda da Sewyvites devna. RamiT bevri gadarCa. Semdeg dRes ki aTeneli meomrebi oroposidan da delios idan Sin gaem gzavrnen. beotielebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes, Seagroves cxedrebi da mokluli mtrebis saWurveli. adgilze dacva datoves da tanagraSi dabrundnen deliosze Tavdasasxmelad. amasobaSi aTenidan daRupulTa cxedrebis wamosayvanad gagzavnili macne Sexvda beotielTa macnes, romelmac uTxra, rom is verafers miaRwevda, sanam TviTon beotielebs pasuxs ar Camoutanda. saxalxo krebaze gamosvlisas beotielTa mac nem ganacxad a, rom aTenelebi usamarTlod moiqcnen, rodesac elinTa Cveuleba daarRvies da mtris miwaze adgilobrivi salocavi daikaves. aTenelebma gaamagres deliosi da axlac cxovroben iq, TiTqos is ar iyos wminda adgili. wminda wyalsac ki, romelTan mikareba akrZalulia, Tu ara msxverplSewirvi 190 Tukidide.indd 190 01.04.2013 14:47:18 sas, ise iyeneben, rogorc Cveulebriv wyals. amitom beoti elebi RmerTis saxeliT iTxoven, rom aTenelebma datovon samlocvelo da waiRon iqidan Tavisi qoneba. amis Semdgeg aTenelebma beot ielebs Tavisi macne gaugzav nes, romelmac ganacxada: aTenelebs ar CaudeniaT danaSauli samlocvelos winaSe da arc amieridan miayeneben mas raime vnebas. isini iq Sevidnen ara misi wabilwvis mizniT, aramed raTa elinuri wesiT Tavi daecvaT beotielTa ukanono Tavdas xmebisgan. am wesis mixedviT, vinc romelime miwas daipyrobs, xdeba misi samlocvelos patronic da valdebulia mas mou aros. adre TviTon beot iel ebmac da sxva tomebmac iaraRis ZaliT gandevnes am miwebis Zveli patronebi, Tavs esxmodnen maSin maTTvis ucxo samlocveloebs. axla ki maT floben, rogorc sakuTars. amitom aTenelebs meti miwa rom daepyroT, imasac SeinarCunebdnen. axla ki nebayoflobiT ar wavlen iqidan, rac maT xelTaa, radgan Tavis sakuTrebad Tvlian. da bolos, wyals wminda wyarodan isini iReben aucileblobis gamo, radgan ebrZvian beotiel ebs, romlebic pirvelebi SeiW rnen maT miwaze. adamian ebs, vinc omis an raime sxva ukiduresi saWiroebis gamo wess arRvevs, SeuZlia hqondes RmerTisgan Sewynarebis imedi iseve, rogorc damnaSave poulobs TavSesa fars sakurTxevelTan. namdvili danaSaul i SeiZleba ewodos mxolod iseT darRvevas, romelic yovelgvari aucileblobis gareSea Cadenili. beotielebi, romlebic daRupul aTenelTa sanacvlod samlocvelos iTxoven, bevrad uaresad iqcevian, vidre aTenelebi, romlebsac ar undaT siwmindiT gamoisyidon is, rac ufasod ekuTvniT. aTenelebi iTxoven beotielTagan cxedrebs ara qveynidan wasvlis gamo, aramed dazavebis Cve ulebis Sesabamisad. garda amisa, aTenelebi imyofebian ara beotiis miwaze, aramed miwaze, romelic maT omiT daipyres. beotiel ebma upasuxes: Tu aTenelebi beotiaSi arian, wavid nen iqidan da waiRon Tavisi qoneba. Tu es maTi miwaa, TviTon 191 Tukidide.indd 191 01.04.2013 14:47:18 ician, ra unda gaakeTon. marTalia, oropia, sadac cxedrebi iyo, aTenelebs ekuTvnis, beotielebi miiCneven, rom aTenelebi maTi nebis gareSe ver moax erxeben cxedrebis wayvanas. TviTon beotielebs ki araviTari xelSekrulebis dadeba ar SeuZliaT sxvis miwaze. amitom maTi pasuxi saukeTesoa. Tu aTenelebi wavlen maTi miwidan, SeuZliaT waiRon yvelaferi, rac undaT. aTeneli macne ise dabrunda Sin, rom verafers miaRwia. Semdeg beotiel ebma gamoiZaxes Subisa da Surdulis mtyor cnelebi. maT moeSvela ori aTasi korinTeli hopliti da peloponeselTa garnizoni, romelic niseadan megareleb Tan erTad movida. am ZalebiT maT deliosze gailaSqres da simagres Seuties. amasTan, sxva saalyo manqanebTan erTad, maT gamoiy enes axali gamogoneba. Suaze gaxerxes uzarmazari mori, gamoRrutnes da ise SeaerTes, rom mili gamovida. erT boloze jaWviT dakides qvabi, romelsac miliT SeuerTes sam Wedlo saberveli. es mowyobiloba mWidrod miayenes kedlis im nawils, romelic, ZiriTadad, xisgan iyo aSenebuli. Semdeg Caberes sabervels. haerma SeaRwia qvabSi, sadac nakverCxle bi, gogirdi da fisi iyo da milis gavliT cecxli waukides simagres. garnizoni gaiqca da simagre amgvarad aiRes. zogi mowinaaRmdege mokles, orasi kaci ki tyved Cavarda. umrav lesobam mainc moaxerxa Sin xomaldebiT dabruneba. deliosi aiRes brZolidan meCvidmete dRes. cota xanSi aTenidan kvlav movida macne da cxedrebi moiTxova. man jer kidev araferi icoda deliosis bedze. amjerad beotielebs uari aRar uTqvamT da cxedrebi gadasces. am brZolaSi beo tiel ebma xuTasamde kaci dakarges, aTeneli ki aTasi daiRupa, maT Soris sardali hipokratesic, agreTve mravali msubuqad Seiar aRebuli mebrZoli. am brZolidan raRac xnis Semdeg, demosTenesi, romelmac ver moaxerxa RalatiT siTas aReba, akarnanelebiT, agreel e biTa da oTxasi aTeneli hoplitiT sikionis olqSi gadmosxda. 192 Tukidide.indd 192 01.04.2013 14:47:18 magram jer kidev yvela xomaldis misvlamde sikionelebi gamoCndnen. maT ukuagdes aTenelTa desanti. zogi mokles, zogic tyved aiyvanes. Semdeg sikionelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da aTenelebs cxedrebi gadasces. deliosis movle nebis dros daiRupa sitalkesi. Trakiis mefe mis nacvlad misi Zmis Svili, sevTosi, gaxda. imave zamTars brasidasma Trakiel mokavSireebTan erTad gailaSqra aTenis kolonia amfipolisze. jer kidev dari osisgan devnil aristagora miletels surda aq koloniis daarseba. ocdaTormeti wlis Semdeg ki aTenelebma gagzavnes aTi aTasi moaxalSene, romlebic Trakiel ebma daxoces. kidev ocdacxra wlis Semdeg aTenelebma gagzavnes moaxalSeneebi hagnonis xelmZRvanelobiT, romlebmac es qalaqi daaarses. hagnonma qalaqs amfipolisi daarqva, radgan mas mdinare stri moni orive mxridan Caudis. qalaqs grZeli kedeli ertya gars mdinaris erTi ganStoebidan meoremde da igi kargad Canda zRvidanac da xmeleTidanac. swored am qalaqze gailaSqra brasidasma qalkidikidan. cudi amindi iyo, Tovda. brasidasi Cqarobda, radgan amfi polisSi aravis unda scodnoda misi misvlis Sesaxeb, garda im moRalateebisa, vinc mas elodeboda. moRalateebs gansa kuTrebiT argiliel ebi TanaugrZnobdnen. isini amfipolisis mezoblad cxovrobdnen da qalaqze Tvali didxans eWiraT. maT molaparakeba hqondaT amfipolisSi mcxovreb Tanamemamule ebTan, xolo axla aSkarad aujanydnen aTenelebs da brasidasi TavianT qalaqSi SeuSves. imave Rames maT laSqari mdinareze gadebul xidTan miiyvanes. amfipolisi xidisgan cota moSore biT mdebareobda. grZeli kedlebi maSin jer kidev ar mieyvanaT xidamde, xolo xidTan mxolod mcirericxovani saguSago iyo. brasidasma, romelsac moRalateebic exmarebodnen da avda ric, moul odneli TavdasxmiT iolad aiRo igi, Semdeg xidze gadavida da amfipolisis gareubani daikava. 193 Tukidide.indd 193 01.04.2013 14:47:18 brasidasma moulodnelad gadalaxa mdinare da bevri moqa laqe daatyveva, sxvebi ki qalaqs Seefarnen. qalaqi SiSma da erTmaneTisadmi undoblobam moicva. amboben, rom brasidasi SeZlebda uecari ieriSiT qalaqis aRebas, magram man dabana keba brZana da meomrebs gareubnebis darbevis ufleba misca. radgan misi momxreebi qalaqSi ar ajanydnen, manac umoqmedo ba amjobina. amasobaSi moqalaqeTa jgufma, romelic bevrad aRemateboda moRalateebs, maT WiSkris gaRebis ufleba ar misca. aTenidan qalaqis dasacavad gamogzavnilma sardalma Svela sTxova Tukidides, romelmac es ambavi aRwera. Tuki dide maSin TasosSi imyofeboda, amfipolisidan xomaldiT naxevari dRis savalSi. is swrafad daiZra mis xelT arsebuli Svidi xomaldiT, raTa amfipolisi daekavebina. Tasosidan damxmare Zalis mosvlis SiSiT brasidasma gadawyvita Tukidides gamoCenamde nebismieri xerxiT aeRo qalaqi. mas eSinoda, qalaqs uari ar eTqva danebebaze. Tuki dides mosvlis Semdeg moqalaqeebs imedi miecemodaT, rom igi Tavisi eskadriTa da TrakiaSi Segrovili jariT ixsnida maT. amitom brasidasma qalaqs danebebis zomieri pirobebi SesTavaza: yvela msurvels, aTenelebis CaTvliT, SeeZlo darCeniliyo qalaqSi da moqalaqeTa uflebebiT esargebla, xolo vinc wasvlas moindomebda, xuT dReSi unda wasuliyo da sakuTari qoneba waeRo. am pirobebis gamocxadebis Semdeg moqalaqeTa ganwyoba Seicvala. mosaxleoba xom mxolod nawilobriv Sedgeboda aTenelTagan. Tanac qalaqSi bevri iyo tyved CavardnilTa naTesavic. danebebis pirobebi maT samarTlianad moeCvenaT. aTenelebma wasvla gadawyvites qalaqidan, sadac maT safrTxe elodaT, daxmareba ki kidev didxans ver movidoda. sxvebic kmayofili iyvnen, radgan yovelgvari xifaTis gareSe inar Cunebdnen moqalaqis uflebebs. brasidasis momxreebma ukve sruliad aSkarad moiwones misi winadadeba. SeTanxmeba daido 194 Tukidide.indd 194 01.04.2013 14:47:18 da brasidasi qalaqSi SeuSves. Tukidide ki imave saRamos Cavi da eionSi. erTi dRec da brasidasi masac aiRebda. Tukididem yvelaferi gaak eTa brasidasis Tavdasxmis Sem TxvevaSi usafrTxoebisaTvis da miiR o yvela, vinc SeTanxmebis safuZvelze zemo qalaqi datova. brasidasi moulodnelad daeSva mdinareze mravali naviT, raTa xelT egdo navsadgurSi Sesasvleli da, imave dros, Seecada, qalaqze xmeleTidanac miet ana ieriSi, magram orive mcdeloba uSedegod dasrulda. maSin brasidasi amfipolisSi dabrunda da qalaqis gamagrebas Seudga. mis mxareze gadavida ramdenime qalaqi, perdikac mas daxmarebas uwevda. amfipolisis dacemam aTenelebi Zalze SeaSfoTa, radgan es qalaqi maT xis masaliT amaragebda xomaldebisaTvis da, saerTodac, did Semosavals aZlevda. marTalia, aTenelTa mokavSireebisaken gza mdinare strimonamde Tesalielebis Tanadgomis SemTxvevaSi lakedemonelTaTvis xsnili iyo, magram xidis xelSi Cagdebis gareSe isini win metad veRar waiw evdnen. brasidasis mier amfipolisisa da xidis dakavebis Semdeg ki yvela sirTule ukan rCeboda da aTenelebi SiSobdnen, rom mokavSireebs dakargavdnen. brasidasi zomier ad moqmedebda da acxadebda, rom mxolod eladis gadasarCenadaa gagzav nili. marTlac, aTenis mokavSireebi sul ufro ixrebodnen gandgomisken mas Semdeg, rac amfipolisis gadacemis pirobe bisa da brasidasis zomierebis Sesaxeb gaig es. isini farulad ugzavnidnen mas Sikrikebs da daxmarebas sTxovdnen. isini aRar miiCnevdnen saxifaTod aTenelTagan gandgomas. SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom isini cdebodnen, rodesac aTenelTa Zalas jerovnad ver afasebdnen. radgan aTenelebi damarcxdnen beot iaSi da brasiasic mokavSireebs zRaprebs uyveboda imis Taobaze, Tu rogor ver gabedes aTenelebma masTan brZola, isini Tavs mSvidad grZnobdnen da fiqrobdnen, rom veRa raferi daabrunebda aTenelTa batonobas. magram yvelaze 195 Tukidide.indd 195 01.04.2013 14:47:18 metad xifaTisaken maT cvlilebebiT gamowveuli sixaruli ubiZgebdaT. es ganwyobileba rom SeamCnies, aTenelebma SeZ lebisdagvarad qalaqebSi garnizonebis gagzavna daiwyes. brasidasi lakedemonelebs sTxovda maSvel Zalas, TviTon ki stromonze xomaldebis ageba daiwyo. lakedemonelebi mas daxmarebas ar ugzavnidnen nawilobriv imitom, rom bra sidasis warmatebebisa SurdaT, nawilobriv ki imitom, rom ZiriTad amocanad tyveebis dabrunebasa da omis saswrafod dasrulebas miiCnevdnen. imave zamTars megarelebma kvlav daikaves grZeli kede li da daangries igi. brasidasma ki amfipolisis aRebis Sem deg mokavSireebTan erTad gailaSqra aqtes naxevarkunZul ze, romelic samefo arxidan samxreTiT aris gadaWimuli da bolovdeba egeos is zRvaSi SeWrili aTonis mTiT. aq ramdenime qveyanaa Sereul i mosaxleobiT. maTi umravlesoba brasidass miemxro, magram sane da dioni mas winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen, ris gamoc is aq darCa da maTi sanaxebis gaCanageba daiwyo. brasidasma gailaSqra qalkidelTa torones winaaRmdeg, romelic aTenelebs hqondaT dakavebuli. aq igi moqalaqeTa jgufma miiwvia da qalaqis Cabareba aRuTqva. brasidasi qalaq Tan RamiT mivida da dioskurebis samlocvelosTan gaCerda toronelTa da aTenis garnizonis SeumCnevlad. moRalateeb ma qalaqSi Seiyvanes Svidi kaci lisistratosis meTaur obiT. maT daxoces yaraulebi, brasidass ki mcire WiSkari gauRes. amasobaSi brasidasma laSqari ufro axlos miiyvana. man gag zavna asi peltasti, vinc qalaqSi unda SeWriliyo, rogorc ki romelime WiSkari gaiR eboda. maT SemovliTi gzebiT daikaves poziciebi da niSani misces danarCenebs. daTqmuli niSani rom dainaxa, brasidasma mTeli laSqari daZra sabrZolo yiJiniT da moqalaqeebs Tavzari dasca. SeTqmulebi da maTi momxreebi maSinve SeuerTdnen lakede monelebs. moednis maxloblad ormocdaaT aTenel hoplits 196 Tukidide.indd 196 01.04.2013 14:47:18 eZina. maT gaiRviZes xmaurisgan. zogi brZolaSi CaerTo da daiRupa. danarCenebma ki lekiTosis cixes Seafares Tavi. es cixe zRvaSi SeWril koncxze dgas da qalaqs mxolod viwro yeliT ukavSirdeba. iq gaiqcnen aTenelTa momxreebic. gaTenebisas brasidasi ukve mTel qalaqs flobda. man macnes piriT SeuTvala aTenelebTan erTad gaqceul toronelebs, rom SeeZloT saxlebSi dabruneba. aTenelebs ki mosTxova, daetovebinaT lekiTosi. aTenelebma uari ganacxades, magram erTdRiani dazaveba iTxov es daRupulTa wasayvanad. brasi dasma maT ori dRe misca. am ori dRis manZilze is amagrebda saxlebs lekiTosis maxloblad, aTenelebi ki – TviT cixes. brasidasma moiwvia toronelTa saxalxo kreba da maT daaxlo ebiT igive uTxra, rac akanTosSi. is ambobda, rom moqalaqeebma ar unda CaTvalon moRalateebad isini, vinc mas daexmara. maT xom es ara mSobliuri qalaqis dasamoneblad an moqrTamviT, aramed maTi TavisuflebisTvis gaakeTes. vinc SeTqmulebaSi ar monawileobda, arc imaT wauvaT saqme cudad. brasidasi aq imisTvis ar mosula, rom vinmes avnos. amitom is aTenelTa momxreebs cud moqalaqeebad ar miiCnevs. amasTan, is darwmu nebulia, rom toronelebi lakedemonelTa ukeT gacnobis Semdeg maT mimarT keTilad ganewyobian. toronelebi keTi li mokavSireebi unda gaxdnen da momavalSi SecdomebisTvis daisjebian. rac Seex eba warsuls, aq dazaralebulebi lakede monelebi ki ara, aTenelTa mier damorCilebuli toronelebi iyvnen. amdenad, maTi winaaRmdegoba sapatioa. am sityvebiT brasidasma toronelebi daamSvida da daza vebis Semdeg lekiToss Seutia. aTenelebi mTeli dRis gan mavlobaSi igeriebdnen Setevas. meore dRes mowinaaRmdegem moiyvana saalyo manqana, romlidanac galavnis xis nawilis Tvis cecxlis wakideba SeiZleboda. rodesac lakedemonelebi cixes uaxlovdebodnen, aTenelebma im saxlis Tavze, sadac Setevas elodebodnen, xis koSki dadges da zed wylisa da 197 Tukidide.indd 197 01.04.2013 14:47:18 qvebis momarageba daiwyes. koSkma ver gauZlo da Camoiqca. maxloblad myofi aTenelebi amis gamo ar Semdrkalan, magram vinc Sors iyo, warmoidgina, rom cixis nawili mterma aiRo da isini xomaldebisken gaiqcnen. brasidasma dainaxa, rom aTenelebi toveben miwayrils da ieriSze gadavida. cixe aiRes, damcvelebi ki daxoces. cixidan gaqceuli aTenelebi xomaldebiT mSvidobianad gadavidnen palenaSi. ieriSis win brasidasi ocdaaT mina vercxls dahpirda mas, vinc kedelze pirveli avidoda. man gadawyvita, cixe zebuneb rivi Zalis daxmarebiT aeRo. amitom es ocdaaTi mina qalRmerT aTenas taZars Seswira lekiTosSi, cixe ki daangria da miwac taZars Seswira. zamTris danarCeni nawili brasidasi Trakiul qalaqebSi axali wyobilebis damyarebiTa da momdevno dapyro bebis gegmebiT iyo dakavebuli. ase dasrulda omis merve weli. gazafxulze lakedemonelebi aTenelebs erTi wliT dauzav dnen. aTenelebs imedi hqondaT, rom brasidasi veRar gadaibi rebda maT mokavSireebs, sanam TviTon ar daasrulebdnen sam xedro samzadiss dazavebis dros. amasTan, maT imedi hqondaT, rom ufro xelsayrel pirobebSi dadebdnen xangrZliv zavs. lakedemonelebi ki sworad xvdebodnen aTenelTa ganwyobas da fiqrobdnen, rom maT mSvidoba gautkbebodaT da ufro damyoli gaxdebodnen, tyveebsac daabrunebdnen da grZel vadian xelSekrulebasac dadebdnen. tyveebis dabruneba xom lakedemonelTa didi sazrunavi iyo maSin, rodesac brasidasi axal warmatebebs aRwevda. lakedemonelebi SiSobdnen, rom brasidasis warmatebebi aRadgenda ZalTa wonasworobas da omis gagrZeleba axal msxverpls moitanda. amas ki verc ZalTa wonasworoba, verc Tundac gamarjveba ver aanazRaurebda. amdenad, isini dazavdnen Semdeg pirobebze: `piTieli apolonis samlocvelosa da samisnos Sesaxeb vad genT, rom nebismier msurvels Tavisuflad SeuZlia iTxovos 198 Tukidide.indd 198 01.04.2013 14:47:18 misnoba. lakedemonelebi da mokavSireeb i pirobas deben, rom macne gaugzavnon beotielebsa da fokielebs, raTa isinic daarwmunon amaSi. RmerTis qonebaze erTad vizrunoT winapar Ta Cveulebis Sesabamisad, erTad miviRoT zomebi damnaSaveTa mosaZebnad da, amasTan, yovelTvis samarTlianad moviqceT~. ase daadgines lakedemonelebma da maTma mokavSireeb ma. xolo im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu aTenelebi xelSekrulebis dadebas moisurvebdnen, ase gadawyvites: TiToeuli mxare unda darCes Tavis miwaze da SeinarCunos Tavisi dRevandeli samflobeloebi. korifasiosSi myofni darCnen bufradis da tomevsis mTebis farglebSi. kiTeraze myofebma ar unda daam yaron urTierToba peloponesis kavSiris arc erT wevrTan. niseasa da minoaSi myofni ar unda gadavidnen gzaze nisas taZ ridan poseidonis taZramde da iqidan minoas xidisken. nurc megarelebi gadakveTen am gzas. aTenelebs hqondeT kunZuli, romelic daikaves. mxareebs ar unda hqondeT erTmaneTTan urTierToba. aTenelebma SeinarCunon maTi samflobelo troiZeneSi dadebuli xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad. lake demonelebs da mokavSireebs ufleba aqvT icuron sakuTar wylebSi, magram ara samxedro xomaldebiT, aramed niCbebiani satvirTo gemebiT, xolo tvirTi ar unda iyos xuTas talantze meti Rirebulebis. macneebsa da elCebs SeeZloT Tavisufali mimosvla rogorc zRvaze, ise xmeleTze. gaqceulebi – arc mona, arc Tavisufali – mxareebma ar unda miiRon. ganvsa joT erTmaneTi winaparTa wesebis mixedviT da gadavwyvitoT sadavo sakiTxebi ara iaraRis, aramed sasamarTlos meSveobiT. ase daadgines lakedemonelebma da maTma mokavSireebma. Tu Tqven rame ufro ukeTesad an ufro samarTlianad migaCniaT, mobrZandiT lakedemonSi da mogvaxseneT Tqveni azri. Cven ar uarvyofT arc erT samarTlian winadadebas. Tqveni elCebic uflebamosilni unda iyvnen iseve, rogorc Tqven amas Cvengan TxoulobT. dazaveba ideba erTi wliT. 199 Tukidide.indd 199 01.04.2013 14:47:18 aTenis xalxma ase daadgina. Tavmjdomareobda akamantisi. aTeneli xalxis sakeTildReod laqetesma Semoit ana winadade ba: daid os erTwliani zavi lakedemonelTa da maT mokavSireTa mier SemoTavazebuli da saxalxo krebis mier damtkicebuli pirobebis mixedviT. daviwyoT is dReidan, elafebolionis meToTxmete dRidan. dazavebis dros TiToeulma mxarem unda gagzavnos elCebi da macneebi samSvidobo winadadebiT. saxal xo kreba Seikribos lakedemonelTa samSvidobo winadadebebis gansaxilvelad. aq myofma elCebma ki sazeim od dadon piroba, rom z avis pirobebi erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar dairRveva~. es xelSekruleba dades lakedemonelebma da aTenelebma da ganamtkices ficiT lakedemonuri gerastiosisTvis meTor mete dRes. ase daido zavi, romlis drosac midioda molapa rakebebi ufro xangrZlivi mSvidobis Sesaxeb. daaxloebiT im dros, rodesac zavi ideboda, aTenelebs skione aujanyda da brasidasis mxareze gadavida. brasidasi RamiT gaemgzavra iq. win midioda mokavSireTa trieri, Tvi Ton ki naviT mihyveboda ukan. Tu mteri mas daesxmoda Tavs, trieri daexmareboda, xolo mowinaaRmdegeTa trieri, bra sidasis varaudiT, swored triers daesxmoda Tavs, TviTon ki gadarCenas moaswrebda. skioneSi brasidasi saxalxo krebaze daaxloebiT iseTive sityviT gamovida, rogoriTac akanTossa da toroneSi. man daumata, rom ajanyebulebi qebas imsaxureb dnen. marTlac, mas mere, rac aTenelebma poteidaia da palenes yeli daikaves, skion e praqtikulad kunZulad iqca. miuxedavad amisa, maT nebayoflobiT airCies Tavisufleba. aqedan Cans, rom isini nebismier pirobebSi moaxerxebdnen Tavis dacvas da lakedemonelebic maTi erTguli megobrebi iqnebodnen. skionelebi gaamxneva am sityvebma da maT gadawyvites mama curad gadaetanaT omis ubedureba. maT brasidass sazeimo miReba gaumarTes da rogorc eladis ganmaTavisuflebels, qalaqis saxeliT oqros gvirgvini miarTves. moqalaqeebi mas 200 Tukidide.indd 200 01.04.2013 14:47:18 yvavilebiT amkobdnen da ganadidebdnen rogorc TamaSebSi gamarjvebuls. brasidasma qalaqSi mcire garnizoni datova da didi laSqris Sesakrebad wavida, raTa skionelebTan erTad mendesa da poteidaias winaaRmdeg gaelaSqra. am samzadisis dros toroneSi masTan Camovidnen elCebi aTenidan da lakedemonidan, romlebsac dazavebis gamocxadeba hqondaT davalebuli. brasidasi toroneSi dabrunda. elCebma mas xelSekruleba gaacnes da lakedemonelTa yvela mokavSirem scno dazaveba. aTeneli aristonimosi daTanxmda dazavebaze yvela mokavSiresTan, skiones garda, radgan, misi angariSiT, es qalaqi dazavebis Semdeg ajanyda. brasidasi ar Tmobda qalaqs da irwmuneboda, rom ajanyeba dazavebamde moxda. aristonimosma amis Sesaxeb aTenelebs acnoba, maT ki skioneze laSqrobisTvis daiwyes samzadisi. lakedemonelebi endobodnen brasidass da miiCnevdnen, rom es SeTanxmebis darRveva iqneboda, Tumca Tanaxma iyvnen, saqme saSuamavlo sasamarTlos gadaewyvita. aTenelebma ar moindomes sasamarTlosTvis daeTmoT sakiTx is gadawyveta da galaSqreba amjobines. isini gaRizianebuli iyvnen imiT, rom ukve kunZulis mcxovreblebic bedavdnen ajanyebas lakedemonelTa saxmeleTo jaris imedad. rac See xeba ajanyebas, aq aTenelebi marTlebi iyvnen – skionelebi xelSekrulebis dadebidan ori dRis mere ajanydnen. kleonis rCeviT, aTenelebma gadawyvites aeRoT skione da misi moqala qeebi sikvdiliT daesajaT. amasobaSi aTenelebs aujanyda mendec, eretrielTa kolo nia paleneze. brasidasma miiRo mendeelebi, Tumca am dros xelSekruleba ukve namdvilad dadebuli iyo, TviTon ki aTe nelebi ramdenime punqtis darRvevaSi daadanaSaul a. mendee lebi swored brasidasis imediT ajanydnen, radgan xedavdnen, rom man aTenelebs skione ar dauTmo. aTenelebma Seityves amis Sesaxeb da gadawyvites galaSqreba orive qalaqis winaaRmdeg. aTenis eskadris molodinSi brasidasma skioneli da mendeeli 201 Tukidide.indd 201 01.04.2013 14:47:18 qalebi da bavSvebi olinsSi gaxizna, xolo mendeelebs xuTasi peloponeseli hopliti da samasi qalkideli peltasti miax mara. orive qalaqi mzad iyo aTenelTa winaaRmdeg erToblivi TavdacvisTvis. amasobaSi brasidasma da perdikam meored gail aSqres ara beosis winaaRmdeg. perdika makedonelebsa da misi samefos elinuri qalaqebis hoplitebs miuZRoda, brasidasi ki sxva qveynebis mier mowodebul hoplitTa razmebs (masTan dar Cenili peloponeselebis, qalkidelebisa da akanToselebis garda), sardlobda. sul maT laSqarSi daaxloebiT sami aTasi hopliti, aTasi mxedari da uTvalavi barbarosi iyo. arabeos is samflobeloSi Sesulebs rinkestebis laSqari srul sabrZo lo mzadyofnaSi daxvdaT. orive mxaris qveiTi jari mopirispire borcvebze idga. maT Soris dablobSi daeSvnen mxedrebi da brZola daiwyes. Semdeg mxedrebs rinkestebis hoplitebic mieSvelnen. brasidasma da perdikam laSqari sabrZolod moawyves da mters Seut ies. maT ukuaqcies linkestebi, adgilzec bevri daxoces. mtris meom rebi mTebSi gaiqcnen. gamarjvebulebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da brZolis velze darCnen ori Tu sami dRe perdikas mier daqiravebul ilirielTa molodinSi. perdikas laSqrobis gagrZeleba surda, brasidass ki ukan dabruneba erCia, radgan mendes bedi adardebda. sanam brasidasi da perdika kamaTobdnen, cnoba movida, rom ilirielebma uRalates da arabeoss Seue rTdnen. iliriel ebi mebrZoli tomi iyo. maTi SiSiT orive sardalma ukan daxeva ganizraxa, magram droze ver SeTanxmdnen. RamiT makedonelebi da barbarosTa umravlesoba SiSma moicva, romelic zogjer umizezod ewveva xolme did laSqars. meomrebs eCvenebodaT, rom maT uamravi mteri mosdevda da isini gaiqcnen. maT aiZules perdika, brasidasTan dalaparakebis gareSe daet ovebina iqa uroba, radgan ori banaki sakmaod iyo erTmaneTs daSorebuli. 202 Tukidide.indd 202 01.04.2013 14:47:18 dilas brasidasma aRmoaCina, rom makedonelebi wasuliyvnen, xolo ilirielebi da arabeosi maT TavdasxmiT emuqrebodnen. brasidasma ukan daxeva gadawyvita, hoplitebi oTxkuTxedad ganalaga, msubuqad SeiaraRebuli axalgazrda mebrZolebi, romlebsac Tavisi gamoxtomebiT unda SeewuxebinaT mteri, SuaSi ganaTavsa. TviTon ki samasi rCeuli meomriT ariergar dSi dadga, raTa mtris mewinave razmis Seteva moeg eriebina. man ase mimarTa meomrebs: `peloponeselebo, me rom ar vicode, rom Tqven SeSfoTebu lebi xarT, marto darCenili barbarosTa urdoebis winaSe, Cems gamamxnevebel sityvebs darigebas aRar davumatebdi. magram axla, rodesac Tqven mravalricxovani mtris pirispir dar CiT, mokled SegaxsenebT ZiriTads. simamaces imitom viCenT, rom sisxlSi gvaqvs da ara imitom, rom mokavSireebi gvyavs. nu SegaSinebT mtris simravle. gaixseneT, rom im qveynebs, sai danac moxvediT, umravlesoba ki ar marTavs, aramed sabrZo lo xelovnebiT gamorCeulebi marTaven brbos. rac Seex eba Tqvens mtrebs, barbarosebs, maTi SeiZleba mxolod arcodniT SegveSindes. Tu makedonelebTan Cveni Zveli SetakebebiT vim sjelebT, isini CvenTvis saxifaTo srulebiT ar arian. me es sakuTari gamocdilebiTac vici da sxvisi monayoliTac. Tu mtris moCvenebiTi Zala sinamdvileSi maT sisustes niRbavs, amis codnam Cven mxneoba unda SegvZinos. es iliriel ebi mxolod maTTvis arian saSiSni, vinc maT ar icnobs. maTi simravle, sab rZolo yiJina da iaraRis JRaruni am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs, magram brZola imaTTan, vinc am yvelafers medgrad itans, maT ar SeuZliaT. maT ara aqvT sabrZolo wyoba da ar eTakilebaT mtris ieriSis dros poziciis daTmoba. gaqcevac da Tavdasxmac maTTvis Tanabrad misaRebia. amitom maTi simamace saqmeSi ver mJRavndeba. isini ufro saimedod miiCneven, Soridan SegaSinon, vidre xelCarTuli brZola gagimarTon. amdenad, safrTxe arc iseTi didia, rogoric Cans. Tu gauZlebT mtris Semotevas da 203 Tukidide.indd 203 01.04.2013 14:47:18 saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mwyobrad daixevT ukan, xifaTs aici lebT. axla icodeT, rom Tu pirvel Semotevas moigeriebT, es velurebi Tavis simamaces mxolod Soridan gamoxataven yvi riliT. magram Tu erTxel dauTmobT, isini Tavs usafrTxod igrZnoben da mamacad dagedevnebian~. amis Semdeg brasidasma ukan daxeva daiwyo. barbarosebma ifiqres, garbiso da yiJiniT daesxnen Tavs. magram, sadac ki Seuties, yvelgan winaaRmdegobas waawydnen. ase moig eria bra sidasma barbarosebis pirveli Seteva da yovel jerze aseve mzad xvdeboda axal Semotevas. Tavdasxmebi Sewyda da lake demonelebma umtkivneulod gaagrZeles ukan daxeva. maSin barbarosTa didma nawilma gadawyvita, aRar dasxmoda Tavs brasidassa da mis elinebs gaSlil adgilas. maT patara razmi datoves, raTa lakedemonelebs ukan gahyolodnen, TviTon ki swrafi svliT daedevnen makedonelebs da visac daewivnen, daxoces, daikaves viwro gasasvlelic mTebs Soris, radgan icodnen, rom es brasidasisTvis ukan daxevis erTaderTi gza iyo. marTlac, rodesac brasidasi gasasvlels miuaxlovda, barbarosebma misi alyaSi moqceva daiwyes. brasidasi barbarosebis Canafiqrs mixvda da Tavis rCeul samas meomars ubrZana, sirbiliT asuliyvnen erT-erTi bor cvis wverze, rom iqidan barbarosebis gandevna moeswroT, sanam isini garemocvas daasrulebdnen. brasidasis mebrZo lebma borcvi aiRes da barbarosebi gayares. mteri Sedrka da lakedemonelTa devnas SeeSva. brasidasi imave dRes gada vida perdikas samflobeloSi. misi mebrZolebi gabrazebuli iyvnen makedonelebze maTi naadrevi wasvlis gamo. rodesac gzaSi makedonelTa urmebs xedavdnen, xarebs klavdnen, xolo qonebas iTvisebdnen. amis gamo perdika brasidasisa da pelo poneselebis mimarT mtrulad ganewyo da yvelafers akeTeb da, rom aTenelebs SeTanxmeboda da peloponeselebi Tavidan moeSorebina. 204 Tukidide.indd 204 01.04.2013 14:47:18 toroneSi dabrunebulma brasidasma gaigo, rom aTenelebma mende aiRes. mas aRar hqonda paleneze gadasvlis saSualeba da mSvidad darCa torones dasacavad. linkosis movlenebis dros aTenelebma ormocdaaTi xomaldisgan Semdgari eskad riT mendesa da skionas winaaRmdeg gailaSqres. xomaldebze aTasi aTeneli hopliti, eqvsasi meomari, aTasi Trakieli moqi ravne da adgilobriv mokavSireTa msubuqad SeiaraRebuli razmebi iyvnen. maT nikiasi da nikostratosi sardlobdnen. eskadra poteidaiadan mendesken daiZra. mendeelebma maTTan dasaxmareblad misul skionelebTan da peloponeselebTan erTad polidamidasis sardlobiT qalaqis maxloblad bor cvze Zlieri pozicia daikaves. aTenelebi ver miudgnen maT da maxloblad dabanakdnen. RamiT ki mendes damcvelebi qalaqSi dabrundnen. Semdeg dRes aTenelebma zRvidan Semouares mendes, daikaves gareub ani da mTel dRes arbevdnen mis midamoebs. qalaqidan aravin gamosula. Semdeg Rames samasi skioneli Sin dabrunda. nikiasma laSqris naxevriT moao xra qveyana skion es sazRvram de, xolo nikostratosi danarCeni razmebiT qalaqis karib WesTan dabanakda. kedlis meore mxares, qalaqis am nawilSi iaraRis sawyobi iyo. polidamidasma moawyo Tavisi razmi da Seecada isini Setevaze daeTanxmebina. saxalxo dajgufebis erT-erTma wevrma ganucxada mas, rom ver xedavs aTenelebTan brZolis saWiroeb as. polidamidasma staca mas xeli. gamZvin varebuli xalxi Seia raRda da peloponeselebsa da maT momxre ebs Tavs daesxa. moulodneli Tavdasxmisagan peloponeselebi Sedrknen da gaiqcnen. gadarCenilebma akropoliss Seafa res Tavi. aTenelebi qalaqSi SeiWrnen. raki qalaqis WiSkari maT winaswari molaparakebis gareSe gauRes, aTenelebma ise daarbies qalaqi, TiTqos SturmiT aeRoT. sardlebi Zlivs aCerebdnen mebrZolebs, rom mosaxleoba ar daexocaT. amis Semdeg aTenelebma mendeelebs demokratiuli wyobis Senar 205 Tukidide.indd 205 01.04.2013 14:47:18 Cunebis ufleba misces da maTve miandes ajanyebis moTaveTa dasjac. imave dros maT saalyo kedliT moWres akropolisSi myofi peloponeselebi da dacva dauyenes. Semdeg ki skioneze gailaSqres. skionelebma peloponeselebTan erTad gaamagres bor cvi qalaqis win, romlis aRebis gareSec aTenelebi saalyo kedlis mSeneblobas ver daiwyebdnen. aTenelebma swrafi ieriSiT aiRes simagre da mteri ukuagdes. isini dabanakdnen, gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da alyis mzadeba daiwyes. gar kveuli drois Semdeg peloponeselTa razmma moaxerxa mendes akropolisidan Tavis daRweva da zRvis sanapiros gaswvriv aTenelTa SeumCnevlad skioneSi misvla. sanam skiones garSemo saalyo kedeli Sendeboda, perdikam macne gaugzavna aTenel sardlebs da maT SeuTanxmda. am dros lakedemoneli isqagorasi apirebda brasidasis saSvelad mos vlas. perdikas ar surda peloponeselTa Tavis miwaze SeSve ba, xolo nikiasi mas erTgulebis dasturs sTxovda. amitom perdikam Tesaliel megobrebs sTxova, isqagorasis laSqari ar gamoetarebinaT Tavis teritoriaze. maSin isqagorasi piradad Camovida brasidasTan. Cveulebis sawinaaRmdegod, Tan Camoiyvana ramdenime kaci spartidan, raTa isini qalaqe bis mmarTvelebad daeniSnaT. im zafxuls Tebelebma Tespielebi aTenelebTan megobro baSi daad anaSaules da maT galavani daungries. Tebelebs amis gakeTeba yovelTvis undodaT da axla xelsayreli dro naxes, radgan mravali Tespieli aTenelebTan brZolaSi daiRupa. imave zafxuls xanZarma gaanadgura heras taZari argosSi. qurumma qalma qrisidam anTebuli lampari Turme gvirgvi nebTan axlos dadga, TviTon ki CaeZina. argoselTa SiSiT, qrisida imave Rames gaiqca, xolo argoselebma axali qurumi qali airCies. imave zafxulis dasasruls aTenelebma daamTavres skio 206 Tukidide.indd 206 01.04.2013 14:47:18 nes garSemo saalyo kedlis mSenebloba, iq daraji datoves, laSqari ki Sin daabrunes. dazavebis gamo zamTarSi aTenelebsa da lakedemonelebs Soris sabrZolo moqmedebebi Sewyda. mantineelebsa da tegee lebs ki laodokiasTan brZola hqondaT, magram vin gaimarjva, ucnobi darCa. orivem gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTa da delfo Si ZRveni gagzavna. didi danakargebis Semdeg RamiT brZola ise Sewyda, rom gadamwyveti upiratesoba arc erT mxares ar moupovebia. imave zamTris miwuruls brasidasma poteidaias aReba sca da. is RamiT mivida qalaqTan da brZana, kedlisTvis saalyo kibe miedgaT. magram yaraulma droze SeniSna kibe, romliTac lakedemonelebi kedelze adiodnen. brasidasma saswrafod ukan daix ia. ase dasrulda omis mecxre weli. 207 Tukidide.indd 207 01.04.2013 14:47:18 mexuTe wigni momdevno zafxuls gavida zavis vada, magram sabrZolo moqmedebebi ar ganaxlebula piTiur TamaSebamde. jer kidev zavis dros aTenelebma gaasaxles delosis mosaxleob a, rome lic raRac Zveli codvis gamo uwmindurad miiCnies da ara sakmarisad eCvenaT is ganwmenda, romelic maT adre moawyves. dazavebis dasrulebis Semdeg kleonma daarwmuna aTe nelebi, misi sardlobiT Trakiul sanapiroze gaegzavnaT ocdaaT i xomaldi, as oci hopliti, samasi mxedari da mrava li mokavSire. is jer skionesTan mivida, romelic jer kidev alyaSi iyo, waiyvana moalyeTagan hoplitebis razmi da desan ti toronesTan gadasxa. kleonma gaigo, rom brasidasi iq ar iyo da saxmeleTo jariT qalaqisaken daiZra, aTi xomaldi ki navsadgurSi gagzavna. is jer brasidasis aSenebul SemovliT kedels miadga. kedlis dasacavad lakedemonelTa garnizoni gamovida, magram radgan maT uWirdaT, xomaldebi ki axlos iyvnen, SeeSindaT, desants qalaqi ar aeRo, da ukan gabrundnen. amasobaSi aTenelebma moaswres torones aReba, nawilobriv desantiT, nawilobriv saxmeleTo laSqriT, romelmac Zveli kedeli gaangria da qalaqSi SeiWra. xelCarTul brZolaSi 208 Tukidide.indd 208 01.04.2013 14:47:18 aTenelebma peloponeselebidan da adgilobrivebidan zogi daxoces, zogic daatyveves. brasidasi torones dasaxmareb lad wamovida, magram gaigo, rom qalaqi ukve daeca da ukan gabrunda. man mxolod ormoci stadionis savaliT daagviana. kleonma organ aRmarTa gamarjvebis niSani, erTi navsadgurSi, erTic – kedelTan. toroneli qalebi da bavSvebi monebad gayi des, kacebi ki peloponeselebTan da qalkidelebTan erTad, sul Svidasi kaci, aTenSi gagzavnes. SemdgomSi, samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT, peloponeselebi gaaTavisufles, danarCenebi ki imave raodenobis aTenel tyveebze gacvales olinTelebma. daaxloebiT imave dros beotielebma RalatiT daikaves aTenelTa sasazRvro cixe panaqtosi. kleonma toroneSi gar nizoni datova da amfipolisisken gaemarTa. daaxloebiT amave dros faiaqsi aTenelTa elCad gaemgzavra italias a da siciliaSi. dazavebisa da aTenelTa siciliidan wasvlis Semdeg leontinelma moqalaqeebma miwis gadanawileba ganizraxes. mdidrebma sirakuzelebi ixmes da xalxis momxreebi gandevnes. maT sirakuzelebTan moil aparakes, aaoxres saku Tari qveyana da gadasaxldnen sirakuzaSi, sadac moqalaqeoba miiRes. mogvianebiT zogi maTgani ukan dabrunda. maT Tavis droze gandevnili demokratebic SeuerTdnen. leontinelebma qveyana gaamagres da saomrad gaemzadnen. faiaqsi siciliaSi gaemgzavra, raTa mokavSireebi da, SeZlebisdagvarad, sxva sicilielebi metismetad gaZlierebuli sirakuzis winaaRmdeg daerazma da leontinaSi demokratia gadaerCina. man miimxro kamarinelebi da akragantelebi, magram gelaSi winaaRmdego bas waawyda da katanaSi dabrunda. faiaqsi italiur qveynebTanac awarmoebda molaparakebas aTenelebTan kavSiris Taobaze. amasobaSi kleoni toronedan amfipolisis gzaze uSedegod daesxa Tavs stagiross, androselTa kolonias. samagierod, ieriSiT aiRo TasoselTa kolonia halepsosi. man elCebi gag 209 Tukidide.indd 209 01.04.2013 14:47:18 zavna perdikasTan da TrakiaSi da damxmare Zalebi moiTxova. TviTon ki eionosSi eloda maSvel Zalebs. es rom gaigo, bra sidasic maT pirispir dabanakda kerdiliosTan. aqedan kar gad Canda midamo da kleoni ver moaxerxebda mis SeumCnevlad gadaadgilebas. brasidasi eloda, rom kleoni amfipolisisken daiZreboda, da brZolisTvis emzadeboda. man moiwvia aTas xuTasi Trakieli moqiravne, edoneli msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiTebi da mxedrebi. amfipolisSi myofTa garda, mas kidev aTasi qalkideli qveiTi hyavda. brasidasma ori aTasi hopliti da samasi elini mxedari Seagrova. meom arTa mTeli ricxvidan aTas xuTasi kaci mas kerdelosTan hyavda, danarCenebi ki, klearidosis sardlobiT, amfipolisSi imyofebodnen. raRac xans kleoni Tavis poziciaze rCeboda, magram bolos iZulebuli gaxda ise moqceuliyo, rogorc brasidasi elo da. misi meomrebi umoqmedobam daRala. isini mis umecar da sust sardlobas mowinaaRmdegis gamocdilebasa da simamaces adarebdnen da ixsenebdnen, rogor uxalisod gamoyvnen mas aTenidan. kleons ar undoda meomrebi metad gaeRizianebina da winsvla gadawyvita. igi iseve moiqca, rogorc pilosTan, sadac mas gaumarTla. fiqrobda, rom brZolas ar gaumarTav dnen, ambobda, dasazverad mivdivaro. damxmare razmebs ki eloda ara brZolisTvis, aramed qalaqis ieriSiT asaRebad. amitom amfipoliss rom miuaxlovda, kleonma cicabo mTas Tan gaCereba brZana da strimonis datborili dablobisa da qalaqis Trakiuli nawilis daTvaliereba daiwyo. varaudobda, rom nebismier dros SeeZlo ubrZolvelad ukan daxeva. arc qalaqis kedlebze da arc Ria WiSkarSi aravin Canda. kleonma inana, rom ar wamoiRo saalyo manqanebi, riTac dacvis gareSe darCenili qalaqis aRebas SeZlebda. rodesac brasidasma moaxloebuli aTenelebi SeamCnia, saswrafod kordiliosidan daeSva da amfipolisSi Sevida, magram qalaqidan gamosvla da aTenelTa pirispir sabrZolod 210 Tukidide.indd 210 01.04.2013 14:47:18 dadgoma ver gabeda. is ar endoboda Tavis jars, romelic SesaZleblobebiT Camouvardeboda aTenelebisas. marTlac, aTenelTa laSqari lemnosisa da imbrosis saukeTeso meomre bisgan Sedgeboda. amitom brasidasma xerxs mimarTa. brasidasi fiqrobda, rom mas gamarjvebis meti imedi eqneboda, Tu mowi naaRmdeges ar ecodineboda misi laSqris raodenoba da Sei araReba. man SearCia as ormocdaaTi hopliti, danarCenebi ki klearidoss dautova, raTa moulodnelad Seetia mtrisTvis, sanam isini ukan gabrundebodnen. Tu aTenelebs maSveli Zala mouvidoda, brasidasi veRar SeZlebda maTze moulodnelad Tavdasxmas. man Sekriba Tavisi meomrebi da ase mimarTa: `peloponeselebo, saWiro ar aris SegaxsenoT, rom Tqven mox vediT im qveynidan, romelic sakuTari simamacis gamo yovelTvs Tavisufali iyo, da rom Tqven, dorielebi, miCveuli xarT ionielebze gamarjvebas. me minda agixsnaT Cemi gegma. nu ifiq rebT, rom Cven sustebi varT, radgan cotani midian brZolaSi. vfiqrob, mowinaaRmdege aq imitom avida, rom Cven ar gvafasebs. is SeiZleba udardelad da uwesrigod aTvalierebs midamos da sul ar elis Cvens Tavdasxmas. Tu mis Secdomebs gaviTva liswinebT da SevutevT, namdvilad gavimarjvebT. didi saxeli moaqvs im samxedro xrikebs, romlebic mters atyue ben da Cven gvamarjvebineben. amitom sanam mteri sabrZolvelad moumza debelia da mSvidad aris, SeiZleba saerTodac ar fiqrobs aq darCenas da SeumCnevlad unda wasvla, me minda Cems xalxTan erTad Tavs davesxa maT da maTi laSqris centrze mivitano ieriSi, sanam gons mosulan da moqmedebis gegma SeudgeniaT. Sen ki, klearidos, rogorc ki SeamCnev, rom me maT vaviwroveb, gaaRe WiSkari, qalaqidan gamodi da maT xelCarTuli brZola gaumarTe. imedi maqvs, isini gaiqcevian, radgan mtrisTvis meore Tavdasxma gverdidan ufro saSiSia, vidre im metoqesTan brZo la, visac ukve ebrZvis. Sen Tavi ise geWiros, rogorc spartels da Tqvenc, mokavSireebo, mamacad mihyeviT Tqvens belads. ico 211 Tukidide.indd 211 01.04.2013 14:47:18 deT, gamarjvebisTvis sami ram aris saWiro: simtkice, Rirsebis grZnoba da disciplina. icodeT, dRes wydeba Tqveni bedi – an SeinarCunebT Tavisuflebas da lakedemonelTa mokavSiris sapatio saxels, an aTenelTa monebi gaxdebiT. Tamamad gaswi eT sabrZolvelad. Tqven xedavT, ra didi saqmisTvis ibrZviT. me ki dagimtkicebT, rom SemiZlia ara marto gavamxnevo sxva, aramed TviTonac gamoviCino simamace~. am sityvebis Semdeg brasidasi qalaqidan gasasvlelad moemzada, xolo laSqari klearidosis sardlobiT Trakiul WiSkarTan ganalaga, saidanac maT aTenelebze unda mietanaT ieriSi. amasobaSi aTenelebma SeamCnies, rom brasidasi ker diliosidan daeSva da msxverpls swiravda aTenas taZarSi. kleoni Tavisi laSqriT miuaxlovda qalaqs mowinaaRmdegeze saTvalTvalod. aq man Seatyo, rom mtris jari qalaqSia da, ramdenadac WiSkris qveSidan adamianebisa da cxenebis fexebi Canda, mixvda, rom mowinaaRmdege Tavdasxmas apirebda. kleoni TviTon mivida WiSkarTan, darwmunda am cnobis sisworeSi da ukan daxeva brZana. imedi hqonda, rom Tavs aaridebda brZo las. marcxena frTas eionosisken wasvla ubrZana. kleons eCveneboda, rom ukan daxeva Zalian gaWianurda. man moabruna marjvena frTa da ukan daxeva daiwyo, riTac flangi moaSiSvla mtris TavdasxmisaTvis. brasidasma SeamCnia, rom xelsayreli momenti dadga da SeuZaxa Tavis mebrZolebs: `Tqven ar gelian. es cxadia Subebisa da Tavebis moZraobiT. Tavdasxmas ase ar xvdebian. gaxseniT WiSkari da SevutioT mters~. brasidasi gamovida WiSkridan da Tavisi razmiT sirbiliT mivida iq, sadac dRes gamarjvebis niSania aRmarTuli. is ekveTa aTenelTa centrs. isini ki, mowinaaRmdegis simamaciT SeSinebulebi, airivnen da gaiqcnen. imave dros klearidosi gamovida Trakiuli WiSkridan da mters Seut ia. ori mxridan Setevam sul aria aTenelebi. marcxena frTa ukve eionosis gzas adga da maSinve gaiqca. axla brasidasma marjvena frTas 212 Tukidide.indd 212 01.04.2013 14:47:18 Seutia, magram daiWra. aTenelebma ver SeamCnies, rom brasidasi waiqca da is misma meomrebma brZolis velidan gaiyvanes. aTe nelTa marjvena frTa ufro mxned idga. kleons arc ufiqria poziciebis dacva, ise garboda. is erTma peltastma mokla. misma hoplitebma rigebi Sekres da ramdenjerme moigeries klearidosis Seteva, bolos mxedrebma da peltastebma isini moimwyvdies da gaqceva aiZules. axla aTenelTa mTeli laSqa ri mirboda. vinc xelCarTul brZolaSi gadarCa, gaWirvebiT miaRwia eionoss. brasidasi, jer kidev cocxali, qalaqSi miiy vanes. man Seityo gamarjvebis Sesaxeb da maleve gardaicvala. danarCenma laSqarma klearidosis sardlobiT daasrula mtris devna, daxocilebs saWurveli ahyara da gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTa. mokavSireebma brasidasi didi pativiT dakrZales. amfi polisis mcxovreblebma ki mis saflavs Robe Semoavles da dRemde, rogorc gmirs, msxverpls swiraven. mis pativsacemad dawesda TamaSebi da msxverplSewirva. im droidan isini qala qis damaarseblad brasidass miiCneven. daangries hagnonis yvela nageboba da mospes yvelaferi, rac mis mier koloniis daarsebaze metyvelebda. ase imitom moiqcnen, rom brasi dasi qalaqis mxsnelad miaCndaT, Tanac Seqmnil viTarebaSi aTenelebis SiSiT didad afasebdnen lakedemonelTa megob robas. amfipoliselebma aTenelebs gadasces daRupulTa cxedrebi. brZolaSi eqvsasi aTeneli daiR upa, mowinaaRmdege ki – mxolod Svidi. es imitom moxda, rom aTenelebs araswor poziciaSi mouwiaT brZola, isini Tavidanve panikam moicva. daRupulTa dakrZalvis Semdeg aTenelebi Sin dabrundnen, klearidosi ki amfipolisSi darCa sazogadoebrivi cxovre bis mosawesrigeblad. daaxloebiT imave periodSi lakedemonelTa cxraasi hop liti Cavida herakleaSi adgilobriv uwesrigobaTa mosagva reblad. 213 Tukidide.indd 213 01.04.2013 14:47:19 zamTris dasawyisSi maT gza ganagrZes da Tesalias miadgnen, magram radgan Tesaliel ebs maTi gatareba ar undodaT, xolo brasidasi, visTanac isini midiodnen, aRar iyo cocxali, isini ukan gabrundnen. TrakiaSi maT araferi esaqmebodaT. damar cxebuli aTenelebi iq aRar iyvnen, xolo brasidasis saqmis gagrZeleba maT ar xelewifebodaT. amfipolisis brZolis Semdeg mxareebs sabrZolo moqmede bebi aRar ganuaxlebiaT. isini ZiriTadad mSvidobaze fiqrob dnen. deliosTan da amfipolisTan marcxis Semdeg aTenelebs SeeryaT sakuTari uZlevelobis rwmena. isini SiSobdnen, rom marcxis Semdeg kidev dakargavdnen mokavSireebs da nanobdnen, rom pilosTan gamarjvebis Semdeg uari Tqves mSvidobaze. meore mxriv, lakedemonelebsac surdaT mSvidoba, radgan omi maTTvis uCveulod warimarTa: isini fiqrobdnen, rom mtris miwis gaCanagebiT mis Zalas ramdenime weliwadSi gamofitav dnen; maT arnaxuli marcxi ganicades kunZulze; maTi miwa mtris saTareSod iqca kiTeradan da pilosidan; helotebi mtris mxareze gadadiodnen da lakedemonelebi mudmivad maTi ajanyebis molodinSi iyvnen. amasTanave, male gadioda argosTan ocdaaTwliani zavis vada da argoselebi maTTvis kinurias olqis dabrunebis gareSe axali xelSekrulebis dadebas ar Tanxmdebodnen. lakedemonelebs ki erTdroul ad argosTan da aTenTan omi ar SeeZloT. isini eWvobdnen imasac, rom peloponesis zogi qveyana argosis mxareze apirebda gadasvlas, rac momavalSi gamarTlda kidec. am mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, orive mxares mSvidoba surda. gansakuTrebiT mowadinebuli mainc lakedemonelebi iyvnen, radgan kunZulze datyvevebulTa dabruneba undo daT. tyveTa Soris iyo bevri warCinebuli sparteli, visac saxelmwifos pirvel pirebTan axlo naTesaoba akavSirebda. maT dasaxsnelad samSvidobo molaparakeba lakedemonelebma maTi datyvevebisTanave daiwyes, magram aTenelebi, sanam bedi 214 Tukidide.indd 214 01.04.2013 14:47:19 swyalobdaT, Tanasworuflebian zavs ar Tanxmdebodnen. maT mxolod deliosTan marcxis Semdeg daiwyes daTmobebze fiqri da erTi wliT dazavdnen. amasobaSi aTenelebma meore marcxic iwvnies amfipolisTan, sadac daiR upa mSvidobis ori ZiriTadi mowinaaRmdege – kleo ni da brasidasi. erTs omi imiT xiblavda, rom mas warmateba da saxeli moutana, meores ki eSinoda, rom mSvidobianobis dros misi codvebi gamovlindeboda da mas aRaravin dauj erebda. axla orive saxelmwifoSi omis winaaRmdeg gamodioda ori adamiani, vinc pirvelobas eswrafoda – lakedemonelTa mefe pleisto anaqsi da Tavisi drois yvelaze warmatebuli sardali nikiasi. nikiass aqamde bedi swyalobda. igi qveyanaSi didi pativis cemiT sargeblobda. mas undoda SeenarCunebina iseTi kacis saxeli, visac Tavisi qveynisTvis arasdros moutania ubedure ba da yovelTvis cdilobda TanamemamuleTa omisgan daxsnas. pleistoanaqss ki omma mxolod gansacdeli moutana. igi qveynidan gandevnes atikidan ukan daxevis gamo, xolo Sin dab runebis Semdeg yoveli warumateblobis mizezad mas miiCnev dnen. misi mowinaaRmdegeebi amtkicebdnen, rom mefem moisyida delfos misani da ise dabrunda. mefes imedi hqonda, rom mSvidobis damyarebisa da tyvee bis dabrunebis Semdeg mas Tavs daanebebdnen. molaparakebebi zamTarSi daiwyo, gazafxulis damdegs ki lakedemonelebma gamalebuli saomari samzadisi ganaaxles, raTa amiT aTenele bi daTmobebze daeyolieb inaT. xangrZlivi molaparakebebisa da urTierTsayvedurebis Semdeg gadawyvites daebrunebinaT erTmaneTisaTvis omis dros warTmeuli miwebi da dazavebu liyvnen. nisea aTenelebs darCa, radgan Tebelebma ar daTmes pla tea im sababiT, rom qalaqi maT sakuTari nebiT Cabarda. imave sababiT iTxovdnen aTenelebi niseas. lakedemonelebma mokavSireTa yriloba moiwvies da xmaTa 215 Tukidide.indd 215 01.04.2013 14:47:19 umravlesobiT dazaveba gadawyvites. winaaRmdegi beotiele bi, korinTelebi, eleelebi da megarelebi iyvnen. mxareebma erTmaneTs Sehfices xelSekrulebis dacva. zavi Semdeg pirobebs iTvaliswinebda: saerTo samloc veloebSi nebismier msurvels Tavisuflad SeuZlia misvla, msxverplis Sewirva, misnobis Txovna da zRviTa Tu xmele TiT sazeimo elCobis gagzavna. apolonis wminda nakveTi da taZari delfoSi da delfoeli xalxi damoukidebelia. mSvidoba erTi mxriv, aTenelebsa da maT mokavSireebs, xolo meore mxriv, lakedemonelebsa da maT mokavSireebs Soris ormocdaaTi wlis manZilze ar unda dairRves zRvasa da xme leTze. maT ar unda iomon erTmaneTTan da ar miayenon ziani erTmaneTs. yvela dava unda gadawydes sasamarTloSi da misi dadgenilebis dacva ficiT unda ganmtkicdes. lakedemone lebma unda daubrunon aTenelebs amfipolisi. aTenelTaTvis dabrunebuli qveynebis mosaxleobas SeuZlia Tavisuflad wavides, sadac unda da qoneba Tan waiRos. qveynebi, romle bic aristidesis dros dawesebul xarks ixdian, damoukideb lebi unda iyvnen. aTenelebma ar unda gagzavnon jari, Tu isini xarks droulad gadaixdian. isini ar unda iyvnen arc erTi mxaris mokavSireebi, magram SeuZliaT sakuTari nebiT SeuerTdnen aTenelebs. lakedemonelebma unda daubrunon aTenelebs panaqtosi, xolo aTenelenma lakedemonelebs – korifasiosi, kiTera, meTane, pteleosi, atalanta. mxareebma unda gacvalon tyveebi. skiones, torones da aTenelTa sxva samflobeloebis beds aTenelebi gadawyveten. aTenelebma unda daificon, rom mSvidobas SeinarCuneben yvela qveyanaSi. TiToeuli qveynis warmomadgenlebma qveynis saxeliT unda daificon, rom daicaven xelSekrulebas da mSvidobas. aseve daificeben lakedemonelebi da maTi mokavSireebi. svetebi aRimarTeba olimpiaSi, piToSi, isTmosze, aTenSi akropolisze da lakedemonSi apolonis taZarSi. Tu romelime mxare raime 216 Tukidide.indd 216 01.04.2013 14:47:19 Secdomas dauSvebs, nebismiers SeeZleba Riad da patiosnad Tqvas amis Sesaxeb da orive mxaris TanxmobiT xelSekrule baSi cvlileba Seitanos. zavi daido zamTris miwurulsa da gazafxulis dasawyisSi, uSualod dionises dResaswaulis Semdeg. atikaSi pirveli SeWridan da omis dasawyisidan aTi weli gavida. drois aTvlisas umjobesia gaviTvaliswinoT weliwadis droTa cvlileba da ar daveyrdnoT arqontebisa Tu sxva moxeleTa siebs, ris mixedviTac calkeul qveynebSi aRiniSneba istoriul movlenaTa TariRebi, radgan am SemTxvevaSi gaur kveveli rCeba am piris samsaxuris romel etapze moxda esa Tu is movlena. xolo Tu zafxulebiTa da zamTrebiT davTvliT, rogorc amas me vakeTeb, aRmovaCenT, rom pirveli omis dros gavida aTi zafxuli da amdenive zamTari. lakedemonelebma maSinve gaaTavisufles Tavisi tyveebi da gagzavnes Tavisi warmomadgenlebi Trakiis sanapiroze klear idasTan, raTa amfipolisi aTenelebisTvis gadaecaT, xolo sxva qveynebs xelSekrulebis is punqtebi mieRoT, rom lebic maT exebodaT. Trakiulma qveynebma ar miiRes xelSekruleba, radgan igi TavisTvis araxelsayrelad miiCnies. klearidosmac, Trakiel Ta saameblad, ar daTmo amfipolisi im sababiT, rom amis gake Teba ar SeeZlo moqalaqeTa nebis sawinaaRmdegod. klearidosi qalkidelTa elCebTan erTad gaemgzavra lakedemonSi, raTa Tavi emarTlebina. mas isic ainteresebda, SeiZleboda Tu ara xelSekrulebis pirobebis Secvla. CasvlisTanave ki Seityo, rom xelSekruleba ukve dadebuli iyo. igi ukan gaabrunes, raTa qalaqi aTenelTaTvis gadaec aT, xolo Tu es SeuZlebeli iqneboda, peloponeselebi iqidan wamoeyvanaT. mokavSireTa warmomadgenlebi maSin lakedemonSi imyofebod nen da lakedemonelebi moiTxovdnen, urC qveynebs xelSekrule ba mieRoT. magram isini ufro samarTlian pirobebs iTxovdnen. 217 Tukidide.indd 217 01.04.2013 14:47:19 radgan mokavSireebi ar daemorCilnen, lakedemonelebma ar gauSves isini da dades kavSiri aTenelebTan. isini miiCnevdnen, rom argoselebi, romlebmac uari Tqves samSvidobo xelSek rulebaze, aTenelTa daxmarebis gareSe maTTvis xifaTs ar warmoadgendnen, xolo peloponesis sxva qveynebi simSvides SeinarCunebdnen. amitom lakedemonelebma isargebles aTe nelTa elCebis spartaSi yofniT da maTTan daiwyes molapa rakeba kavSiris Sesaxeb Semdeg pirobebze: `lakedemonelebi da aTenelebi momdevno aTi wlis ganmav lobaSi mokavSireebi iqnebian. Tu vinme samtrod miva lakedemo nelTa miwaze, aTenelebi maT yvela saSualebiT unda daexmaron. Tu mteri qveyanas aaoxrebs da ukan gabrundeba, is mtrad unda darCes lakedemonelTa da aTenelTaTvis da orivem unda iZios masze Suri. zavi ki erToblivad unda dadon. Tu vinme samtrod miva aTenelebis miwaze, lakedemonelebi maT yvela saSuale biT unda daexmaron. ymebis ajanyebis SemTxvevaSi aTenelebi SeZlebisdagvarad unda daexmaron lakedemonelebs. es xel Sekruleba ficiT unda ganamtkicon imave pirebma, romlebmac wina xelSekruleba daadastures. fici yovelwliur ad unda ganaxldes, risTvisac lakedemonelebi unda Cavidnen aTenSi dionisiebze, xolo aTenelebi lakedemonSi hiakinTiebze. orive mxarem unda aRmarTos stela:erTma – lakedemonSi, apolonis taZarSi, meorem ki – aTenis akropolisze, aTenas taZarSi. Tu mxareebi gadawyveten, rame daamaton an gamoaklon am xelSek rulebas, maT es unda gaakeTon ficis darRvevis gareSe~. es xelSekruleba mSvidobis damyarebis Semdeg maleve daido. aTenelebma lakedemonelebs daubrunes tyveebi. amiT dasrulda pirveli omi, romelic aT weliwads grZeldeboda. im qveynebSi, romlebic xelSekrulebas SeuerTdnen, mSvi doba damyarda, magram korinTelebi da zogi sxva pelopo nesuri qveyana cdilobda miRweuli SeTanxmebis darRvevas. mokavSireebs male gauCndaT lakedemonelebTan uTanxmoebis 218 Tukidide.indd 218 01.04.2013 14:47:19 sababi. garda amisa, droTa ganmavlobaSi aTenelebs lakedemo nelTa mimarTac gauCndaT eWvi, radgan SeTanxmebis zogierTi piroba maT ar Seasrules. marTalia, eqvsi wlisa da aTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi mxareebi erTmaneTis miwas Tavs ar dasxmian, mag ram ucxo qveynebSi isini cdilobdnen erTmaneTisTvis evnoT. bolos ki maT daarRvies mSvidoba da aSkara omi gamoacxades. aTenelma Tukididem es omic aRwera Tanmimdevrulad, mov lenebis mixedviT, romlebsac wlidan wlamde zafxulebiTa da zamTrebiT iTvlida, sanam lakedemonelebma da mokavSi reebma ar daamarcxes aTenis saxelmwifo. am momentamde omi grZeldeboda ocdaSvid weliwads da Secdeba is, vinc oms ar miakuTvnebs monakveTs or aSkara oms Soris. sakmarisia, Tvali gadavavloT Cem mier aRweril movlenebs, rom davrwmundebiT, drois am monakveTs mSvidobians ver vuwodebT. mxareebs ar daubrunebiaT da ar miuRiaT yvelaferi, rac xelSekrulebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. garda amisa, mantineisa da epidavrosis omebSi da sxva saqmeebSic xelSekrulebis calkeul i punqtebi irRveoda. Trakieli mokavSireebi mtrulad iyvnen aTenelTa mimarT ganwyobili, xolo beotielebi icavdnen dazavebas, romelic yoveli aTi dRis mere unda ganaxlebuliyo. ormocdaaTwliani mSvidobisa da aTenelebTan xelSekru lebis dadebis Semdeg peloponeselTa elCebma lakedemoni datoves. yvela Sin dabrunda, garda korinTelebisa, romle bic argosSi wavidnen. maT ganucxades argoselebs, rom lake demonelebma xelSekruleba dades maT uborotes mterTan, aTenelebTan, raTa mTeli peloponesi daimorCilon, amitom argoselebma zomebi unda miiR on peloponeselTa gadasarCe nad. maT unda SesTavazon yvela damoukidebel qalaqs, vinc ki urTierTTanasworobas aRiarebs, argosTan TavdacviTi kavSiri Sekras, magram molaparakebebi unda awarmoon ara sajarod, aramed uflebamosil warmomadgenlebTan, raTa saxalxo krebaze warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi Crdili aravis 219 Tukidide.indd 219 01.04.2013 14:47:19 miadges. korinTelebma daumates, rom lakedemonelTa siZul viliT mravali qveyana SeuerTdeba am kavSirs. argoselTa saxlxo krebam moiwona es winadadeba da Sear Cia Tormeti uflebamosili piri, romlebTanac yvela elins, aTenelebisa da lakedemonelebis garda, SeeZlo kavSiris dadeba, aTenelebsa da lakedemonelebs ki es mxolod saxal xo krebis gadawyvetilebiT SeeZloT. argoselebi siamovne biT daTanxmdnen, radgan lakedemonelebTan oms elodnen. maT imedi hqondaT, rom wamyvan mdgomareobas moipovebdnen peloponesSi, radgan am droisaTvis lakedemonelTa dideba Seirya: samxedro warumateblobam maT mimarT upativcemuloba gamoiwvia. argosis mdgomareoba yvela TvalsazrisiT kargi iyo. is ar monawileobda atikur omSi, inarCunebda mSvidobas orive mxaresTan da aqedan mogebac hqonda. argoselebi mzad iyvnen, yvela elini mieRoT kavSirSi. pirvelebi am kavSirs mantineelebi SeuerTdnen. manti neelebma jer kidev aTenelebTan omis dros daimorCiles arkadiis nawili. axla isini SiSobdnen, rom lakedemonelebi maTTvisac moiclidnen da am miwebis SenarCunebis uflebas ar miscemdnen. amitom mantineelebi sixaruliT SeuerTdnen argoss, Zlier da demokratiul qveyanas, romelic yovelTvis upirispirdeboda lakedemonelebs. mantineas gandgomis Sem deg peloponesis sxva qveynebSic daiwyes amaze fiqri. pelo poneselebi fiqrobdnen, rom mantineelebi argosis mxareze gadasvliT xeirs naxavdnen. garda amisa, peloponeselTa gaRizianebas iwvevda xelSekrulebis punqti, romelic lake demonelebsa da aTenelebs xelSekrulebis Secvlis uflebas aZlevda. peloponeselebi eWvobdnen, rom lakedemonelebi aTenelTa daxmarebiT peloponeseli mokavSireebis damorCi lebas apirebdnen. isini moiTxovdnen, xelSekrulebis Secvlis ufleba mxolod mTel kavSirs hqonoda. amdenad, lakedemo nelTa SiSiT, peloponeselTa umravlesoba mzad iyo argosis 220 Tukidide.indd 220 01.04.2013 14:47:19 mxares gadasuliyo. rodesac peloponeselebma gaiges, rom am ganwyobas aRvivebdnen korinTelebi, romlebic TviTonac apirebdnen argosTan xelSekrulebis dadebas, maT gagzavnes korinTosSi elCebi, raTa movlenaTa arasasurvel ganviTare bas win aRdgomodnen. elCebi adanaSaulebdnen korinTelebs da amtkicebdnen, rom isini fics daarRveven, Tu lakedemonelebs ganudgebian da argoselebTan kavSirs Sekraven. korinTelebi ukve usamarTlod moiqcnen maSin, rodesac ar miiRes aTene lebTan xelSekruleba, rodesac mokavSireTa umravlesobis gadawyvetileba yvelasTvis savaldebulo unda yofiliyo. korinTelebma winaswar miiwvies sxva mokavSireebi, vinc maT msgavsad uari Tqva xelSekrulebaze da maTi TandaswrebiT upasuxes lakedemonelebs. maT pirdapir ar uTqvamT, rom nawy enebi iyvnen, radgan lakedemonelebma ar daicves maTi intere sebi. Tavisi uari maT imiT daasabuTes, rom ver miatovebdnen mokavSireebs TrakiaSi, visTanac ficiT iyvnen dakavSirebuli. am safuZvelze, korinTelebi uaryofdnen, rom samokavSireo xelSekruleba daarRvies. rac Seex eba argosTan kavSirs, maT ganacxades, rom moeTaTbirebian megobrebs da samarTlianad gadawyveten sakiTxs. amis Semdeg lakedemoneli elCebi saxlSi dabrundnen. im dros korinTosSi ukve imyofebodnen argosel Ta elCebi, romlebic maT xelSekrulebis dadebisken mouwo debdnen. magram korinTelebma isini Semdeg Sekrebaze miiwvies. male Camovidnen eleeli elCebi, romlebmac jer korinTe lebTan Sekres kavSiri, Semdeg ki – argoselebTan. eleelebs maSin uTanxmoeba hqondaT lakedemonelebTan lepreosis gamo. maT Semdeg argoselTa kavSirSi Sevidnen korinTelebi da Trakiis sanapiros qalkidelebi. beotielebi da megarele bi, Tumca saubrobdnen kavSirSi Sesvlaze, magram saamisod araferi gaukeTebiaT. maTi sazogadoebrivi wyoba lakede monelTa oligarqiul mmarTvelobas ufro uaxlovdeboda, vidre argosis demokratias. 221 Tukidide.indd 221 01.04.2013 14:47:19 daaxloebiT imave dros, imave zafxuls aTenelebma skione aiRes. kacebi daxoces, qalebi da bavSvebi monebad gayides, miwa ki plateel ebs gadasces. delosis mosaxleoba ki, misno bis Tanaxmad, kunZulze daabrunes. fokeelebsa da lokrebs Soris omi daiwyo. korinTelebma da argoselebma tegeas SesTavazes mokav Sireoba. maT imedi hqondaT, rom amiT mTeli peloponesi maT mxareze aRmoCndeboda. magram tegeam ganacxada, rom ar apirebs lakedemonelebTan dapirispirebas. korinTelebma kavSirSi miiwvies agreTve beotielebi, Semdeg ki sTxoves maT, gahyolodnen aTenSi da daxmarebodnen aTdRian daza vebaze xelSekrulebis dadebaSi. amgvari SeTanxmeba aTensa da beotias Soris male daido ormocdaaTwliani mSvidobis Sesaxeb. kavSirSi Sesvlas beotielebi ar Cqarobdnen, isini gahyvnen korinTelebs aTenSi, magram aTdRiani dazaveba ar moxerxda. aTenelebi miiCnevdnen, rom arsebuli xelSekruleba korinTelebzec vrceldeboda, radgan isini lakedemonelTa mokavSireebi iyvnen. amgvarad, korinTelebs, faqtobrivad, aTenelebTan zavi hqondaT xelSekrulebis gareSe. imave zafxuls lakedemonelebma pleistoan aqsis sardlo biT gailaSqres parasiebis miwaze, romlebic mantineelebs hqondaT dapyrobili. ajanyebulma parasiebma lakedemonelebs uxmes. lakedemonelebs aseve surdaT, daengriaT kifseles cixe, romelic lakonias emuqreboda. mantineelebs iq gar nizoni edgaT. mantineelebma ver SeZles misi dacva da ukan gabrundnen. lakedemonelebma ki parasiebs damoukidebloba daubrunes, xolo cixe daangries. imave zafxuls Trakiidan dabrunda brasidasis laSqari. lakedemonelebma gadawyvites, Tavisufleba miecaT helote bisTvis, vinc brasidasis sardlobiT ibrZoda, da Caasaxles isini lepreosSi, lakoniisa da elisis sazRvarze. kunZulze tyved Cavardnil spartelebs lakedemonelebma 222 Tukidide.indd 222 01.04.2013 14:47:19 moqalaqis uflebebi SeuzRudes. erTi mxriv, am xalxs maTi ubedurebis gamo ar unda daek arga moqalaqeoba, magram, meore mxriv, lakedemonelebi SiSobdnen, maT saxelmwifo Tanamdebo bebze yofnas saxelmwifo gadatrialeba ar gamoewvia. Tumca, droTa ganmavlobaSi maT uflebebi aRudgines. imave zafxuls dies moqalaqeebma daikaves aTenelTa mokav Sire Tisosi aTonis sanapiroze. marTalia, zafxulSi lakedemonelebma da aTenelebma mSvi doba Sein arCunes, magram mainc arsebobda urTierTundoblo ba, radgan maT ar daubrunebiaT erTmaneTisTvis is punqtebi, romlebic xelSekrulebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. wilisyriT lakedemonelebs pirvelebs unda daebrunebinaT amfipolisi da sxva adgilebi, magram es ar gaukeTebiaT. garda amisa, maT ar aiZules Trakieli mokavSireebi, beotielebi da korinTelebi, xeli moeweraT xelSekrulebaze, Tumca irwmunebodnen, rom Tu es ar moxda, isini aTenelebTan erTad Zalas gamoiy eneb dnen. lakedemonelebma mogvianebiT, sityvierad mainc, mtrad gamoacxades yvela is qveyana, vinc xelSekrulebas droul ad ar moawera xeli. aTenelebi xedavdnen, rom piroba pirobad rCeboda, da lakedemonelebis gulwrfelobaSi eWvi Seepa raT. amitom maT Tavis mxriv ar daabrunes pilosi da imasac nanobdnen, tyveeb i rom gaaTavisufles. maT gadawyvites See narCunebinaT sxva adgilebic, sanam lakedemonelebi imas ar daabrunebdnen, rac xelSekrulebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. lakedemonelebi irwmunebodnen, rom yvelaferi gaakeTes, rac SeeZloT: maT daabrunes tyveebi, gaiyvanes jari Tra kiis sanapirodan da sxv. amfipoliss isini ver daabruneben, radganac ar flobdnen mas. isini mainc ecdebian daiyolion beotielebi da korinTelebi raTa xelSekrulebas xeli moa weron da ecdebian, beotielebs daabrunebinon panaqtosi da aTeneli tyveebi. amasTan, lakedemonelebi iTxovdnen pilosis dabrunebas, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi, iqidan mesenielebisa da 223 Tukidide.indd 223 01.04.2013 14:47:19 helotebis gayvanas. xangrZlivi molaparakebebis Sedegad maT daarwmunes aTenelebi da pilosidan gamosuli mesenielebi da helotebi kraniasa da kefaleniaS i. momdevno zamTars, lakedemonSi, rodesac iq ukve sxva eforebi iyvnen, Cavidnen mokavSireTa, agreTve aTenis, beo tiisa da korinTosis elCebi. xangrZlivi molaparakebebi uSedegod damTavrda. kleobulosma da qsenaresma, eforTa Soris mSvidobis mTavarma mowinaaRmdegeebma, kerZo mola parakebebi daiwyes beotielebTan da korinTelebTan. isini urCevdnen beotielebs, korinTelebTan erTad Sesuliyvnen argosis kavSirSi, xolo Semdeg daerwmunebinaT argoselebi, SemoerTebodnen lakedemonis kavSirs. am gziT, beotiele bi daixsnidnen Tavs atikur xelSekrulebasTan mierTebis valdebulebisgan. lakedemonelebs argosTan megobroba da kavSiri erCiaT, vidre aTenTan. argosTan mtkice mSvidoba maT peloponesis gareT omis warmoebis saSualebas miscemda. amasTan, eforebi sTxovdnen beot ielebs, gadaec aT maTTvis panaqtosi, raTa is pilosze gaecvalaT da Semdeg ufro Tama mad ganeaxlebinaT omi aTenelebTan. aseTi winadadebebi wauRes beotielma da korinTelma elCebma sakuTar mTavrobebs. ukana gzaze maT argosis mTavro bis warmomadgenlebi Sexvdnen, romlebic beotielebs maTTan kavSirSi Sesvlas sTxovdnen. am SemTxvevaSi isini ufro iolad SeZlebdnen omsac da mSvidobis damyarebasac lakedemonTan an nebismier sxva qveyanasTan. beotielebs es winadadeba moe wonaT, radgan igi Tanxvdeboda lakedemonel megobarTa rCe vasac. Sin dabrunebis Semdeg elCebma moaxsenes beotarqebs am winadadebebis Sesaxeb. beotarqebi sixaruliT daTanxmdnen argosTan kavSirze, radgan lakedemoneli megobrebic amis momxreeb i iyvnen. beotiuri kavSiris sabWoebma, visac am mxareSi xelisuf leba ekuTvnoda, es winadadeba ar moiwones. sabWos wevrebs 224 Tukidide.indd 224 01.04.2013 14:47:19 lakedemonelTa ganawyenebis eSinodaT, xolo beotarqebma maT saidumlo molaparakebis Sesaxeb ar acnobes. amdenad, es wamowyeba CaiSala. korinTeli da Trakieli elCebi Sin gabrundnen, xolo beotarqebs argosisaTvis kavSiri aRar SeuTavazebiaT. imave zamTars, olinTelebma moulodneli TavdasxmiT daikaves mekiberna, sadac aTenelTa garnizoni idga. aTenelebi agrZelebdnen molaparakebas lakedemonelebTan dakavebuli punqtebis gacvlis Taobaze. lakedemonelebma elCebi gagzavnes beotiaSi da panaqtosisa da aTeneli tyve ebis dabruneba moiTxoves, raTa sanacvlod pilosi mieRoT. beotielebi uarze iyvnen daeTmoT simagre, Tu lakedemone lebi maTTan xelSekrulebas ar dadebdnen. lakedemonelebs mSvenivrad esmodaT, rom amis ufleba ar hqondaT, magram pilosis dabruneba surdaT, Tanac aTenTan mSvidobis mowi naaRmdegeebi eswrafvodnen beotiasTan kavSirs. bolos, zam Tris dasasruls, lakedemonelebma mainc dades xelSekruleba beotielebTan. beotielebma ki panaqtosis dangreva daiwyes. ase dasrulda omis meTerTmete weli. gazafxulze argosSi gaiges panaqtosis dangrevisa da lakedemonelebis beotielebTan kavSiris Sesaxeb. beotiel Ta elCebi ki ar Candnen. argoselebs SeeSindaT, rom martoni darCebodnen da yvela mokavSire lakedemonelTa mxareze gadainacvlebda. isini fiqrobdnen, rom lakedemonelebma beotielebi daiyolies aTenelebTan kavSirze da argoselebs aTenelebTan kavSiric ki aRar gamouvidodaT. aqamde imedov nebdnen, rom mxareTa urTierTundoblobis gamo erT-erTTan kavSiri garantirebuli hqondaT. axla ki es imedi gauqar wyldaT da amitom gadawyvites lakedemonelebTan elCebis gagzavna. adre lakedemonelebTan kavSiri ar surdaT, radgan peloponesSi batonobaze ocnebobdnen, magram Seqmnil mdgo mareob aSi es mSvidobis erTaderTi gza iyo. 225 Tukidide.indd 225 01.04.2013 14:47:19 lakedemonSi Casulma elCebma samSvidobo molaparake bebi daiwyes. pirvel rigSi, maT moiTxoves sasazRvro davis gadawyveta saSuam avlo sasamarTlos meSveobiT. lakedemone lebma es winadadeba uaryves da argoselebs xelSekrulebis Zveli pirobebiT gagrZeleba SesTavazes. bolos SeTanxmdnen, daedoT, sul cota, ormocdaaTwliani zavi, Tumca mxareebi uflebas itovebdnen, sadavo miwis bedi iaraRiT gadaewyvi taT. elCebi Sin gabrundnen, raTa SeTanxmebis proeqti saxal xo krebisTvis waredginaT da, misi damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi, dabrunebuliyvnen lakedemonSi hiakinTiebze. sanam argoselebTan molaparakebebi midioda, lakedemonel ma elCebma, romlebsac panaqtosi da aTenelTa tyveeb i aTe nelTaTvis unda gadaecaT, aRmoaCines, rom panaqtosi ukve dangreul i iyo. Tebelebi Tavs imiT imarTlebdnen, rom Zveli SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, am miwaze aravin ar unda dasaxlebuliyo. elCebma aTeneli tyveeb i aTenelebs gadasces da maT panaq tosis dangrevis Sesaxeb auwyes. maTi azriT, es adgilic dab runebulad iTvleboda, radgan iq mteri aRar imyofeboda. am sityvebma aTenelTa ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. isini miiCnevdnen, rom lakedemonelebi veragulad moiqcnen, rodesac cixis dan greva dauSves. garda amisa, aTenelebma Seityves beotielebTan separatiul i xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb. maT xelSekrulebis sxva darRvevebic gaixsenes da elCebi ukan gaistumres. mSvidobis mowinaaRmdegeebma aTenSi xelSekrulebis dar Rvevaze daiwyes laparaki. maT Soris mTavari alkibiadesi iyo, axalgazrda kaci, romelic Tavisi warmomavlobis gamo ukve didi pativiscemiT sargeblobda. is siamayisa da Seuracxyo fili pativmoyvareobis gamo mSvidobis mowinaaRmdege iyo da argosTan kavSiri erCia – lakedemonelebi xom molaparakebas nikiasTan da laqetesTan awarmoebdnen, igi ki ugulebelyves. alkibiadesi Tavidan mSvidobis winaaRmdeg gamodioda da ambobda, rom lakedemonelTa ndoba ar SeiZleba: isini jer 226 Tukidide.indd 226 01.04.2013 14:47:19 aTenelTa daxmarebiT apireben argoselTa Semusvras, Sem deg ki TviT aTenelebze Tavdasxmas. rodesac aTenelebsa da lakedemonelebs Soris kamaTi daiwyo, man piradad gagzavna Sikriki argosSi da urCia maT mantineasa da elisis elCebTan erTad aTenSi Camosvla da kavSiris Txovna. rodesac argoselebma Seityves, rom beotielebisa da lake demonelebis kavSiri aTenelTa Tanxmobis gareSe daido, maT, miuxedavad imisa, rom lakedemonelebTan molaparakebebi hqondaT, aTens mimarTes. isini miiCnevdnen, rom aTeni maTi Zveli megobaria, maTi msgavsi demokratiuli wyobiT da, Tu saqme omamde mividoda, maT zRvaze daexmareboda. argose lebis elCebs eleelebi da matineelebic SeuerTdnen. imave dros aTenSi Camovidnen lakedemoneli elCebic, romlebsac aTenis argosTan kavSiri unda aecilebinaT Tavidan, pilosis panaqtosze gacvla moeTxovaT da aTenelebisTvis aexsnaT, rom beotielebTan kavSiri maT winaaRmdeg ar iyo mimarTuli. xuTasis sabWoze elCebma gadawyvites, rom uflebamosilni iyvnen gadaewyvitaT sadavo sakiTxebi. alkibiadesi SeSfoTda, am gancxadebiT elCebma saxalxo kreba ar miimxron da argosTan kavSiri ar CaSalono da eSmakobas mimarTa: is elCebs dapirda, rom daexmareboda pilosis dabrunebasa da sxva amocanebis gadaWraSi, Tu isini saxalxo krebaze Tavis uflebamosilebas ar axsenebdnen. alkibiadess undoda, elCebi nikiasisgan Camo eSorebina da elCebis diskreditaciis gziT saxalxo krebaze kavSiri daedo argosTan, elisTan da mantineasTan. asec moxda. rodesac elCebma uaryves sakuTari uflebamosileba, aTene lebi gabrazdnen. isini elCebs yuradRebas aRar aqcevdnen da mxolod lakedemonelebis mlanZRav alkibiadess usmendnen. xalxi mzad iyo moewvia argoselebi da kavSiri daedo. magram uSualod gadawyvetilebis miRebis win miwisZvra moxda da kreba gadaido. nikiasic daabnia elCebis mier maTi uflebamosilebis uar 227 Tukidide.indd 227 01.04.2013 14:47:19 yofam, magram meore dRes is gamovida saxalxo krebaze, daicva lakedemonelebTan kavSiris aucilebloba da maT argose lebTan molaparakebis gadadebisken mouwoda. man SesTavaza, kvlav gaegzavnaT elCebi lakedemonSi viTarebis gasarkvevad. amasTan, nikiasi miiCnevda, rom omis gadadeba aTenelTaTvis ufro xelsayreli iyo, vidre mowinaaRmdegisTvis. aTenelebs, rac SeiZleba didxans unda SeenarCunebinaT Tavisi mdgoma reoba, damarcxebul lakedemonelebs ki omi surdaT. nikias ma daarwmuna aTenelebi, gaegzavnaT elCebi, maT Soris TviT nikiasic, im moTxovniT, rom lakedemonelebs aRedginaT da daebrunebinaT panaqtosi, amfipolisi da uari eTqvaT beoti elebTan kavSirze, Tu isini ar SeuerTdebodnen samSvidobo xelSekrulebas. lakedemonSi Casulma elCebma gadasces aTenelTa danabare bi da ganacxades, rom, Tu lakedemonelebi am pirobebs ar Seas ruleben, aTenelebi argoselebTan dadebdnen xelSekrulebas. qsenaresis da mis TanamoazreTa waqezebiT, lakedemonelebma uari Tqves daerRviaT beotiasTan kavSiri, magram nikiasis TxovniT, daTanxmdnen daedasturebinaT Tavisi erTguleba xelSekrulebisadmi. nikiasis uSedego elCobis Semdeg, nawyenma aTenelebma aswliani zavi da samxedro kavSiri dades argosTan, mantineasa da elisTan. miuxedavad amisa, xelSekruleba lakedemonelebsa da aTenelebs Soris arc erT mxares ar daurRvevia. korin Telebi, miuxedavad argoselebTan kavSirisa, ar SeerTebian am xelSekrulebas da, faqtobrivad, isev lakedemonelTa mxareze gadavidnen. im zafxuls Catarda olimpiuri TamaSebi, romelzedac arkadielma androsTenesma pirveli gamarjveba moipova Widao basa da krivSi. eleelebma lakedemonelebi ar dauSves taZarSi, radgan maT ar gadaixades olimpiuri dazavebis darRvevisaT vis dawesebuli jarima. 228 Tukidide.indd 228 01.04.2013 14:47:19 olimpiuri zeimis mere argoselebi korinTosSi Cavidnen. iqve iyvnen lakedemoneli elCebic. xangrZlivi molaparake bebi uSedegod dasrulda. Semdeg zamTars Tesaliel ebma daamarcxes traqiniis herak leelebi, herakleas lakedemoneli mmarTveli brZolaSi dae ca. ase dasrulda zamTari da omis meTormete weli. momdevno zafxulis dasawyisSi beotielebma heraklea daikaves. maT eSinodaT, qalaqi aTenelebs ar CavardnodaT xelSi, sanam lakedemonelebi peloponesis problemebiT iyvnen dakavebuli. beot ielTa am saqcielma lakedemonelebi Zalian gaaRiziana. imave zafxuls alkibiadesi hoplitebisa da mSvildosanTa razmiT peloponesSi Cavida. adgilobrivi mokavSireeb is daxma rebiT, igi Seudga kavSiris saqmeebis mogvarebas. man daiT anxma petras moqalaqeebi, aeSenebinaT grZeli kedlebi zRvamde. mas undoda aego cixe rias koncxze aqaiaS i. magram korinTelebma, sikionelebma da sxvebma, visac es simagre safrTxes Suqmnida, amis saSualeba ar misces. imave zafxuls daiwyo omi argossa da epidavross Soris. amis sababad iqca epidavrelTa uari dadgenili Sesawiri gaeg zavnaT apolonis taZarSi. amis gareSec alkibiadesi da argo selebi apirebdnen epidavrosis mimxrobas maTi kavSirisadmi, raTa korinTosis neitraliteti uzrunveleyoT da aTenel TaTvis argosSi misasvleli umoklesi gza gaexsnaT. daaxloebiT am dros lakedemonelebma mefe agisis sar dlobiT gailaSqres levqtraze. aravin icoda, zustad saiT midiodnen. magram sazRvarze msxverplSewirva araxelsayreli gamodga da lakedemonelebi Sin dabrundnen. mokavSireebs ki ubrZanes, mzad yofiliyvnen dorielTa wminda Tvis – kar neiosis dasasrulisTvis. lakedemonelTa wasvlis Semdeg argoselebi SeiWrnen epidavrosis miwaze da qveynis rbeva daiwyes. epidavrosma mokavSireebs uxmo, magram wminda Tvis 229 Tukidide.indd 229 01.04.2013 14:47:19 gamo zogma daxmarebaze uari Tqva, zogic sazRvramde mivida da iq gaCerda. am dros mantineaSi aTenelTa miwveviT sxvadasxva qveynis elCebi Seikribnen. molaparakebis dros korinTelebma ganacx ades, rom sanam isini mSvidobaze TaTbiroben, epidavrosi da argosi erTmaneTs ebrZvian. pirvel rigSi, unda gaegzavnaT warmomadgenlebi adgilze da mieRwiaT omis SewyvetisTvis, xolo Semdeg gaegrZelebinaT molaparakeba. kreba daeT anxma maT, gagzavnes warmomadgenlebi epidavrosSi da argoselebi daarwmunes, ukan daexiaT. Semdeg elCebi isev mantineaSi Seik ribnen, magram ver SeZles molaparakeba da argoselebma kvlav Seuties epidavross. lakedemonelebma ki kariasze gailaSqres. magram msxverplSewirva sazRvarze isev araxelsayreli gamod ga da lakedemonelebi ukan dabrundnen. aTenelebma argoss alkibiadesi da aTasi hopliti miaSveles, magram rodesac gaiges, rom lakedemonelTa laSqroba dasrulebuli iyo, TviTonac ukan dabrundnen. momdevno zamTars lakedemonelebma, aTenelebisgan faru lad, samasi mebrZoli gagzavnes epidavrosSi. argoselebma es aTenSi gaasaCivres da mosTxoves pilosSi mesenielebisa da helotebis gagzavna. alkibiadesis winadadebiT, aTenelebma lakonur stelas akropolisze miaweres, rom lakedemoneleb ma fici daarRvies, amis Semdeg pilosSi gaagzavnes helotebi, raTa maT lakonia eZarcvaT. sxva mtruli moqmedebebi ki ar ganuxorcielebiaT. argosisa da epidavrosis omi zamTarSic grZeldeboda, magram namdvil brZolamde saqme ar misula. gazafxulis dam degs argoselebma ieriSi miitanes epidavrosze, magram ver moaxerxes qalaqis aReba. ase dasrulda omis mecamete weli. lakedemonelebi xedavdnen, rom epidavroseli mokavSire ebi mZime mdgomareobaSi iyvnen, xolo sxva peloponeselebi an ganudgnen maT, an meryeobdnen. maSin maT gadawyvites, mieRoT 230 Tukidide.indd 230 01.04.2013 14:47:19 gadamWreli zomebi da zafxulSi mefe agisis sardlobiT didi laSqriT daiZrnen argosis winaaRmdeg. laSqrobaSi monawile oba miiRes tegeel ebmac da arkadielebmac. danarCeni mokavSi reeb i fleiu ntSi Seikribnen: beot iidan Camovida xuTi aTasi hopliti da amdenive msubuqad Seia raRebuli qveiTi, xuTasi mxedari TiTo qveiTis TanxlebiT, korinTosidan – ori aTasi hopliti, sxva qveynebidan – vinc ramdeni SesZlo. argoselebma Seityves lakedemonelTa samzadisis Sesaxeb da laSqari Sekribes. maT SeuerTdnen mantineelebi mokavSi reebTan erTad da sami aTasi hopliti elisidan. argoselebi lakedemonelebs arkadiaSi Sexvdnen, sadac orive jari bor cvebze ganlagda. argoselebs undodaT lakedemonelebTan SebrZoleba, sanam isini mokavSireebs SeuerTdebodnen, magram agisma RamiT ayara laSqari da fleiu ntisken wavida. gamTeni isas argoselebma naxes, rom mteri wavida da jer argosisken daiZrnen, Semdeg ki nemeis gzaze gadainacvles, sadac, maTi azriT, mters unda gaevlo. magram agisma ufro rTuli gza airCia. korinTelebi, pelenelebi da fleiuntelebi aseve sxva, ufro cicabo gziT midiodnen. beotiel ebs, megareleb sa da sikionelebs ki ubrZanes, dablobSi nemeis gziT daSve buliyvnen, raTa, Tu argoselebi agisis razmze Tavdasxmas gadawyvetdnen, maTze mxedrebs mietanaT ieriSi. mas mere, rac laSqari amgvarad ganalaga, agisi dablobisaken daiZra da qveynis rbeva daiwyo. amis Sesaxeb rom gaig es, argoselebi dRisiT gamovidnen nemeadan da SeebrZolnen fleiuntelebsa da korinTelebs. beotielebi, megarelebi da sikionelebi nemeis gzas daadgnen, magram argoselebi iq ukve veRar naxes, radgan isini dablobSi daSvebuliyvnen da sabrZolvelad ewyobodnen. lakedemone lebic, Tavis mxriv, sabrZolod gaemzadnen. argoselebi axla mtrebiT iyvnen garSemortymuli. dablobis mxridan maT qala qidan lakedemonelebi Wridnen. borcvis mxridan korinTelebi, 231 Tukidide.indd 231 01.04.2013 14:47:19 fleiuntelebi da pelenelebi uRobavdnen gzas, nemeis mxri dan ki – beotiel ebi, sikion elebi da megarelebi. argoselebs mxedrebi ar hyavdaT, xolo erTaderTi mokavSire, visac cxe nosani jari hyavda, aTenelebi, jer ar iyvnen mosuli. Tumca argoselebi da maTi mokavSireebi mdgomareobas saxifaTod ar miiCnevdnen. piriqiT, fiqrobdnen, rom lakedemonelebs sakuTar qveyanaSi maxeSi gaabamdnen. ori argoseli, Trasi losi da alkifroni mividnen agisTan da sTxoves ar daewyo brZola. maTi TqmiT, argoselebi mzad iyvnen mSvidobianad gadaewyvitaT sadavo sakiTxebi. orive argoseli TviTneburad moqmedebda – maT es ar evalebodaT. agismac maTi winadadeba TviTneburad, sxva sardlebTan molaparakebis gareSe miiR o. man Tavisi gadawyvetileba mxolod erT Tanamdebobis pirs gaacno da dado oTxTviani zavi, ris Semdegac laSqriT ukan dabrunda. lakedemonelebi da mokavSireebi e morCilebodnen brZanebas, magram erTmaneTSi mefes kicxavdnen. maTi azriT, maT mSvenier i SesaZlebloba dakarges. mteri garSemortymu li iyo, maT ki ukan daixies da aseTi didi laSqris Sesabamisi veraferi moimoqmedes. marTlac, aseTi laSqari eladaSi aqamde arasodes Sekrebila. maT SeeZloT ara marto argoselebTan, aramed nebismier sxva mterTan brZolac. es laSqari ki ukan gabrunda da meomrebma agisis wyevliT saxlebisken gaswies. argoselebic, Tavis mxriv, ukmayofiloni iyvnen da adanaSa ulebdnen Tanamemamuleebs, romlebic xalxis daukiTxavad dauzavdnen mters. isinic fiqrobdnen, rom kargi SesaZlebloba dakarges. Trasiloss Caqolva eloda, sakurTxevlisTvis rom ar Seefarebina Tavi. male movida maSveli Zala aTenidan, aTasi hoplitiTa da samasi mxedriT, laqesisa da nikostratosis sardlobiT. Tumca argoselebi dazavebiT ukmayofiloni iyvnen, mainc ar undo daT lakedemonelebTan SeTanxmebis darRveva da aTenelebs sTxoves, ukan gabrunebuliyvnen. magram mantileelTa da ele 232 Tukidide.indd 232 01.04.2013 14:47:19 elTa TxovniT, mainc dauSves isini saxalxo krebaze. aTenelTa elCebma, romelTa Soris alkibiadesic iyo, krebas ganucx ades, rom argoselebs ar hqondaT mokavSireebis Tanxmobis gareSe dazavebis ufleba. mokavSireebic daeT anxmnen da maT erToblivad gailaSqres arkadiis orqomenosis winaaRmdeg. argoselebi maT cota mogvian ebiT SeuerTdnen. mokavSireebma alya Semoartyes qalaqs da cdilobdnen mis ieriSiT aRebas. orqomenoselebi SiSobdnen, rom ver gaZlebdnen maSveli Zalis mosvlamde, amitom danebdnen da argosTan kavSirze daTan xmdnen. maT gadasces mantineel ebs mZevlebi da gaaTavisufles isini, vinc lakedemonelebma maTTan datoves. orqomenosis aRebis Semdeg eleelebi lepreosze laSqrobas iTxovdnen, mantineelebi ki – tegeaze. argoselebma da aTe nelebma mantineelebs dauW ires mxari. nawyeni eleelebi Sin dabrundnen, danarCenebi ki mantineaSi tegeaze Tavdasxmis Tvis moemzadnen. lakedemonelebi isedac sayvedurobdnen agiss, rom man argosi ar aiRo, orqomenosis dacemis Semdeg ki misi dasja moindomes, saxlis dangrevas da asi aTasi draqma jarimis dawesebas upirebdnen. mefem sTxova, es ar eqnaT da aRuTqva, rom Semdeg laSqrobaSi danaSauls gamoisyidda. lakedemonelebma ar dasajes mefe, magram arnaxuli gadawy vetileba miiRes: aTi mrCeveli dauniSnes, vis gareSec mas qveynidan laSqriT gasvla ekrZaleboda. amasobaSi tegeadan sagangaSo cnoba movida: Tu is sas wrafod ar miiRebda daxmarebas, argosis mxareze gadasvla mouwevda. lakedemonelebma saswrafod Sekribes jari da gzas gaudgnen. arkadiel mokavSireebsac ubrZanes tegeasken wasuliyvnen. laSqris erTi meeqvsedi, yvelaze ufrosebi da yvelaze umcrosebi, qveynis dasacavad datoves. danarCenebi ki tegeaSi wavidnen. male movidnen arkadiel i mokavSireeb ic, Semdeg lakedemonelebma korinTelebs, beotielebs, fokie lebsa da lokrebs ubrZanes, wasuliyvnen mantineis olqSi. 233 Tukidide.indd 233 01.04.2013 14:47:19 lakedemonelebi gadavidnen mantineaSi da herakles samloc velosTan dabanakdnen. argoselebma, mteri rom SeniSnes, cicabo ferdobze dabanakdnen da sabrZolvelad gaemzadnen. lakedemonelebi miua xlovdnen maT qvis an Subis srolis manZilze da ukve mzad iyvnen TavdasxmisTvis, rodesac erTma moxucma mebrZolma agiss SesZaxa, rom is borotebis borotebiT mkurnalobas api rebs. igi imas gulisxmobda, rom mefes udroo SeteviT undoda argosidan ukan daxeva gamoesyida. agisma, Tavisi nebiT Tu am SeZaxilis gamo, Secvala gegma da saswrafod ukan daixia. is dabrunda tegeis olqSi da brZana iqidan mdinaris wyali gadaeyvanaT mantineaSi. mantineel ebi da tegeelebi mudmivad omoben am mdinaris gamo, radgan mas ziani moaqvs imisTvis, vis miwazec gaedineba. agiss imedi hqonda, rom argoselebi gai gebdnen amis Sesaxeb da mTidan daeSvebodnen. maSin brZola dablobSi Sedgeboda. argoselebi kvlav gaaoca mtris ukan daxevam, aRar icodnen, ra efiqraT, da erT adgilas idgnen. Semdeg isev usayvedures sardlebs, rom lakedemonelebs was vlis saSualeba misces. sardlebma daiwyes mTidan laSqris Camoyvana da dablobSi dabanakeba. meore dRes argoselebi da mokavSireebi sabrZolvelad daewyvnen. lakedemonelebi mdinaridan sakuTar banaks rom daubrundnen, mtris laSqari dain axes da SeSfoTdnen. mcire Seyovnebis Semdeg isinic gaemzadnen sabrZolvelad. Cveulebi samebr, mefe gascemda brZanebebs. mefe ubrZanebda sardlebs, isini – Tavis asisTavebs, es ukanasknelebi ki – oceulTa meTa urebs. amgvarad, mefis brZanebebi garkveul i wesiT da swrafad aRwevda daniSnulebis adgilas. marcxena frTaze skiritebi idgnen, Semdeg brasidasis TanamebrZolebi, Semdeg danarCeni lakedemonelebi, bolos ki mokavSireebi. mxedrebi orive frTaze hyavdaT. mowinaaR mdeges marjvena frTaze mantineelebi edgaT, radgan brZo 234 Tukidide.indd 234 01.04.2013 14:47:19 la maT miwaze xdeboda, Semdeg arkadielebi, aTasi rCeuli argoseli, romlebic bavSvobidan saxelmwifos xarjze euf lebodnen samxedro saqmes, Semdeg danarCeni argoselebi da maTi mokavSireebi, bolos marcxena frTaze aTenelebi idgnen Tavis mxedrebTan erTad. ase ganlagdnen mowinaaRmdegeebi. ricxobrivi upiratesoba, albaT, lakedemonelTa mxareze iyo, Tumca meomarTa zusti ricxvis dadgena ar SemiZlia arc calkeul razmebSi da arc – mTlianad. lakedemonelebTan yvelaferi gasaidumolebulia, sxva xalxebis jaris raodenoba ki SeiZleba trabaxis gamo gada Warbebuli iyos. magram mainc SeiZleba garkveuli warmodgena SeviqmnaT lakedemonelTa jaris raodenobaze. am brZolaSi eqvsasi skiritis garda maT hyavdaT Svidi razmi. TiToSi oTxi aseuli, xolo aseulSi – oTxi oceuli. TiToeul oceulSi, pirvel rigSi oTxi kaci idga. mwyobris siRrme ki sardlebze iyo damokidebuli, saSualod is rva kacs Seadgenda. frontis mTel xazze oTxas ormocdarva kaci idga, skiritebis garda. brZolis win sardlebma mimarTes Tavis razmebs da gaamxne ves isini. lakedemonelebi ki Tavisi laSqris sxva mebrZolebs simReriT axalisebdnen. maT esmodaT, rom gamocdileba metad daexmareboda maT brZolaSi, vidre sardlebis lamazi sityvebi. brZola daiwyo. argoselebma da maTma mokavSireebma Seu ties mters. lakedemonelebi, piriqiT, nela moZraobdnen fleitebis xmaze. musika maT exmareboda, rom nabijis sim wyobre SeenarCunebinaT, rac mniSvnelovania didi laSqris gadaadgilebis dros. manam, sanam xelCarTuli brZola gaimarTeboda, mefe agiss aseTi ram moafiqrda: Cveulebriv, laSqris TiToeu li danayofi Tavdasxmisas igrZelebs marjvena frTas da cdilobs marjvena frTiT garemoicvas mowinaaRmdegis mar cxena frTa. yoveli mebrZoli cdilobs marjvniv mdgomi mezoblis fariT dafaros Tavisi daucveli nawili. is ufro 235 Tukidide.indd 235 01.04.2013 14:47:19 usafrTxod grZnobs Tavs, rac ufro mWidrod dgas rigi. amas iwyebs marjvena frTaze pirvel rigSi mdgomi mebrZoli. is inacvlebs marjvniv, raTa aaridos daucavi nawili metoqes. igive xifaTi danarCenebsac ubiZgebs, mas mibaZon. amjeradac mantineelebma Semouares flangidan skiritebis xazs, xolo lakedemonelebma da tegeel ebma Tavis marjvena frTaze kidev ufro Sors waiwies aTenelTa xazs miRma. agiss misi marcxena frTis garemocvis dacva ubrZana, gaeWimaT fronti marcxena mxares da gasworebodnen mantineelebs. ganTavisuflebul adgilas man ori razmi gadaisrola. agrisi fiqrobda, rom amiT misi marjvena frTa mainc ar dasustdeboda, xolo mar cxena gaZlierdeboda. agisma es brZaneba bolo momentSi gasca, rodesac Seteva ukve dawyebuli iyo. aristoklesma da hiponoidasma uari Tqves am manevris Sesrulebaze. momavalSi maT es uari simxdaled CauTvales da spartidan gandevnes. amasobaSi mtris Seteva ufro adre daiwyo, vidre mefe elo da. skiritebma ori razmis daklebis gamo ver moaswres adgil ze dabruneba da sicarielis Sevseba. xelCarTuli brZoliT mantineel ebma ukuaqcies lakedemoneli skiritebi da brasi dasis mebrZolebi, Semdeg mantineelebi da rCeuli argoseli meomrebi SeiWrnen mowinaaRmdegis rigebSi. maT moimwyvdies mteri, daxoces gaqceulebi da sdies daRlamde. am flangze lakedemonelebi marcxdebodnen, magram sxvagan, gansakuTre biT centrSi, sadac agisi iyo Tavisi samasi mxlebliT, lake demonelebma warmatebas miaRwies. frontis am monakveTze argoselebs da maT mokavSireebs ukan daxeva mouwiaT. amasobaSi lakedemonelTa da tegeelTa marjvena frTam daiwyo aTenelTa garemocva. aTenelebs ori mxridan daemuqraT safrTxe. erTi mxridan maT gars uvlid nen, meore mxare ki ganadgurebuli iyo. aTenelebi did msx verpls mxolod mxedrebma gadaarCines. amasobaSi agisi Tavis 236 Tukidide.indd 236 01.04.2013 14:47:19 marcxena frTas miexmara. aTenelebma ki moaxerxes mSvidad ukan daxeva. mantineelebi da argoselTa rCeuli razmi aRar fiqrobdnen Setevaze. rodesac maT dainaxes, rom danarCeni razmebi ganadgurebuli iyo da mteri maT utevda, ukan daxe va daiwyes. amasTan, mantineelebma didi danakargi ganicades. argoselebi ki, ZiriTadad, gadarCnen. devna didxans ar gag rZelebula. rogorc wesi, lakedemonelebi gamarjvebamde medgrad ibrZvian, magram Semdeg mters ukan aRar misdeven. aseTi iyo udidesi brZola elinTa umniSvnelovanes qvey nebs Soris. lakedemonelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes, saWurveli ahyares daRupul mters, xolo Tavisi daRupu lebi tegeaSi dakrZales. dazavebis Semdeg mowinaaRmdegeebs daubrunes daRupulebi. brZolaSi daiRupa Svidasi argoseli, orasi mantineeli da orasi aTeneli, maT Soris orive sarda li. lakedemonelTa mokavSireeb is danakargi ki umniSvnelo iyo. TviT lakedemonelTa Sesaxeb simarTlis dadgena Znelia. amboben, rom maT samasi kaci dakarges. am dros lakedemonelTa meore mefe, pleistoanaqsi Tavi sianebis dasaxmareblad midioda. gzad man Seityo gamarjve bis Sesaxeb da ukan gabrunda. lakedemonelebma daiTxoves mokavSireeb i da TviTonac Tavis qveyanaSi dabrundnen. erTi gamarjvebiT maT Zveli dideba aRidgines. am brZolamde erTi dRiT adre epidavroselebi SeiWrnen daucvel argosSi. brZolis Semdeg mantineel ebTan sami aTasi eleeli hopliti da aTasi aTeneli mividnen. sanam lakedemo nelebi zeimobdnen, mokavSireebma epidavrosze gail aSqres da qalaqis garSemo saalyo kedlis ageba daiwyes. mokavSireebma male Sewyvites muSaoba da mxolod aTenelebma daasrules maTi nawilis ageba koncxze, heras samlocvelos maxloblad. agebul simagreSi mokavSireebma dacva datoves da TviTon Sin gabrundnen. ase dasrulda zafxuli. zamTris dasawyisSi, dResaswaulebis dasrulebis Semdeg, 237 Tukidide.indd 237 01.04.2013 14:47:19 lakedemonelebi salaSqrod wavidnen. tegeadan maT argose lebs samSvidobo winadadebebi gaugzavnes. argosSi adrec iyvnen lakedemonelTa momxreebi, romlebic demokratiis damxobaze ocnebobdnen. warumatebeli brZolis Semdeg maT ufro iolad daiy olies xalxi mSvidobaze. xangrZlivi mola parakebebis Semdeg, romlebsac alkibiadesic eswreboda, lakedemonelTa momxreebma daarwmunes xalxi, daedoT sam Svidobo xelSekruleba. xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg lakedemonelTa laSqari Sin dabrunda, xolo molaparakebebi gagrZelda. imave jgufma, vinc samSvidobo xelSekruleba dado, mantineel ebTan, elee lebTan da aTenelebTan kavSiris darRvevas da aTenelebTan ormocdaaTwliani samokavSireo xelSekrulebis dadebas miaRwia. am xelSekrulebiT lakedemonelebma da argoselebma moagvares Tavisi sadavo sakiTxebi. axla isini erToblivad moqmedebdnen. gadawyvites, ar mieRoT aTenelTa elCebi da macneebi, Tu aTenelebi ar datovebdnen peloponess. orive qveyanam gagzavna elCoba Trakiul qveynebSi da perdikasTan, raTa isini maT kavSirs SeerTebodnen. perdikam gadawyvita aTenelebisTvis argoselTa msgavsad eRalata. mokavSireeb ma qalkidelebTan Zveli xelSekruleba ganaaxles da dades axali. argoselebma elCebi gagzavnes aTenSi da epidavrosTan cixis datoveba moiTxoves. aTenelebma demosTenesi gagzavnes razmis gamosayvanad. SemdgomSi aTenelebma ganaaxles xelSek ruleba epidavroselebTan da cixe maT gadasces. argosis kavSiridan gamosvlis Semdeg mantinea erTxans kidev uwevda winaaRmdegobas lakedemonelebs, magram bolos masac mouwia dazaveboda da uari eTqva damorCilebul qvey nebze. lakedemonelebma jer sikionSi daamyares oligarqi uli mmarTveloba, Semdeg ki Tavis argosel mokavSireebTan erTad bolo mouRes demokratias argosSi. ase dasrulda omis meToTxmete weli. 238 Tukidide.indd 238 01.04.2013 14:47:19 momdevno zafxuls aTonelma dioselebma uRalates aTene lebs da qalkidelTa mxareze gadavidnen, xolo lakedemone lebma aqaiaSi maTTvis sasurveli saxelmwifo wyoba daamyares. amasobaSi argosSi xalxma Zala moikriba da oligarqebs Tavs daesxa. quCis brZolebSi xalxma gaimarjva. oligarqi is momxreebi daxoces an gandevnes. oligarqebma saSvelad lakedemonelebs uxmes. maT ki dResaswaulis gamo daxmareba daugvianes. tegeaSi misulma lakedemonelebma gaig es oligar qebis marcxis Sesaxeb da, ltolvilTa Txovnis miuxedavad, ukan gabrundnen. mogvianebiT argoselTa orive dajgufebis elCebi lakedemonSi Cavidnen. xangrZlivi ganxilvis Semdeg lakedemonelebma gamarjvebuli partia daadanaSaules da argosis dalaSqvra gadawyvites, magram laSqrobis momzade ba gaWianurda. amasobaSi, lakedemonelTa SiSiT, argoselebi kvlav aTenTan kavSirisken gadaixarnen. maT daiwyes grZeli kedlebis mSenebloba zRvamde, raTa xmeleTidan maTi bloka dis SemTxvevaSi aTenelebs zRviT miewodebinaT sursaTi. yvela mSeneblobaze gavida, aTenelebma ki maT xelosnebi miaSveles. momdevno zamTars lakedemonelebma gaig es kedlebis mSe neblobis Sesaxeb da mokavSireebTan erTad argosze gailaS qres. laSqrobas agisi sardlobda. misi imedi qalaqSi myofi momxreebis daxmarebaze ar gamarTlda, magram mainc moaxerxes mSenebare kedlis dangreva. maT daikaves erTi cixe da daxoces tyved Cavardnili moqalaqeebi. Semdeg lakedemonelebi ukan gabrundnen. argoselebma ki gailaSqres fleiuntze, radgan maTi devnilebis umravlesobas iq hqonda Tavi Sefarebuli. maT daarbies qveyana da ukan dabrundnen. imave zamTars aTenelebma eskadra gagzavnes makedoniis sanapiros blokadisaTvis. isini sayvedurobdnen perdikas lakedemonelebTan kavSirs da amfipolisis winaaRmdeg laS qrobis CaSlas. ase dasrulda omis meTxuTmete weli. Semdeg zafxuls alkibiadesi oci xomaldiT argosSi gaem 239 Tukidide.indd 239 01.04.2013 14:47:20 gzavra. man daatyveva samasi argoseli, visac lakedemonelTa TanagrZnobaSi adanaSaulebdnen, da isini erT-erT kunZulze gadaiyvana. Semdeg aTenelebma gailaSqres melosis winaaRmdeg. lakedemonelTa es axalSeni, sxva kunZulebisgan gansxvavebiT, ar emorCileboda aTenelebs. Tavidan meloselebi neitrali tetis dacvas cdilobdnen. magram saqme aSkara omamde mivida. aTenelebi kunZulze gadasxdnen da elCebi gaugzavnes melo selebs mosalaparakeblad. meloselebma elCebi ar dauSves saxalxo krebaze da mTavrobasTan molaparakeba SesTavazes. xangrZlivi molaparakebebi uSedegod dasrulda. radgan meloselebs arafris daTmoba ar surdaT, aTenelebma saomari moqmedebebi daiwyes. maT gaanawiles samuSaoebi mokavSireTa Soris da qalaqs saalyo kedeli Semoavles. imave dros argoselebi Tavs daesxnen fleiuntis olqs, magram maxeSi moyvnen da oTxmoci kaci dakarges. aTenelTa garnizonma pilosSi didi nadavli moipova. sanac vlod lakedemonelebma saomari moqmedebebi daiwyes, Tumca xelSekrulebaze uari ar uTqvamT. maT neba misces nebismier lakedemonels, moewyo yaCaRuri Tavdasxmebi aTenelebze. Semdeg korinTelebma omi daiwyes aTenTan, danarCeni pelo poneselebi ki mSvidobas inarCunebdnen. meloselebi RamiT Tavs daesxnen aTenelTa saalyo kedels, mokles ramdenime kaci da gaitaces sursaTi. amis Semdeg aTe nelebma kedelze ufro mkacri dacva daaweses. ase dasrulda zafxuli. momdevno zamTars lakedemonelebi gaemzadnen argosze salaSqrod, magram sazRvarze msxverplSewirva araxelsayreli aRmoCnda da ukan dabrundnen. argoselebma lakedemonelTa gadaadgilebis gamo eWvi miitanes zog moqalaqeze da isini daatyveves. daaxloebiT amave dros meloselebma moaxerxes saalyo kedlis sxva nawilis dakaveba. amis Semdeg aTenelebma moalyeebs maSveli Zalebi gaugzavnes. axla aTenelebi energi 240 Tukidide.indd 240 01.04.2013 14:47:20 ulad agrZelebdnen alyas. qalaqSi Ralati momwifda. melo selebi danebdnen. aTenelebma daxoces kacebi, xolo qalebi da bavSvebi monebad aqcies. SemdegSi maT xuTasi kolonisti gagzavnes kunZulze. 241 Tukidide.indd 241 01.04.2013 14:47:20 meeqvse wigni im zamTars aTenelebma gadawyvites kidev erTxel, amjerad ufro didi ZalebiT, laqetesisa da evrimedonis sardlobiT daelaSqraT sicilia da, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda, daepyroT kunZuli. siciliis zomasa da mosaxleobis raodenobaze maT warmodgenac ar hqondaT, ar egonaT, rom iwyebdnen iseTsave rTul oms, rogoric peloponesisa iyo. siciliis garSemo savaWro xomaldiT mgzavrobas rva dRe sWirdeba. amasTan, kunZuli xmeleTidan mxolod oci stadioniTaa daSorebuli. uZvelesi droid an kunZulze sxvadasxva xalxi cxovrobda. gadmocemiT, misi uZvelesi mosaxleoba kiklopebi da lestri gonebi iyvnen. vin iyvnen isini warmoSobiT, saidan movidnen da sad wavidnen, verafers getyviT, amitom poetebis naambobs unda davjerdeT. maT Semdeg kunZulze, rogorc Cans, sika nebi dasaxldnen. isini Tavs mkvidr mosaxleobad miiCneven, magram sinamdvileSi warmoSobiT iberiel ebi arian. kunZuls adre maTi saxeli erqva – sikania. isini dResac cxovroben kunZulis dasavleTiT. ilionis aRebis Semdeg aq gadmosax ldnen troelebic, mogvianebiT ki – fokidelebi. sikulebi aq italiidan gadmosaxldnen. maT sZlies sikanebs da kunZuls 242 Tukidide.indd 242 01.04.2013 14:47:20 sakuTari saxeli misces. sikulebma elinTa mosvlamde samasi wliT adre kunZulis saukeTeso nawili daikaves da dResac kunZulis Suagulsa da CrdiloeT nawilSi binadroben. maT garda kunZulze gabneulia finikielTa dasaxlebebi. isini sikulebTan savaWrod koncxebsa da napirTan axlos mdeba re patara kunZulebze dasaxldnen. elinTa mosvlis Semdeg finikielebma nawilobriv datoves kunZuli. isini dasaxldnen elimebis mezoblad, saidanac mokle gziT ukavSirdebodnen karTagens. pirveli elinebi siciliaze qalkisidan movidnen. maT daa arses naqsosi da apolons sakurTxeveli auges. momdevno wels korinTelebma daaarses sirakuza, xolo xuTi wlis Semdeg qalkidelebma gail aSqres naqsosidan, gandevnes sikulebi da daafuZnes leontina, mere katana. TandaTanobiT kunZulze mravali berZnuli dasaxleba gaCnda, ZiriTadad, qalkidelTa da dorielTa. ai, amdeni elinuri da barbarosuli xalxi cxovrobda sici liaze da maT dasapyrobad gaemarTnen aTenelebi mokavSireTa dacvis sababiT. egestelebma maT seliuntTan da sirakuzasTan brZolaSi daxmareba sTxoves. isini axsenebdnen aTenelebs maT Zvel kavSirs leontinasTan da im safrTxes, rac maT dae muqrebodaT, Tu doriuli sirakuza mTel sicilias daepat roneboda da peloponess miexmareboda. amasTan, egestelebi mzad iyvnen gaeRoT am omis xarjebi. aTenelebma viTarebis gasarkvevad jer elCebi gagzavnes egestaSi. imave zamTars lakedemonelebma mokavSireebTan erTad argosze gailaSqres, miwa aaoxres da ramdenime uremi mar cvleuli gaitaces. argoseli devnilebi maT orneaSi daa saxles da iq mcire garnizoni datoves. Semdeg dazavdnen da lakedemonelebi Sin dabrundnen. aTenelebma ocdaaTi xomaldi da eqvsasi hopliti gagzav nes argosSi. isini argoselebTan erTad Tavs daesxnen orneas. 243 Tukidide.indd 243 01.04.2013 14:47:20 devnilebi RamiT gaiqcnen, argoselebma ki qalaqi daangries da ukan dabrundnen. aTenelebma meToneSi makedonel devnilTa garkveul rao denobasTan erTad mxedrebi gadasxes da perdikas miwebis rbe vas Seudgnen. lakedemonelebma elCebi gaugzavnes Trakiel qalkidelebs da ubrZanes maT perdikas daxmareba, magram maT uari ganacxades. ase dasrulda omis meTeqvsmete weli. momdevno zafxulis dasawyisSi aTeneli elCebi dabrun dnen siciliidan egestelebTan erTad. maT samoci talanti vercxli Camoitanes samoci xomaldis aRsaWurvad. aTene lebma saxalxo kreba moiwvies. elCebis mimzidveli da mcda ri cnobebis mosmenis Semdeg gadawyda siciliaze eskadris gagzavna. sardlebad SeuzRudavi ZalauflebiT dainiSnen alkibiadesi, nikiasi da lamaqosi. isini unda daxmarebod nen egestas seliuntTan omSi da, Tu saqme kargad wavidoda, daebrunebinaT leontinelebi maT qveyanaSi, sxvafriv ki ise emoqmedaT, rogorc aTenisaTvis sasargeblod miiCnevdnen. xuTi dRis Semdeg kidev moiwvies kreba, romelsac eskadris saswrafod aRWurva unda daedgina. nikiasi, romelic misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod airCies sardlad, am wamowyebas damRupvelad miiCnevda. man ase mimarTa SekrebilT: `es kreba imisTvisaa mowveuli, rom siciliaze laSqrobis samzadisi ganixilos. magram, Cemi azriT, kidev erTxel unda davfiqrdeT, gvWirdeba Tu ara es laSqroba. Cven naCqarevad ar unda gadavwyvitoT aseTi mniSvnelovani saqme. am omSi me sapatio Tanamdeboba meqneba da sakuTar bedze dardi ar momi wevs, Tumca kargi moqalaqe sakuTar sicocxlesa da qonebasac unda afasebdes da, am SemTxvevaSi, samSoblos keTildReoba zec izrunos. me Tqven winaSe Cemi rwmenis sawinaaRmdegod arc adre gamovsulvar mxolod imitom, rom Tanamdeboba da dideba momepovebina. arc axla vizam amas. mxolod imas vityvi, rac saukeTesod mimaCnia. Tqveni ganwyobidan gamomdinare, albaT, 244 Tukidide.indd 244 01.04.2013 14:47:20 azri ara aqvs giTxraT, rom gaurkveveli momavali sargeblis gamo ar Rirs imis safrTxeSi Cagdeba, rac ukve gaqvs. amitom Sevecdebi dagarwmunoT, rom Tqveni aCqareba udrooa, xolo survilebi – Zneli Sesasrulebeli. siciliaSi wasvliT Tqven zurgSi bevr mters itovebT, iq ki axlebs moipovebT. nu gaqvT imedi, rom dadebuli zavi myaria. sanam Tqven axal wamowyebebze uars ambobT, mSvidoba sityvierad mainc arsebobs: swored amas miaRwies rogorc Cvenma, aseve mowinaaRmdegis moRvaweebma. magram warumateb lobis SemTxvevaSi, isini maSinve Semogviteven. maT xom zavis dadeba marcxis Semdeg mouxdaT. TviT xelSekrulebaSic aris sadavo punqtebi. amasTan, zogi qveyana kidev ar SeerTebia am qveyanas. isini an aSkarad gvebrZvian, an jer kidev ara, radgan lakedemonelebi mSvidobas icaven. rogorc ki dain axaven Cveni Zalebis daqsaqsvas, ris gakeTebasac Cven axla vapirebT, Tavs dagvesxmian sicilielebTan erTad. Cven es unda gvaxsovdes, raTa ar CavagdoT qveyana safrTxeSi da ar veswrafvodeT sam flobeloeb is gamravlebas, sanam imas ar ganvimtkicebT, rac ukve gvaqvs. Cven ki amas vapirebT im dros, rodesac Trakiis sanapiroze qalkidelTa amboxeba jer kidev ar aris CaxSobili da zogi mokavSirec ar aris sando. Cven gveCqareba mokavSire ebis daxmareba egestaSi, rodesac TviTon gviWirs. Tu Cven davamarcxebT ajanyebul qalkidelebs, Sevinar CunebT batonobas am mxareSi. Soreuli sicilia misi mraval ricxovani mosaxleobiT romc davimorCiloT, ver movaxerxebT iq batonobis SenarCunebas. ugunurebaa Tavs daesxa qveyanas, romelze batonobasac ver SeinarCuneb gamarjvebis SemTxve vaSic ki, xolo marcxi bevrad daamZimebs Cvens mdgomareobas. Cemi azriT, sicilielebi CvenTvis naklebad saxifaToni gax debian, Tu maT sirakuzelebi daimorCileben. dRes calkeul qveynebs kidev SeuZliaT lakedemonelebis xaTriT CvenTan omi. naklebad savaraudoa, rom erT saxelmwifod gaerTianebuli 245 Tukidide.indd 245 01.04.2013 14:47:20 sicilia Cven dagvipirispirdes. rogorc axla SeeZlebodaT sicilielebs peloponeselebTan kavSirSi Cveni ganadgureba, imave saSualebebiT SeeZlebodaT, albaT, peloponeselebsac maTi batonobis mospoba. sicilieli elinebi Cven gansakuTre biT dagvafasebdnen, Tu saerTod ar mividodiT iq an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, vaCvenebdiT Zalas da swrafad davtovebdiT sici lias. Cven yvelam viciT, rom gaocebs Soreul i, ris Sesaxebac mxolod gagigonia. Tu Cven davmarcxdebiT, isini pativiscemas dakargaven da maSinve Cvens mtrebs SeuerTdebian. swored es dagemarTaT, aTenelebo, lakedemonelebTan mimarTebaSi. adre Tqven maTi geSinodaT, axla ki, rodesac moul odnelad gaimar jveT, aRar eridebiT maT da siciliis dapyrobac ki gindaT. magram SemTxveviTi warmateba TavSi ar unda agvivardes. unda gvaxsovdes, rom lakedemonelebs erTi mizani aqvT – dagvamci ron Cven, raTa gamoisyidon Tavisi damcireba, radgan odiTganve afasebdnen sakuTar didebas. Tu gonierebi viqnebiT, ar vidar debT barbaros egestelTa bedze da vecdebiT, Cveni qveyana oligarqiuli saxelmwifos xrikebisgan davicvaT. Cven sul cota xnis win gavTavisufldiT saSineli Wiris gan, omis ubedurebebisgan da daviwyeT danaklisis aRdgena. saxsrebi jobia aq movixmaroT, vidre am devnilebs SevalioT. litoni sityvebis garda maTgan verafers eRirsebiT. Tu saqme kargad miudiT, umadurebi arian, xolo damarcxebisas Tqvenc gadagiyoleben ufskrulSi. nu miscemT uflebas, qveynis safrTxeSi Cagdebis fasad saxeli gaiTqvas man, visac aRafrTovanebs sardlad arCe va, miuxedavad imisa, rom am TanamdebobisTvis metismetad axalgazrdaa da vinc mogiwodebT salaSqrod mxolod Tavisi piradi gamorCenisaTvis. aseTi xalxi ara mxolod sakuTar qonebas flangavs, aramed qveynisTvisac saxifaToa. saqme metad mniSvnelovania imisTvis, rom umwifar xalxs SeeZlos misi gaZRola. 246 Tukidide.indd 246 01.04.2013 14:47:20 SeSfoTebiT vuyureb mis momxre axalgazrdebs da dabeji TebiT gTxovT ufrosebs: nu daaSinebinebT Tavs, nu ahyvebiT ucxo qveynebis dapyrobis damRupvel vnebas. cnobilia, rom vnebebs ayolili xalxi iSviaTad aRwevs warmatebas. rogorc wesi, gonieri da windaxeduli imarjvebs. samSoblos dasacavad kenWi uyareT mSvidobas. nu SeeWidebiT bunebriv sazRvrebs, romlebic siciliisgan gvyofs. sicilielebma erTmaneTSi moi laparakon. egestelebma rogorc daiwyes omi, iseve izrunon zavze. Cven ar gvWirdeba mokavSire, vinc Cvengan elis daxma rebas, Cven ki arafriT gvadgeba. Sen ki, Tavmjdomarev, Tu ginda keTili moqalaqe iyo, daaye ne kenWisyraze Cemi winadadeba. Tu eWvi gepareba imaSi, dasaS vebia Tu ara xelmeore kenWisyra, gaxsovdes, rom amdeni mowmis winaSe kanonis darRvevas veravin dagwamebs. piriqiT, Tu dam Rupveli gadawyvetilebisgan gadagvarCen, qveynis mkurnali iqnebi~. oratorTa umravlesoba omis momxre da axali kenWisyris mowinaaRmdege iyo. laSqrobas yvelaze TavgamodebiT alkibi adesi moiTxovda. igi saerTodac nikias is politikuri metoqe iyo, axla ki mas nikiasis sityvebic aiZulebda sityviT gamosu liyo da sardlobis survilic. mas imedi hqonda, rom sicili asa da karTagens daipyrobda, riTac didebasa da simdidres moixveWda. alkibiadesi xalxs uyvarda, magram misi cxovrebis wesi, doRis cxenebi da sxva gasarTobebi bevrad met fuls moiTxovda, vidre mas hqonda. misi miswrafebebi da axirebebi ki qveynisTvis sabolood damRupveli aRmoCnda. TandaTanobiT xalxi gaaRizian a misma aRviraxsnilobam. fiqrobdnen, rom igi tiranias eswrafoda. amitom, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi brwyin vale sardali aRmoCnda, Tanamdeboba CamoarTves, sxvebma ki qveyana ucbad daRupes. alkibiadesma xalxs ase mimarTa: `aTenelebo, me sxvaze meti ufleba maqvs, viyo sardali, da mjera, rom vimsaxureb kidec am Tanamdebobas. iZulebuli var 247 Tukidide.indd 247 01.04.2013 14:47:20 ase daviwyo Cemi gamosvla, radgan nikiasi Tavs damesxa. rasac msayveduroben, swored imiT movipoveT me da Cemma winapreb ma saxeli da vemsaxureT samSoblos. olimpiuri TamaSebi saTvis Cemma brwyinvale aRWurvilobam elinebi daarwmuna Cvens Zlier ebaSi maSin, rodesac egonaT, rom omma mTlianad gamogvfita. me Sejibrz e gamoviyvane Svidi etli, rac aqamde arc erT kerZo pirs ar uqnia, da gavimarjve. aseT warmatebas pativiscema moaqvs da Cvens Zlier ebas asabuTebs. meore mxriv, is brwyinvaleba, romliTac me sazogadoebriv valdebule bebs vasruleb, bunebrivia moqalaqeTa Surs iwvevs, magram ucxoelebis TvalSi aseTi siuxve Cveni Zalis dasturia da ar SeiZleba ugunurebad CavuTvaloT xarji mas, vinc ara marto sakuTar Tavs, aramed qveyanasac argebs. gamorCeul i adamianebi sicocxleSi sZulT, sikvdilis Semdeg ki adideben, rogorc samSoblos keTilismyofelebs. amas veswrafvi mec da amitom xdeba salaparako Cemi piradi cxovreba, magram Tqven imaze unda dafiqrdeT, rogor varTmev Tavs sazogadoebriv movaleobebs. gana me ar gavaerTiane peloponesis Zlieri qveynebi lakedemonelTa winaaRmdeg Tqveni danaxarjebisa da safrTxeSi Cagdebis gareSe? marTalia, mantineasTan maT gaimarjves, magram dRemde ver aRudgeniaT sakuTari Zale bis rwmena. me davamyare kavSiri peloponesis Zlier qveynebTan, dip lomatiiTa da TavgamodebiT maTi ndoba movipove. maS, nu Sege SindebaT Cemi axalgazrdobis da, sanam Zala maqvs, gamomiyeneT iseve, rogorc iRbliani nikiasi. nu SecvliT siciliaze laS qrobis gadawyvetilebas. nu SegeSindebaT iq Zlieri metoqis xilvisa. siciliis mravalricxovani mosaxleoba Taviseburi brboa, qveynebi iolad icvlian moqalaqeebs da iReben axlebs. iq samSoblos an Tavis dasacavad aravis aqvs iaraRi da qalaqe bic ar aris daculi. TiToeuli mxolod imis imedad aris, Tu mWevrmetyvelebiT an dajgufebis xelmZRvanelobiT raimes 248 Tukidide.indd 248 01.04.2013 14:47:20 waglejs saxelmwifo xazinas, da mzad aris, marcxis SemTxvevaSi sxvagan wavides. warmoudgenelia, es brbo gaerTiandes didi saqmisTvis. vfiqrob, TiToeuli maTgani siamovnebiT gadmova Cvens mxareze, Tu Cvengan rame sasurvels moismens; miT umetes, rom maT axla Sinaomi aqvT. sirakuzelebsa da sxva elinebsac bevrad naklebi hopliti hyavT, vidre amas TviTon amboben. aseTia saqmis viTareba siciliaze da igi SeiZleba CvenTvis sasikeTod kidev Seicvalos. Cven imedi gvaqvs mravali barba rosisa, romlebsac sirakuzelebi sZulT. aqauri saqmeeb ic ver SeuSlis xels eqspedicias. Cvens mamebs igive mtrebi hyavdaT, romlebzedac gveubnebian, rom maT Cvens zurgSi vtovebT. gar da amisa, unda gvaxsovdes midiis mefec. da mainc, maT Seqmnes didi saxelmwifo, rasac zRvaze batonobiT miaRwies. pelopo neselebs arasodes hqoniaT Cvens winaaRmdeg warmatebis ise mcire imedi, rogorc axla. rasakvirvelia, maT SeuZliaT Tavs daesxan Cvens miwas, kidevac rom ar gavemgzavroT siciliaze. zRvaze ki verafers dagvakleben, radgan aqac sakmao raodeno bis xomaldebs vtovebT. maS, riT gavamarTlebT Cvens yoymans sakuTari Tavisa da sicilieli mokavSireebis winaSe? radgan davpirdiT daxmarebas, piroba unda SevasruloT, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini Cven ar gvexmarebian. Cven maTTan kavSiri imis Tvis ki ar davdeT, rom aq dagvexmaron, aramed imisTvis, rom siciliaze Seak avon Cveni mtrebi. rogorc yvela Zlierma saxelmwifom, Cvenc Zlierebas imi tom mivaRwieT, rom mzad viyaviT yvelgan davxmarebodiT elinebsa da barbarosebs, vinc amas gvTxovda. Tu xels ar gavanZrevT da xangrZliv bWobas daviwyebT imaze, davexmaroT Tu ara vinmes, amiT Cvens Zlierebas ki ar ganvavrcobT, aramed qveyanas davRupavT. Zlier mters unda daaswro Tavdasxma. Cven winaswar ver ganvsazRvravT, ramdenad Sors gavrcel deba Cveni Zalaufleba, magram man ukve im zomas miaRwia, rom erTs unda SevutioT, meore ki SevakavoT. Tu Cven ar viba 249 Tukidide.indd 249 01.04.2013 14:47:20 tonebT sxvebze, mogviwevs ucxos davmorCildeT. amitom Cvens umoqmedobas nu gavamarTlebT sxvisi magaliTiT, Tu ar gvinda Cveni mdgomareobac Seicvalos. radgan gvaqvs imedi, rom siciliaze TavdasxmiT Cvens Zalauflebas gavzrdiT, nu gadavdebT laSqrobas. amiT Cven vaCvenebT peloponeselebs, rom ar vkmayofildebiT miRweuliT. Tu gavimarjvebT da kun Zuls davikavebT, mTeli eladis batonebi gavxdebiT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cven davasustebT sirakuzelebs, es ki, rogorc Cveni, ise Cveni mokavSireebis interesebSia. floti Cvens usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs rogorc warmatebis, aseve ukan daxevis SemTxvevaSi. zRvaze upiratesoba gveqneba, mTeli siciliac rom gaerTiandes Cven winaaRmdeg. nu SegaCerebT nikias is sityvebi, romelic umoqmedobisa da TaobaTa Soris SuRlisken mogiwodebT. Cveni mamebis msgavsad, romlebic erTad iRebdnen gadawyvetilebebs da amitomac aiyvanes Cve ni qveyana dRevandel simaRlemde, scadeT urTierTgagebiT kidev ufro ganadidoT igi. gaxsovdeT, rom axalgazrdoba da sibere erTmaneTis gareSe uZlurni arian. axalgazrduli silaRis, zomierebisa da zusti gaTvlis swori Sezaveba gan sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saxelmwifo saqmeebSi. Tu qveya na umoqmedod darCeba, sxva nebismieri organizmis msgavsad gamoifiteba, yovelgvari codna da xelovneba daikargeba. brZolaSi ki is gamocdilebas daagrovebs da mieCveva Tavis dacvas ara mxolod sityviT, aramed saqmiT. me darwmunebuli var, umoqmedobas miuCveveli saxelmwifo swored umoqmedo bisgan SeiZleba daiRupos. vfiqrob, yvelaze usafrTxod is cxovrobs, vinc politikaSi Zvel Cvevaze uars ar ambobs~. misma sityvam da sicilielTa Txovnam xalxs kidev ufro ganumtkica miRebuli gadawyvetileba. nikiasi xedavda, rom Zveli dasabuTebis gameorebiT xalxs ver Seakavebda da axla sxva mxridan Semouara: `me vxedav, rom yvelas omi gsurT. imedi maqvs, igi ise das 250 Tukidide.indd 250 01.04.2013 14:47:20 ruldeba, rogorc Cven gagvixardeba, magram mainc unda giTx raT Cemi azri. qveynebi, romelTa winaaRmdegac Cven salaSqrod mivdivarT, ramdenadac gadmocemiT vici, Zlierebi da damo ukideblebi arian da ar eswrafvian politikur cvlilebebs, razedac siamovnebiT wavidoda monobaSi myofi. kunZulze bevri elinuri qveyanaa. saeWvoa, rom maT Cveni batonoba amjo binon Tavisuflebas. naqsosisa da katanas garda, romlebic leontinelebTan naTesaobis gamo, albaT, Cveni mokavSireebi iqnebian, iq kidev Svidi qveyanaa. isini mSvenivrad arian moma ragebulni da zustad iseTive SeiaraReba aqvT, rogoric Cvens jars. maT hyavT bevri hopliti, mSvildosani, Subosani da sak marisi raodenoba xalxisa, rom samxedro xomaldebze dasxan. kerZo saxsrebis garda, seliuntis taZrebSi didi saganZuri inaxeba, sirakuzelebi ki barbarosebisgan iReben xarks. amis garda, maT hyavT mravali mxedari, xolo puri TviTon mohyavT. aq maT didi upiratesoba aqvT CvenTan SedarebiT. aseTi Zalis winaaRmdeg Cven gvWirdeba ara mxolod xomal debi, aramed Zlieri saxmeleTo jari. Cven ar unda mivceT saSualeba mtris cxenosnebs, xeli SeuS alon Cvens gadmosxdo mas, miT umetes, rom sicilielTa gaerTianebis SemTxvevaSi egestelTa garda ver vnaxavT mokavSireebs, vinc mxedrebs mogvaSvelebs. samarcxvino iqneba, Tu mteri ukugvagdebs an Semdeg daxmarebis Txovna dagvWirdeba. amitom aqedan unda wavideT Zlieri laSqriT da gvesmodes, rom samSoblosgan Zalian Sors viqnebiT. zamTris oTxi Tvis manZilze iqidan ambavic ki ar aRwevs Cvenamde. Cemi azriT, iq unda gavgzavnoT bevri hopliti, Cvenic, mokavSirebisa da moxarkeebisac da, sasurvelia, pelopones Si daqiravebulic. aseve bevri mSvildosani da meSurdule mtris mxedrebisagan Tavis dasacavad. Cveni upiratesoba zRvaze gadamwyveti unda iyos, raTa uzrunvelvyoT sursa TiT momarageba. satvirTo xomaldebiT unda waviRoT mar 251 Tukidide.indd 251 01.04.2013 14:47:20 cvleulis didi maragi da waviyvanoT puris mcxobelebi, raTa ar gvqondes sakvebis problema, Tu cudi amindis gamo gzaSi SevyovndebiT. jars xom yvela qalaqi ver gamokvebavs. saerTod, SeZlebisdagvarad unda movimaragoT yvelaferi, gansakuTrebiT ki fuli, raTa sxvaze ar viyoT damokidebu li. rac Seex eba egestelTa mier CvenTvis gadadebul fuls, merwmuneT, is mxolod sityvierad arsebobs. Tu aqedan mtris winaaRmdeg ara mxolod Tanaswori, ara med yvelaferSi aRmatebuli ZalebiT wavalT, gamarjveba da laSqris SenarCuneba ioli mainc ar iqneba. warmovidginoT, rom vaarsebT qalaqs mtris qveyanaSi ucxo mosaxleobiT. gadmosxdomidan pirvelsave dRes Cven unda davikavoT miwa, sxva SemTxvevaSi mTeli qveyana Cven winaaRmdeg iqneba. swored amis meSinia, radgan warmateba Tqvens swor gadawyvetilebaze ufro metad bedzea damokidebuli. am laSqrobaSi nu vendobiT iRbals. wavideT iseTi ZalebiT, romlebic Cvens usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofen. es iqneba swori gadawyvetileba qveynisTvis, xolo laSqrobaSi mimavalTaTvis – gadarCenis sawindari. vinc sxva azrisaa, mzad var davuTmo Cemi Tanamdeboba~. nikiass imedi hqonda, rom eqspediciis sirTuleebze lapa rakiT an saerTod uars aTqmevinebda aTenelebs laSqrobaze, an aiZulebda, is kargad moemzadebinaT. sirTuleebma aTenele bi ver SeaSina. isini gulmodgined Seudgnen laSqrobisaTvis samzadiss. maT moiwones nikiasis winadadeba. yvela siciliaSi gamgzavrebis surviliT iyo anTebuli. zogs iq saxeli izi davda, zogs – ucxo qveynebis naxva, zogsac – fuli. bolos, erTma moqalaqem nikiass mosTxova zustad daesaxelebina, ra Zala iyo laSqrobisTvis saWiro. nikiass erCia es sakiTxi sxva sardlebTan erTad ganexila. daaxloebiT ki, misi azriT, maT sWirdebodaT: asi sakuTari trieri, satvirTo xomaldebi da agreTve mokavSireTa daxmareba, hoplitebi (sul cota, xuTi aTasi), mSvildosnebi da Surdulosnebi. 252 Tukidide.indd 252 01.04.2013 14:47:20 aTenelebma sardlebs SeuzRudavi uflebamosileba misces. amis Semdeg daiwyo samzadisi. gaugzavnes brZaneba mokavSire ebs, dgeboda moqalaqeTa siebi. qveyanam axlaxan daaRwia Tavi saSinel epidemiasa da xangrZliv oms, gaizarda axali Taoba, mSvidobis dros xazinaSi kvlav dagrovda fuli. amasobaSi, aTenSi erT Rames daazianes hermebi – oTxwax naga boZebi, romlebic kerZo saxlebisa da samlocveloebis SesasvlelebTan idga. daiwyes damnaSaveTa Zebna. didi jildo dawesda misTvis, vinc damnaSaves daasmenda. aTenelebma her mebis dazianeba Zalze ganicades, radgan es laSqrobis win cud niSnad CaTvales. ramdenime metekma da msaxurma mTvrali axalgazrdebis mier qandakebebis dazianebis Sesaxeb ganacxada. maT Tqves aseve, rom zog saxlSi misteriebs mkrexelurad dascinodnen. amaSi, sxvaTa Soris, alkibiadessac adanaSaulebdnen. alkibiadesis mtrebma es braldebebi aitaces. maT surdaT misi gandevna, ris Semdegac qveyanaSi pirvelobis mopovebas imedovnebdnen. alkibiadesma uaryo braldebebi da ganacxada Tanxmoba, warmdgariyo sasamarTlos winaSe simarTlis dasadgenad jer kidev laSqrobis win: Tu damnaSave aRmoCndeboda, daesajaT, xolo Tu gamarTldeboda, is sardlobas SeinarCunebda. igi iTxovda, ar daegdoT yuri cilismwamebluri braldebisTvis misi aryofnis dros. Tu damnaSave iyo, jobda axlave moeklaT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ufro gonivruli iqneboda, sasamarTlos ganaCenamde is ar wasuliyo siciliaSi sardlis statusiT. mis mtrebs eSinodaT, rom mas laSqari dauW erda mxars da xal xic gulkeTilobasa da madlierebas gamoiCenda. amitom maT yvelanairad gaaWianures sasamarTlo, xolo maTi daqirave buli oratorebi alkibiadesis dauyovnebliv gamgzavrebas moiTxovdnen. maT undodaT mis winaaRmdeg kidev ufro mZime braldebebi moepovebinaT da Semdeg gamoexmoT is sasamarTlo procesze. amdenad, gadawyda, alkibiadesi wasuliyo. 253 Tukidide.indd 253 01.04.2013 14:47:20 Sua zafxuls eskadra siciliisken daiZra. mokavSireebma, sursaTiT datvirTulma satransporto xomaldebma da sxva gemebma, romlebic eskadras Tan axldnen, miiRes brZaneba, ZiriTadi Zalebis pireosidan gasvlamde kerkirasTan moeya raT Tavi. aTenelebi da zogi mokavSire, vinc jer kidev qalaqSi iyo, diliT daeSvnen pireosSi, raTa xomaldebze damsxdariy vnen. iq mogrovda mTeli mosaxleoba. qalaqis mcxovreblebi acilebdnen Tavis axloblebs, megobrebs, naTesavebs dapyro bis imediTa da cremlebiT, radgan esmodaT, rom Soreuli da saxifaTo mogzauroba elodaT. ganSorebis momentSi aTenelebi ufro daafiqra laSqrobis bedma, vidre saxalxo krebaze gadamwyveti kenWisyris dros. magram nanaxma samxedro Zalam maT mxneoba SesZina. ucxoele bic gakvirvebuli Sehyurebdnen saocar sanaxaob as. marTlac, aseTi Zvirfasi da brwyinvale floti jer arc erT elinur qveyanas ar aReWurva. marTalia, periklesis epidavrosze da hagnonis poteidaiaze laSqrobisas cota xomaldi da hop liti ar SeukrebiaT, magram es laSqrobebi mokle droze iyo gaTvlili da Cveulebrivad aRWurvili. axla ki xangrZlivi laSqrobisTvis emzadebodnen da aq iyo yvelaferi, rogorc sazRvao, aseve saxmeleTo omisTvis. xomaldebis mSeneblobaze trierarqebsa da saxelmwifos didi fuli daexarjaT. TiTo eul mezRvaurs saxelmwifo erT drahmas uxdida. gaamzades agreTve samoci swrafi da ormoci satvirTo xomaldi hopli tebis gadasayvanad. es xomaldebi sauk eTeso meniCbeebiT daa kompleqtes. meTaurebi saxelmwifo xelfasis garda sakuTari saxsrebidanac uxdidnen meniCbeebs fuls. TiToeuli meTau ri cdilobda, yvelaze lamazi da swrafmavali misi xomaldi yofiliyo. saxmeleTo laSqari rCeuli xalxisgan Sedgeboda. isini aRWurvilobiTa da abjriT ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs. danarCeni elinebis TvalSi es samzadisi ufro aTenelTa Zali sa da simdidris warmoCinebas emsaxureboda, vidre mterTan 254 Tukidide.indd 254 01.04.2013 14:47:20 oms. xazinasa da calkeul monawileebs es laSqroba mravali talanti daujda. rodesac yvelani xomaldebze avidnen, mesayvirem dumi lis niSani misca. Semdeg warmoTqves Cveulebrivi locvebi TiToeu l xomaldze da msxverplSewirva Seasrules. maTTan erTad loculobdnen napirze mdgomi moqalaqeebi. Semdeg xomaldebi peanis simReriT zRvaSi Seacures. jer sabrZolo wyobiT midiodnen, Semdeg ki xomaldebi siswrafeSi ejibre bodnen erTmaneTs, raTa kerkiraze male misuliyvnen, sadac Sekreba iyo daniSnuli. sirakuzamde aRwevda cnobebi aTenelTa samzadisis Sesaxeb, magram didxans amisi ar sjerodaT. saxalxo krebazac azrebi gaiyo. zogi erTs amtkicebda, zogi – meores. sityviT her mokratesi gamovida. man mouTxro moqalaqeebs mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb da mouwoda, momzadebuliyvnen. mas imedi hqonda, rom sicilielebi gaim arjvebdnen, da maT gaerTiane ba SesTavaza, raTa mters kunZulze gadmosxdomamde Segebe bodnen. xangrZlivi kamaTis Semdeg sirakuzelebma gadawyvi tes mieRoT saWiro zomebi qalaqis dacvisTvis da movlenebs dalodebodnen. amasobaSi aTenelebi da maTi mokavSireebi kerkirasTan Seikribnen. sardlebma kidev erTxel daaTvalieres xomaldebi da gansazRvres Tanmimdevroba, Tu rogor unda CaeSvaT Ruza gadmosxdomis dros. eskadra sam razmad gayves, erToblivi curvisas wylisa da sursaTis miwodebis sirTuleebis Tavidan asacileblad, agreTve imisTvis, rom gaem artivebinaT gadmo sasxdomad navsadguris moZebna. aTenelebi miiCnevdnen, rom sardlis yofna TiToeul razmSi aamaRlebda manevrulobasa da disciplinas. Semdeg sami xomaldi gagzavnes italiasa da siciliaS i, raTa gaerkviaT, romeli qveynebi miiR ebdnen aTe nelebs da romeli navsadgurebisken gaecuraT. amis Semdeg uzarmazari flotilia siciliisken daiZra. 255 Tukidide.indd 255 01.04.2013 14:47:20 sul iyo as ocdaToTxmeti trieri da ori ormocdaaTniC biani rodosuli xomaldi. hoplitebis saerTo raodenoba xuTi aTas ass aRwevda. maTgan aTas xuTasi aTeneli moqalaqe iyo, Svidasi Teti sazRvao qveiTad msaxurobda. danarCeni hoplitebi mokavSireebma gamogzavnes. xuTasi argosma da mantineam, amas garda, kidev oras ormocdaaTi moqiravne iyo. maT axldaT oTxas oTxmoci mSvildosani, as oci rodoseli meSurdule da as oci msubuqad Seiar aRebuli megareli. amis garda, iyo kidev erTi xomaldi mxedrebis gadasayvanad, zed ocdaaTi mxedriT. samxedro xomaldebs mihyveboda ocdaaTi satvirTo xomaldi sursaTiTa da xelosnebiT, agreTve asi mcire gemi. garda amisa, mravali savaWro xomaldi Tavisi nebiT SeuerTda flotilias. maT erTad gaswies kerkiradan ioniis zRvaSi. isini miadgnen iapi giis koncxsa da tarents da Semdeg italiis sanapiros dauyvnen. italiur i qalaqebi ar iRebdnen aTenelebs da ar uSvebdnen maT TavianT bazarze. mxolod wyalsa da maT napirTan Ruzis CaSve bis nebas aZlevdnen. bolos eskadram regioss miaRwia italiis samxreTSi. aTenelebi qalaqSi ar SeuSves da isini artemisis salocavTan dabanakdnen, sadac bazrobac moewyo. aTenelebma xomaldebi napirze amoaTries da dasasveneblad ganlagdnen. Semdeg molaparakebebi daiwyes da regielTagan leontinelTa daxmarebas iTxovdnen. magram regielebma uTxres, rom neit ralitets amjobineben da sxva italieli elinebis gadawyve tilebas daelodebian. maSin aTeneli sardlebi dafiqrdnen, rogor gaegrZelebinaT kampania, Tan egestadan maTi elCebis dabrunebas elodebodnen. amasobaSi sirakuzelebma aTenelTa flotis regiosSi Cas vla Seityves da saomari samzadisi daaCqares. egestaSi gagzavnili sami xomaldi dabrunda. maT Camo itanes cnoba, rom iq danapirebi fulis nacvlad mxolod ocdaaTi talanti aRmoCnda. aman iseve, rogorc regielTa 256 Tukidide.indd 256 01.04.2013 14:47:20 uarma, monawileob a mieRoT laSqrobaSi, aTeneli sardlebi daadardiana. nikiass ar gahkvirvebia es cnoba. or danarCen sardals ki egestelTa tyuili kidev ufro ucnaurad eCvena, vidre regielTa uari. egestelebma ki, rodesac aTeneli elCebi pirvelad Cavid nen maT faseulobaTa dasaTvaliereblad, eSmakobas mimarTes. elCebs jer afrodites samlocvelos ganZi aCvenes, Semdeg kerZo miRebebze erTi da imave, xSirad mezoblebisgan naTxo vari, oqrosa da vercxlis TasebiT umaspinZldebodnen. amiT aTenel elCebsac da mezRvaurebsac Tavi mdidrad moaCvenes. axla ki, rodesac aRmoCnda, rom egestelebs fuli ar hqon daT, meomrebma elCebs usayvedures, romlebic jer TviTon motyuvdnen, mere ki sxvebic moatyues. sardlebma bWoba daiwyes, ra eqnaT Seqmnil viTarebaSi. nikiasma SesTavaza, mTeli flotiT seliuntisken wasuliyvnen, risTvisac iyvnen kidec gamogzavnili. Tu egestelebi mTel laSqars gadauxdidnen fuls, SeiZleboda Sesabamisad emoqme daT. Tu ara, maSin moiTxovdnen samoci xomaldis safasurs da seliuntTan manam darCebodnen, sanam igi Tavisi nebiT an iZu lebiT ar Seurigdeboda egestas. amis Semdeg unda gaecuraT sxva qalaqebis gaswvriv, eCvenebinaT Tavisi Zala, megobrebis daxmarebisTvis mzadyofna da Sin dabrunebuliyvnen. alkibiadesma Tqva, rom aseTi ZalebiT uSedegod ukan dab runeba samarcxvino iqneboda. man urCia, gaegzavnaT macneeb i yvela qalaqSi seliuntisa da sirakuzis garda da maTi gada bireba ecadaT. pirvel rigSi, mesenas mimxroba sWirdebodaT, radgan es qalaqi siciliis gasaRebia. aqedan, mas mere, rac daadgendnen, visi imedi SeiZleboda hqonodaT, unda gaelaS qraT sirakuzasa da seliuntze, Tu seliuntelebi ar dauzav debodnen egestelebs, xolo sirakuzelebi ar daubrunebdnen leontinelebs maT qalaqs. bolos, lamaqosma SesTavaza, pirdapir sirakuzaze gaelaS 257 Tukidide.indd 257 01.04.2013 14:47:20 qraT. aseTi armia SiSs dasawyisSi iwvevs. uecari Tavdasxma, sanam mowinaaRmdege gons mova, aTenelebs gamarjvebis yvela ze met Sanss aZlevda. mowinaaRmdeges SeaS inebda uzarmazari laSqris danaxvac da mosalodneli gansacdelic. sirakuze lebi, albaT, ar iyvnen mzad TavdasxmisTvis da bevri qalaqis kedlebs gareT imyofeboda. rodesac gamarjvebis Semdeg qalaqis kedlebTan dabanakdebodnen, sxva siciliel elinebs aRar gauCndebodaT kiTxva, visken ixreba saswori, da aTene lebs miemxrobodnen. am sityvis mere lamaqosi mainc alkibiadesis azrisken gada ixara. alkibiadesi Tavisi xomaldiT gaemarTa mesenaSi, magram ver moaxerxa mesenielTa mimxroba. maT uari Tqves aTenelTa qalaqSi SeSvebaze da mxolod qalaqgareT bazrobis mowyobaze daTanxmdnen. alkibiadesi ukan dabrunda regiosSi. sardlebma SearCies samoci xomaldi, Seavses sursaTis maragi da naqsosisken gaswies. iqidan sanapiros gaswvriv kata nas miadgnen. katanelebma aTenelebi ar miiRes da maT Ramis gaTeva zRvaSi mouxdaT. erT xazze dawyobilma xomaldebma sirakuzisken ganagrZes gza. aTi xomaldi navsadgurSi Sevi da. macnem gamoacxada aq mosvlis mizezi – leontinelTaTvis maTi qalaqis dabruneba. Semdeg qalaqi, navsadguri da midamo dazveres da ukan gabrundnen. amasobaSi katanaSi gaimarTa saxalxo kreba, romelmac gadawyvita, ar mieRoT aTenelTa laSqari, magram moesminaT sardlebisaTvis. alkibiadesis gamosvlis dros, rodesac mTe li yuradReba misken iyo mipyrobili, aTenelma jariskacebma gaaRes erT-erTi kari da bazarze mividnen sayidlebisTvis. mtris danaxvaze sirakuzelTa mcirericxov anma momxreebma qalaqi datoves, xolo katanelebma aTenTan kavSiri gadawy vites da laSqari TavisTan miiwvies. aTenelebi regiosSi dabrundnen da iqidan mTeli floti katanaSi gadmoiyvanes. amasobaSi kamarinadan movida cnoba, rom aTenelTa iq mis 258 Tukidide.indd 258 01.04.2013 14:47:20 vlis SemTxvevaSi qalaqi mzad iyo maT SeerTeboda, xolo sirakuzelebi xomaldebs amzadebdnen sabrZolvelad. aTe nis eskadram sanapiros gaswvriv gacura. man sirakuzelTa xomaldebi ver naxa da kamarinas miadga. qalaqma uari Tqva aTenelTa miRebaze da eskadra ukan gamobrunda. gzad sira kuzelTa sanapiro daarbies. katanaSi maT aTenidan alkibiadesis wasayvanad Camosuli xomaldi daxvdaT. is aTenSi sasamarTlos winaSe unda warmdga riyo mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli braldebebis gamo. masTan erTad ramdenime sxva mebrZolsac iwvevdnen mkrexelobisa da hermebis dazianebis braldebiT. eskadris gamgzavrebis Semdeg gamoZieba gagrZelda. xalxs akavebdnen gadaum owmebeli dasmenis safuZvelzec ki. aTene lebs yvelgan demokratiis mtrebi elandebodaT da ar undo daT, rom mkacr gamoZiebas gadarCenoda vinme, viszedac ki odnavi eWvi gaCnda. fiqrobdnen, rom hermebisa da misteriebis saqme SeTqmu lebas ukavSirdeboda oligarqiisa Tu tiraniis damyarebis mizniT. amis safuZvelze bevri warCinebuli moqalaqe daakaves. bolos erTma tusaRma, megobris rCeviT, aRiara danaSaul i da Tanamzraxvelebic daabezRa. dRemde aravin icis, marTalia es Tu ara, magram maSin aTenelebma mas siamovnebiT daujeres. TviT damsmeni da misi amxanagebi gaaT avisufles, xolo mis mier dadanaSaulebulebi sikvdiliT dasajes. vinc gaqceva moaswro, dauswreblad miusajes sikvdili. am procesze veravin ityvis, ramdenad samarTlianad dais ajnen braldebulebi, magram sxva moqalaqeTaTvis saqmis aseTi dasasruli sasargeblo aRmoCnda. amasobaSi alkibiadesis mtrebi mis winaaRmdeg xalxs aqe zebdnen. aTenelebi daarwmunes, rom alkibiadesi monawile obda SeTqmulebaSi demokratiis dasamxobad. rodesac xalxi amis gamo boboqrobda, lakedemonelTa mcire razmi isTmoss miadga beotielebTan Sesaxvedrad. aTenelebma daaskvnes, rom 259 Tukidide.indd 259 01.04.2013 14:47:20 lakedemonelebi alkibiadesTan SeTanxmebiT moqmedebdnen. mis argosel megobrebzedac miitanes eWvi, rom isini demok ratiis damxobas apirebdnen. aTenelebma alkibiadesis gasamarTleba da sikvdiliT dasja ganizraxes da mis Camosayvanad siciliaze xomaldi gagzav nes. alkibiadess ubrZanes aTenSi Casuliyo. misi dapatimreba siciliaSive ver gabedes, raTa laSqari ar aReSfoTebinaT da mtris yuradReba ar miepyroT. gansakuTrebiT eSinodaT, ar daekargaT mantineelebisa da argoselebis megobroba, rom lebic alkibiadesma daiTanxma laSqrobaSi monawileobaze. amitom igi sxva eWvmitanilebTan erTad sakuTari xomaldiT gaemgzavra. cilismwamebluri braldebebis gamo maT aTenSi Casvla aRar moindomes, gzaSi gamcileblebs gaeqcnen da Tavi peloponess Seafares. aTenelebma maT dauswreblad miusajes sikvdili. siciliaze darCenilma orma sardalma wilisyriT gadai nawila eskadra da mTeli ZalebiT seliuntisa da egestasken gaswia. maT surdaT egestelebisagan danapirebi Tanxa mieRoT da garkveuliyvnen maT davaSi seliuntelebTan. CrdiloeTi sanapiros gaswvriv curvisas eskadra miadga regionSi erTa derT elinur qalaqs – gimeras, romelmac aTenelebi ar mii Ro. eskadram gza ganagrZo da daikava sikulTa qalaqi gikara. aTenelebma mosaxleoba monebad gayides, qalaqi ki gadasces egestelebs, romlebmac maT mxedrebi daaxmares. nikiasma eges taSi ocdaaTi talanti miiR o, xolo tyveebi as oc talantad gayides. katanadan mokavSire sikulebs Sikrikebi gaugzavnes maSveli razmebis moTxovniT. Semdeg hiblaze gailaSqres, magram qalaqi ver aiRes. ase dasrulda zafxuli. momdevno zamTars aTenelebma sirakuzaze TavdasxmisTvis daiwyes mzadeba. sirakuzelebic, Tavis mxriv, aTenelebze api rebdnen ieriSs. rodesac maT naxes, rom aTenelebi ar Cqaroben maTze galaSqrebas, isini TandaTanobiT gaTamamdnen. hiblaze 260 Tukidide.indd 260 01.04.2013 14:47:20 warumatebelma ieriSma maT Tavdajerebuloba Semata. isini sardlebs sTxovdnen katanaze wasvlas. sirakuzeli mxedrebi ki, romlebic aTenelTa banaks adevnebdnen Tvalyurs, damci navad ekiTxebodnen aTenelebs, aq dasasaxleblad CamoxvediT Tu leontinelTa dasaxmareblado. aTenelma sardlebma gadawyvites, gamoetyuebinaT mtris laSqari rac SeiZleba Sors qalaqidan, xolo TviTon RamiT gaecuraT da moxerxebul adgilas dabanakebuliyvnen. maT esmodaT, rom gauWirdebodaT napirze gadasxdoma mtris Tvalwin. sirakuzelTa mravalricxovani mxedroba maTi msu buqad SeiaraRebuli qveiTebisa da aRalisaTvis did xifaTs warmoadgenda. Tu mters gaityuebdnen, maSin moaxerxebdnen gadasxdomasa da banakisaTvis moxerxebuli adgilis SerCevas. sirakuzelma devnilebma maT olimpoeli zevsis samlocvelos maxloblad dabanakeba urCies. am gegmis gansaxorcieleblad aTenelebma amgvar xriks mimarTes. maT sirakuzaSi gagzavnes erTguli kaci, romelic sirakuzeli sardlebis ndobiTac sargeblobda. is kataneli iyo da sirakuzaSi maTi katane li momxreebis saxeliT Cavida. man sirakuzelebs aTenelTa banakze Tavdasxmis gegma SesTavaza da katanelTa mxardaWera aRuTqva. sakuTar ZalebSi darwmunebuli sirakuzeli sardlebi isedac fiqrobdnen katanaze l aSqrobas da axla am kacs mien dvnen. maT dRe daun iSnes da kaci ukan gagzavnes. daTqmul dros sirakuzelebi mokavSireebTan erTad katanasken daiZ rnen. gzad erTi Rame leontinas mxareSi gaaTies. amasobaSi aTenelebi xomaldebze dasxdnen da sirakuzisken aiRes gezi. ganTiadze aTenelebi olimpoeli zevsis samlocvelosTan gadasxdnen da banaki moawyes. sirakuzelma mxedrebma pirve lebma miaRwies katanas da aTenelTa zRvaSi gasvlis ambavi gaiges. sirakuzelebi saswrafod ukan gamobrundnen sakuTari qalaqis dasacavad. 261 Tukidide.indd 261 01.04.2013 14:47:20 katanadan sirakuzamde sakmaod didi gzaa da aTenelebs sak marisi dro hqondaT banakis gasamagreblad. qalaqidan aravin gamosula maTTvis xelis SesaSlelad. pirvelebi sirakuzeli mxedrebi dabrundnen, maT danarCeni laSqaric mohyva. isini miuaxlovdnen banaks, magram, radgan aTenelebi ar gamosulan maT Sesaxvedrad, ukan daixies. meore diliT mxareebi sabrZolvelad gaemzadnen. maTi Zalebi ase ganlagda: marjvena frTaze argoselebi da man tineelebi idgnen, centrSi – aTenelebi, marcxena frTaze ki danarCeni mokavSireebi. laSqris erTi naxevari avangardSi idga, rva rigad. meore naxevari karvebTan rezervSi iyo oTx kuTxedad ganlagebuli, aseve rva rigad. isini unda mixmare bodnen iq, sadac amis saWiroeb a Seiqmneboda. am oTxkuTxedis SigniT iyo aRali. sirakuzelebma Tavisi hoplitebi Teqvsmet rigad daawyves. laSqarSi maTi mokavSireebic iyvnen, pirvel rigSi, seliuntelebi. maT hyavdaT orasi mxedari geladan, oci mxedari da ormocdaaTi mSvildosani kamarinadan. Tavisi aTas orasi mxedari sirakuzelebma marjvena frTaze ganala ges, xolo maT gverdiT – Subis mtyorcnelebi. aTenelebma gadawyvites brZolis dawyeba da nikiasma aseTi sityvebiT mimarTa maT: `meomrebo, gana gWirdebaT Tqven gamxneveba? gana aq erTi saqmisTvis ar varT? am mSvenieri laSqris erTi danaxvac sakma risia, rom simamace SegZinoT. marTlac, rodesac Cven – argo selebi, mantineelebi, aTenelebi da kunZulis ZiriTadi war momadgenelebi aq gaverTiandiT, darwmunebulebi unda viyoT gamarjvebaSi, radgan Cvens winaSe ubralo saxalxo laSqaria da ara rCeuli meomrebi, rogorebic Tqven xarT. maT ugunuri simamace meti aqvT, vidre samxedro gamocdileba. gaxsovdeT, rom Cven ucxo mxareSi vimyofebiT da ar gvyavs megobrebi, Tu maT iaraRiT ar movipovebT. mowinaaRmdegis sardlebs SeuZ liaT gaamxnevon Tavisi meomrebi sityvebiT – Tqven ibrZviT 262 Tukidide.indd 262 01.04.2013 14:47:20 Tqveni samSoblosTvis. me ki SegaxsenebT, rom mtris miwaze xarT da, Tu ar gaimarjvebT, daiRupebiT. gaixseneT Tqveni dideba da Tamamad SeutieT mters. es erTaderTi gamosavalia.~ am sityvebis mere nikiasi jars win gauZRva. sirakuzelebi ar elodnen brZolis ase adre dawyeb as. zogi qalaqSi iyo wasuli, zogic banakis maxloblad imyofeboda. maT saswrafod miaSu res poziciebs da dadgnen, sadac moxvdaT. sirakuzelebi ar CamorCebodnen aTenelebs arc TavganwirviT, arc simamaciT, magram maT samxedro ostatoba akldaT. xelCarTuli brZola didxans gagrZelda. amasobaSi, meb rZolebs avdari daatyda Tavs. aman gamoucdeli meomrebi SeaSina, magram gamocdilebma is wlis droiT axsnes, maT mtris winaaRmdegoba ufro aSfoTebdaT. bolos argoselebma da aTenelebma moaxerxes sirakuzelTa ukuqceva, magram veRar sdies maT mxedrebis winaaRmdegobis gamo. maT gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. gaqceuli sirakuzelebi kvlav Seikribnen da razmi gagzavnes zevsis samlocvelosken, raTa iq myofi saganZuri aTenelebs ar CavardnodaT xelSi. aTenelebi ar wasulan samlocvelosken. maT dakrZales daRupulebi da Rame brZolis velze gaatares. Semdeg dRes dazavdnen da sirakuzelebs maTi daRupulebi gadasces. sul sirakuzelTa mxridan oras samoci kaci daiRupa, aTenelebi ki – mxolod ormocdaaTi. Semdeg aTenelebi nadavliT katanaSi dabrundnen. zamTarSi maT ar undodaT samxedro operaciebis gagrZeleba, sanam aTenidan da adgilobrivi mokavSireebisagan mxedrebs ar miiRebdnen. garda amisa, maT undodaT Seegrove binaT fuli da miemxroT calkeuli siciliuri qveynebi. aTe nelebs imedi hqondaT, rom gamarjvebis Semdeg met mokavSires SeiZendnen da gazafxulisTvis sirakuzaze Tavdasasxmelad ukeT moemzadebodnen. sirakuzelebma daRupulTa dakrZalvis mere saxalxo kre ba moiwvies. SekrebilT hermokratesma mimarTa. man gaamxneva 263 Tukidide.indd 263 01.04.2013 14:47:20 Tanamemamuleni. mTavaria, rom sabrZolo suli SeinarCunes, xolo umniSvnelo marcxi gamoucdelobis brali iyo. maT xom eladis saukeTeso meomrebTan mouwiaT Serkineba. marcxis meore mizezi sardlebis simravle da erTiani xelmZRvane lobis ararseboba iyo. Tu SearCevdnen ramdenime gamocdil sardals, gazrdidnen hoplitebis ricxvs da wvrTnas zam TarSive daiwyebdnen, maT gamarjvebis imedi unda hqonodaT. sirakuzelebma miiRes misi winadadebebi da mxolod sami sardali airCies, maT Soris TviTon hermokratesi. siraku zelebma agreTve gagzavnes elCebi koriTsa da lakedemonSi aTenelTa winaaRmdeg omis dawyebis TxovniT. amasobaSi aTenelebma mesenas winaaRmdeg gailaSqres. maT imedi hqondaT, rom moRalateebis daxmarebiT aiRebdnen qalaqs, magram ar gaum arTldaT. alkibiadesma misi gawvevis Semdeg ukana gzaze SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb mesenaSi sirakuzel Ta momxreebs Seatyobina. maT daxoces alkibiadesis mier dasaxelebuli moRalateebi, xolo Semdeg xalxi aiZules aTenelebTan megobrobaze uari eTqvaT. aTenelebi mesenas Tan camet dRes idgnen, uamindobiTa da sursaTis naklebobiT Sewuxebulebi. Semdeg naqsosSi dabrundnen, banaki gaamagres da gamosazamTreblad moemzadnen. maT gagzavnes aTenSi tri eri da fuli da mxedrebi moiTxoves. zamTarSi sirakuzelebma qalaqis maxloblad kedlis mSe nebloba daiwyes, raTa maTi warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi mowinaaRmdeges saalyo kedeli uSualod qalaqis axlos ver aeSenebina. maT cixesimagreebad aqcies agreTve megara da olimpoeli zevsis samlocvelo. sanapirozedac gaamagres SesaZlo gadmosxdomis adgilebi. rodesac aTenelTa naqsosSi gamosazamTreblad wasvlis ambavi Seityves, sirakuzelebma katanaze gailaSqres, teri toria aaoxres da aTenelTa banaki dawves. maT gaiges, rom aTenelebi molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen kamarinasTan Zveli 264 Tukidide.indd 264 01.04.2013 14:47:21 samokavSireo xelSekrulebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb da TviTonac gagzavnes iq elCebi. isini eWvobdnen, rom kamarinelebi pir vel brZolaSic maT ugulod exmarebodnen, axla ki, aTenelTa gamarjvebis Semdeg, mtris mxareze gadavidodnen. hermokra tesma kamarinelTa saxalxo krebas ase mimarTa: `kamarinelebo, Cven CamovediT ara imis SiSiT, rom Tqven aTenelTa laSqari dagafrTxobdaT. Cven gvadardebs, maT manamde ar moaxerxon Tqveni darwmuneba, sanam Cven mogvismenT. aTenelebi siciliaze kargad cnobili sababiT Camovidnen, mag ram amave dros, faruli ganzraxviTac, romlis Sesaxeb, albaT, yvelani vxvdebiT. maT surT ara leontinelTa dabruneba maT qalaqSi, aramed Cveni gandevna Cveni qalaqebidan. vin daije rebs, rom xalxi, romelic eladaSi angrevs qalaqebs, siciliaSi aRadgens maT, xolo vinc qalkidelebsa da evbeelebs imor Cilebs, leontinelebis mimarT saukeTeso grZnobebiT iqneba gamsWvaluli maTi qalkidelebTan naTesaobis gamo. gana imave gziT ar miaRwies batonobas Tavis qveyanaSi, ra gziTac mis damyarebas axla aq apireben? ionielebma da sxva mokavSireebma isini nebayoflobiT aqcies beladad midielebTan omSi, magram aTenelebma yvela daim ones. zogi samxedro valdebulebebis SeusruleblobaSi daadanaSaules, zogic – SinaaSlilobaSi, yovelTvis raRac sababs poul obdnen. amgvarad, arc aTenele bi ebrZodnen midiis mefes elinTa gasaTavisufleblad, arc elinebi – sakuTari TavisuflebisTvis: aTenelebs elinebze batonoba surdaT, elinebs ki – batonis Secvla. aq aTenelebis Zaladobasa da usamarTlobaSi dasadanaSa uleblad ar movsulvarT. Cven unda vifiqroT Cvens Tavze. Cven gvaqvs magaliTi iqauri elinebisa, vinc ver moaxerxa Tavis dacva da Tavisufleba dakarga. axla amas aTenelebi Cven winaaRmdeg iyeneben. gaverTiandeT da vaCvenoT maT, rom Cven Tavisufali dorielebi varT, vinc aq damoukidebeli peloponesidan gadmosaxlda. xom ar davelodebiT, sanam isini 265 Tukidide.indd 265 01.04.2013 14:47:21 rigrigobiT ar daipyroben Cvens qalaqebs. maT xom Cveni Zleva mxolod ase SeuZliaT. SeiZleba kamarinelma ifiqros, rom aTenelTa mteri is ki ara, sirakuzelia. magram man unda icodes, rom Cemi miwisTvis brZolisas is Tavis samSoblosac icavs, miT ufro warmatebu lad, rom mas mokavSireebi hyavs. SeiZleba Suris an SiSis gamo Tqven xels gaZlevT sirakuzis dasusteba, magram Tqvenive usafrTxoeb isTvis gsurT, rom igi mainc gadarCes. icodeT, rom adamianis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba aseTi sizustiT movle naTa msvlelobis gansazRvra. Tu dRes Cven daviRupebiT, xval Tqveni jeri dadgeba da sinanuli dagvianebuli aRmoCndeba. nu gafiqrebT aTenelebTan xelSekrulebis darRveva. es xelSekruleba iyo ara Tqveni megobrebis winaaRmdeg, aramed Tqvens dasacavad dadebuli. Tqven unda daexmaroT aTenelebs, Tu maT Tavs daesxmian, magram ar xarT valdebuli maTTan erTad eomoT mezoblebs. warmoSobiT qalkideli regiel ebic ki ar exmarebian aTenelebs maTi Tanamemamule leontinelTa dabrunebis saqmeSi. gana ucnauri ar aris, rom regiosi mixvda aTenelTa namdvil zraxvebs da gonivrulad iqceva, Tqven ki mzad xarT mters daexmaroT Tqveni axloblebis daRupvaSi. nu SegeSindebaT aTenelebis Zlierebis. Tu sicilielebi gaverTiandebiT, mteri verafers dagvaklebs. safrTxe Cvens daqsaqsulobaSia, amitom mteri cdilobs erTmaneTs dagva Soros. magram maT asec ki ver miaRwies mizans, gamarjvebis Semdegac ki iZulebulni gaxdnen, ukan daexiaT. Tu isev gaverTiandebiT, namdvilad gavimarjvebT. Cven dagvexmarebian peloponeselebic, romelTa Zala aTenele bisas aRemateba. nu ifiqrebT, rom Tqveni frTxili politika Cvens mimarT samarTliani da TqvenTvis usafrTxo iqneba. marTalia, is Tanmimdevruli Cans, magram usamarTloa. Tu Cven Tqveni daxmarebis gareSe davmarcxdiT, gana es imas ar niSnavs, rom 266 Tukidide.indd 266 01.04.2013 14:47:21 Tqven gagvwireT? ufro keTilSobiluri iqneboda, CvenTvis daxmarebis xeli gamogewodebinaT da Tqveni megobari aTene lebi usamarTlobisgan SegekavebinaT. ar Rirs bevri laparaki imis Sesaxeb, rac Tqvenc kargad iciT. Cven daxmarebas gTxovT da, Tu uars miviRebT, vacx adebT: Cven gvemuqreba Zveli mteri – ionielebi, Tqven ki dorielebi xarT da dorielebs RalatobT. Tu aTenelebi dagvipyroben, Tqven unda gimadlodnen, magram dideba maT ergebaT, Tqven ki maTi nadavlis nawili iqnebiT. xolo Tu Cven gavimarjvebT, Tqven daisjebiT. dafiqrdiT da airCieT, ra girCevniaT: monoba Tu CvenTan erTad gamarjveba, aTenelTa uReli Tu Cveni mtroba~. hermokratesis Semdeg aTenelma elCma iTxova sityva: `Cven CamovediT aq, raTa ganvaaxloT Zveli kavSiri. siraku zeli elCis Tavdasxmebi gvaiZulebs, mogiTxroT Cveni xeli suflebis Sesaxeb, romelsac savsebiT samarTlianad vflobT. amisi sabuTi TviT hermokratesis sityvebia, rom dorielebi da ionielebi odiTganve mtrebi iyvnen. Cven, ioniel ebi, vcxovrob diT doriuli warmoSobis mravalricxovani peloponeselis mezoblad da unda gvefiqra, Tu rogor dagvecva Cveni damo ukidebloba. midielebTan omis Semdeg Cven avageT floti da gavTavisufldiT lakedemonelTa hegemoniisgan. Cven viTaveT mefis yofil qveSevrdomTa winamZRoloba da SevinarCuneT igi, radgan ase ukeT davicavdiT Tavs. Cven samarTlianad davimor CileT ionielebi da kunZulebis mcxovreblebi, radgan maT midielebTan erTad Cvenze, maT metropoliaze, gamoilaSqres. Cven vxelmZRvanelobT Cvens mokavSireebs da vimsaxurebT kidec amas. Cven ara marto avageT uZlieresi floti, aramed TavganwirviTac vibrZodiT elinebisTvis. amasTanave, Cven vcdilobdiT peloponeselebs win aRvdgomodiT. Cven ar getyviT maRalfardovan sityvebs Cveni batonobis gasamar Tleblad, ar getyviT, rom martom davamarcxeT barbarosi 267 Tukidide.indd 267 01.04.2013 14:47:21 da rom omSi sxvis Tavisuflebaze metad vzrunavdiT, vidre sakuTar Tavze. veravis gaamtyuneb, Tu is sakuTar interesebze fiqrobs. swored sakuTar usafrTxoebaze fiqrma mogviyva na aq da migvaCnia, rom es rogorc Cvens, ise Tqvens intere sebSia. rogorc giTxariT, Cveni batonoba eladaSi SiSisgan aRmocenda. amave mizeziT varT aq, raTa ganvamtkicoT Cveni usafrTxoeb a da dagicvaT Tqven. nuravin ifiqrebs, rom Tqvenze zrunviT sxvis saqmeSi vere viT. unda gesmodeT, rom sanam Tqven sirakuzelTaTvis wina aRmdegobis gaweva SegiZliaT, isini ver mieSvelebian pelo poneselebs da ver gvavneben Cven. amdenad, Tqveni bedi Cven Zalian gvadardebs. amave mizeziT, Cven gvinda davabrunoT leontinelebi maT qalaqSi, magram ara imisTvis, rom isini, maTi monaTesave evbeel ebis msgavsad, Cvens moxarkeeb ad vaqcioT, aramed imisTvis, rom Zlier i mokavSire gvyavdes sirakuzelTa mezoblad. eladaSi Cven damoukideblad varTmevT Tavs Cvens saqmes da ar gvWirdeba, rom evbeelebs SeiaraReba hqondeT. aq ki Cven xels gvaZlevs Cveni mokavSireebis damoukidebloba. vinc sxvaze batonobs, yvelaferi, rac xelsayrelia, goniv rulicaa da ar arsebobs naTesavi, Tu mas ver endobi. Cven iZulebuli varT, SevarCioT megobrebi, viTarebidan gamom dinare, yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi. aq Cven gvWirdeba Zlieri megobrebi, vinc Cvens mters SeaCerebs. Tqven ar gaqvT safuZ veli, rom ar gvendoT. eladaSic Cven, Cveni interesebidan gamomdinare veqceviT mokavSireebs. qioselebi da meTimnelebi mxolod xomaldebs gvawvdian. sxva mxriv ki damoukideblebi arian. umravlesobas naklebi damoukidebloba aqvs da xarks gvixdis. zogi ki, miuxedavad imisa, rom kunZulze cxovrobs da Cven maTi dapyroba ar gagviWirdeboda, Tavisuflebas inar Cunebs, radgan maTi kunZulebi kargi dasayrdenia pelopone sis winaaRmdeg omSi. amitom siciliaze Cveni politika Cveni interesebidan gamomdinareobs da sirakuzelTa winaaRmdeg 268 Tukidide.indd 268 01.04.2013 14:47:21 aris mimarTuli. maT surT Tqvenze batonoba da cdiloben, gagaerTianon Cvendami undoblobiT. Tu Cven kunZulis dato veba mogviwevs, isini mas daeuflebian. visac ar sjera, mas realoba daarwmunebs. rodesac pirvelad mogviwvieT, gvarwmunebdiT, rom Tqveni datoveba sirakuzelTa xelSi CvenTvis sazianoa. axla usamarTlo iqneba, Tu sakuTar sityvebs ar daujerebT da mxolod imitom SemogvxedavT eWvis TvaliT, rom axla Cveni Zalebi sirakuzelebisas aRemateba. sirakuzelebisa Tqven metad unda geSinodeT. Cven Tqveni dax marebis gareSe siciliaze ver davrCebiT. kunZuli veragobiTac rom davipyroT, mas ver SevinarCunebT. siciliamde xom grZeli gza gvaqvs da Zala ar gveyofa didi qalaqebis saxmeleTo omSi dasacavad. sirakuzelebi ki Tqveni uaxloesi mezoblebi arian. isini banakis nacvlad qalaqSi cxovroben da maT bevrad meti xalxi hyavT. isini mudam mzad arian avnon sxva qveynebs. es maT leontinelTa SemTxvevaSic daadastures. axla ki Tavxedurad gTxoven, daexmaroT imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc Tqvens Tavisufle bas icavs. Cven gTavazobT ufro realur usafrTxoebas, vidre isini da gTxovT, nu ugulebelyofT ormxriv sargebels~. kamarinelebi keTilad iyvnen ganwyobili aTenelebisadmi, magram afiqrebdaT maTi zraxvebi; mezobel sirakuzelebTan ki maT mudmivad daZabuli urTierToba hqondaT. Seqmnil viTarebaSi maT sabolood neitraliteti amjobines da orive elCobam qalaqi datova. sirakuzelebma omisTvis samzadisi daiwyes, aTenelebi ki naqsosze dabrundnen da sikulebTan Seudgnen molaparakebas. sirakuzis mokavSireebi, romlebic dablobSi cxovrobdnen, ZiriTadad, misi erTgulni darCnen. xolo kunZulis siRrmeSi mcxovrebi sikulebi aTenelebs miem xrnen: isini amaragebdnen laSqars sursaTiT, zogi fuliTac exmareboda. zamTarSi aTenelebma sadgomi naqsosidan katanaSi gadait anes da aRadgines sirakuzelebis mier damwvari banaki. maT gagzavnes trieri karTagenSi, raTa kavSiri SeeTava 269 Tukidide.indd 269 01.04.2013 14:47:21 zebinaT da gaerkviaT, xom ar miiRebdnen iqidan daxmarebas. elCebi gagzavnes tirseniaSic, sadac zogma qveyanam omSi Cabma gadawyvita. aTenelebma siciliel tomebsa da egeste lebs cxenebi mosTxoves. maT moimarages agreTve sxvadasxva masala, rac saalyo samuSaoebisTvis dasWirdebodaT omis ganaxlebis Semdeg. korinTossa da lakedemonSi gagzavnili sirakuzeli el Cebi cdilobdnen italieli elinebic aTenelTa winaaRmdeg ganewyoT. korinTosSi elCebi dabejiTebiT iTxovdnen daxma rebas. korinTelebi maT Txovnas siamovnebiT gamoexmaurnen, magram manamde lakedemonSi gagzavnes elCoba, raTa lakede monelebic miemxroT. iq korinTeli elCebi alkibiadessa da mis amxanagebs Sexvdnen. ise moxda, rom alkibiadesi saxalxo krebas imaves urCevda, rasac korinTeli da sirakuzeli elCe bi iTxovdnen. eforebsa da sxva xelisufalT surdaT elCebis gagzavna sirakuzaSi, raTa isini ar danebebodnen aTenelebs, Tumca daxmarebis gagzavna ar undodaT. maSin alkibiadesma saxalxo krebas ase mimarTa: `pirvel yovlisa, unda giTxraT ramdenime sityva Cem mimarT wamoyenebuli braldebebis Sesaxeb, raTa undoblad ar moeki doT Cems winadadebebs. marTalia, Cemma winaprebma uari Tqves TqvenTan stumarmaspinZlobaze, magram me TviTon vcdilobdi aRmedgina igi da sakuTari nebiT gagiwieT garkveuli samsaxu ri, gansakuTrebiT pilosTan marcxis Semdeg. Cemi megobrobis miuxedavad, Tqven samSvidobo molaparakebebs Cems mowinaaR mdegeebTan awarmoebdiT da amiT maT saxeli mout aneT. amitom bunebrivia, rom me mantineelebis da argoselebis sasargeblod da Tqven winaaRmdeg vmoqmedebdi. Tu Cemi saqcieli Tqvens gaRizianebas iwvevda, axla iciT amis mizezi da SegiZliaT SeicvaloT azri. is, rom me demokratiis momxre var, ar unda iyos Tqveni ukmayofilebis safuZveli. Cven, alkmeonidebi, yovelTvis tiranias vebrZodiT. `demokratiad~ ki gvesmis 270 Tukidide.indd 270 01.04.2013 15:27:25 yvelaferi, rac erTi kacis batonobas upirispirdeba. amitom Cven yovelTvis xalxis momxreTa saTaveSi viyaviT. demokrati is ganviTarebasTan erTad Cvens qveyanaSi gviwevda garkveul viTarebasTan Segueba. mainc demokratiisaTvis damaxasiaTe beli TavaSvebulobis sapirispirod Cven zomier i politikis momxre viyaviT. magram rogorc Cveni winaprebis dros iyvnen adamianebi, visac xalxi sxva mimarTulebiT mihyavda, dResac arian demagogebi. swored maT ganmdevnes me. Cven videqiT xal xis da ara romelime partiis saTaveSi da Cvens valad migvaCnda SegvenarCunebina is wyoba, romelmac saxelmwifos Zliereba da Tavisufleba moutana. rogorc yvela saRad moazrovnes, Cvenc gvesmoda, ra aris demokratia da me sxvaze meti mizezi ar maqvs, rom is vlanZRo. miuxedavad imisa, rom am sayovel Taod aRiarebul ugunurebaze axals verafers ityvi, mainc Cven saxifaTod migvaCnda saxelmwifo wyobis Secvla maSinac, rodesac TqvenisTana mtrebi karibWesTan dganan. ai, said an gaCnda cilismwamebluri braldebebi Cem winaaR mdeg. axla gadaval gansaxilvel sakiTxze da, raki ukeT var Caxeduli saqmeSi, SemiZlia sasargeblo rCeva mogceT. Cven gavilaSqreT siciliaze im imediT, rom davipyrobdiT iqaur qveynebs, Semdeg davimorCilebdiT italiel elinebs da bolos vecdebodiT, dagvemorCilebina karTagenis samflobe loebi da Tavad karTagenelebi. Tu es gamovidoda, Cven Tavs davesxmodiT peloponess axlad SeZenil mokavSireTa mTeli ZalebiT. Cven gvsurda agreTve flotis gaZlier eba italiaSi mravali axali xomaldis agebiT da am flotiT peloponesis blokireba. imave dros Cven vfiqrobdiT, xmeleTidan Segvetia Tqveni qalaqebisTvis, agveRo SturmiT erTi da alyaSi mogveq cia sxvebi. amgvarad Cven movipovebdiT batonobas mTel elinur samyaroze. axali dapyrobebi mogvcemda saxsrebs am gegmebis gansaxorcieleblad. am cnobas Tqven iRebT kacisgan, vinc es zustad icis. siciliaSi darCenili sardlebi Seecdebian igi 271 Tukidide.indd 271 01.04.2013 14:47:21 ve ganaxorcielon. Tu Tqven axlave ar daexmarebiT siciliis qveynebs, isini aTenelTa Tavdasxmebs ver gauZleben. marTalia, sicilielebs gamocdileba akliaT, magram Tu gaerTiandebian, gadarCebian. mxolod sirakuzelebi, gansakuTrebiT mas mere, rac maTi laSqari damarcxda, xolo isini zRvidan aTenis flo tiT arian moWrilebi – ver SeZleben gaumklavdnen aTenelebs. Tu am qalaqs aiReben, mTeli sicilia aTenelTa xelSi aRmoC ndeba. amas ki mohyveba italiis damorCileba. amitom safrTxe Tqvenc gemuqrebaT. gaxsovdeT, rom saqme mxolod sicilias ki ar exeba, aramed peloponessac. nu dakargavT dros, saswra fod gagzavneT siciliaSi hoplitebi, romlebsac meniCbeeba dac SeuZliaT samsaxuri, raTa gadmosxdomis Semdeg maSinve SeeZloT brZolaSi Cabma da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, gagzavnoT sparteli sardali. man unda daamyaros laSqarSi discipli na. amiT gaamxnevebT iqaur megobrebs, xolo meryevebs Tqvens mxareze gadmoiyvanT. aqac, eladaSi, aSkarad unda daiwyoT samxedro moqmedebebi. sirakuzelebi dainaxaven, rom Tqven isini ar miatoveT, xolo aTenelebs gauW irdebaT siciliaze maSveli Zalebis gagzavna. Tqven aucileblad unda gaamagroT dekelea atikaSi, risic aTenelebs Zalze eSiniaT. es erTaderTi ubedurebaa, rac maT am omSi jer ar gamoucdiaT. es maTi susti wertilia da TviTon amis Sesaxeb yvelaze kargad ician. mogax senebT, ra sargebels naxavT Tqven dekeleis gamagrebiT da ra ziani SegiZliaT miayenoT amiT mowinaaRmdeges. Tqven xelSi CaigdebT qveynis maragebsa da saxsrebs. aTenelebs moaklde baT Semosavali lavrionis vercxlis sabadoebidan, miwidan da xomaldebidan. gansakuTrebiT Semcirdeba xarki: rodesac mokavSireeb i darwmundebian, rom Tqven gadamwyvet brZolaSi CaebiT, aucileblad Seuwyveten maT xarkis gadaxdas. Tqvenzea damokidebuli, ramdenad swrafad da energiulad SeudgebiT am gegmis ganxorcielebas. me ki darwmunebuli var, rom is ganxorcielebadia. imedi maqvs, Cemze cuds ar ifiqrebT 272 Tukidide.indd 272 01.04.2013 14:47:21 imis gamo, rom dRes Cemi samSoblos dauZ inebel mtrebTan erTad Tavs vesxmi mas. me ltolvili var, magram gaviqeci Cemi mtrebis sulmdablobis gamo da ara imitom, rom Tqven gemsaxuroT. dau Zinebel mtrebad me gTvliT ara Tqven, romlebic omSi mtrebs vnebT, aramed maT, vinc aTens megobrebi daakargvina. sanam me moqalaqis uflebebiT vsargeblobdi, me miyvarda samSoblo, magram mas mere, rac mZime da daumsaxurebeli Seuracxyofa momayenes, me aRar var patrioti. Tumca, vfiqrob, rom axlac ar mivdivar samSoblos winaaRmdeg, radgan is aRar maqvs. Tumca, vcdilob kvlav movipovo igi. samSoblos namdvili megobari swored is aris, vinc misi usamarTlod dakargvis Semdegac eswrafvis mis mopovebas. am pirobebSi SegiZliaT CamrToT Tqvens saxifaTo da rTul wamowyebebSi. Tu me, rogorc mter ma, bevri ziani mogitaneT, axla SevZleb sasargeblo megobari gavxde. aTenSi CemTvis yvelaferi nacnobia, Tqven Sesaxeb ki mxolod raRacis mixvedra SemeZlo. Tqven iRebT axla umniS vnelovanes gadawyvetilebas. saswrafod gagzavneT eqspedicia siciliaze da gail aSqreT atikaze. patara razmsac Tu droulad miaxmarT, Tqven gadaarCenT did qalaqs da daamxobT aTenelTa Zlier ebas. amgvarad, Tqven mSvidad da usafrTxod icxovrebT Tqvens qveyanaSi da CaudgebiT saTaveSi mTel eladas, romelic sakuTari nebiTa da siyvaruliT dagemorCilebaT~. lakedemonelebi isedac fiqrobdnen aTenis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebaze, axla ki alkibiadesis sityvebma maTi gadawy vetileba gaamyara. maT daadgines, gaemagrebinaT dekelea da gaegzavnaT maSveli Zala siciliaze. sardlad giliposi daniS nes da ubrZanes, sirakuzelebTan da korinTelebTan moTaT birebiT mieRo yvela saWiro zoma. giliposma korinTelebs gemebi mosTxova da daiwyo sazRvao laSqrobisTvis samzadisi. sirakuzeli elCebi Sin dabrundnen. amasobaSi aTenSi Cavida trieri, romelic sardlebma Tanxisa da mxedrebis Camosay vanad gaagzavnes. aTenelebma moismines sardlebis Txovna da 273 Tukidide.indd 273 01.04.2013 14:47:21 daadgines maTTvis daxmarebis gagzavna. ase dasrulda zamTari da omis meCvidmete weli. momdevno gazafxuls aTenelebma gailaSqres katanadan da daarbies sirakuzis sanapiroeb i. ukan dabrunebulebs daxvdaT aTenidan gamogzavnili aRWurviloba oras ormocdaaTi mxed risaTvis, ocdaaTi moisari mxedari da samasi talanti vercxli. imave gazafxulze lakedemonelebma gailaSqres argosze, mag ram miwisZvris gamo ukan dabrundnen. Semdeg ukve argoselebma dalaSqres Tires olqi da ocdaxuTi talantis Rirebulebis nadavli igdes xelT. zafxulSi TespielTa saxalxo dajgufe bam scada ajanyeba, magram warumateblad. TebelTa daxmarebiT ajanyebulebi Seipyres, sxvebma ki aTens Seafares Tavi. zafxulSi sirakuzelebma gaiges, rom aTenelebs mxedrebi Semoematnen. isini fiqrobdnen, rom Tu mters ar miuSvebdnen qalaqis maxloblad mdebare maRlobze – epipolaze, maSin gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSic ki aTenelebi ver moaxerxebdnen qalaqis saalyo kedliT Caketvas. hermokratesma da misma amxa nagebma laSqris daTvalier eba ganizraxes, epipolas dasaca vad ki eqvsasi rCeuli hopliti daayenes androsidan devnili diomilosis sardlobiT. wina RamiT aTenelebma SeumCnevlad gadmosxes saxmeleTo jari qalaqidan eqvsi Tu Svidi stadionis daSorebiT, xolo flotma TafsosTan CauSva Ruza. mezRvaurebma koncxi gaa magres, xolo saxmeleTo laSqari swrafi marSiT gaemarTa epipolasken da mimdebare borcvi manamde daik ava, sanam sira kuzelebi amas SeamCnevdnen. domilosi gaemarTa maT Sesax vedrad, dablobidan ki danarCeni laSqaric daiZra. maT didi manZili hqondaT gasavleli da brZolaSi CarTva ise mouwiaT, rom saTanadod ver daewyvnen. sirakuzelebi damarcxdnen da qalaqs Seafares Tavi, diomilosi da misi samasi mebrZoli ki brZolis velze daecnen. aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmar Tes da sirakuzelebs maTi daRupulebi daubrunes. 274 Tukidide.indd 274 01.04.2013 14:47:21 meore dRes aTenelebi qalaqis kedlebTan mividnen, magram sirakuzelebi maT Sesaxvedrad ar gamosulan. maSin aTene lebma sursaTisa da aRWurvilobis Sesanaxad labdalosTan epipolaze simagre aages. male aTenelebs mokavSireTa oTxasi mxedari SeuerTda. sakuTar mxedrebTan erTad, visac cxenebi adgilze SeuZ ines, cxenosanTa raod enobam eqvsas ormocdaaTs miaRwia. aTeneleb ma labdalosSi garnizoni datoves, sikeze gaemarTnen da iq daiwyes kedlis mSenebloba. sirakuzelebi gaaoca mSeneblobis tempma. maT gadawyvites, xeli SeeSalaT aTenelTaTvis da gareT gamovidnen. magram laSqris mowyoba ver moaxerxes da qalaq Si Sebrundnen, aTenelTa Sesawuxeblad ki mxedrebi datoves. aTeneli hoplitebi da cxenosnebi ieriSze gadavidnen da uku aqcies isini. aTenelebma kvlav aRmarTes gamarjvebis niSani. momdevno dRes aTenelebma kedlis mSenebloba gaagrZeles. sirakuzelebma gadawyvites, aRar CaegdoT laSqari safrTxeSi. maT sakuTari kedlis mSenebloba wamoiwyes, romelic aTene lebs Seaf erxebda. aTenelebi xels ar uSlidnen sirakuzelebs muSaobaSi, rad gan ar undodaT Zalebis daqsaqsva, Tanac eCqarebodaT sakuTari mSeneblobis dasruleba. rodesac sirakuzelebma gadawyvi tes, rom Sveuli kedeli da meseri saimedoa, maT datoves iq patara razmi, TviTon ki qalaqSi dabrundnen. aTenelebma jer daangries wyalgayvaniloba, romliTac qalaqi wyliT maragde boda, Semdeg ki xelsayrel dros daelodnen da samasi rCeuli mebrZoliT Tavs daesxnen sirakuzelTa kedels. hoplitebma ieriSiT aiRes meseri da misi damcvelebi gaaqcies. danarCenma jarma ki daangria kedeli, daSala meseri da masala banakSi wai Ro. Semdeg aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. momdevno dRes aTenelebma gaagrZeles kedlis mSeneblo ba, sirakuzelebmac ganaaxles mesris mowyoba da mis gaswvriv Txrilic amoTxares, raTa aTenelebs kedeli zRvamde ver 275 Tukidide.indd 275 01.04.2013 14:47:21 mieyvanaT. aTenelebma Seut ies mesersa da Txrils. xomaldebs ubrZanes, Tafsosidan sirakuzis did navsadgurSi gadasuliy vnen. TviT aTenelebi ki gamTeniisas epipoladan dablobSi daeSvnen. maT farTo ficrebis daxmarebiT gadaiares Waobi da mzis amosvlisTvis daeuflnen mesersa da Txrils. brZo laSi upiratesoba kvlav aTenelTa mxareze iyo. sirakuzelTa marjvena frTa qalaqisken gaiqca, marcxenam ki mdinarisken daixia. aTenelebma samasi rCeuli hopliti gagzavnes xidis ken, raTa mowinaaRmdegisTvis gza moeWraT. sirakuzelebma maT winaaRmdeg TavianTi mxedrebis didi nawili gagzavnes. mxedrebma moaxerxes aTenelTa ukuqceva da mowinaaRmdegis marjvena frTas Seuties. es rom dainaxa lamaqosma, mSvildos nebisa da argoselebis mcire razmiT dasaxmareblad gaswia. magram maxeSi moeqca da daiRupa. sirakuzelebma daRupulebi usafrTxo adgilas gadaasvenes, xolo aTenelTa ZiriTadi razmebis mosvlis Semdeg ukan daixies. warmatebam qalaqSi gaqceuli sirakuzelebi gaamxneva. isini kvlav gamovidnen da aTenelTa marcxena frTis win sab rZolod moewyvnen. maT razmi gaagzavnes epipolas SemovliTi kedlis winaaRmdeg, radgan imedi hqondaT, rom dacvis gareSe darCenil kedels aiRebdnen. marTlac, maT moaxerxes kedlis patara monakveTis xelSi Cagdeba, magram isini SeaCera niki asma, romelic avadmyofobis gamo iq darCeniliyo. nikiasma ubrZana msaxurebs, cecxli waekidebinaT saalyo manqanebisa da xis masalisaTvis. mebrZolebis gareSe mas sxva gamosavali ar hqonda. cecxlma SeaCera sirakuzelebi da maT ukan daix ies. amasobaSi kedelTan aTenelTa razmi movida, xolo eskadram Tafsosidan did navsadgurSi gadainacvla. sirakuzelebma saswrafod Seafares Tavi qalaqs. maT ukve aRar SeeZloT kedlis mSeneblobisTvis xelis SeSla. aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes da sirakuze lebs daRupulebi gadasces, maTgan ki lamaqosisa da misi 276 Tukidide.indd 276 01.04.2013 14:47:21 mxleblebis cxedrebi daibrunes. rodesac yvela Zalas Tavi mouyares, aTenelebma gadawyvites sirakuzis ormagi kedliT moWra. sursaTi jarisTvis mTeli italiidan modioda. sikul Ta sxvadasxva tomi, vinc aqamde yoymanobda, axla aTenelebs SeuerTda. sirakuzelebma TiTqmis dakarges qalaqis gadar Cenis imedi, radgan peloponesidanac ki araferi ismoda. maT Soris gamoCnda xalxi, vinc mSvidobas iTxovda. maT nikiasTan molaparakebac daiwyes. magram saqme SeTanxmebamde ver mivida. amasobaSi giliposi da korinTuli gemebi levkadidan sici liisken moemarTebodnen. maT mouvidaT cnoba, rom sirakuza alyaSi iyo. giliposma dakarga siciliis SenarCunebis imedi da axla mxolod italiis gadarCenaze fiqrobda. TviT giliposi da korinTeli piTeni tarentSi gaemarTnen. danarCen korinTe lebs ki damatebiTi xomaldebis aRWurva ubrZanes. giliposma scada, mokavSireebi moepovebina italiaSi, magram uSedegod. nikiasma mSvidad miiR o cnoba giliposis moaxloebis Sesaxeb. xomaldebis am raodenobiT mowinaaRmdege mxolod mekobrul Tavdasxmebs Tu moawyobda. amitom nikiass usafrTxoeb is ara viTari damatebiTi zomebi ar miuRia. im zafxuls lakedemonelebma argosis miwa aaoxres. aTene lebma argoselebis dasaxmareblad ocdaaTi xomaldi gagzav nes, riTac aSkarad daarRvies lakedemonelebTan samSvidobo SeTanxmeba. aqamde isini mxolod yaCaRur Tavdasxmebs awyob dnen pilosidan. isini ar ekarebodnen lakoniis sanapiroebs da mxolod peloponesis sxva nawilebSi ibrZodnen rogorc argo selTa da mantineelTa mokavSireeb i. axla isini gadmosxdnen lakoniaSi da qveynis rbeva daiwyes, riTac lakedemonelebs safuZveli misces imis samtkiceblad, rom es ukanasknelni aTe nelTa winaaRmdeg TavdacviT oms awarmoeben. aTenelTa xomal debis lakoniidan, xolo lakedemonelTa argosidan wasvlis Semdeg argoselebi fleiu ntSi SeiWrnen da qveyana aaoxres. 277 Tukidide.indd 277 01.04.2013 14:47:21 meSvide wigni giliposma da piTenma amasobaSi ufro sarwmuno cnobebi miiRes sirakuzidan: saalyo kedeli jer ar iyo dasrulebuli da epipolas mxridan SeiZleboda qalaqSi SeRweva. sardlebi bWobdnen, romeli gza aerCiaT. bolos gadawyda, gimeraSi wasuliyvnen. isini ascdnen nikiasis mier maT winaaRmdeg gamog zavnil atikur xomaldebs da regiosisa da mesenas gavliT gimeraSi Cavidnen. giliposma da piTenma amoaTries xomaldebi napirze da adgilobrivebi daiyolies, cocxali ZaliTa da iaraRiT daxmarebodnen maT. maT seliuntelebsac mosTxoves daxmareba. maT mieSvelnen agreTve gela da sikulebi, romel Ta nawilic lakedemonelebs miemxro mefe arqonidasis gar dacvalebis Semdeg. amdenad, giliposma sirakuzaze Semdegi ZalebiT gailaSqra: Svidasi lakedemoneli sazRvao qveiTi, aTasi hopliti da msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiT i da asi mxeda ri gimeradan, msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiTebi seliuntidan da geladan, daaxloebiT aTasi sikuli. korinTelebic levkadadan Tavisi xomaldebiT sirakuzel Ta dasaxmareblad wavidnen. maTi pirveli xomaldi swored maSin Cavida, rodesac saxalxo kreba omis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb 278 Tukidide.indd 278 01.04.2013 14:47:21 gadawyvetilebis miRebas apirebda. maSvelma Zalam gaamxneva sirakuzelebi da isini qalaqidan gavidnen giliposis Sesaxved rad. is ki am droisaTvis epipolas moadga imave mxridan, sai danac adre – aTenelebi. giliposma da sirakuzelebma erTad Seuties aTenelTa simagreebs. is swored im dros gamoCnda, rodesac aTenelebma daasrules kedlis did navsadguramde Svidi Tu rva stadionis sigrZeze mSenebloba da patara monak veTiRa hqondaT darCenili, kedlis danarCeni nawilisaTvis ki masala ukve gamzadebuli hqondaT. aseTi safrTxis winaSeE iyo sirakuza. mtris moulodnelma gamoCenam jer daafrTxo aTenelebi, magram male isini sabrZolod moewyvnen kedlebTan. giliposma maT macne gaugzavna da siciliis xuT dReSi datoveba mosTxo va. aTenelebma es winadadeba upasuxod datoves. giliposi xedavda, rom sirakuzelTa rigebSi wesrigis dam yareba Zneli iqneboda, amitom ufro Ria adgilisken daixia. nikiasi ar daedevna mters da kedlebTan darCa. giliposis jarma Rame borcvze gaaTia. meore diliT is kvlav moadga aTenelTa kedlebs, raTa aTenelebi ver mixmarebodnen Tavis nawilebs sxva adgilas. patara razmi man labdalosis winaaR mdeg gagzavna, aiRo igi da tyveebi daxoca. imave dRes sira kuzelebma did navsadgurSi Ruzaze mdgomi aTenuri trieri Caigdes xelT. sirakuzelebma mokavSireebTan erTad daiwyes kedlis Sene ba epipolaze, raTa aTenelTaTvis xeli SeeSalaT. aTenelebs zRvasTan mSenebloba ukve dasrulebuli hqondaT da axla am adgils misdgomodnen. aTenelTa kedlis erTi nawili jer kidev susti iyo. swored aq miitana giliposma RamiT ieriSi. aTenelebma droulad SeamCnies mteri da mis Sesaxvedrad gamo vidnen. giliposma ukan daixia. aTenelebma gaamagres kedlis es monakveTi da Tavis Tavze aiRes misi dacva, mokavSireebi ki sxva adgilebSi ganalages. nikiasma gadawyvita gaemagrebina koncxi, 279 Tukidide.indd 279 01.04.2013 14:47:21 romelic didi navsadguris SesasvlelSi mdebareobda. amiT is sursaTiT momaragebis gaumjobesebas varaudobda. flotic ufro axlos CauSvebda Ruzas, axla ki mas mtris gamoCenisas zRvaSi gasvla ufro Soreuli adgilidan uwevda. saerTod, nikiasma meti yuradReba dauTmo sazRvao moqmedebebs, radgan giliposis mosvlis mere xmeleTze warmatebis naklebi imedi darCa. man jaris nawili da xomaldebi koncxze gadaiyvana da iq sami simagre aago. iq unda ganTavsebuliyo aRWurvilobisa da sursaTis sawyobi da iqve CauSvebdnen Ruzas satvirTo gemebi da swrafmavali trierebi. magram am gadawyvetilebam maT axa li gansacdeli moutana. sasmeli wyali Soridan gaxda sazidi da wyalsa da fiCxze gasul mezRvaurebs sirakuzeli mxedrebi esxmodnen Tavs. sirakuzelebma cxenosnebis nawili zevsis sam locvelosTan ganalages, raTa koncxis garnizoni ekontro lebinaT. amasobaSi nikiasma Seityo korinTelTa xomaldebis moaxloebis Sesaxeb da maT winaaRmdeg oci xomaldi gagzavna. am dros giliposi aTenelebis momaragebuli masaliT kedels aSenebda epipolaze. amasTan erTad, mas xSirad gamohyavda sira kuzelebi da mokavSireebi da maT sabrZolod awyobda kedel Tan. aTenelebic maT pirispir ewyobodnen. rodesac giliposma gadawyvita, rom ukve moqmedebis dro dadga, Seut ia mters. xelCarTuli brZola kedlebs Soris gaim arTa da sirakuzelTa cxenosani jari usargeblo aRmoCnda. sirakuzelebi damar cxdnen. maT dazavebis Semdeg daibrunes daRupulebi, xolo aTenelebma gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. maSin giliposma jari Sekriba da ganacxada, rom TviTon iyo damarcxebis mizezi. ami tom igi kvlav wava mtris winaaRmdeg. igi arwmunebda meomrebs, rom isini sabrZolo ZaliTa da SeiaraRebiT ar Camouvarde bodnen mowinaaRmdeges, xolo simamaciT aRematebodnen maT. man SearCia xelsayreli dro da kvlav Seut ia mters. nikiass esmoda, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi unda SeeSala xeli sirakuzelTa kedlis mSeneblobisTvis, radgan, Tu aTenelebi Tavis samuSaos 280 Tukidide.indd 280 01.04.2013 14:47:21 ver daasrulebdnen, saboloo miznisTvis erTi fasi eqneboda, moipovebdnen isini yovel jerze gamarjvebas wvril-wvril brZolebSi, Tu saerTod ityodnen brZolaze uars. amitom aTenelebi mtris Sesaxvedrad gavidnen. giliposma amjerad Tavisi hoplitebi kedlidan moSorebiT ganalaga, cxenosne bi da Subis mtyorcnelebi ki Ria adgilas daayena aTenelTa flangze. maT ukuaqcies aTenelTa marcxena flangi, Semdeg ki – mTeli laSqaric. momdevno Rames sirakuzelebma miiyva nes Tavisi kedeli aTenelTa kedlis xazis miRma. amieridan maT mSvidad SeeZloT gaegrZelebinaT samuSao, aTenelebs ki mouspes qalaqis alyaSi moqcevis imedi. korinTelTa Tormeti xomaldi gausxlta aTenelebs da Sevida sirakuzis did navsadgurSi. am xomaldebis ekipaJi daexmara sirakuzelebs kedlis mSeneblobis gagrZelebaSi. giliposi ki gaemarTa siciliis sxva olqebSi, raTa maSveli Zala da axali mokavSireeb i moep ovebina. maSveli Zala lakede monsa da korinTsac sTxoves. sirakuzelebmac daiwyes Tavisi xomaldebisTvis xalxis Sekreba da wvrTna, raTa aTenelebs zRvidanac dasxmodnen Tavs. nikiasi xedavda, rom mtris Zala dRiTidRe izrdeboda, xolo aTenelTa mdgomareoba sul ufro rTuli xdeboda. man Sikrikebi gagzavna aTenSi moTxovniT – an gaewviaT laSqari siciliidan, an mniSvnelovani maSveli Zala gamoegzavnaT. nikiasi ar endo bolomde Sikrikebs da Tavisi winadadebebi maT werilobiTi formiTac gaatana: imedi hqonda, rom aTenelebi ukeT gaerkveodnen saqmis viTarebaSi, Tu uSualod mis azrs gaecnobodnen. nikiasi sardlis movaleobis Sesrulebisas cdilobda gafrTxileboda laSqars da, Tu didi saWiroeba ar iyo, mas safrTxeSi ar agdebda. imave zafxulis miwuruls aTenelTa sardalma evetionma da perdikam TrakielTa didi jariT amfipolisze gail aSqres. qalaqis aReba maT ver moax erxes da misi alya daiwyes. 281 Tukidide.indd 281 01.04.2013 14:47:21 zamTris dasawyisSi aTenSi nikiasis Sikrikebi Cavidnen da saxalxo krebas gaacnes misi werili: `gadawyvetilebis misaRebad Tqven unda icodeT, raoden rTul mdgomareobaSi aRmovCndiT: mas mere, rac sirakuzeleb Tan TiTqmis yvela brZolaSi gavimarjveT da saalyo simagre avaSeneT, aq Camovida lakedemoneli giliposi peloponeselTa da sicilielTa laSqriT. pirvel brZolaSi Cven gavimarjveT, xolo meoreSi cxenosnebisa da Subis mtyorcnelebis dawo lis Sedegad iZulebulebi viyaviT, simagreSi dagvexia. axla mowinaaRmdegis ricxobrivi upiratesobis gamo SevwyviteT kedlis mSenebloba da umoqmedod varT. amasobaSi mterma Cven winaaRmdeg aaSena kedeli, ris gamoc qalaqis alyas ver davasrulebT, Tu vinme ar mova didi laSqriT da ar daikavebs am Sveul kedels. ise moxda, rom Tavad aRmovCndiT alyaSi: mtris cxenosnebis SiSiT banakidan Sors ver gavdivarT. garda amisa, mterma peloponesidan gamoiTxova daxmareba, xolo giliposi siciliaze agrovebs maSvel Zalas. ramdenadac gavige, mteri apirebs Tavs daesxas Cvens simagres xmeleTida nac da zRvidanac. nu gagakvirvebT zRvidan Tavdasxmis azri. marTlac, Cveni floti Tavidan mSvenier mdgomareobaSi iyo: xomaldebi – mSrali da ekipaJi – sruli SemadgenlobiT. axla xomaldebi wyliT gaiJRinTa, ekipaJi ki SeTxelda. xomaldebi gasaSrobad napirze ver amogvyavs, radgan mudmivad mtris Tavdasxmas veliT. mowinaaRmdegis gemebi Tavisuflad manev rireben da maTzea damokidebuli, Tavs dagvesxan Tu xomal debi gaaSron. meti xomaldi rom gvyavdes da isini ar undebodnen Tval Tvals, mainc gagviWirdeboda winaaRmdegobis gaweva. Tu xomaldebis nawils TvalTvalisgan gavaTavisuflebT, sursa TiT momarageba Segviwydeba. axlac didi gaWirvebiT vaxerxebT mis Semotanas. ekipaJebis Semadgenloba ki imitom Semcirda, rom banakidan wyalze an fiCxze gasulebs cxenosnebi xoca 282 Tukidide.indd 282 01.04.2013 14:47:21 ven. mas mere, rac upiratesoba davkargeT, Cveni msaxurebi da moqiravneebi garbian. SegaxsenebT, rom xomaldis ekipaJi sanimuSo mdgomareo baSi cota xniT imyofeba. magram CemTvis ZiriTadi sirTule imaSia, rom ar SemiZlia mdgomareobis Secvla. ar vici, saidan Sevavso ekipaJebi. mowinaaRmdegis SesaZlebloba ki, am mxriv, amouwuravia. Cven mxolod im xalxis imediT varT, vinc aq CamoviyvaneT. naqsosi da katana, romlebic jer kidev Cvens mxareze arian, ver dagvexmarebian. SeiZleba Segviwydes moma rageba italiidan da maSin ubrZolvelad danebeba mogviwevs. me SemeZlo TqvenTvis ufro sasiamovno cnobebic momewo debina, magram, vfiqrob, swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad Tqven zusti monacemebi gWirdebaT. garda amisa, vicnob Tqvens xasiaTs, Tqven mxolod sasiam ovno ambebis mosmena gsurT da Semdeg, rodesac saqme cudad wava, sxvas adanaSaulebT. me ufro usafrTxod miviCnie, ar damemala simarTle. rac Seexeba Tavdapirvel amocanas, garwmunebT, rom rogorc rigiTma meomrebma, aseve sardlebma vali patios nad moix ades da ar imsaxureben sayvedurs. magram axla mTe li sicilia erTiandeba Cvens winaaRmdeg da peloponesidan maSvel Zalas elis. Cven aRar SegviZlia arsebuli ZalebiT mters winaaRmdegoba gavuwioT. amitom Tqven an unda gaiwvioT laSqari Sin, an gamogvigzavnoT mniSvnelovani saxmeleTo da sazRvao Zala, agreTve – didi fuli. bolos, gTxovT, mipovoT Semcvleli, radgan Tirkmlebis daavadebis gamo aq veRar dav rCebi. Tqveni gulisxmierebis imedi maqvs. sanam janmrTeli viyavi, patiosnad gemsaxureT. miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi saswrafod SeasruleT gazafxulis dadgomisTanave, radgan mowinaaRmdege male miiRebs daxmarebas~. aTenelebma moismines nikiasis gzavnili da gadawyvites, igi Tanamdebobaze daetovebinaT. damxmare Zalis Casvlam de mas ori TanaSemwe dauniSnes, raTa sardlobis tvirTi 283 Tukidide.indd 283 01.04.2013 14:47:21 SeemsubuqebinaT. gadawyda, damatebiT gaegzavnaT floti da qveiTi jari demosTenesis da evrimedonis sardlobiT. evrimedoni aTi xomaldiTa da oci talanti vercxliT sas wrafod gaemgzavra. demosTenesi aTenSi darCa da gazafxulze wasasvlelad emzadeboda: man mokavSireebs jaris gamogzavna mosTxova, aTenSi ki fuls, aRWurvilobas, xomaldebsa da hoplitebs agrovebda. aTenelebma gagzavnes oci xomaldisgan Semdga ri eskadra peloponesis wylebSi, raTa siciliaze maSveli Zalis gagzavnisTvis xeli SeeSalaT. marTlac, korinTosSi siciliidan sasixarulo cnobebis Camosvlis Semdeg korin Telebi gamxnevdnen da iq hoplitebis gagzavnas apirebdnen. lakedemonelebsac unda gaegzavnaT hoplitebi. garda amisa, korinTelebma ocdaxuTi xomaldi aRWurves navpaqtosze Tavdasasxmelad, raTa aTenelebs maTi satransporto geme bisTvis gza ar gadaeRobaT. aseve emzadebodnen lakedemonelebi atikaSi SesaWrelad. sirakuzelebi da korinTelebi sTxovdnen maT amas, raTa sici liaSi aTenelTa axali eqspediciis gagzavna SeeyovnebinaT. alkibiadesic urCevda maT, gaemagrebinaT dekelea da daewyoT omi. mTavari ki is iyo, rom lakedemonelebma sakuTari Zalebis rwmena daibrunes. isini fiqrobdnen, rom aTenelebs iolad daamarcxebdnen, radgan maT or frontze uwevdaT brZola. maT amxnevebda isic, rom amjerad aTenelebma daarRvies sam Svidobo xelSekruleba. wina omSi, piriqiT, xelSekruleba TviTon daarRvies, radgan Tebelebi daesxnen Tavs plateas, xolo TviTon ar isurves aTenelebTan davis sasamarTloSi gadawyveta. amitom lakedemonelebi Tavis marcxs damsaxure bulad miiCnevdnen. mas mere, rac aTenelTa ocdaaTi xomaldi argosidan lakedemons Tavs daesxa, xelSekrulebis damrRvevi ukve aTeni gaxda. imave zamTars lakedemonelebma mokavSireebs mosTxoves masala da iaraRi dekeleas gasamagreblad. amasTan, 284 Tukidide.indd 284 01.04.2013 14:47:21 daiwyes laSqris Segroveba siciliaze gasamgzavreblad. ase dasrulda omis meTvramete weli. gazafxulis dadgomisTanave lakedemonelebi agisis sar dlobiT atikaSi SeiWrnen. maT aaoxres dablobi da misi mida moebi, xolo Semdeg daiwyes dekeleaSi simagris mSenebloba. dekelea aTenidan daaxloeb iT as oci stadioniTaa daSorebu li. odnav naklebi manZilia iqidan beot iis sazRvramde. sanam mSenebloba midioda, peloponesidan siciliaze hoplitebi gagzavnes: eqvsasi lakedemoneli, samasi beotieli, xuTasi korinTeli da orasi sikioneli. jer kidev zamTarSi aRWur vili ocdaxuTi korinTosuli xomaldi navpaqtosTan idga oci atikuri xomaldis pirispir, sanam hoplitebma satvirTo gemebiT ar datoves peloponesi. sanam lakedemonelebi dekeleas amagrebdnen, aTenelebma qariklesis sardlobiT ocdaaTi xomaldi gagzavnes argosSi, raTa, xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, argoseli hoplitebi wamoey vanaT. aTenelebma siciliaze gagzavnes demosTenesi, samoci aTenuri, xuTi qiosuri xomaldiTa da aTas orasi hopli tiT. demosTenesi jer unda mixmareboda qarikless lakoniis dalaSqvraSi. gazafxulze giliposi dabrunda sirakuzaSi siciliaze Segrovili maSveli ZalebiT, Semdeg man sirakuzelebs mos Txova aReWurvaT rac SeiZleba meti xomaldi da bedi sazRvao brZolaSi ecadaT. mas imedi hqonda, rom omis beds zRvaze warmateba gadawyvetda. mas hermokratesmac dauWira mxari da sirakuzelebma sazRvao brZolisTvis daiwyes samzadisi. xomaldebis aRWurvis Semdeg giliposma RamiT saxmeleTo Zalebi daZra koncxze agebuli simagris dasalaSqrad. imave dros sirakuzelTa xomaldebic zRvaSi gavidnen – ocdaTxuT meti trieri didi navsadguridan, xolo ormocdaxuTi – mci redan, sadac sirakuzelebs gemsaSeni hqondaT. aTenelebic saswrafod dasxdnen TavianT samoc xomaldze. maTgan ocda 285 Tukidide.indd 285 01.04.2013 14:47:21 xuTi SeebrZola sirakuzelTa ocdaTxuTmet xomalds did navsadgurSi. danarCenebi ki gemsaSenidan momavali xomalde bis winaaRmdeg gaemarTnen. didi navsadguris SesasvlelTan xangrZlivi brZola gaimarTa. sanam aTenelebi napiridan Tvals adevnebdnen zRvaze gan viTarebul movlenebs, giliposi Tavs daesxa simagreebs da sakmaod iolad aiRo isini. simagris damcvelebma satvirTo xomaldiT miaRwies aTenelTa banaks. zRvaze Tavidan siraku zelebs hqondaT upiratesoba. magram SemdgomSi mainc aTene lebma sZlies. sirakuzelebma uwesrigod miaSures napirs da Tavs uSveles. aTenelebma CaZires sirakuzelTa TerTmeti xomaldi, maTi ekipaJi ki daxoces. mxolod sami xomaldis eki paJi aiyvanes tyved. TviTon aTenelebma sami xomaldi dakar ges. maT akrifes sirakuzelTa xomaldebis namtvrevebi da kunZulze koncxis pirdapir gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes, Semdeg ki banakSi dabrundnen. sazRvao brZolaSi damarcxebis miuxedavad, sirakuzelebma daikaves koncxi da iq gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. erTi simag re mTlianad daangries, orSi ki Tavisi garnizoni Caayenes. am simagreebis aRebisas bevri daiRupa an tyved Cavarda. agreTve, maT xelT aRmoCnda aTenelTa sursaTisa da aRWurvilobis maragi. es iyo aTenelTa pirveli didi warumatebloba. laS qarma ki mxneoba dakarga. amis Semdeg sirakuzelebma Tormeti xomaldi gagzavnes. erTma elCebi waiyvana peloponesSi, raTa lakedemonelebis Tvis sasixarulo ambavi Caet anaT. danarCenebi ki italiisken wavidnen, raTa gaenadgurebinaT transporti, romelsac aTe nelTaTvis sursaTi da aRWurviloba mohqonda. garda amisa, maT dawves aTenelTa flotisTvis gamzadebuli xis masala. peloponesidan satvirTo xomaldma Tespieli hoplitebi Camoiyvana. sirakuzelebma aiyvanes isini TavianT xomaldebze da Sin dabrundnen. aTenelTa guSagma xelT igdo erTi xomal 286 Tukidide.indd 286 01.04.2013 14:47:21 di ekipaJiT, danarCenebma ki sirakuzas Seaf ares Tavi. Tavad navsadgurSi brZola moxda im meseris gamo, romelic zRvis fskerze daamagres Zvel gemsaSenTan, raTa Ruzaze mdgomi xomaldebi aTenelTa Tavdasxmisgan daecvaT. aTenelebma miayenes mesers uzarmazari satvirTo xomaldi (aTi aTasi talantis tevadobis) xis koSkebiTa da damcavi jebirebiT. maT Tokebi moab es mesers da miaTrevdnen mas, xolo myvinTa vebi wyalqveS xerxavdnen samagrebs. sirakuzelebi maT Zveli gemsaSenidan esrodnen, aTenelebi ki satvirTo xomaldidan. bolos, aTenelebma moaxerxes meseris didi nawilis dangreva. Tumca, SemdgomSi sirakuzelebma axali aages. mxareebi igo nebdnen sxvadasxva saSualebas, rogor evnoT erTmaneTisTvis. gamudmebiT xdeboda wvrili Setakebebi. sirakuzelebma gag zavnes elCebi siciliis qveynebSi da amcnes koncxis dakaveba. elCebs unda daerwmunebinaT sicilielebi, rom sirakuzelebs gamarjvebis imedi aqvT, da daxmareba eTxovaT. amasobaSi demosTenesma Sekriba siciliaSi gasamgzavrebeli floti da eginidan peloponesisken daiZra. is SeuerTda qarik lesis eskadras. sardlebma aiyvanes xomaldebze argoseli hoplitebi da lakonias daesxnen Tavs. maT daarbies qveyana, xolo Semdeg kiTeraze gadasxdnen. iq maT aages simagre, raTa moewyoT baza yaCaRuri TavdasxmebisTvis. Semdeg demosTe nesi kerkirasken gaemarTa, raTa iq mokavSireebi aeyvana da siciliisken wasuliyo. qariklesi ki mSeneblobis dasrule bamde iq darCa, Semdeg garnizoni datova, TviTon ki ocdaaTi xomaldiTa da argoselebiT Sin dabrunda. imave zafxuls aTenSi Camovida aTas samasi Trakieli pel tasti, romlebic demosTeness unda gahyolodnen siciliaz e, magram maT daagviandaT da aTenelebi yoymanobdnen, xom ar gaegzavnaT isini ukan, radgan dekeleas omSi maTi Senaxva Zvi ri daujdebodaT. dekelea Tavidan peloponeselTa mTelma laSqarma gaamagra, Semdeg ki aq rigrigobiT idgnen mokavSire 287 Tukidide.indd 287 01.04.2013 14:47:21 qalaqebis garnizonebi. maTi TareSi didad vnebda aTenelebs. Zveli SemoWrebi ar iyo xangrZlivi da ar uSlida glexebs xels, Sual edebSi mosavali aeRoT. axla ki, rodesac mteri atikaSi gamagrda, mas mudmivi TareSis saSualeba mieca. aTenelebi ki did gansacdelSi Cacvivdnen. maTi qveyana TiTqmis mTlianad mtris xelSi iyo, oci aTasi mona, ZiriTadad, xelosnebi, gaiq cnen. saqoneli TiTqmis mTlianad gawyda. sursaTi evbeadan adre oroposisa da dekeleas gavliT Semodioda, axla ki zRviT SemohqondaT sunionis gavliT, ris gamoc is gaZvirda. qalaqi samxedro banaks daemsgavsa. mas aklda yvelaferi, rac adre garedan SemohqondaT. dRisiT aTenelebi miwayrilebTan darajobdnen, RamiT ki saguSagoebsa da ked lebze. magram yvelaze rTuli ori omis warmoeba iyo. mainc gasaocari iyo maTi swrafva gamarjvebisken. miuxedavad imisa, rom TviTon TiTqmis alyaSi iyvnen, aTenelebi mainc ar moeSvnen sicilias da agrZelebdnen sirakuzis alyas. es qalaqi zomiT aTens ar Camouvardeboda. aravin eloda maTgan aseT Zalasa da mxneobas. erTni fiqrobdnen, rom omi erT wels gastanda, sxva ni – ors an sams. vin ifiqrebda, rom maT miwaze mtris TareSis pirobebSi, aTenelebi Cvidmetwliani omis Semdeg kidev axal oms wamoiwyebdnen siciliasTan – aranakleb mZimes, vidre pirveli iyo. uzarmazarma xarjebma da dekeleadan miyenebulma zaralma aTenelebi ukidures gasaWirSi Cahyara. am dros Zveli xarkis nacvlad maT mokavSireebs dauweses gadasaxadi – saqonlis Rirebulebis erTi meoc edi. amjerad, aTenelebma ukan gaistumres Trakielebi, rom lebmac demosTeness ver Camouswres, maT gamcilebels ki daavales ise wasuliyvnen, rom gzadagza mowinaaRmdegis Tvis rame evnoT. Trakielebma jer tanagris olqSi Caigdes xelT nadavli, Semdeg ki beotiaSi gadasxdnen da mikalesoss daesxnen Tavs. Rame maT hermesis samlocvelosTan gaatares, xolo dRisiT qalaqSi SeiWrnen. mosaxleobisTvis Tavdasxma 288 Tukidide.indd 288 01.04.2013 14:47:21 sruliad moulodneli iyo. zRvisgan moSorebiT isini Tavs usafrTxod grZnobdnen da qalaqi ar iyo gamagrebuli. Tra kielebma daiwyes saxlebisa da samlocveloebis Zarcva da mosaxleobis umowyalo Jleta. Trakielebi, veluri barbaro sebis msgavsad, Tu maT safrTxe ar elis, uaRresad sastikni arian. axlac didi ubedureba daatriales. isini skolasac ki Tavs daesxnen da yvela bavSvi mokles. Tebelebi saswrafod wamovidnen dasaxmareblad. isini qala qidan moSorebiT daewivnen Trakielebs da waarTves nadavli. Semdeg mters sdies zRvamde, sadac gemebi elodebodaT. bevri Trakieli xomaldze asvlisas daiRupa, radgan barbarosebma curva ar icodnen, xolo xomaldebi napirisgan moSorebiT idga. Tavidan Trakielebi moxerxebulad igeriebdnen mxed rebis Tavdasxmas. sul oras ormocdaaTi Trakiel i daiR upa, Tebelebma ki oci mebrZoli da erTi sardali dakarges. mika lesosma mis mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT eladaSi yvelaze mZime danaklisi ganicada. amasobaSi demosTenesma aago simagre lakonikaSi da kerki rasken gacura. eleaSi is waawyda satvirTo xomalds, romel sac korinTeli hoplitebi mihyavda siciliaze da mospo igi. xalxi ki gadarCa da SemdgomSi sxva gemiT wavida siciliisken. demosTenesi Cavida ZakinTossa da kefaleniaSi, sadac mas hoplitebi SeuerTdnen. man gamoiZaxa mesenieli hoplitebic navpaqtosidan da akarnaniaSi gadavida. aq demosTenesi Sexvda siciliidan dabrunebul evrimedons, romlisganac iqauri ambebi Seityo. aq maTTan movida navpaqtosis sardali kononi da daxmareba sTxova korinTelTa eskadris winaaRmdeg brZo laSi. demosTenesma da evrimedonma konons aTi swrafmavali xomaldi misces, TviTon ki laSqris Segrovebas agrZelebdnen. sirakuzelma elCebma koncxis dakavebis Semdeg miimxres sicilielTa qveynebi da iq laSqari Seagroves. nikiasma sTxova aTenelTa mokavSire sikulebs, ar gaetarebinaT TavianT miwa 289 Tukidide.indd 289 01.04.2013 14:47:22 ze mowinaaRmdegeebi. sikulebi Causafrdnen sicilielebs da moul odneli TavdasxmiT rvaas kacamde dauxoces. daiRupnen elCebic, garda korinTelisa. swored man Caiyvana sirakuzaSi aTas xuTasi kaci. im dReebSi sirakuzelebma daxmareba miiRes kamarinadan: xuTasi hopliti, samasi Subis mtyorcneli da samasi mSvil dosani. geladan xuTi xomaldi, oTxasi Subis mtyorcneli da orasi mxedari movida. marTlac, TiTqmis mTeli sicilia gaerTianda aTenelTa winaaRmdeg. sirakuzelebi sikulebisgan miRebuli dartymis mere moeridnen aTenelebze Tavdasxmas. amasobaSi demosTenesma da evrimedonma Seavses laSqari kerkirasa da xmeleTze da italiaSi gadavidnen. aq maT daiwyes molaparakebebi axal mokavSireTa mopovebaze. daaxloebiT amave dros peloponeselTa eskadra navpaq tosTan aTenelTa eskadris pirispir idga. peloponeselebma damatebiTi xomaldebi aRWurves, TiTqmis gauTanabrdnen ricxobrivad aTenelebs da sabrZolvelad gaemzadnen. maT gadainacvles aqaias sanapirosTan, naxevarmTvaris formis yureSi. dasaxmareblad mosulma saxmeleTo jarma orive kon cxi daik ava, xomaldebi ki xazze idgnen. aTenelTa ocdacameti xomaldi navpaqtosidan gamoem arTa maT winaaRmdeg. brZola didxans gagrZelda. korinTelTa sami xomaldi CaiZira. aTene lebs, marTalia, xomaldi ar daukargavT, magram Svidi dazianda korinTelTa gemebTan Sejaxebisas. swored am mizniT korin Telebma maT ufro mZlavri taranebi dauy enes. brZola uSe degod dasrulda. orive mxare Tavs gamarjvebulad miiCnevda da orivem gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTa. korinTelTaTvis didi warmateba is iyo, rom ar damarcxebulan. aTenelebi ki marcxad aRiqvamdnen imas, rom gadamwyvet gamarjvebas ver miaRwies. amasobaSi Turielebma aTenelTa dasaxmareblad Svidasi hopliti da samasi Subis mtyorcneli gamoiyvanes. demos Tenesi da evrimedoni italiis sanapiros gaswvriv daiZrnen. 290 Tukidide.indd 290 01.04.2013 14:47:22 aTenelTa axali eskadris moaxloeba rom Seityves, siraku zelebma gadawyvites, maT mosvlamde xelmeored ecadaT bedi. maT SemoiRes garkveuli siaxleebi, ramac wina brZolaSi maT erTgvari upiratesoba misca. daamokles xomaldebis wina nawi li, riTac ufro gaaZlier es igi. aq moaTavses msxvili Zeli – tarani, romelic sagangebod daamagres xomaldis gverdebze ganlagebul eqvsi wyrTis sigrZis samagrebze. amgvari mowy obiloba hqondaT korinTelTa xomaldebsac navpaqtosTan brZolaSi. sirakuzelebi amgvarad fiqrobdnen upiratesobis mopovebas aTenelTa xomaldebze, romlebsac ufro Txeli wina nawili hqondaT. is gaTvlili iyo ieriSze gverdidan, magram ver gauZlebda pirdapir Sejaxebas. navsadguris siviwrove Si aTenelebs ar unda hqonodaT mowinaaRmdegis mwyobris garRvevis an gverdidan ieriSis mitanis saSualeba. amitom sirakuzelebs SeeZloT gamoeyenebinaT is ileTi, romelic adre mesaWes Secdomad CaeTvleboda – pirdapiri Sejaxeba. napirTan misasvlelic aTenelebs mxolod erT viwro zolSi hqondaT, rac maTi rigebis arevasa da xomaldebis Sejaxe bas gamoiwvevda. aTenelebs swored es vnebda yvelaze metad sazRvao brZolebSi. aseTi gegma SeimuSaves sirakuzelebma. pirveli warmatebiT gaTamamebulebma gadawyvites erTdroulad mietanaT ieriSi zRvidan da xmeleTidan. giliposi qalaqidan ufro adre gamo vida da aTenelTa kedlisken gaemarTa. meore mxridan daiZrnen sirakuzelTa hoplitebi, mxedrebi da msubuqad Seia raRebuli qveiTebi. Semdeg sirakuzelTa eskadrac gavida zRvaSi. aTene lebi jer mxolod xmeleTidan elodnen Tavdasxmas. eskadris gamoCenam SeaSfoTa isini. erTni kedlebis dasacavad gavidnen, sxvebi ki saswrafod xomaldebze dasxdnen da mters Seegebnen. aTenelebs samocdaTxuTmeti xomaldi hyavdaT sirakuzelTa oTxmoci xomaldis winaaRmdeg. mTel dRes mowinaaRmdegeebi manevrirebdnen, magram verc 291 Tukidide.indd 291 01.04.2013 14:47:22 erTma mxarem ver miaRwia rame upiratesobas da erTmaneTs gae ridnen. ukan daixia sirakuzelTa saxmeleTo jarmac. meore dRes sirakuzelebs mSvidad eWiraT Tavi. nikiasi axal ieriSs eloda da zomebi miiRo. man brZana dazian ebuli xomaldebis SekeTeba, xolo zRvis fskerze CarWobil damcav meserTan didi satvirTo gemebi daayena, raTa mis xomaldebs saimedo TavSesafari hqonodaT. momdevno dRes dilaadrian sirakuzelebma kvlav wamoiwyes ieriSi zRvidan da xmeleTidan. orive eskadra kvlav pirispir manevrirebda. maSin korinTelma aristonma aseT xerxs mimar Ta. misi rCeviT, qalaqidan sanapiroze gadmoitanes bazroba. sirakuzelebi ukan gabrundnen, napirze gadavidnen da sadilad dasxdnen. aTenelebma ifiqres, mteri qalaqSi dabrunda da brZolis ganaxlebas aRar apirebso da isinic napirze gadmo vidnen, mSvidad mixedes sakuTar saqmeebs. uecrad sirakuzele bi isev dasxdnen xomaldebze da ieriSze gadavidnen. aTenelebi uwesrigod miawydnen TavianT gemebs, bevrma sadilobac ver moaswro. erTxans mowinaaRmdegeebi kvlav pirispir idgnen, bolos aTenelebma damqancvel molodins Seteva amjobines. sirakuzelTa taranebma da xomaldebze myofma Subis mtyor cnelebma didi ziani miayenes aTenelTa flots. aTenelebi damarcxdnen da ukuiqcnen. sirakuzelebma maT satvirTo xomaldebamde sdies. aq maT gza gadauRobes xomal debidan CamoSvebulma delfinebianma Zelebma. devniT garTul sirakuzelTa ori xomaldi aq daiRupa, erTi ekipaJiTurT tyved Cavarda. sirakuzelebma ki aTenelebis Svidi xomaldi CaZires da bevri daazianes. maTi ekipaJebi ki daiRupa an tyved Cavarda. sirakuzelebi ukan gabrundnen da orive sazRvao brZolis aRsa niSnavad gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. am dRidan maT irwmunes sakuTari upiratesoba da gamarjvebis imedi gauCndaT. sirakuzelebi axal Tavdasxmas amzadebdnen, rodesac demos Tenesi da evrimedoni Camovidnen aTenelTa maSveli ZalebiT: 292 Tukidide.indd 292 01.04.2013 14:47:22 samocdacameti xomaldi, xuTi aTasi hopliti, mravali Subis mtyorcneli, meSurdule da mSvildosani. sirakuzelebi da maTi mokavSireebi gaaogna aTenelTa xilvam. miux edavad dekeleaSi mtris dgomisa, aTenelebma siciliaze gagzavnes axali laSqa ri, romelic pirvels ar Camouvardeboda. maTi Zala usazRvro Canda. nikiasis meomrebi ki gaamxneva maSvelis mosvlam. demosTenesma gadawyvita, dro ar daekarga da nikias is dRe Si ar aRmoCeniliyo. marTlac, nikiasi Tavidan SiSis zars scem da mters, magram radgan man ar Seutia sirakuzas da katanaSi daiz amTra, SiSic gaqra. amasobaSi giliposma peloponesidan Camoiyvana laSqari, romelsac sirakuzelebi arc ki uxmobdnen, nikias i rom maT dauyovnebliv dasxmoda Tavs. isini mxolod maSin mixvdebodnen, ra daemarTaT, rodesac saalyo kedliT iqnebodnen moWrilni, da maSin veRarc peloponeselTa daxma reba gamoadgebodaT. ase fiqrobda demosTenesi da Cqarobda esargebla im STabeWdilebiT, misma Camosvlam mterze rom moaxdina. igi xedavda, rom qalaqis alyis dasrulebas sira kuzelTa Sveul i kedeli uSlida. igi erT rigad iyo nagebi da Tu epipolaze asasvlelsa da iq mdebare banaks daeufleboda, kedelsac iolad aiRebda. saWiro iyo gadamwyveti moqmedebebi, rac oms wertils dausvamda. warmatebis Semdeg igi sirakuzas aiRebda, xolo marcxis SemTxvevaSi ukan dabrundeboda, raTa aTenelTa Zalebi da saxsrebi tyuilubralod ar eflanga. aTenelebi banakidan gamovidnen da sirakuzis sanaxebis rbeva daiwyes. Semdeg demosTenesi Seecada kedeli saalyo manqanebis gamoyenebiT aeRo. magram, rogorc ki manqanebi kedels miayenes, kedlis damcvelebma maT cecxli waukides da ieriSic moigeries. maSin demosTenesma nikiasisa da sxva sardlebis TanxmobiT epipolaze Tavdasxmis gegma SeimuSa va. dRisiT epipolaze asvla SeuZlebeli Canda. man moamaraga meomrebi xuTi dRis sagzliT, xelosnebiT da aRWurvilobiT, rac warmatebis SemTxvevaSi saalyo samuSaoebisTvis dasWir 293 Tukidide.indd 293 01.04.2013 14:47:22 debodaT, da pirveli Zilis dros epipolasken daiZra, nikiasi ki banakSi darCa. aTenelebi SeumCnevlad avidnen epipolaze, pirveli simagre xelT igdes da garnizonis nawili amoxoces. danarCenebi gaiqcnen sam danarCen simagreSi da sirakuzelebs mtris moaxloeba amcnes. yvelaze axlos sirakuzelTa eqvsas kaciani razmi idga. igi maSinve gamoemarTa demosTenesTan Sesaxvedrad. medgari winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, demosTe nesma daamarcxa da ukuagdo isini da winsvla ganagrZo. mas ar surda xelsayreli SesaZleblobis gaSveba da undoda bolom de mieyvana saqme. aTenelTa danarCenma razmebmac win waiw ies, aiRes kedeli da miwayrilis dangrevas Seudgnen. sirakuze lebma, maTma mokavSireebma da giliposma sasawrafod daZres sakuTari razmebi saSvelad. magram maT ver moaswres sworad dawyoba. aTenelebma isini ukuagdes da uwesrigod daedevnen, Tavi ukve gamarjvebuli egonaT. beotielebma pirvelebma gauwies maT winaaRmdegoba da gaaqcies isini. axla ukve aTenelebi airivnen. maT ar SeeZloT mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb zusti cnobebis miReba. dRisiTac ki, rode sac yvelaferi ukeT Cans, frontis erT monakveTze xSirad ar ician, ra xdeba sxvagan. rogorRa unda warmoedginaT brZo lis suraTi ori didi laSqris RamiT Serkinebisa? marTalia, mTvariani Rame iyo da raRacis danaxva xerxdeboda, magram Wirda mtrisa da moyvris garCeva – mxareeb i arc aRWurvilo biT gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan da arc eniT. aTenelTa zogi razmi imarjvebda, zogic marcxdeboda, laSqris didi nawili ki axali asuli iyo simaRleze da ver xvdeboda, saiT wasuliyo. saSinel xmaurSi meomrebi uyvirodnen erTmaneTs, magram verafers agebinebdnen. aTenelebis ZiriTadi Zalebis simaRleze asvlis dros maTi avangardi ukve ukuiqca. maT ki yvela, vinc maTken modioda, mteri egonaT da parols ekiTx ebodnen. amgvarad, paroli male mtrisTvisac cnobili gaxda. didad avno maT peanma, romelsac orive mxares myofi dorie 294 Tukidide.indd 294 01.04.2013 14:47:22 lebi erTnairad mRerodnen. areulobaSi ara marto mokavSi reeb i, megobrebi da axloblebic aRmarTavdnen erTmaneTze iaraRs. epipoladan Camosasvleli cicabo iyo. amitom gaq ceulebma iaraRi dayares da Camosvlisas bevri daimtvra da dasaxiCrda. qvemoT CamosulTagan Zvelma mebrZolebma iolad miagnes banaks, axalCamosulebs ki gza daebnaT da sirakuzeli mxedrebis msxverplni gaxdnen. meor e dRes sirakuzelebma gamarjvebis ori niSani aRmar Tes: epipolas mwvervalze mimaval gzaze da iq, sadac beotie lebma pirvelad SeaCeres aTenelebi. dazavebis Semdeg aTene lebma daRupulTa cxedrebi daibrunes. cicaboze daSvebisas mebrZolebma farebi dayares da maTi farebi mowinaaRmdegem Caigdo xelSi. mebrZolTa nawili daiRupa, nawili ki gadarCa. gamarjvebam sirakuzelebi gaamxneva. maT kvlav elCebi daag zavnes mTel siciliaz e maSveli Zalis saTxovnelad. epipolaze warmatebis Semdeg maT aTenelTa banakze ieriSi ganizraxes. amasobaSi aTeneli sardlebi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb bWobdnen. isini xedavdnen, rom maTi wamowyebebi uSedego iyo, xolo meomrebi daTrguna siciliaze xangrZlivma yof nam. bevri avad gaxda, radgan Waobiani adgilis maxloblad iyvnen dabanakebuli. meomrebs TavianTi mdgomareob a uimedod miaCndaT. amitom demosTenesi fiqrobda, rom aRar Rirda siciliaze darCena. epipolaze marcxis Semdeg umjobesi iyo drouli gabruneba, sanam amindi zRvaosnobas xels ar uSlida, xolo axali eskadra zRvaze upiratesobas uzrunvelyofda. misi azriT, saxelmwifos unda ebrZola sakuTar miwaze SeW ril mterTan da ara sirakuzelebTan, romelTa damarcxebac axla Zalian Zneli gaxda. ugunureba iyo agreTve usasrulo alyaze saxelmwifo saxsrebis xarjva. nikiasic mdgomareobas uaRresad saxifaTod miiCnevda, magram ar undoda sajarod aTenelTa sisusteze laparaki, raTa amis Sesaxeb mowinaaRmdeges ar Seetyo. Tu isini ukan 295 Tukidide.indd 295 01.04.2013 14:47:22 daxevas gadawyvetdnen, am gegmis SeumCnevlad gatareba Zneli iqneboda. garda amisa, nikiass sxva sardlebze ukeT hqonda warmodgenili mtris mdgomareoba da mas jer kidev hqonda imis imedi, rom alyis gonivrulad gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi mteri uares mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda, vidre aTenele bi. marTlac, rodesac mters fuli gauTavdeboda, aTenele bi SeZlebdnen maTi winaaRmdegobis daZlevas, miT umetes, rom zRvaze axlac aTenelebi batonobdnen. da bolos, TviT sirakuzaSi iyo xalxi, visac undoda qalaqis aTenelTaTvis Cabareba. isini sTxovdnen nikiass, ar moexsna alya. aqedan gamomdinare, nikiasi meryeobda. Tavis oficialur gamosvlaSi ki ukan daxevas mxari ar dauWira. is ambobda, rom maT aravin apatiebda unebarTvod ukan dabrunebas. aTenSi maT ganaCens gamoutanda xalxi, vinc ar yofila siciliaSi da warmodgena ar hqonda saqmis viTarebaze. nikiass erCia brZolaSi daRupuli yo, vidre Sin usamarTlo braldebaTa msxverpli gamxdariyo. amasTan, man icoda, rom sirakuzelTa mdgomareoba mZime iyo. maT uamravi fuli daexarjaT daqiravebul meomrebze, qalaqis gamagrebasa da flotis Senaxvaze. ori aTasi talanti maT ukve daxarjuli hqondaT da axla didi valebis aReba mouwevdaT, radgan Tu xarjebs SezRudavdnen, swrafad damarcxdebodnen. demosTenesi alyis gagrZelebis winaaRmdegi iyo da fiqrob da, rom Tu laSqari aTenelTa nebarTvis gareSe ver datovebda sicilias, umjobesi iqneboda banaki TafsosSi an katanaSi gada etanaT. iqidan aTenelebi marbieli laSqrobebiT aaoxrebdnen qveyanas da mters didad avnebdnen, TviTon ki sursaTs moip o vebdnen. sazRvao brZola, demosTenesis azriT, unda gaemarTaT ara viwro adgilas, mowinaaRmdegisTvis xelsayrel pirobebSi, aramed Ria zRvaSi, sadac aTenelebis sazRvao xelovneba da manevris Tavisufleba maT upiratesobas miscemda. amdenad, adgilze dgoma demosTeness Secdomad miaCnda. igi iTxovda, rac SeiZleba swrafad daZruliyvnen iqidan. evrimedonic izi 296 Tukidide.indd 296 01.04.2013 14:47:22 arebda demosTenesis azrs, magram sardlebi yoymanobdnen. gadawyvetileba ver miiR es da, Sesabamisad, adgilze darCnen. amasobaSi giliposi dabrunda maSveli ZaliT. peloponeseli hoplitebi qariSxalma libiis napirebTan mireka da mxolod axla movidnen isini seliuntSi. hoplitebis Camosvlis mere sirakuzelebma kvlav daiwyes aTenelebze ieriSisTvis mza deba zRvidan da xmeleTidan. aTenelma sardlebma dainaxes, rom mowinaaRmdegem maSveli Zala miiRo, xolo maTi mdgoma reoba uaresdeboda jarSi gavrcelebuli avadmoyofobebis gamo. maT inanes, rom adre ar wavidnen sirakuzidan da daiwyes samzadisi imisTvis, rom SeumCnevlad daetovebinaT banaki. rodesac yvelaferi mzad iyo, mTvare dabnelda da aTenelTa umravlesobam sardlebs gamgzavrebis gadadeba mosTxova. nikiasic, romelic amgvar niSnebs did yuradRebas aqcevda, winaaRmdegi iyo daZruliyo adgilidan, sanam samjer cxra dReE ar gavidoda. aTenelebi sirakuzasTan darCnen. sirakuzelebma Seityves aTenelTa gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da gamxnevdnen: radgan aTenelebs wasvla gadaewyvitaT, e.i. Tavis mdgomareobas cudad afasebdnen. amasTan, sirkuzelebs ar undodaT, rom aTenelebi siciliis sxva adgilas damkvidre buliyvnen, da gadamwyveti brZolis gamarTva Caifiqres. maT zRvaSi gaiyvanes xomaldebi da saswavlo manevrebs atarebdnen. xelsayrel dros ki ieriSi miitanes aTenelTa simagreze. maT winaaRmdeg hoplitebisa da mxedrebis patara razmi gamovida. sirakuzelebma isini ukuaqcies. brZolaSi aTenelebma samoc daaTi cxeni da ramdenime hopliti dakarges. im dRes sirakuzelebma ukan daixies. meore dRes maTi eskad ra, romelic samocdaTeqvsmeti xomaldisgan Sedgeboda, zRvaSi gavida. amave dros aTenelTa simagres saxmeleTo jarma Seutia. aTenelTa oTxmocdaeqvsi xomaldi mowinaaRmdegesTan Sesaxvedrad daiZra. aTenelTa eskadris marjvena frTaze evrimedoni Seecada SemovliTi manevris ganxorcielebas, 297 Tukidide.indd 297 01.04.2013 14:47:22 magram Zalian gaWima sabrZolo xazi da napirs miuaxlovda. sirakuzelebma aTenelTa centri daamarcxes, Semdeg ki evri medoni navsadguris siRrmeSi moimwyvdies. TviTon evrimedoni daiRupa, misi xomaldebi ki ganadgurda. mteri daed evna aTenis eskadras da cdilobda igi napirisken miereka. giliposma SeniSna, rom mtris xomaldebi marcxdebodnen da napirze im adgils uaxlovdebodnen, romelic aTenelebs ar hqondaT dakavebuli. is daiZra im napirisken, raTa mowinaaR mdege gadmosxdomisas gaenadgurebina. tirsenebma, romlebic aTenelTa pozicias icavdnen, SeamCnies, rom mowinaaRmdege uwesrigod utevda da dasaxmareblad mividnen. isini daesxnen mowinaaRmdegis mewinave razms da WaobSi Serekes. TavianTi xomaldebis bediT Sewuxebuli aTenelebic daiZrnen sira kuzelTa winaaRmdeg. maT gaimarjves xelCarTul brZolaSi, ukuaqcies mteri da devnisas hoplitebi dauxoces. aTenelebma gadaarCines eskadris didi nawili, magram Tvrameti xomaldi Tavis ekipaJianad daiRupa. aTenelTa xomaldebis mosaspobad sirakuzelebma aseT xerxs mimarTes: Zveli satvirTo xomaldi fiCxiTa da fisiani CiraRdnebiT gaavses, cecxli moukides da qars gaat anes, romelic aTenelebisken uberavda. aTeneleb ma droulad mimarTes saWiro zomebs da es safrTxe Tavidan aiciles. amis mere sirakuzelebma aRmarTes gamarjvebis niSani, rad gan sazRvao brZola moiges da aTenelTa simagresTan hopli tebis razmi daam arcxes. aTenelebmac aRmarTes gamarjvebis niSani, radgan xmeleTze sirakuzelTa ukugdeba moaxerxes. aTenelebi gatexa demosTenesis eskadris marcxma. sabrZo lo bedis Semobrunebam maT imedi gaucrua. magram kidev ufro didi iyo sinanuli am laSqrobis gamo. siciliaze aTenelebi pirvelad daupirispirdnen msgavsi kulturisa da saxelmwifo wyobis qveynebs. maT verc ganxeTqileba Seitanes am qveynebSi da verc samxedro ZaliT daTrgunes isini. maTi gaTvlebi ar 298 Tukidide.indd 298 01.04.2013 14:47:22 gamarTlda da, Tu adrec xvdebodnen Tavisi mdgomareobis sirTules, zRvaze marcxis Semdeg is katastrofuli aRmoCnda. gamarjvebis Semdeg sirakuzelebi Tamamad dacuravdnen navsadguris gaswvriv da ketavdnen mis gasasvlels. axla isini sakuTar gadarCenaze ki aRar fiqrobdnen, aramed imaze, rom aTenelTaTvis moespoT gadarCenis imedi. isini TavianT mdgo mareobas sruliad samarTlianad xelsayrelad miiCnevdnen da darwmunebulebi iyvnen, rom sabolood daamarcxebdnen aTenelebs xmeleTsa da zRvaze, rac elinTa TvalSi udidesi gmiroba iqneboda. maSin sxva elinebic moip ovebdnen Tavisuf lebas, xolo sirakuzelebi – didebas. sirakuzasTan brZolaSi, ama Tu im mxares, TiTqmis mTeli elada monawileobda. magram erT mxares aTenelebi warmoad gendnen wamyvan Zalas, meore mxares ki – sirakuzelebi. sira kuzelebs didi imedi hqondaT, rom sabolood daamarcxebdnen aTenelebs da ar miscemdnen maT arc zRviT da arc xmeleTiT ukan daxevis saSualebas. maT gadaketes didi navsadguridan gasasvleli, romelic daaxloebiT rva stadioni siganisa iyo. garda amisa, maT miiRes sxva zomebi im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu aTenelebi kidev gabedavdnen zRvaze brZolas. aTeneli sardlebi kvlav saTaTbirod Seikribnen. maT gadawyvites daetovebinaT zemo simagreebi da gaemagrebi naT rac SeiZleba mcire sivrce TavianTi gemebis maxloblad, avadmyofebisa da aRWurvilobisaTvis. jaris danarCeni nawili unda asuliyo gemebze da gadamwyveti brZola gaemarTa. gamar jvebis SemTxvevaSi katanas mimarTulebiT wavidodnen, xolo Tu damarcxdebodnen, xomaldebs dawvavdnen da ecdebodnen xmeleTze gaekafaT gza im mimarTulebiT, sadac barbarosi an elini megobrebi egulebodaT. asec moiqcnen. maT farulad datoves zemo simagreebi da xomaldebze dasxes xalxi. sul as aTi xomaldi aRWurves. nikiasma gamamxnevebeli sityviT mimarTa mebrZolebs: 299 Tukidide.indd 299 01.04.2013 14:47:22 `TanamebrZolebo, Cven mivdivarT brZolaSi, romelic TiToeuli CvenganisTvis Tanabrad aris sicocxlisTvis da samSoblosTvis brZola. Tu gavimarjvebT, zogi Cvengani mainc ixilavs samSoblos. amitom nu davRondebiT axalbedebiviT, visTvisac pirveli marcxis Semdeg SiSi TviTon iqceva ubedu rebad. unda gaxsovdeT, rom omSi moulodnelobebi xdeba. im imediT, rom bedi isev gagviRimebs, unda wavideT sabrZolve lad da viomoT ise, rogorc Cvens did laSqars SeSvenis. Cven miviReT yvela zoma, romlebic, Cveni azriT, gamogvadgeba im mowyobilobaTa winaaRmdeg, riTic mterma dagvamarcxa. Cven xomaldebze gvyavs mSvildosnebi da Subis mtyorcnelebi. Ria zRvaSi rom gviwevdes brZola, rasakvirvelia, amden xalxs ar aviyvandiT, radgan gadatvirTuli gemi cudad manevrirebs. magram axla Cven xomaldebidan ise unda vibrZoloT, TiTqos xmeleTze varT. Cven movigoneT sxvadasxva mowyobiloba, riTic xomaldebis brZolisunarianoba gavzardeT. Cven gvaqvs saab ordaJo kauW ebi rkinis TaTebiT, romlebic Sejaxebis mere mowinaaRmdegis xomalds aRar gauSvebs. radgan Cven xomal debze ise unda vibrZoloT, rogorc xmeleTze, cxadia, arc TviTon unda davixioT ukan da arc mteri gavuSvaT, miT ufro, rom sanapiro TiTqmis mTlianad mtris xelSia. es unda gvaxsovdes da ar mivceT maT saSual eba napirTan migvimwyvdion. mowinaaRmdegis xomalds rom gadaebmebiT, mxned unda idgeT, sanam maT hoplitebs gembanidan ar gaday riT. amas pirvel rigSi hoplitebs vavaleb, radgan es aris gembanze myofi meomrebis ZiriTadi amocana. Cven unda gavi marjvoT saxmeleTo ZalebiT. meniCbeebs ki vTxov, nu daaRo nebT warsuli warumateblobebi. Cveni gemebi axla ukeT aris mowyobili da gemebic axla ufro meti gvyavs. aTenelebo, kidev erTxel SegaxsenebT, rom gemsaSenebSi aRar gvyavs amgvari xomaldebi da Tqven veRar Segcvlian axal gazrda hoplitebi. Tu Tqven ver gaimarjvebT, Tqveni aqauri 300 Tukidide.indd 300 01.04.2013 14:47:22 mtrebi maSinve eladas miaSureben da Tqveni Tanamemamulee bi veRar moaxerxeben mtris mogeriebas. amis Sedegad Tqven sirakuzelTa xelSi aRmoCndebiT, xolo Tqveni Tanamemamu leebi – lakedemonelTa batonobis qveS. am brZolaSi wydeba Tqveni da maTi bedi. amitom magrad ideqiT da gaxsovdeT, rom TiToeu li Tqvengani warmoadgens flotsac, laSqarsac da Tqvenze dgas aTenis saxelmwifo. Tu romelime Tqvengani rame codniT an RirsebiT gamoirCeva, axla gamoavlinos es. ukeTesi saSualeba mas aRar eqneba~. nikiasma am sityvebis Semdeg brZana xomaldebze asvla. gili possa da sirakuzelebs kargad esmodaT aTenelTa survili. garda amisa, sirakuzelebma winaswar gaiges rkinis kauWebis Sesaxeb da maT sawinaaRmdego zomebi miiRes: xomaldebis wina nawilsa da gverdebs tyavi gadaakres, rom kauWi masze gas rialebuliyo da gems ver CasWideboda. rodesac yvelaferi mzad iyo, giliposma da sxva sardlebma TavianTi meomrebi gaamxneves: `Tqveni sagmiro saqmeebisa da momavali brZolis Sesaxeb, romelic axal didebas mogvitans, Tqven rasakvirvelia iciT, magram mainc SegaxsenebT. aTenelebi movidnen aq, raTa daimor Cilon sicilia, Semdeg peloponesi da bolos mTeli elada. maT ukve miaRwies udides Zlierebas elinur saxelmwifoTa Soris. Tqven pirvelebi iyaviT, vinc isini zRvaze daamarcxa. Tqven, cxadia, axlac gaimarjvebT, radgan, rodesac adamiani iq marcxdeba, sadac gansakuTrebiT Zlieri da gamocdilia, is Tavis ZalebSi rwmenasa da mxneobas kargavs. aseT dReSi arian axla aTenelebi. Tqven ki gabedeT maTTan brZola, rodesac jer kidev gamoucdelebi iyaviT. axla Zlevamosilebi gaxdiT da sruli safuZveli gaqvT, rom kidev gaimarjvoT. rac See xeba maT mcdelobas, miiRon Cvens sabrZolo mowyob ilobaTa sapirispiro zomebi, is maT warmatebas ar moutans. Cven kargad vicnobT am saSualebebs da mzad varT. aTenelebs Cveulebis 301 Tukidide.indd 301 01.04.2013 14:47:22 sawinaaRmdegod bevri hopliti da sxva saxmeleTo mebrZoli hyavT gemebze. rogor aicileben gadatvirTviT gamowveul safrTxesa da areulobas am uCveulo situaciaSi? maTi xomal debis ricxobrivi upiratesoba maT ar uSvelis, radgan viwro adgilas xomaldebis simravle manevrebs aferxebs. Cven ki Cveni mowyob ilobebis meSveob iT mters did zians movutanT. dabo los, getyviT namdvil mizezs, ris gamoc Cven unda gavimar jvoT. gamouvalma mdgomareobam aTenelebi sasowarkveTamde miiyvana. isini ufro metad iRbals endobian, vidre sakuTar mzadyofnas. maT surT gaaRwion aqedan zRviT an xmeleTiT, radgan ician, rom amaze uaresi aRaraferi mouvaT. maS, SevutioT Cvens mosisxle mtrebs, romlebic bedma Cven winaSe daaCoqa. gaxsovdeT, adamians aqvs ufleba Suri iZios mterze da am tkbil SurisZiebas Cven male aRvasru lebT. xolo aTenelebi rom Cveni dauZinebeli mtrebi arian, Tqven kargad iciT. isini aq Cvens dasamoneblad movidnen. ami tom araviTari dandoba mters. maT rom davamarcxebT, mTel sicilias Tavisuflebas SevunarCunebT. es mSvenieri jildoa gamarjvebisTvis~. am sityvebis mere giliposma da sirakuzelma sardlebma laSqari xomaldebze dasxes. bolo wuTs nikiasma xifaTis moaxloeba igrZno da daibna. mas eCveneboda, rom yvelaferi ar iyo mzad da xalxisTvis kidev raRacis Tqma undoda. man kvlav Sekriba xomaldebis meTaur ebi da maT saTiTaod mimarTa, gaixsena maTi Zveli damsaxurebebi da mouwoda simamacisken. amis Semdeg nikiasma saxmeleTo jari sanapirosken daZra da sabrZolo xazi maqsimalurad gaWima, raTa xomaldebze myofni gaemxnevebina. demosTenesma ki sadgomi datova da navsadgu ridan gasasvlelisken gacura. sirakuzelebsa da maT mokavSireebs daaxloebiT imdenive xomaldi hyavdaT, ramdenic adre. maTi nawili navsadguridan gasasvlelis Casaketad daayenes, danarCenebi ki mTel navsad 302 Tukidide.indd 302 01.04.2013 14:47:22 gurSi ganlagdnen, raTa aTenelebisTvis yvela mxridan See tiaT. amave dros sirakuzelTa qveiT i jari ise ganlagda, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xomaldebs daxmareboda. aTenelebma ieriSi miitanes gasasvlelSi mdgom xomaldebze da Seec adnen, jaWvi gaerRviaT. sirakuzelebi da maTi mokavSireebi yvela mxridan Tavs daesxnen aTenelebs da ficxel i brZola gaCaRda. mebrZolebi orive mxridan did xelovnebasa da Tavganwirvas iCendnen. jer arasodes ubrZolia amden xomalds aseT patara teritoriaze. orive mxridan TiTqmis orasi xomaldi iyo. isini ver iyenebdnen sazRvao brZolisTvis damaxasiaTebel ileTebs. ZiriTadad, SemTxveviTi Sejaxebebi xdeboda, rodesac erTi xomaldi meores gaurboda da mesames ejaxeboda. sanam geme bi erTmaneTs uaxlovdebodnen, meomrebi erTmaneTs Subebs, isrebsa da qvebs esrodnen, xolo rodesac axlos mividodnen, gembanze myofTa Soris xelCarTuli brZola imarTeboda. saxmeleTo jari orive mxridan daZabulad adevnebda Tvals sazRvao brZolas. aTenelebs mTeli imedi xomaldebze hqon daT gadatanili da maT momavlis winaSe SiSi ipyrobda. xangrZlivi da sastiki brZolis Semdeg, romelSic orive mxarem didi danakargi ganicada, mainc sirakuzelebma gai marjves. maT akrifes xomaldebis namtvrevebi da daRupulTa cxedrebi, qalaqSi dabrundnen da gamarjvebis niSani aRmar Tes. Tavzardacemul aTenelebs arc ki uTxoviaT TavianTi daRupulebi dasakrZalad. isini mxolod imaze fiqrobdnen, Tu rogor gaeRwiaT iqidan. demosTenesma urCia nikiass, asu liyvnen gadarCenil xomaldebze da kidev erTxel ecadaT navsadguridan gasvla. igi amtkicebda, rom aTenelebs meti gamarTuli xomaldebi darCaT, vidre mowinaaRmdegeebs. mar Tlac, maT kidev samoci xomaldi hqondaT, mtrebs ki ormoc daaTamde. nikiasi daeTanxma am azrs, magram SeSinebuli xalxi uars ambobda asuliyo xomaldebze. maSin gadawyda xmeleTiT ukan daxeva. sirakuzeli hermok 303 Tukidide.indd 303 01.04.2013 14:47:22 ratesi miuxvda aTenelebs Canafiqrs. is saxifaTod miiCnevda, rom mtris didi laSqari siciliaze sxvagan gamagrebuliyo da iqidan daewyo axali omi sirakuzis winaaRmdeg. amitom man mimarTa xelisuflebas winadadebiT, xeli SeeSalaT aTenelTa Ramis manevrisTvis. misi rCeviT, sirakuzelebi unda daZru liyvnen mTeli laSqriT, Caex ergaT gzebi da daecvaT viwro gasasvlelebi. xelisuflebas es winadadeba moew ona, magram maT ver aiZules xalxi gamarjvebis Semdeg, Tanac herakles zeimis dros, kvlav sabrZolvelad gasuliyvnen. maSin her mokratesma aseT xerxs mimarTa. man miagzavna ramdenime kaci aTenelTa banakTan. maT Tavi nikiasis megobrebad waradgines da gaafrTxiles aTenelebi, ar gasuliyvnen RamiT, radgan gzebi Caxergili iyo. aTenelebma daijeres da ramdenime dRiT kidev banakSi darCnen. isini cdilobdnen moemaragebinaT yvelaferi, rac gzaSi dasWirdebodaT. amasobaSi sirakuzelebma da giliposma daik aves is gzebi, romlebiTac aTenelebi unda wasuliyvnen. sirakuzelTa xomaldebi ki miadgnen napirs da aTenelTa gadarCenili gemebi buqsiriT waaTries. sazRvao brZolidan mesame dRes nikiasma da demosTenesma gadawyvites, rom yvelaferi mzad iyo banakis dasatoveblad. aTenelTa mdgomareob a saSineli iyo. maT dakarges TavianTi xomaldebi da didi gamarjvebis nacvlad sakuTari Tavic da saxelmwifoc gansacdelSi Caagdes. garda amisa, banakic saza reli sanaxavi iyo. daRupulebi ar daum arxavT. mkvdrebis gver diT tovebdnen daWrilebsa da avadmyofebsac. maTi mudara da tirili kidev ufro Trgunavda laSqars. isini exvewebodnen TavianT axloblebs waeyvanaT Tan, magram laSqars amis saSu aleba ar hqonda. maT Trgunavda aseve gaurkveveli momavali. ukan daxeva waagavda mosaxleob is gaqcevas mtris mier daka vebuli didi qalaqidan: es brbo daaxloebiT ormoci aTasi kacisgan Sedgeboda. amasTan, TiToeul mebrZols mihqonda yve 304 Tukidide.indd 304 01.04.2013 14:47:22 laferi, rac sWirdeboda. hoplitebi da mxedrebic ki iaraRis garda miaTrevdnen sursaTsac, radgan zogs msaxurebi aRar hyavda, zogi ki maT aRar endoboda. sursaTic cota hqondaT, puri TiTqmis aRar iyo banakSi. erTgvari nugeSi maTTvis is iyo, rom am dReSi uamravi xalxi aRmoCnda. nikiasi xedavda misi meomrebis daTrgunul mdgomareobas da cdilobda gaemxnevebina isini: `aTenelebo da mokavSireebo! am saSinel mdgomareobaSic ar unda dakargoT imedi. sxvas uaresi gansacdelisTvisac dauRwevia Tavi. nu daidanaSaulebT Tavs calkeul waruma teblobebsa da daumsaxurebel ubedurebaSi, rac Tavs dag vatyda. ai, mec ra dReSi Camagdo avadmyofobam. arc piradi keTildReobiT, arc kerZo, arc saxelmwifo saqmeebSi sxvas ar Camovuvardebodi. axla ki rigiT meomrebTan erTad var am gansacdelSi. amasTan, me arasodes miRalatia Cemi valisTvis RmerTebis winaSe da yovelTvis patiosani viyavi adamianebTan urTierTobaSi. amitom axlac, miuxedavad yvelafrisa, imediT vuyureb momavals. Cveni gansacdeli ar maSinebs, radgan is male dasruldeba. Cvens mtrebs bedi ukve didi xnis manZilze swyalobda, da Tu Cven siciliaSi laSqrobiT romelime RvTae ba ganvarisxeT, ukve sakmarisad gamovisyideT Cveni danaSauli. amitom, imedi maqvs, RmerTi axla ufro gulmowyal e gaxdeba. Cven mis TanagrZnobas ufro vimsaxurebT, vidre Surs. Tu Tqven Tavs SexedavT, rodesac abjarasxmulebi sab rZolo nabijiT midixarT, Tqveni bedi ar unda gadardebdeT. Tu sadme dabanakdebiT, SegiZliaT qalaqic SeqmnaT da sici liis verc erTi sxva qalaqi ver SeZlebs TqvenTan gamklave bas. axla Tqven Tavad unda adevnoT Tvali imas, rom Tqveni laSqroba mowesrigebulad midiodes. TiToeuli goji miwa, romlisTvisac giwevT brZola, SeiZleba iqces Tqvens dasay rdenad. Cven gauCereblad unda viaroT dRe da Rame. sakvebi cota gvaqvs da Tavs samSvidoboze mxolod maSin vigrZnobT, 305 Tukidide.indd 305 01.04.2013 14:47:22 rodesac Cveni mokavSire sikulebis miwas mivaRwevT. Cven ukve gavugzavneT maT brZaneba, rom dagvxvdnen da sakvebi mog vawodon. gaxsovdeT, mamacebi unda iyoT, radgan aq ar aris adgili, sadac Tavis Sefarebas SeZlebT. Tu aqedan gavaRwi eT, isev naxavT imas, rac gvinda – samSoblosa da axloblebs. Tqven, aTenelebo, aRadgenT Tqveni qveynis Zlierebas. qveyana xom xalxia da ara kedlebi da carieli xomaldebi~. ase amxnevebda nikiasi Tavis jariskacebs. amgvarad iqceoda demosTenesic. aTenelTa laSqari marTkuTxed ad iyo dawyo bili: win nikiasis razmi midioda, mas demosTenesi mihyveboda, aRali SuaSi iyo moqceul i da mas hoplitebi icavdnen. xidTan maT gza sirakuzelebma gadauRobes. aTenelebma ukuagdes mteri da gza gaagrZeles. sirakuzelebi maT ar asvenebdnen. mxedrebi flangebidan esxmodnen Tavs, xolo msubuqad Sei araRebuli qveiTebi Subebs esrodnen. im dRes aTenelebma mdinaris marjvena napirze ormoci stadioni gaia res da Rame romeliRac borcvTan gaaTies. meor e dRes isini dilaadri an daiZrnen, oci stadioni gaiares, dablobSi daeSvnen da iq dabanakdnen. maT undodaT wylis maragis Sevseba. amasobaSi sirakuzelebma maT isev mouWres gza da cicabo ferdobebze ganlagdnen. meore dRes aTenelebma gza ganagrZes. magram sirakuzeli mxedrebis Semotevis gamo, xangrZlivi brZolis mere, iZulebulebi gaxdnen banakSi dabrunebuliyvnen. meore diliT aTenelebi kvlav daiZrnen banakidan. brZola ganaxlda. aTenelebma ver moaxerxes simaRlis aReba da dasas veneblad ukan daixies. am dros SemodgomisaTvis Cveuli Weqa- quxili da wvima daiwyo. es aTenelebma cud niSnad miiCnies. sanam isini isvenebdnen, giliposma da sirakuzelebma laSqris nawili gagzavnes aTenelTa zurgSi, raTa ukan dasaxvevi gza moeWraT. aTenelebmac gagzavnes razmi maT winaaRmdeg. Semdeg kidev daixies dablobis siRrmeSi da Rame Ria cis qveS gaata res. Semdegma dRemac ase Caiara. aTenelebma xuTi Tu eqvsi 306 Tukidide.indd 306 01.04.2013 14:47:22 stadioni gaia res da dasasveneblad gaCerdnen. sirakuzelebi TavianT banakSi dabrundnen. aTenelebi umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyvnen. maT ar hyofnidaT sakvebi da mterTan gauTavebeli Setakebebis gamo bevri daW rili hyavdaT. nikiasma da demosTenesma gadawyvites CiraR dnebi aenToT da RamiTve daZruliyvnen, magram ara im gziT, romliTac Tavdapirvelad midiodnen, aramed sapirispiro mimarTulebiT, sadac maT sirakuzelebi ar elodnen. nikia sis razmi swrafad midioda, magram demosTenesis razmis didi nawili CamorCa. dilas orive razmma zRvas miaRwia da iqidan mdinaris xeobas auyvnen sikulebis qveynisaken. mdinaresTan maT kvlav sirakuzelTa razmma gadauRoba gza. aTenelebma isic ukuaqcies da svla gaagrZeles. amasobaSi sirakuzelebma da mokavSireebma aRmoaCines, rom aTenelebi banakidan wasuliyvnen. maT eWvi gauCndaT, rom giliposma maT gaqcevis saSualeba misca. sirakuzelebi daedevnen mters da aTenelebs SuadRisTvis daewivnen. isini maSinve ekveTnen demosTenesis razms. nikiasi ki daaxloebiT ormocdaaT i stadioniT win iyo. igi demosTenesze ufro swra fad midioda da miiCnevda, rom swored swrafi ukan daxeva da ukidures SemTxvevaSi brZolaSi Cabma gadarCenis met imeds iZleoda. demosTenesma zurgSi sirakuzelebi dainaxa da gadawyvita maT SebrZoleboda. razmis sabrZolod dawyob aze man sakmao dro dakarga da sirakuzelebis alyaSi aRmoCnda. sirakuzelebi eridebodnen xelCarTul brZolas. maT Sori dan esrodnen isrebsa da Subebs. mTeli dRe ase gagrZelda. Semdeg giliposma da sirakuze lebma macnes meSveobiT gamoacxades, rom kunZulis mkvidrT SeeZloT maT mxareze gadasvla da Tavisuflebis SenarCuneba. marTlac, ramdenime qveynis razmi sirakuzelebis mxareze gadavida. Semdeg demosTenesis danarCenma mebrZolebmac dayares iaraRi im pirobiT, rom maT sicocxles SeunarCu 307 Tukidide.indd 307 01.04.2013 14:47:22 nebdnen. sul eqvsi aTasi kaci danebda. fuli, rac hqondaT, meomrebma farebze dayares. ase gaivso oTxi fari, romlebic sirakuzelebma saswrafod qalaqSi waiRes. Semdeg dRes sirakuzelebi daew ivnen nikiass, acnobes mas demosTenesis danebebis Sesaxeb da masac igive mosTxoves. nikiass amis dajereba ar undoda da mxedari gaagzavna, rom darwmunebuliyo amaSi. mxedari male dabrunda da daadastura, rom demosTenesis razmi marTla danebda mowinaaRmdeges. maSin nikiasma SesTavaza gilipossa da sirakuzelebs, rom dadebda xelSekrulebas aTenelTa saxeliT da aunazRaurebda siraku zelebs omis xarjebs, Tu isini mis jars gauSvebdnen. fulis gadaxdamde is mZevlad utovebda aTenelebs TiTo kacs erT talantze. giliposma da sirakuzelebma uaryves es winadade ba. isini Tavs daesxnen aTenelebs, alyaSi moaqcies da yoveli mxridan isrebi da Subebi dauSines. aTenelTa mdgomareoba Zalian mZime iyo. maT gadawyvites, RamiT gasclodnen iqauro bas, magram sirakuzelebma SeniSnes es da pean is simRera daiwyes. aTenelebma uari Tqves gaqcevaze, garda erTi samaskaciani raz misa, romelmac mtris yarauli gaarRvia da alalbedze wavida. meore dRes brZola ganaxlda. aTenelebi cdilobdnen mieR wiaT iseTi adgilisTvis, sadac mowinaaRmdegis mxedrebi maT veRar Seawuxebdnen. maT miaRwies mdinaremde da uwesrigod miaSures mas. mteri maT zurgidan utevda da meore napirze gadasvlaSi xels uSlida. mowyurebuli mebrZolebi wyals dae wafnen. mteri ki am dros isrebsa da Subebs ayrida maT. bevri daxoces. bolos nikiasi danebda giliposs, radgan mas ufro endoboda, vidre sirakuzelebs. nikiasma sTxova, igi moeklaT, oRond xocva-Jleta SeewyvitaT. amis Semdeg giliposma brZana, aTenelebi tyved aeyvanaT. yvela meomari, imaT garda, vinc sira kuzelebma farulad waiyvanes, tyved Cavarda. sirakuzelebma mxedrebi daadevnes im samas meomars, romlebic Rame gaiqcnen, da xelT igdes isini. saxelmwifos mier tyved ayvanilebze 308 Tukidide.indd 308 01.04.2013 14:47:22 bevrad meti iyo farulad datyvevebuli da mTeli sicilia gaivso aseTi tyveebiT. bolo brZola yvelaze sisxlismRvreli aRmoCnda da iq Zalian bevri daiRupa, Tumca bevrma moaxerxa gaqceva an uSualod brZolis mere an SemdgomSi – monobidan da maT katanas Seafares Tavi. sirakuzelebi da mokavSireeb i erTad Segrovdnen, wamoiyvanes tyveebi, wamoiRes nadavli da qalaqSi dabrundnen. tyveebi qvis samtexloSi gagzavnes. maTi azriT, yvelaze saimedo adgilas, xolo nikiassa da demosTeness, miuxedavad giliposis winaaRmdegobisa, sikvdili miusajes. giliposs imedi hqonda, rom sxva sagmiro saqmeebTan erTad mas did saxels moutanda lakedemonSi mtris sardlebis Cayvana. erT-erTi maTgani, demosTenesi, misi dauZinebeli mteri iyo, meore ki – megobari. marTlac, nikiasma daadebina aTenelebs zavi da miaRwia tyveeb is ganTavisuflebas. amis gamo lake demonelebi mis mimarT kargad iyvnen ganwyobili da nikias ic swored amitom endo giliposs. magram is xalxi sirakuzaSi, vinc nikiass emxroboda, axla SiSobda, mas isini ar gaeTqva. korinTelebi ki fiqrobdnen, rom nikiasi moaxerxebda Tavis gamosyidvas da saxlSi dabrunebuli maT axal usiam ovnebas moutanda. es da msgavsi mosazrebebi gaxda nikiasis sikvdiliT dasjis mizezi. igi Cemi drois elinTa Soris yvelaze naklebad imsaxurebda amgvar beds. pirvel xanebSi sirakuzelebi sastikad epyrobodnen qvis samtexloebSi myof tyveebs. uamravi adamiani hyavdaT Rrma da viwro saTavsoebSi Seyrili. dRisiT isini mzis sxivebisa da sicxisgan itanjebodnen, xolo Semodgomis Rames – sicivisgan. bevri daavadda. samocdaaTi dRis Semdeg tyveebis umravle soba, aTenelebis garda, monebad gayides. sul daaxloebiT Svidi aTasi tyve iyo. es iyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani samxedro movlena ara marto am omis ganmavlobaSi, aramed saerTodac elinTa istoria Si – yvelaze brwyinvale gamarjvebulTaTvis da damRupveli 309 Tukidide.indd 309 01.04.2013 14:47:22 damarcxebulisTvis. marTlac, aTenelebi sastikad damar cxdnen, maT dakarges floti da saxmeleTo jari. mxolod erTeul ebma moaxerxes Sin dabruneba. ase dasrulda laSqroba siciliaze. 310 Tukidide.indd 310 01.04.2013 14:47:22 merve wigni aTenelebs didxans ar surdaT dajereba, rom maTi Zalebi siciliaze daiRupa. bolos, gaiges simarTle da Tavs daesxnen oratorebs, vinc am eqspediciisken mouwodebda maT, TiTqos TviTon ar mieRoT saboloo gadawyvetileba. isini brazob dnen agreTve winaswarmetyvelebze, niSanTa amxsnelebze da, saerTod, yvelaze, vinc ki maT siciliaze warmatebis imeds unergavda. aTenelebi SiSma da dabneulobam moicva. TiToeu l i moqa laqe glovobda Tavis axloblebs, xolo qveyana daTrgunuli iyo hoplitebis, mxedrebis, axalgazrdebis aunazRau rebeli danaklisiT. garda amisa, xazinac cariel i iyo, aRarc xomal debi da meniCbeeb i hyofnidaT. isini gadarCenis imeds kargav dnen, darwmunebulebi iyvnen, rom mteri dauyovnebliv mTeli ZaliT Semout evdaT. maT mainc gadawyvites, araferi daeTmoT mtrisTvis da SeZlebisdagvarad SeeqmnaT axali jari da flo ti. gadawyda, SeemcirebinaT saxelmwifo xarjebi da aerCiaT uxucesTa sabWo, romelic winaswar ganixilavda savaldebulo RonisZiebebs. rogorc demokratias sCvevia, SiSi aiZulebda aTenelebs, daecvaT mkacri wesrigi. ase dasrulda zafxuli. 311 Tukidide.indd 311 01.04.2013 14:47:22 siciliaze aTenelTa marcxis momdevno zamTars mTeli elada mRelvarebam moicva. zogi qveyana, romelic aqamde neit ralitets icavda, axla aTenelTa winaaRmdeg amxedrda. maT egonaT, rom siciliaze gamarjvebis Semdeg aTenelebi maTac daesxmodnen Tavs. sinamdvileSi ki isini xedavdnen, rom omi mTavrdeboda da axla undodaT saxelis mopoveba. lakedemo nelTa mokavSireebs omis dasruleba eCqarebodaT. aTenelTa mier damorCilebuli qveynebic mzad iyvnen ajanyebisTvis, radganac maT ar egonaT, rom aTeni kidev erT weliwads gaZ lebda. yovelive amis gamo lakedemonelTa politika ufro gabeduli gaxda. garda amisa, maT imedi hqondaT, rom gazaf xulze sicilieli mokavSireebi did Zalebs gamogzavnidnen da Zlieri floti gauCndebodaT. lakedemonelebi mzad iyvnen mTeli ZalebiT Cabmuliyvnen omSi da, gamarjvebis SemTxveva Si, mTel eladaze batonoba moepovebinaT. zamTris dasawyisSive agisma dekeleadan gailaSqra da mokavSireTagan Seagrova fuli flotis asaSeneblad. man dalaSqra eteel ebi, aqeelebi da sxva tomebi fTiaSi da Tesali elTa ukmayofilebis miux edavad, maT xarki daak isra. mZevlebi korinTosSi gagzavna da Seecada es xalxebi lakedemonelTa kavSirisTvis mieerTebina. lakedemonelebma mokavSireebs asi xomaldis ageba ubrZanes da gazafxulisTvis samxedro samzadiss Seudgnen. aTenelebic sakuTari gegmis mixedviT emzadebodnen. maT moimarages xis masala, aages xomaldebi da gaamagres sunio ni, rom puris Semotana uzrunveleyoT. maT datoves simagre lakoniis sanapiroze da, saerTod, Seamcires zedmeti xarje bi, Tan Zalian yuradRebiT uTvalTvalebdnen mokavSireebs, radgan ajanyebebisa eSinodaT. orive mxare ise emzadeboda, TiTqos omi axali dawyebuli iyo. evbeelebma elCebi gaugzavnes agiss da mis mxareze gadas vlis survili gamoTqves. agisma evbeaze gagzavna alkameno 312 Tukidide.indd 312 01.04.2013 14:47:22 si da melanTosi samasi mebrZoliT. TviTon mefe ki kunZul ze gadasasvlelad emzadeboda, rodesac masTan lesboseli elCebi movidnen da ajanyebis mzadyofna auwyes. beotielTa mxardaWeriT maT daarwmunes mefe, evbeaze laSqroba gadaedo da lesbosze wasuliyo. agisi lakedemonelTa xelisuflebas Tan SeuTanxmeblad moqmedebda. sanam misi laSqari dekeleaS i idga, mas ufleba hqonda sakuTari nebiT gaegzavna razmebi, aekrifa gadasaxadebi da xarki. am dros agisi mokavSireebze bevrad ufro didi gavleniT sargeblobda, vidre lakedemonis xelisufleba, radgan Tavisi jariT yvelas SiSs hgvrida. mefis lesboselebTan molaparakebis dros qioselebma da eritrie lebmac gamoTqves ajanyebis survili, magram maT lakedemons mimarTes da ara mefes. maTTan erTad iq Cavida sparselTa sat rapis, tisafernesis, elCic. tisafernesic cdilobda pelopo neselebis mimxrobas da maT sursaTis miwodebas hpirdeboda. mefe satraps xarksa sTxovda, magram tisafernesma ver moaxerxa elinur qalaqebSi misi akrefa aTenelTa winaaRmdegobis gamo. satraps imedi hqonda, rom aTenelebis dasustebis Semdeg moa xerxebda xarkis akrefas. amdenad, qioselebi da tisafernesi saerTo interesebs icavdnen. am dros lakedemonSi Camovidnen farnabaZosis elCebi. igi xomaldebis gagzavnas iTxovda helespontSi. tisa fernesis msgavsad, farnabaZossac surda aemxedrebina Tavisi provinciis elinuri qveynebi aTenelTa winaaRmdeg da maTgan xarki aeRo, agreTve undoda lakedemonelebi mefesTan kav Sirze daeyoliebina. farnabaZosis da tisafernesis elCebi erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad moqmedebdnen da kamaTobdnen xolme. erTni iTxovdnen, lakedemonelebs qiossa da ionia ze gaelaSqraT, meoreni ki – helespontze. TviTon lakede monelebi ufro qioselTa da tisafernesis winadadebisken ixrebodnen. maT mxareze iyo alkibiadesic, romelsac Zveli megobroba akavSirebda efor endiosTan. miuxedavad amisa, 313 Tukidide.indd 313 01.04.2013 14:47:22 lakedemonelebma jer kaci gagzavnes qiosze, raTa Seemow mebinaT, ramdenad Seesabameboda sinamdviles cnobebi maTi Zalis Sesaxeb. rodesac es cnobebi dadasturda, lakedemo nelebma qioselebi da eritrielebi miiR es sakuTar kavSirSi da gadawyvites maTTvis ormoci xomaldis gagzavna. Tavidan isini aTi xomaldis gagzavnas apirebdnen melanqridasis sar dlobiT, magram miwisZvris Semdeg qalkidevsi gagzavnes xuTi xomaldiT. ase dasrulda omis mecxramete weli. gazafxulis dadgomisTanave qioselebma lakedemonelebs sTxoves, saswrafod gaegzavnaT maTTvis daxmareba. maT eSi nodaT, rom aTenelebi gaigebdnen maTi saidumlo molapa rakebebis Sesaxeb. lakedemonelebma korinTosSi brZaneba gagzavnes, saswrafod gadaeyvanaT xomaldebi korinTosis yuridan yelis meore mxareze. es xomaldebi, maT Soris agisis mier lesbosisTvis gankuTvnilebic, qiosze unda wasuliyvnen. sul mokavSireTa eskadraSi ocdacxrameti xomaldi iyo. far nabaZosis elCebma ar miiR es monawileoba am laSqrobaSi da arc fuli misces lakedemonelebs xomaldebis aRsaWurvad. isini fiqrobdnen sakuTari eqspediciis mowyobas. agisic ar iyo winaaRmdegi, rom lakedemonelebi jer qiosze wasuliyvnen. mokavSireebi korinTosSi Seikribnen da gadawyvites qiosze, lesbosze da helespontze laSqroba. isTmosze xomaldTa mxolod naxevari gadaiyvanes da zRvaSi Sevidnen, raTa aTe nelTa yuradReba ar miepyroT. aTenelebis maT didad aRar eSinodaT da zRvaSi ocdaerTi xomaldiT gavidnen. mokavSireebs eCqarebodaT gamgzavreba, magram korinTe lebs ar surdaT zRvaSi gasvla isTmuri TamaSebis dasrule bamde. maSin agisma SesTavaza, rom marto daiZvreboda, magram korinTelebma amazedac uari Tqves da laSqroba gadaido. amasobaSi aTenelebi miuxvdnen qioselebs Canafiqrs. maT qiosze sardali aristokratesi gagzavnes da isini RalatSi daadanaSaul es. qioselebma uaryves braldeba. maSin aTeneleb 314 Tukidide.indd 314 01.04.2013 14:47:23 ma erTgulebis niSnad maT xomaldebi mosTxoves. qioselebma Svidi xomaldi aRWurves. xalxma saerTod araferi icoda lakedemonelebTan molaparakebis Sesaxeb. amasobaSi isTmur TamaSebze myofi aTenelTa elCebi mowi naaRmdegis gegmebSi sabolood darwmundnen. maTi Sin dab runebis Semdeg aTenelebma zomebi miiRes, rom mowinaaRmde gis eskadrisTvis xeli SeeS alaT. zeimis dasrulebis Semdeg peloponeselTa ocdaerTi xomaldisgan Semdgari eskadra alkamenesis sardlobiT qiosisken daiZra. aTenelebi imave raodenobis xomaldebiT gahyvnen maT da Seecadnen mteri Ria zRvaSi SeetyuebinaT. peloponeselebma male kursi Seicvales da ukan mibrundnen. aTenelebi bolomde ar endobodnen qio selTa xomaldebs. amitom sakuTari xomaldebi daamates da maTi raodenoba ocdaCvidmetamde gazardes. isini daedevnen napiris gaswvriv mimaval mowinaaRmdeges. peloponeselebma zRvaSi erTi xomaldi dakarges, danarCenebi ki navsadgurs miadgnen. aTenelebi Tavs daesxnen maT da mowinaaRmdegis xomaldebis umravlesoba daazian es. sardali alkamenesi brZo laSi daiRupa. aTenelebma ki sul ramdenime kaci dakarges. aTenelebma adgilze datoves xomaldebis sakmarisi raode noba, raTa mowinaaRmdegisTvis Tvali edevnebinaT. danarCenma xomaldebma ki Ruza CauSves maxlobel kunZulTan. isini iq dabanakdnen da aTenSi kaci gagzavnes daxmarebis saTxovnelad. Semdeg dRes peloponeselTa dasaxmareblad da xomaldebis xmeleTidan dasacavad movidnen korinTelebi da sxva mezob lebi. isini darwmundnen, rom am ukacriel adgilas xomal debis dacva rTuli iyo, amitom ver gadaewyvitaT, ra eqnaT. bolos, xomaldebi napirze aaTries da maT dacva dauyenes. lakedemonelebi Zalze daamwuxra pirvelma warumateblobam da gadawyvites, aRar gaegzavnaT xomaldebi. maT adre gagzav nilebic ukan gaiwvies. alkibiadesma amis Sesaxeb rom gaig o, endioss da sxva efo 315 Tukidide.indd 315 01.04.2013 14:47:23 rebs kvlav urCia dauyovnebliv galaSqreba. Tu eqspedicia qioss ufro adre miaRwevda, vidre cnoba lakedemonelTa marcxis Sesaxeb, is piradad daarwmunebda ioniur qveynebs aTenelTa sisustesa da lakedemonelTa ZalaSi da daiyo liebda maT ajanyebaze. pirispir ki igi arwmunebda endioss, rom SeZlebda mefesTan kavSiris damyarebas da agisis gareSe warmatebis miRwevas (agisTan alkibiadesi naCxubari iyo). man daiyolia eforebi da alkibiadesi lakedemonel qalkidevsTan da xuT xomaldTan erTad zRvaSi gavida. daaxloebiT amave dros unda dabrunebuliyo siciliidan peloponeselTa eskadra giliposis sardlobiT. levkadasTan maT Tavs daesxnen atikuri xomaldebi. miux edavad dazianebe bisa, peloponeselTa xomaldebma mainc CaaRwies korinTosSi. qalkidevsi da alkibiadesi yvela Semxvedr xomalds atyvevebdnen, raTa aravis gaego maTi gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. maT xmeleTze gadmosxes tyveebi, Semdeg ki moulodnelad miad gnen qioss. maTi misvla qioseli oligarqebis sabWos sxdomas daemTxva. qalkidevsma da alkibiadesma sabWos ganucxades, rom kidev mravali lakedemonuri xomaldi modioda kunZulisken. amgvarad, jer qioselebi, Semdeg ki eritriel ebi ganudgnen aTens. alkibiadesi da qalkidevsi sami xomaldiT gadavidnen klaZomeneSi da qveyanas ajanyebisken ubiZges. ajanyebulebma simagreTa mSenebloba da omisaTvis samzadisi daiwyes. rodesac am cnobebma aTens miaRwia, aTenelebi mixvdnen, ra safrTxec emuqreboda maT. yvelaze mniSvnelovani mokavSiris gandgomis Semdeg SeiZleboda sxva mokavSireebic daekargaT. maT gadawyvites, gamoeyenebinaT xeluxlebeli maragi – aTa si talanti – da didi floti aReWurvaT. maT dauyovnebliv gagzavnes qiosze rva xomaldi strombiqidesis sardlobiT, Semdeg kidev Tormeti – Trasiklesis meTaurobiT. strombiqidesi rva xomaldiT samosze mivida. man iq kidev erTi daimata da Teosze gadainacvla. iqiT gaemarTa qiosi 316 Tukidide.indd 316 01.04.2013 14:47:23 dan qalkidevsis ocdasami xomaldic, sanapiros gaswvriv ki klaZomenelTa da eritrielTa laSqari modioda. strombiqi desma ukan daixia samosze. mterma ki Teosi aiRo da kedlebi daangria. qalkidevsma da alkibiadesma peloponeselTa xomalde bis meniCbeebs mZime aRWurviloba gadasces da isini qiosze datoves. maT nacvlad qiosze sakuTari xomaldebisTvis axa li ekipaJi Sekribes da miletosisken gaswies. alkibiadess megobruli urTierToba hqonda miletel oligarqebTan, igi imedovnebda, rom peloponesidan axali eskadris Camosvlamde moaxerxebda miletossa da sxva ioniur qveynebSi ajanyebis mowyobas. amiT gamarjvebulis saxels moipovebdnen Tavad alkibiadesi, qalkibiadesi da endiosi. gzis didi nawili maT SeumCnevlad ganvles, sul cota xniT Caaswres miletosSi strombiqidesis da Trasiklesis gaerTianebul eskadras da qalaqi gandgomisTvis waaqezes. aTenelTa cxrameti xomaldi miletoss miadga, magram isini qalaqSi ar SeuSves. miletosis ajanyebis mere lakedemonelebma pirveli xelSekruleba dades mefesTan tisafernesisa da qalkidevsis SuamavlobiT: `lakedemonelebi da mokavSireebi kavSirs kraven mefes Tan da tisafernesTan. yvela miwa da qalaqi, romlebsac mefe flobs an misi winaprebi flobdnen, mefes ekuTvnis. mefe da lakedemonelebi nuRar dauSveben, rom am qveynebidan aTene lebs Semosavali hqondeT. mefe da lakedemonelebi erTob livad awarmoeben oms aTenelebis winaaRmdeg da erTmaneTis Tanxmobis gareSe ar dauzavdebian maT. Tu vinme mefes aujan yda, lakedemonelTa mteri iqneba. Tu vinme lakedemonelebs aujanyda, is mefis mteri iqneba~. qioselebma kidev aTi xomaldi aRWurves da sanapiro qvey nebis aTenelTa winaaRmdeg wasaqezeblad gaemarTnen. gzaSi isini aTenelTa axal eskadras gadaawydnen diomedonis sar dlobiT. qios elebi gaiqcnen. aTenelebma oTxi xomaldi igdes 317 Tukidide.indd 317 01.04.2013 14:47:23 xelT da samosze wavidnen. daaxloebiT am dros spireosTan blokirebulma peloponeselTa ocma xomaldma moaxerxa iqi dan gaRweva. maT gaimarjves brZolaSi, oTxi aTenuri xomaldi igdes xelT da Sin dabrundnen. peloponeselTa flotis sar dlad lakedemoneli astioqosi dainiSna. igi Seudga ioniaSi salaSqrod mzadebas. am dros samosze amboxeba moxda. aTenelTa xomaldebis mxardaWeriT xalxi aristokratebs aujanyda. ajanyebulebma orasi kaci mokles da oTxasi gandevnes. aTenelebma irwmunes samoselTa erTguleba da maT damoukidebloba misces. mTeli zafxulis ganmavlobaSi qioselebi gulmodgined iRvwodnen, raTa peloponeselTa gareSec aejanyebinaT qvey nebi. ajanyda lesbosi, meTimna, Semdeg ki – mitilene. amasobaSi astioqosi oTxi xomaldiT Cavida qiosze, iqidan ki lesbosze myofi qioselTa eskadris dasaxmareblad gaemar Ta. iq man Seityo, rom aTenelebs mitilene aeRoT. aTenelTa eskadra moulodnelad SeiWra navsadgurSi, daamarcxa iq mdgomi qioselebi da SturmiT aiRo qalaqi. astioq osi Seec ada lesbosze calkeul i qveynebis gadabirebas da aTenelTaTvis winaaRmdegobis organizebas, magram uSedegod. aTenelebma aRadgines sakuTari xelisufleba lesbosze, zRvaSi gavid nen da klaZomenelTa mier gamagrebul poliqnes daeuflnen, TviTon klaZomene ki kavSirSi daabrunes. imave zafxuls miletosTan mdgomi eskadridan aTeneleb ma desanti gadasxes. maTTan brZolaSi daiRupa qalkidevsi. aTenelebi agrZelebdnen operaciebs qioselTa winaaRmdeg. zRvasa da xmeleTze ramdenime gamarjvebis Semdeg maT aaox res qiosis miwa, romelzedac midielTa Semdeg mters fexi ar daedga. qioselebi, ramdenadac vici, lakedemonelebis msgavsad, gonivrul zomierebas da kanonier saxelmwifo wyo bas inarCunebdnen. axlac mxolod imitom ajanydnen, rom ar egonaT, Tu aTens siciliaze katastrofis Semdeg aRarafris 318 Tukidide.indd 318 01.04.2013 14:47:23 Tavi ar eqneboda. Seqmnil viTarebaSi demokratiis momxreebi aTenTan kavSiris aRdgenaze dafiqrdnen, xelisuflebam ki astioq osi miiwvia saTaTbirod. zafxulis miwuruls aTenelebma samosze ormocdarva xomaldiT gagzavnes aTasi aTeneli hopliti, aTas xuTasi argoseli da aTasi mokavSire. laSqari miletosTan gadasxda napirze da qalaqis maxloblad dabanakda. rvaasi mileteli hopliti, qalkidevsis meomrebi da tisafernesis moqiravne ebi gamovidnen qalaqidan maT winaaRmdeg. zedmetad Tavda jerebuli argoselebi uwesrigod gadavidnen Setevaze da damarcxdnen. samagier od, aTenelebma jer peloponeselebs sZlies, Semdeg ki – barbarosebi da danarCeni laSqari uku agdes. ise moxda, rom am brZolaSi orive mxridan ionielebma sZlies dorielebs. aTenelebma aRmarTes gamarjvebis niSa ni da saalyo kedliT koncxze ganlagebuli qalaqis moWra gadawyvites. maT imedi hqondaT, rom miletosis aRebiT sxva ionielebsac daimorCilebdnen. saRamos aTenelebma miiRes cnoba peloponesidan da sici liid an ormocdaTxuTmeti xomaldis Camosvlis Sesaxeb. mar Tlac, sirakuzelma hermokratesma daarwmuna mokavSireebi, erToblivi ZalebiT moeRoT bolo aTenelTa Zlier ebisTvis. eskadras xelmZRvanelobda lakedemoneli Terimenesi, romel sac xomaldebi astioqosisTvis unda Caebarebina. eskadram kursi lerosze aiRo. aq maT Seityves, rom aTenelebi miletos Tan idgnen. maTTan mivida alkibiadesi, romelic brZolaSi miletelTa da tisafernesis mxareze monawileobda. man urCia peloponeselebs, saswrafod mixmarebodnen miletoss. peloponeselebi emzadebodnen ganTiadze gasasvlelad. amasobaSi aTenelma sardalma friniqosma lerosidan zusti cnobebi miiRo mowinaRmdegis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad sxva sar dlebis survilisa, rom sazRvao brZola gaemarTaT mtris Tvis, friniqosma gadawyvita, ar Caegdo safrTxeSi qveynis 319 Tukidide.indd 319 01.04.2013 14:47:23 ukanaskneli imedi da miletoss gaecala. man bortze aiyvana daWrilebi, qveiTi laSqari da waiRo mTeli aRWurviloba. nadavli ki datova, raTa xomaldebi ar gadaetvirTa. eskadra samosze dabrunda. amgvarad, aTenelebma miletosi datoves da ver isargebles sakuTari gamarjvebis SedegebiT. nawyeni argoselebi ki samosidan Sin dabrundnen. miletosSi misul peloponeselebs aTenelebi iq aRar dax vdnen. maTTan movida tisafernesi sakuTari laSqriT. man daar wmuna peloponeselebi, erTad gaelaSqraT iasosze misi mtris, amorgesis winaaRmdeg. peloponeselebi iasoss moulodnelad daesxnen Tavs da aiRes igi. brZolaSi gansakuTrebiT siraku zelebma gamoiCines Tavi. amorgesi tyved Cavarda. pelopone selebma iasosi daangries da iqidan didi nadavli wamoiRes. amorgesis moqiravneebi ZiriTadad peloponeselebi iyvnen da laSqars SeuerTdnen. qalaqi da tyveebi ki tisaferness gadas ces winaswar SeTanxmebul fasad: erTi kaci – erT darikad. momdevno zamTars tisafernesma iasosi gaamagra da iq gar nizoni datova, TviTon ki miletosSi Cavida. aq man gadaux ada lakedemonelTa xomaldebis ekipaJebs xelfasi – kacs dReSi erTi atikuri drahma. magram samomavlod mxolod sami obolis gadaxda SesTavaza. Terimenesi mzad iyo daeTmo, magram sira kuzeli hermokratesi winaaRmdegi wavida. maSin tisafernesma gadawyvita, ormocdaTxuTmeti xomaldisTvis TveSi ocdaaTi talanti gaeRo. imave zamTars samosze aTenidan kidev ocdaTxuTmeti xomaldi Cavida. ocdaaT i xomaldi qiosze gasagzavnad gaam zades, xolo danarCenebi zRvas akontrolebdnen da miletosis midamoSi TareSobdnen. astioq oss qioselTa Ralatis eSinoda da man mZevlebi aiy vana. Terimenesis eskadris Camosvlis Semdeg is gaTamamda da oci xomaldiT zRvaSi gavida. igi Seecada aeRo pteleosi da klaZomene, magram – uSedegod. 320 Tukidide.indd 320 01.04.2013 14:47:23 masTan gamocxaddnen lesboselTa elCebi da aTenelTa winaaRmdeg axali ajanyeba SesTavazes. astioq osi mzad iyo maT daxmareboda, magram sxva mokavSireebi winaaRmdegni iyvnen. maSin astioqosi qiosze gadavida da maT lesbosze laSqroba Si monawileoba mosTxova, magram iqac uari miiRo. astioqosi gauwyra qioselebs da daemuqra, rom aRar daexmareboda maT gansacdelis Jams. Semdeg igi Tavisi xomaldebiT miletosSi wavida. amasobaSi aTenelTa eskadra sam qiosur gems daedevna. qioselebi qariSxalma gadaarCina. maT gaWirvebiT miaRwies navsadguramde. aTenelebma ki sami xomaldi dakarges. danar Cenebi ukan gabrundnen da lesboss miadgnen. imave zamTars lakedemoneli hipokratesi Tormeti xomal diT knidosSi mivida. peloponeselma sardlebma mas ubrZanes, xomaldebis nawils knidosi daecva, danarCenebs ki ubrZa nes Tavs dasxmodnen egviptidan momaval puriT datvirTul transports. aTenelebma Seityves amis Sesaxeb, samosidan zRvaSi gavidnen da xelT igdes mtris eqvsi xomaldi. Semdeg maT knidosis ieriSi scades, magram qalaqi ver aiRes, qveyana daarbies da samosze dabrundnen. im droisaTvis, rodesac astioqosma miletosSi sardloba Caib ara, peloponeselebs sursaTi jer kidev sakmarisi hqon daT, meomrebs karg gasamrjelos uxdidnen da miletelebic mzad iyvnen omis sirTuleTa gadasatanad. peloponeselebma tisafernessa da qalkidevss Soris dadebuli Zveli xelSek ruleba TavisTvis araxelsayrelad miiCnies da Terimenosis TaosnobiT axali xelSekruleba dades, romlis Tanaxmadac mefe gaiRebda mis miwaze myofi lakedemonelebis Senaxvis xarjebs. amis Semdeg Terimenesma sardloba astioqoss gadaabara, TviTon ki miletosi datova da gaqra. amasobaSi aTenelebi lesbosidan qiosze gadavidnen da qalaqis maxloblad gamag rdnen. qioselebi umoqmedod iyvnen. maT ukve ramdenime mar 321 Tukidide.indd 321 01.04.2013 14:47:23 cxi ganicades da Sinauri mdgomareobac sakmaod daZabuli hqondaT. isini astioqoss sTxovdnen daxmarebas, magram – uSedegod. maSin qioselebma astioqoss lakedemonSi uCivles. amrigad, qiosze mdgomareoba aTenelTaTvis xelsayreli iyo. maTi eskadra drodadro esxmoda Tavs mtris xomaldebs miletosSi, magram mteri brZolas Tavs aridebda. imave zamTars peloponesidan ioniaSi ocdaSvidi xomaldis gan Semdgari axali eskadra gaemarTa antisTenesis sardlobiT. mas Tan axlda TerTmeti sparteli, romlebic lakedemone lebma astioqoss dauniSnes mrCevlebad. isini adgilze unda garkveuliyvnen viTarebaSi da gadaewyvitaT farnabaZosisTvis maSveli Zalis gagzavnis sakiTxi. melosTan isini Sexvdnen aTenelTa aT xomalds, sami xelT igdes da dawves. maT eSi nodaT, rom danarCenebi maT Sesaxeb samosze myof aTenelebs Seatyobinebdnen amitom miletosSi SemovliTi gziT gacures. amasobaSi qios elebi Sikrikebs ugzavnidnen astioq oss da daxmarebas sTxovdnen, raTa srul blokadaSi ar aRmoCeni liyvnen. bolos astioqosma gadawyvita daxmareboda. amasobaSi man miiRo cnoba ocdaSvidi xomaldisa da lake demoneli mrCevlebis moaxloebis Sesaxeb. astioqosma gadawy vita, rom axla yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo, zRvaze batonoba daemyarebinaT da eskadra uxifaTod CaeyvanaT miletosSi. man gegma Secvala da qiosis nacvlad eskadris Sesaxvedrad wavi da. man daikava da gaZarcva kosi, iqidan ki knidosze gadavida, sadac aTenelTa eskadra qarminosis sardlobiT iyo Casaf rebuli da peloponesidan momaval xomaldebs elodeboda. astioqosi zRvaSi gavida mowinaaRmdegis eskadris mosaZeb nad. wvimasa da nislSi misma xomaldebma erTmaneTTan kavSiri dakarges. gamTeniisas eskadra gaifanta da misi erTi nawili aTenelebs gadaeyara. qarminoss egona, rom is xomaldebi dain axa, visac eloda, da Setevaze gadavida. man CaZira mtris sami xomaldi, mravali daaziana da ukve imarjvebda, rodesac 322 Tukidide.indd 322 01.04.2013 14:47:23 lakedemonelTa flotis ZiriTadi nawili gamoCnda. aTene lebi ukuiqcnen da eqvsi xomaldic dakarges. peloponese lebma Ruza CauSves knidosTan da iq daelodnen kavnosidan momaval ocdaSvid xomalds, kunZul simeze ki gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes. sazRvao brZolis Sesaxeb rom Seityves, aTenelebi mTeli ZaliT daiZrnen samosidan simeze. isini ar dasxmian Tavs peloponeselebs knidosze. simeze maT xelT igdes peloponeselTa xomaldebis aRWurviloba da ukan gabrundnen. peloponeselebma knidosze brZolaSi daziane buli xomaldebi SeakeTes. amasobaSi TerTmeti lakedemone li molaparakebebs awarmoebda tisafernesTan. maT daiwunes qalkidevsis da Terimenesis xelSekrulebebi. maTi azriT, dauSvebeli iyo mefisTvis im miwebis gadacema, rasac is an misi winaprebi odesme flobdnen. marTlac, lakedemonelebs es winadadeba rom mieRoT, yvela kunZuli, Tesalia da elida, beotiis CaTvliT, kvlav midielTa xelSi aRmoCndeboda. maSin lakedemonelebi elinebs Tavisuflebis nacvlad midielTa batonobas moutandnen. amitom maT moiTxoves axali ukeTesi xelSekrulebis dadeba, an yovel SemTxvevaSi Zvelis gauqmeba. am pirobebSi lakedemonelebs ar sWirdebodaT flotisa da laSqris dafinanseba. aRSfoTebulma tisafernesma molapa rakebebi ise miatova, rom veraferze SeTanxmdnen. amasobaSi peloponeselebs rodoselma oligarqebmac mimarTes. peloponeselebma gadawyvites miemxroT es kun Zuli, romelsac didi sazRvao da saxmeleTo Zala hqonda. masTan dakavSirebis Semdeg, maT flotis Sesanaxad tisa fernesis fuli aRar dasWirdebodaT. peloponeselebi oTx mocdaToTxmeti xomaldiT miadgnen rodoss da mosaxleoba daarwmunes, gandgomodnen aTenelebs. aTenelebma saswrafod miaSures rodoss, magram ukve gviani aRmoCnda. SemdgomSi isini Tavdasxmebs awyobdnen rodosze qalkedan da kosidan. peloponeselebma rodoss ocdaTormeti talantis gadaxda 323 Tukidide.indd 323 01.04.2013 14:47:23 daakisres, xomaldebi xmeleTze aaTries da oTxmoci dRis manZilze umoqmedod iyvnen. qalkidevsis daRupvis Semdeg alkibiadesma peloponese lebs eWvi aRuZra da astioqoss lakedemonidan misi mokvlis brZanebac ki gaugzavnes. amitom tisaferness Seafara Tavi. axla igi cdilobda, yvelanairad evno peloponeselTaTvis, pirvel rigSi, satrapi ganewyo maT winaaRmdeg. tisafernesi daarwmuna meniCbeTa xelfasi sam obolamde Seemcirebina. alkibiadesi agreTve urCevda tisaferness, ar daeCqarebi na omis dasasruli da ar CaerTo saqmeSi finikielTa floti. misi azriT, mefes unda SeenarCunebina wonasworoba elinTa or Zalas Soris da erTi meoris winaaRmdeg gamoeyenebina. Tu erTi mxare gaimarjvebda da zRvasa da xmeleTze gaba tondeboda, maSin mefes vinRa daexmareboda gamarjvebulTan WidilSi? sabolood, mefes Tavad mouwevda omi bevrad meti danaxarjebiTa da xifaTiT. axla ki sruliad usafrTxod da mcire fuliT mas SeeZlo mieSva elinebi, raTa maT erTmaneTi daesustebinaT. alkibiadesis azriT, mefisTvis ufro mosaxerxebeli iyo aTenelebTan Zalauflebis gayofa, radgan isini, lakedemo nelTagan gansxvavebiT, ar eswrafodnen dapyrobebs xmeleTze. aTenelebi kunZulebs daikavebdnen, tisafernesi ki – elinur qveynebs aziis sanapiroze. lakedemonelebi ki maT gasaTavi sufleblad movidnen da, saeWvoa, isini aTenelTagan imisTvis daixsnan, rom mefes gadascen. alkibiadesi urCevda tisafer ness, jer orive mxare gamoefita da Semdeg lakedemonelebic ganedevna aziidan. satrapma, Tu misi moqmedebis mixedviT vimsjelebT, miiRo es gegma. man Seumcira xelfasi meomrebs, ar Cqarobda finikiuri flotis saqmeSi CarTvas da lakede monelTa flotis operaciebsac ayovnebda. alkibiadess sjeroda, rom misi rCeva sasargeblo iyo misi maspinZlebisTvis. amave dros, mas imedi hqonda, rom samSob 324 Tukidide.indd 324 01.04.2013 14:47:23 loSi dabrundeboda. Tu sabolood ar daRupavda Tavis qve yanas, igi moaxerxebda TanamemamuleTa darwmunebas, rom is isev mieRoT. tisafernesTan megobroba am TvalsazrisiTac sasargeblo iyo. marTlac, samosze myofma aTenelebma Seity ves, rom alkibiadess mniSvnelovani adgili ekava satrapis karze. alkibiadesmac SeuTvala gavlenian xalxs da laSqars aTenSi, rom igi mzad aris maTTan erTad emsaxuros samSoblos, magram ara brbos, romelmac igi gandevna. xomaldebis meTau rebi da sxva gavleniani aTenelebi misgan damoukidebladac fiqrobdnen demokratiis Secvlaze. demokratiis mimarT undobloba jer samosze gaCnda da Sem deg gadaed o qalaqsac. ramdenime kaci samosidan dauk avSirda alkibiadess. igi dahpirda maT jer tisafernesTan, Semdeg ki TviT mefesTan damegobrebas, Tu demokratias Secvlidnen da amiT mefis ndobas moipovebdnen. warCinebul moqalaqeebs, romlebic gansakuTrebiT itanjebodnen omis ubedurebaTagan, gauCndaT ara marto omSi gamarjvebis, aramed xelisuflebaSi mosvlis imedic. samosze dabrunebulebma moZebnes Tanamzraxvelebi da meom rebs ganucxad es, rom mefe aTenelTa megobari gaxdeba da maT fuls gadauxdis, Tu alkibiadess daabruneben da demokratias daamxoben. meomrebi mefis fulma moxibla, mxolod sardali friniqosi uyurebda eWvis TvaliT am wamowyebas. man icoda, rom alkibiadess mxolod sakuTari Tavi adardebda da ara demokratia Tu oligarqia. mefis daxmarebac saTuo iyo, sanam lakedemonelebs Zlieri floti hyavdaT da mniSvnelovani qalaqebic epyraT. wyobis Secvla aTens verc Zvel mokavSireebs daubrunebda da verc amJamindelTa erTgulebas ganamtkiceb da – maTTvis monoba nebismier wyobaSi monobad darCeboda. SeTqmulebma mainc moiwones alkibiadesis winadadeba da aTenSi xalxi gagzavnes peisandrosis meTaurobiT saqmis mosagvareblad. 325 Tukidide.indd 325 01.04.2013 14:47:23 friniqosi xvdeboda, rom aTenelebi daabrunebdnen alkibi adess, xolo es ukanaskneli masze Surs iZiebda, amitom gadawy vita zomebi mieRo. man werili miswera astioq oss, rom alkibi adesi cdilobda tisafernesis aTenelTaTvis mimxrobas. astioqosma ki amis Sesaxeb alkibiadess da tisaferness acnoba. rogorc amboben, igi mosyiduli iyo da saidumlo molapa rakebebs awarmoebda satrapTan. alkibiadesma samosze myof sardlebs Seatyobina friniqosis Ralati da misi sikvdiliT dasja moiTxova. SeSfoTebulma friniqosma kvlav miswera astioqoss weri li da usayvedura saidumlos gamxela. amave dros, man pelo poneselebs SesTavaza gaumagrebel samosze Tavdasxmisa da aTenelTa laSqris ganadgurebis detaluri gegma. astioqosma am werilis Sesaxebac acnoba alkibiadess. friniqosma gaiTvaliswina astioqosis muxanaToba da laS qars acnoba mtris mosalodneli Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb. man sas wrafod wamoiwyo kunZulze simagreebis mSenebloba. am dros movida alkibiadesis werili, romelSic igi sardals RalatSi adanaSaulebda, magram mas ar daujeres. amdenad alkibiadesma veraferi avno friniqoss, piriqiT, mxolod gaamyara misi mdgomareoba. alkibiadesi yvelanair ad cdilobda, tisafernesi aTenel TaTvis miemxro. satraps aSinebda peloponeselTa Zliereba, magram igi alkibiadessac uwevda angariSs, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac lakedemonelebma Tavad daadastures alkibi adesis sityvebi, rom isini elinTa gasaTavisufleblad iyvnen mosulni. amasobaSi peis androsi da aTeneli elCebi samosidan aTenSi Cavidnen. saxalxo krebas maT zogadad moaxsenes mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da amcnes, rom SesaZlebeli iyo mefesTan SeTanxmeba da lakedemonelTa Zleva, Tu alkibiadess daabrunebdnen da ukidures demokratiaze uars ityodnen. xalxi Tavidan cudad 326 Tukidide.indd 326 01.04.2013 14:47:23 Sexvda am azrs, magram elCebma daarwmunes, rom es erTaderTi gamosavali iyo. gadawyda, peisandrosi da kidev aTi kaci gaeg zavnaT tisafernesTan da alkibiadesTan mosalaparakeblad. peisandrosis saCivris safuZvelze, xalxma friniqoss sardloba CamoarTva da floti diomedonsa da leons Caa bara. peisandrosma Semoiara politikuri dajgufebebi da daarwmuna isini, erTiani ZalebiT gamosuliyvnen demokrati is winaaRmdeg. Semdeg ki tisafernesTan gaemarTa. amasobaSi leonma da diomedonma samosze aTenis floti gadaibares da imave zamTars rodosi dalaSqres. maT aRmoaCines napirze aTreul i peloponesuri xomaldebi, sZlies rodoselebs da qalkeze dabrundnen. aqedan ufro iolad SeeZloT Tvalyu ris devneba peloponeselTa eskadris gadaadgilebisTvis. aTenelTa simagre qiosze ukve mzad iyo da lakedemonelebma gadawyvites, qioselebisTvis daxmareba gaegzavnaT. Tavidan maT moax erxes kedlis nawilisa da ramdenime aTenuri xomal dis xelSi Cagdeba, magram aTenelTa ZiriTadma Zalebma sabo lood daamarcxes mteri da didi nadavli igdes xelT. qiosi alyaSi aRmoCnda da qalaqSi SimSili daiwyo. peisandrosi da sxva aTeneli elCebi tisafernesTan Cavid nen. alkibiadesi xedavda, rom satrapi jerac did angariSs uwevda peloponeselebs da cdilobda orive mxare daesuste bina. maSin alkibiadesma amgvar xerxs mimarTa: daarwmuna sat rapi, aTenelTaTvis miuRebeli moTxovnebi waeyenebina, raTa SeTanxmeba ar Semdgariyo. aTenelebi Tavidan yvelaferze Tanaxmani iyvnen, magram bolos mixvdnen, rom maT atyuebdnen da ganrisxebulebi samosze dabrundnen. imave zamTars tisafernesma peloponeselebi miletosSi miiwvia, raTa maTTan axali xelSekruleba daedo. mas xels ar aZlevda peloponeselebTan ganxeTqileba. tisafernes ma gadawyvita gadaexada maTi meomrebisTvis xelfasi, raTa maTi floti ar daSliliyo da yaCaRoba ar daewyoT. axali 327 Tukidide.indd 327 01.04.2013 14:47:23 xelSekrulebiT, mefe inarCunebda aziur samflobeloebs da iRebda valdebulebas, samefo flotis Camosvlamde Seenaxa lakedemonelTa xomaldebi. amis Semdeg tisafernesma daiwyo samzadisi finikiuri flotis Camosayvanad da sxva valdebulebaTa Sesasruleb lad. zamTris miwuruls beotielebma daikaves oroposi da gandevnes iqidan aTenelTa garnizoni, ris Semdegac eretri elebma rodosze kaci gagzavnes da peloponeselebs evbeaze Tavdasxma sTxoves. peloponeselebs, pirvel rigSi, qiosis daxmareba surdaT da rodosidan daiZrnen. gzaSi isini aTe nelTa xomaldebs Sexvdnen. verc erTma eskadram ver gabeda mowinaaRmdegeze Tavdasxma da isini ukan gabrundnen. pelo poneselebi sabolood darwmundnen, rom sazRvao brZolis gareSe qioss ver gaaTavisuflebdnen. ase dasrulda omis meoce weli. gazafxulze qioselebma sazRvao brZola gaumarTes aTe nelebs. sastik brZolaSi qioselebi ar damarcxebulan da daRamebisas qalaqSi dabrundnen. lakedemonelebma helespontisken gagzavnes sparteli der kilidasi mcire razmiT, raTa mas abidosSi ajanyeba moewyo. abidosi da lampsakosi derkilidass da farnabaZoss miem xrnen. aTenelebma dauyovnebliv gagzavnes strombiqidasi ocdaSvidi xomaldiT. man daam arcxa lampsakelebi da ieriSiT aiRo qalaqi, abidosis aReba ki ver moax erxa da helespontze kontrolis dasamyareblad sestosSi dabanakda. amasobaSi qioselebma da peloponeselebma ufro Tavi suflad daiwyes zRvaze moqmedeba. aTenelebi erTmaneTs ar endobodnen da maT winaaRmdeg zRvaSi ar gadiodnen. daaxloebiT am dros aTenSi demokratia daemxo. samosze dabrunebis Semdeg peis androsma da sxva elCebma ganamtkices TavianTi gavlena laSqarze da gadawyvites alkibiadesis gareSe mieyvanaT saqme bolomde. maT scades aRedginaT samosze oli 328 Tukidide.indd 328 01.04.2013 14:47:23 garqia. isini sxva mokavSire qveynebSic demokratiul wyobas oligarqiuliT cvlidnen. aTenSi Casulma peisandrosma Seityo, rom axalgazrda SeTqmulebs moeklaT androklesi da demokratiis momxreTa ramdenime Tavkaci. amis Semdeg SeTqmulebma saxalxo krebas SesTavazes, saxelmwifos xelfasi gadaexada mxolod samxed ro samsaxurSi myof moqalaqeTaTvis da saxelmwifo saqmeebSi CarTuli yofiliyo ara umetes xuTi aTasi moqalaqisa, rom lebsac SeeZlebodaT qveynis samsaxuri, gamomdinare maTi piradi Rirsebebidan da qonebrivi mdgomareobidan. es winadadebebi miznad isaxavda moqalaqeTaTvis gza-kvalis abnevas da realuri xelisuflebis SeTqmulTa xelSi gadas vlas. saxalxo kreba da xuTasis sabWo jer kidev ikribeboda, magram mxolod SeTqmulTa mier winaswar mowonebul saqme ebs ganixilavdnen. xalxi daSinda, man ar icoda SeTqmulTa realuri raodenoba da Zala da amitom TiToeul moqalaqes erCia Tavi xifaTSi ar Caegdo. aseT mdgomareob aSi iyo aTeni, rodesac peisandrosi da misi megobrebi iq Cavidnen da gadatrialebis dasrulebas Seud gnen. maT moiwvies saxalxo kreba da aarCevines mas aTkacian i komisia saxelmwifo mowyobis SesamuSaveblad. daTqmul dRes komisiam warudgina saxalxo krebas mxolod erTi winadadeba: amieridan TiToeul moqalaqes dausjelad unda SesZleboda nebismieri winadadebis wardgena. mxolod amis Semdeg aSkarad Seitanes axali proeqti, romlis mixedviTac uqmdeboda yvela saxelmwifo Tanamdeboba da irCevdnen xuTkacian sabWos. es xuTi kaci SearCevda kidev ass, isini ki (TiToeuli) – sam-sams. es `oTxasi~ kaci daikavebda sabWos Senobas da marTavda qveya nas, aRWurvili ganusazRvreli uflebebiT. maT SeeZloT, saWi roebis SemTxvevaSi, moewviaT krebaze xuTi aTasi moqalaqe. es winadadeba peisandross ekuTvnoda. masTan erTad gadat rialebas Taobdnen antifoni, friniqosi, Teramenesi. gadat 329 Tukidide.indd 329 01.04.2013 14:47:23 rialeba swored imitom gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom mas bevri gonieri da niWieri adamiani xelmZRvanelobda. ar iyo ioli Tavisuflebis warTmeva aTenelTaTvis, romlebmac asi wlis win daamxes tirania da romlebic Tavisuflebasa da sxvebze mbrZaneblobas iyvnen miCveulni. mas Semdeg, rac saxalxo krebam daamtkica es winadadebebi, igi daiTxoves, xolo `oTxasma~ da sxva SeTqmulebma ZaliT daikaves sabWos Senoba. sabWos wevrebs winaaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT. sxva moqala qeeb ic simSvides inarCunebdnen. `oTxasma~ wilisyriT SearCia Tanamdebobis pirebi da Caatara aseTi SemTxvevisaTvis gaTva liswinebuli msxverplSewirva. maT gaau qmes demokratiuli mTavrobis dadgenilebebi, mxolod devnilebi ar daubrunebiaT, pirvel rigSi alkibiadess. TavianT mowinaaRmdegeTagan zogi sikvdiliT dasajes, zogi daatyveves, zogic qveynidan gandev nes. maT samSvidobo winadadebebi gaugzavnes dekeleaSi agiss. agiss ar sjeroda, rom aTenelebi ase iolad ityodnen Tavi suflebaze uars. man gadawyvita, aTenis kedlebTan misuliyo da amiT qalaqSi areuloba gamoewvia. magram mtris gamoCenas qalaqi mSvidad Sexvda. aTenelma mxedrebma daxoces kedlebTan axlos misuli hoplitebi da msubuqad SeiaraRebuli qveiTebi da nadavls da maT saWurvels daeuflnen. agisi mixvda Tavis Secdomas da dekeleaSi dabrunda, ris Semdegac samSvidobo molaparakebebi ganaxlda. `oTxasma~ maTi warmomadgeneli gagzavna samosze, raTa laS qari daemSvidebinaT da aexsnaT maTTvis, rom oligarqiuli mmarTveloba qveynis gadasarCenad damyarda da ara moqala qeTa CagvrisTvis. qveyanas, maTi mtkicebiT, xuTi aTasi kaci marTavda. adrec umniSvnelovanes sakiTxTa gadasawyvetad xuTi aTasi kaci iSviaTad midioda saxalxo krebaze. mTavrobis warmomadgenlebs laSqrisTvis unda ecnobebinaT sxva zomebis Sesaxebac. isini safuZvlianad SiSobdnen, rom mezRvaurTa 330 Tukidide.indd 330 01.04.2013 14:47:23 didi nawili ar Seegueboda oligarqiul wyobas. marTlac, sanam aTenSi `oTxasis~ gadatrialeba mzaddeboda, samosze daiwyo moZraoba oligarqiis winaaRmdeg. samoselTa jguf ma, peisandrosis gavleniT, samasamde Tanamoazre Sekriba da demokratebze Tavdasxmas apirebda. demokratebma gaafrTxi les sardlebi leoni da diomedoni, agreTve Trasibulosi, Trasilosi da SeTqmulTa zogierTi sxva mowinaaRmdege da sTxoves maT, ar CaegdoT mtris xelSi samosi, aTenis ukanas kneli dasayrdeni. marTlac, oligarqebis Tavdasxmis dros, aTenelma mezRvaurebma demokratebs dauW ires mxari da maTi gamarjveba uzrunvelhyves. samoselebma da aTenelebma saswrafod gagzavnes xomaldi aTenSi, raTa gadatrialebis Sesaxeb ecnobebinaT. maT jer ar icodnen, rom aTenSi xelisufleba ukve `oTxass~ ekuTvnoda. rogorc ki xomaldi navsadgurSi Sevida, mTavrobis brZanebiT, misi ramdenime Tavkaci daapatimres, xolo ekipaJi sxva gemebze gadaanawiles. oligarqiis aSkara mowinaaRmdegem, aTenelma qai reasma moaxerxa gaqceva da samosze CaaRwia. man metismetad muq ferebSi dauxata TanamebrZolebs aTenis movlenebi. meomrebi aRSfoTdnen da oligarqebze galaSqreba moindomes. Tumca, zomierma xalxma moaxerxa maTi damSvideba. Trasibulosma da Trasilosma aSkarad gamoacxad es demokratia samosze. maT daif ices, rom gaagrZelebdnen oms peloponeselebTan da amave dros iqnebodnen `oTxasis~ mteri da maTTan mxolod macnis meSveobiT ilaparakebdnen. brZolisunarianma samoselebmac erTguleba Sehfices aTenel meomrebs da isini gaerTiandnen, raTa Wiri da lxini erTad gaeziarebinaT. ase daiwyo brZola or dajgufebas Soris: erTni cdilob dnen aRedginaT demokratia, meoreni – laSqari da floti oligarqebisTvis daemorCilebinaT. meomrebi Seikribnen, gadaayenes sardlebi, vinc oligarqias TanaugrZnobda, da airCies axlebi, maT Soris Trasibulosi da Trasilosi. isi 331 Tukidide.indd 331 01.04.2013 14:47:23 ni erTmaneTs amxnevebdnen da simtkicisken mouwodebdnen. samosze maTi mdgomareoba sakmaod myari iyo. isini batonob dnen zRvaze da ukeT SeZlebdnen mokavSireTagan fulisa da sursaTis mopovebas, vidre aTenis xelisufleba. maT imedi hqondaT, rom alkibiadesi mefesTan daakavSirebda. uares SemTxvevaSi, sruli marcxis Semdegac ki, amodena flotiT isini SeZlebdnen TavisTvis axali miwa epovaT. meomrebi gaaTkecebuli ZaliT emzadebodnen omisTvis, `oTxasis~ warmomadgenlebma ki ver gabedes Casvla. amasobaSi peloponeselTa eskadraSi ukmayofileba mwif deboda. mezRvaurebi Ciodnen, rom astioq osi da tisafernesi Rupaven maT. astioqosi adrec gaurboda mterTan brZolas da axlac, rodesac aTenelebi airivnen, xolo maTi floti gafan tuli iyo, Zveleburad iqceoda. igi kvlavac amaod eloda tisafernesis finikiur eskadras. tisafernesi ki maT flots asustebda xelfasis uwesrigod da nawilobrivad gadaxdiT. amitom isini gadamwyvet brZolas moiTxovdnen. astioqosma gaiTvaliswina laSqris ganwyobileba da brZo lis gamarTva gadawyvita. as T ormeti xomaldiT is mikalesken gaem arTa. aTenelTa oTxmocdaorma xomaldma samosisken dai xia. aTenelebi strombiqidesis eskadras elodnen abidosi dan. peloponeselebi mikalesTan ganlagdnen da meore dRes samosze Tavdasxmas apirebdnen, magram Seityves maSveli Zalis mosvlis Sesaxeb da miletosSi gabrundnen. maSin aTenelebma as rva xomaldiT miletosisken gacures, magram mteri zRvaze ar gamoCnda da isini ukan dabrundnen. peloponeselebma ar icodnen, sad eSovaT fuli xomaldebis SesakeTeblad da ormoci xomaldi klearqosis sardlobiT farnabaZoss gaugzavnes. peloponeselTa eskadra Ria zRva Si gavida, raTa aTenelebs ar Sexvedroda, magram qariSxal Si mohyva. xomaldebis didi nawili ukan dabrunda, aTma ki helesponts miaRwia. 332 Tukidide.indd 332 01.04.2013 14:47:23 sam os el i sard leb i, gans ak uTr eb iT Tras ib ul os i, alkibiadesis dabrunebis momxreni iyvnen da maT saxalxo krebac daiyolies. alkibiadesi samosze Cavida. man moipova laSqris ndoba da sardlis Tanamdeboba. meomrebi mzad iyvnen, gaelaSqraT aTenze, magram alkibiadesma uaryo es azri da gadawyvita tisafernesTan gaegrZelebina molaparakebebi. aTenelTa sardlad arCevis Semdeg mas SeeZlo tisafernesi aTenelebiT daeSinebina, aTenelebi ki – tisafernesiT. alkibiadesis dabrunebis Semdeg miletosSi myof pelo poneselebs tisafernesisa da astioqosisadmi undobloba gauRrmavdaT. astioqosi Zlivs gadaurCa mezRvaurTa angariSsworebas, xolo miletelebma aiRes tisafernesis simagre da iqidan misi garnizoni gandevnes. lakedemonelebma flotis sardlad mindarosi daniSnes. man gadaib ara astioqosisgan sardloba, astioqosi ki lakede monSi gaemgzavra. mas axlda tisafernesis elCic, romelsac satrapi SesaZlo braldebebisgan unda daecva. lakedemonSi tisafernesis dasadanaSauleblad gaemgzavrnen mileteli elCebic da sirakuzeli hermokratesic. amasobaSi samosze Cavidnen alkibiadesic da mTavrobis elCebic. mebrZolebs elCebis mosmena ar surdaT da pireosze galaSqrebas iTxovdnen. alkibiadesma moaxerxa maTi daSoSmi neba da xeli aaRebina ara marto laSqrobaze, aramed elCebis dasjazec. alkibiadesma gaaTavisufla elCebi da maT aseTi rCeva misca: is ar iyo `xuTi aTasis~ mmarTvelobis winaaRmdegi, magram `oTxasi~ unda gaeu qmebinaT da `xuTasis~ sabWo aRed ginaT. man moiwona xarjebis Semcireba da mouwoda aTenelebs, araferi daeTmoT mtrisaTvis. Tu isini mters gadaurCebod nen, mxareebi erTmaneTSi moil aparakebdnen, xolo samosze an aTenSi marcxis SemTxvevaSi isini ganwirulebi iyvnen. im zafxuls urTierToba peloponeselebsa da tisaferness 333 Tukidide.indd 333 01.04.2013 14:47:23 Soris daiZaba. eWvebis gasafantad, tisafernesi aspendosSi wavida, raTa iqidan finikiur i eskadra wamoeyvana. gaugebari darCa, ratom ver gascda finikielTa as ormocdaSvidi xomal di aspendoss. alkibiadesic cameti xomaldiT aspendosisken daiZra. laSqars ki dahpirda, rom an finikielebs Camoiyvan da an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, maT xels SeuSlida pelopo neselebTan SeerTebaSi. man, rogorc Cans, Tavidanve icoda tisafernesis Canafiqri da axla Tavisi nabijiT cdilobda gaeRrmavebina uTanxmoeba tisafernessa da peloponeselebs Soris da satrapi aTenelTa mxares gadaebirebina. samosidan dabrunebulma elCebma aTenelebs gadasces alkibiadesis sityvebi. isini yvebodnen, rom alkibiadess hqonda laSqris moqalaqeebTan Serigebisa da mterze saboloo gamarjvebis imedi. gamxnevebuli moqalaqeebi ufro Tama mad gamoTqvamdnen mTavrobiT ukmayofilebas. am ganwyobas iziarebdnen Teramenosi, aristokratesi da oligarqiuli mTavrobis sxva wevrebic. miuxedavad maTi gadatrialebaSi monawileobisa, axla maT adardebdaT, erTi mxriv, laSqari da alkibiadesi, meore mxriv ki, lakedemonSi said umlod gagzav nili elCoba. isini ar iyvnen oligarqiis winaaRmdegni, magram moiTxovdnen saqmiT `xuTi aTasis~ mmarTvelobis damyarebas da isonomiis dacvas. sinamdvileSi es litoni sityvebi iyo da TiToeuls pirveloba undoda, rac saerTod Rupavs kidec demokratiidan warmoSobil oligarqiul reJims. `oTxaselebs~ Soris demokratiis aRdgenis mowinaaRmdege ebi iyvnen friniqosi, aristarqosi, peis androsi da antifoni. maT gagzavnes elCebi lakedemonSi mSvidobis dasamyareblad. amasobaSi grZeldeboda eetion eas simagris mSenebloba. samo sidan elCebis dabrunebis Semdeg oligarqebs ufro swrafad moqmedeba mouxdaT. maT gagzavnes antifoni da friniqosi lakedemonSi, raTa met-naklebad misaReb pirobebze zavi dae doT, Tan simagris mSenebloba daaCqares. Teramenesis azriT, 334 Tukidide.indd 334 01.04.2013 14:47:23 aqedan SesaZlebeli iqneboda, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mtris Semoyvana qalaqSi. iqve iqneboda marcvleulis maragi. eWvebi usafuZvlo sulac ar Canda. am dros aTenSi bazro baze uamravi xalxis Tvalwin mokles lakedemonidan dabrune buli friniqosi. mkvlelma mimalva moaxerxa da xelisuflebam mis kvals veRar miagno. pireosis maxloblad mtris xomaldebis gamoCenam gaaRrma va eWvebi. hoplitebma, romlebic cixes agebdnen, daatyveves sardali aleqsiklesi. maT hoplitebis didi nawili uWerda mxars. rodesac `oTxasis~ sabWom amis Sesaxeb Seityo, gangaSis gamocxadeba gadawyvites, xolo Teramenessa da mis momxreebs braldeba wauyenes. Teramenesma Tavi imarTla da Tqva, rom mzad iyo TviTon wasuliyo pireosSi tyveTa gasaTavisuf leblad. masTan erTad gaemarTa aristarqosi da ramdenime mxedari. mTeli qalaqi SeSfoTebuli iyo. aTenelebs egonaT, rom pireosi ajanyebulebma daikaves, xolo pireosi Tavdas xmas eloda. xnieri moqalaqeebi Zlivs akavebdnen axalgaz rdebs da maT simSvidisken mouwodebdnen. Teramenosisa da aristarqosis misvlis Semdeg hoplitebma gaaTavisufles aleqsiklesi, magram simagre daangries. isini moiTxovdnen `xuTi aTasis~ mmarTvelobis damyarebas, sinamdvileSi ki demokratiis aRdgenas eswrafodnen. meore dRes `oTxasi~ saTaTbirod sabWos SenobaSi Seikriba. SeiaraRebulma hoplitebma saxalxo kreba gamarTes da dios kurebis taZarTan sabrZolvelad daewyvnen. `oTxasis~ warmo madgenlebi cdilobdnen maT daSoSminebas da hpirdebodnen uaxloes xanebSi `xuTi aTasis~ arCevas. hoplitebi damSviddnen da saboloo gadawyvetileba Semdegi krebisaTvis gadades. krebisTvis daniSnul dRes maT Seityves mtris xomaldebis moaxloebis Sesaxeb. yvelas egona, rom es is safrTxe iyo, ris Sesaxebac maT Teramenesi eubneboda. SesaZloa, marTla arsebobda garkveuli SeTanxmeba, magram isic dasaSvebia, rom 335 Tukidide.indd 335 01.04.2013 14:47:23 mteri, romelmac icoda qalaqSi arsebuli viTareba, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis mis siaxloves imyofeboda. mTeli qalaqi pireos isken gaemarTa navsadguris dasacavad. peloponeselTa xomaldebma ki gza ganagrZes, sunions Semouares da oroposisken gacures. aTenelebma maT daadev nes saswrafod aRWurvili eskadra. mezRvaurebis gamoucde lobisa da udisciplinobis gamo aTenelebma sastiki marcxi ganicades, ocdaori xomaldi da uamravi xalxi dakarges. peloponeselebi evbeas daepatronen. marcxis Semdeg aTeni arnaxulma SiSma moicva. arc sicili uri eqspediciis daRupvas da arc sxva gasaWirs aseTi sasowar kveTileba ar mougvria maTTvis. samosze ajanyebuli laSqari idga, xomaldebi da mezRvaurebi aTenelebs aRar hyavdaT da arc is icodnen, rodis ifeTqebda amboxeba TviT qalaqSi. mar cxis Sedegad maT dakarges flotic da evbeac, romelzedac iyo damokidebuli maTi sursaTiT momarageba. aTenelebi yovel wuTs elodnen mtris gamoCenas pireosSi. peloponeselebs rom meti gabeduleba gamoeC inaT, amis gake Tebas iolad SeZlebdnen. pireosTan eskadris dayenebiT isini miaRwevdnen Sinaoms aTenSi. Tu ajanyebuli eskadra mSobli uri qveynis mixmarebas gadawyvetda, maSin peloponeselebs SeeZlebodaT Tavisuflad moqmedeba ioniaSi, helespontsa da kunZulebze. amiT aTenelTa mTeli samflobeloebi maT xelSi aRmoCndeboda. magram am SemTxvevaSic zanti lakedemonelebi aTenelTaTvis mosaxerxebeli mowinaaRmdegeebi aRmoCndnen. marcxis Semdeg aTenelebma mainc moaxerxes oci xomaldis aRWurva. maT pniqsze moiwvies saxalxo kreba da Zalaufleba `xuTi aTass~ gadasces. maT ricxvSi mxolod is moqalaqeebi Sediodnen, romlebsac sakuTari mZime aRWurviloba hqondaT. gauqmda anazRaureba saxelmwifo TanamdebobebisaTvis. mom devno saxalxo krebebzedac aTenelebi iRebdnen gadawyveti lebebs maTi wyobis Semdgomi srulyofisaTvis. es wyoba yvela 336 Tukidide.indd 336 01.04.2013 14:47:23 ze kargi iyo maT Soris, rasac me moveswari. igi oligarqiisa da demokratiis gonivrul nazavs warmoadgenda. saxelmwifo wyobam pirvelad gamoiyvana qveyana im mZime mdgomareob idan, romelSic is aRmoCnda. gadawyda daebrunebinaT alkibiadessi da sxva devnilebi. alkibiadessa da samosze mdgom laSqars ubrZanes omisTvis mzadeba. oligarqebis beladebi dekeleaSi gaiqcnen, aristarqosi ki gaemarTa oinoeSi, motyuebiT gamoiyvana iqidan aTenelTa gar nizoni da cixe mters Caabara. ase dasrulda aTenSi oligarqTa mmarTveloba da samoqalaqo dapirispireba. imave zafxuls mindarosma peloponesis eskadra miletosi dan helespontSi gadaiyvana. tisafernesis warmomadgenlebs ar mihqondaT maTTvis fuli, arc finikielTa gemebi Candnen da arc tisafernesi. am dros farnabaZosma TavisTan miiwvia peloponeselebi, raTa maTi eskadris daxmarebiT aejanyebi na aTenelTa mokavSire qveynebi. mindarosma samocdacameti xomaldi moulodnelad daZra helespontis mimarTulebiT. misi eskadra qariSxalma Seayovna da qiosTan gariya. Trasilosi swrafod daiZra ormocdaTxuTmeti xomal diT, raTa misTvis helespontisken gza gadaeRoba. rodesac man gaigo, rom mindarosi qiosze imyofeboda, moawyo saguSa goebi lesbossa da xmeleTze kunZulis pirdapir. TviTon ki meTimnesken gaemarTa, raTa sursaTi moemaragebina da iqidan dasxmoda Tavs qioss, Tu mindarosi iq gaCerdeboda. amasTan erTad, Trasiloss undoda amboxebuli eresosis aReba. aq Tavi moiyara aTenelTa samocdaSvidma xomaldma da maTi ekipaJebi qalaqis alyas Seudgnen. amasobaSi peloponesis eskadram qiosze ori dRis sagza li aiRo da zRvaSi gavida. isini cdilobdnen gverdi aevloT aTenelTa eskadrisTvis da lesbosis gaswvriv SemovliTi gziT gacurdnen. amasobaSi sestosTan mdgomma aTenelTa Teqvsmeti xomal 337 Tukidide.indd 337 01.04.2013 14:47:23 disgan Semdgarma eskadram miiRo cnoba mtris moaxloebis Sesaxeb. isini RamiTve daiZrnen, raTa mtris mosvlamde moes wroT Ria zRvaSi gasvla. aTenelebma SeumCnevlad auares gver di abidosTan mdgom eskadras da diliT mindaross Sexvdnen. xomaldebis umravlesobam moaswro Tavi Seefarebina imbro sisa da lemnosisTvis, oTxi xomaldi ki mters Cauv arda xelSi. peloponeselTa ori eskadra SeerTda da oTxmocdaeqvsi xomaldiT isini Tavs daesxnen elaiunts, magram qalaqi ver aiRes da abidosTan mobrundnen. eresosTan mdgomi aTenelebi mixvdnen, rom motyuvdnen gaTvlebSi da mowinaaRmdegem maT gverdi auara. maT kursi aiRes helespontisken, elaiunts miadgnen da sabrZolod gaemzadnen. aTenelebi erT xazze gamwkrivdnen da sanapiros gaswvriv sestosisken gacures. peloponeselebma SeamCnies mowinaaR mdege da abidosidan gamovidnen. peloponeselTa marjvena flangze sirakuzelTa xomaldebi idgnen, marcxenaze ki – TviT mindarosi, misi yvelaze swrafmavali gemebiT. aTe nelTa marcxena flangs Trasilosi sardlobda, marjvenas ki – Trasibulosi. peloponeselebi Cqarobdnen brZolis dawyebas. maTi geg mebi aseTi iyo: alyaSi moeqciaT aTenelTa marjvena frTa da moeWraT misTvis srutidan gasasvleli; amavdroulad centri ukuegdoT napiramde. aTenelebma gamoicnes mowinaaRmdegis gegma, gaWimes xomaldebis xazi im mimarTulebiT, sadac mowi naaRmdege maTTvis gzis gadaRobvas apirebda. amiT aTenelTa centri Sesustda. peloponeselebma Seut ies aTenelTa centrs, moimwyvdies is napirTan da metoqes xmeleTze daedevnen. centrs ver daex marebodnen flangebidan, radgan maT koncxi ufaravda xeds, Tanac mowinaaRmdegis sakmao raodenobis xomaldebTan uwev daT dapirispireba. magram rodesac gamarjvebulma pelopone selebma uSiSrad da uwesrigod daiwyes damarcxebuli mtris 338 Tukidide.indd 338 01.04.2013 14:47:23 devna, maTi sabrZolo mwyobri airia. Trasibulosi moutri alda mters, Tavs daesxa da ukuagdo igi. sirakuzelebmac ver gauZles Trasibulosis ieriSs da gaiqcnen. damarcxebis Semdeg peloponeselebi abidosisken gaiqcnen. aTenelebma mtris xomaldebis mxolod mcire raodenoba igdes xelT, radgan helespontSi bevri TavSesafari aRmoCnda. miuxedavad amisa, gamarjveba Zalze droul i iyo. am dRemde wvril-wvri li warumateblobebisa da siciliasTan katastrofis Semdeg maT peloponeselTa flotis eSinodaT. axla ki maT daibrunes sakuTari Zalebis rwmena. aTenelebma mtris ocdaerTi xomal di igdes xelT, TviTon ki TxuTmeti dakarges. maT gamarjvebis niSani aRmarTes, xomaldebis namtvrevebi Seagroves da daza vebis Semdeg mowinaaRmdeges daRupulTa cxedrebi gadasces. Semdeg aTenSi trieri gagzavnes sasixarulo cnobiT. evbeaze marcxisa da qalaqSi areulobis Semdeg aTenelebi Zlivs ije rebdnen am bednierebas. maT mdgomareob a aRar eCvenebodaT ganwirulad da gamarjvebis imedi gauCndaT. brZolidan meoTxe dRes aTenelebi sestosidan ajanyebu li kiZikosisken daiZrnen. gzad xelT igdes peloponeselTa rva xomaldi da maTi saxmeleTo razmi. aTenelebma kiZikosi daimorCiles da mas xarki daakisres. daaxloebiT amave dros samosze kavnosidan dabrunda alkibiadesi cnobiT, rom man xeli SeuSala finikielTa flo tis peloponeselebTan SeerTebas da rom amieridan tisafer nesi aTenelebTan kavSirisken ixreboda. tisafernesma Seityo, rom peloponeselebma miletosidan helespontSi gadain acvles, da ioniaSi dabrunda. pelopone selTa helespontSi yofnis dros maT hoplitebi gagzavnes antandrosSi da iqidan tisafernesis qveSevrdomi arsakosi gandevnes. miletosSi, knidossa da antandrosze momxdaris Semdeg tisafernesma sabolood aiyara guli peloponeselebze. is 339 Tukidide.indd 339 01.04.2013 14:47:24 maTgan mxolod axal usiam ovnebebs eloda. amasTan, is Zalze gaRizianda, rodesac gaigo, rom TarnabaZosma naklebi dana xarjebiT da ufro swrafad miimxro peloponeselebi da aTe nelebTan brZolaSi met Sedegsac miaRwia. amitom tisafernesma gadawyvita, helespontSi wasuliyo da gaesaCivrebina pelopo neselTa saqcieli antandrosSi. amave dros, Tavi emarTlebina finikielTa eskadris dagvianebis gamo. is Tavidan efesosSi Cavida da artemiss msxverpli Seswira. ase dasrulda omis ocdameerTe weli. 340 Tukidide.indd 340 01.04.2013 14:47:24 „msoflio literaturis biblioTeka“ antikuri mwerloba 1. 2. 3. 4. homerosi homerosi homerosi Zveli berZnuli lirika 5. pindarosi 6. herodote 7. Tukidide 8. esqile 9. sofokle 10.evripide 11.aristofane 12.platoni 13.platoni 14.platoni 15.Zveli berZnuli proza 16.qsenofoni 17.hesiode. apolo nios rodoseli 18.elinisturi da romauli komedia 19.ciceroni 20.gaius salus tius krispusi 21.vergiliusi 22.ovidiusi 23.romauli poezia 24.plutarqosi 25.plutarqosi 26.plutarqosi 27.lukianosi 28.romauli sais torio mwerloba 29.titus liviusi 30.markus avreliusi. fsevdo-longine 31.apiane. svetoniusi 32.longosi. heliodorosi 33.petroniusi. apuleiusi aRmosavluri klasikuri mwerloba 34. Zveli Suamdina ruli mwerloba 35. Zveli aRmosav luri mwerloba 36. Zveli aRTqmis poeturi wignebi 37. Zveli induri poezia da proza 38. mahabharata. ramaiana 39. Zveli Cinuri poezia 40. Zveli da Sua saukuneebis Cinuri da tibe turi litera turis Zeglebi Tukidide.indd 341 41. kalidasa 42. Sua saukuneebis aRmosavluri poezia 43. Seherazadas zRaprebi 44. sparsuli klasikuri poezia 45. firdousi 46. visramiani 47. saadi Sirazeli. al-jahizi 48. Sei-Sionagoni 49. niZio. ho giuni 50. nizami ganjeli 51. mola nasredi nis anekdotebi. TuTi-name. baxTiar-name. oTxi derviSis ambavi 52. sibrZne balahvarisi. Timsariani. mefeTa salaro 53. qilila da damana. Tormeti margaliti 54. Cinuri da iaponuri klasikuri drama 55. Sua saukuneebis ebrauli poezia 01.04.2013 14:47:24 Sua saukuneebis evropuli literatura 56.netari 60.Sua saukuneebis avgustine 57.netari avgustine 58.bizantiuri poezia 59.bizantiuri sasuliero mwerloba evropuli poezia 61.rolanis simRera. wigni tristanisa da izoldasi 62.ufrosi eda 63.kalevala. wigni I 64.kalevala. wigni II 65.simRera nibelungebze 66.nialis saga 67.irlandiuri sagebi 68.narTebi 69.bizantiuri romani 70.Tomas melori Zveli qarTuli mwerloba 71.Zveli qarTuli proza. wigni I 72.Zveli qarTuli proza. wigni II 73.Zveli qarTuli poezia 74.ioane minCxi. 75.qarTlis 77.ioane petriwi 78.mose xoneli. cxovreba. wigni I 76.qarTlis cxovreba. wigni II ioane SavTeli. CaxruxaZe 79.SoTa rusTaveli 80.Teimuraz pirveli. arCili miqael modrekili aRorZinebis xanisa da XVII saukunis evropuli mwerloba 81.jefri Coseri 82.aRorZinebis xanisa da XVII saukunis evropuli poezia 83.dante aligieri 84.aRorZinebis xanis evropuli novela 85.jovani bokaCo Tukidide.indd 342 86.jovani bokaCo 87.fransua rable 88.fransua rable 89.servantesi 90.servantesi 91.servantesi 92.servantesi 93.uiliam Seqspiri 94.uiliam Seqspiri 95.uiliam Seqspiri 96.uiliam Seqspiri 97.pier korneli. Jan rasini 98.Jan-batist molieri 99.laroSfuko. paskali. la briuieri 100.jon fleTCeri. jon miltoni. andreas grifiusi 01.04.2013 14:47:24 male gamova tomi 11 aristofane. komediebi 12 platoni. adreuli dialogebi, wigni I tomi 13 platoni. adreuli dialogebi, wigni II tomi 14 platoni. saxelmwifo tomi 15 Zveli berZnuli proza tomi 16 qsenofoni. Txzulebani tomi 17 hesiode. Teogonia; bayayebisa da Tagvebis omi; tomi apolonios rodoseli. argonavtika tomi tomi Tukidide.indd 343 18 elinisturi da romauli komedia 19 markus tulius ciceroni. sityvebi da dialogebi tomi 20 gaius salustius krispusi. Txzulebani 01.04.2013 14:47:24