istoria

Transcript

istoria
Tukidide
istoria
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Tukidide.indd 2
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antikuri mwerloba
Tukidide
istoria
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Tukidide
istoria
adaptirebuli teqstis avtori: levan gordeziani
seriis mTavari redaqtori da Semdgeneli: emzar goguaZe
redaqtori: diana yasumaSvili
dizaineri: ia maxaTaZe
ydis dizaineri: naTia kvaracxelia
damkabadonebeli: TinaTin berberaSvili
© bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2013
Targmani © levan gordeziani
yvela ufleba daculia.
Sps `bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba~
daviT aRmaSeneblis 150, Tbilisi 0112
tel: 291 09 54; 291 11 65
elfosta: [email protected]
ISBN 978-9941-15-827-8 (yvela tomi)
ISBN 978-9941-15-837-7 (Tukidide)
THUCYDIDES
History
Adapted text by: Levan Gordeziani
© Bakur Sulakauri Publishing, 2013
All rights reserved.
Bakur Sulakauri Publishing
150 Agmashenebeli Ave
0112, Tbilisi, Georgia
www.sulakauri.ge
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sarCevi
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pir­ve­li wig­ni.......................................................................................................
me­o­re wig­ni...........................................................................................................
me­sa­me wig­ni........................................................................................................
me­oTxe wig­ni.....................................................................................................
me­xu­Te wig­ni.....................................................................................................
me­eq­vse wig­ni.....................................................................................................
meS­vi­de wig­ni...................................................................................................
mer­ve wig­ni.........................................................................................................
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pir­ve­li wig­ni
Tu­ki­di­de aTe­nel­ma aR­we­ra pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta omi aTene­lebis
winaaRmdeg. is Ta­vi­si naS­ro­mis we­ras omis dawy­e­bis­Ta­na­ve
Se­ud­ga, rad­gan Ta­vi­dan­ve mix­vda, rom es omi yve­la­ze mniS­
vne­lo­va­ni da Rir­sSe­sa­niS­na­vi iq­ne­bo­da aqam­de war­mo­e­bul
yve­la oms So­ris. man ase gan­sa­ja, radgan ori­ve mxa­re brZo­lis
dawy­e­bas Ta­vi­si Zli­e­re­bis ze­nit­Si da srul sab­rZo­lo mzad­
yof­na­Si Sex­vda. gar­da ami­sa, is xe­dav­da, rom sxva ber­Znu­li
qa­la­qe­bic an uk­ve mi­em­xrnen ro­me­li­me mxa­res, an api­reb­dnen
amas. mar­Tlac, om­ma Se­Zra eli­ne­bic da bar­ba­ros­Ta na­wi­lic,
Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qvas, ka­cob­ri­o­bis di­di na­wi­li. mar­Ta­li­a, Cven­gan
dro­Si da­So­re­bis ga­mo, Zne­lia zus­tad dad­ge­na, Tu ra uZRo­da
win am oms da, miT ume­tes, ra xde­bo­da ki­dev uf­ro ad­re, mag­ram
sar­wmu­no cno­be­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze mi­ve­di im das­kvnam­de, rom es
Zve­li is­to­ri­u­li mov­le­ne­bi ar iyo mniS­vne­lo­va­ni arc sam­
xed­ro da arc sxva ram Tval­saz­ri­siT.
cxa­di­a, ax­la ela­dad wo­de­bul qve­ya­nas co­ta xnis win ga­uC­
nda bi­na­da­ri mo­sax­le­o­ba. Zve­lad aq ga­da­ad­gil­de­bod­nen
to­me­bi da yo­ve­li to­mi Ta­vis sacx­ov­riss uf­ro Zli­e­ri mom­
xvdu­ris ze­wo­lis Se­de­gad to­veb­da. ma­Sin jer ar ar­se­bob­da
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arc dRe­van­de­li vaW­ro­ba da arc to­mebs So­ris ur­Ti­er­To­ba
zRva­sa Tu xme­leT­ze. mi­was mxo­lod im­dens amu­Sa­veb­dnen, rom
Ta­vi ga­mo­ek­ve­baT. maT ar ga­aC­ndaT zed­me­ti qo­ne­ba, ar rgav­
dnen xe­xils, rad­gan ar icod­nen, ro­dis da­es­xmo­da Tavs mte­ri
da wa­ar­Tmev­da yve­la­fers, miT ume­tes, rom ma­Ti da­sax­le­be­
bi ar iyo ga­mag­re­bu­li. xal­xi Ta­vi­suf­lad to­veb­da Ta­vis
mi­was im ime­diT, rom sxva­ga­nac io­lad mo­i­po­veb­da sar­Cos.
ami­tom ar hqon­daT di­di qa­la­qe­bi da mniS­vne­lo­va­ni av­la­di­
de­ba. mo­sax­le­o­bis ase­Ti ga­da­ad­gi­le­be­bi met­wi­lad qvey­nis
yve­la­ze na­yo­fi­er mxa­re­eb­Si xde­bo­da: Te­sa­li­a­Si, be­o­ti­a­
Si, pe­lo­po­ne­sis did na­wil­Si (ar­ka­di­is ga­mok­le­biT) da sxv.,
rad­gan swo­red iq, sa­dac mi­wis na­yo­fi­e­re­bas ada­mi­a­nis­Tvis
ke­Til­dRe­o­ba moh­qon­da, Cnde­bo­da sa­mo­qa­la­qo da­pi­ris­pi­re­
ba. da­sax­le­ba kar­gav­da Tav­dac­vis unars da Ta­nac ucx­o­el­Ta
si­xar­bes aR­Zrav­da. mwir ati­ka­Si di­di xnis ganmavlobaSi ar
yo­fi­la Si­na­aS­li­lo­ba da xal­xic er­Ti da igi­ve cxov­rob­da.
imis Se­de­gad, rom ela­dis sxva mxa­re­eb­Si ati­kas­Tan Se­da­re­biT
mo­sax­le­o­ba swra­fad iz­rde­bo­da, war­Ci­ne­bu­li ltol­vi­le­bi
mTe­li ela­di­dan iy­rid­nen Tavs aTen­Si da mo­qa­la­qe­o­ba­sac
iReb­dnen, radgan iq usaf­rTxod iy­vnen. ati­ka ki am­den xalxs
ve­Rar itev­da da mog­vi­a­ne­biT aTe­ne­leb­ma da­iwy­es mo­a­xal­Se­
ne­Ta gay­va­na io­ni­a­Si.
Zveli dro­is mwir sax­sreb­ze mi­u­Ti­Tebs isic, rom trois
omam­de ela­das, ro­gorc Cans, mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ara­fe­ri Ca­u­
de­ni­a. vgo­neb, qve­ya­nas ma­Sin arc er­qva ase, xo­lo eli­nam­de,
dev­ka­li­o­nis Zem­de, es sa­xe­li arc ar­se­bob­da. sxva­da­sxva to­mi
(pe­las­ge­bic da sxve­bic) aZ­lev­da qve­ya­nas Ta­vis sa­xels. mas
Sem­deg, rac elin­ma da mis­ma va­Jeb­ma xe­li­suf­le­ba mo­i­po­ves
fTi­a­Si da sxva qa­la­qeb­mac da­iwy­es maT­Tvis dax­ma­re­bis Txov­
na, es sa­xe­li Tan­da­Ta­no­biT gav­rcel­da, mag­ram sa­yo­vel­Ta­od
mi­Re­bu­li sul co­ta xnis win gax­da. amis sa­u­ke­Te­so sa­buTs
ho­me­ro­si gvaw­vdis. ho­me­ro­si xom trois om­ze bev­rad gvi­an
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cxov­rob­da, mag­ram is eli­nebs uwo­debs mxo­lod aqi­lev­sis
raz­me­lebs fTi­a­dan – isi­ni iy­vnen pir­ve­li eli­ne­bi. xo­lo sxva
to­me­bis zo­gad sa­xe­lad ho­me­ros­Tan gvev­li­ne­ba da­na­e­le­bi,
ar­go­se­le­bi, aqa­ve­le­bi. is ar xma­robs ase­ve sity­vas bar­ba­ro­si,
al­baT imi­tom, rom eli­ne­bi jer ar iy­vnen maT­gan ga­mo­yo­fi­li
da sa­ku­Ta­ri saerTo sa­xe­liT ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li.
gad­mo­ce­miT vi­ciT, rom mi­no­si iyo pir­ve­li mbrZa­ne­be­li,
vinc Seq­mna flo­ti da elin­Ta zRvis did na­wil­ze mo­i­po­va
ba­to­no­ba. man da­ipy­ro kik­la­de­bis kun­Zu­le­bi, bev­rgan Seq­mna
axal­Se­ne­bi, gan­dev­na ka­ri­e­le­bi da mmar­Tve­le­bad sa­ku­Ta­ri
va­Je­bi gamoacxada. man­ve Se­u­tia me­kob­re­ebs, ra­Ta SeZ­le­bis­
dag­va­rad ga­e­zar­da sa­ku­Ta­ri Se­mo­sa­va­li.
uZ­ve­le­si dro­i­dan, ro­gorc ki sazR­vao vaW­ro­ba ga­mo­cocx­
lda, eli­neb­mac da bar­ba­ro­seb­mac na­pir­sa da kun­Zu­leb­ze
me­kob­re­o­bas mih­yves xe­li. amis mo­Ta­ve­e­bi iy­vnen war­Ci­ne­bu­
le­bi, rom­le­bic xe­ir­sa da Ra­rib­Ta da­pu­re­bas es­wraf­vod­nen.
isi­ni Tavs es­xmod­nen da­u­cvel sof­lebs, Zar­cvav­dnen maT da ase
mo­i­po­veb­dnen sa­ar­se­bo sa­Su­a­le­bas. es iT­vle­bo­da ara sa­mar­
cxvi­no, ara­med sag­mi­ro saq­med. ama­ze mi­uT
­ i­Tebs ro­gorc zo­gi
xal­xis Cve­u­le­be­bi (maT­Tvis dRem­de sa­a­ma­yoa am­gvar saq­me­eb­Si
ga­wa­fu­lo­ba), ase­ve Zve­li po­e­te­bi, maT­Tan mas­pin­Ze­li mezR­
va­urs yo­vel­Tvis ekiTx­e­ba, me­kob­re xom ar xa­ro – Cans, arc
erT mxa­res es saq­me sa­Ta­ki­lod ar mi­aC­nda. xal­xi Zar­cvav­da
erTma­neTs xme­leT­zec. dRem­de ela­dis bevr mxa­re­Si Se­mor­Ca
xal­xi, vinc am Zvel wess mis­devs. yo­vel­dRi­ur cxov­re­ba­Si
ia­ra­Ris ta­re­bis Cve­vac swo­red aqe­dan mo­dis.
Zve­lad mTe­li ela­da Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li da­di­o­da, rad­gan arc
sof­le­bi iyo ga­mag­re­bu­li da arc gze­bi – usaf­rTxo. ami­tom
xal­xi, bar­ba­ro­se­bis msgav­sad, ia­raRs sax­lSic ar ix­sni­da.
ela­dis is ol­qe­bi, sa­dac am­gva­ri we­si je­rac Se­mor­Ca, na­Te­li
sa­bu­Tia imi­sa, rom odes­Rac mTe­li ela­da ase cxov­rob­da. aTe­
ne­leb­ma yve­la­ze ad­re Tqves ua­ri ia­ra­Ris ta­re­ba­ze mSvi­do­bi­an
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dros da fu­fu­ne­biT cxov­re­ba da­iwy­es. xni­e­ri xal­xi war­Ci­ne­
bul­Ta wri­dan mxo­lod sul co­ta xnis win Se­e­lia fu­fu­ne­bis
iseT niS­nebs, ro­go­ri­caa se­lis qi­to­ni da rTu­li var­cxni­
lo­ba. aTe­nel­Ta mo­na­Te­sa­ve io­ni­e­leb­sac did­xans Se­mor­CaT
am­gva­rad Cac­mis Cve­va. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma pir­ve­leb­ma Se­mo­i­Res
Ta­na­med­ro­ve ub­ra­lo sa­mo­si da ma­Ti war­Ci­ne­bu­le­bic ri­giT
mo­qa­la­qe­Ta msgav­sad cxov­rob­dnen.
qa­la­qe­bi (rom­le­bic da­ar­sda mas Sem­deg, rac zRva­os­no­ba
Se­da­re­biT usaf­rTxo gax­da da Se­mo­sa­va­li ga­i­zar­da), uSu­a­
lod zRvis na­pir­ze, vaW­ro­bi­sa da Tav­dac­vis­Tvis mo­sa­xer­xe­
bel ad­gi­las Sen­de­bo­da da icavda ga­lav­ani. Zve­li qa­la­qe­bi
ki, pi­ri­qiT, zRvis­gan mo­So­re­biT mde­ba­re­ob­da, ra­Ta mud­mi­vi
ya­Ca­Ru­ri Tav­das­xme­bis­gan yo­fi­liy­o da­cu­li.
me­kob­re ka­ri­e­le­bi da fi­ni­ki­e­le­bi bevr kun­Zu­l­ze cxov­
rob­dnen. ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­ma omis dros de­lo­si gaw­min­des
da sa­mar­xebi ga­i­ta­nes kun­Zu­li­dan, Ca­ta­ne­bu­li ia­ra­Ris da
dak­rZal­vis we­sis mi­xed­viT ga­ir­kva, rom mic­va­le­bul­Ta na­xe­
var­ze me­ti ka­ri­e­li iyo. zRva­ze mekobreTa gandevnisa da mi­no­
sis ba­to­no­bis dam­ya­re­bis Sem­deg zRva­os­no­ba ga­mo­cocx­lda,
mi­nos­ma da­a­sax­la mekobreTagan daclili kun­Zu­le­bis um­rav­
le­so­ba. sa­na­pi­ros mcxov­reb­leb­ma, rom­le­bic gam­did­rdnen
da dam­kvid­rdnen am mi­wa­ze, ga­lav­ne­bi Se­mo­ar­tyes Ta­vi­anT
qa­la­qebs. gam­did­re­bis sur­vi­li ai­Zu­leb­da uf­ro sust qa­la­
qebs, ae­ta­naT Zli­e­rTa po­li­ti­ku­ri da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba, xo­lo
Zli­e­re­bi sar­geb­lob­dnen sa­ku­Ta­ri sim­did­riT da imor­Ci­
leb­dnen sus­tebs. elin­Ta qa­la­qe­bi did­xans im­yo­fe­bod­nen am
mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si, Tumca tro­a­ze sa­laS­qrod mxo­lod mog­vi­a­
ne­biT ga­e­mar­Tnen.
aga­mem­no­ni, Ce­mi az­riT, imi­tom ki ar sar­dlob­da am laS­qro­
bas, rom ele­nes yo­fi­li saq­mro­e­bi tin­da­rev­si­sad­mi mi­ce­mu­li
fi­cis ga­mo gah­yvnen mas, ara­med imi­tom, rom Ta­na­med­ro­ve­Ta
So­ris is uZ­li­e­re­si iyo. im xal­xTa gad­mo­ce­miT, vi­sac wi­na­par­
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Ta­gan san­do cno­be­bi hqon­da pe­lo­po­ne­sis is­to­ri­is Se­sa­xeb,
pe­lop­onesma pir­vel­ma mo­i­po­va Za­la­uf­le­ba im gan­Zis wya­
lo­biT, ro­me­lic azi­i­dan Ca­mo­i­ta­na. mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa,­ rom
ucx­o­el
­ i iyo, man mi­aR­wia imas, rom qve­ya­nas mi­si sa­xe­li ewo­
da, xo­lo mi­si mem­kvid­re­e­bi gaZ­li­er­dnen. ev­ris­Tev­si ati­ka­Si
da­i­Ru­pa he­rak­li­deb­Tan brZo­la­Si, xolo sanam iq wa­vi­do­da,
man Ta­vis de­dis Zmas, at­revss Ca­a­ba­ra mi­ke­ni da sa­me­fo xe­li­
suf­le­ba. ra­ki ev­ris­Tev­si ve­Rar dab­run­da laS­qro­bi­dan,
he­rak­li­de­bisgan daSinebulma mi­ke­ne­leb­ma me­fo­ba ne­ba­yof­
lo­biT gadasces Zle­va­mo­sil at­revss, man ki ev­ris­Tev­sis qve­
Sev­rdo­me­bis ke­Til­gan­wyo­ba mo­i­po­va. ase gax­dnen pe­lo­pi­de­bi
per­sev­sis STa­mo­mav­leb­ze uf­ro Zli­er­ni. mTe­li es Za­la­uf­le­ba
aga­mem­nons er­go mem­kvid­re­o­biT. gar­da ami­sa, mi­si flo­ti aRe­
ma­te­bo­da sxve­bi­sas. ase rom, is Ca­ud­ga laS­qars sa­Ta­ve­Si da
ara imitom, rom sxva be­la­de­bs uyvardaT igi, ara­med imitom,
rom eSinodaT misi. man Tvi­To­nac uam­ra­vi xo­mal­di ga­mo­iy­va­na
da, Tu ho­me­ross ven­do­biT, ar­ka­di­el
­ eb­sac mis­ca xo­mal­de­bi.
ho­me­ro­si kver­Txis mem­kvid­re­o­biT mi­Re­bis am­bav­Tan da­kav­
Si­re­bi­Tac gvam­cnobs, rom aga­mem­no­ni uam­rav kun­Zul­ze da
ar­go­sis vrcel sa­me­fo­ze mbrZa­neb­lob­da. cxa­di­a, ma­te­rik­ze
mcxov­reb aga­mem­nons ar Se­eZ­lo da­e­mor­Ci­le­bi­na kun­Zu­le­bi
Zli­e­ri flo­tis ga­re­Se. am­de­nad, tro­a­ze laS­qro­ba war­mod­
ge­nas gviq­mnis ma­Sin­de­li ela­dis zo­gad mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­ze.
mi­ke­ni Zalian patarac rom yo­fi­li­yo (dRes Cven yve­la Zve­li
qa­la­qi um­niS­vne­lod gveC­ve­ne­ba), es ar iq­ne­bo­da sak­ma­ri­si sa­fuZ­
ve­li tro­a­ze laS­qro­bis di­de­bis da­sam­cro­bad. war­mo­vid­gi­noT,
rom la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta qa­la­qi da­in­gra da mis­gan ga­dar­Ca mxo­lod
sam­loc­ve­lo­e­bi da sa­ja­ro da­we­se­bu­le­ba­Ta sa­Zir­kvle­bi. vfiq­
rob, mra­va­li wlis Sem­deg Cvens mem­kvid­re­ebs ga­uC­ndaT eW­vi,
Se­e­sa­ba­me­ba Tu ara ma­Ti re­a­lu­ri Za­la maT­sa­ve sa­xels. dRes
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi flo­ben pe­lo­po­ne­sis or me­sa­meds, xel­mZRva­
ne­lo­ben mTel na­xe­var­kun­Zuls da mra­val mo­kav­Si­res da­nar­Cen
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ela­da­Si. mag­ram spar­ta ar aris er­Ti mTli­an
­ o­ba, mas ar ga­aC­
nia brwyin­va­le taZ­re­bi da sa­ja­ro na­ge­bo­be­bi. Zve­li eli­nu­ri
qa­la­qe­bis msgav­sad, is Sed­ge­ba sof­le­bi­sa­gan da mi­si Zli­e­re­ba
bev­rad um­niS­vne­lod mo­eC­ve­ne­bo­daT, vid­re es si­nam­dvi­le­Si­a.
igi­ve be­di rom aTe­ne­lebs swe­o­daT, ga­reg­nu­li niS­nis mi­xed­viT,
maT Zli­e­re­bas re­a­lur­ze or­jer me­tad war­mo­id­gen­dnen. ami­tom,
amjerad nu mo­ve­ki­de­biT un­dob­lad gad­mo­ce­mas da nu mi­va­ni­WebT
qa­la­qe­bis ga­reg­nul iers met mniS­vne­lo­bas, vid­re maT nam­dvil
Za­las. Tu isev ho­me­ross da­vey­rdno­biT, Zvel laS­qro­ba­Ta So­ris
tro­a­ze laS­qro­ba ­iT­v­leba yve­la­ze mniS­vne­lov­nad, mag­ram
is Ca­mo­u­var­de­ba dRe­van­del omebs. po­et­ma al­baT Se­a­la­ma­za
da ga­az­vi­ad
­ a mov­le­ne­bi, mag­ram asec rom iyos, es laS­qro­ba
ma­inc um­niS­vne­lod ga­mo­i­yu­re­ba. po­e­ti mo­ix­se­ni­ebs aTas oras
xo­malds. mi­si TqmiT, be­ot
­ i­el­Ta Ti­To xo­mal­dze as o­ci ka­ci
iyo, fi­loq­te­te­sis xo­mal­dze ki – or­moc­da­a­Ti. ro­gorc Cans,
igi yve­la­ze did da yve­la­ze pa­ta­ra xo­mal­debs ax­se­nebs. sxva­Ta
zo­meb­ze, yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si, `xo­mal­dTa ka­ta­log­Si~ ho­me­ro­si
ara­fers am­bobs. xo­mal­dze Ti­To­e­u­li ka­ci rom me­o­ma­ric iyo
da me­niC­bec, aS­ka­rad Cans fi­loq­te­te­sis ge­me­bis aR­we­ri­lo­
bi­dan. mar­Tlac, yo­vel me­niC­bes is mo­is
­ ar­sac uwo­debs. sa­eW­
vo­a, xo­mal­deb­ze me­niC­be­eb
­ is gar­da yo­fi­li­yo vinme, me­fe­eb­sa
da ga­mor­Ce­ul be­la­debs Tu ar Cav­TvliT, miT uf­ro, rom maT
zRvis ga­da­cur­va sru­li aR­Wur­vi­lo­biT uwev­daT. xo­mal­debs
ar hqon­da ze­da gem­ba­ni da isi­ni Zve­li we­siT ige­bo­da, me­kob­re­Ta
na­ve­bis msgav­sad. yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si, Tu avi­RebT mebrZolTa
sa­Su­al
­ o raodenobas yve­la­ze di­di da yve­la­ze pa­ta­ra xo­mal­
dis­Tvis, cxa­dia xde­ba, rom om­Si arc ise bev­ri aqa­ve­li wa­su­la,
arada laS­qa­ri mTel ela­das war­mo­ad­gen­da.
amis mi­ze­zi iyo ara ada­mi­a­ne­bis, ara­med fu­lis nak­le­bo­ba.
mo­ma­ra­ge­bis sir­Tu­lis ga­mo, aqa­ve­leb­ma wa­iy­va­nes imdeni meo­
mari, ramdenis ad­gil­ze ga­mok­ve­bis ime­dic hqon­daT. ma­Si­nac
ki, ro­de­sac Cas­vlis­Ta­na­ve aqa­ve­leb­ma pir­ve­li brZo­la mo­ig
­ es
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(cxa­di­a, sxva­na­i­rad ver Se­mo­av­leb­dnen ga­la­vans Ta­vis ba­naks),
maT om­Si ar ga­mo­u­ye­ne­bi­aT mTe­li laS­qa­ri. sak­ve­bis mo­po­ve­
bis sa­Wi­ro­e­bam ai­Zu­la isi­ni, mi­wis da­mu­Sa­ve­ba da ya­Ca­Ro­ba
daewyoT. swo­red aqa­vel­Ta raz­me­bis daq­saq­su­lo­bis ga­mo,
tro­el
­ e­bi gaS­lil vel­ze aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi uwevdnen maT
winaaRmdegobas da yo­vel­Tvis mzad iy­vnen Seb­mod­nen ad­gil­ze
dar­Ce­nil mters. aqa­ve­le­bi rom sak­ve­bis di­di ma­ra­giT Ca­mo­su­
liy­vnen da xvna-­Tes­vi­sa da ya­Ca­Ro­bis nac­vlad, mTe­li Za­li­Ta
da mon­do­me­biT eo­maT, isi­ni io­lad ai­Reb­dnen tro­as. Tumca
ar­se­bu­li Za­le­bis na­wi­lis ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­Tac isi­ni war­ma­te­biT
ib­rZod­nen; al­yaSi rom moeqciaT, tro­as uf­ro swra­fad da
da­u­Za­ba­vad sZlev­dnen. am­de­nad, Zve­li laS­qro­be­bi um­niS­vne­
lo iyo sax­sre­bis sim­wi­ris ga­mo, maT So­ris yve­la­ze cno­bi­lic
ki aRar ga­mo­i­yu­re­ba ise brwyin­va­led, ro­gorc es po­e­te­bis
gad­mo­ce­ma­Si­a.
ela­da­Si tro­is omis Sem­de­gac xde­bo­da tom­Ta ga­da­ad­gi­
le­ba, iq­mne­bo­da axa­li da­sax­le­be­bi, qve­ya­na ver axer­xeb­da
mSvi­do­bi­an gan­vi­Ta­re­bas. ili­o­ni­dan elin­Ta dag­vi­a­ne­bul
dab­ru­ne­bas qa­la­qeb­Si cvli­le­be­bi da Si­na­aS­li­lo­ba moh­yva,
ris Se­de­ga­dac dev­ni­le­bi aar­se­ben axal qa­la­qebs. ma­ga­li­
Tad, Te­sa­li­el­Ta mi­er ga­mo­dev­ni­li Ta­na­med­ro­ve be­o­ti­el­Ta
wi­nap­re­bi, dRe­van­del be­ot
­ i­a­Si (ro­me­lic ad­re kad­me­ad iwo­
de­bo­da), ili­o­nis aRe­bi­dan sa­mo­ci wlis Sem­deg ga­da­sax­ldnen,
xo­lo tro­as da­ce­mi­dan oTx­mo­ci wlis Sem­deg do­ri­e­leb­ma
he­rak­li­deb­Tan er­Tad da­ipy­res pe­lo­po­ne­si. mtki­ce mSvi­do­
ba Tan­da­Ta­no­biT dam­yar­da, Sewy­da xal­xTa iZu­le­bi­Ti ga­da­
ad­gi­le­ba da eli­neb­ma ucxo qvey­ne­bis ko­lo­ni­za­cia da­iwy­es.
aTe­ne­le­bi io­ni­a­Si da mra­val kun­Zul­ze da­sax­ldnen, xo­lo
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Zi­ri­Ta­dad ita­li­a­sa da si­ci­li­a­Si, ase­ve
da­nar­Ce­ni ela­dis zog mxa­re­Si dam­kvid­rdnen. es da­sax­le­be­bi
uk­ve tro­as omis Sem­deg gaC­nda.
ela­da sul uf­ro Zli­er­de­bo­da da mdid­rde­bo­da. mdi­da­
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ri qa­la­qe­bis um­rav­le­so­ba ti­ran­Ta xel­Si aR­moC­nda. ad­re aq
mem­kvid­re­o­bi­Ti sa­me­fo xe­li­suf­le­ba iyo gar­kve­ul
­ i sa­pa­tio
uf­le­be­bi­Ta da pri­vi­le­gi­e­biT. eli­neb­ma da­iwy­es xo­mal­de­bis
age­ba da zRva­os­no­ba. gad­mo­ce­miT, pir­ve­leb­ma ko­rin­Te­leb­ma
aa­ges Ta­na­med­ro­ves msgav­si me­To­diT xo­mal­de­bi, maT­ve Seq­mnes
pir­ve­li tri­e­re­bi. ko­rin­Tel­ma gem­TmSe­ne­bel­ma ami­nok­les­ma,
ro­me­lic sa­mo­s­ze am omis das­ru­le­bam­de Ca­vi­da, iqac aa­go oTxi
xo­mal­di. pir­ve­li sazR­vao brZo­la, ram­de­na­dac vi­ci, mox­da
ko­rin­Te­leb­sa da ker­ki­re­lebs So­ris oras sa­mo­ci wlis win.
ko­rin­Te­le­bi xom uZ­ve­le­si dro­i­dan sax­lob­dnen is­Tmo­sis
yel­ze, iq sa­vaW­ro nav­sad­gurs flob­dnen. rad­gan ad­re pe­lo­
po­nes­Si da mis ga­reT mcxov­re­bi eli­ne­bi ko­rin­Tel­Ta qvey­nis
gav­liT ewe­od­nen sax­me­le­To vaW­ro­bas, ko­rin­Tosi Za­li­an
gam­did­rda, ro­gorc amas po­e­te­bi gvam­cno­ben. zRva­os­no­bi­sa
da sazR­vao vaW­ro­bis ga­mo­cocx­le­bas­Tan er­Tad ko­rin­Te­le­
bi Se­ud­gnen me­kob­re­o­bas­Tan brZo­las. sa­vaW­ro nav­sad­gu­ris
mowy­o­bis Sem­deg ko­rin­Tel­Ta qve­ya­na ki­dev uf­ro gam­did­rda
zRvi­dan da xme­le­Ti­dan mom­di­na­re Se­mo­sav­lebiT. io­ni­e­lebs
flo­ti bev­rad uf­ro gvi­an ga­uC­ndaT, uk­ve ki­ro­sis, pir­ve­li
spar­se­li me­fis da mi­si va­Jis, kam­bi­se­sis dros. am flo­tiT
io­ni­e­le­bi ki­ros­Tan om­Si erTxans inar­Cu­neb­dnen upi­ra­te­so­bas
zRva­ze, sa­ku­Tar na­pi­reb­Tan. sa­mo­sis ti­rans – po­lik­ra­te­sac
hyav­da Zli­er
­ i flo­ti kam­bi­se­sis dros. sxva kun­Zu­lebs So­ris
man da­im
­ or­Ci­la re­ni­ac, da igi de­lo­sel apo­lons uZR­vna. da­
bo­los, fo­ke­e­le­bi, rom­leb­mac da­a­ar­ses ma­sa­li­a, amar­cxeb­
dnen kar­Ta­ge­ne­lebs sazR­vao brZo­leb­Si.
es iyo yve­la­ze Zli­e­ri sazR­vao qvey­ne­bi. mar­Ta­li­a, tro­as
omis Sem­deg mra­va­li Ta­o­ba Se­ic­va­la, mag­ram yve­la am qve­ya­nas,
sa­va­ra­u­dod, co­ta tri­e­ri hyav­daT da isi­nic pen­te­kon­to­
re­bi­Ta da tro­is omisdro­in­de­lis msgav­si grZe­li sam­xed­ro
xo­mal­de­biT da­cu­rav­dnen. mxo­lod mi­di­ur ome­bam­de da da­ri­
o­sis gar­dac­va­le­bam­de (ro­me­lic spar­sel­Ta me­fe gax­da kam­bi­
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se­sis Sem­deg) co­ta xniT ad­re ga­uC­ndaT si­ci­li­el ti­ra­neb­sa
da ker­ki­re­lebs mra­va­li tri­e­ri. ese­ni xom uZ­li­e­re­si sazR­vao
qvey­ne­bi iy­vnen qser­qses laS­qro­bam­de. egi­ne­le­bi, aTe­ne­le­bi
da, Se­saZ­lo­a, zo­gi sxvac ma­Sin mxo­lod mci­re xo­mal­debs,
Zi­ri­Ta­dad, pen­te­kon­to­rebs flob­dnen. mxo­lod mog­vi­a­ne­biT,
egi­ne­leb­Tan omis dros, ro­de­sac uk­ve bar­ba­ros­Ta Tav­das­xmas
elod­nen, Temistoklesma da­ar­wmu­na aTe­ne­le­bi, Se­eq­mnaT sa­xe­
lo­va­ni flo­ti, rom­li­Tac isi­ni bar­ba­ro­sebs Se­eb­nen. Tum­ca,
arc am xo­mal­debs hqon­da ze­da gem­ba­ni.
ase­Ti mok­rZa­le­bu­li iyo elin­Ta sazR­vao Za­le­bi Zvel dro­
Sic da Sem­dgom­Sic. da ma­inc, is qvey­ne­bi, rom­le­bic be­ji­Tad
mis­dev­dnen zRva­os­no­bas, aR­wev­dnen met Zli­e­re­bas, mdid­rde­
bod­nen da imor­Ci­leb­dnen sxva qvey­nebs. Ta­vi­si xo­mal­de­biT isi­
ni Tavs es­xmod­nen da ipy­rob­dnen kun­Zu­lebs. mag­ram xme­leT­ze
saq­me ar mi­di­o­da iseT omam­de, ro­me­lic di­di sam­xed­ro Za­lis
ga­Ce­nas ga­mo­iw­vev­da. yve­la omi me­zob­lebs So­ris xde­bo­da, So­re­
ul dapy­ro­biT laS­qro­bebs eli­ne­bi ar awy­ob­dnen. Zli­er qvey­
nebs ma­Sin jer ki­dev ar hyav­daT da­mo­ki­de­bu­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi,
xo­lo sustebs ar sur­daT sa­er­To laS­qro­beb­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­ba.
eli­nu­ri qvey­ne­bi Zvel dro­Si mxo­lod er­Txel, qal­ki­del­Ta
da eret­ri­el­Ta om­Si Ca­eb­nen er­Tis an me­o­ris mxa­re­ze.
cal­ke­u­li qvey­nis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas sxva­das­xva ga­re­mo­e­ba afer­
xeb­da. io­ni­e­le­bis mom­Zlav­re­bis­Ta­na­ve maT­ze ga­i­laS­qra ki­ros­
ma. kro­i­so­sis sa­me­fos da­mar­cxe­bis Sem­deg man da­i­mor­Ci­la
mTe­li xme­le­Ti mdi­na­re ha­li­si­dan zRvam­de da Ta­vi­suf­le­ba
wa­ar­Tva qa­la­qebs ma­te­rik­ze. mog­vi­a­ne­biT da­ri­os­ma fi­ni­ki­
el­Ta flo­tis dax­ma­re­biT kun­Zu­le­bic da­ipy­ro.
yve­la ti­ra­ni eli­nur qvey­neb­Si mxo­lod pi­ra­di in­te­re­se­bis
Se­sa­ba­mi­sad moq­me­deb­da. ma­Ti po­li­ti­ka ar­se­bi­Tad sa­ku­Tar
Tav­ze, sax­lze da mi­si mdgo­ma­re­o­bis gan­mtki­ce­ba­ze zrun­va
gax­ldaT, maT mezoblebTan omis garda ara­fe­ri mniS­vne­lo­
va­ni ar ga­u­ke­Te­bi­aT. mxo­lod si­ci­li­is ti­ra­neb­ma mi­aR­wi­es
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did war­ma­te­bebs. am­de­nad, ela­dis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas di­di xnis
ganmavlobaSi sxva­das­xva ram aferxebda. ami­tom sa­er­To di­di
saq­me­e­bis ke­Te­ba ver xerxdeboda, cal­ke­u­li qve­ya­na ki fxas
ver iCen­da.
aTe­nisa da da­nar­Ce­ni ela­dis ti­ra­ne­bi (e­la­das di­dxans
ti­ra­ne­bi marTavdnen), si­ci­li­e­li ti­ra­ne­bis garda, la­ke­de­
mo­ne­leb­ma gan­dev­nes. ram­de­na­dac vi­ci, la­ke­de­mo­ni iq do­ri­
e­le­bis da­sax­le­bis Sem­deg, sxva qvey­neb­ze me­tad da­za­ral­da
Si­na­o­mebis­gan. mag­ram qve­ya­na kar­gi ka­no­ne­biT imar­Te­bo­da da
mas ara­so­des da­pat­ro­ne­bia ti­ra­ni. da­ax­lo­e­biT oTx­a­si we­li
an me­ti icx­ov­res la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma er­Ti sa­xel­mwi­fo wyo­bis
pi­ro­beb­Si. ami­tom maT did Zli­e­re­bas mi­aR­wi­es da Se­e­cad­nen,
sxva qvey­neb­Sic daem­ya­re­bi­naT msgav­si kanonebi. ela­di­dan ti­ra­
ne­bis gan­dev­ni­dan ram­de­ni­me wlis Sem­deg ma­ra­Ton­Tan mox­da
brZo­la mi­di­e­leb­sa da aTe­ne­lebs So­ris. xo­lo am brZo­li­dan
me­a­Te wels bar­ba­ro­si kvlav da­iZ­ra di­di laS­qriT ela­dis
da­sa­mo­neb­lad. ela­das udi­de­si saf­rTxe da­e­muq­ra da la­ke­
de­mo­ne­le­bi, ro­gorc yve­la­ze Zle­va­mo­si­le­bi, sa­Ta­ve­Si Ca­ud­
gnen elin­Ta ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bul laS­qars, aTe­ne­leb­ma ki mi­di­el­Ta
Se­mo­se­vi­sas sa­ku­Ta­ri qa­la­qi mia­to­ves, mTe­li qoneba ge­meb­ze
aitanes da zRva­os­ne­bi gax­dnen. sa­er­To Za­le­biT bar­ba­ro­sis
gan­dev­nis Sem­deg me­fi­sa­gan gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bu­li eli­ne­bidan da
ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ idan zo­gi aTe­ne­lebs mi­em­xro, zo­gi – la­ke­de­
mo­ne­lebs. es ori qve­ya­na ma­Sin yve­la­ze Zli­er
­ i iyo, er­Ti xme­
leT­ze, me­o­re – zRva­ze. mag­ram es sam­xed­ro kav­Si­ri xan­grZli­vi
ar aRmoCnda. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da aTe­ne­le­bi mtro­bam da­a­So­ra,
isi­ni mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad eb­rZod­nen er­Tma­neTs. eli­nuri
qvey­nebic, yo­vel­Tvis, ro­ca maT So­ris SuR­li ifeT­qeb­da, an
aTens uer­Tde­bod­nen, an la­ke­de­mons. ami­tom mi­di­u­ri ome­bis
dam­Tav­re­bi­dan am omam­de isi­ni xan zavs deb­dnen, xa­nac eo­me­
bod­nen er­Tma­neTs an yofil mo­kav­Si­re­ebs, xvew­dnen sam­xed­ro
os­ta­to­bas, iZen­dnen ga­moc­di­le­bas, eC­ve­od­nen xi­faTs.
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la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ar sTxov­dnen Ta­vis mo­kav­Si­re­ebs xarks,
mag­ram cdi­lob­dnen la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis mo­sa­wo­ni oli­gar­qi­u­li
mmar­Tve­lo­ba daemyarebinaT. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki dro­Ta gan­mav­
lo­ba­Si mo­kav­Si­re­ebs (qi­o­se­le­bi­sa da les­bo­se­le­bis gar­da)
xo­mal­de­bis gay­va­na da fu­la­di ga­da­sa­xa­di da­u­we­ses. ami­tom
ma­Ti sab­rZo­lo Za­la omis win ki­dev uf­ro ga­i­zar­da.
ai, sa­dam­de mi­ve­di ela­dis Zve­li mdgo­ma­re­o­bis ga­mok­vle­vi­
sas, Tum­ca Zne­lia bo­lom­de en­do ne­bis­mi­er cno­bas. ada­mi­a­nebs
xom sCve­vi­aT, Se­mow­me­bis ga­re­Se ir­wmu­non uf­ro­si Ta­o­bis­gan
mos­me­ni­li am­be­bi war­sul­ze, Tun­dac es maT sam­Sob­los exe­bo­
des. eli­nebs xSi­rad aras­wo­ri war­mod­ge­na aqvT ise­T wes­-Cve­
u­le­be­bzec ki, rom­le­bmac dros gauZlo da dRem­de Se­mor­Ca.
ada­mi­an­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba Tavs ar iwu­xebs WeS­ma­ri­te­bis Zi­eb
­ iT
da Ta­nax­maa mza az­re­bi mi­iR
­ os.
ra­o­den rTu­lic ar un­da iyos is­to­ri­u­li kvle­va, di­dad
ar Sec­de­ba is, vinc CaT­vlis, rom mov­le­ne­bi Zve­lad da­ax­lo­
e­biT ise vi­Tar­de­bo­da, ro­gorc me aR­vwe­re. vinc ar da­u­je­
rebs po­e­tebs, rom­le­bic ala­ma­ze­ben, az­vi­a­de­ben da umRerian
mov­le­nebs, vinc ar daujerebs arc lo­gog­ra­fo­se­bis uf­ro
la­maz, vid­re mar­Tal is­to­ri­ebs. ze­moT mo­yva­ni­li aS­ka­ra
mtki­ce­bu­le­be­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze, is Se­iZ­le­ba dar­wmun­des, rom
eso­den Zve­li am­be­bis kvle­vis Se­de­gi sak­ma­od san­do­a. mar­Ta­
li­a, adamianebi, Cve­u­leb­riv, mim­di­na­re oms aRiq­va­men um­niS­
vne­lo­va­ne­sad, mag­ram mi­si dam­Tav­re­bis Sem­deg maT uf­ro Zve­li
ome­bi ao­cebT. ax­lan­de­li omi ki da­um­tki­cebs xalxs, rom is
uf­ro mniS­vne­lo­va­ni iyo, vid­re ad­re­u­li ome­bi.
rac Se­ex­ e­ba ro­gorc omam­de, ise mi­si msvle­lo­bisas war­moT­
qmul sity­vebs, ma­Ti zus­tad da­max­sov­re­ba da gad­mo­ce­ma Se­uZ­
le­be­lia – Cem mi­er mos­me­ni­li­sac da sxvi­si mo­na­yo­lisac. Cems
is­to­ri­a­Si ora­to­rebs is vaT­qme­vi­ne, rac, Ce­mi az­riT, Se­e­fe­re­
bo­da situacias. amas­Tan, me SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad miv­dev ga­mos­
vlis nam­dvil de­da­azrs. omis msvle­lo­bis gad­mo­ce­mi­sas me ar
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mo­maqvs pir­ve­li Sem­xved­ris mo­na­yo­li an pi­ra­di mo­saz­re­be­bi,
ara­med vcdi­lob aR­vwe­ro, er­Ti mxriv, mxo­lod is mov­le­ne­bi,
ro­mel­Ta TviT­mxil­ve­lic vi­ya­vi da, me­or
­ e mxriv, de­ta­lu­rad
ga­var­Cio sxva­Ta cno­be­bi. ma­Ti sa­fuZ­vli­a­ni Se­mow­me­ba ar iyo
io­li saq­me, rad­ga­nac mow­meebis Se­fa­se­be­bi da­mo­ki­de­bu­li iyo
maT po­li­ti­kur sim­pa­Tieb­sa da max­sov­ro­ba­ze. zRap­rul am­bebs
mok­le­bu­li Ce­mi Txro­ba Se­iZ­le­ba ar mo­geC­ve­noT mim­zid­ve­
lad, mag­ram Tu vin­me mo­in­do­mebs Se­is­wav­los Zvel mov­le­na­Ta
san­do­o­ba da mo­ma­val­Si mox­de­nis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba – ada­mi­a­nis
bu­ne­bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­re, mov­le­ne­bi Se­iZ­le­ba ga­me­or­des ama
Tu im sa­xiT – me kma­yo­fi­li viq­ne­bi, Tu is Cems Sro­mas sa­sar­
geb­lod CaT­vlis. Ce­mi naS­ro­mi Seq­mni­lia sa­ma­rad­Ja­mod da ara
msme­nel­Ta wu­Ti­e­ri tkbo­bi­saT­vis.
Zve­li mov­le­ne­bi­dan pe­lo­po­ne­sis omam­de yve­la­ze mniS­vne­
lo­va­ni iyo mi­di­u­ri omi, mag­ram mi­si be­di swra­fad ga­dawy­da
ori sazR­vao da ori sax­me­le­To brZo­lis Se­de­gad. ax­lan­de­li
omi ki did­xans gag­rZel­da da mi­si msvle­lo­bi­sas ela­das ar­na­
xu­li ube­du­re­ba ga­dax­da. ara­so­des da­upy­ri­aT da da­un­gre­vi­aT
am­de­ni qa­la­qi, ara­so­des yo­fi­la am­de­ni ltol­vi­li da mok­lu­li
(ro­gorc sab­rZo­lo moq­me­de­be­bis, ase­ve Si­na­aS­li­lo­bis Se­de­
gad). rac ad­re mxo­lod gad­mo­ce­miT iyo cno­bi­li, si­nam­dvi­le­Si
ki ar das­tur­de­bo­da, ax­la Cve­u­leb­riv am­bad iq­ca: sa­Si­nel­ma
mi­wis­Zvreb­ma ga­da­u­a­ra ela­das, gaxSi­rda mzis dab­ne­le­be­bi,
da­iwyo gval­va da Sim­Si­li. aTe­nis mo­sax­le­ob
­ is mniS­vne­lo­va­ni
na­wi­li Wir­ma im­sxver­pla. yve­la es ube­du­re­ba am om­Tan er­Tad
da­aty­da Tavs ela­das. aTe­ne­le­bi­sa da pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bis omi
ev­be­is dapy­ro­bis Sem­deg da­de­bu­li oc­da­aT­wli­a­ni za­vis dar­Rve­
viT da­iwyo. pir­vel rig­Si gan­vi­xi­lav za­vis dar­Rve­vis mi­ze­zeb­sa
da mxa­re­Ta ur­Ti­er­Tbral­de­bebs. Zi­ri­Ta­di, Tum­ca fa­ru­li
mi­ze­zi, Ce­mi Rrma rwme­niT, iyo lake­de­mo­nel­Ta Si­Si aTe­nis
mzar­di Zli­e­re­bis gamo. Ri­ad ki ori­ve mxa­re asa­xe­leb­da za­vis
dar­Rve­visa da sa­o­mar moq­mede­ba­Ta dawy­eb
­ is Sem­deg mi­ze­zebs:
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io­ni­is yu­ris Se­sas­vlel­Tan mde­ba­re­obs qa­la­qi epi­damno­­si.
is ker­ki­re­leb­ma da­a­ar­ses, xo­lo dam­fuZ­ne­beli, we­­si­sa­mebr,
met­ro­po­li­i­dan, ko­rin­Tosi­dan mi­iw­vi­es. ko­­­­­lo­ni­is da­sax­le­
ba­Si ko­rin­Te­leb­Tan er­Tad sxva dori­el
­ e­bic mo­na­wi­le­ob­dnen.
dro­Ta gan­mav­lo­ba­Si epi­dam­no­sis mo­sax­le­o­ba gam­rav­lda, qve­
ya­na gaZ­li­er­da, Tumca mogvianebiT, Si­na­o­me­bi­sa da bar­ba­ros
me­zob­leb­Tan gan­cdi­li mar­cxis gamo na­wi­lob­riv Sesustda.
am omam­de co­ta xniT ad­re xal­xma gan­dev­na war­Ci­ne­bul gvar­
Ta war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi. isi­ni ki bar­ba­ro­sebs da­u­kav­Sir­dnen da
zRva­sa Tu xme­leT­ze mo­qa­la­qe­Ta Zar­cva daiwyes. mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma
saS­ve­lad ker­ki­ras mi­mar­Tes, mag­ram ua­ri mi­iR
­ es.
imed­gac­ru­e­bu­lm
­ a moqalaqeebma del­fo­Si gag­zav­nes el­Ce­bi
da RmerTebs da­e­kiTx­nen, ko­rin­Tosis, me­o­re metro­po­li­is mfar­
ve­lo­ba xom ar eTx­o­vaT, ra­zec Tan­xmo­ba mi­i­Res. asec mo­iq­cnen.
ko­rin­Te­le­bi da­ex­mar­nen epi­dam­noss, rad­ga­nac is maT ko­lo­ni­
a­dac Se­iZ­le­bo­da CaT­vli­li­yo. amas­Tan, korinTelebs ker­ki­re­
le­bis mtro­bac amoZ­ra­veb­daT. es uka­nas­kne­li xom met­ro­po­li­is
mi­marT je­ro­van mo­wi­we­bas ar iCen­da. ko­rin­Te­lebs ker­ki­rel­Ta
sa­xal­xo dRe­sas­wa­u­leb­sa da ri­tu­al
­ eb­Si ar uT­mob­dnen sa­pa­tio
ad­gils, ro­gorc es sxva ko­lo­ni­ebs hqon­daT we­sad, da, sa­er­
Tod, maT ze­mo­dan uyu­reb­dnen, rad­ga­nac im dro­i­saT­vis ker­ki­ra
um­did­res eli­nur qve­ya­na­Ta ricx­vSi Se­di­o­da da omis­Tvi­sac
sxveb­ze me­tad iyo mzad. ker­ki­re­le­bi ama­yob­dnen sa­ku­Ta­ri
Zli­e­ri flo­tiT, ro­ml­is Seqmnasac isini maT kun­Zul­ze odes­
Rac mcxov­reb sa­xe­lo­van zRva­os­nebs, fe­a­kebs ukav­Si­reb­dnen da
ro­me­lic omis da­sawy­is­Si as oc tri­ers Seadgenda.
ker­ki­re­leb­ze nawy­en­ma ko­rin­Te­leb­ma si­a­mov­ne­biT ga­u­
wo­des dax­ma­re­bis xe­li epi­dam­noss. maT iq ga­da­sax­le­bis ne­ba
dar­Tes ne­bis­mi­er msur­vels da ga­ag­zav­nes gar­ni­zo­ni. zRva­ze
ker­ki­rel­Ta Tav­das­xmis Si­SiT isi­ni xme­le­TiT ga­e­mar­Tnen. epi­
dam­nos­Si ko­lo­nis­te­bi­sa da gar­ni­zo­nis Cas­vla­sa da ko­lo­ni­is
ko­rin­Tosis mfar­ve­lo­bis qveS ga­das­vlas ker­ki­ra­ze mtru­
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lad Sex­vdnen. maT ma­Sin­ve gag­zav­nes epi­dam­nos­Si oc­da­xu­Ti
xo­mal­di da Sem­deg ki­dev me­o­re es­kad­ra da mo­iTx­o­ves ro­gorc
dev­nil­Ta dab­ru­ne­ba (am dro­i­saT­vis ker­ki­ra­ze epi­dam­no­si­
dan dev­nil­ma aris­tok­ra­teb­ma mo­i­ya­res Ta­vi, isi­ni iTx­ov­
dnen wi­na­par­Ta saf­la­veb­Tan da na­Te­sa­veb­Tan dab­ru­ne­bas),
ase­ve ko­lo­nis­te­bi­sa da gar­ni­zo­nis gaw­ve­va. epi­dam­no­si ar
da­e­mor­Ci­la da ker­ki­re­leb­ma ili­ri­e­leb­Tan er­Tad or­mo­ci
xo­mal­diT ga­i­laS­qres mas­ze. Tan dev­ni­le­bi mih­yav­daT, ra­Ta
Za­liT da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT isi­ni sam­Sob­lo­Si. ker­ki­re­le­bi qa­la­qis
mi­sad­go­meb­Tan da­ba­nak­dnen da mac­nes meS­ve­o­biT ga­nacx­a­des:
`ne­bis­mi­er mo­qa­la­qe­sa Tu ucx­o­els da­ub­rko­leb­lad Se­uZ­
lia qa­la­qis da­to­ve­ba, wi­na­aR­mdeg Sem­Txve­va­Si, maT ro­gorc
mtrebs, ise mo­eq­ce­vi­an.~ epi­dam­no­si kvlav ar da­e­mor­Ci­la maT
da da­iwyo qa­la­qis al­yaSi moqceva.
Sik­rik­ma es am­ba­vi ko­rin­Te­lebs mi­u­ta­na da maTac maSinve
sa­laS­qrod da­iwy­es mza­de­ba, Ta­nac yve­la msur­vels epa­ti­Je­
bod­nen epi­dam­nos­Si, ra­Ta axa­li ko­lo­ni­is Ta­nas­wo­ruf­le­
bi­a­ni Ta­na­da­ma­ar­seb­le­bi gam­xda­riy­vnen. Tu msur­ve­li ar iyo
sa­laS­qrod mzad, Se­eZ­lo or­moc­da­a­Ti ko­rin­Tu­li draq­ma
Se­e­ta­na xa­zi­na­Si. wam­svle­lic bev­ri aR­moC­nda da fu­lis Sem­
ta­nic. ko­rin­Te­leb­ma dax­ma­re­bis­Tvis mo­kav­Si­re­ebs mi­mar­Tes,
zog­ma xo­mal­de­bi ga­mog­zav­na, zog­mac fu­li. TviT ko­rin­Tosma
oc­da­aT
­ i xo­mal­di da sa­mi aTa­si hop­li­ti aR­Wur­va.
ro­de­sac ker­ki­re­leb­ma am sam­za­di­sis Se­sa­xeb Se­ity­ves,
Ca­mo­vid­nen ko­rin­TosSi la­ke­de­mo­nel da si­ki­o­nel el­Ceb­Tan
er­Tad da kidev erTxel mo­iTx­o­ves gar­ni­zo­ni­sa da ko­lo­nis­
te­bis epi­dam­no­si­dan gaw­ve­va. pasuxad ki miiRes: Tu ko­rinToss
ra­me pre­ten­zia aqvs am qa­laq­ze, ma­Sin ker­ki­re­le­bi saq­mis
gan­xil­vas sa­sa­mar­Tlo­Si sTa­va­zo­ben. Se­ar­Ci­on pe­lo­po­nes­Si
qvey­ne­bi, rom­le­bic ori­ve mxa­ri­saT­vis mi­sa­Re­bi iq­ne­ba da maT
ga­dawy­viton, vin flob­des epi­dam­noss. ker­ki­re­le­bi, ase­ve,
Ta­nax­ma iy­vnen del­fos sa­mis­no­saT­vis eTx­o­vaT ma­Ti gan­sja.
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omis dawy­e­ba maT ar surT, mag­ram Tu ko­rinTosi Za­las ga­mo­
i­ye­nebs, isi­nic iZu­le­bu­li iq­ne­bi­an, sxva me­gob­re­bi eZe­bon.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma upa­su­xes: Tu ker­ki­re­le­bi Ta­vi­anT xo­mal­deb­sa
da bar­ba­ro­sebs mo­a­ci­le­ben epi­dam­no­si­dan, isi­ni mzad ari­an
ga­ni­xi­lon es da­va, mag­ram sa­nam epi­dam­no­si al­ya­Si­a, maT ker­
ki­re­leb­Tan sa­la­pa­ra­ko ara­fe­ri aqvT. ker­ki­re­leb­ma mi­u­ges:
isi­ni ga­iy­va­nen jars, Tu ko­rin­Te­le­bic imas­ve iza­men. isi­ni
ase­ve Ta­nax­mani iy­vnen dro­e­biT da­za­ve­ba­ze, sa­nam mom­ri­ge­be­
li sa­sa­mar­Tlo saq­mes ga­dawy­vet­da.
mag­ram ko­rin­Te­lebs araf­ris ga­go­ne­ba ar sur­daT. maT omi
ga­mo­ucx­a­des ker­ki­re­lebs da epi­dam­nos­Si gag­zav­nes sa­moc­
daTx­uT­me­ti xo­mal­di ori aTa­si hop­li­tiT. aq­ti­os­Tan, am­pra­
ki­is yu­ris Se­sas­vle­lTan, sa­dac apo­lo­nis cno­bi­li sam­loc­ve­
lo­a, ker­ki­re­leb­ma maT mac­ne mi­ug­zav­nes da Se­Ce­re­ba ub­rZa­nes,
xo­lo sa­ku­Ta­ri xo­mal­de­bi sab­rZo­lvelad mo­am­za­des. mac­ne
ua­riT dab­run­da, ker­ki­re­le­bi ki das­xdnen ge­meb­ze (sul oTx­
mo­ci gemi iyo, rad­gan or­mo­ci epi­dam­no­sis al­yiT iyo da­ka­ve­
bu­li) da mters Se­eb­nen. maT ko­rin­Tel­Ta TxuT­me­ti xo­mal­di
ga­a­nad­gu­res da ga­dam­wyvet ga­mar­jve­bas mi­aR­wi­es. ise mox­da,
rom ima­ve dRes epi­dam­no­sic da­neb­da mo­al­ye­ebs im pi­ro­biT,
rom ucx­o­e­lebs mo­ne­bad gah­yidd­nen, xo­lo daty­ve­ve­bu­li
ko­rin­Te­le­bi ma­Ti be­dis sa­bo­loo ga­dawy­ve­tas da­e­lo­de­
bod­nen.
sazR­vao brZo­lis mogebis Sem­deg ker­ki­re­leb­ma lev­ki­
mes kon­cxze ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes, tyveebi da­xo­ces,
ko­rin­Te­le­b­s ki bor­ki­le­bi da­a­des. mas me­re, rac ko­rin­Te­le­bi
da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi Sin dab­run­dnen, ker­ki­re­le­bi da­e­pat­
ro­nen zRvas. isi­ni Tavs es­xmod­nen da did zi­ans aye­neb­dnen
ko­rin­Tel­Ta ko­lo­ni­eb­sa da mo­kav­Si­re­ebs. Sem­deg zaf­xuls
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma es­kad­ra da laS­qa­ri gag­zav­nes lev­ka­di­sa da
sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis da­sa­ca­vad. isini aq­ti­os­Tan, qi­me­ri­a­sa da
Tes­pro­ti­as­Tan ga­mag­rdnen. ker­ki­re­le­bic da­ba­nak­dnen lev­ki­
21
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mes pir­da­pir, mag­ram Tav­­das­xma verc er­Tma mxa­rem ver ga­be­da.
ori­ve es­kad­ra mTe­li zaf­xu­li id­ga er­Tma­ne­Tis pi­ris­pir da
zam­Tris dasawyisSi ukan gab­run­da.
sazR­vao brZo­lis Sem­deg ko­rin­Te­le­bi or we­ls em­za­de­bod­
nen ker­ki­re­leb­Tan omi­saT­vis. isi­ni ageb­dnen xo­mal­debs da
qi­ra­ob­dnen mezR­va­u­rebs pe­lo­po­nes­sa da da­nar­Cen ela­da­Si.
ker­ki­re­le­bi Se­aS­fo­Ta maT­ma sam­za­dis­ma. isi­ni ami­tom ar iy­vnen
arc er­Ti kav­Si­ris wev­ri da maT ga­dawy­vi­tes, dax­ma­re­bis­Tvis
aTe­ne­le­bi­saT­vis mi­e­mar­TaT. es rom ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ga­i­ges,
ma­Tac gag­zav­nes el­Ce­bi aTen­Si, rad­ga­nac aTe­ni­sa da ker­ki­ris
ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­l sazR­vao Za­le­bTan g
­ a­mar­jve­bis ime­di maT ver
eq­ne­bo­daT. am mi­ze­ziT aTen­Si mow­ve­ul sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze ori­ve
mxa­re ga­mo­vi­da sity­viT. ker­ki­re­leb­ma Tqves:
`a­Te­ne­le­bo, sa­mar­Tli­a­ni iq­ne­ba, vinc sxvas dax­ma­re­bas
sTxovs (Tu mas Zve­li dam­sa­xu­re­be­bis ga­mo, ara­fe­ri ekuT­vnis),
da­am­tki­cos, rom mi­si Txov­nis Ses­ru­le­ba sa­si­ke­To iq­ne­ba imis­
Tvi­sac, vi­sac mi­mar­Ta­ven, an ara­fers av­nebs ma­inc mas da dax­ma­
re­bas mad­li­e­re­biT mi­i­Re­ben. wi­na­aR­mdeg Sem­Txve­va­Si mTxov­nels
ar un­da ewy­i­nos, Tu ua­riT ga­is­tum­re­ben. am­Ja­mad ker­ki­re­leb­ma
ga­mog­vgzav­nes kav­Si­ris Txov­ni­Ta da mtki­ce ga­ran­ti­iT, rom
Cvenc val­Si ar dav­rCe­biT. sam­wu­xa­rod, Tqvens mi­marT Cve­ni
Zve­li ne­it­ra­li­te­tis po­li­ti­ka gab­rko­lebT, rom dag­vex­ma­
roT, Cven­Tvis ki sa­xi­fa­To gax­da. ad­re Cven arc erT kav­Sir­Si ar
Sev­sul­varT, ax­la ki Tvi­Ton mo­ve­diT amis saTx­ov­ne­lad, rad­
gan ar gvyavs mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ko­rin­Te­leb­Tan mo­sa­lod­nel om­Si.
rac ad­re go­niv­rul sif­rTxi­led mig­vaC­nda – ar gve­o­ma sxvi­si
ne­biT ucxo qve­ya­nas­Tan kav­Si­riT Sek­ru­lebs – ugu­nu­re­ba da
Cve­ni si­sus­tis wya­ro aR­moC­nda. mar­Ta­li­a, uka­nas­knel sazR­vao
brZo­la­Si Cven sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­biT da­va­mar­cxeT ko­rin­Te­le­bi,
mag­ram ax­la, ro­de­sac isi­ni mTels ela­da­Si ag­ro­ve­ben mo­kav­Si­
re­ebs, Cven ve­Rar ga­vum­klav­de­biT maT, da­mar­cxe­bis Sem­Txve­
va­Si ki ma­Ti qve­Sev­rdo­mo­ba gve­lis. ami­tom Cven un­da gTxo­voT
22
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dax­ma­re­ba Tqven an sxva ro­me­li­me qve­ya­nas. Cven vim­sa­xu­rebT
gu­lis­xmi­e­re­bas, rad­ga­nac Cve­ni ad­rin­de­li ne­it­ra­li­te­ti
ara bo­rot gan­zrax­vas, ara­med aras­wor gaT­vlas em­ya­re­bo­da,
ax­la ki mzad varT ua­ri vTqvaT umoq­me­do­ba­ze.
Tu Cvens Txov­nas Se­is­menT, pir­vel yov­li­sa, da­ex­ma­re­biT
usa­mar­Tlod da­Cag­ruls; Tu mZi­me gan­sac­del­Si xels ga­mog­viw­
vdiT, mu­dam Tqve­ni mad­lo­be­le­bi viq­ne­biT. da bo­los, Tqvens
Sem­deg uZ­li­e­re­si flo­ti Cven gvyavs. da­fiq­rdiT, ra kar­gi
Se­saZ­leb­lo­baa Tqven­Tvis da ra dar­tymaa Tqve­ni mtre­bi­saT­vis,
rom qve­ya­na, ro­mel­sac isi­ni si­a­mov­ne­biT mi­im­xrob­dnen ne­bis­
mi­er fa­sad, Ta­vi­si ne­biT mo­dis Tqven­Tan. amas­Tan, is gad­mo­dis
Tqvens gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si ise, rom ar gag­debT xi­faT­sa Tu xar­
jSi, Tqven iZenT did­su­lova­nis sa­xels da am­rav­lebT Tqvens
sam­xed­ro Za­las. iS­vi­a­Ti­a, ase ga­u­mar­Tlos vin­mes, ro­gorc
Tqven, da iS­vi­a­Ti­a, mTxov­nels Se­eZ­los si­ke­Tis ise ga­dax­da,
ro­gorc Cven. rac Se­e­xe­ba oms, cde­ba is, vinc fiq­robs, rom mi­si
Ta­vi­dan aci­le­ba mo­xer­xde­ba. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Tqve­ni Si­SiT
apireben oms, ko­rin­Te­le­bi ki oc­ne­bo­ben, Cven dagvamarcxon,
raTa Sem­deg Tqven da­ges­xan Tavs. ko­rin­Telebs eSi­ni­aT, rom
Cven ar ga­ver­Ti­an­deT. Cve­ni amo­ca­na­a, da­vas­wroT maT. Cven
kav­Sirs gTa­va­zobT – jobs, Ca­vu­Sa­loT zrax­ve­bi, vid­re Sem­deg
ve­Ze­boT ga­mo­sa­va­li.
Tu ko­rin­Te­le­bi ity­vi­an, rom Cven ma­Ti ko­lo­nis­te­bi varT
da Tqven ar gaqvT Cve­ni mi­Re­bis uf­le­ba, dae icod­nen, rom
ko­lo­nia ma­nam aRi­a­rebs met­ro­po­li­as, sa­nam es uka­nas­kne­li
mas ke­Ti­lad epy­ro­ba. ko­lo­nis­te­bi ucxo mi­wa­ze sam­Sob­lo­Si
dar­Ce­nil­Ta mo­no­bas ki ar eZe­ben, ara­med maT­Tan Ta­nas­wo­
ro­bas. ko­rin­Tel­Ta usa­mar­Tlo­ba aS­ka­ra­a: Cven Sev­Ta­va­zeT
epi­dam­no­sis sa­kiTx­is sa­me­di­a­to­ro sa­sa­mar­Tlo­ze gan­xil­va,
maT ki Za­la am­jo­bi­nes.
Tqven arc ki da­ar­RvevT la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan Se­Tan­xme­bas,
Tu mfar­ve­lo­bas gag­vi­wevT, rad­ga­nac Cven arc er­Ti kav­Si­ris
23
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wev­re­bi ar varT. xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Ta­nax­mad ne­it­ra­lur eli­nur
qve­ya­nas xom Se­uZ­lia Se­u­er­Tdes romelime kav­Sirs. da­uS­ve­be­
li­a, ko­rin­Te­leb­ma mezR­va­u­re­bi ga­mo­iy­va­non ara mar­to ma­Ti
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis ri­ge­bi­dan, ara­med mTe­li ela­di­dan, maT So­ris
Tqve­ni sam­flo­be­lo­e­bi­da­nac, Cven ag­vik­rZa­lon mokavSiris
Zeb­na, Tqven ki – Cve­ni Ta­nad­go­ma. cu­di iq­ne­ba, Tu ver da­gar­wmu­
nebT, xels gvkravT da Tqvens me­to­qe ko­rin­Te­lebs sa­Su­a­le­bas
mis­cemT, Cvens xar­jze gaZ­li­er­dnen. es usa­mar­Tlo­ba iq­ne­ba.
Tqven an un­da auk­rZa­loT maT Tqvens mi­web­ze mo­qi­rav­ne­Ta
Sek­re­ba, an Cvenc dag­vex­ma­roT. yve­la­fers ajo­bebs, kav­Sir­Si
mig­vi­RoT da flo­ti mog­vaS­ve­loT. Cve­ni kav­Si­ri Tqven­Tvi­sac
sa­sar­geb­lo­a: sa­er­To mtre­bi gvyavs, rac kavSiris sim­tki­cis
sa­win­da­ri­a. sazR­vao kav­Sirs vkravT, rac Tqven­Tvis sa­gan­ge­
bod mniS­vne­lo­va­ni­a. Tqven ar un­da da­uS­vaT, rom sxva­sac hyav­
des Zli­e­ri flo­ti, da Tu ase­Ti ma­inc ar­se­bobs, jo­bia Tqve­ni
mo­kav­Si­re iyos.
zo­gi Tqven­ga­ni am wi­na­da­de­bas sar­fi­a­nad CaT­vlis, mag­ram
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dar­Rve­vas ma­inc mo­e­ri­de­ba. Tumca es dar­Rve­
va, Cve­ni Za­liT Se­mag­re­bu­li, mxo­lod Se­a­Si­nebs mters, xo­lo
pi­ro­bis er­Tgu­le­ba Tqve­ni si­sus­tis niS­nad aRiq­me­ba. saq­me
ker­ki­ras aRar exe­ba, ara­med aTens. cud sam­sa­xurs ga­uw
­ evs mas
is, vinc gar­da­u­va­li omis win uars ity­vis Cven­Tan kav­Sir­ze.
ker­ki­ras kar­gi mde­ba­re­o­ba aqvs ita­li­i­sa da si­ci­li­is na­pi­
re­bis gas­wvriv zRva­os­no­bis­Tvis: mas Se­uZ­lia ar ga­mo­a­ta­ros
iqi­dan pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta da­sax­ma­reb­lad wa­mo­su­li xo­mal­de­bi,
Cven Za­lebs ki iqiT gza ga­ux­snas. mok­led, be­dis ana­ba­ra ar
un­da dag­vto­voT. dRes ela­da­Si sa­mi Zli­e­ri flo­ti­a: Tqve­
ni, Cve­ni da ko­rin­Te­le­bis. Tu ko­rin­Te­le­bi dag­va­mar­cxe­ben,
Tqven pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta da ker­ki­rel­Ta xo­mal­deb­Tan mo­gi­wevT
brZo­la, xo­lo Tu kav­Sir­Si mig­vi­RebT, zRva­ze Tqve­ni mZle­
ve­li aRa­ra­vin iq­ne­ba.~
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ki ase u­pa­su­xes:
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`ker­ki­re­leb­ma ara mar­to kav­Si­ri Se­mog­vTa­va­zes, ara­med
Cvenc dag­va­da­na­Sa­u­les omis usa­mar­Tlod da uka­no­nod war­
mar­Tva­Si. ami­tom, sa­nam saq­me­ze ga­da­vi­do­deT, amas un­da vu­pa­
su­xoT. ma­Sin Tqven ukeT ga­ig
­ ebT, Cven ra gvin­da, da rom maT
ua­ri un­da uTx­raT. isi­ni ar krav­dnen kav­Sirs vin­mes­Tan ara
sif­rTxi­lis ga­mo, ara­med swo­red bo­ro­ti gan­zrax­viT. uke­
Tur saq­me­Si maT arc mo­kav­Si­re sWir­de­bo­daT da arc mow­me.
Tvi­Ton iS­vi­a­Tad stum­ro­ben ucxo nav­sad­gu­rebs, mag­ram bev­ri
xo­mal­di mi­ad­ge­ba maT kun­Zuls av­dris Si­SiT. ne­it­ra­li­te­ti
maT imis­Tvis ki ar un­daT, rom sxvis da­na­Sa­ul­Si ar ga­e­ri­on,
ara­med imis­Tvis, rom Ta­vi­suf­lad iya­Ca­Ron. Tu Sem­Txve­va
mi­e­caT, Za­la­sac iye­ne­ben da sxvis qo­ne­ba­sac iT­vi­se­ben.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cve­ni ko­lo­nis­te­bi ari­an, di­di xa­ni­a,
rac Ca­mog­vSor­dnen da ax­la gveb­rZvi­an ki­dec. Tavs imiT imar­
Tle­ben, rom Cven­gan usa­mar­Tlo­bis asa­ta­nad ar ga­da­sax­le­bu­
lan. Cven ki vam­bobT: imis­Tvis ki ar dag­vi­ar­se­bia axal­Se­ni, rom
ma­Ti el­Ce­bis­gan Se­u­racx­yo­fa vis­mi­noT, ara­med imis­Tvis, rom
maT sa­Ta­ve­Si vid­geT da isi­ni je­ro­van pa­tivs mog­va­geb­dnen.
sxva ko­lo­ni­e­bi­saT­vis Tu kar­ge­bi varT, arc ker­ki­re­lebs un­da
hqon­deT uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bis sa­fuZ­ve­li. ma­Ti ga­mom­wve­vi upa­tiv­
ce­mu­lo­ba rom ara, Cven sa­ku­Tar ko­lo­ni­as­Tan ar vi­o­meb­diT.
dam­na­Sa­vec rom vi­yoT, maT ma­inc mar­Teb­daT Cven­Tvis an­ga­ri­Sis
ga­we­va da Cvenc mog­ve­ri­de­bo­da Za­lis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba ma­Ti Tav­mdab­
lo­bis Sem­xed­va­res. ax­la ki ise ga­Tav­xed­dnen, rom da­ipy­res
Cve­ni epi­dam­no­si, ro­me­lic ga­sa­Wi­ris Jams arc ki ax­sov­daT.
isi­ni am­bo­ben, rom saq­mis sa­sa­mar­Tlo­Si gan­xil­va un­do­daT,
mag­ram aseT wi­na­da­de­bas me­ti fa­si eq­ne­bo­da, Tu Ta­nas­wor
mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si Cav­dge­bo­diT. ker­ki­re­lebs ki sa­sa­mar­Tlo
ma­Sin ga­ax­sen­daT, ro­ca dar­wmun­dnen, rom Cven epi­dam­no­sis
al­yas gul­gri­lad ar Sev­xe­dav­diT. ax­la ki aq mo­vid­nen da
cdi­lo­ben, ma­Ti da­na­Sa­u­lis Ta­na­mo­na­wi­led gaq­ci­on. kav­Si­ri
ma­Sin eTx­o­vaT, sa­nam ara­fe­ri emuq­re­bo­daT. ma­Sin Tqven maT­
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gan ara­fe­ri mi­gi­Ri­aT, gan­sac­del­Si ki dax­ma­re­bas gTxo­ven.
mar­Ta­li­a, uda­na­Sa­u­lo xarT, mag­ram xels Tu ga­uw­vdiT, Cven
wi­na­Se mtyu­a­ni aR­moC­nde­biT.
cxa­di­a, Cven gvaqvs uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bis sru­li sa­fuZ­ve­li da rom
ker­ki­re­le­bi mo­Za­la­de da an­ga­re­bi­a­ni xal­xi­a. ax­la vec­de­biT
da­gim­tki­coT, ra­tom ar gaqvT ma­Ti wi­na­da­de­bis mi­Re­bis uf­le­
ba. xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Ta­nax­mad, ne­bis­mi­er qve­ya­nas, ro­me­lic ar
Se­dis mo­kav­Si­re­Ta si­a­Si, Se­uZ­lia Se­u­er­Tdes ne­bis­mi­er kav­
Sirs. mag­ram es gu­lis­xmobs ara maT, vinc kav­Sir­Si sxvis sa­zi­
a­nod Se­dis, ara­med mxo­lod maT, vinc mfar­ve­lo­bas eZebs. Tu
sa­xel­mwi­fo, vi­sac dax­ma­re­bas sTxo­ven, go­niv­ru­lad mo­iq­ce­va,
ar daarRvevs mSvi­do­bas da ar iq­ne­ba om­Si CaT­re­u­li. swo­red
es ge­liT, Tu ar dag­vi­je­rebT. ma­Sin Tqven iq­ce­viT ara mxo­lod
maT dam­cve­lad, ara­med xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dam­rRve­vad da Cvens
mtrad. Tu maT da­ex­ma­re­biT, Cven Tqven­Tan brZo­la mog­vi­wevs.
sa­mar­Tli­a­ni iq­ne­ba, ne­it­ra­li­te­ti da­ic­vaT an su­lac Cven
dag­vex­ma­roT. ko­rin­TosTan za­vi gaqvT da­de­bu­li, ker­ki­ras­
Tan ki aras­dros ara­vi­Ta­ri Se­Tan­xme­ba ar gqo­ni­aT. nu da­i­cavT
sxvis­gan gandgomil qvey­nebs. Cven xom ar ga­mov­sul­varT Tqven
wi­na­aR­mdeg, ro­de­sac sa­mo­si gan­gid­gaT da pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta
az­ri ga­i­yo, dav­xma­re­bo­diT Tu ara mas. pi­ri­qiT, Cven Ri­ad
da­vu­Wi­reT mxa­ri imas, rom yve­la qve­ya­nas hqon­des sa­ku­Tar
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta das­jis uf­le­ba. Tu Cvens mters da­i­cavT, sa­ku­Tar
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs dah­kar­gavT da es si­ax­le Tqven me­tad gav­nebT.
ai, Cve­ni sa­mar­Tli­a­ni moTx­ov­ne­bi, romelic elin­Ta we­se­
bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­reobs. Se­gax­se­nebT, rom Cve­ni mad­li­e­re­ba
gmar­TebT. mtre­bi ar varT, rom er­Tma­neTs vav­noT, mag­ram arc
ise­Ti ax­lob­le­bi varT, rom usas­yid­lod da­vex­ma­roT er­Tma­
neTs. mi­di­ur omam­de Tqven sam­xed­ro xo­mal­de­bi ar gyof­ni­
daT egi­nas­Tan sab­rZol­ve­lad da ko­rin­Te­le­bis­gan oci ge­mi
mi­i­ReT. aman da sa­mo­sel­Ta gan­dgo­mi­sas ga­we­ul­ma sam­sa­xur­ma
mog­caT sa­Su­al
­ e­ba, da­ge­mar­cxe­bi­naT egi­na da da­ge­sa­jaT sa­mo­
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si. es mox­da im pi­ro­beb­Si, ro­ca ada­mi­a­nebs mter­Tan brZo­la­Si
mxo­lod ga­mar­jve­ba adar­debT. ne­bis­mi­er dam­xma­res me­gob­rad
mi­iC­ne­ven, ad­re romc mte­ri yo­fi­li­yo, da ne­bis­mi­er xe­lis­Sem­
Slels, Tun­dac Zvel me­go­bars – mtrad. wu­Ti­e­ri in­te­re­siT
Sepy­ro­bi­li ax­lob­lo­bas aras da­gi­devs.
da­fiq­rdiT da si­ke­Te si­ke­TiT­ve ga­dag­vi­xa­deT. nu ifiq­rebT,
rom Cvens si­mar­Tles omis Sem­Txve­va­Si sxva xe­i­ri ga­das­wo­nis.
uz­neo gza yo­vel­Tvis mom­ge­bi­a­ni ro­di­a. ara­vin icis, da­iwy­e­
ba Tu ara ker­ki­rel­Ta da­na­pi­re­bi omi. mi­si Si­SiT dRes­ve nu
ga­im­rav­lebT mtrebs. jo­bia gav­fan­toT me­ga­ris ga­mo ga­Ce­ni­li
un­dob­lo­ba. mci­re­di sam­sa­xu­ri­Tac Se­iZ­le­ba Zve­li cod­vis
ga­mos­yid­va. nu mog­xib­lavT ker­ki­rel­Ta Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li flo­
ti, ke­Til­me­zob­lo­ba Za­lis bev­rad uf­ro sa­i­me­do wya­ro­a, vid­
re am gziT miR­we­u­li xi­fa­TiT aR­sav­se dro­e­bi­Ti mo­na­po­va­ri.
yo­vel qve­ya­nas uf­le­ba aqvs, moh­kiTx­os Ta­vis mo­kav­Si­re­
ebs. Cven ad­rec am az­ri­sa vi­ya­viT da Tqven­ga­nac ve­liT, rom
xels ar Seg­viS­liT. aseTi sam­sa­xu­ri un­da gag­vi­wi­oT. axla vinc
Cvens mxa­re­ze­a, sa­u­ke­Te­so me­go­ba­ri­a, vinc Cvens wi­na­aR­mdeg
ga­mo­dis – da­u­Zi­ne­be­li mte­ri. nu Sek­ravT ker­ki­re­leb­Tan kav­
Sirs Cven wi­na­aR­mdeg, es sa­mar­Tli­a­nic iq­ne­ba da Tqven­Tvis­ve
sa­sar­geb­loc.~
aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­us­mi­nes ori­ve mxa­res da sa­xal­xo kre­ba or­jer
mo­iw­vi­es. pir­vel Sek­re­ba­ze isi­ni uf­ro ko­rin­Tel­Ta mxa­res
ix­re­bod­nen, me­o­re dRes ki ga­da­i­fiq­res da ga­dawy­vi­tes ker­
ki­ras­Tan kav­Si­ri, mag­ram ara ise­Ti, rom sa­er­To me­gob­re­bi da
mtre­bi hyo­lo­daT. ker­ki­rel­Ta wi­na­da­de­ba, er­Tad das­xmod­nen
Tavs ko­rinToss, aTe­nis­Tvis pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan da­de­bu­li
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dar­Rve­vas niS­nav­da. ami­tom Se­Tan­xmdnen Tav­
das­xmis Sem­Txve­va­Si ur­Ti­er­Tdax­ma­re­ba­ze. aTe­ne­le­bi dar­wmu­
ne­bu­lebi iy­vnen, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan omi gar­da­u­va­li iyo
da ar sur­daT ker­ki­ra da mi­si Zli­e­ri flo­ti ko­rin­Te­lebs
eg­doT xelT. pir­vel rig­Si ki maT sur­daT isi­ni er­Tma­ne­Ti­
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saT­vis da­ep
­ i­ris­pi­re­bi­naT da mo­ma­val om­Si uk­ve da­sus­te­bul
me­to­qes­Tan hqo­no­daT saq­me. gar­da ami­sa, aS­ka­ra iyo ker­ki­ris
xel­say­re­li mde­ba­re­o­ba ita­li­i­sa da si­ci­li­is gza­ze.
ase afa­seb­dnen aTe­ne­le­bi mdgo­ma­re­o­bas, ro­de­sac ker­ki­
ras­Tan kav­Si­ri da­des. maT ker­ki­ra­ze gag­zav­nes aTi xo­mal­di,
rom­le­bic ar un­da Seb­rZo­le­bod­nen ko­rin­Te­lebs, sa­nam isi­ni
kun­Zuls Tavs ar da­es­xmod­nen.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ki da­as­ru­les sam­za­di­si da as or­moc­da­a­Ti
xo­mal­diT da­iZ­rnen ker­ki­ris wi­na­aR­mdeg. es­kad­ra mi­ad­ga xme­
leTs ker­ki­ris pir­da­pir qi­me­ri­as­Tan Tes­pro­te­bis mi­wa­ze. iq
Ca­uS­ves Ru­ze­bi da da­ba­nak­dnen.
ko­rin­Tel­Ta mo­ax­lo­e­ba rom ga­i­ges, ker­ki­re­leb­mac ga­mo­
iy­va­nes as aTi xo­mal­di da si­bo­te­bad wo­de­bu­li kun­Zu­le­bi­
dan er­T-er­Tze mo­awy­ves sad­go­mi. maT ax­ldaT aTe­nel­Ta aTi
xo­mal­dic. lev­ki­mes kon­cxze ker­ki­rel­Ta qve­i­Ti ja­ri gan­
lag­da Za­kin­To­si­dan da­sax­ma­reb­lad mo­sul aTas hop­lit­Tan
er­Tad. ko­rin­Te­lebs bar­ba­ros­Ta­gan Sem­dga­ri di­di dam­xma­re
laS­qa­ri hyav­daT, rad­ga­nac ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­sax­le­o­ba ma­Ti
Zve­li me­go­ba­ri iyo.
ko­rin­Te­le­bi sak­ve­bis sam­dRi­a­ni ma­ra­giT Ra­miT ga­vid­
nen Ria zRva­Si da ga­riJ­raJ­ze maT­ken mo­ma­va­li ker­ki­rel­Ta
xo­mal­de­bi da­i­na­xes. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge mxa­re­e­bi sab­rZo­lvelad
moemzadnen. ker­ki­rel­Ta mar­jve­na flan­gze ati­ku­ri xo­mal­de­
bi iyo, xo­lo da­nar­Ce­ni fron­tis xa­zi sam es­kad­rad da­yo­fil
xo­mal­debs eWi­ra. ko­rin­Te­leb­ma mar­jve­na flan­gze me­ga­ris da
am­pra­ki­is xo­mal­de­bi da­a­ye­nes, cen­trSi – da­nar­Ceni mo­kav­Si­re­
ebis, mar­cxniv ki (aTe­nel­Ta da ker­ki­rel­Ta mar­jve­na flan­gis
pi­ris­pir) – Ta­vi­si sa­uk
­ e­Te­so Za­le­bi.
bo­los ga­is­ma ni­Sa­ni. es­kad­re­bi er­Tma­neTs mi­u­ax­lov­dnen
da brZo­la da­iwy­o. xo­mal­de­bi Zve­le­bu­rad, aras­rul­yo­fi­lad
iyo aR­Wur­vi­li. gem­ban­ze ori­ve mxa­res bev­ri hop­li­ti, mo­i­sa­ri
da Su­bis mtyor­cne­li hyav­da. ficx­e­li brZo­la ga­CaR­da, mag­ram
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ara me­to­qe­Ta taq­ti­ku­ri os­ta­to­bis ga­mo – es uf­ro sax­me­le­
To brZo­la­s hgav­da. si­viw­ro­ve­sa da are­u­lo­ba­Si xo­mal­de­bi
er­Tma­neTs eja­xe­bod­a da Zlivs Sor­de­bod­a. me­to­qe­ebs xel­
Car­Tul brZo­la­Si hop­li­te­bis ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di hqon­daT,
xo­mal­de­bi ki erT ad­gi­las id­gnen. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis wyo­bis
gar­Rve­vas ara­vin cdi­lob­da. uxe­Si Za­la da brZo­lis Ji­ni
cvli­da sab­rZo­lo xe­lov­ne­bas. sa­Si­ne­li xma­u­ri da are­u­lo­ba
su­fev­da. aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi mxo­lod mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis Tav­
das­xmi­sas ga­moC­nde­bod­nen xol­me ker­ki­re­le­bis max­lob­lad,
ra­Ta mte­ri Se­e­Si­ne­bi­naT, mag­ram brZo­la­Si ar eb­me­bod­nen.
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT da­za­ral­da ko­rin­Tel­Ta mar­jve­na flan­gi.
iq ker­ki­re­leb­ma oci xo­mal­diT uku­aq­ci­es mte­ri da sdi­es
mas xme­le­Tam­de. Sem­deg me­to­qis ba­nak­sac mi­aR­wi­es, ga­Zar­cves
da ga­daw­ves igi. aq ko­rin­Te­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi da­mar­
cxdnen. mar­cxe­na flan­gze ki, sa­dac mxo­lod ko­rin­Te­le­bi
id­gnen, maT war­ma­te­bas mi­aR­wi­es, rad­gan ise­dac mci­re­ricx­o­van
ker­ki­re­lebs mters da­dev­ne­bu­li oci xo­mal­dic da­ak­ldaT.
ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­na­xes ker­ki­rel­Ta gan­sac­de­li, uk­ve
aS­ka­rad Ca­eb­nen brZo­la­Si.
ker­ki­re­le­bis gaq­ce­vis Sem­deg ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ar miiTvises
mtris da­zi­a­ne­bu­li xo­mal­de­bi. isi­ni da­cu­rav­dnen gar­Se­
mo da xalxs xo­cav­dnen. Ta­vi­si mo­kav­Si­rec bev­ri da­xo­ces,
rad­gan ar icod­nen mar­jve­na flan­gze da­mar­cxe­bis Se­sa­xeb.
zRva­ze im­de­ni xo­mal­di cu­rav­da, rom mxa­re­eb
­ i Zne­li ga­sar­
Ce­vi iyo. xo­mal­dTa raodenobiT es yve­la­ze di­di sazR­vao
brZo­la iyo, rac ki elin­Ta So­ris mom­xda­ra. ker­ki­re­le­bis
gan­dev­nis Semdeg ko­rin­Te­le­bi ukan gab­run­dnen, da­aT­va­li­
e­res sa­ku­Ta­ri xo­mal­de­bis naS­Te­bi, Se­ag­ro­ves da­Ru­pu­le­bi
da wa­as­ve­nes si­bo­teb­ze, sa­dac maT bar­ba­ros­Ta dam­xma­re ja­ri
elo­da. Sem­deg Sek­ri­bes xo­mal­de­bi da isev ker­ki­rel­Ta wi­na­
aR­mdeg ga­e­mar­Tnen. ker­ki­re­le­bic ga­dar­Ce­ni­li Za­le­biT maT
Se­sax­ved­rad ga­mo­e­mar­Tnen. uk­ve gvi­an iyo da ker­ki­re­leb­ma
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Tav­das­xmis niS­nad pe­a­nis sim­Re­ra wa­mo­iwy­es. am dros ko­rin­
Te­leb­ma aTe­nel­Ta oci xo­mal­di Se­niS­nes da ukan gab­run­dnen
(es xo­mal­de­bi aTe­ne­leb­ma da­ma­te­biT ga­mog­zav­nes, rad­ga­nac
ifiqres, rom mxo­lod aTi ge­miT ker­ki­ras ver da­i­cav­dnen).
ker­ki­re­le­bi ki ver xvde­bod­nen, ra xde­bo­da, sa­nam vi­Ra­cam
Sors af­re­bi ar da­i­na­xa. Ta­vi­dan mte­ri ego­naT da Se­e­Sin­
daT, mag­ram Sem­deg mix­vdnen Sec­do­mas. aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­deb­ma
ga­cu­res gva­meb­sa da ge­me­bis nam­tvre­vebs So­ris da lev­ki­mes
kon­cxTan Ca­uS­ves Ru­za.
me­o­re dRes oc­da­a­Ti ati­ku­ri xo­mal­di ker­ki­rel­Ta ga­dar­
Ce­nil ge­meb­Tan er­Tad ko­rin­Tel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg daiZra. ko­rin­
Te­le­bic mo­ewy­vnen sab­rZol­ve­lad, mag­ram Se­te­vas ar Cqa­rob­
dnen aTe­nel­Ta dam­xma­re Za­le­bi­sa da sa­ku­Ta­ri Se­Wir­ve­bu­li
mdgo­ma­re­o­bis ga­mo: maT un­da eda­ra­jaT tyve­e­bi­saT­vis xo­mal­
deb­ze, da­zi­a­ne­bu­li ge­me­bis Se­ke­Te­ba ucxo mxa­re­Si Se­uZ­le­be­li
iyo. maT un­do­daT Sin mSvi­do­biT dab­ru­ne­ba. Si­Sob­dnen, va­i­Tu
gu­Sin­de­li brZo­lis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma za­vi dar­Rve­u­lad
CaT­va­lon da uka­na gza mog­viW­ra­no.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma am­bis ga­sa­ge­bad aTe­ne­lebs ram­de­ni­me ka­ci
ga­ug­zav­nes mac­nis kver­Txis ga­re­Se. maT Tqves: `a­Te­ne­le­bo,
usa­mar­Tlod iq­ce­viT, ro­de­sac zavs ar­RvevT da Cven gve­o­
me­biT. Cven mtre­bis das­ja gvin­da, Tqven ki xels gviS­liT. Tu
nam­dvi­lad ga­dawy­ve­ti­li gaqvT za­vis dar­Rve­va da ker­ki­ra­ze an
sxva­gan Cve­ni ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis Se­fer­xe­ba, ax­la­ve gaakeTeT es da
ami­e­ri­dan mtre­bad Cag­vTva­leT~. ker­ki­re­leb­ma xma­u­ri ate­xes da
war­gzav­nil­Ta da­xoc­va iTx­o­ves, mag­ram aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­su­lebs
mi­ug
­ es: `pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bo, Cven su­lac ar va­pi­rebT oms da za­vis
dar­Rve­vas. Cven mxo­lod mo­kav­Si­re­ebs vi­cavT. sxva­gan was­vlas
ar giS­liT, mag­ram ker­ki­ra­ze Tav­das­xmas ar da­vuS­vebT~.
am pa­su­xis Sem­deg ko­rin­Te­le­bi Sin ga­sam­gzav­reb­lad ga­em­
zad­nen da xme­leT­ze si­bo­teb­Tan ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­
Tes. ker­ki­re­leb­ma ki Se­ag­ro­ves na­pir­ze ga­mo­ri­yu­li gva­me­bi,
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xo­mal­de­bis nam­tvre­ve­bi da ma­Tac aR­mar­Tes si­bo­teb­ze ga­mar­
jve­bis ni­Sa­ni. ori­ve mxa­re Tavs ga­mar­jve­bu­lad Tvli­da da
hqon­da ki­dec sa­fuZ­ve­li: ko­rin­Te­leb­ma sazR­vao brZo­la­Si
ga­i­mar­jves, da­Ru­pu­le­bi da sa­ku­Ta­ri da­zi­a­ne­bu­li ge­me­bi
ga­iy­va­nes, mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis aTas­ze me­ti ka­ci da­aty­ve­ves da
sa­moc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di ga­mo­iy­va­nes mwyob­ri­dan. ker­ki­re­leb­
mac mtris oc­da­a­Ti ge­mi mos­pes, aTe­nel­Ta ga­mo­Ce­nis Sem­deg
sa­ku­Tar da­Ru­pu­lebs upat­ro­nes da mter­ma brZo­lis ga­nax­
le­ba ve­Rar ga­be­da.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ker­ki­re­li tyve­e­bi­dan rva­a­si mo­na ga­yi­des,
xo­lo ora­s or­moc­da­a­Ti war­Ci­ne­bu­li da­i­to­ves da maT kar­gad
eq­ce­o­nen, ra­Ta ma­Ti gu­li mo­e­goT. ase bed­ni­e­rad ga­da­ur­Ca
ker­ki­ra ko­rin­TosTan oms da aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bic Sin mSvi­
do­biT dab­run­dnen. mag­ram es gax­da aTe­ne­leb­Tan ko­rin­Tel­Ta
omis pir­ve­li mi­ze­zi.
amis Sem­deg sxva mi­ze­zic ga­moC­nda aTe­ne­le­bis da pe­lo­po­
ne­se­le­bis omi­saT­vis. ko­rin­Te­le­bi eZeb­nen aTe­ne­le­bi­saT­vis
sa­ma­gi­e­ros ga­dax­dis sa­Su­a­le­bas da es arc iyo aTe­nel­TaT­
vis da­fa­ru­li. ami­tom aTe­ne­leb­ma poteidaias (ko­rin­Tel­Ta
ko­lo­ni­as pa­le­nis yel­ze da maT mo­kav­Si­re – mo­xar­kes) mos­
Txo­ves qa­la­qis ga­la­va­nis mor­Rve­va sam­xre­Tis mxri­dan, mZev­
le­bis mi­ce­ma da ko­rin­Tel epi­de­mi­ur­gTa ga­Ze­ve­ba. aTe­ne­le­bi
Si­Sob­dnen, rom ko­rin­Te­le­bi­sa da per­di­kas mi­er wa­qe­ze­bu­li
poteidaia ar gan­dgo­mo­da maT da ar ae­yo­li­e­bi­na da­nar­Ce­ni
Tra­ki­ul
­ i qa­la­qe­bi.
es zo­me­bi aTe­ne­leb­ma ker­ki­ras­Tan sazR­vao brZo­lis dam­
Tav­re­bis­Ta­na­ve mi­i­Res. ko­rin­Te­le­bi ma­Sin uk­ve aS­ka­rad
mtrob­dnen aTe­ne­lebs, xo­lo ma­Ti Zve­li me­go­ba­ri per­di­ka
aleq­san­dres Ze, ma­ke­do­ni­is me­fe, ga­nud­ga maT mis me­to­qe­eb­Tan
(mis Zmas­Tan, fi­li­pes­Tan da der­das­Tan) da­de­bu­li xel­Sek­
ru­le­bis ga­mo da aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg mo­kav­Si­re­Ta Zi­e­bas
Se­ud­ga. aTe­ne­leb­ma ma­ke­do­ni­a­Si oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di da aTa­si
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hop­li­ti gag­zav­nes da maT­ve da­a­va­les poteidaia­Si mZev­le­bi
aey­va­naT, ga­lav­nis dan­gre­va ei­Zu­le­bi­naT da sxva qa­la­qeb­Si
ajan­ye­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba ga­mo­e­ricx­aT.
po­tei­dai­e­leb­ma aTe­ne­lebs el­Ce­bi ga­ug­zav­nes da Se­e­cad­nen
gan­zrax­va­ze xe­li ae­Re­bi­ne­bi­naT. da­sax­ma­reb­lad ko­rin­Te­leb­sa
da la­ke­de­mon­sac mi­mar­Tes. aTen­Si el­Co­bas war­ma­te­ba ar moh­yo­
lia da ma­ke­do­ni­a­Si gag­zav­ni­li xo­mal­de­bis sa­miz­ned poteidaia
iq­ca, xo­lo la­ke­de­mon­Si maT Ta­nad­go­ma aRuT­qves aTe­nel­Ta
Tav­das­xmis Sem­Txve­va­Si. gam­xne­ve­bul­ma po­tei­dai­e­leb­ma ga­dawy­
vi­tes qal­ki­de­e­leb­Tan da bo­ti­e­eb­Tan er­Tad gan­dgo­mod­nen
aTens. per­di­kam da­ar­wmu­na qal­ki­de­e­le­bi, da­en­gri­aT sa­ku­Ta­ri
qa­la­qe­bi sa­na­pi­ro­ze da qvey­nis siR­rme­Si, olin­sSi ga­da­sax­le­
bu­liy­vnen, es mxa­re mi­ud­gom­lad eq­ci­aT. me­fem sa­ku­Ta­ri mi­wac
dauTmo maT, sa­nam aTe­ne­leb­Tan io­meb­dnen.
Tra­ki­is sa­na­pi­ro­ze mi­sul aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­debs po­te­idaia
da sxva qa­la­qe­bi uk­ve gan­mdga­ri dax­vdaT. sar­dleb­ma ver ga­be­
des maT xelT ar­se­bu­li Za­le­biT per­di­kas­Tan da am­bo­xe­bul
qa­la­qeb­Tan er­Tdro­ul
­ ad brZo­la da ma­ke­do­ni­a­ze ga­il
­ aS­qres
fi­li­pes­Tan da der­das Zmeb­Tan er­Tad.
poteidaias be­diT Se­wu­xe­bul­ma ko­rin­Te­leb­ma mas da­sax­
ma­reb­lad mo­xa­li­se­Ta da pe­lo­po­nes­Si Sek­re­bil mo­qi­rav­ne­Ta
raz­mi ga­ug­zav­nes, aTas eq­vsa­si hop­li­ti da oTx­a­si msu­bu­qad
Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li meb­rZo­li. maT aris­tev­si sar­dlob­da, po­ti­de­
el­Ta di­di me­go­ba­ri. swo­red mi­si xaT­riT Se­ik­rib­nen ko­rin­Te­
li mo­xa­li­se­e­bi. poteidaias gan­dgo­mi­dan or­moc dRe­Si isi­ni
Tra­ki­az
­ e gadavidnen.
ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­ma qa­la­qe­bis gan­dgo­mi­sa da aris­tev­sis
laS­qris am­ba­vi Se­ity­ves, am­bo­xe­bul­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg ori aTa­si
hop­li­ti gag­zav­nes aTe­nis mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ri­ge­bi­dan da or­mo­
ci xo­mal­di ka­li­a­si­sa da ki­dev oTxi sar­dlis me­Ta­u­ro­biT.
ma­ke­do­ni­a­Si Ca­su­li aTe­ne­le­bi Se­u­er­Tdnen pir­vel razms,
ro­mel­sac Ter­me uk­ve ae­Ro da pid­nas­Tvis Se­mo­er­tya al­ya.
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mag­ram poteidaia­Si Seq­mnil­ma mdgo­ma­re­o­bam ai­Zu­la isi­ni,
Se­Tan­xme­bod­nen per­di­kas. aTe­ne­leb­ma da­to­ves ma­ke­do­nia da
xme­le­TiT ga­i­laS­qres poteidaia­ze. ma­Ti laS­qa­ri Sed­ge­bo­da
sa­mi aTa­si aTe­ne­li hop­li­tis, bevri mo­kav­Si­ri­sa da eq­vsa­si
ma­ke­do­ne­li mxed­ri­sa­gan, romel­Tac fi­li­pe da pav­sa­ni­a­si
sar­dlob­dnen, sa­na­pi­ros ki sa­moc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di mo­uy­ve­bo­da.
maT me­sa­me dRes mi­aRwi­es gi­gons da iq da­ba­nak­dnen.
po­tei­dai­e­leb­ma da aris­tev­sis raz­mma qa­laq­Tan mo­awyves
ba­na­ki olin­sis mxri­dan. qve­iT­Ta me­Ta­u­rad aris­tev­si air­Ci­es,
mxed­re­bi­s meTaurad ki – per­di­ka, ro­mel­mac ama­so­ba­Si kvlav
uRa­la­ta aTe­ne­lebs. aris­tev­sis geg­ma am­gva­ri iyo: is Ta­vi­si
raz­miT mters qa­la­qis mi­sad­go­meb­Tan viw­rob­Si elo­da, qal­ki­
de­e­le­bi da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi – yels ga­daR­ma, xo­lo per­di­kas
ori aTa­si mxe­da­ri olin­sSi rCe­bo­da, ra­Ta aTe­nel­Ta Se­te­vis
Sem­Txve­va­Si maT zur­gi­dan das­xmo­da Tavs. ka­li­as­ma, aTe­nel­Ta
sar­dal­ma, olin­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg gag­zav­na ma­ke­do­ne­li mxed­re­bi,
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta mci­re raz­mi­ ki – zur­gis da­sa­ca­vad, xo­lo Tvi­
Ton ba­naki­dan poteidaias­ken da­iZ­ra. yels rom mi­ad­gnen da
mte­ri da­i­na­xes, Tvi­To­nac sab­rZo­lod da­ew­yvnen da brZo­lac
ga­CaR­da. pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta rCe­ul­ma na­wi­leb­ma aris­tev­sis sar­
dlo­biT mte­ri uku­aq­ci­es da did­xans sdi­es mas. po­tei­daiel­Ta
da pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta da­nar­Ce­ni laS­qa­ri da­mar­cxda da qa­la­qis
ked­lebs Se­e­fa­ra.
aris­tev­sma da­in­ a­xa, rac mox­da. is er­Txans yoy­ma­nob­da, sa­iT
wa­su­li­yo – olin­sSi Tu poteidaia­Si. bo­los raz­mi mWid­rod
da­awyo da swra­fi svliT po­tei­daias­ken ga­e­Su­ra. man mo­a­xer­xa
qa­la­qam­de mis­vla, ga­ia­ ­ra is­re­bis wvi­ma­Si da raz­mis di­di na­wi­li
ga­da­ar­Ci­na. olin­si­dan poteidaias da­sax­ma­reb­lad wa­mo­sul­ma
raz­mma sul co­ta man­Zi­lis gav­la mo­as­wro brZo­lis dawy­e­bam­de.
ma­ke­do­ne­li mxed­re­bi sab­rZo­lvelad mo­ewyv­nen, ra­Ta gza ga­da­
e­Ro­baT maT­Tvis. aTe­nel­Ta ga­mar­jve­ba ma­le cxa­di gax­da da
olin­Te­le­bi qa­laq­Si gab­run­dnen, ma­ke­do­ne­le­bi ki – aTe­nel­Ta
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ba­nak­Si. am­de­nad, mxed­rebs brZo­la­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­ba ar mi­u­Ri­aT.
aTene­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da damarcxebulebs
da­Ru­pul me­o­mar­Ta dak­rZal­vis ne­ba misces. po­tei­dai­e­leb­ma
da maT­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma sa­ma­si ka­ci da­kar­ges, aTe­ne­leb­ma – as
or­moc­da­a­Ti mo­qa­la­qe, maT So­ris, sar­da­li ka­li­a­si.
brZo­lis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma ma­Sin­ve aa­ges me­o­re ke­de­li
qa­la­qis ga­lav­nis gas­wvriv Crdi­lo­e­Tis mxri­dan da mas guSagi
da­u­ye­nes, pa­le­nis mxa­re ki da­uc­ve­li dar­Ca. aTe­ne­lebs ar hyav­
daT sak­ma­ri­si Za­la, rom ye­lic da­ec­vaT da pa­le­nis mxri­dan
ke­de­lic ae­goT. ami­tom aTen­ma ki­dev aTas eq­vsa­si hop­li­ti
ga­mog­zav­na for­mi­on­ is sar­dlo­biT. for­mi­o­ni ne­la mi­u­ax­lov­
da poteidaias da pa­le­nis mxri­da­nac Se­mo­ar­tya mas ke­de­li.
zRvi­dan mi­sas­vlels ki aTe­nis es­kad­ra ke­tav­da.
qa­la­qi al­ya­Si aR­moC­nda. aris­tevss ime­di ewu­re­bo­da. man
Ses­Ta­va­za yve­las, xu­Ta­si ka­cis gar­da, da­e­to­ve­bi­naT qa­la­
qi, ra­Ta sak­ve­bis ma­ra­gi metxans hyof­no­daT, Tvi­Ton ki mis
da­sa­ca­vad api­reb­da dar­Ce­nas. po­tei­daie­leb­ma ar mi­i­Res es
wi­na­da­de­ba. ma­Sin is Ta­vad wa­vi­da dax­ma­re­bis sa­Zeb­ne­lad,
ga­e­pa­ra aTe­nel gu­Sa­gebs, ib­rZo­da qal­ki­di­ke­Si, awar­mo­eb­da
sa­i­dum­lo molaparakebebs pe­lo­po­nes­Si.
es gax­da aTe­nel­Ta da pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta uTan­xmo­e­bis me­o­re
sa­ba­bi. ko­rin­Te­le­bi ver pa­ti­ob­dnen aTens poteidaias al­yas,
aTe­ne­le­bi ki maT say­ve­du­rob­dnen, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ma­Ti
mo­kav­Si­re ajan­ye­ba­ze wa­a­qe­zes da Ri­a­dac ib­rZod­nen po­tei­
dai­el­Ta mxa­re­ze. mag­ram es jer ki­dev ar iyo nam­dvi­li omi.
poteidaias blo­ka­da ko­rin­Te­lebs mos­ve­ne­bas ukar­gav­da. isi­
ni Ta­vi­anT Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­Ta bed­sac ga­nic­did­nen da qa­la­qi­sa­sac.
al­yis dawy­e­bis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mon­Si Sekribes mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi da
aTens za­vis dar­Rve­va­Si das­des bra­li. egi­ne­leb­ma ver ga­be­des
kre­ba­ze el­Ce­bis gag­zav­na, Tumca fa­ru­lad sa­om­rad aqe­zeb­dnen
sxvebs. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­mac mo­iw­vi­es mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi da aTenis sxva
momCivanebi sa­xal­xo kre­baze da yve­la msur­vels mis­ces ga­mos­
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vlis neba. is­mo­da bral­de­be­bi. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT me­ga­re­le­bi cxa­
rob­dnen. ma­Ti Zi­ri­Ta­di sa­Ci­va­ri is iyo, rom, xel­Sek­ru­le­bis
mi­u­xe­da­vad, aTe­nis kav­Si­ris nav­sad­gu­rebSi da ati­kis ba­zar­ze
maT ar uS­veb­dnen. bo­los ko­rin­Te­le­bi ga­mo­vid­nen:
`la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, ndo­ba, ro­me­lic su­fevs Tqvens sa­zo­ga­
do­eb­riv da ker­Zo cxov­re­ba­Si, ga­i­Zu­lebT frTxi­lad mo­e­ki­doT
xalxs, vinc sxvas uCi­vis. swo­red amis ga­mo, Tqve­ni ke­Til­go­
ni­e­re­bis mi­ux
­ e­da­vad, sa­ga­reo saq­me­eb­Si yo­vel­Tvis je­ro­van
gam­Wri­a­xo­bas ver iCenT. xSi­rad gaf­rTxi­leb­dnen, aTe­ne­lebs
Cven mi­marT avi zrax­ve­bi aqvTo, mag­ram yu­rad ar iReT, pi­ri­qiT,
eW­vi gqon­daT, rom Cven ama­ze piradi an­ga­ri­Se­bis ga­mo vsa­ub­
rob­diT. es Sek­re­bac gar­kve­ul mov­le­na­Ta pa­su­xad moviwvieT
da ara dro­u­lad. Cven gvmar­Tebs ga­mos­vla mo­kav­Si­re­Ta wi­na­Se,
rad­ga­nac gvaqvs mize­zi, ra­Ta aTe­nel­Ta Tav­xe­do­ba­ze da Cven­
da­mi Tqvens mudmiv uyuradRebobaze vi­sa­ub­roT. aTe­ne­le­bi
rom ela­da­Si Ta­vi­anT bnel saq­me­ebs fa­ru­lad sCa­di­od­nen, amis
Se­sa­xeb un­da gag­vef­rTxi­le­bi­neT. bev­ri la­pa­ra­ki aRar gvWir­
de­ba ax­la, rodesac aTeneleb­ma elin­Ta na­wi­li da­i­mor­Ci­les,
me­o­re na­wils ki, swo­red Tqven mo­kav­Si­re­ebs, eb­rZvi­an. isi­ni
tyuilad ar da­i­ka­veb­dnen ker­ki­ras da al­yas ar Se­mo­ar­tyam­dnen
poteidaias. poteidaia mTel Tra­ki­ul sa­na­pi­ro­ze ba­to­no­bis
sa­Su­a­le­bas iZ­le­va, ker­ki­ra ki mniS­vne­lo­van sazR­vao Za­las
Ses­Zen­da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs.
dam­na­Sa­ve Tqven xarT, rad­ga­n mi­di­u­ri omis Sem­deg ne­ba dar­
TeT aTe­ne­lebs, jer qa­la­qis ga­mag­re­bis, Sem­deg ki grZe­li
ked­le­bis a­gebisa. Tqven Ta­vi­suf­le­bas ar­TmevT ro­gorc maT
qve­Sev­rdo­mebs, ise Tqvens mo­kav­Si­re­eb­sac. xal­xis nam­dvi­li
mCag­vre­li dam­pyro­be­li ki ara, isaa, vi­sac Se­uZ­lia bo­lo mo­u­
Ros mo­no­bas, mag­ram amas ar ake­Tebs, Tum­ca­Ra ela­dis ga­ma­Ta­vi­
suf­leb­lis sa­xels es­wraf­vis. rogorc iqna, Se­vik­ri­beT, mag­ram
ris­Tvis, ga­ur­kve­ve­li­a. Cven is ki ar un­da gva­in­te­re­seb­des,
varT Tu ara Za­la­do­bis msxver­pli, ara­med – ro­gor da­vic­vaT
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Ta­vi mis­gan. sa­nam Cven vmer­ye­obT, mte­ri geg­mis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad
moq­me­debs da uyoy­ma­nod gves­xmis Tavs. vic­nobT aTe­ne­lebs:
isi­ni na­bij­-na­bij aviw­ro­e­ben me­zob­lebs. sa­nam fiq­ro­ben, rom
Tqven ver am­CnevT, frTxi­lo­ben, mag­ram Tu ifiqres, rom Tvals
xu­WavT, mTe­li Za­liT Se­u­te­ven. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, elin­Ta­gan
mxo­lod Tqven xarT umoq­me­dod, Tavs icavT si­din­jiT da ara
Za­liT. mxo­lod Tqven cdi­lobT, mte­ri Ca­na­sax­Si­ve ki ar mos­poT,
ara­med gaZlierebis Sem­deg. Tqve­ni mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a sa­i­me­do Can­da,
mag­ram realoba sxva aR­moC­nda. mi­di­e­li qveynis ki­di­dan uf­ro
ma­le mo­vi­da pe­lo­po­ne­sam­de, vid­re Tqven sa­Wi­ro Za­las Sek­
reb­diT. ax­la ki aTe­ne­lebs ar aq­cevT yu­radR­eb
­ as, Tum­ca, arc
ise Sors cxov­ro­ben. imis ma­giv­rad, rom Tavs da­es­xaT, mxo­lod
ige­ri­ebT maT da Sem­Txve­vis ime­dad xarT. bar­ba­ro­sis da­mar­
cxe­bis mi­ze­zi, pir­vel rig­Si, Tvi­Ton iyo. ase­ve, Tu xan­da­xan
aTe­ne­le­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg vi­mar­jvebT, es xde­ba ma­Ti Sec­do­mis da
ara Tqve­ni Ta­nad­go­mis wya­lo­biT. Tqvens ime­dad yofna yvelas
es uk­ve Zvi­rad da­uj­da. ar ge­go­noT, mtro­ba gva­la­pa­ra­keb­des.
Cve­ni say­ve­du­ri sa­mar­Tli­a­ni­a. me­go­bars Sec­do­mebs say­ve­du­
ro­ben, mters ki brals sde­ben da­na­Sa­ul­Si.
Tavs uf­le­bas vaZ­levT, mi­gi­Ti­ToT Sec­do­meb­ze. al­baT,
aras­dros da­fiq­re­bul­xarT, rogorebi arian aTe­ne­le­bi da
ram­de­nad gan­sxvav­de­bi­an isi­ni Tqven­gan. isi­ni si­ax­lis moy­
va­rul­ni ari­an, sxar­ti go­ne­bis pat­ro­ne­bi Ta­vi­anT gegmebs
swra­fad as­xa­men xorcs. Tqven ki Zvels epo­ti­ne­biT da ar
scnobT cvli­le­bebs, au­ci­le­bel­sac ki. isi­ni gam­be­davebi da
ris­ki­a­ne­bi ari­an da imeds ara­so­des kar­ga­ven. Tqven ki Ca­mor­
Ce­biT Tqven­sa­ve Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs, go­ne­bas yurs ar ug­debT da
ga­mo­sa­vals ver po­ul
­ obT. isi­ni swra­fe­bi ari­an, Tqven – zan­te­
bi, isi­ni mog­za­u­ro­ben, Tqven sax­lSi sxed­xarT, isi­ni ra­Ra­cis
Se­Ze­nis ime­diT cxovroben, Tqven ge­Si­ni­aT, isic ar da­kar­goT,
rac gaqvT. isi­ni ga­mar­jve­bul­ni win­svlas ag­rZe­le­ben, da­mar­
cxe­bul­ni ki imeds ar kar­ga­ven; si­cocx­le­sa da Za­lebs ar iSu­
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01.04.2013 14:47:12
re­ben sa­ku­Ta­ri qvey­ni­saT­vis; yo­vel wa­ru­ma­te­bel Ca­na­fiqrs
da­na­kar­gad aRiq­va­men, xo­lo er­Ti ga­mar­jve­ba sxva, uf­ro di­di
ga­mar­jve­bis sa­win­da­ri­a; mar­cxis Sem­Txve­va­Si geg­mas cvli­an
da da­na­kargs ma­le­ve inazR­au
­ ­re­ben; mxo­lod maT­Tvis niS­navs
ra­Ra­cis miR­we­vis sur­vi­li mis flo­bas, rad­ga­nac maT sur­vils
mi­si as­ru­le­ba mos­devs. ami­tom ma­Ti cxov­re­ba sav­sea Sro­mi­Ta
da xi­fa­TiT, isi­ni ver tkbe­bi­an sa­ku­Ta­ri qo­ne­biT da sul mets
es­wraf­vi­an. val­de­bu­le­ba­ze me­ti si­a­mov­ne­ba maT ar aqvT da
umoq­me­do­ba ise­ve Trgu­navT, ro­gorc yve­la­ze mom­qan­cve­li
Sro­ma. mok­led, aTe­ne­le­bi imis­Tvis ari­an ga­Ce­nil­ni, rom arc
Tvi­Ton mo­is­ve­non da arc sxva mo­as­ve­non.
ai, ase­Ti xal­xis wi­na­Se xarT Tqven umoq­me­dod. Tqven eri­
de­biT mSvi­do­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bi­saT­vis sam­xed­ro sam­za­dis­sa da
Za­lis de­mon­stri­re­bas. Tqven sa­mar­Tli­a­nad mi­iC­nevT, arc
sxvas da­es­xaT Tavs da arc Tav­dac­vi­sas awy­e­ni­noT vin­mes. es
po­li­ti­ka moZ­ve­le­bu­lia da ar mo­gi­tanT war­ma­te­bas, Tun­
dac sxve­bic ase fiq­rob­dnen. xe­lov­ne­ba­Sic da po­li­ti­ka­Sic
axal­ma un­da Sec­va­los Zve­li. ro­de­sac yve­la­fe­ri kar­ga­da­a,
ar­se­bu­li we­se­bis Sec­vla ar aris sa­Wi­ro. axal vi­Ta­re­ba­Si ki
cvli­le­bebs uam­ra­vi ram mo­iTx­ovs. da­i­viwy­eT Tqve­ni si­zan­te
da mi­eS­ve­leT poteidaia­sa da sxvebs, Se­i­We­riT ati­ka­Si, ra­Ta
da­ic­vaT Tqve­ni mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i da ar gva­i­Zu­loT sxva mfar­vel­
is povna. amiT arc fi­cis mfar­vel Rmer­Tebs vawy­e­ni­nebT, arc
go­ni­er ada­mi­an
­ ebs. rad­gan fics is ki ar ar­Rvevs, vinc er­Ti
mo­kav­Si­ris­gan mi­to­ve­bu­li sxvas eZebs, ara­med is, vinc mo­kav­
Si­res ar ex­ma­re­ba. maS, dag­vex­ma­reT da Tqven­Tan dav­rCe­biT,
Tqven­ze ax­lo­be­li ara­vin gvyavs. mi­i­ReT swo­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­
le­ba da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta da­kar­gviT nu da­am­crobT wi­nap­re­bi­sa­gan
mem­kvid­re­o­biT mi­Re­bul Za­las.~
la­ke­de­mon­Si Sem­Txve­viT aTe­nel­Ta el­Ce­bic im­yo­fe­bod­nen.
bral­mdeb­lebs rom mo­us­mi­nes, ga­dawy­vi­tes la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
wi­na­Se ga­mos­vla:
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`Cve­ni el­Co­ba aq Tqven mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan sa­ka­ma­Tod ar mo­su­
la, ara­med – kon­kre­tu­li da­va­le­biT. aq sa­sa­mar­Tlo ar aris,
amitomac Tavs ar vi­mar­TlebT, Tumca ar gvin­da, rom brmad
en­doT maT sity­vebs da ugu­nu­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba mi­i­RoT.
vacx­ad
­ ebT, rom, rac gve­kuT­vnis, pa­ti­o­sa­ni gziT mo­vi­po­veT
da Cve­ni qve­ya­na pa­ti­vis­ce­mas im­sa­xu­rebs. ar Rirs im am­be­bis
gax­se­ne­ba, rac mxo­lod gad­mo­ce­miT vi­ciT, mag­ram au­ci­leb­lad
un­da iT­qvas mi­di­ur omeb­ze, rom­le­bic er­Tad ga­vi­a­reT, Tum­ca
xSi­ri ga­me­o­re­ba mo­sa­bez­re­be­li xde­ba. ma­Sin Cven sa­er­To saq­
mi­saT­vis vRvri­diT sisxls da Cve­ni gmi­ro­ba Tqvenc wa­gad­gaT.
amas imi­tom gax­se­nebT, rom ico­deT, vis­Tan mo­gi­wevT brZo­la.
ma­ra­Ton­Tan Cven pir­ve­leb­ma er­Ti er­Tze vZli­eT bar­ba­ross.
ro­de­sac is kvlav mo­ad­ga ela­das da xme­leT­ze ver ga­vum­klav­
diT, oja­xe­bi­a­nad xo­mal­deb­ze dav­sxe­diT da sxva eli­neb­Tan
er­Tad sazR­vao brZo­la ga­vu­mar­TeT sa­la­min­Tan. mxo­lod am
brZo­lam ga­da­ar­Ci­na pe­lo­po­ne­si. amis sa­u­ke­Te­so sa­bu­Ti TviT
me­fem mog­vca: zRva­ze mar­cxis Sem­deg is laS­qris di­di na­wi­
liT ukan gab­run­da.
ela­dis be­di flot­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta. ga­mar­jve­bis sa­mi mTa­va­ri
mizezi ki Cven­ gvekuTvnoda: xo­mal­de­bis di­di na­wi­li, uW­kvi­a­
ne­si sar­da­li da uS­re­ti ener­gi­a. Cvens sar­­dals, Temistokless
un­da vu­mad­lo­deT, rom brZo­la sa­la­min­Tan mox­da. amis ga­mo
Tqvenc mas ucx­o­e­li­saT­vis ar­na­xul pa­tivs mi­a­geb­diT. Cven
di­di Tav­gan­wir­viT vib­rZo­diT. xme­leT­ze ara­vin dag­vxma­re­
bi­a. Cven mi­va­to­veT qa­la­qi, qo­ne­ba da xo­mal­deb­ze dav­sxe­diT,
ga­fan­tu­le­bi Cvens mo­kavSi­re­ebs mainc ve­ra­fers var­geb­diT.
Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, Cven Tqven­Tvis nak­le­bi ar gag­vi­ke­Te­bi­a, vid­re
Tqven – Cven­Tvis. Tqven dag­vex­ma­reT sa­ku­Ta­ri be­diT SeS­fo­
Te­bu­le­bs, ro­de­sac Cve­ni qa­la­qi uk­ve aRar ar­se­bob­da. Cven
ki, mi­di­els rom dav­ne­be­bo­diT an damarcxebas Sev­gu­e­bo­diT,
Tqven spar­se­lebs zRva­ze ver ga­u­wev­diT wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas da
ma­Tac saq­me kar­gad wa­u­vi­do­daT.
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nu­Tu Cve­ni ma­Sin­de­li Se­mar­Te­bi­Ta da go­ni­e­re­biT da­vim­sa­
xu­reT mTe­li ela­dis si­Zul­vi­li im sam­flo­be­los ga­mo, rac
dRes gvaqvs? Cven Za­liT ara­fe­ri dag­vipy­ri­a. Tqven ar mo­in­
do­meT bar­ba­ros­Ta Za­le­bis sa­bo­loo ga­nad­gu­re­ba ela­da­Si da
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma Cven gad­mog­vces mTa­var­sar­dlo­ba. mov­le­na­Ta
Sem­dgo­mi msvle­lo­ba sxva­das­xva ga­re­mo­e­ba­Ta Se­de­gi­a: Cven
vzru­nav­diT sa­ku­Tar usaf­rTxo­e­ba­ze, sa­xel­sa da xe­ir­ze. usaf­
rTxo­e­ba mo­iTx­ov­da Za­la­uf­le­bis gan­mtki­ce­bas da gan­mdgar
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta das­jas. Tqve­ni me­gob­ro­ba un­dob­lo­bam da SuR­
lma SebR­a­la. gan­mdga­ri mo­kav­Si­re Tqvens mxa­res gad­mo­vi­da.
rad un­da gvi­say­ve­du­roT, Tu sa­ku­Tar in­te­re­sebs vi­cav­diT?
Tqven pe­lo­po­ne­sis qvey­neb­Si Tqven­Tvis xel­say­re­li mmar­
Tve­lo­ba da­am­ya­reT da ise ga­na­gebT maT. ma­Ti si­Zul­vi­li rom
aR­geZ­raT, Tqvenc iZu­le­bu­li iq­ne­bo­diT Za­lis­Tvis mi­ge­mar­
TaT an sa­ku­Tar usaf­rTxo­eb
­ a­ze geT­qvaT ua­ri. ara­fe­ria ga­sak­
vi­ri ima­Si, rom Cven mi­vi­ReT Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li Za­la­uf­le­ba da
vi­nar­Cu­nebT mas. es Cve­ni ga­mo­go­ne­ba ara­a. odiT­gan­ve sus­ti
Zli­ers emor­Ci­le­bo­da. Cven vim­sa­xu­rebT Cvens Za­la­uf­le­bas
da ad­re Tqvenc ase­ve fiq­rob­diT, ax­la ki, sa­ku­Tar xe­ir­ze
zrun­viT, sa­mar­Tli­a­no­ba ga­gax­sen­daT. mag­ram sa­mar­Tli­a­no­bis
sa­xe­liT jer ara­vis uT­qvams sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­la­uf­le­bis gaz­rda­
ze ua­ri. mxo­lod qe­bis Rir­sia is, vinc Se­da­re­biT sa­mar­Tli­
a­nad mar­Tavs, mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom ada­mi­a­ni Ta­vi­si bu­ne­biT
es­wraf­vis sxva­ze ba­to­no­bas. sxva rom iyos Cvens ad­gil­ze,
aS­ka­rad ga­moC­nde­bo­da, ram­de­nad zo­mi­e­ria Cve­ni mmar­Tve­lo­ba.
Cven ki qe­bis nac­vlad say­ve­durs vi­RebT.
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom Cvens sa­sa­mar­Tlo­eb­Sic ki mo­kav­Si­
re­ebs aTe­ne­leb­Tan Ta­na­ba­ri uf­le­be­bi aqvT, ma­inc gvi­Ci­vi­an,
gva­viw­roebTo. ara­vis ax­sen­de­ba, rom Ta­vis So­re­ul sam­flo­
be­lo­ebs sxva uf­ro mkac­rad mar­Tavs. vinc uxeS Za­las iye­nebs,
mas sa­sa­mar­Tlo ar sWir­de­ba. Cve­ni mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi miC­ve­ul­ni
ari­an Ta­nas­wo­ri­viT mopyrobas da, Tu sa­sa­mar­Tlos an xe­li­
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su­le­bis ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba usa­mar­Tlod eC­ve­naT, bev­rad uf­ro
mwva­ved aRiq­va­men amas, vid­re pirdapir Za­la­do­bas: er­TSi
Ta­nas­wo­ri­sa­gan upa­tiv­ce­mu­lo­bas xe­da­ven, me­o­re­Si ki – Za­lis
mor­Ci­le­bis au­ci­leb­lo­bas. mi­di­e­lis­gan mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i ua­res­
sac itan­dnen, Cve­ni ba­to­no­ba ki em­Zi­me­baT. ar­caa ga­sak­vi­ri:
qve­Sev­rdo­mi mTav­ro­biT yo­vel­Tvis uk­ma­yo­fi­lo­a. Tqvenc,
Tu Cven dag­va­mar­cxebT da ela­das da­e­pat­ro­ne­biT, swra­fad
da­kar­gavT mo­kav­Si­re­Ta ke­Til­gan­wyo­bas.
am­de­nad, nu aCqardebiT, nu ah­yve­biT sxvis az­rsa da sa­Ci­
vars. sa­nam ia­raRs ais­xamT, da­fiq­rdiT, ro­gor Se­iZ­le­ba wa­ri­
mar­Tos omi. ga­Wi­a­nu­re­bul om­Si yve­la­fe­ri Se­iZ­le­ba mox­des.
nu da­var­RvevT Se­Tan­xme­beb­sa da fics, sa­da­vo sa­kiTx­e­bis
ga­daW­ra ki sa­Su­a­mav­lo sa­sa­mar­Tlos mi­van­doT. Tumca Tu
Tqven ma­inc gsurT omi, ra ga­ewy­o­ba, Cvenc vi­om
­ ebT.~
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­us­mi­nes mxa­re­ebs, Sem­deg sTxo­ves maT,
kre­ba da­et
­ o­ve­bi­naT da TaT­birs Se­ud­gnen. um­rav­le­so­ba aTe­
ne­lebs za­vis dam­rRve­vad mi­iC­nev­da da omis dawy­e­bas iTx­ov­da.
ma­Sin ar­qi­da­mos­ma, la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­fem Tqva:
`la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, bevr om­Si mi­mi­Ria mo­na­wi­le­o­ba da Tqven
So­ri­sac bev­ria Ce­mi Ta­na­to­li. ar Se­iZ­le­ba omi kar­gi gve­go­nos
da gvsur­des. omi, ro­mel­sac ax­la gan­vi­xi­lavT, Zal­ze mniS­
vne­lo­va­ni iq­ne­ba. ga­na Se­iZ­le­ba, sa­Ta­na­do mom­za­de­bis ga­re­Se
ve­o­moT ­So­re­ul qve­ya­nas, ro­me­lic sim­did­riT, xo­mal­de­biT,
me­om­re­bi­Ta da ia­ra­RiT yve­las aRe­ma­te­ba ela­da­Si. ri­s ime­di
gvaqvs: flo­tis? fu­lis? xo­mal­de­bis ra­o­de­no­biT bev­rad
Ca­mov­rCe­biT aTe­ne­lebs, flo­tis mSe­neb­lo­bas di­di dro das­
Wir­de­ba, Cve­ni xa­zi­na ki ca­ri­e­li­a.
Se­iZ­le­ba vi­fiq­roT, rom sax­me­le­To Za­leb­Si upi­ra­te­so­ba
Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas mog­vcems, ati­kis mi­wa ava­ox­roT, mag­ram maT
mi­wa bev­ri aqvT da zRvi­Tac Se­eZ­le­baT yve­la­fe­ri mo­i­ma­ra­gon.
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs Tu avu­jan­yebT, mog­vi­wevs xo­mal­de­bis mi­S­ve­leba,
ma­Ti um­rav­le­so­ba xom kun­Zu­leb­ze cxovrobs. ra omi iq­ne­ba
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es? sa­nam zRva­ze ar ga­vi­mar­jvebT, sul da­mar­cxe­bu­li viq­ne­
biT. da­za­ve­ba aseT pi­ro­beb­Si aRar iq­ne­ba gamarTlebuli, miT
ume­tes, rom omis wa­mom­wye­bi Cven viq­ne­biT. nu gveq­ne­ba swra­fi
ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di. vSi­Sob, rom es omi Cvens Svi­lebs er­ge­baT
mem­kvid­re­ob
­ ad. aTe­ne­le­bi Zal­ze ama­ye­bi ari­an sa­i­mi­sod, rom
mi­wa­ze mi­jaW­vu­lo­bam om­ze aa­Re­bi­nos xe­li.
me ar gTa­va­zobT maT mi­er Cve­ni mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis­Tvis mi­ye­nebul
zi­an­ze Tva­lis da­xuW­vas da ma­Ti avi zrax­ve­bis ugu­le­bel­yo­fas.
me mxo­lod gir­CevT, jer el­Ce­bi ga­vug­zav­noT, pirdapir omiT
nu da­ve­muq­re­biT, Tumca nurc daT­mo­beb­ze wa­valT. ama­so­ba­Si
ki omi­saT­vis mo­vem­za­doT, mo­vim­xroT ro­gorc eli­ne­bi, ase­ve
bar­ba­ro­se­bi, ra­Ta vi­So­voT fu­li da ge­me­bi. Cvens mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­
Si myof xalxs ve­ra­vin usay­ve­du­rebs, Tu aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg
bar­ba­ro­se­bi dagvex­ma­re­bian. Tu aTe­ne­le­bi Cvens el­Cebs ra­mes
da­uT­mo­ben, Za­li­an kar­gi, Tu ara, ori­od we­li­wad­Si omi­saT­vis
mzad viq­ne­biT da ma­Sin da­ves­xaT Tavs. ro­de­sac isi­ni dar­wmun­de­
bi­an, rom sam­za­di­si da­viwy­eT, maSinve daT­mo­beb­ze wav­len, sa­nam
ma­Ti mi­wa da qo­ne­ba jer ki­dev uv­ne­be­li­a. rac Se­iZ­le­ba did­xans
da­vin­doT igi, rom aTe­ne­leb­Si gan­wi­ru­le­bis mxne­ob
­ a ar ga­vaR­
vi­ZoT. Tu mo­um­za­deb­lad dav­laS­qravT ati­kas, pe­lo­po­ness
mxo­lod sir­cxvil­sa da vne­bas mo­vu­tanT. cal­ke­u­li qa­la­qi­sa Tu
ada­mi­a­nis sa­Ci­va­ri sxvag­va­ra­dac Se­iZ­le­ba dak­ma­yo­fil­des, mag­
ram Tu ker­Zo in­te­re­se­bis ga­mo ga­CaR­da sa­yo­vel­Tao omi, rom­lis
Se­de­gic ga­ur­kve­ve­li­a, mi­si Rir­se­u­lad das­ru­le­ba Zne­li iq­ne­ba.
laC­ro­ba sulac ar aris, am­de­nma qve­ya­nam rom ar mo­i­sur­vos
erT qa­laqze Tavdasxma. si­nam­dvi­le­Si, aTe­ne­lebs Cven­ze nak­le­
bi mo­kav­Si­re ar hyavT, Ta­nac ise­Ti, vinc xarks ux­dis. sa­er­Tod
oms ia­ra­Ri ki ara, fu­li igebs, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT xme­le­Ti­sa da
kun­Zu­le­bis mkvidrTa So­ris oms. ase rom, marto mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
sity­vebze nu CaverTvebiT am om­Si.
nu idar­debT, Tu si­zan­te­sa da yoy­man­Si dag­va­da­na­Sa­ul
­ e­ben.
Tu mo­um­za­deb­lad da­viwy­ebT brZo­las, omi did­xans gas­tans.
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Cve­ni qve­ya­na yo­vel­Tvis Ta­vi­su­fa­li da pa­tiv­ce­mu­li iyo da
Cve­ni sif­rTxi­lec Seg­ne­bu­li go­niv­ru­li po­li­ti­ka­a. Cven ar
vyo­yo­CobT war­ma­te­be­biT da arc gan­sac­del­Si vkar­gavT mxne­
o­bas, ar vyve­biT cdu­ne­bas da ar ve­ZebT sa­xi­fa­To Tav­ga­da­sav­
lebs. mkac­ri dis­cip­li­nis wya­lo­biT, Cven kar­gi meb­rZo­le­bi da
brZe­ni mo­TaT­bi­re­eb
­ i varT. dis­cip­li­na, Rir­se­bis grZno­ba da
si­ma­ma­ce er­T­ma­neTTan, sib­rZne ki ka­no­nis mor­Ci­le­bas­Tan aris
ga­da­jaW­vuli. Cven pa­tivs vcemT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges da mis geg­mebs,
om­Si ki mi­si Sec­do­mis ime­diT ki ara, Cve­ni Za­lis imedad varT.
aqamde mudam wi­na­par­Ta am Cve­u­le­bebs miv­dev­diT. ax­lac
aC­qa­re­biT da win­da­u­xe­da­vad nu mi­vi­RebT ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bas,
ro­mel­ze­dac mra­va­li qvey­nisa da ada­mi­a­nis be­di da Cve­ni
sa­xe­lia da­mo­ki­de­bu­li. din­jad vi­moq­me­doT, Cve­ni sam­xed­ro
Za­la amis sa­Su­a­le­bas gvaZlevs. gav­gzav­noT el­Ce­bi aTen­Si
poteidaia­sa da sxva sa­kiTx­eb­ze mo­sa­la­pa­ra­keb­lad. aTe­ne­le­
bi mzad ari­an, sa­Su­a­mav­lo sa­sa­mar­Tlos da­e­mor­Ci­lon. vinc
sa­sa­mar­Tlo­ze Ta­nax­ma­a, xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dar­Rve­vis bral­
de­biT oms ver da­uwy­eb. ama­so­ba­Si ki omi­saT­vis mo­vem­za­doT.
es ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba yve­la­ze sa­sar­geb­lo iq­ne­ba Cven­Tvis da
yve­la­ze sa­xi­fa­To mtris­Tvis.~
Sem­deg efo­ri sfe­ne­la­i­de­si ga­mo­vi­da:
`a­Te­nel­Ta grZe­li ga­mos­vla me ver ga­vi­ge. Ta­vi iqes da
veraf­riT ga­amar­Tle­s is bo­ro­te­ba, rac maT­gan Cven­ma mo­kav­
Si­re­eb­ma na­xes. Tu mi­di­e­leb­Tan brZo­la­Si Ta­vi­an­Ti siq­ve­le
aC­ve­nes, ax­la ki mtre­bi­viT gveq­ce­vi­an, ki­dev uf­ro me­tad im­sa­
xu­re­ben sas­jels, rad­ga­nac Rir­se­u­li xal­xi bo­ro­tad iq­ca.
Cven ki verc ma­Sin da verc axla mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ver mi­va­to­vebT.
maT Tu aqvT bev­ri fu­li, ge­mi da cxe­ni, Cven gvyavs Rir­se­u­li
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, vi­sac aTe­ne­lebs ver da­vuT­mobT. sa­sa­mar­Tlo
da TaT­bi­ri ve­ra­fers ga­dawy­vets, ro­de­sac mte­ri ia­ra­RiT
gve­muq­re­ba. sa­fiq­ra­li Cven aRa­ra­fe­ri gvaqvs, maT efiq­raT,
sa­nam zavs da­ar­Rvev­dnen. omi da­viwy­oT da nu miv­cemT maT
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gaZ­li­e­re­bis sa­Su­a­le­bas, Rmer­Te­bis dax­ma­re­biT dav­laS­qroT
mom­xvdu­ri.~
amis Sem­deg efor­ma xmis mi­ce­ma mo­iTx­o­va. Sem­deg ki Tqva,
rom ver ga­ar­Ci­a, vin yvi­ro­da uf­ro xma­maR­la (spar­te­le­bi
sa­kiTxs wyve­ten yvi­ri­liT da ara ken­Wis­yriT). man Ses­Ta­va­za
kre­bas, erT mxa­re­ze dam­dga­riy­vnen isi­ni, vinc miiCnevda, rom
za­vi aTe­nis mi­ze­ziT da­ir­Rva. mas ime­di hqon­da, rom umravle­
soba oms da­u­Wer­da mxars. um­rav­le­so­bam CaT­va­la, rom aTen­ma
xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­ar­Rvi­a. ga­dawy­da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta yri­lo­bis
mow­ve­va, raTa omi sa­er­To Se­Tan­xme­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze da­ewy­oT.
es dad­ge­ni­le­ba spar­tis sa­xal­xo kre­bam mi­i­Ro ev­be­ur
­ i omis
Sem­deg da­de­bu­li oc­da­aT­wli­a­ni sam­Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­ru­le­bis
me­ToTx­me­te wels.
omis dawy­e­ba la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­Ta sa­a­meb­lad
ki ar ga­dawy­vi­tes, ara­med aTe­nis mzar­di Zli­e­re­bis Si­SiT.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ki am Zli­e­re­bas ase mi­aR­wi­es. elin­Ta mi­er zRva­
sa da xme­leT­ze da­mar­cxe­bu­li mi­di­e­le­bis ev­ro­pi­dan was­
vlis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­fe le­o­ti­qi­de­si pe­lo­po­ne­sel
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad Sin dab­run­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma me­fis­gan
gan­mdgar io­ni­e­leb­Tan da he­les­pon­te­leb­Tan er­Tad ses­toss
Se­mo­ar­tyes al­ya. zam­Ta­ri iq ga­a­ta­res da qa­la­qi ai­Res, Sem­deg
ki sam­Sob­los mi­a­Su­res. aTe­nis xe­li­suf­le­bam bar­ba­ro­se­bis
gan­dev­nis­Ta­na­ve da­ab­ru­na qa­le­bi da bav­Sve­bi da qa­la­qi­sa da
mi­si ga­lav­nis aR­dge­na da­iwy­o. aTe­nel­Ta sur­vi­li rom Se­ity­
ves, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma maT el­Ce­bi ga­ug­zav­nes, ra­Ta ked­le­bis
age­ba­Si xe­li Se­e­Sa­laT. maT er­Civ­naT aTe­ni da sxva qa­la­qe­bi
ga­u­mag­re­be­li yo­fi­li­yo. mo­kav­Si­re­eb­sac afiq­reb­da aTe­
nel­Ta ax­lad S
­ eq­mni­li flo­ti da si­ma­ma­ce, ro­me­lic mi­di­ur
om­Si aCvenes. ami­tom iTx­ov­dnen la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi aTe­nel­Ta­
gan ga­lav­nis age­ba­ze xe­lis aRe­bas da ga­dar­Ce­ni­li ked­le­bis
dan­gre­va­Si dax­ma­re­bac ki Ses­Ta­va­zes maT. isi­ni ar am­xel­dnen
sa­ku­Tar Ca­na­fiqrs da am geg­mas imiT asa­bu­Teb­dnen, rom Tu
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bar­ba­ro­si kvlav da­es­xme­ba Tavs ela­das, mas ga­mag­re­bu­li
pun­qti aRar Ca­u­var­de­ba xel­Si, eli­ne­bi ki Tavs pe­lo­po­ness
Se­a­fa­re­beno. Temistoklesis rCe­viT, aTe­ne­leb­ma upa­su­xes,
rom am sa­kiTx­ze mo­sa­la­pa­re­keb­lad Ta­vad ga­ag­zav­ni­an el­Cebs
la­ke­de­mon­Si, ma­Ti war­gzav­ni­le­bi ki ukan ga­is­tum­res. Temis­
toklesi Tvi­Ton wa­vi­da el­Cad, aTe­ne­lebs ki da­u­ba­ra, sxva
el­Ce­bi ma­nam­de Se­e­yov­ne­bi­naT, sa­nam ga­la­vans Tav­dac­vi­saT­
vis sak­ma­ris si­maR­le­ze ar aiy­van­dnen. la­ke­de­mon­Si Casuli
Temistoklesi yve­la­nairad aWi­a­nu­reb­da xe­li­suf­le­bas­Tan
Sex­ved­ras da da­nar­Ce­ni el­Ce­bis Se­yov­ne­bas imi­ze­zeb­da.
ro­de­sac ked­le­bi mzad iyo, Temistoklesma ga­mo­ucx­ada
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs, aTe­ni Ta­vis mkvid­rTa da­sa­ca­vad mza­da­ao.
Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ki­dev ga­ag­zav­ni­an el­Cebs, maT ad­gil­ze
dax­vde­ba xal­xi, vinc sxva­ze ara­nak­leb icis, ra ga­mo­ad­ge­ba
maT da mTel ela­das. ad­re xom aTe­ne­leb­ma Tvi­Ton ga­dawy­vi­
tes qa­la­qis mi­to­ve­ba da xo­mal­deb­ze das­xdo­ma, xo­lo la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­Tan TaT­bi­ri­sas aC­ve­nes, rom sxva­ze su­le­le­bi ar
ari­an. ax­lac maT gan­sa­jes, rom qa­la­qis ga­mag­re­ba mo­kav­Si­re­
e­bis­Tvi­sac kar­gi iq­ne­ba. Tav­dac­vis er­Ti­a­ni sis­te­mis ga­re­Se
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi xom ver iq­ne­bi­an Ta­nas­wor­ni ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis
mi­Re­bi­sas. am­de­nad, an yve­la mo­kav­Si­res un­da avuk­rZa­loT
Ta­vi­an­Ti qa­la­qe­bis ga­mag­re­ba, an aTe­nis moq­me­de­ba swo­rad
mi­viC­ni­oT.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs uk­ma­yo­fi­le­ba ­AaS­ka­rad ar gamouxa­tavT,
Tum­ca gu­li ki dawy­daT, rom sa­wa­dels ver mi­aR­wies.
aTe­ne­leb­ma male aRad­gi­nes ked­le­bi. siC­qa­ris kva­li maT
dRe­sac ety­o­ba. qve­da na­wi­li sxva­das­xva da xSi­rad ga­uT­le­li
qvi­Taa amoy­va­ni­li. deb­dnen imas, rac xelT hqon­daT, saf­la­
vis qveb­sac da sxva ramisTvis mo­ma­ra­ge­bul ma­sa­la­sac. Tem­
istoklesis rCe­viT, ga­na­ax­les pi­re­o­sis ga­mag­re­bac. swo­red
es ad­gi­li mi­si sa­mi bu­neb­ri­vi nav­sa­yu­de­liT un­da gam­xda­ri­yo
ma­Ti Zli­e­re­bis zrdis sa­win­da­ri. Temistoklesma pir­vel­ma
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ga­moT­qva az­ri, aTe­nis mo­ma­va­li zRva­Si­ao, ri­Tac sa­fuZ­ve­li
Cauyara pi­re­o­sis mSe­neb­lo­ba-­ga­mag­re­bas. ked­le­bi ise­Ti si­ga­
ni­sa aa­ges, rom qviT dat­vir­Tu­li ori ure­mi er­Tma­neTs gverds
auv­li­da. ga­sa­mag­reb­lad arc Ror­Ri ux­ma­ri­aT da arc Ti­xa,
gaT­li­li swor­kuTxa lo­de­bi mWid­rod da­as­ves er­Tma­neTs,
ga­re­dan rki­ni­sa da tyvi­is sa­mag­re­biT Sek­res. mSe­neb­lo­bis
dam­Tav­re­bis Sem­deg ke­de­li uf­ro da­ba­li aR­moC­nda, vid­re
Temistoklesi geg­mav­da. mas ise­Ti ked­lis age­ba sur­da, rom
mters verc ki ga­e­be­da Tav­das­xma, xo­lo Tu ma­inc mi­i­tan­da
ie­riSs, ke­de­li xe­ib­reb­s un­da da­ec­vaT, sxva mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi ki
xo­mal­deb­ze un­da asu­liy­vnen. Temistoklesi gan­sa­kuT­re­biT
zru­nav­da flot­ze, rad­gan mi­aC­nda, rom spar­se­le­bis mo­ri­gi
Se­mo­te­va zRviT iyo mo­sa­lod­ne­li. ami­tom pi­re­oss ak­ro­po­
lis­ze met mniS­vne­lo­bas ani­Web­da.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­li pav­sa­ni­a­si, kle­om­bro­to­sis Ze, pe­lo­po­ne­
sel­Ta oci xo­mal­diT ga­ig­zav­na elin­Ta sar­dlad. laS­qro­
ba­Si mo­na­wi­le­ob­da aTe­nel­Ta oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di da mra­va­li
mo­kav­Si­re. jer kvip­ro­sis­ken ga­e­mar­Tnen da kun­Zu­lis di­di
na­wi­li da­i­mor­Ci­les, Sem­deg ki bi­zan­ti­on­ze ga­i­laS­qres da
qa­la­qi ai­Res.
pav­sa­ni­a­sis mbrZa­neb­lo­ba uk­ve di­di xa­nia aRi­zi­a­neb­daT
eli­nebs, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT spar­se­Tis uRels ax­lad­ TavdaR­we­ul
io­ni­el
­ ebs. maT aTe­ne­lebs Ses­Ta­va­zes mTa­var­sar­dlo­ba. aTe­
ne­lebs es az­ri Wku­a­Si da­uj­daT. ama­so­ba­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
ga­iw­vi­es pav­sa­ni­a­si, ra­Ta mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sa­Civ­re­bi da
Wo­re­bi ga­mo­e­Zi­aT. man SeZlo sa­xel­mwi­fo da­na­Sa­ul­Si, ker­Zod,
spar­se­leb­Tan kav­Sir­Si bral­de­bis­gan Ta­vis mar­Tle­ba, mag­ram
cal­ke­ul pir­Ta wi­na­Se bra­li da­um­tkic­da. ami­tom mTa­var­
sar­dlad aRar da­niS­nes da mis nac­vlad dor­ki­si gag­zav­nes.
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma aRar cnes mi­si pir­ve­lo­ba da la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
ukan dab­ru­ne­ba mo­ux­daT. amis Sem­deg maT aRarc sar­da­li ga­ug­
zav­ni­aT da aRarc mi­di­ur om­Si mi­u­Ri­aT mo­na­wi­le­o­ba, rad­gan
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mi­aC­ndaT, rom aTe­ne­le­bic kar­gad wa­uZR­ve­bod­nen mo­kav­Si­re­ebs.
ro­gorc ki Ca­ud­gnen sa­Ta­ve­Si mo­kav­Si­re­ebs, aTe­ne­leb­ma
da­ad­gi­nes, bar­ba­ro­s­Tan sa­om­rad ro­mel qve­ya­nas fu­li exa­da
da ro­mels xo­mal­de­bi aRe­Wur­va. maT ma­Sin pir­ve­lad da­aw
­ e­ses
eli­no­ta­mi­e­bis (sa­kav­Si­ro xa­zi­nis xa­zi­na­dar­Ta) Ta­nam­de­bo­ba,
rom­leb­sac fo­ro­si, fu­la­di Se­na­ta­ni un­da aek­ri­faT. fo­ro­sad
oTx­as ­sa­mo­ci ta­lan­ti da­wes­da. xa­zi­na de­los­ze iyo gan­Tav­
se­bu­li, iq­ve ik­ri­be­bo­da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta yri­lo­ba.
mil­ti­a­de­sis Zis ki­mo­nos sar­dlo­biT aTe­ne­leb­ma ai­Res ei­o­
ni stri­mon­ze da do­lo­pe­biT da­sax­le­bu­li kun­Zu­li ski­ro­si.
mo­sax­le­o­ba mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des, kun­Zu­li ki sa­ku­Ta­ri ko­lo­nis­
te­biT da­a­sax­les. ev­be­a­ze maT da­a­mar­cxes ka­ris­te­le­bi, xo­lo
ajan­ye­bu­li naq­so­se­le­bi al­ya­Si mo­aq­ci­es da da­i­mor­Ci­les. es
iyo pir­ve­li Sem­Txve­va, ro­de­sac sa­mo­kav­Si­reo xel­Se­ru­le­bis
mi­u­xe­da­vad, mo­kav­Si­re qve­ya­nas da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba wa­ar­Tves.
Sem­deg maTi be­di sxva qvey­neb­mac gaiziares.
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta ajan­ye­bis mi­ze­zi Zi­ri­Ta­dad ma­Ti val­de­bu­le­
be­bi iyo. aTe­ne­le­bi mkac­rad mo­iTx­ov­dnen maT Ses­ru­le­bas da
Za­lis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba­sac ar eri­de­bod­nen. aTe­nel­Ta ba­to­no­ba awu­
xeb­da maT, vinc ar iyo Se­viw­ro­e­bas miC­ve­u­li da vi­sac ar sur­da
amis ata­na. isi­ni aRar uy­var­daT Zve­le­bu­rad. er­Tob­liv laS­
qro­beb­Si aTe­ne­le­bi mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ro­gorc Ta­nas­wo­rebs, aRar
eqceodnen da ganmdgarsac io­lad imor­Ci­leb­dnen. Tum­ca, ama­Si
mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i Ta­vad iy­vnen dam­na­Sa­ve. om­Si was­vlis Si­SiT maT
xar­ki da­id
­ es da xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­vas fu­lis ga­dax­das am­jo­
bi­neb­dnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma ma­Ti fu­liT ga­zar­des sa­ku­Ta­ri flo­ti,
am­bo­xe­bu­li mo­kav­Si­re ki oms sru­li­ad mo­um­za­de­be­li xvde­bo­da.
Sem­deg mdi­na­re ev­ri­me­don­tTan pam­fi­li­aS
­ i aTen­eleb­sa da
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs mo­u­wi­aT mi­di­e­leb­Tan brZo­la zRva­sa da xme­
leT­ze. ki­mo­nis sar­dlo­biT aTe­ne­leb­ma or­ma­gi ga­mar­jve­ba
mo­i­po­ves. maT xelT ig­des da ga­a­nad­gu­res fi­ni­ki­u­ri es­kad­ris
ora­sam­de tri­er
­ i. co­ta xnis Sem­deg aTe­ne­lebs Ta­so­si ga­nud­
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ga. maT uTan­xmo­e­ba Tra­ki­a­Si sa­vaW­ro pun­qte­bi­sa da oq­ros
sa­ba­do­e­bis ga­mo mo­u­vi­daT. aTe­ne­leb­ma Ta­so­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg
es­kad­ra gag­zav­nes, sazR­vao brZo­la­Si ga­i­mar­jves da kun­Zul­ze
ga­das­xdnen. imav­dro­u­lad Tra­ki­a­Si, stri­mon­Si maT aTi aTa­
si ko­lo­nis­ti gag­zav­nes aTe­ni­dan da mo­kav­Si­re qvey­ne­bi­dan.
ko­lo­nis­teb­ma da­i­ka­ves da­sax­le­ba, ro­mel­sac dRes am­fi­po­li­si
hqvi­a, mag­ram qvey­nis siR­rme­Si ver Searwies, rad­gan Tra­ki­el­
Ta ga­er­Tia­ne­bul Za­leb­Tan da­mar­cxdnen.
ram­de­ni­me mar­cxis Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bis mi­er al­ya­Se­mor­
tymul­ma Ta­so­se­leb­ma Sve­la la­ke­de­mons sTxo­ves. la­ke­de­
mo­ne­leb­ma maT aTe­nel­Ta­gan fa­ru­li dax­ma­re­ba aRuT­qves da
ati­ka­Si Se­saW­re­lad moem­zad­nen, mag­ram es laS­qro­ba spar­ta­
Si mom­xdar­ma mi­wis­Zvram Ca­Sa­la. am dros Tu­ri­a­sa da efe­a­Si
ajan­ydnen spar­tel­Ta mi­er odes­Rac dapy­ro­bil me­se­ni­el­
Ta mem­kvid­re ilo­te­bi da pe­ri­e­ke­bi, maT iTo­me da­i­ka­ves. ase
da­iwyo omi la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta da me­se­ni­el­Ta So­ris. Ta­so­se­le­bi
ki al­yis me­sa­me wels da­neb­dnen aTens. maT mo­u­wi­aT ga­lav­nis
moS­la, xo­mal­de­bis ga­da­ce­ma da fu­la­di kon­tri­bu­ci­is ga­dax­
da, ag­reT­ve da­ek­ is­raT xar­ki, Ca­mo­er­TvaT sa­ba­do­e­bi da yve­la
sam­flo­be­lo ma­te­rik­ze.
rad­gan omi iTo­me­ze ga­Wi­a­nur­da, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­kav­
Si­re­ebs ux­mes, maT So­ris, aTe­ne­leb­sac. aTe­ne­leb­ma di­di
raz­mi gag­zav­nes ki­mo­nis sar­dlo­biT. mag­ram am ci­xe­si­mag­res
maT ve­ra­fe­ri mo­ux
­ er­xes. pir­ve­lad aq gam­JRav­nda uTan­xmo­e­ba
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta da aTe­nel­Ta So­ris. rad­gan qa­la­qi ver ai­Res,
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs Se­e­Sin­daT, aTe­ne­lebs ajan­ye­bu­leb­Tan ar
epovaT sa­er­To ena da isi­ni da­iTx­o­ves. eW­vi aS­ka­rad ar ga­mo­
uT­qvamT, mxo­lod is ga­nucx­a­des, rom ma­Ti dax­ma­re­ba sa­Wi­ro
aRar iyo. aTe­ne­le­bi aRaS­fo­Ta am un­dob­lo­bam. Sin dab­ru­ne­bis
Sem­deg maT da­ar­Rvi­es kav­Si­ri, ro­me­lic mi­diel­Tan sab­rZol­
ve­lad hqon­daT da­de­bu­li da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mtrebs, ar­go­se­
lebs da­u­kav­Sir­dnen (Sem­dgom­Si maT Te­sa­li­e­le­bic mi­em­xrnen).
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me­se­ni­e­leb­ma iTo­mes dac­va ve­Rar SeZ­les da al­yis me­a­
Te wels la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan Se­Tan­xme­ba da­des. maT mi­i­Res
pe­lo­po­ne­sis da­to­ve­bis uf­le­ba im pi­ro­biT, rom aRa­ras­dros
dab­run­de­bod­nen. aTe­ne­leb­ma ltol­vi­li me­se­ni­el
­ e­bi lok­re­
bi­saT­vis war­Tme­ul nav­paq­tos­Si da­a­sax­les. ko­rin­Te­leb­Tan
sa­sazR­vro kon­fliq­tis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ga­nud­gnen
da aTe­nis kav­Sirs Se­ue
­ r­Tdnen me­ga­re­le­bic. aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­
ka­ves me­ga­ra, au­Se­nes mas grZe­li ked­le­bi qa­la­qi­dan ni­se­am­de
da iq gar­ni­zo­ni Ca­ay
­ e­nes. aqe­dan mo­dis SuR­li ko­rin­Te­leb­sa
da aTe­ne­lebs So­ris.
ma­Sin li­bi­e­li ina­ro­si, fsa­me­ti­qo­sis Ze au­jan­yda ar­taqser­
qses. ajan­ye­bam eg­vip­tis di­di na­wi­li mo­ic­va. inar­ma dax­ma­re­bi­
saT­vis aTe­ne­lebs mi­mar­Ta. aTe­ne­le­bi am dros ora­si xo­mal­diT
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad kvip­ro­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg laS­qrob­dnen.
maT da­to­ves kvip­ro­si da eg­vip­tes mi­a­Su­res, da­uy­vnen ni­loss,
da­ik
­ a­ves mem­fi­sis ori me­sa­me­di da Tavs da­es­xnen me­sa­mes, e.w.
TeTr ke­dels, sa­dac spar­se­le­bi da me­fis er­Tgu­li eg­vip­te­
le­bi iy­vnen ga­mag­re­bu­li.
ga­li­el­Ta ol­qSi aTe­ne­lebs brZo­la mo­ux­daT ko­rin­Te­leb­
Tan da epi­dav­re­leb­Tan. ga­i­mar­jves ko­rin­Te­leb­ma. Sem­deg aTe­
ne­le­bi ker­ki­fa­li­as­Tan pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ras Sex­vdnen da
sZli­es. am om­Si ori­ve mxri­dan mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ ic mo­na­wi­le­ob­dnen.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­i­mar­jves da mtris sa­moc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di Ca­ig­des
xelT. le­ok­ra­te­sis sar­dlo­biT maT qa­laqs al­ya Se­mo­ar­tyes.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma egi­nel­Ta da­sax­ma­reb­lad sa­ma­si hop­li­
ti gag­zav­nes. ko­rin­Te­le­bi me­ga­ris mxa­re­Sic Se­iW­rnen. maT
ime­di hqon­daT, rom aTe­ni me­ga­ras ver da­ex­ma­re­bo­da, rad­gan
mi­si ja­ris di­di na­wi­li eg­vip­te­sa da egi­na­Si iyo. aTe­ne­leb­
ma ma­inc Sek­ri­bes axa­li raz­mi da mi­ro­ni­de­sis sar­dlo­biT
me­ga­ra­Si gag­zav­nes. brZo­laSi arc erT mxa­res ar uc­vnia Ta­vi
da­mar­cxe­bu­lad. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes,
Sin dab­ru­ne­bul ko­rin­Te­lebs ki mo­xu­ce­bi say­ve­du­ri­Ta da
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da­cin­viT dax­vdnen. ami­tom Tor­me­ti dRis Sem­deg maT kvlav
ais­xes ia­ra­Ri, brZo­lis vel­ze dab­run­dnen da ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes. ma­Sin aTe­ne­le­bi mo­u­lod­ne­lad da­es­xnen maT
Tavs da da­a­mar­cxes.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ukan da­i­xi­es. erT razms gza aeb­na da Cix­Si
aR­moC­nda. aTe­ne­leb­ma isi­ni mo­im­wyvdi­es da qve­biT Ca­qo­les.
ko­rin­Tel­TaT­vis es sas­ti­ki mar­cxi iyo, Tum­ca laS­qris di­di
na­wi­li uv­neb­lad dab­run­da Sin.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ama­ve dros aTe­ne­leb­ma da­iwy­es grZe­li ked­
le­bis mSe­neb­lo­ba zRvam­de, ro­gorc fa­le­ro­sis nav­sad­gu­ris,
ase­ve pi­re­o­sis mi­mar­Tu­le­biT. fo­ke­el
­ e­bi Se­iW­rnen do­ris­Si,
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta Zvel sam­Sob­lo­Si. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ni­ko­me­de­
sis, kle­om­bro­to­sis Zis sar­dlo­biT do­ri­e­lebs aTas xu­Ta­si
hop­li­ti da aTi aTa­si mo­kav­Si­re mi­aS­ve­les. mas Sem­deg, rac
fo­ke­e­lebs sZli­es da da­u­zav­dnen, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi be­o­ti­a­Si
Se­yov­ndnen. ukan da­sab­ru­ne­bel gzebs zRva­zec da xme­leT­zec
aTe­ne­le­bi akon­tro­leb­dnen. gar­da ami­sa, zo­gi aTe­ne­li aqe­
zeb­da maT aTen­Si de­mok­ra­ti­is da­mx
­ o­bisa da ked­le­bis mSe­neb­
lo­bis Ca­S­lisken. ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­le­bi ar­go­se­leb­Tan da sxva
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad (sul ToTx­me­ti aTa­si ka­ci) da­iZ­rnen
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg. xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, maT
da­sax­ma­reb­lad ga­mocx­ad­da Te­sa­li­el­Ta mxed­ro­bac, ro­me­lic
brZo­la­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis mxa­re­ze ga­da­vi­da.
be­o­ti­a­Si, ta­nag­ras­Tan brZo­la­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­­i­
mar­jves (Tum­ca ori­ve mxri­dan di­di msxver­pli iyo). Sem­deg
maT mo­a­ox­res me­ga­ris mxa­re da Sin dab­run­dnen. brZo­li­dan
sa­moc­da­o­ri dRis Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bi mi­ro­ni­de­sis sar­dlo­
biT Se­iW­rnen be­o­ti­a­Si, da­a­mar­cxes mte­ri da mTe­li be­o­tia
da fo­ki­si da­i­mor­Ci­les. maT mo­ar­Rvi­es tanag­ris ked­le­bi
da mZev­le­bi aiy­va­nes. ma­le egi­nac da­neb­da aTe­ne­lebs. ma­Tac
mo­u­wi­aT ked­le­bis moS­la da aTe­nel­TaT­vis xo­mal­de­bi­sa da
xar­kis mi­ce­ma. aTe­nis es­kad­ram tol­mi­de­sis sar­dlo­biT Se­mo­
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u­a­ra pe­lo­po­ness, daw­va la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta gem­Tsa­Se­ni, da­i­ka­va
ko­rin­Tel­Ta qa­la­qi qal­ki­da da da­a­mar­cxa si­ki­o­ne­le­bi.
eg­vip­te­Si omi gar­da­ma­va­li war­ma­te­biT mi­di­o­da. Ta­vi­dan
aTe­ne­leb­ma mTe­li eg­vip­te da­i­mor­Ci­les. Sem­deg spar­se­Tis
me­fem la­ke­de­mon­Si gag­zav­na me­ga­bi­Zo­si di­di fu­liT, ra­Ta
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ati­ka­Si SeW­ri­liy­vnen da aTe­ne­le­bi eg­vip­tes
dax­snod­nen. el­Co­ba uSe­de­go aR­moC­nda, fu­li tyu­i­lad da­i­xar­
ja. ma­Sin me­fem me­ga­bi­Zo­si di­di laS­qriT gag­zav­na eg­vip­te­Si.
man da­a­mar­cxa eg­vip­te­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, gan­dev­na eli­
ne­bi mem­fi­si­dan da kun­Zul pro­so­pi­tis­ze ga­mo­ke­ta. kun­Zu­li
we­li­wad-­na­xe­va­ri iyo al­ya­Si. bo­los me­ga­bi­Zos­ma ar­xi da­aS­ro,
elin­Ta xo­mal­de­bi mSral­ze da­to­va da kun­Zu­li xelT ig­do.
ase ube­du­rad das­rul­da elin­Ta laS­qro­ba eq­vswli­a­ni omis
Sem­deg. meb­rZol­Ta­gan co­ta Tu ga­dar­Ca. am­ri­gad, ni­lo­sis
del­tis Wa­o­beb­Si mde­ba­re me­fe amir­te­o­sis sam­flo­be­los
gar­da eg­vip­te kvlav spar­selebis iyo. spar­se­leb­ma li­bi­e­li
ina­ro­si Ra­la­tiT Ca­ig­des xelT da jvars ac­ves. aTe­ne­leb­ma
amis Se­sa­xeb ara­fe­ri icod­nen da or­moc­da­a­Ti tri­e­ri ki­dev
gag­zav­nes eg­vip­te­Si, ra­Ta iq myofT Ca­nac­vle­bod­nen. ni­lo­sis
Se­sar­Tav­Tan maT Tavs da­es­xa spar­sel­Ta qve­iT
­ i ja­ri da fi­ni­
ki­u­ri es­kad­ra. aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis di­di na­wi­li da­i­Ru­pa.
Te­sa­li­i­dan gan­dev­nil­ma uf­lis­wul­ma ores­tes­ma aTe­ne­
le­bi da­ar­wmu­na, sam­Sob­lo­Si dab­ru­ne­bu­liy­vnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma
be­o­ti­el
­ eb­Tan da fo­ke­e­leb­Tan er­Tad ga­i­laS­qres, far­sa­loss
al­ya Se­mo­ar­tyes, mag­ram qa­la­qis aRe­ba ver mo­a­xer­xes da ukan
dab­run­dnen. co­ta xnis Sem­deg aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra pe­rik­lesis,
qsan­ti­po­sis Zis sar­dlo­biT si­ki­o­nis sa­na­pi­ros mi­ad­ga. aTe­
ne­leb­ma sZli­es si­ki­o­ne­lebs, Sem­deg ki aqe­e­le­bis dam­xma­re
raz­mTan er­Tad akar­na­ni­a­Si ga­da­vid­nen da oi­ni­a­das Se­mo­ar­
tyes al­ya. qa­la­qi ver ai­Res da Sin xel­ca­ri­e­li dab­run­dnen.
sa­mi wlis Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma aTe­ne­leb­Tan xuT­wli­an­ i
za­vi da­des. maT Sewy­vi­tes omi ela­da­Si da ki­mo­nis sar­dlo­biT
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ora­si xo­mal­diT kvip­ro­sis­ken ga­eS
­ urnen. sa­mo­ci xomaldi
amir­te­o­sis da­sax­ma­reb­lad eg­vipte­Si wa­vi­da, da­nar­Ce­neb­ma ki
ki­ti­os
­ is al­ya da­iwy­o. ki­mo­nis sik­vdi­lis Sem­deg maT sur­sa­Ti
ga­u­Tav­daT da ukan da­xe­va mo­uw
­ i­aT. Sem­deg sa­la­mi­ni­dan kvip­
ro­sis­ken gas­wi­es, sa­dac er­Tdro­u­lad zRva­sa da xme­leT­ze
fi­ni­ki­e­lebs, ki­li­ki­el
­ eb­sa da kvip­ro­se­lebs sZli­es. Sem­deg
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da­iwy­es e.w. wmin­da omi. maT da­i­ka­ves del­fos
sa­mis­no da del­foe­lebs ga­das­ces igi. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta was­vlis
Sem­deg aTe­nel­Ta laS­qar­ma sam­loc­ve­lo fo­ke­e­lebs da­ub­ru­na.
gar­kve­u­li dro­is Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma tol­mi­de­sis sar­dlo­
biT aTa­si hop­li­ti da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta raz­me­bi gag­zav­nes be­ot
­ i­el
dev­nil­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg, rom­leb­mac or­qo­me­no­si, qe­ro­nea da
be­o­ti­is zo­gi sxva qa­la­qi da­i­ka­ves. maT ai­Res qe­ro­ne­a, mo­sax­
le­o­ba mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des da Sin brun­de­bod­nen. maT or­qo­me­no­si­
dan Tavs da­es­xnen be­o­ti­e­li dev­ni­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi.
aTe­ne­le­bi da­mar­cxdnen, bev­ri da­i­Ru­pa an tyved Ca­var­da.
aTe­ne­lebs be­o­ti­is da­to­ve­ba mo­ux­daT, mxo­lod tyve­e­bis
dab­ru­ne­ba mo­a­xer­xes.
Sem­deg aTens ev­bea ga­nud­ga. aTe­nel­Ta ja­ri pe­rik­lesis
sar­dlo­biT uk­ve ga­da­su­li iyo kun­Zul­ze, ro­ca mo­vi­da cno­ba
me­ga­ra­Si ajan­ye­bis Se­sa­xeb. me­ga­re­leb­ma amo­xo­ces aTe­nel­Ta
gar­ni­zo­ni da saS­ve­lad pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs mi­mar­Tes. la­ke­de­
mo­nel­Ta me­fis ple­is­to­an
­ aq­sis sar­dlo­biT pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi
ati­ka­Si Se­iW­rnen da elev­si­nam­de mi­aR­wi­es, mag­ram Sem­deg ukan
gab­run­dnen. ma­Sin pe­rik­lesma kvlav ga­i­laS­qra ev­be­a­ze da mTe­li
kun­Zu­li da­im­ or­Ci­la. maT yve­la qve­ya­na­Si sa­sur­ve­li sa­xel­mwi­
fo wyo­ba da­am­ya­res, mxo­lod hes­ti­le­bi gan­dev­nes da maT mi­was
Tvi­Ton da­e­pat­ro­nen.
ev­be­a­dan dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan
da maT mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan oc­da­aT­wli­a­ni za­vi da­des, daT­mes sam­
flo­be­lo­e­bic pe­lo­po­nes­Si: ni­sa­i­a, pe­ga, tro­iZe­ne da aqa­i­a.
eq­vsi wlis Sem­deg sa­mos­sa da mi­le­toss omi hqon­daT pri­e­nes
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ga­mo. ro­de­sac mi­le­te­lebs saq­me cu­dad wa­u­vi­daT, aTe­ne­lebs
sTxo­ves dax­ma­re­ba. sa­mos­zec iy­vnen po­li­ti­kur cvli­le­ba­Ta
mom­xre­e­bi. ami­tom aTe­ne­leb­ma or­mo­ci xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes
sa­mos­ze, iq de­mok­ra­ti­a da­am­ya­res, mZev­le­bi wa­iy­va­nes, kun­
Zul­ze ki gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­ves. zo­gi sa­mo­se­li sar­dSi ga­iq­ca.
ad­gi­lob­ri­vi war­Ci­ne­bu­le­bi­sa da sat­ra­pis dax­ma­re­biT maT
mo­u­lod­ne­lad gad­mos­xes Svi­da­si ka­ci sa­mos­ze. jer de­mok­
ra­ti­ul mTav­ro­bas ga­us­wor­dnen da lem­no­si­dan mZev­le­bi
da­ab­ru­nes, daty­ve­ve­bu­li aTe­ne­le­bi ki spar­se­lebs ga­das­ces.
ima­ve dros ajan­ydnen bi­zan­ti­o­ne­le­bic.
es rom Seityves, aTe­ne­le­bi sa­mo­ci xo­mal­diT ga­e­Sur­
nen sa­mo­sis­ken. maT Teq­vsme­ti xo­mal­di ka­ri­a­Si fi­ni­ki­el­Ta
es­kad­ris saT­val­Tva­lod da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta mo­sa­zi­dad ga­moy­ves,
da­nar­Ce­ni or­moc­da­oTxi ki pe­rik­lesis sar­dlobiT Se­eb­rZo­la
sa­mo­sel­Ta sa­moc­da­aT gems. ga­i­mar­jves aTe­ne­leb­ma. maS­ve­li
Za­lis (a­Te­ni­dan or­mo­ci, qi­o­si­dan da les­bo­si­dan oc­da­xu­Ti
xo­mal­dis) mos­vlis Sem­deg isi­ni sa­mos­ze ga­das­xdnen, sax­me­
le­To brZo­la­Sic sZli­es mters da qa­laqs al­ya Se­mo­ar­tyes.
am dros pe­rik­lesma mi­i­Ro cno­ba fi­ni­ki­u­ri es­kad­ris mo­ax­
lo­e­bis Se­sa­xeb da mis wi­na­aR­mdeg sa­mo­ci xo­mal­diT ga­em
­ ar­Ta.
sa­mo­se­le­bi mo­u­lod­ne­lad da­es­xnen Tavs aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­
ris sadgoms, ga­i­mar­jves da dro­e­biT aRad­gi­nes kon­tro­li
zRva­ze. pe­rik­lesis dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg sa­mo­sis blo­ka­da ga­nax­
lda. aTe­ni­dan ki­dev sa­mo­ci, xo­lo qi­o­si­dan da les­bo­si­dan
oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di mo­aS­ve­les. sa­mo­se­leb­ma ki­dev er­Txel
ga­ib­rZo­les da al­yis mecx­re Tve­ze da­neb­dnen aTe­ne­lebs. maT
ked­le­bis mor­Rve­va, mZev­le­bi­sa da ge­me­bis ga­da­ce­ma da omis
xar­je­bis anazR­a­u­re­ba mouxdaT. bi­zan­ti­o­ne­le­bic da­mor­
Cil­dnen da Zve­le­bu­rad aTe­nel­Ta qve­Sev­rdo­me­bad dar­Cnen.
ram­de­ni­me wlis Sem­deg mox­da ze­moT x­se­n­eb
­ u­li kon­fliq­
te­bi ker­ki­ra­ze da poteidaia­Si. es ome­bi elin­Ta So­ris da
bar­ba­ros­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg da­ax­lo­e­biT or­moc­da­a­Ti wlis man­
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Zil­ze war­mo­eb­da, qser­qses ela­di­dan was­vla­sa da ax­lan­del
oms So­ris. am periodSi aTe­ne­leb­ma udi­des Zli­e­re­bas mi­aR­
wi­es. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi xe­dav­dnen aTe­nis Za­la­uf­le­bis zrdas,
mag­ram ar uS­lid­nen xels da sim­Svi­des inar­Cu­neb­dnen. isi­ni
au­ci­le­be­li sa­Wi­ro­e­bis ga­re­Se ar iwy­eb­dnen oms, uf­ro Si­na­
o­miT iy­vnen da­ka­ve­bu­li. ro­de­sac aTen­ma aS­ka­ra upi­ra­te­so­bas
mi­aR­wia da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze Tav­das­xma ga­be­da,
amis moT­me­na maT aRar Se­eZ­loT da ga­dawy­vi­tes, mte­ri Se­e­
mus­raT. ma­Ti az­riT, za­vi aTe­ne­leb­ma da­ar­Rvi­es, mag­ram ma­inc
gag­zav­nes el­Co­ba del­fo­Si da RmerTs hkiTx­es, da­ewy­oT omi Tu
ara. Rmer­Tma, ro­gorc am­bo­ben, ase upa­su­xa: Tu mTe­li Za­liT
io­mebT, ga­i­mar­jvebT, me ki TqvenTan viq­ne­bi.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma Sek­ri­bes mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, ra­Ta ken­Wis­yra
moewyoT. um­rav­le­so­ba aTe­ne­lebs uCi­o­da da omis dawy­e­bas
iTx­ov­da. bo­los ko­rin­Te­le­bi ga­mo­vid­nen:
`mo­kav­Si­re­e­bo, Cven ve­Rar vu­say­ve­du­rebT la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs,
rad­gan maT uk­ve ga­dawy­vi­tes omi da Cvenc amis­Tvis Seg­vkri­bes.
be­la­debs xom mar­TebT sa­er­To saq­me­ze zrun­va. vinc aTe­ne­
lebs kar­gad vic­nobT, dar­wmu­ne­ba ar gvWir­de­ba, mag­ram vinc
zRvis­gan mo­So­re­biT xme­leT­ze cxov­robs, man un­da ico­des,
rom sa­qon­lis ga­ta­na-Se­mo­tanas gair­Tu­lebs, Tu sa­na­pi­ro
qvey­nebs ax­la ar da­ic
­ avs. ami­tom ar un­da ifiq­ron, TiT­qos gan­
sa­xil­ve­li sa­kiTxi maT ar exe­ba, da omi un­da air­Ci­on. go­ni­er
­ i
xal­xi, sa­nam maT ar Se­a­wu­xe­ben, mSvi­do­bas ar­Cevs. Rir­se­u­li
ki, Tu mi­si uf­le­be­bi da­ir­Rva io­mebs, ra­Ta ga­mar­jve­bul­ma
mSvi­do­ba aRid­gi­nos. is ar es­wraf­vis sam­xed­ro war­ma­te­bebs,
mag­ram arc Tavs da­i­Cag­ravs mSvi­do­bi­sa Se­sa­nar­Cu­neb­lad.
vinc oms ga­ur­bis mSvi­di cxov­re­bis xaT­riT, pir­ve­li da­kar­
gavs mos­ve­ne­bas, xo­lo vinc sam­xed­ro war­ma­te­be­biT ama­yobs,
ugu­nur­ma si­ma­ma­cem Se­iZ­le­ba Se­ac­di­nos. mar­Ta­li­a, zog­jer
ugu­nu­ri geg­ma amar­Tlebs, sa­u­ke­Te­so Ca­na­fiqrs ki mar­cxis­ken
miv­ya­varT. yve­la­fers ver gaT­vli.
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ax­la Cven sa­mar­Tli­an oms viwy­ebT da aTe­ne­lebs rom ga­vus­
wor­de­biT, kvlav dav­debT ia­raRs. Cve­ni ga­mar­jve­ba sav­se­biT
mo­sa­lod­ne­li­a. Cvens mxa­re­saa ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­ba da
sab­rZo­lo ga­moc­di­le­ba. flots na­wi­lob­riv mo­kav­Si­re­Ta,
na­wi­lob­riv del­fo­sa da olim­pi­is taZ­re­bis sax­sre­biT ava­
gebT. ma­Ra­li anazR­au
­ r
­ e­biT maT da­qi­ra­ve­bul mezR­va­u­reb­sac
gad­mo­vi­bi­rebT. aTe­ne­lebs xom mo­qi­rav­ne me­ti hyavT jar­Si,
vid­re mo­qa­la­qe. Cve­ni laS­qris Za­la ki xal­xia da ara fu­li.
Cve­ni pir­ve­li sazR­vao ga­mar­jve­bis­Ta­na­ve aTe­ne­le­bi dag­vneb­
de­bi­an. Tu gag­vi­Za­li­an­de­bi­an, Cven Tan­da­Ta­no­biT da­ve­we­viT
maT sazR­vao saq­me­Si da Cve­ni si­ma­ma­ciT va­jo­bebT ki­dec. si­ma­
ma­ce Tan­da­yo­li­li gvaqvs, isi­ni amas ver is­wav­li­an, xe­lo­bas
ki var­ji­SiT da­ve­uf­le­biT. omi­saT­vis sa­Wi­ro sax­srebs, cxa­
di­a, vi­po­viT. ga­na da­saS­ve­bi­a, aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma ixa­don
xar­ki, ro­me­lic maT sa­bo­loo da­mo­ne­bas xmar­de­ba, Cven ki ar
ga­vi­RoT fu­li mtris da­sas­je­lad da sa­ku­Ta­ri si­cocx­lis
ga­da­sar­Ce­nad.
omis sxva sa­Su­a­le­bac gvaqvs. aTe­ne­lebs mo­kav­Si­re­ebs avu­
jan­yebT da amiT Se­mo­sa­vals mo­vak­lebT, an maT mi­wa­ze si­mag­
re­ebs ava­gebT. yve­la­fers ax­la ver ga­viT­va­lis­wi­nebT, omi
Tvi­Ton gvi­kar­na­xebs. saq­me rom Ta­nas­wor me­zo­bel­Ta So­ris
sa­sazR­vro da­vas exe­bo­des, ki­dev Se­iZ­le­bo­da moT­me­na. mag­
ram aTe­ne­le­bi Za­liT mTel Cven kav­Sirs ar Ca­mo­u­var­de­bi­an.
ami­tom, Tu er­Tsu­lov­nad ar Se­vu­tevT, cal­-cal­ke yve­las
dag­va­mar­cxe­ben. es ki mo­no­bis tol­fa­si iq­ne­ba. am­den­ma qve­ya­
nam er­Tis­gan ar un­da iT­mi­nos dam­ci­re­ba. Tu amas da­vuS­vebT,
ifiq­re­ben, rom sa­mar­Tli­a­nad vis­je­biT an laC­re­bi varT.
ela­dis gan­ma­Ta­vi­suf­le­bel­Ta Svi­lebs ar ekad­re­baT, erT
qve­ya­nas da­mor­Cil­dnen.
mim­di­na­re saq­me­eb
­ is gar­da mo­ma­val­zec un­da vi­fiq­roT. dRes
Tu Cvens ma­meb­ze co­ta uf­ro mdid­re­bi varT da meti Seg­viZ­li­a,
ar ivar­gebs, ga­Wir­ve­biT mo­po­ve­bu­li ax­la dav­kar­goT. Ta­ma­
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mad da­viwy­oT omi, Rmer­Tmac Ta­nad­go­ma aR­gviT­qva, da­nar­Ce­ni
ela­dac Si­SiT an ga­mor­Ce­nis ime­diT Cven­Tan iq­ne­ba. Tan Cven
arc var­RvevT xel­Sek­ru­le­bas (Rmer­Ti mas uk­ve dar­Rve­u­lad
mi­iC­nevs), Cven mSvi­do­bas vi­cavT.
Cven omi­saT­vis sa­uk
­ e­Te­so Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi gvaqvs da mo­gi­
wo­debT, er­Tsu­lov­nad uya­roT ken­Wi am ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bas.
da­vex­ma­roT po­tei­dai­el
­ ebs, isi­nic xom do­ri­e­le­bi ari­an, da
ga­va­Ta­vi­suf­loT sxva qvey­ne­bi. nu Se­ge­Sin­de­baT omis, igi Cven
mtki­ce mSvi­do­bas mog­vi­tans.~
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta ga­mos­vle­bis mos­me­nis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­
ma ken­Wis­yra mo­awyv­es. did­sa da pa­ta­ras Ta­na­ba­ri xma hqon­da.
um­rav­le­so­bam oms da­u­Wi­ra mxa­ri. mag­ram pe­lo­po­ne­se­li mo­kav­
Si­re­eb
­ i omi­saT­vis mzad ar iy­vnen da ki­dev TiT­qmis we­li­wa­di
das­Wir­daT, sa­nam ati­ka­Si Se­iW­re­bod­nen da sa­o­mar moq­me­de­bebs
ga­a­Ca­Reb­dnen.
ma­nam­de ki la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma isev gag­zav­nes el­Ce­bi aTenSi
sa­Civ­re­biT, ra­Ta ua­ris Sem­Txve­va­Si omi­saT­vis da­mate­bi­Ti sa­ba­
bi hqo­no­daT. pir­vel rig­Si, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi iTx­ov­dnen qa­la­qis
gaw­men­das qal­Rmer­Tis taZ­ris mi­marT Ca­de­ni­li cod­vi­sa­gan. es
cod­va ki Sem­deg­s gulisxmobda. Zve­lad aTen­Si cxov­rob­da vin­me
ki­lo­ni, olim­pi­o­ni­ki, gav­le­ni­a­ni ka­ci da war­Ci­ne­bu­li gva­ris
Svi­li. man mom­xre­eb­Tan er­Tad ak­ro­po­li­si da­i­ka­va, ra­Ta ti­ra­
ni gam­xda­ri­yo. xal­xma al­ya Se­mo­ar­tya ak­ro­po­liss. ki­lo­ni da
mi­si Zma ga­iq­cnen, maT­ma mom­xre­eb­ma ki ta­Zars Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi.
gu­Sa­geb­ma maT uv­neb­lad gaS­ve­ba aRuT­qves, mag­ram ga­mo­vid­nen
Tu ara, iq­ve da­xo­ces. am cod­vis mo­na­wi­le­eb
­ i Se­aC­ve­nes da qvey­
ni­dan gan­dev­nes. mog­vi­a­ne­biT zo­gi maT­ga­ni dab­run­da da ma­Ti
STa­mo­mav­le­bi dRe­sac qa­laq­Si cxov­ro­ben.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma swo­red am cod­vil­Ta gan­dev­na mo­iTx­o­ves,
ra­Ta Rmer­Te­bis gu­li mo­e­goT, Ta­nac icod­nen, rom pe­rik­lesi
de­dis mxri­dan cod­vilT ena­Te­sa­ve­bo­da. ma­Ti az­riT, pe­rik­
lesis ga­re­Se aTe­ne­lebs uf­ro io­lad sZlev­dnen. pe­rik­lesis
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gan­dev­nis ime­di arc hqon­daT, magram imedovnebdnen, rom am
gziT mi­s mdgo­ma­re­o­bas Sear­yevdnen da mi­s war­mo­mav­lo­bas
omis mi­ze­zad aqcevdnen. mar­Tlac, pe­rik­lesi ma­Sin yve­la­ze
gav­le­ni­a­ni pi­ri da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta da­u­Zi­ne­be­li mte­ri iyo.
is aram­cTu wi­na­aR­mde­gi iyo daT­mo­bi­sa, ara­med omis­ken aqe­
zeb­da aTe­ne­lebs.
Ta­vis mxriv, aTe­ne­leb­mac mos­Txo­ves la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs cod­
vis­gan gan­wmen­da da cod­vil­Ta gan­dev­na.­ Tur­me, er­Txel la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­mo­ity­ue­ s po­se­i­do­nis sam­loc­ve­los Se­fa­re­bu­
li ilo­te­bi da ve­ra­gu­lad amo­xo­ces. es mkre­xe­lo­ba iT­vle­bo­
da spar­tis di­di mi­wis­Zvris mi­ze­zad. aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­iTx­o­ves
aTe­nas wi­na­Se Ca­de­ni­li cod­vi­sa­gan gan­wmen­dac. saq­me ase iyo.
pav­sa­ni­as
­ is mTa­var­sar­dlo­bi­dan pir­ve­lad gaw­ve­vis Sem­deg
sa­sa­mar­Tlom igi ga­a­mar­Tla, mag­ram Ta­nam­de­bo­ba mis­Tvis aRar
da­ub­ru­ne­bi­aT. pav­sa­ni­asma Tvi­Ton aR­Wur­va her­mi­o­nel­Ta
tri­e­ri da he­les­pon­tSi dab­run­da vi­Tom eli­nu­ri saq­mis­Tvis
sab­rZol­ve­lad, si­nam­dvi­le­Si ki spar­se­Tis me­fes­Tan mo­la­
pa­ra­ke­be­bis gag­rZe­le­ba sur­da. spar­se­leb­Tan da­ax­lo­e­bis
pir­ve­li na­bi­ji man ma­Sin ga­dad­ga, ro­de­sac me­fes bi­zan­ti­o­nis
aRe­bi­sas tyved Ca­var­dni­li na­Te­sa­ve­bi da­ub­ru­na. man saq­me ise
mo­awy­o, TiT­qos tyve­e­bi ga­iq­cnen, xo­lo me­fes, ro­gorc Sem­deg
ga­ir­kva, ase­Ti we­ri­li ga­ug­zav­na: “spar­tel­Ta wi­nam­ZRo­li pav­
sa­ni­a­si ke­Til­gan­wyo­bis niS­nad gib­ru­nebs tyve­ebs. me mzad var,
Se­vir­To Se­ni qa­liS­vi­li da da­gi­mor­Ci­lo spar­ta mTel da­nar­
Cen ela­das­Tan er­Tad. vfiq­rob, Sen­Tan erTad amas mo­va­xer­xeb.
Tu Cem­ma wi­na­da­de­bam da­ga­in­te­re­sa, san­do ka­ci ga­mo­mig­zav­ne
mo­sa­la­pa­ra­keb­lad.~
qser­qsem mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba das­ki­li­is sat­ra­pad da­niS­nul ar­ta­
ba­Zoss mi­an­do, pav­sa­ni­ass ki aRuT­qva, rom sa­er­To miz­ni­saT­vis
oq­ro-­vercxls ar da­i­Su­reb­da.
pav­sa­ni­as
­ i, ro­gorc pla­te­as­Tan brZo­lis mTa­var­sar­da­li,
elin­Ta di­di pa­ti­vis­ce­miT sar­geb­lob­da. me­fes­Tan daax­lo­e­bis
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Sem­deg ki sul ga­did­gul­da. fu­fu­ne­biT cxov­robda da aRarc
Ta­vis mis­wra­fe­bebs ma­lav­da. mas­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­ba garTu­lda.
swo­red amitom ga­da­vid­nen mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi aTe­nel­Ta mxa­re­s.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma, pav­sa­ni­a­sis saq­ci­e­lis Se­sa­xeb rom Se­ity­
ves, ma­Sin is pir­ve­lad ga­iw­vi­es. sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT dab­ru­ne­bu­li
aTe­ne­leb­ma aRar Se­uS­ves bi­zan­ti­on­Si. pav­sa­ni­a­si spar­ta­Si
aRar wa­su­la da bar­ba­ro­seb­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­ba ga­na­ax­la. ma­Sin
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma igi me­o­red ga­iw­vi­es. zed­me­ti eW­vi rom ar
aReZ­ra, pav­sa­ni­a­si da­mor­Cil­da da spar­ta­Si dab­run­da im ime­
diT, rom saq­mes mos­yid­viT mo­ag­va­reb­da. efo­reb­ma is jer
da­a­ka­ves (maT me­fis da­ka­ve­bis uf­le­bac ki hqon­daT), Sem­deg ki
ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­les sa­sa­mar­Tlo­ze ga­mocx­a­de­bis pi­ro­biT.
pav­sa­ni­a­sis da­na­Sa­ul
­ is sa­bu­Ti ar ar­se­bob­da, am­i­s ga­re­Se ki
me­fu­ri war­mo­mav­lo­bis kacs ver das­jid­nen. mag­­ram mi­si cxov­
re­bis wesi aC­ve­neb­da, rom is spar­tel­Ta kanonebs ar emor­Ci­
le­bo­da. ami­tom da­iwy­es mis ga­dac­do­ma­Ta ga­mo­Zi­e­ba. ga­ux­se­nes
isic, rom mi­di­u­ri na­dav­li­dan del­fo­saT­vis eli­ne­bis mi­er
Se­wi­rul sam­fex­ze man TviT­ne­bu­rad da­a­we­ra sa­ku­Ta­ri sa­xe­
li. es war­we­ra la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma wa­aS­le­vi­nes da zed yve­la im
qvey­nis sa­xe­li amoW­res, vinc bar­ba­ros­ze ga­mar­jve­bis niS­nad
es ZRve­ni ga­i­Ro. iZi­eb­dnen mis mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bebs he­lo­teb­Tan.
pav­sa­ni­a­si Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­sa da mo­qa­la­qe­o­bas sTa­va­zob­da maT,
Tu mis mxar­da­sa­We­rad ajan­yde­bod­nen. efo­re­bi ma­inc ar en­dnen
bo­lom­de vi­Rac he­lo­te­bis sity­vas da ar ga­mo­su­lan pav­sa­ni­a­
sis wi­na­aR­mdeg (i­si­ni sa­er­Tod eri­de­bod­nen spar­te­lis mi­marT
Se­uq­ce­va­di zo­me­bis mi­Re­bas uty­u­a­ri sa­bu­Te­bis ga­re­Se), sa­nam
igi mis­ma Sik­rik­ma ar gas­ca. es uka­nas­kne­li da­a­eW­va iman, rom
spar­se­leb­Tan gag­zav­ni­li arc er­Ti Sik­ri­ki ukan aRar mob­ru­
ne­bu­la, we­ri­li gax­sna da aR­mo­a­Ci­na mi­na­we­ri, rom­lis Ta­nax­
ma­dac igi un­da mo­ek­laT.
mxo­lod amis Sem­deg ir­wmu­nes efo­reb­ma pav­sa­ni­a­sis bra­li,
mag­ram aRiarebis uSu­a­lod mis­gan mos­me­na un­do­daT. ami­tom
57
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mo­awy­ves dam­smen­Tan mi­si pi­ris­pir Sex­ved­ra, Tvi­Ton ki fa­ru­
lad us­men­dnen.
am sa­ub­ris Sem­deg efo­reb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes pav­sa­ni­a­sis da­ka­
ve­ba. pav­sa­ni­a­si mix­vda, ra­sac upi­reb­dnen da Ta­vi aTe­nas sam­
loc­ve­los Se­a­fa­ra. efo­reb­ma Se­no­bas sa­xu­ra­vi axa­des da
ka­ri amo­qo­les, ga­reT ki gu­Sa­ge­bi da­u­ye­nes da da­e­lod­nen,
ro­dis ai­Zu­leb­da Sim­Si­li, rom da­ne­be­bu­li­yo. mo­mak­vda­vi
ga­reT ga­mo­iy­va­nes da man iq­ve ga­nu­te­va su­li. del­fos Rmer­
Tma la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ub­rZa­na mi­si dak­rZal­va gar­dac­va­le­bis
ad­gi­las da cod­vis ga­mo­sas­yi­dad qal­Rmer­Tis­Tvis brin­ja­os
ori qan­da­ke­bis Se­wir­va.
pav­sa­ni­a­sis sik­vdi­lis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ima­ve bral­
de­biT Temistoklesis das­jac mo­iTx­ov
­ es. aTe­ne­le­bi da­e­Tan­
xmnen da xal­xi gag­zav­nes os­tra­kizmiT gan­dev­ni­li Temis­
toklesis da­sa­ka­veb­lad.
Temistoklesma jer ker­ki­ra­ze sca­da Ta­vis Se­fa­re­ba, Sem­deg
mo­los­Ta me­fe ad­me­tos­Tan, bo­los iZu­le­bu­li gax­da spar­seT­Si
ga­dax­ve­wi­li­yo. azi­a­Si man Ta­vi­si sam­sa­xu­ri Ses­Ta­va­za tax­tze
ax­lad asul ar­taq­ser­qses.
me­fem, ro­gorc am­bo­ben, es wi­na­da­de­ba si­xa­ru­liT mi­iR
­ o
da Temistokless Ta­vi­suf­lad moq­me­de­bis ne­ba mis­ca. Temis­
toklesma Se­is­wav­la spar­su­li ena, wes­-Cve­ul
­ e­be­bi da er­Ti wlis
Sem­deg me­fes eax­la. man me­fis kar­ze ise­Ti ma­Ra­li mdgo­ma­re­o­ba
mo­i­po­va, rac arc erT sxva elins ar Rir­se­bi­a, na­wi­lob­riv mi­si
sa­xe­lis ga­mo, na­wi­lob­riv imi­tom, rom me­fes ela­dis da­mor­
Ci­le­bis ime­di mis­ca, Tumca, pir­vel rig­Si, araC­ve­ul
­ eb­ri­vi
Wku­is wya­lo­biT. mar­Tlac, is bu­ne­biT uaR­re­sad ni­Wi­er
­ i ka­ci
iyo da mi­si sxar­ti go­ne­ba nebismieri vi­Ta­re­bidan sa­u­ke­Te­so
ga­mo­sa­vals po­u­lobda. igi avad­myo­fo­biT gar­da­ic­va­la, Tum­ca
am­bo­ben, Ta­vi mo­ik­la, rad­gan me­fes da­na­pi­re­bi ver Se­us­ru­lao.
mi­si saf­la­vis qva mag­ne­si­a­Si­a, ro­me­lic me­fem mas sa­mar­Ta­vad
ga­das­ca, neS­ti ki na­Te­sa­veb­ma fa­ru­lad mi­ab
­ a­res ati­kis mi­was.
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ase aRes­ru­la Ta­vi­si dro­is ori ga­mo­Ce­ni­li eli­ni – la­ke­de­
mo­ne­li pav­sa­ni­a­si da aTe­ne­li Temistoklesi.
am­gva­rad, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­iTx­ov
­ es cod­vil­Ta gan­dev­
na da aTe­nel­Ta­ga­nac igi­ve moTx­ov­na mi­iR
­ es. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
el­Co­ba aseve iTx­ov­da poteidaias al­yis mox­snas, egi­nis Ta­vi­
suf­le­bas da me­ga­ri­saT­vis sa­vaW­ro Sez­Rud­ve­bis ga­uq­me­bas.
aTe­ne­leb­ma es wi­na­da­de­be­bi ar mi­i­Res. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta bo­lo
el­Co­bam Zve­li moTx­ov­ne­bi aRar ga­ix­se­na da erTs da­sjer­da:
`o­mi ar iq­ne­ba, Tu Tqven elin­Ta da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­bas scnobT.~
ma­Sin aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­bo­loo ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis misaRebad sa­xal­
xo kre­ba mo­iw­vi­es. ora­tor­Ta az­re­bi ga­i­yo. ma­Sin ga­mo­Ce­nil­ma
ora­tor­ma da sa­xel­mwi­fo moR­va­wem, pir­vel­ma kac­ma aTen­Si,
pe­rik­lesma Sek­re­bilT ase mi­mar­Ta:
`aTe­ne­le­bo, Ce­mi az­riT, ar Rirs pe­lo­po­ne­sel­TaT­vis daT­
mo­ba, Tum­ca vi­ci, rom omis dawy­e­bis ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­ba
uf­ro io­li­a, vid­re omis war­mo­e­ba, da gan­wyo­ba Se­ic­vle­ba
imis mi­xed­viT, be­di vis ga­u­Ri­mebs. ax­lac igi­ve, an TiT­qmis
igi­ve un­da gir­Ci­oT, rac ad­re. sa­mar­Tli­a­ni iq­ne­ba, Tu vinc
da­e­Tan­xme­ba sa­er­To ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bas, mxars da­u­Wers mas
wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis Sem­Txve­va­Sic ki, xo­lo ga­mar­jve­bas sa­ku­Tar
gam­Wri­a­xo­bas ar mi­a­wers. mov­le­na­Ta gan­vi­Ta­re­bis gan­Wvre­ta
xom ise­ve Se­uZ­le­be­li­a, ro­gorc az­re­bis kiTx­va. ami­tom ga­uT­
va­lis­wi­ne­bel ube­du­re­bas xSi­rad Sem­Txve­vi­To­bas mi­va­werT.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi uk­ve di­di xa­nia gvmtro­ben. mar­Ta­li­a, isi­ni
da­Tan­xmdnen saq­me­e­bis sa­Su­a­mav­lo sa­sa­mar­Tlo­Si gan­xil­vas da
ori­ve mxa­ris mi­er sa­ku­Tar sam­flo­be­lo­Ta far­gle­bis Se­nar­
Cu­ne­bas, mag­ram maT sa­sa­mar­Tlos­Tvis ara­so­des mi­u­mar­TavT
da sa­davo sa­kiTx­e­bis Za­liT ga­dawy­ve­tas am­jo­bi­neb­dnen. ax­la
sa­Civ­riT ki ara, brZa­ne­biT mo­di­an. isi­ni gvib­rZa­ne­ben, mov­xsnaT
al­ya po­te­i­da­i­as, miv­ceT da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba egi­nas da ga­va­uq­moT
me­ga­ris dad­ge­ni­le­ba. bo­los elin­Ta da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­bis aRi­
a­re­bac mog­vTxo­ves. ar ego­noT, rom omi um­niS­vne­lo mi­ze­ziT
59
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da­iwy­e­ba, Tu me­ga­ris dad­ge­ni­le­bas ar Sev­cvliT. swo­red es
moh­yavT sa­bu­Tad da gvim­tki­ce­ben, ga­a­uq­meT dad­ge­ni­le­ba da
omi ar iq­ne­bao. nu ga­dar­debT mci­re­dis ga­mo omi. es mci­re­di
karg sa­Su­a­le­bas iZ­le­va Tqve­ni Za­li­sa da gam­be­da­o­bis ga­mo­sac­
de­lad. Tu axla da­uT­mobT, xval mets mog­Txo­ven imis ime­diT,
rom Si­SiT isev da­uT­mobT. xolo Tu Ta­ma­mad uar­yofT maT
moTx­ov­nebs, amiT aC­ve­nebT, rom Ta­nas­wo­ri­viT un­da mo­geq­cnen.
ami­tom da­fiq­rdiT, da­uT­mobT la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ra­mes, sa­nam
omi ar Seg­xe­bi­aT, Tu vib­rZo­loT Cve­ni Rir­se­bis da­sa­ca­vad.
ne­bis­mi­e­ri moTx­ov­na, ro­mel­sac Ta­nas­wo­ri Ta­nas­wors uye­nebs
sa­sa­mar­Tlos ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis ga­re­Se, da­mo­ne­bis sa­win­da­ri­a.
rac Se­ex
­ e­ba Zal­Ta Se­far­de­bas, ico­deT, rom ar Ca­mov­rCe­biT
pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs. uf­ro daw­vri­le­biT mo­gax­se­nebT: pe­lo­po­
ne­se­le­bi mi­waT­moq­me­de­bi ari­an da Ta­vi­si Sro­mis na­yo­fiT
cxov­ro­ben. arc ker­Zo pi­rebs, arc xa­zi­nas fu­li ar aqvs. xan­
grZliv omebs So­re­ul qvey­neb­Tan eri­de­bi­an da usax­sro­bis
ga­mo mxo­lod er­Tma­neTs eb­rZvi­an. ase­Ti xal­xi ver aR­Wu­rvavs
xo­mal­debs, iS­vi­a­Tad awy­obs sax­me­le­To laS­qro­ba­sac, rad­gan
ami­saT­vis mar­Ce­nal mi­was un­da moswy­des. Ta­nac zRva maT Cven
wavarTviT. sav­se xa­zi­na ufro wa­ad­ge­ba oms, vid­re iZu­le­bi­Ti
ga­da­sa­xa­de­bi. mi­waT­moq­me­di om­Si umal sa­ku­Tar si­cocx­les
Ca­ag­debs saf­rTxe­Si, vid­re qo­ne­bas. si­cocx­le Se­iZ­le­ba Se­i­
nar­Cu­nos ki­dec, fu­li ki ga­mo­i­le­va, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT, Tu omi
ga­Wi­a­nur­da. erT brZo­la­Si pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi win da­ud­ge­bi­an
yve­la elins. mag­ram gan­sxva­ve­bu­li Se­i­a­ra­Re­bis mqo­ne mter­Tan
omi maT ar Se­uZ­li­aT, radgan ar aqvT mud­mi­vi er­Ti­a­ni xe­li­
suf­le­ba. maT ar Se­uZ­li­aT swra­fad da Ta­ma­mad moq­me­de­ba. ma­Ti
kav­Si­ri Ta­nas­wor­Ta da gan­sxva­ve­bul­Ta kav­Si­ri­a. Ti­To­e­u­li
qve­ya­na sa­ku­Tar in­te­ress icavs da er­Tad ara­fe­ri ga­mos­diT.
Tu erTs surs, mters rac Se­iZ­le­ba me­tad av­nos, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi
ima­ze fiq­ro­ben, rom om­Si ara­fe­ri da­e­xar­joT. xan­mok­le Sek­
re­beb­ze iS­vi­a­Tad ga­ni­xi­la­ven sa­er­To saq­me­ebs, Zi­ri­Ta­dad
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cal­ke­u­li qa­la­qis sat­ki­var­ze sa­ub­ro­ben. Ti­To­e­u­ls miaCnia,
rom mi­si uni­a­To­ba ar av­nebs sa­er­To saq­mes da mas­ze sxva iz­ru­
nebs. ami­tom Ti­To­e­u­li ker­Zo saq­mi­Taa da­ka­ve­bu­li, sa­er­To
in­te­re­se­bi ki za­ral­de­ba.
mag­ram ma­Ti Zi­ri­Ta­di ga­sa­Wi­ri fu­lis nak­le­bo­ba iq­ne­ba.
fuls ne­la So­u­lo­ben, omi ki maT ar uc­dis. Cven arc ma­Ti si­mag­
re­eb
­ i­sa da flo­tis un­da gve­Si­no­des. mSvi­dobis pi­ro­beb­Sic
ki Zne­lia ise­Ti daculi qa­la­qis age­­ba, ro­go­ric aTe­ni­a, miT
ume­tes, omis dros, mas me­re, rac Cvenc ga­va­mag­rebT sazR­vars.
Tu Seq­mni­an ga­mag­re­bul punqts, SeZ­le­ben Cve­ni mi­wis aox­re­bas
da vin­mes ga­da­bi­re­bas, mag­ram es ar Seg­viS­lis xels zRvi­dan
TavdasxmaSi. zRva­ze brZo­la­Si Cven xom me­ti ga­moc­di­le­
ba mo­vi­po­veT xme­leT­ze omis­Tvis, vid­re maT Ta­vi­si ome­biT
zRva­os­no­bis­Tvis. ga­moc­di­li zRva­o­sa­ni io­lad ver gax­de­bi.
Tqvenc, Tum­ca am saq­mes mi­di­ur
­ i ome­bis dros mih­ya­viT xe­li,
ki­dev ar flobT mas srul­yo­fi­lad. ro­gor­Ra mi­aR­wi­on ra­mes
mi­waTmoq­me­deb­ma, zRvis una­xav­ma xal­xma, Cve­ni flo­tis mi­er
ma­Ti nav­sad­gu­re­bis blo­ka­dis pi­ro­beb­Si? ram­de­ni­me xo­mal­
dTan Seb­rZo­le­bas isi­ni ki­dev ga­be­da­ven, rad­gan ga­moc­di­le­bis
ricx­vi­Ti upi­ra­te­so­biT ga­ba­Ti­le­bis ime­di eq­ne­baT. mag­ram
di­di es­kad­ris wi­na­aR­mdeg zRva­Si ver gav­len. var­ji­Sis ga­re­Se
ki ve­ra­so­des gax­de­bi­an ga­moc­di­li zRva­os­ne­bi. sazR­vao saq­me
xom xe­lov­ne­ba­a, ro­mel­sac, sxva xe­lov­ne­ba­Ta msgav­sad, sxva­Ta
So­ris ver Se­is­wav­li, mas mTe­li Zal­-Ro­ne un­da da­uT­mo.
da­vuS­vaT, pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da­e­uf­lon del­fo­sa da oli­m­pi­is
taZ­re­bis sa­gan­Zurs da sca­don, ma­Ra­li anazRau­re­biT ga­da­i­
bi­ron Cve­ni ucx­o­e­li mezR­va­u­re­bi. es sa­xi­fa­To iq­ne­bo­da, Cven
rom sa­ku­Tar mo­qa­la­qe­Ta da me­tek­Ta So­ris ma­Ti Sem­cvle­lis
pov­na ar Seg­veZ­los. mag­ram ase­Ti Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba gvaqvs, da
rac Zal­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni­a, me­sa­We­e­bi mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi ari­an, xo­lo
mezR­va­u­ri me­tic gvyavs da uf­ro ga­moc­di­lic, vid­re sad­me
da­nar­Cen ela­da­Si. saq­me omam­de rom mi­va, arc er­Ti mo­qi­rav­ne
61
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ar dag­vto­vebs, ra­Ta ram­de­ni­me dRis man­Zil­ze ga­mar­jve­bis
ime­dis ga­re­Se io­mos pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta mxa­re­ze uf­ro ma­Ra­li
ga­sam­rje­lo­saT­vis. da­ax­lo­e­biT ase­Ti­a, Ce­mi az­riT, pe­lo­
po­ne­sel­Ta Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi. Cven aram­cTu ar gvaqvs msgav­si
sir­Tu­le­e­bi, ara­med yve­la mxriv karg mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a­Si varT. Tu
xme­le­TiT Se­mog­vi­te­ven, Cven zRva­ze da­ves­xmiT Tavs. maT­Tvis
pe­lo­po­ne­sis na­wi­lis aox­re­ba bev­rad uf­ro mtkiv­ne­ul
­ i iq­ne­ba,
vid­re Cven­Tvis – mTe­li ati­ki­sa. maT xom sxva mi­wa ar aqvT, Cven
ki bev­ri gvaqvs kun­Zu­leb­sa da xme­leT­ze. am­de­nad mniS­vne­lo­va­
nia zRva­ze ba­to­no­ba. da­fiq­rdiT, kun­Zul­ze rom vcxov­rob­deT,
vin ras dag­vak­leb­da? ami­tom uk­ve ax­la un­da war­mo­vid­gi­noT
mdgo­ma­re­o­ba, ro­de­sac Cven mi­wa­s da sax­lebs dav­to­vebT da da
ar Se­veb­me­biT brZo­lis vel­ze pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta mra­val­ricx­ov­ an
qve­iT jars. romc ga­vi­mar­jvoT, isev im­de­ni mte­ri dag­vrCe­ba,
xo­lo Tu dav­mar­cxdiT, da­i­Ru­pe­ba Cve­ni kav­Si­ri – Cve­ni Zli­e­
re­bis sa­fuZ­ve­li. mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ma­Sin­ve gan­gvid­ge­bi­an, ro­gorc
ki Za­la ar gveq­ne­ba maT da­sa­mor­Ci­leb­lad. ami­tom sax­leb­sa da
ya­neb­ze ki ar un­da vi­fiq­roT, ara­med sa­ku­Tar Tav­ze. me rom
Se­meZ­los, da­gar­wmu­neb­diT, Ta­vad­ve mig­ve­to­ve­bi­na da gag­ve­Ca­
na­ge­bi­na sa­ku­Ta­ri mi­wa, ra­Ta pe­lo­po­ne­sel­TaT­vis gveC­ve­ne­bi­na,
rom amiT ver dag­va­Co­qe­ben.
bev­ri ram maZlevs imis ime­d­s, rom ga­vi­mar­jvebT, Tu axal
oms ar wa­mo­viwy­ebT da Tavs zed­met xi­faT­Si ar Ca­vig­debT.
mtris geg­meb­ze me­tad me Cve­ni Sec­do­me­bis me­Si­ni­a. mag­ram
ama­ze maASin vi­sa­ub­roT, omi rom da­iwy­e­ba. ax­la ki el­Ce­bi ase­
Ti pa­su­xiT ga­vis­tum­roT: Cven ga­vux­sniT me­ga­re­lebs Cvens
nav­sad­gu­reb­sa da baz­rebs, Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi aRar Seg­va­
viw­ro­ve­ben Cven da Cvens mo­kav­Si­re­ebs (es xom sam­Svi­do­bo
xel­Sek­ru­le­bi­Taa gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li); Cven vcnobT mo­kav­Si­
re­Ta da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­bas (ram­de­na­dac isi­ni da­mo­u­ki­deb­le­bi
iy­vnen xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­bi­sas), Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bic ne­bas
mis­ce­men maT qvey­nebs, ise­Ti mmar­Tve­lo­ba hqon­deT, ro­go­ric
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Ta­vad surT. Cven mzad varT, da­ve­mor­Ci­loT sa­Su­a­mav­lo sa­sa­
mar­Tlos ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bebs, ro­gorc es xel­Sek­ru­le­bi­Taa
gan­sazR­vru­li – oms ar da­viwy­ebT, mag­ram Tavs da­vi­cavT. es
iq­ne­ba sa­mar­Tli­an
­ i da Rir­se­u­li pa­su­xi. mag­ram un­da gves­mo­
des, rom omi gar­da­uv
­ a­li­a. rac me­ti xa­li­siT mi­vi­RebT ga­mow­
ve­vas, miT nak­le­bi Se­mar­Te­biT Se­mog­vi­tevs mte­ri. gax­sov­deT,
sa­dac di­di xi­fa­Ti­a, iqaa udi­de­si sa­xe­li ro­gorc qvey­ni­saT­vis,
ase­ve cal­ke­u­li mo­qa­la­qis­Tvis. Cven­ma wi­nap­reb­ma mo­i­ge­ri­es
mi­di­el­Ta Se­mo­se­va, Tum­ca omis dasawyisSi Cvenze sustebi
iyvnen da sax­l-ka­ris da­to­ve­bac mouxdaT. bar­ba­ro­sis gan­dev­
na­sa da qvey­nis gan­di­de­bas maT sib­rZne­sa da su­li­er sim­tki­ces
ufro un­da vu­mad­lo­deT, vid­re Sem­Txve­va­sa da uxeS Za­las.
Cven ma­Ti Rir­se­u­li mem­kvid­re­e­bi un­da vi­yoT, win aR­vud­geT
mters da STa­mo­mav­lo­bas ara­nak­leb di­a­di da Zle­va­mo­si­li
qve­ya­na da­vu­to­voT.~
aTe­ne­le­bi dar­wmun­dnen, rom pe­rik­lesis rCe­va sa­uk
­ e­Te­so
iyo da Se­sa­ba­mi­si dad­ge­ni­le­bac mi­i­Res. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ki
upa­su­xes, rom maT­gan brZa­ne­bebs ar mo­iT­me­nen, Ta­nas­wo­ro­
bis pi­ro­beb­Si ki mzad ari­an mo­i­la­pa­ra­kon yo­vel kon­kre­tul
pun­qtTan da­kav­Si­re­biT da sa­da­vo sa­kiTx­e­bi sa­Su­a­mav­lo sa­sa­
mar­Tlo­ze ga­dawy­vi­ton. amis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs el­Ce­bi
aRar ga­mo­ug­zav­ni­aT.
ase wa­ri­mar­Ta mov­le­ne­bi omis win, epi­dam­no­si­sa da ker­ki­ris
in­ci­den­tis Sem­deg. mxa­re­eb
­ i ag­rZe­leb­dnen ur­Ti­er­To­bebs da
mac­ne­eb
­ is ga­re­Se sa­ub­rob­dnen, mag­ram ndo­ba maT So­ris aRar
iyo. es ki ar­Rvev­da zavs da omisTvis sa­fuZ­vels am­za­deb­da.
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me­or
­ e wig­ni
nam­dvi­li omi aTe­ne­leb­sa da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs So­ris maSin
daiwyo, ro­de­sac isi­ni aRar sa­ub­rob­dnen mac­nis ga­re­Se da
er­Tma­neTs yvel­gan ia­ra­RiT upi­ris­pir­de­bod­nen.
ev­be­is dapy­ro­bis Sem­deg da­de­bul­ma oc­da­aT­wli­an­ma zav­ma
ToTx­me­ti we­li ga­Zlo. meTx­uT­me­te wels ki, poteidaias­Tan
brZo­li­dan me­Teq­vsme­te Tves, Te­bel­Ta sa­mas­ka­ci­a­ni raz­mi
Ra­miT Tavs da­es­xa aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re be­o­ti­ur qa­laq pla­te­
as. Te­be­lebs mo­ux­mo pla­te­as mo­qa­la­qe­Ta jguf­ma, ro­mel­sac
po­li­ti­ku­ri mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb
­ is gaJ­le­ta da qa­la­qis Te­bel­
TaT­vis ga­da­ce­ma sur­da. Te­be­le­bi xe­dav­dnen, rom omi iwyeboda
da ga­dawy­vi­tes, Zvel me­to­qe pla­te­as da­uf­le­bod­nen. maT
io­lad Se­aR­wi­es qa­laq­Si da baz­ris mo­e­da­ni da­i­ka­ves, mag­ram
imis ma­giv­rad, rom mtris sax­leb­Si SeW­ri­liy­vnen, ga­dawy­vi­tes
mSvi­do­­bi­a­nad mi­em­xroT pla­te­e­le­bi da mac­nis pi­riT ga­mo­ucx­
a­des, vi­sac be­ot
­ i­el­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­o­ba sur­da, maT Se­er­Te­bo­da.
pla­te­e­lebs Ta­vi­dan mte­ri bev­rad me­ti eC­ve­naT, vid­re
si­nam­dvi­le­Si iyvnen da mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba­ze da­Tan­xmdnen. Sem­deg
na­xes, rom Te­be­le­bi arc ise mra­val­ricx­o­van­ni iy­vnen da ma­Ti
da­mar­cxe­ba sav­se­biT Se­saZ­le­be­li iyo. pla­te­el­Ta um­rav­le­
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so­bas aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ri er­Cia. ami­tom ga­dawy­vi­tes, Tavs
das­xmod­nen mom­xvdu­rebs. maT mtris­gan ma­lu­lad da­iwy­es Sek­
re­ba, Ca­xer­ges qu­Ce­bi da mi­i­Res zo­me­bi, rac msgavs Sem­Txve­veb­Si
aris sa­Wi­ro. yve­la­fe­ri rom mo­am­za­des, pla­te­e­le­bi Ra­miT
Se­ik­rib­nen da ga­Te­ne­bam­de Tavs da­es­xnen Te­be­lebs. ifiqres,
rom sib­ne­le­Si ucxo qa­laq­Si brZo­la mters ga­u­Wir­de­bo­da.
ro­de­sac Te­be­le­bi mix­vdnen, rom moty­uv­dnen, er­Tad Se­i­
yar­nen da sab­rZo­lod ga­em­zad­nen. maT SeZ­les mtris ram­de­ni­me
Se­te­vis mo­ge­ri­e­ba. ma­Sin pla­te­e­lebs qa­le­bi da msa­xu­re­bic
mi­ex­mar­nen. isi­ni sa­xu­ra­ve­bi­dan qveb­sa da kra­mits is­rod­nen
wi­vil­-ki­vi­liT, Ta­nac mTe­l Ra­mes ko­kis­pi­ru­lad wvim­da. Te­be­
le­bi Sed­rknen da qa­laq­Si ga­if
­ an­tnen. um­rav­le­so­bam ta­lax­sa
da sib­ne­le­Si ver ipo­va qa­la­qi­dan ga­sas­vle­li da mdev­ri­sa­gan
Ta­vis daR­we­va ver mo­a­xer­xa. pla­te­e­leb­ma xom sa­ku­Tar qa­laq­Si
yo­ve­li kuTx­e-­kun­Wu­li icod­nen, Ta­nac maT wi­nas­war Ca­ra­zes
WiS­ka­ri. gaq­ce­ul­Ta na­wi­li ga­lav­ni­dan ga­dax­ta da da­im­tvra,
mci­re jguf­ma ki ga­an­gria er­Ti da­uc­ve­li WiS­ka­ri, mag­ram isi­
ni Se­niS­nes da umravlesoba daxoces. Te­bel­Ta di­di jgu­fi ki
ma­xe­Si ga­e­ba: ga­lav­nis ax­los mde­ba­re di­di Se­no­bis ka­ri maT
ga­sas­vle­li ego­naT da mas mi­a­Su­res. sa­nam pla­te­e­le­bi fiq­
rob­dnen, cecx­li wa­e­ki­de­bi­naT am Se­no­bis­Tvis da er­Ti­a­nad
da­e­xo­caT mte­ri, Te­be­leb­ma da­ne­be­ba am­jo­bi­nes.
Te­bel­Ta Zi­ri­Ta­di Za­le­bi ima­ve Ra­mes un­da miS­ve­le­bod­nen
me­wi­na­ve razms ga­uT­va­lis­wi­ne­be­li sir­Tu­le­e­bis Sem­Txve­
va­Si. pla­tea Te­bes­gan sul ra­Rac sa­moc­da­a­Ti sta­di­o­ni­Taa
da­So­re­bu­li, mag­ram Zli­er­ma wvi­mam da adi­de­bul­ma mdi­na­re
aso­pos­ma ma­Ti ga­da­ad­gi­le­ba Se­a­fer­xa. pla­te­as rom mi­ad­gnen,
uk­ve gvi­a­ni iyo: Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­Ta na­wi­li uk­ve da­Ru­pu­li, na­wi­li
ki daty­ve­ve­bu­li dax­vdaT. es rom ga­i­ges, Te­be­leb­ma qa­la­qis
ga­reT myo­fi pla­te­e­le­bis daty­ve­ve­ba ga­niz­ra­xes, ra­Ta isi­ni
Ta­vi­anT Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­eb­Si ga­ec­va­laT. pla­te­e­leb­ma gaiTval­
iswines es Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba da min­dor­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve Ta­na­mo­qa­la­qe­
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Ta da­sa­ca­vad Te­be­lebs mac­ne ga­ug­zav­nes. man auwya Te­be­lebs,
rom mSvi­do­bi­an dros qa­laq­ze Tav­das­xmiT maT uke­Tu­ri saq­me
Ca­i­di­nes; rom pla­te­el
­ e­bi iTx­o­ven, Te­be­leb­ma xe­li ar ax­lon
min­dor­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve mo­qa­la­qe­ebs da Tvi­Ton da­to­von pla­te­as
mi­wa, Tu tyve­e­bis cocx­lad dab­ru­ne­ba surT. yo­vel Sem­Txve­
va­Si ase hyve­bi­an Te­be­le­bi da das­Ze­nen, rom pla­te­e­leb­ma
fi­cic da­des. pla­te­e­le­bi ki am­tki­ce­ben, rom ar da­u­fi­ci­aT,
tyve­e­bis dab­ru­ne­bas ki mxo­lod Se­de­gi­a­ni mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bis
Sem­deg api­reb­dnen. faq­ti isa­a, rom Te­be­leb­ma da­to­ves ma­Ti
mi­wa, pla­te­e­leb­ma ki xal­xi qa­laq­Si ga­da­iy­va­nes, xolo as oTx­
mo­ci tyve da­xo­ces.
pla­te­e­leb­ma Sik­ri­ki gagzav­nes aTen­Si, Te­be­lebs ki da­Ru­
pul me­o­mar­Ta cxed­re­bi ga­das­ces. aTe­ne­leb­ma, ro­gorc ki
pla­te­a­ze Tav­das­xmis am­ba­vi Se­ity­ves, ati­ka­Si myo­fi be­o­ti­
e­le­bis Sepy­ro­ba brZa­nes, pla­te­a­Si ki macne gag­zav­nes, ra­Ta
Te­be­li tyve­e­bi­saT­vis ara­fe­ri ev­noT, sa­nam aTe­ni maT beds
ar ga­dawy­vet­da. Sik­riks tyve­e­bi uk­ve da­xo­ci­li dax­vda. amis
Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma pla­te­a­Si sam­xed­ro raz­mi da sak­ve­bis ma­ra­
gi gag­zav­nes, xo­lo qa­la­qi­dan qa­leb­Tan da bav­Sveb­Tan er­Tad
ga­iy­va­nes yve­la, vi­sac ia­ra­Ris ta­re­ba ar Se­eZ­lo.
pla­te­as in­ci­den­ti za­vis aS­ka­ra dar­Rve­va iyo da aTe­ne­leb­ma
omis­Tvis mza­de­ba da­iwy­es. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­
re­eb
­ ic sam­za­diss Se­ud­gnen. ori­ve mxa­re cdi­lob­da spar­se­Tis
me­fis, sxva bar­ba­ro­se­bi­sa Tu ne­it­ra­lu­ri da­mo­u­ki­de­be­li
qvey­ne­bis mxar­da­We­ra mo­e­po­ve­bi­na. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma me­go­bar
qvey­nebs, ita­li­a­sa da si­ci­li­as da­ma­te­biT ora­si xo­mal­di mos­
Txo­ves. amiT pe­lo­po­ne­sis flot­Si xo­mal­de­bis sa­er­To ricx­vi
xu­Tass mi­aR­wev­da. mo­kav­Si­re­ebs un­da Se­eg­ro­ve­bi­naT gar­kve­ul
­ i
Tan­xac da mov­le­na­Ta gan­vi­Ta­re­bas da­lo­de­bod­nen. aTe­ne­leb­ma
aR­ricx­es mo­kav­Si­re­Ta Za­le­bi da el­Ce­bi gag­zav­nes ker­ki­ra­ze,
ke­fa­le­ni­a­ze, akar­na­ni­a­sa da Za­kin­Tos­Si. am qvey­ne­bis mim­xro­biT
isi­ni ime­dov­neb­dnen pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta da­mar­cxe­bas.
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ori­ve mxa­re om­ze fiq­robda. es bu­neb­ri­vi­ca­a: ada­mi­a­ni
axal saq­mes di­di gul­mod­gi­ne­biT iwy­ebs. Ta­nac pe­lo­po­nes­Sic
da aTen­Sic axal­gaz­rdo­bas ga­mo­uc­de­lo­biT omi swyu­ro­da.
da­nar­Ce­ni ela­da ki da­Za­bu­li elo­da ori uZ­li­e­re­si qvey­nis
Ser­ki­ne­bas. xal­xSi uam­ra­vi wi­nas­war­mety­ve­le­ba vrcel­de­
bo­da. wi­nas­war­mety­ve­lu­rad mi­iC­ni­es de­lo­sis mi­wis­Zvrac,
rad­gan eli­nebs msgav­si ara­fe­ri ax­sov­daT. sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi
az­ri Zi­ri­Ta­dad la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mxa­res iyo, al­baT imi­tom,
rom maT Ta­vi ela­dis mxsne­le­bad ga­mo­acx­a­des. yve­la – ka­ci
Tu qve­ya­na – cdi­lob­da maT dax­ma­re­bo­da. am­de­nad, elin­Ta
um­rav­le­so­ba aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg iyo gan­wyo­bi­li, zogs ma­Ti
ba­to­no­bis­gan gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba un­do­da, zog­sac ma­Ti eSi­no­da.
ase­Ti sam­za­di­si­Ta da gan­wyo­biT Sex­vdnen mxa­re­e­bi oms.
da­sawy­is­Si la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi iy­vnen: mTe­li pe­lo­
po­ne­si ar­go­sel­Ta da aqe­el­Ta gar­da, me­ga­re­le­bi, be­o­ti­e­le­bi,
fo­ke­e­le­bi, lok­re­bi, am­pra­ki­e­le­bi, lev­ka­de­le­bi, anaq­to­ri­
e­le­bi. maT­gan ko­rin­Te­lebs, me­ga­re­lebs, si­ki­o­ne­lebs, pe­le­
nebs, ele­el
­ ebs, am­pra­ki­e­leb­sa da lev­ka­de­lebs ga­moh­yav­daT
xo­mal­de­bi, be­ot
­ i­e­lebs, fo­ke­e­leb­sa da lok­rebs – mxed­re­bi,
da­nar­Ce­nebs ki – qve­i­Ti ja­ri. aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i iy­vnen:
qi­os
­ e­le­bi, les­bo­se­le­bi, pla­te­e­le­bi, nav­paq­to­sis me­se­ni­e­le­
bi, akar­na­ni­e­le­bi, ker­ki­re­le­bi, Za­kin­To­se­le­bi da sxva mo­xar­ke
qvey­ne­bi ka­ri­a­Si, io­ni­a­Si, he­les­pon­tos­Si, Tra­ki­a­Si, kun­Zu­le­bi
pe­lo­po­nes­sa da kre­tas So­ris da da­nar­Ce­ni kik­la­de­bi (me­lo­si­sa
da Te­ras gar­da). maT­gan qi­os
­ e­le­bi, les­bo­se­le­bi da ker­ki­re­le­
bi xo­mal­debs aw­vdid­nen, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki qve­iT jar­sa da fuls.
pla­te­is mov­le­ne­bis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes
ati­ka­Si SeW­ra da Ta­vi­anT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs So­re­u­li laS­qro­bi­saT­
vis mza­de­ba ub­rZa­nes. Ti­To­e­ul­ma qve­ya­nam sam­xed­ro Za­lis ori
me­sa­me­di gag­zav­na is­Tmos­ze. am laS­qro­bis mTa­var­sar­dal­ma,
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­fe ar­qi­da­mos­ma Sek­ri­ba cal­ke­u­li raz­me­bis
Tav­ka­ce­bi da maT ase­Ti sity­viT mi­mar­Ta:
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`pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bo da mo­kav­Si­re­e­bo! Cvens ma­mebs xSi­rad
uo­mi­aT pe­lo­po­nes­Sic da mis far­glebs ga­re­Tac, arc Cven varT
brZo­la­Si ga­mo­uc­del­ni. mag­ram ara­so­des gvibrZolia ise­Ti
Za­liT, rac ax­la gvyavs. Cven gvyavs sa­uk
­ e­Te­so laS­qa­ri da miv­
di­varT uZ­li­e­re­si qvey­nis wi­na­aR­mdeg. vi­yoT Cve­ni wi­nap­re­bis
sa­xe­lis Rir­si. mTe­li ela­da ime­dis Tva­liT Se­mog­vyu­rebs.
mag­ram Cven ar un­da dav­kar­goT sif­xiz­le. nu­ra­vin ifiq­rebs,
rom Cve­ni ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­bis ga­mo mte­ri ver ga­be­davs
brZo­las. sar­da­lic da ri­gi­Ti me­o­ma­ric mu­dam mzad un­da iyos
saf­rTxi­saT­vis. om­Si yve­la­fers wi­nas­war ver gaT­vli da Tav­
das­xma yo­vel­Tvis mo­u­lod­ne­lia. xSi­rad uf­ro sus­ti, mag­ram
uf­ro frTxi­li ige­ri­ebs Zli­er me­to­qes, ro­me­lic qed­maR­lo­bis
ga­mo kar­gad ar mo­em­za­da brZo­li­saT­vis. mtris mi­wa­ze su­lis
sim­xne­ve da moq­me­de­ba­Ta sif­rTxi­le un­da Se­va­Tav­soT. ma­Sin
si­ma­ma­ce ar av­nebs geg­me­bis gan­xor­ci­e­le­bas. Cven miv­di­varT
Zli­e­ri qvey­nis wi­na­aR­mdeg, ro­me­lic yo­vel­mxriv mza­daa omis­
Tvis da au­ci­leb­lad Seg­veb­rZo­le­ba, ro­de­sac Cven mis mi­wa­ze
aR­mov­Cnde­biT da mi­si qo­ne­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­bas da­viwy­ebT. ne­bis­mi­
e­ri ga­nris­xde­ba, ro­de­sac Ta­vi­si Tva­liT da­i­na­xavs mis­Tvis
mi­ye­ne­bul za­rals. mrisxa­ne­ba ki cu­di mrCe­ve­li­a. aTe­nel­Ta­gan
yve­la­ze me­tad un­da ve­lo­deT wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas, rad­gan isi­ni
sxva eli­neb­ze mbrZa­neb­lo­bas es­wraf­vi­an da ur­Cev­ni­aT sxvas
da­es­xan Tavs, vid­re sa­ku­Ta­ri mi­wis aox­re­bas uyu­ron. eso­den
Zli­er me­to­qes­Tan omis dawy­e­biT Cven, Se­de­gis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, an
udi­des sa­xels mo­vix­veWT, an udi­des sir­cxvils viw­vnevT. maS
da­e­mor­Ci­leT Tqvens sar­dlebs, da­i­ca­viT dis­cip­li­na da sif­
rTxi­le da zus­tad Se­as­ru­leT brZa­ne­be­bi. did laS­qars er­Ti
ne­ba, er­Ti we­si am­Sve­nebs.~
amis Sem­deg ar­qi­da­mos­ma aTen­Si me­le­si­po­si gag­zav­na im ime­
diT, rom aTe­ne­le­bi ma­Sin ma­inc daT­mob­dnen ra­mes, ro­de­sac
Se­ity­ob­dnen, rom mte­ri uk­ve gza­Si­a. aTe­ne­leb­ma el­Ci arc
sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze Se­uS­ves da arc qa­laq­Si. pe­rik­lesis rCe­viT,
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maT da­ad­gi­nes, ar mi­e­RoT la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta el­Ce­bi da mac­ne­e­bi.
arc ki mo­us­mi­nes elCs da qvey­nis erT dRe­Si da­to­ve­ba ub­rZa­
nes, la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ki Se­uT­va­les, jer sax­leb­Si dab­run­dnen
da el­Ci Sem­deg ga­mog­zav­non. me­le­si­po­si sazR­vram­de ga­a­ci­les,
rom ara­vis Sex­ved­ro­da. dam­Svi­do­be­bi­sas man mxo­lod es uTx­ra
meg­zu­rebs: `dRe­van­de­li dRe elin­TaT­vis di­di ube­du­re­bis
da­sawy­i­si gax­de­ba.~ el­Cis dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg ar­qi­da­mo­si mix­
vda, rom aTe­ne­le­bi aRa­ra­fers daT­mob­dnen da laS­qars ati­
kis­ken ga­uZR­va. be­o­ti­e­leb­ma mas qve­i­Ti ja­ri­sa da mxed­re­bis
na­wi­li mi­aS­ve­les, da­nar­Ce­ni Za­le­biT ki pla­te­as mi­ad­gnen da
mi­si sa­na­xe­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­bas Se­ud­gnen.
pe­rik­lesi Si­Sob­da, rom mis ma­muls ar­qi­da­mo­si an sa­ku­Ta­
ri ne­biT da­in­dob­da (ro­gorc mas­Tan stu­mar­-mas­pin­ZlobiT
da­kav­Si­re­bu­li), an – la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta moTx­ov­niT, pe­rik­lesis
mi­marT aTe­nel­Ta un­dob­lo­bis ga­saR­vi­veb­lad. man jer ki­dev
is­Tmos­Tan pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta laS­qris Sek­re­bam­de ga­nucx­a­da
sa­xal­xo kre­bas, rom qvey­nis in­te­re­se­bi ar un­da da­za­ral­des
mi­si ar­qi­da­mos­Tan ax­lob­lo­bis ga­mo. ami­tom sa­xel­mwi­fos
ga­das­cems Ta­vis sax­leb­sa da mi­was, Tu isi­ni oms ga­da­ur­Ce­ba.
Sem­deg pe­rik­lesma ga­im­ e­o­ra Ta­vi­si rCe­va, yve­la­fe­ri Ri­re­bu­li
qa­laq­Si gad­mo­e­ta­naT da mi­si dac­viT Se­mo­far­glu­liy­vnen, aRe­
Wur­vaT flo­ti – sam­xed­ro Zli­e­re­bis sa­fuZ­ve­li, da fxiz­lad
edev­ne­bi­naT Tva­li mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i­saT­vis. maT xom yo­vel­wli­ur
­ ad
eq­vsa­si ta­lan­ti Se­moh­qon­daT xa­zi­na­Si. ak­ro­po­lis­ze ver­cxlis
fu­liT eq­vsi aTa­si ta­lan­ti ina­xe­bo­da, sul ki xa­zi­na­Si cxra
aTas Svi­da­si ta­lan­ti iyo, Tum­ca na­wi­li ak­ro­po­li­sis gam­Sve­
ne­ba­sa da poteidaias al­ya­ze da­i­xar­ja. fu­lis gar­da, aTe­nel­
Ta gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si iyo taZ­re­bis sa­gan­Zu­ric. mar­to aTe­nas
qan­da­ke­bis oq­ros sa­mo­si or­moc ta­lants iwo­ni­da (i­sic Se­iZ­
le­ba qa­la­qis ga­dar­Ce­nas mox­mar­des da Sem­deg au­nazR­a­ur­de­so
qal­RmerTs). aTens hyav­da ca­me­ti aTa­si hop­li­ti, si­mag­re­eb­Si
gar­ni­zo­ne­bi­sa da ga­lav­nis dac­vis Teq­vsme­ti aTa­si ka­cis gar­da
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(fa­le­ro­sis ke­de­li oc­daTx­uT­me­ti sta­di­o­nis sig­rZi­sa iyo,
sa­kuT­riv qa­la­qis ga­la­va­ni – or­moc­da­sa­mi sta­di­o­ni, pi­re­o­sis
grZe­li ke­de­li – or­mo­ci, pi­re­o­sis gar­Se­mo ked­le­bi – sa­mo­ci),
aTas ora­si mxe­da­ri (maT So­ris mo­is­re­bic), aTas rva­a­si qve­i­Ti
mo­i­sa­ri da sa­ma­si tri­e­ri sab­rZo­lo mzad­yof­na­Si. ase­Ti iyo
aTe­nis sam­xed­ro Za­le­bi pe­lo­po­no­sel­Ta pir­ve­li Se­mo­se­vis win.
aTe­ne­leb­ma da­uj
­ e­res pe­rik­less, oja­xe­bi qa­laq­Si ga­da­iy­
va­nes, sa­qo­ne­li ki – ev­be­as
­ a da sxva kun­Zu­leb­ze. maT um­Zim­daT
sax­leb­Tan gan­So­re­ba, um­rav­le­so­ba sof­lad cxov­re­bas iyo
miC­ve­ul
­ i.
cxov­re­bis ase­Ti we­si maT uZ­ve­le­si dro­i­dan hqon­daT. kek­
rof­si­sa da pir­ve­li me­fe­e­bis dros xal­xi ati­ka­Si Te­me­bad
cxov­rob­da. Te­mebs Ta­vi­an­Ti Tav­ka­ce­bi hyav­daT, me­fes­Tan
sa­TaT­bi­rod iS­vi­a­Tad mi­di­od­nen. Te­me­bi sa­ku­Tar saq­me­ebs
Tvi­Ton wyvet­dnen da er­Tma­neT­Tan omob­dnen ki­dec. Te­sev­sma,
brZen­ma da Zle­va­mo­sil­ma me­fem, ga­a­er­Ti­a­na isi­ni erT qvey­nad
da er­Ti­an
­ i mmar­Tve­lo­ba Se­mo­i­Ro. xal­xi sof­lad cxov­robda,
mag­ram qa­la­qi er­Ti hqon­daT.
maT­Tvis Zne­li iyo mi­di­ur
­ i ome­bis Sem­deg ga­Wir­ve­biT aR­dge­
ni­li sax­l-ka­ri­sa da sa­lo­ca­ve­bis mi­to­ve­ba da qa­laq­Si ga­da­sax­
le­ba. es sam­Sob­los da­to­ve­bis tol­fa­si iyo.
aTen­Si ltol­vil­Ta mxo­lod mci­re na­wil­ma mo­a­xer­xa me­gob­
reb­Tan an na­Te­sa­veb­Tan da­bi­na­ve­ba. um­rav­le­so­ba uda­bur
ad­gi­leb­Si, Rmer­Te­bi­sa Tu gmi­re­bis taZ­reb­Si an ga­lav­nis koS­
keb­Si da­sax­lda. qa­la­qi ver itev­da am­den xalxs. mog­vi­a­ne­biT
grZe­li ked­li­sa da pi­re­o­sis ga­lav­nis sa­Tav­so­e­bic bi­ne­bad
iq­ca. ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­le­bi kreb­dnen mo­kav­Si­re­ebs da es­kad­ras
am­za­deb­dnen pe­lo­po­nes­ze Tav­da­sas­xme­lad.
ati­ki­sa­ken gza­ze pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta laS­qa­ri oi­no­as mi­ad­ga.
aq da­ba­nak­dnen da sam­xed­ro man­qa­ne­biT ga­lav­nis Stur­mi­saT­
vis m­za­deba da­iwy­es. oi­noa ga­mag­re­bu­li qa­la­qia ati­ki­sa da
be­o­ti­is sazR­var­ze da aTe­ne­lebs aq gar­ni­zo­ni eyenaT. pe­lo­
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po­no­se­lebs sam­za­dis­ze bev­ri dro da­e­kar­gaT. ar­qi­da­mosis
zed­me­tma sidin­jem (ro­gorc omis­Tvis mza­de­bi­sas, ase­ve mi­si
dawy­e­bis Sem­deg) di­di uk­ma­yo­fi­le­ba ga­mo­iw­vi­a. igi aTe­nel­
Ta me­gob­ra­dac ki mi­iC­ni­es, radgan la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs omi­sa­gan
Ta­vis Se­ka­ve­bas ur­Cev­da. mas say­ve­du­rob­dnen is­Tmos­ze Se­yov­
ne­bas, gan­zrax nel ga­da­ad­gi­le­bas da oi­no­as uSe­de­go al­yas.
mar­Tlac, ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­as­wres Ta­vi­an­Ti qo­ne­bis
ga­dar­Ce­na. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi jav­rob­dnen, rom Se­yov­ne­bis ga­mo
na­dav­li ver ig­des xelT. ar­qi­da­mo­si ki, ro­gorc fiq­ro­ben,
imis ime­diT ar Cqa­rob­da, rom aTe­ne­le­bi manam daT­mo­bdnen,
sa­nam ma­Ti mi­wa sru­lad ga­nad­gu­rde­boda.
bo­los, oi­no­as oTx­moc­dRi­a­ni uSe­de­go al­yis Sem­deg pe­lo­
po­ne­se­le­bi ati­ka­Si Se­iW­rnen. maT ba­na­ki mo­awy­ves da iqi­dan
elev­si­ni­sa da Tri­a­si­is dab­lo­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­ba da­iwyes, aTe­ne­
li mxed­re­bi ki uku­aq­ci­es. Sem­deg maT win­svla ga­nag­rZes da
ati­kis udi­des edems – aqar­nes mi­aR­wi­es. aqac da­ba­nak­dnen da
ax­la aqe­dan da­Ta­re­Sob­dnen qve­ya­na­Si.
Ta­vad ar­qi­da­mo­si aqar­nes ol­qSi id­ga srul sab­rZo­lo
mzad­yof­na­Si. is elo­da, rom aTe­ne­li axal­gaz­rde­bi ar da­uS­
veb­dnen ma­Ti mi­wis xel­yo­fas da sab­rZol­ve­lad ga­mo­vi­dod­nen.
ro­de­sac arc elev­sin­Si, arc Tri­a­si­is dab­lob­ze aTe­ne­lebs
wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba ar ga­uw
­ e­vi­aT, ar­qi­da­mosi aqar­nes­Tan da­ba­nak­
da da ki­dev sca­da mtris ga­moty­u­e­ba. er­Ti mxriv, es ad­gi­li
ba­na­ki­saT­vis mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li iyo, me­o­re mxriv, aqar­ne­lebs
sa­mi aTa­si hop­li­ti ga­moh­yav­daT da ar­qi­da­moss ime­di hqon­
da, rom isi­ni sxva aTe­ne­leb­sac ai­yo­leb­dnen ma­Ti mi­wi­saT­vis
sab­rZol­ve­lad. Tu aTe­ne­le­bi arc ax­la ga­mo­vi­dod­nen, Sem­
deg uf­ro Ta­ma­mad Se­iZ­le­bo­da dab­lob­Si Cas­vla da qa­laq­Tan
mi­ax­lo­e­ba. aqar­ne­lebs sa­ku­Ta­ri qo­ne­bis da­kar­gvis Sem­deg
nak­le­bi xa­li­si eq­ne­bo­daT, sxvis­Tvis eb­rZo­laT. ase mtris
ba­nak­Si SuR­lis gaR­vi­ve­bac Se­iZ­le­bo­da. am mo­saz­re­be­biT id­ga
ar­qi­da­mosi aqar­nes­Tan.
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sa­nam mte­ri elev­sin­Tan id­ga, aTe­ne­lebs ki­dev hqon­daT ime­
di, rom is uf­ro Sors aRar wa­mo­vi­do­da. ToTx­me­ti wlis win
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­fem ple­is­to­a­naq­sma Se­aR­wia ati­ka­Si elev­
si­nam­de da ukan gab­run­da. Sem­deg me­fe spar­ti­dan ga­ndev­nes
bral­de­biT, rom ama­Si qrTa­mi ai­Ro. aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis au­ta­ne­li
iyo mtris aqar­nes­Tan (qa­la­qi­dan sa­mo­ci sta­di­o­nis da­So­re­
biT) xil­va. mSob­li­u­ri mi­wis ga­nad­gu­re­ba maT­ze Za­li­an mZi­me
STa­beW­di­le­bas ax­den­da. axal­gaz­rdebs ase­Ti ram ara­so­des
ena­xaT, mo­xu­cebs ki – mxo­lod mi­di­el­Ta Se­mo­se­vis dros. yvela
mzad iyo sab­rZol­ve­lad. qu­Ceb­Si ik­ri­be­bod­nen, ka­ma­Tob­dnen
da pe­rik­le­sze bra­zob­dnen, rad­gan sar­da­li maT mtris wi­na­
aR­mdeg ar mi­uZR­o­da.
pe­rik­lesi xe­dav­da aTe­nel­Ta gan­wyo­bas, mag­ram sa­ku­Ta­ri
ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba swo­rad mi­aC­nda. ami­tom arc sa­xal­xo kre­bas
iw­vev­da da arc sxva ram TaT­birs, rom aTe­ne­lebs da­u­fiq­reb­
lad Sec­do­ma ar da­eS­vaT. man brZa­na qa­la­qis sa­gul­da­gu­lod
dac­va da Se­e­ca­da xal­xis ukmayofileba Ca­eq­ro. dro­dad­ro
mxed­rebs gzav­ni­da, ra­Ta mtris mar­bi­e­li raz­me­bis­Tvis xe­li
Se­e­Sa­laT. er­Txel aTe­ne­li da Te­sa­li­e­li mxed­re­bi be­ot
­ i­e­
lebs Se­eb­nen. maT ukan mxo­lod mas me­re da­i­xi­es, rac be­ot
­ i­
e­lebs hop­li­te­bi wa­mo­eS­vel­nen. da­na­kar­gi um­niS­vne­lo iyo,
da­Ru­pul­Ta cxed­re­bi ima­ve dRes ga­mo­i­ta­nes, pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma
ki me­or
­ e dRes ga­mar­jve­ba izeimes.
aTe­ne­le­bi kvlav ari­deb­dnen Tavs brZo­las da pe­lo­po­
ne­se­leb­ma aqar­ne­dan sxva Te­meb­Si ga­da­i­nac­vles. ama­so­ba­Si
aTe­ne­leb­ma asi xo­mal­dis­gan Sem­dga­ri es­kad­ra aTa­si hop­li­
ti­Ta da oTx­a­si mo­i­s­riT pe­lo­po­ne­sis­ken gag­zav­nes. es­kad­ra
na­pi­ris gas­wvriv mi­cu­rav­da, pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ki sa­no­va­gis
gamolevamde ati­ka­Si dar­Cnen, Sem­deg ki be­o­ti­is gav­liT Sin
dab­run­dnen.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta ati­ki­dan was­vlis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­gu­
Sa­go­e­bi mo­awyv­es xme­leT­sa da zRva­ze. maT ag­reT­ve ga­dawy­vi­
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tes, rom uki­du­re­si aTa­si ta­lan­ti da asi sa­u­ke­Te­so xo­mal­di
hyo­lo­daT mzad.
aTe­nel­Ta as xo­malds ker­ki­rel­Ta da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
or­moc­da­a­Ti ge­mi Se­u­er­Tda. isi­ni pe­lo­po­ne­sis sa­na­pi­ro
ol­qebs aCa­na­geb­dnen. er­Txe­lac aTe­ne­le­bi la­ko­ni­aS
­ i, me­To­
nes­Tan ga­das­xdnen da Se­ec
­ ad­nen, ie­ri­SiT ae­RoT cu­dad ga­mag­
re­bu­li qa­la­qi. Sem­Txve­viT max­lob­lad im­yo­fe­bo­da spar­te­
li bra­si­da­si, ro­me­lic hop­li­te­bis ase­u­liT maT saS­ve­lad
ga­e­mar­Ta. man mo­a­xer­xa aTe­nel­Ta raz­mis gar­Rve­va da qa­la­qis
ga­dar­Ce­na. am gmi­ro­bi­saT­vis man pir­vel­ma da­im­sa­xu­ra am om­Si
Se­qe­ba qvey­nis sa­xe­liT. aTe­ne­le­bi ki ga­nag­rZob­dnen na­pi­ris
gas­wvriv cur­vas. isi­ni Tavs da­es­xnen fe­i­as ele­a­Si da aaox­res
misi mi­da­mo­ebi. maT da­a­mar­cxes ele­el­Ta sa­ma­si rCe­u­li me­o­
ma­ri, ai­Res qa­la­qi da igi mxo­lod ele­el­Ta Zi­ri­Ta­di Za­le­bis
mo­ax­lo­e­bi­sas da­to­ves.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros aTe­ne­leb­ma kle­o­pom­po­sis sar­
dlo­biT oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes lok­re­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg
da ev­be­is da­sa­ca­vad.
ima­ve zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma gan­dev­nes egi­ne­le­bi oja­xe­bi­
TurT da ma­Ti kun­Zu­li, ro­me­lic pe­lo­po­nes­Tan ax­los mde­
ba­re­obs, Ta­vad da­a­sax­les. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ltol­vi­le­bi
mad­li­e­re­bis niS­nad Ti­re­a­Si da­a­bi­na­ves mi­wis­Zvri­sa da he­lo­
te­bis ajan­ye­bis dros ga­we­ul
­ i dax­ma­re­bis­Tvis.
ima­ve zaf­xuls, sav­se mTva­ri­sas, dRi­siT mze dab­nel­da. erT
xans mze nam­ga­la mTva­res hgav­da da ram­de­ni­me var­skvla­vic
ga­moC­nda ca­ze.
ima­ve zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma proq­se­no­sad air­Ci­es nom­fo­
do­ro­si. man aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­red aq­cia Tra­ki­el­Ta me­fe
si­tal­ke­si da Ter­mas dab­ru­ne­bis fa­sad Se­ar
­ i­ga isi­ni per­di­
kas­Tan. amis Sem­deg per­di­ka Se­u­er­Tda aTe­ne­lebs qal­ki­del­Ta
wi­na­aR­mdeg laS­qro­ba­Si.
aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra ki isev ga­nag­rZob­da cur­vas pe­lo­po­ne­sis
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sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv. maT xelT ig­des ko­rin­Tel­Ta qa­la­qi so­li­
o­si, ag­reT­ve as­ta­ko­si, sa­i­da­nac gan­dev­nes ti­ra­ni evar­qo­si da
qve­ya­na aTe­nis kav­Sir­Si Car­Tes. ke­fa­le­nia ki maT ub­rZol­ve­
lad da­neb­da. gar­kve­u­li xnis Sem­deg es­kad­ra Sin dab­run­da.
zaf­xu­lis mi­wu­ruls aTe­ne­le­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di Za­le­bi pe­rik­
lesis sar­dlo­biT me­ga­ris mi­wa­ze Se­iW­rnen. Si­ni­sa­ken mo­ma­val
es­kad­ras am am­bav­ma egi­nas­Tan mi­us­wro da isic me­ga­ris­ken
ga­eS
­ u­ra. es iyo aTe­nel­Ta udi­desi laS­qa­ri, ro­me­lic odes­me
erT ad­gi­las Sek­re­bi­la – aTi aTa­si hop­li­ti mo­qa­la­qis, sa­mi
aTa­si hop­li­ti me­te­kisa da mra­va­li msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li
qve­iT
­ isgan Semdgari. qvey­nis aox­re­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bi ukan
gab­run­dnen. am­gvar laS­qro­bebs isi­ni yo­vel­wli­u­rad awy­ob­
dnen, sa­nam ni­sea ar da­i­ka­ves.
aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­ka­ves ukac­ri­e­li kun­Zu­li ata­lan­ta da iq
si­mag­re aa­Se­nes, ra­Ta ev­bea lok­re­bis mxri­dan da­ec­vaT.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars evar­qos­ma ko­rin­Tel­Ta laS­qris, xo­mal­
de­bisa da mo­qi­rav­ne­Ta Za­le­biT da­ib­ru­na xe­li­suf­le­ba as­ta­
kos­Si. akar­na­ni­is sxva qvey­neb­Si ki ko­rin­Te­leb­ma war­ma­te­bas
ve­Rar mi­aR­wi­es da ukan gab­run­dnen. gzad isi­ni ke­fa­le­ni­a­ze
ga­das­xdnen, mag­ram kra­ni­e­bis ve­ra­gu­li Tav­das­xmis Sem­deg raz­
mis na­wi­li da­kar­ges da kun­Zu­li da­to­ves.
ima­ve zam­Tars aTe­ne­leb­ma Zve­li Cve­u­le­bi­s mixedviT om­Si
da­Ru­pul meb­rZol­Ta sa­ze­i­mo dak­rZal­va mo­awy­ves. dak­rZal­
vam­de sa­mi dRiT ad­re neSts as­ve­neb­dnen ka­rav­Si da yve­las Se­eZ­
lo mis­Tvis ra­me mi­er­Tmi­a. dak­rZal­vis dRes mic­va­le­bu­lebs
mi­as­ve­neben kvi­pa­ro­sis ku­bo­Ti (Ti­To fi­le­dan da­Ru­pu­lTa
naS­Tebs erT ku­bo­Si aTav­se­ben), ase­ve mo­aqvT xa­li­Ca­ga­da­fa­
re­bu­li ca­ri­e­li sa­re­ce­li ug­zo­-ukvlod da­kar­gul­TaT­vis.
pro­ce­si­as yvela msur­ve­li uer­Tde­ba. da­Ru­pul me­om­rebs
krZa­la­ven sa­xel­mwi­fo sa­mar­xSi aTe­nis ula­ma­zes ga­re­u­ban­Si.
ga­mo­nak­li­si mxo­lod ma­ra­To­nis gmi­re­bis­Tvis da­uS­ves – isi­ni
brZo­lis vel­ze ari­an dak­rZa­lu­li. dak­rZal­va­ze ga­mo­saTx­o­var
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sity­vas war­moT­qvams ka­ci, vi­sac mi­si Wku­i­sa da dam­sa­xu­re­bis
ga­mo upir­ve­le­sad mi­iC­ne­ven Ta­na­mo­qa­la­qe­ni. am­je­rad ga­mom­
svle­lad pe­rik­lesi air­Ci­es.
`Ce­mam­de aq ga­mo­sul­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba aqeb­da da­Ru­pul­Ta
saf­lav­Tan maT pa­tiv­sa­ce­mad sity­vis war­moT­qmis wess, rad­
gan gvmar­Tebs pa­ti­vi mi­va­goT brZo­la­Si da­ce­mulT. me ki vam­
jo­bi­neb­di, im mo­qa­la­qe­ebs, vinc saq­miT ga­mo­i­Ci­na gmi­ro­ba,
saq­miT­ve mi­va­goT pa­ti­vi da ma­Ti gmi­ro­bis Se­fa­seba ar iyos
ga­mom­svle­lis mWev­rmety­ve­le­ba­ze da­mo­ki­de­bu­li. mar­Tlac,
Zne­lia ipo­vo Se­sa­fe­ri­si sity­ve­bi iq, sa­dac rTu­lia msme­ne­
li naT­qva­mi­sad­mi ndo­biT ga­nawy­o. mov­le­neb­Si garkveul da
Ta­nag­rZno­biT gan­wyo­bil aTe­nels sity­va sus­tad mo­eC­ve­ne­ba
imas­Tan Se­da­re­biT, rac icis da ri­s mos­me­nac surs. ucxo ki
ro­ca imas mo­is­mens, ra­sac Tvi­Ton ver Ca­i­den­da, Su­riT aRiv­
se­ba da gmi­ro­bas ga­da­War­be­bu­lad mi­iC­nevs. mag­ram, rad­gan
Cvens wi­nap­rebs es Cve­u­le­ba da­ud­ge­ni­aT, mec da­ve­mor­Ci­le­bi
da vec­de­bi Ti­To­e­u­li msme­ne­lis sur­vi­li­sa da moTx­ov­ni­le­
bis dak­ma­yo­fi­le­bas.
da­viwy­eb wi­nap­re­biT. Cven gvmar­Tebs ma­Ti mo­go­ne­ba. isi­ni
am qve­ya­na­Si cxov­rob­dnen odiT­gan­ve da Ta­vi­an­Ti gmi­ro­biT
igi dRe­van­dlam­de Se­mog­vi­na­xes. ki­dev me­ti qe­bis Rir­sni ari­an
Cve­ni ma­me­bi, rom­leb­mac wi­na­par­Ta da­na­to­va­ri ga­am­rav­les da
Cven di­di sa­xel­mwi­fo gvi­an­der­Zes. Cven, dRe­van­del­ma mo­wi­
ful­ma Ta­ob
­ am, ki­dev uf­ro gan­vam­tki­ceT mi­si Zli­e­re­ba. Cven
mi­ve­ciT qve­ya­nas sru­li da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba da mo­vam­za­deT igi
ro­gorc omis, ase­ve mSvi­do­bi­saT­vis. Cve­ni sag­mi­ro saq­me­e­bi sxva
qvey­ne­bis dapy­robi­sas Tu Se­mo­se­ul
­ i mtre­bis­gan Tav­dac­vi­sas
sa­yo­vel­Ta­od
­ aa cno­bi­li da maT­ze aRar vi­la­pa­ra­keb. sa­nam
da­ce­mulT, vi­sac dRes vkrZa­lavT, xot­bas Se­vas­xam­de, vity­vi
Cve­ni qvey­nis sa­xel­mwi­fo wyo­bis Se­sa­xeb, ra­mac dRe­van­de­li
si­di­a­de mog­vi­ta­na. vfiq­rob, dRes es un­da ga­vix­se­noT da msme­
ne­lis­Tvi­sac sa­sar­geb­lo iq­ne­ba amis mos­me­na.
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Cve­ni sa­xel­mwi­fo ucxo ni­mu­Sis mi­xed­viT ar mog­viwy­vi­a.
pi­ri­qiT, Cven varT sxvis­Tvis sa­ma­ga­li­To. da rad­gan Cvens
qve­ya­nas mar­Tavs ara ada­mi­an­Ta mci­re jgu­fi, ara­med xal­xi, am
wyo­bas de­mok­ra­tia hqvi­a. ker­Zo saq­me­eb­Si yve­la Ta­nas­wo­ria
ka­no­nis wi­na­Se. xo­lo rac sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­mes Se­e­xe­ba, sa­pa­tio
Ta­nam­de­bo­beb­ze vir­CevT ga­mor­Ce­ulT, ara ro­me­li­me wo­de­bi­
sad­mi kuT­vni­le­bis mi­xed­viT, ara­med pi­ra­di Rir­se­be­bis ga­mo.
Tu kacs qvey­nis sam­sa­xu­ri Se­uZ­li­a, mas ama­Si xels ver Se­uS­lis
si­Ra­ri­be, mda­bio war­mo­So­ba an da­ba­li sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi mdgo­
ma­re­ob
­ a. Cven Ta­vi­suf­lad vcxov­robT da yo­vel­dRi­u­ro­ba­Si
me­zo­bel­sac ar va­wu­xebT zed­me­ti eW­vi­Ta da Wku­is da­ri­ge­
biT. sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv cxov­re­ba­Si vi­cavT ka­no­nebs, maT mi­marT
pa­ti­vis­ce­mis ga­mo, ve­mor­Ci­le­biT xe­li­suf­le­ba­sa da ka­nons,
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT Cag­rul­Ta da­sa­ca­vad dad­ge­nils da da­u­we­rel
we­sebs, ro­mel­Ta dar­Rve­vac sa­Ta­ki­lod iT­vle­ba.
Sro­mi­sa da sa­dar­de­lis­gan dasvenebisas vawy­obT Ta­ma­Seb­sa
da dRe­sas­wa­u­lebs, xo­lo oja­xu­ri siT­bo aqar­vebs yo­vel­
dRi­ur saz­ru­navs. Cve­ni qvey­nis ba­zar­ze mTe­li msof­li­o­dan
mo­ed
­ i­ne­ba yve­la­fe­ri, rac gvWir­de­ba – ucxo na­war­miT ise­ve
Ta­vi­suf­lad vsar­geb­lobT, ro­gorc sa­ku­Ta­riT.
sam­xed­ro saq­me­Sic sxvebisgan gan­sxva­ve­bu­li we­se­bi gvaqvs.
Cven yve­las vuS­vebT Cvens qve­ya­na­Si da ar vuS­liT ucx­o­e­lebs
mis gac­no­bas imis Si­SiT, rom Cvens sa­i­dum­los ga­i­ge­ben. Cven xom,
Zi­ri­Ta­dad, sa­ku­Tar si­ma­ma­ces vey­rdno­biT da ara sam­xed­ro
eS­ma­ko­bebs. Cve­ni mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge mi­si aR­zrdis sis­te­miT cdi­
lobs bav­Svo­bi­dan mkac­ri dis­cip­li­niT ga­mo­u­mu­Sa­os ymaw­vils
vaJ­ka­co­ba, Cven ki Ta­vi­suf­lad vcxov­robT, am­gva­ri sim­kac­ris
ga­re­Se da ma­inc mxned veb­rZviT Ta­nas­wor me­to­qes. ai das­tu­ric:
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad iW­re­bi­an Cvens mi­wa­ze,
Cven ki mar­to­ni ves­xmiT Tavs maT me­zob­lebs da io­lad vZlevT,
mi­ux­ e­da­vad imi­sa, rom isi­ni sa­ku­Ta­ri qo­ne­bis da­sa­ca­vad ib­rZvi­
an. mte­ri jer arasdros Sex­ved­ria mTel Cvens sam­xed­ro Za­las,
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rad­gan Cven er­Tdro­u­lad gvi­wevs xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­vac da xme­
leT­zec sxvada­sxva ad­gi­las raz­me­bis gag­zav­nac. erT raz­mTan
Se­ta­ke­ba­Si Tu mi­aR­we­ven war­ma­te­bas, Ta­vi ise mo­aqvT, TiT­qos
aTe­nel­Ta ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bul laS­qars sZli­es, mar­cxis Sem­Txve­va­Sic
ir­wmu­ne­bi­an, TiTqos mTel Cvens Za­leb­Tan da­mar­cxdnen. Cve­ni
upi­ra­te­so­ba ima­Si­a, rom xi­faTs ar ga­vur­bi­varT ara mZi­me var­
ji­Sis Cve­vi­sa da ka­no­nis moTx­ov­na­Ta ga­mo, ara­med si­cocx­lis
xa­li­si­sa da Tan­da­yo­li­li si­ma­ma­cis ga­mo. Cven ar gva­dar­debs
mo­ma­va­li saf­rTxe, rTul mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si ki ara­nak­leb vaJ­ka­
co­bas vi­CenT, vid­re is, vinc mZi­me Sro­miT mud­mi­vad amis­Tvis
em­za­de­ba. sxva­Ta So­ris, Cve­ni qve­ya­na ami­Tac iw­vevs ga­o­ce­bas.
mSve­ni­er
­ e­bas ves­wraf­viT mflan­gve­lo­bis ga­re­Se da Cve­ni
ga­ta­ce­ba mec­ni­e­re­biT ar vnebs su­li­er Za­las. sim­did­res va­fa­
sebT, radgan mi­si go­niv­ru­lad mox­ma­reba Se­iZ­le­ba. si­Ra­ri­be ar
aris Cven­Tan sa­mar­cxi­no, mag­ram sa­Ta­ki­lo­a, Tu ka­ci ar cdi­lobs
Ta­vi­si Sro­miT dasZ­li­os igi. Cve­ni xal­xi ker­Zo da sa­zo­ga­do
saq­miT er­Tdro­u­lad aris da­ka­ve­bu­li. mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom
yve­la sa­ku­Tar saq­me­Sia ga­wa­fu­li, Ti­To­e­u­li mo­qa­la­qe kar­gad
er­kve­va po­li­ti­ka­Si. rad­gan mxo­lod Cven mi­viC­nevT sa­zo­ga­
do­eb­riv saq­me­Ta­gan Sors mdgom kacs ara ­sa­i­me­do mo­qa­la­qed,
ara­med usar­geb­lo uq­na­rad. Cven ar vfiq­robT, rom sa­zo­ga­do
saq­mes av­nebs sa­ja­ro gan­xil­va. pi­ri­qiT, aras­wo­rad mig­vaC­nia
mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­be­bis mo­um­za­deb­lad, gan­sjis ga­re­
Se mi­Re­ba. mi­ux
­ e­da­vad imi­sa, rom ma­mac­ni varT, Cven jer kar­gad
dav­geg­mavT da Sem­deg Ca­vig­debT Tavs saf­rTxe­Si, sxveb­Si ki
ume­ca­ri SezR­u­du­lo­baa gam­be­da­o­bis, xo­lo sa­Ri gan­sja – ga­da­
uwy­ve­te­lo­bis mi­ze­zi. nam­dvil vaJ­ka­cad mxo­lod is Se­iZ­le­ba
mi­viC­ni­oT, vinc mwa­rec icis da tkbi­lic da swo­red amis ga­mo
ar ga­ur­bis xi­faTs. gul­ke­Ti­lo­ba Cven gan­sxva­ve­bu­lad gves­mis,
vid­re ada­mi­a­ne­bis um­rav­les na­wils: me­gob­rebs vi­ZenT ara imis
mi­xed­viT, ras vi­RebT maT­gan, ara­med imiT, Tu rag­var me­gob­ro­
bas vi­CenT maT mi­marT. uf­ro san­do me­go­ba­ri swo­red is aris,
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vinc sam­sa­xurs uwevs me­o­res da dam­sa­xu­re­bul mad­li­e­re­bas
Sem­dgo­mi sam­sa­xu­riT am­tki­cebs. nak­le­bad san­doa ka­ci, ro­me­
lic ke­Til saq­mes val­de­bu­le­bis ga­mo ake­Tebs da ara wrfe­li
gu­liT. Cven er­Ta­der­Ti varT, vinc sxvas uan­ga­rod ex­ma­re­ba.
mok­led, me vam­tki­ceb, rom Cve­ni qve­ya­na sa­ni­mu­Soa mTe­li
ela­di­saT­vis da Ti­To­e­ul Cven­­gans Se­uZ­lia kar­gad war­mo­a­
Ci­nos Ta­vi sru­li­ad gan­sxva­ve­bul vi­Ta­re­ba­Si. Ce­mi sity­ve­bis
si­mar­Tles adas­tu­rebs Cve­ni qvey­nis Zle­va­mo­si­le­ba, ro­mel­
sac swo­red Cve­ni wyo­bis meS­ve­o­biT mi­vaR­wi­eT. Ta­na­med­ro­ve
qvey­ne­bi­dan mxo­lod Cve­ni aris si­nam­dvi­le­Si ima­ze Zli­e­ri,
ra sa­xe­lic mas aqvs. mters ar Ser­cxve­ba masTan mar­cxi, xo­lo
qve­Sev­rdo­mi ver da­i­Civ­lebs mmar­Tvel­Ta ara­ra­o­bas. Ta­na­
med­ro­ve­Ta da Cve­ni STa­mo­mav­lo­bis ga­sa­oc­rad Cven di­di
saq­me­e­biT da­va­das­tu­reT Cve­ni qvey­nis Zle­va­mo­si­le­ba. Cven
gan­sa­di­deb­lad ar gvWir­de­ba ho­me­ro­si. Cven­ma si­ma­ma­cem ga­dag­
vi­Sa­la zRvac da xme­le­Tic da yvel­gan sa­mu­da­mo Zeg­li dag­
vid­ga. swo­red ase­Ti qvey­ni­saT­vis da­des Ta­vi am me­om­reb­ma da
cocx­lad dar­Ce­ni­le­bic yve­la­ni si­xa­ru­liT Se­ve­wi­re­biT mas.
ami­tom vi­sa­ub­re am­de­ni Cve­ni qvey­nis di­de­bis Se­sa­xeb. min­
do­da meC­ve­ne­bi­na, rom Cven bev­rad uf­ro mets vi­cavT, vid­re
is xal­xi, vi­sac msgav­si ram ar ga­aC­ni­a, da min­do­da mo­me­ta­na
da­Ru­pul­Ta gmi­ro­bis uty­u­a­ri sa­bu­Ti. Zi­ri­Ta­di uk­ve iT­qva.
rad­gan yve­la­fers, ra­sac me aq xot­ba Se­vas­xi, Cve­ni qve­ya­na am
gmi­reb­s un­da umad­lo­des. mTel ela­da­Si co­ta Tu mo­i­Zeb­ne­ba
ise­Ti, vi­si sa­xe­lic am­de­nad­ve Se­e­sa­ba­me­ba mis dam­sa­xu­re­bas.
maTi aRsasruli si­cocx­lis sa­xe­lo­va­ni da­sas­ru­li­a. vinc
ad­re Ta­vis mo­va­le­o­bas ar as­ru­leb­da, sam­Sob­lo­saT­vis brZo­
liT Se­uZ­lia Zvel Se­co­de­ba­Ta ga­mos­yid­va. am gmi­reb­ma ki ar
da­kar­ges mxne­o­ba, ar am­jo­bi­nes sim­did­riT tkbo­ba an gam­did­
re­bis ime­diT ar Se­uS
­ in­dnen saf­rTxes. sam­Sob­lo­saT­vis Ta­vis
da­de­ba maT udi­des siq­ve­led mi­iC­ni­es. udi­de­si gan­sac­de­lis
Jams maT mo­is
­ ur­ves Seb­mod­nen mters, da­iv
­ iwy­es yve­la­fe­ri da
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sa­ku­Tar Za­lebs da­en­dnen. maT sik­vdi­li am­jo­bi­nes daT­mo­bas,
ri­Tac Ta­vi­dan ai­ci­les sim­xda­lis bral­de­ba, da­a­mar­cxes Si­Si
da sa­mu­da­mo sa­xe­li mo­i­po­ves.
maT pir­naT­lad mo­i­xa­des va­li qvey­nis wi­na­Se. cocx­lad
dar­Ce­ni­leb­ma Rmer­Tebs un­da vTxo­voT, rom bed­ma me­tad gag­
vi­Ri­mos, mag­ram mtris mi­marT Cvenc maTsaviT Se­ud­re­ke­li
un­da vi­yoT. mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ume­te­so­ba mxo­lod ora­to­ris­gan nu
Se­ity­obs, ra kar­gia mtris mo­ge­ri­eb
­ a, ara­med Ti­To­e­ul Tqven­
gans yo­vel­dRi­u­rad unda hqon­des qvey­nis mSve­ni­e­re­bi­Ta da
miR­we­ve­biT tkbo­bis sa­Su­a­le­ba. ro­de­sac qvey­nis si­di­a­diT
ia­ma­yebT, gax­sov­deT, rom ar­se­bob­dnen Rir­se­ul
­ i ada­mi­an
­ e­bi,
vinc ico­da, ra aris va­li, da aRas­ru­la igi. maT wa­ru­ma­teb­
lo­bis dro­sac ar da­u­kar­gavT Rir­se­ba da qve­ya­nas um­Sve­ni­e­
re­si – sa­ku­Ta­ri si­cocx­le Ses­wi­res. amiT maT sa­u­ku­no sa­xe­li
mo­i­po­ves. am­gva­ri xal­xia Cven­Tvis sa­ma­ga­li­To. bed­ni­e­re­bad
mi­iC­ni­eT Ta­vi­suf­le­ba, xo­lo Ta­vi­suf­le­bad – si­ma­ma­ce, da
mxned Sex­vdiT oms. ga­Wir­ve­bul­ma da ui­me­dom ris­Tvis un­da
ib­rZo­los, mag­ram sam­Sob­lo­saT­vis Tav­gan­wir­va mar­Tebs mas,
vi­sac wa­ru­ma­te­be­li omi cxov­re­bas da­um­Zi­mebs. ke­Til­So­bi­li
ada­mi­a­ni­saT­vis dam­ci­re­ba sik­vdil­ze ua­re­si­a, aR­sas­ru­li ki
um­tkiv­ne­u­lo xde­ba, Tu sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­lis Seg­rZne­bi­Ta da sa­er­
To saq­mis war­ma­te­bis ime­diT kvde­bi.
am­de­nad, me ar vglo­vob da­Ru­pul­Ta mSob­leb­Tan er­Tad da
miv­mar­Tav maT nu­ge­Sis sity­ve­biT. bed­ni­e­ria is, vi­sac ase­Ti
gmiruli aR­sas­ru­li eRir­sa an Tqven­sa­viT ke­Til­So­bi­li mwu­
xa­re­ba er­go. mes­mis, rom Zne­lia ga­gi­qarvoT Svi­lis sik­vdi­liT
ga­mow­ve­u­li mwu­xa­re­ba, Tqve­ni da­kar­gu­li bed­ni­e­re­ba yo­vel­
Tvis ga­gax­sen­de­baT, ro­de­sac sxvi­sas da­i­na­xavT. ga­nuc­del
bed­ni­er
­ e­bas ar mo­aqvs tki­vi­li, mag­ram SeC­ve­ul
­ is da­kar­gva
mtan­jve­li­a. Tu ki­dev axal­gaz­rda xarT da sxva Svi­lis ga­Ce­na
Se­giZ­li­aT, amiT inu­ge­SeT Ta­vi. axa­li bav­Sve­bi mSob­lis nu­ge­
Si­caa da qvey­nis Za­lac. vinc ar zru­navs bav­Sve­bis mo­ma­val­ze,
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verc Ta­na­mo­qa­la­qe­TaTvis sa­sar­geb­lo da sa­mar­Tli­an ga­dawy­
ve­ti­le­bas mi­iR
­ ebs. mo­xu­ceb­ma ki ga­ix­ a­reT imiT, rom si­cocx­lis
di­di na­wi­li bed­ni­e­rad gan­vleT da co­ta­Ra dag­rCaT, dar­Ce­nil
dRe­ebs ki Svi­le­bis di­de­ba da­gim­Sve­nebT. di­de­bi­sad­mi ltol­va
aras­dros qre­ba. im asak­Sic ki, ro­de­sac ka­ci sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis­Tvis
usar­geb­lo xde­ba, mas yve­la­ze me­tad pa­ti­vi swyu­ri­a.
gmi­re­bis va­Jeb­sa da Zmebs ga­gi­Wir­de­baT maT sa­xel­Tan
Se­jib­ri da udi­de­si vaJ­ka­co­bi­Tac mxo­lod mi­u­ax­lov­de­biT
maT di­de­bas. si­cocx­le­Si Rir­se­u­li xal­xi Surs aR­Zravs da
mxo­lod mic­va­le­bu­lebs as­xa­men uSur­ve­lad xot­bas (i­si­ni
xom me­to­qe­e­bi aRar ari­an). un­da Se­ve­xo daq­vri­ve­bul qal­Ta
siq­ve­les da maT es rCe­va miv­ce: nu da­kar­gavT qa­lur bu­ne­bas
ro­gorc me­uR­le­e­bi da mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi; Tqve­ni udi­de­si dam­sa­
xu­re­ba iq­ne­ba, Tu ka­ce­bi Tqven­ze ara­fers ity­vi­an, arc augs
da arc sa­qe­bars.
Cve­ni wi­nap­re­bis we­si­sa­mebr, da­Ru­pul­Ta pa­tiv­sa­ce­mad me
vTqvi, ri­si Tqmac sa­Wi­rod mi­maC­nda. qve­ya­nam na­wi­lob­riv mi­a­go
maT pa­ti­vi am ce­re­mo­ni­a­liT, da is iz­ru­nebs maT Svi­leb­ze­dac
srul­wlo­va­ne­bam­de. es ma­Ra­li jil­do­a, gvir­gvi­nis msgav­si,
ra­sac gmi­re­bis Svi­le­bi im­sa­xu­re­ben. qve­ya­na­Si, sa­dac vaJ­ka­
co­ba fas­de­ba, mo­qa­la­qe­e­bic vaJ­ka­ce­bi ari­an.~
ase das­rul­da omis pir­ve­li we­li. mom­dev­no zaf­xu­lis
dad­go­mis­Ta­na­ve pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta da maT mo­kav­Si­re­Ta Za­le­bis
ori me­sa­me­di ar­qi­da­mosis sar­dlo­biT kvlav Se­iW­ra ati­ka­Si
da qvey­nis rbe­va da­iwy­o. mtris ga­mo­Ce­ni­dan ram­de­ni­me dRis
Sem­deg aTen­Si epidemiis pir­ve­li Sem­Txve­ve­bi aRi­niS­na. msgav­si
Wi­ri ad­rec yo­fi­la sxva­das­xva ad­gi­las, mag­ram is aras­dros
gav­rce­le­bu­la ase swra­fad da aras­dros um­sxver­plia am­de­ni
ada­mi­a­ni. mis wi­na­Se uZ­lu­ri iyo yvela da yvelaferi da xal­xi
sa­so­war­kve­Ti­le­bam mo­ic­va.
ro­gorc am­bo­ben, Wi­ri eTi­o­pi­a­Si gaC­nda, iqi­dan jer eg­vip­
te­sa da li­bi­as, Sem­deg spar­se­Tis me­fis mTel sam­flo­be­los
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mo­e­do. mo­u­lod­ne­lad ifeT­qa aTen­Sic. jer pi­re­osSi ga­moC­
nda, me­re ki ze­mo qa­laq­Sic avi­da da msxver­plis ra­o­de­no­ba
mkveT­rad ga­i­zar­da.
sne­ul
­ e­ba ma­Ra­li sicx­i­Ta da Tva­le­bis da­wiT­le­biT iwy­eb
­ o­
da da swra­fad ede­bo­da mTel or­ga­nizms. avad­myofs sun­Tqva
uWir­da da wyur­vi­li ax­rCob­da. um­rav­le­so­ba meS­vi­de an mecx­re
dRes kvde­bo­da, vinc kri­ziss ga­da­i­tan­da, xSirad si­sus­tis­gan
­kvdeboda an xe­i­brdeboda.
se­ni ganurCevlad ce­lav­da mdi­dar­sa da Ra­ribs, kar­gad
mov­lil­sa da upat­ro­nos. am ube­du­re­bis yve­la­ze mZi­me Se­de­
gi ma­inc su­li­e­ri da­ce­ma iyo: vinc Tavs Se­uZ­lod ig­rZnob­
da, imeds gadaiwuravda da sik­vdils elo­da. avad­myo­fo­ba
ga­dam­de­bi iyo da sne­ul­Ta mov­las mxo­lod Wirmoxdilebi
da gadarCenilebi be­dav­dnen. mar­Tlac, se­ni ada­mi­ans me­o­red
aRar eka­re­bo­da.
aTe­nel­Ta ube­du­re­bas am­Zaf­reb­da isic, rom qa­laq­Si uam­ra­
vi ltol­vi­li iyo. bi­ne­bi ar hyof­ni­daT, mTe­li qa­la­qi mo­mak­
vda­ve­bi­Ta da gva­me­biT iyo sav­se. dak­rZal­vis we­sebs aRa­ra­vin
icav­da. sa­ku­Tar mic­va­le­buls yve­la ise asaf­la­veb­da, ro­gorc
Se­eZ­lo. usax­sro­bis ga­mo zo­gi na­mus­ze sul iReb­da xels da
sxvis­Tvis gam­za­de­bul ko­cons epat­ro­ne­bo­da.
sa­er­Tod, Wir­ma aTen­Si uka­no­no­ba war­moS­va. ra­sac ad­re
ma­lu­lad Tu Ca­i­den­da ka­ci, ax­la amas aS­ka­rad da utif­rad
kad­ru­lob­da. uceb Se­ic­va­la yve­la­fe­ri: mdi­da­ri kvde­bo­da
da uqo­ne­li euf­le­bo­da mis qo­ne­bas. rad­gan si­cocx­le da
sim­did­re gar­da­ma­val Ri­re­bu­le­bad iq­ca, yve­la wu­Ti­er si­a­
mov­ne­bas es­wra­fo­da. amaRlebuli miz­nis­Tvis Ta­vis ga­wir­va
aRa­ra­vis sur­da, rad­gan ar ico­da, mo­es­wre­bo­da Tu ara na­natr
momavals. gan­cxro­ma upir­ve­les da um­Sve­ni­e­res saq­med iq­ca.
aRar aka­veb­da kacs bo­ro­te­bis­gan aRarc Rmer­Te­bis da aRarc
ka­no­nis Si­Si, rad­gan yve­la er­Tna­i­rad ixo­ce­bo­da da ara­vin
ico­da, icocx­leb­da Tu ara ka­no­ni­er sas­je­lam­de. uf­ro mZi­me
81
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ga­na­Ce­ni xom uk­ve ga­mo­ta­ni­li iyo da mis aR­sru­le­bam­de yve­las
un­do­da si­cocx­liT dam­tkba­ri­yo.
ase­Ti iyo aTe­nel­Ta ga­sa­Wi­ri: qa­laq­Si maT Wi­ri av­leb­da
musrs, ga­reT ki mte­ri aCa­na­geb­da maT mi­was.
dab­lo­bis aox­re­bis Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi pa­ra­li­is ol­qSi
Se­iW­rnen da mi­aR­wi­es lav­ri­o­nis mTebs, sa­dac aTe­nel­Ta ver­
cxlis sa­ba­do­e­bi mde­ba­re­ob­da. maT jer pe­lo­po­ne­sis mo­pir­
da­pi­re sa­na­pi­ro da­laS­qres, Sem­deg ki – ev­be­a­sa da an­dro­sis
mxa­res mde­ba­re. pe­rik­lesi, ro­me­lic isev aTe­nel­Ta stra­te­
go­sad rCe­bo­da, aka­veb­da maT brZo­la­Si Cab­mi­sa­gan.
ro­de­sac mtris laS­qa­ri pa­ra­li­is ol­qSi da­Ta­re­Sob­da,
pe­rik­lesma brZa­na asi xo­mal­dis aR­Wur­va pe­lo­po­ne­sis na­pi­re­
bis da­sa­laS­qrad. xo­mal­deb­ze oTxi aTa­si hop­li­ti da sa­ma­si
mxe­da­ri das­xes (es iyo pir­ve­li Sem­Txve­va, ro­de­sac ge­me­bi
ka­va­le­ri­is ga­da­say­va­nad mo­awy­ves). laS­qro­bas Se­u­er­Tdnen
qi­o­se­le­bi da les­bo­se­le­bi or­moc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­diT. es­kad­ra
Tav­da­pir­ve­lad epi­dav­ross da­es­xa Tavs, qve­ya­na aa­ox­ra, mag­
ram qa­la­qi ver ai­Ro. Sem­deg tro­i­Ze­ne, h
H­ a­li­a­si da her­mi­o­ni­si
ga­a­Ca­na­ga. bo­los aTe­ne­le­bi la­ko­ni­is sa­na­pi­ro qa­laq pra­si­ass
mi­ad­gnen. qve­ya­na da­ar­bi­es, qa­la­qi ai­Res da da­an­gri­es. ro­ca
aTe­ne­le­bi Sin dab­run­dnen, pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta ja­ri ati­ki­dan
uk­ve wa­su­li iyo.
sa­nam pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ati­ka­Si iy­vnen, aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­
bi ki – zRva­Si, Wi­ri mZvin­va­reb­da qa­laq­Sic da aTe­nis jar­Sic.
am­bo­ben, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ati­ka swo­red Wi­ris Si­SiT
da­to­ves. Tum­ca am wels ma­Ti ati­ka­Si Ta­re­Si yve­la­ze xan­
grZli­vi iyo da or­moc dRes grZel­de­bo­da.
ima­ve zaf­xuls hag­non­ma da kle­o­pom­pos­ma, pe­rik­lesis
Ta­nas­tra­te­go­seb­ma, ga­da­i­ba­res laS­qa­ri da es­kad­ra da Tra­
ki­is sa­na­pi­ros­ken gas­wi­es qal­ki­del­Ta da po­tei­dai­el­Ta wi­na­
aR­mdeg. maT poteidaias ga­la­vans sa­al­yo man­qa­ne­bi mi­a­ye­nes,
mag­ram verc qa­la­qi ai­Res da verc ra­me sxva war­ma­te­bas mi­aR­
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wi­es. aTe­ne­lebs aqac Wi­ri da­er
­ i­a. hag­non­ma or­moc dRe­Si oTxi
aTa­si­dan aTas xu­Ta­si hop­li­ti da­kar­ga da ukan gab­run­da.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta me­o­re Se­mo­se­vam da Wir­ma aTe­nel­Ta gan­wyo­
bi­le­ba mkveT­rad Sec­va­la. isi­ni pe­rik­less ada­na­Sa­u­leb­dnen
yve­la ube­du­re­ba­Si, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan ki da­za­ve­ba ga­dawy­
vi­tes da el­Ce­bic ki gag­zav­nes, mag­ram Se­degs ver mi­aR­wi­es.
mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ga­sam­xne­veb­lad pe­rik­lesma sa­xal­xo kre­ba mo­iw­via
da Sek­re­bilT ase mi­mar­Ta:
`me ve­lo­di Tqvens aR­Sfo­Te­bas, mes­mis amis mi­ze­zi da Seg­
kri­beT, ra­Ta migiTiToT, rom usa­mar­Tlod msay­ve­du­robT da
ga­sa­Wirs neb­de­biT. Ce­mi az­riT, qvey­nis ay­va­ve­ba met sar­ge­bels
mo­u­tans cal­ke­ul mo­qa­la­qes, vid­re er­Te­ul­Ta ke­Til­dRe­o­ba
sa­er­To da­ce­mis pi­ro­beb­Si. rogor kar­ga­dac un­da mis­di­o­des
saq­me ker­Zo pirs, sam­Sob­los daRup­va mis­Tvi­sac sa­be­dis­we­ro
iq­ne­ba, xo­lo bed­ni­er qve­ya­na­Si uiR­blo­sac aqvs saq­mis ga­mos­
wo­re­bis ime­di. am­de­nad, rad­gan qve­ya­nas Se­uZ­lia cal­ke­ul
mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ube­du­re­bis ata­na, mo­qa­la­qe ki ver ga­da­i­tans
qvey­nis ube­du­re­bas, um­jo­be­sia er­Tad da­vic­vaT sam­Sob­lo
da ar mo­iq­ceT ise, ro­gorc ax­la iq­ce­viT: sa­ku­Tar ga­sa­Wir­Si
Caf­lu­le­bi aRar zru­navT qve­ya­na­ze, msay­ve­du­robT me, rom
omi gir­Ci­eT, da say­ve­du­robT sa­ku­Tar Tavs, rom da­mi­je­reT.
Tqven bra­zobT kac­ze, vi­sac sxva­ze nak­le­bad ar es­mis, ro­gor
un­da sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­me­e­bis gaZR­o­la, vi­sac Se­uZ­lia amis sxvis­
Tvis ax­sna, vi­sac uan­ga­rod uy­vars sam­Sob­lo. vinc saq­me­Si
kar­gad er­kve­va, mag­ram sxvis­Tvis ax­sna ar Se­uZ­li­a, araf­riT
sjobs ume­cars. vi­sac ori­ve xe­le­wi­fe­ba, ni­Wi­e­ric aris da
mWev­rmety­ve­lic, mag­ram qvey­ni­sad­mi siy­va­ru­li ar amoZ­ra­
vebs, is ar mog­cemT karg rCe­vas; da bo­los, vi­sac sam­Sob­lo
uy­vars, mag­ram fu­li ur­Cev­ni­a, is yve­la­fers ga­yi­dis. ami­tom,
Tu ne­ba mo­me­ciT da­mer­wmu­ne­bi­neT, rom omi da­gewy­oT, rad­gan
fiq­rob­diT, rom sa­xel­mwi­fo moR­va­wis­Tvis sa­Wi­ro Tvi­se­be­bi
sxva­ze me­tad mqon­da, ax­la ar gaqvT mizezi da­ma­da­na­Sa­u­loT.
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Tu xel­say­rel mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si xar da om­sa da mSvi­do­bas
So­ris arCevanis gakeTeba SegiZlia, omis dawy­e­ba ug­unu­re­ba
iq­ne­ba. mag­ram Tu un­da ga­a­ke­ToT ar­Ce­va­ni mtris­Tvis daT­mo­ba­sa
da da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­bi­saT­vis brZo­las So­ris, ma­Sin xi­fa­Tis­Tvis
Ta­vis ari­de­ba ar ivar­gebs. me isev Cems az­rze vdga­var, Tqven ki
Se­ic­va­leT. Tqven da­mi­je­reT, mag­ram ro­de­sac ga­sa­Wi­ri mog­
vad­ga, ina­neT da Ce­mi rCe­va mcda­rad geC­ve­ne­baT. Ce­mi geg­mis
mZi­me Se­de­gi ax­la naT­lad Cans, xo­lo upi­ra­te­so­bas jer yve­la
ver mim­xvda­ra da be­dis mZi­me da mo­u­lod­ne­li dar­tyme­bis Sem­
deg gi­WirT Tqvens Zvel ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bebs mih­yveT. mar­Ta­li­a,
ase­Ti dar­tyma Zne­li ga­da­sa­ta­nia da ar­yevs ada­mi­a­nis sa­ku­Tar
Za­leb­Si rwme­nas. Tqvenc ase da­ge­mar­TaT, pir­vel rig­Si, Wi­ris
ga­mo. mag­ram di­ad
­ i qvey­nis mo­qa­la­qe­ebs mar­TebT gan­sac­de­lis
Rir­se­u­lad ga­da­ta­na. un­da da­iv­ iwy­oT piradi ga­sa­Wi­ri da er­Ti
miz­nis gar­Se­mo ga­er­Ti­an­deT.
rac Se­e­xe­ba Tqvens eW­vebs, rom omi ga­Wi­a­nur­de­ba da Cven ver
ga­vimar­jve­bT, maT ga­sa­qar­veb­lad isic kma­ra, rac ara­er­Txel
miT­qvams Tqven­Tvis. min­da ki­dev erTi upi­ra­te­so­ba­ giTx­raT,
ra­c ad­re ar Tqmu­la – Cve­ni qvey­nis Zli­e­re­ba. arc ax­la vit­ra­
ba­xeb­di, Tqven rom sru­li­ad usa­fuZ­vlod ase daT­rgu­nu­le­bi
ar iyoT. Tqven ggo­ni­aT, rom mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze mbrZa­neb­lobT, me
ki gety­viT, rom de­da­mi­wis ze­da­pi­ris ori na­wi­li­dan – zRva da
xme­le­Ti – er­Ti mTli­a­nad Tqven ge­kuT­vniT. verc er­Ti me­fe,
verc er­Ti xal­xi amas win ver aRud­ge­ba. ami­tom Cve­ni sazR­
vao Za­le­bi me bev­rad mniS­vne­lov­nad mi­maC­ni­a, vid­re ker­Zo
sax­le­bi da mi­wa, ris da­kar­gva­sac ase mis­ti­riT. es di­dad ar
un­da ga­dar­deb­deT. Tu Ta­vi­suf­le­bas Se­vi­nar­Cu­nebT, da­na­
kar­gi er­Ti­a­Tad agi­nazR­a­ur­de­baT, sxvi­si ba­to­no­bis qveS
ki yve­la­fers dav­kar­gavT. vi­yoT Cve­ni wi­nap­re­bis Rir­seuli
STamomavlebi da Ta­ma­mad vib­rZo­loT.
im sa­pa­tio mdgo­ma­re­o­bis Se­sa­nar­Cu­neb­lad, ri­Tac ase va­ma­
yobT, mTe­li Za­le­bi un­da dav­Za­boT. nu fiq­robT, TiTqos mo­no­
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ba gve­muq­re­ba. Tu Za­la­uf­le­bas dav­kar­gavT, saf­rTxe gve­lis
maT­gan, vi­sac is sZul­da. Za­la­uf­le­ba­ze ua­ris Tqma uk­ve aRar
Seg­viZ­li­a, Tun­dac es dRes ke­Til­So­bil mSvi­do­bi­an na­bi­jad
dav­sa­xoT. Cve­ni Za­la­uf­le­ba ti­ra­ni­as hgavs, is usa­mar­Tlo­biT
mi­iR­we­va, mas­ze ua­ris Tqma ki sa­xi­fa­To­a. vinc amas gir­CevT,
qve­ya­nas Ru­pavs. mSvi­do­bi­a­ni po­li­ti­ka dam­Rup­ve­li­a, Tu mas
ga­dam­wyve­ti moq­me­de­biT ar amag­reb. did sa­xel­mwi­fos is ara­
fers ar­gebs, mxo­lod mas ga­mo­ad­ge­ba, vi­sac usaf­rTxo mo­no­ba­Si
surs cxov­re­ba.
nu ahy­ve­biT am­gvar rCe­vebs da nu jav­robT Cem­ze Cve­ni er­Tob­
li­vi ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis ga­mo mxo­lod imi­tom, rom mte­ri Cvens
qve­ya­na­Si Se­mo­iW­ra. man is qna, ra­sac ve­lo­diT. mo­ul
­ od­ne­li
Wi­ri iyo. swo­red man gan­gawy­oT Cem wi­na­aR­mdeg, mag­ram es usa­
mar­Tlo­ba­a, mo­u­lod­nel war­ma­te­ba­sac me xom ar mo­ma­wer­diT?
Rmer­Te­bis mi­er mov­le­ni­li gan­sac­de­li ud­rtvin­ve­lad un­da
mi­vi­RoT, xo­lo sab­rZo­lo – mxned. aTen­Si ad­re ase iyo da ar
Rirs am we­sis Sec­vla. gam­xnev­diT im az­riT, rom Cve­ni qve­ya­na
sir­Tu­le­ebs aras­dros Se­Si­ne­bia da ami­tom mi­aR­wia dRe­van­del
di­de­bas. xsov­na mis Se­sa­xeb sa­mu­da­mod dar­Ce­ba. emax­sov­re­baT,
rom Cven da­vi­mor­Ci­leT eli­nu­ri qvey­ne­bis di­di na­wi­li, mo­vi­
geT mra­va­li omi da Cve­ni qve­ya­na uZli­e­resad da umdid­resad
vaq­ci­eT. mar­Ta­li­a, sus­ti gag­vkicx­avs, mag­ram ma­ma­ci Seg­ve­
jib­re­ba, da Tu ver gag­vi­tol­da, Cve­ni Se­Sur­de­ba. Tu ax­la
bevrs vZul­varT, ras izam, ase­Tia Zli­e­ris be­di. mag­ram vinc
si­Zul­vils di­di miz­nis miR­we­vi­saT­vis im­kis, swo­rad iq­ce­va.
si­Zul­vi­li ga­iv­lis, sa­xe­li ki dar­Ce­ba. Tqven ki gax­sov­deT,
ra mog­vi­tans sa­xels da es­wra­fo­deT mas. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba ki ar gin­daT, nu aC­ve­nebT, rom ga­sa­Wir­ma dag­
Trgu­naT. Rir­se­u­li swo­red isaa – qve­ya­na iq­ne­ba Tu ka­ci – vinc
gan­sac­dels med­grad xvde­ba.~
ase cdi­lob­da pe­rik­lesi mo­qa­la­qe­Ta uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bis dac­
x­ro­mas da maT gam­xne­ve­bas. xal­xi mih­yva mis rCe­vas, la­ke­de­mo­
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ne­leb­Tan el­Ce­bi aRar ga­ug­zav­ni­aT da om­sac me­ti mon­do­me­biT
mo­e­kid­nen, mag­ram Tavs da­te­xil ube­du­re­bebs ma­inc Zne­lad
itan­dnen. Ra­ri­beb­ma is mci­re­dic da­kar­ges, rac aqam­de hqon­
daT, xo­lo mdid­rebs um­Zim­daT ati­ka­Si ma­mu­le­bis da­kar­gva da
cxov­re­bis ni­ris Sec­vla. pe­rik­lesis wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­ba
ma­nam ar Cam­cxra­la, sa­nam mas fu­la­di sas­je­li ar da­a­kis­res.
Tum­ca, co­ta xnis Sem­deg, ro­gorc es brbos sCve­vi­a, mas kvlav
sar­dlo­ba da qvey­nis mar­Tva Ca­a­ba­res. cal­ke­u­li mo­qa­la­qe­
e­bi Se­e­guvn­en pi­rad da­na­kargs, xo­lo ro­gorc sa­xel­mwi­fo
moR­va­we, pe­rik­lesi sa­u­ke­Te­so iyo. mSvi­do­bi­an dro­sac is
brZnu­lad da sa­mar­Tli­a­nad mar­Tav­da qve­ya­nas da omis mniS­
vne­lo­bac swo­rad Se­af
­ a­sa. omis dawy­eb
­ i­dan pe­rik­lesma ki­dev
or­we­li­wad­na­xe­va­ri icocx­la. mi­si gar­dac­va­le­bis Sem­deg aTe­
ne­le­bi dar­wmun­dnen, ram­de­nad swo­ri iyo mi­si gaT­vle­bi. igi
aTe­ne­lebs ga­mar­jve­bas uwi­nas­war­mety­ve­leb­da, Tu isi­ni ar
Se­eb­mod­nen me­to­qes brZo­lis vel­ze, ga­nam­tki­ceb­dnen sazR­
vao Za­lebs da uars ity­od­nen axal dapy­ro­beb­ze omis dros.
aTe­ne­leb­ma yve­la­fe­ri ukuR­ma qnes. om­Tan er­Ti Se­xed­viT
da­u­kav­Si­re­bel saq­me­eb­Sic ki ma­Ti po­li­ti­ka cal­ke­u­li pi­re­
bis pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­bi­Ta da si­xar­biT iyo na­kar­na­xe­vi da ara
qvey­nis da mi­si mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis in­te­re­se­biT. am wa­mowy­e­beb­Si
war­ma­te­bas sar­ge­be­li mxo­lod er­Te­u­le­bis­Tvis moh­qon­da,
mar­cxi ki mTe­li qvey­ni­sa da omis Sed­go­mi msvle­lo­bi­saT­vis
iyo dam­Rup­ve­li. gam­Wri­ax da mo­us­yi­dav pe­rik­less Ta­na­mo­qa­
la­qe­eb
­ i usazR­vro pa­tivs scem­dnen. igi ar zRu­dav­da xal­xis
Ta­vi­suf­le­bas, mag­ram arc brbos ne­bas hyve­bo­da, uf­ro Tvi­
Ton mi­uZR­o­da xalxs. is ar es­wra­fo­da Za­la­uf­le­bas ne­bis­mi­er
fa­sad, ar epir­fe­re­bo­da xalxs da sa­ku­Ta­ri sa­xe­lis wya­lo­biT
mis wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­mos­vlac Se­eZ­lo. mas Se­eZ­lo sif­rTxi­lis­
ken mo­e­wo­de­bi­na, Tu xalxs win­da­u­xe­da­vi, Tav­xe­du­ri idea
mo­xib­lav­da, an ga­em­xne­ve­bi­na gan­sac­de­l­Si sa­so­war­kve­Tili
Ta­na­mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi. amas de­mok­ra­tia er­qva, si­nam­dvi­le­Si ki
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es pir­ve­li mo­qa­la­qis mmar­Tve­lo­ba iyo. mis mem­kvid­re­Ta­gan
arc er­Ti moR­va­we ar ga­mo­ir­Ce­o­da sxva­Ta­gan, mag­ram yve­las
pir­ve­lo­ba sur­da da xal­xis ke­Til­gan­wyo­bis mo­sa­po­veb­lad
sa­xel­mwi­fo in­te­res­sac aras da­gi­dev­dnen. aqe­dan war­mo­dga
mra­va­li Sec­do­ma, maT So­ris udi­de­si iyo si­ci­li­u­ri laS­qro­ba.
is mar­cxiT das­rul­da swo­red mmar­Tvel­Ta Se­u­Tan­xmeb­lo­bis
ga­mo, romlebic laS­qro­bis war­ma­te­ba­ze ki ara, sa­ku­Tar­ze
fiq­rob­dnen, ri­Tac sa­bo­lo­od awe­wes sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­me­e­bi.
si­ci­li­a­ze ka­tas­tro­fis Sem­de­gac ki, aTeni, miuxedavad imisa,
rom laS­qri­sa da xo­mal­de­bis di­di na­wi­li da­kar­ga, ki­dev sa­mi
wlis ganmavlobaSi ibrZoda. maT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta ri­gebs am
dro­i­saT­vis Se­e­mat­nen si­ci­li­e­le­bi, gandgomili mo­kav­Si­re­
e­bi da spar­sel­Ta me­fis Ze ki­ro­si. ase da­a­das­tu­ra re­a­lo­bam
pe­rik­lesis sity­ve­bi, rom mxo­lod pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan brZo­
la­Si aTens io­lad Se­eZ­lo ga­mar­jve­ba.
ima­ve zaf­xuls la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta es­kad­ra asi xo­mal­di­sa da
aTa­si hop­li­tis Se­mad­gen­lo­biT Tavs da­es­xa Za­kin­Toss. kun­
Zu­li aa­ox­res, mag­ram ver da­i­mor­Ci­les da ukan gab­run­dnen.
zaf­xu­lis mi­wu­ruls ko­rin­Te­li aris­tev­si da pe­lo­po­ne­
sel­Ta sxva el­Ce­bi ga­em­gzav­rnen azi­a­Si me­fi­saT­vis dax­ma­re­bis
saTx­ov­ne­lad. gzad Tra­ki­a­Si si­tal­kess Sex­vdnen da Se­e­cad­
nen mis ga­da­bi­re­bas. am dros Sem­Txve­viT Tra­ki­a­Si aTe­ne­li
el­Ce­bic iy­vnen. maT da­ar­wmu­nes sa­do­ko­si, si­tal­ke­sis va­Ji
da aTe­nis mo­qa­la­qe, Se­epy­ro la­ke­de­mo­nele­bi da aTe­nel­TaT­
vis ga­da­e­ca isi­ni. aTen­Si tyve­eb
­ i ga­u­sa­mar­Tleb­lad da­xo­ces
(rad­gan eSi­no­daT, rom cocx­lad ga­dar­Ce­ni­li aris­tev­si maT
ki­dev bevr zi­ans mo­u­tan­da) da gva­me­bi uf­skrul­Si ga­da­ya­res.
aTe­ne­le­bi ar mi­iC­nev­dnen amas usa­mar­Tlod, rad­gan tyve­ebs
am­gva­rad pir­ve­lad la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mo­epy­rnen.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros aTe­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­nes oc­da­a­Ti
xo­mal­di for­mi­o­nis sar­dlo­biT am­pra­ki­e­le­bi­sa da am­fi­lo­
qi­el­Ta ar­goss So­ris kon­fliq­tis mo­sag­va­reb­lad. for­mi­on­ma
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am­fi­lo­qi­e­lebs qa­la­qi da­ub­ru­na da akar­na­ni­e­leb­Tan da­do
kav­Si­ri.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars aTe­ne­leb­ma pe­lo­po­ne­sis wyleb­Si gag­zav­
nes for­mi­o­ni oci xo­mal­diT. nav­paq­to­si­dan man ko­rin­Te­lebs
zRva­Si ga­sas­vle­li ga­da­u­ke­ta. eq­vsi xo­mal­di me­le­san­dro­sis
sar­dlo­biT ka­ri­a­sa da li­ki­a­Si ga­ig­zav­na xar­kis asak­re­fad da
sa­vaW­ro xo­mal­de­bis me­kob­re­Ta­gan da­sa­ca­vad. li­ki­a­Si me­le­san­
dro­si da­mar­cxda, raz­mis na­wi­li da­kar­ga da Ta­va­dac da­i­Ru­pa.
ima­ve zam­Tars po­ti­de­e­leb­ma ve­Rar ga­uZ­les al­yas da aTe­
nel­Ta sar­dal­Tan, qse­no­fon­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba da­iwyes da­ne­
be­bis pi­ro­beb­ze. sar­dal­ma wi­na­da­de­ba si­a­mov­ne­biT mi­i­Ro,
rad­gan jars zam­Tar­Si al­yis gag­rZe­le­ba uWir­da, Ta­nac mas­ze
uk­ve ori aTa­si ta­lan­ti da­i­xar­ja. po­tei­dai­el
­ ebs qa­la­qi­dan
uv­neb­lad ga­sv­lis, Ti­To xe­li tan­sac­m­lisa da co­ta­o­de­ni
fu­li wa­Rebisa da qal­ki­di­ka­Si ga­da­sax­le­bis uf­le­ba mis­ces.
aTe­ne­leb­ma sar­dle­bi da­a­da­na­Sa­u­les za­vis pi­ro­be­bis TviT­
ne­bu­rad dad­ge­na­Si, Sem­deg ki poteidaia­Si ko­lo­nis­te­bi gag­
zav­nes. ase das­rul­da omis me­or
­ e we­li.
momdevno zaf­xuls pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ar­qi­da­mo­sis sar­
dlo­biT pla­te­a­ze ga­i­laS­qres. pla­te­e­leb­ma Se­ax­se­nes ar­qi­
da­moss, rom qa­la­qis ked­leb­Tan mi­di­el­Ta da­mar­cxe­bis Sem­deg
la­ke­de­mo­nel­ma pav­sa­ni­as­ma msxver­pli Ses­wi­ra zevss, xo­lo
qve­ya­na pla­te­e­lebs da­ub­ru­na, ra­Ta maT Ta­vi­suf­lad emar­TaT
sa­ku­Ta­ri be­di. ma­Ti da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­bis ga­ran­ti yve­la mo­kav­
Si­re un­da yo­fi­li­yo. ax­la ki la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi fics ar­Rve­ven,
rad­gan Te­be­leb­Tan er­Tad Tavs es­xmi­an pla­te­as.
ar­qi­da­mos­ma mi­ug
­ o: `Tqve­ni sa­Ci­va­ri sa­mar­Tli­a­ni iq­ne­bo­da,
Tqven rom da­mo­u­ki­deb­le­bi iyoT da Tqve­ni yo­fi­li mo­kav­Si­re­
e­bis, aTe­nel­Ta ba­to­no­bis­gan gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bi­saT­vis ib­rZo­
deT. es omi xom swo­red elin­Ta Ta­vi­suf­le­bi­saT­vis da­iwy­o.
um­jo­be­si­a, Cven Se­mog­vi­er­TdeT an Tu es ar gsurT, da­ic­vaT
ne­it­ra­li­te­ti da Tqvens saq­me­ebs mi­xe­doT.~ pla­te­e­leb­ma es
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pi­ro­ba ver mi­i­Res, rad­gan oja­xe­bi aTen­Si hyav­daT ga­xiz­nu­li
da ar ar­se­bob­da ga­ran­ti­a, rom aTe­ne­le­bi maT Ra­la­ti­saT­vis
ar das­jid­nen. ma­Sin ar­qi­da­mos­ma Ses­Ta­va­za pla­te­e­lebs, omis
das­ru­lebam­de la­ke­de­mo­nel­TaT­vis Ca­e­ba­re­bi­naT qa­la­qi da
mi­wa. igi maT omis Sem­deg mTe­li qo­ne­bis ukan dab­ru­ne­bas hpir­
de­bo­da, omis dros ki – ma­Ti mi­wi­dan aRe­bu­li mo­sav­lis wils.
pla­te­e­leb­ma dro iTx­o­ves, ra­Ta aTe­ne­leb­Tan mo­e­TaT­bi­raT.
aTe­ne­leb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bis Sem­deg pla­te­e­leb­ma ga­dawy­
vi­tes, ar da­er­Rvi­aT maT­Tan kav­Si­ri da med­grad Sex­ved­rod­nen
gan­sac­dels. ma­Ti pa­su­xi rom mo­is­mi­na, ar­qi­da­mos­ma war­moT­qva:
`pla­te­is mfar­ve­lo Rmer­Te­bo da gmi­re­bo! da­me­mow­meT, rom
Cven Ta­vi­dan­ve ka­no­ni­e­rad mo­ve­diT aq, rad­gan pla­te­e­leb­ma
pir­ve­leb­ma da­ar­Rvi­es fi­ci. am mi­wa­ze Cven­ma wi­nap­reb­ma mo­gix­
mes saS­ve­lad da Tqve­ni dax­ma­re­biT sZli­es mi­di­el
­ ebs. Cven ar
viq­ce­viT usa­mar­Tlod, rad­gan Cve­ni sa­mar­Tli­a­ni wi­na­da­de­be­
bi uar­yves. dag­vex­ma­reT maT das­ja­Si, vinc pir­vel­ma Ca­i­di­na
usa­mar­Tlo­ba.~
ar­qi­da­mos­ma brZa­na sab­rZo­lo moq­me­de­ba­Ta dawy­e­ba. pir­
vel rig­Si qa­laqs xis me­se­ri da mi­way­ri­li Se­mo­av­les. im­de­ni
ka­ci mu­Sa­ob­da, rom qa­la­qis swra­fad aRe­bis ime­di hqon­daT.
mi­way­rils ori­ve mxri­dan xis je­bi­ri ga­u­ke­Tes, ze­mo­dan ki
daay­ares fiCxi, qva, mi­wa da yve­la­feri, rac xel­Si mox­vdaT.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi cvlebSi mu­Sa­ob­dnen sa­moc­da­a­Ti dRe-­Ra­me.
ro­de­sac pla­te­e­leb­ma da­i­na­xes, rom mi­way­ri­li sul maR­la
mi­i­wevda, mis gas­wvriv ga­la­vans da­ma­te­bi­Ti zRu­de da­a­Se­nes.
xis kon­struq­cia agu­riT amo­a­Se­nes da al­mo­de­bu­li is­re­bis­gan
da­sa­ca­vad tya­vi Semoakres. koS­ki swra­fad iz­rde­bo­da, mag­ram
arc mi­way­ri­li Ca­mor­Ce­bo­da. ma­Sin pla­te­el
­ eb­ma Sem­deg xriks
mi­mar­Tes: maT mi­way­ri­lis max­lob­lad ke­de­li ga­mo­an­gri­es da
am xvre­liT mi­wis ga­ta­na da­iwy­es.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma es rom Se­niS­nes, mok­le­bu­li mi­wis ad­gi­
las Ti­xiT sav­se ler­wmis­gan daw­nu­li god­re­bi Ca­ya­res, rad­
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gan maT mi­wa­sa­viT io­lad ver ga­it
­ an­dnen. ma­Sin pla­te­el
­ eb­ma
mi­way­ri­lis qveS gvi­ra­bi gaTx­a­res da iqi­dan da­iwy­es mi­wis
ga­ta­na. mte­ri did­xans ve­ra­fers xvde­bo­da, be­ji­Tad mu­Sa­ob­
dnen, mag­ram saq­me win ar mi­di­o­da. pla­te­e­lebs ma­inc eSi­no­daT,
rom mra­val­ricx­o­van mters xan­grZli­vad ver Se­e­jib­re­bod­nen
da sxva zo­meb­sac mi­mar­Tes. maT Sewy­vi­tes ga­la­van­ze koS­kis
mSe­neb­lo­ba da da­iwy­es da­ma­te­bi­Ti Si­da ked­lis amoy­va­na. Tu
mte­ri pir­vel ke­dels ai­Reb­da, mas me­o­re ga­da­e­Ro­be­bo­da da
igi is­re­bi­saT­vis kar­gi sa­miz­ne gax­de­bo­da. ama­so­ba­Si la­ke­de­
mo­ne­leb­ma mi­way­ri­li da­as­ru­les da qa­laqs sa­al­yo man­qa­ne­bi
mi­a­ye­nes. er­Tma ta­ran­ma ise Se­ar­yia mi­way­ri­lis sa­pi­ris­pi­rod
age­bu­li koS­ki, rom pla­te­e­le­bi SiS­ma mo­ic­va. ta­ra­ne­bi ked­lis
sxva ad­gi­leb­Ta­nac mi­iy­va­nes. pla­te­e­le­bi yulfs es­rod­nen
ta­rans, Tavs aa­we­vi­neb­dnen da amiT mas Za­las akar­gvi­neb­dnen.
gar­da ami­sa, maT rki­nis jaW­ve­biT ked­leb­ze da­ki­des uzar­
ma­za­ri mo­re­bi, rom­leb­sac uc­bad qve­moT uS­veb­den, ri­Tic
ta­rans azi­a­neb­dnen.
mas me­re, rac ta­ra­ni usar­geb­lo ga­mod­ga da pla­te­el
­ eb­ma
mi­way­ri­lis gas­wvriv axa­li dam­ca­vi je­bi­ri aa­ges, pe­lo­po­ne­se­
le­bi mix­vdnen, rom ase qa­laqs ver ai­Reb­dnen da da­iwy­es qa­la­qis
gar­Se­mo ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­bis­Tvis sam­za­di­si. mag­ram ma­nam­de
xel­say­re­li qa­ris pi­ro­beb­Si qa­la­qis ga­daw­vas Se­ec
­ ad­nen. sa­er­
Tod, isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen qa­la­qi di­di da­na­xar­je­bi­sa da nam­dvi­li
al­yis ga­re­Se ae­RoT. ami­saT­vis mi­way­ril­sa da ke­dels So­ris
fiCxi Ca­ya­res, qa­laq­Sic Se­mo­ya­res, sa­dam­dec misw­vdnen. Sem­deg
go­gir­di­Ta da fi­siT gaJ­Ren­Til fiCxs cecx­li wa­u­ki­des. ase­Ti
xan­Za­ri mxo­lod mTeb­Si ga­Ce­nil tyis xan­Zars Tu Se­ed­re­bo­da.
pla­te­e­le­bi mxo­lod uec­ar­ma ko­kis­pi­rul­ma wvi­mam ga­da­ar­Ci­na.
am wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma laS­qris
di­di na­wi­li da­iTx­o­ves, qa­laq­Tan mxo­lod mci­re raz­mi dar­Ca,
ro­mel­mac ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba da­iwy­o. pla­te­e­leb­ma oja­xe­bi
jer ki­dev ad­re ga­xiz­nes aTen­Si. qa­laq­Si al­yis dros dar­Ce­
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ni­li iyo oTx­a­s oTx­mo­ci pla­te­e­li, sa­ma­si aTe­ne­li da as a­Ti
mzareuli qa­li.
ima­ve zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­nes qse­no­fo­ni ori aTa­si
hop­li­ti­Ta da ora­si mxed­riT Tra­ki­is sa­na­pi­ro­ze qal­ki­de­le­
bi­sa da bo­ti­e­e­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg. aTe­ne­le­bi spar­to­loss mi­ad­gnen
da ya­ne­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­bas Se­ud­gnen. maT ime­di hqon­daT, rom zo­gi
mo­qa­la­qis dax­ma­re­biT ai­Reb­dnen qa­laqs. mag­ram um­rav­le­so­ba
ar da­Tan­xmda da dax­ma­re­ba olin­si­dan ga­mo­i­Za­xes. Tav­da­pir­
ve­lad aTe­ne­leb­ma sZli­es qal­ki­del hop­li­tebs, rom­leb­mac
qa­laqs Se­af
­ a­res Ta­vi, mag­ram ver ga­uZ­les mtris mxed­ro­bis
Se­te­vas. sa­bo­lo­od aTe­ne­lebs poteidaia­Si mo­uw
­ i­aT dab­ru­ne­ba.
maT da­kar­ges oTx­a­s oc­da­a­Ti meb­rZo­li, maT So­ris, sar­dle­bic.
ima­ve zaf­xuls am­pra­ki­e­leb­ma da qa­on­ eb­ma, rom­leb­sac mTe­li
akar­na­ni­is da­mor­Ci­le­ba sur­daT, da­ar­wmu­nes la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi,
maT­Tvis es­kad­ra da hop­li­te­bi ga­eg­zav­naT. akar­na­ni­is dapy­
ro­biT isi­ni Za­kin­Tos­sa da ke­fa­le­ni­a­sac da­i­mor­Ci­leb­dnen
da aTe­ne­lebs pe­lo­po­ne­sis gar­Se­mo cur­vas ga­ur­Tu­leb­dnen.
Se­iZ­le­bo­da nav­paq­to­sic Ca­eg­doT xel­Si. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
gag­zav­nes ram­de­ni­me xo­mal­di da aTa­si hop­li­ti na­var­qos kne­
mo­sis sar­dlo­biT. mo­kav­Si­re­Ta xo­mal­de­bi mog­vi­a­ne­biT un­da
mi­su­liy­vnen lev­ka­das­Tan, sa­dac Zi­ri­Tad Za­lebs lev­ka­dis,
anaq­to­ri­is
­ a da am­pra­ki­is es­kad­re­bi uk­ve elod­nen. kne­mos­ma
nav­paq­tos­Tan mdgom for­mi­ons Se­um­Cnev­lad Ca­u­a­ra da sax­me­
le­To ope­ra­ci­is­Tvis da­iwyo sam­za­di­si. mis gan­kar­gu­le­ba­Si
elin­Ta­gan iy­vnen am­pra­ki­el
­ e­bi, anaq­to­ri­el
­ e­bi, lev­ka­de­le­bi
da aTa­si pe­lo­po­ne­se­li, bar­ba­ros­Ta­gan – qa­o­ne­bi, Tes­pro­te­bi
da sxve­bi. per­di­ka­mac aTe­nel­Ta­gan fa­ru­lad aTa­si ma­ke­do­ne­
li mi­aS­ve­la, mag­ram maT da­ag­vi­an­daT. kne­mo­si aRar da­e­lo­da
ko­rin­Tel­Ta xo­mal­debs da am Za­le­biT da­iZ­ra ar­go­sis ol­qis
gav­liT. man da­an­gria lim­nea da mi­ad­ga akar­na­ni­is udi­des
qa­laqs, stra­toss. mas ime­di hqon­da, rom Tu am qa­laqs ai­Reb­
da, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ia­raRs da­yrid­nen.
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akar­na­ni­e­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes er­Ti­a­ni Za­le­biT ki ar Seb­mod­
nen Zli­er mters, ara­med yve­la qa­laqs da­mo­u­ki­deb­lad da­ec­va
Ta­vi. for­mi­on­sac sTxo­ves dax­ma­re­ba, mag­ram is nav­paq­toss
ver to­veb­da ko­rin­Tel­Ta es­kad­ris mo­lo­din­Si. ama­so­ba­Si
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i sam jgu­fad mi­u­ax­lov­
dnen stra­toss. er­Tma­ne­Ti­sa­gan sak­ma­od da­So­re­bu­li raz­me­bi
er­Tma­neTs ver xe­dav­dnen. eli­ne­bi sa­laS­qro wyo­biT mi­di­od­nen
sa­Ta­na­do sif­rTxi­lis dac­viT, sa­nam ba­na­ki­saT­vis mo­sa­xer­xe­
be­li ad­gi­li ar ipo­ves. Tav­da­je­re­bul qa­on
­ ebs ki arc ufiq­
ri­aT ba­na­kis mowy­o­ba da pir­da­pir qa­laq­ze mi­i­ta­nes ie­ri­Si.
qa­la­qi­dan dro­u­lad Se­am­Cni­es mom­xvdu­re­bi da ga­dawy­vi­tes,
Tu bar­ba­ro­sebs elin­Ta mos­vlam­de da­a­mar­cxe­ben, eli­neb­ma
Se­iZ­le­ba aRarc isur­von Tav­das­xma. isi­ni qa­la­qis mi­sad­go­
meb­Tan ram­de­ni­me ad­gi­las Ca­u­saf­rdnen mters da ro­de­sac
is mi­u­ax­lov­da, mo­u­lod­ne­lad ram­de­ni­me mi­mar­Tu­le­biT Se­u­
ti­es maT. qa­o­ne­bi Sed­rknen da sas­ti­kad da­mar­cxdnen. es rom
da­in
­ a­xes, sxva bar­ba­ro­seb­mac gaq­ce­viT uS­ve­les Tavs. elin­Ta
raz­meb­ma brZo­lis Se­sa­xeb ara­fe­ri icod­nen. maT ego­naT, rom
bar­ba­ro­se­bi ad­gils eZeb­dnen ba­na­ki­saT­vis. ga­moq­ce­ul
­ e­bi rom
na­xes, Se­i­fa­res da er­Ti dRe ba­nak­Si dar­Cnen. stra­to­se­le­bi
ar das­xmi­an maT Tavs sxva akar­na­nel­Ta dam­xma­re Za­lis mo­lo­
din­Si, mxo­lod Sur­du­liT qvebs es­rod­nen So­ri­dan.
Ra­miT kne­mos­ma ukan da­i­xia oTx­mo­ci sta­di­o­niT, Sem­deg
ki sam­Sob­lo­Si dab­run­da. stra­to­se­leb­ma ki bar­ba­ro­seb­ze
ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes.
ko­rin­Tel­Ta es­kad­ra ver mi­vi­da kne­mo­sis da­sax­ma­reb­lad,
rad­gan stra­tos­Tan brZo­lis dRes for­mi­o­nis es­kad­ras­
Tan mouxda Se­ta­ke­ba zRva­ze. for­mi­o­ni mtris xo­mal­debs
yu­ri­dan ga­mo­sas­vlel­Si da­ra­job­da. ko­rin­Te­le­bi sazR­vao
brZo­lis­Tvis ki ara, akar­na­ni­a­ze laS­qro­bis mo­sam­za­deb­lad
gavidnen. maT ver war­mo­ed­gi­naT, rom aTe­nel­Ta oci xo­mal­di
maT or­moc­daS­vid xo­malds ga­u­be­dav­da Tav­das­xmas. maT aTe­ne­
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le­bi ma­Sin Se­am­Cni­es, ro­de­sac sru­te­Si ga­di­od­nen da, rad­gan
Se­um­Cnev­lad ve­Rar wa­vi­dod­nen, iq­ve mo­u­wi­aT brZo­la­Si Cab­ma.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi wri­u­lad gan­lag­dnen, cxvi­riT
ga­reT, Su­aS
­ i ki ga­na­la­ges pa­ta­ra ge­me­bi da ram­de­ni­me swraf­
ma­va­li xo­mal­di, rom­le­bic iq un­da mi­su­liy­vnen saS­ve­lad,
sa­dac mte­ri Se­u­tev­da.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ki xo­mal­de­bi ga­am­wkri­ves. isi­ni gars uv­lid­nen
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges da aviw­ro­eb­dnen mas. ise ax­los mi­di­od­nen,
TiT­qos Tav­das­xmas api­reb­dnen, mag­ram for­mi­on
­ is­gan nab­rZa­
ne­bi hqon­daT mi­si niS­nis ga­re­Se brZo­la ar da­ewy­oT. sar­dals
ime­di hqon­da, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge wyo­bas ver Se­i­nar­Cu­neb­da,
ge­me­bi er­Tma­neTs Se­e­ja­xe­boda, mci­re xo­mal­de­bi ki are­ul
­ o­
bas ga­am­Zaf­reb­da. for­mi­on
­ is swraf­ma­val xo­mal­debs Se­eZ­lo
Tav­das­xmi­saT­vis yve­la­ze xel­say­rel mo­ments da­lo­de­bod­a.
mar­Tlac, di­las qar­ma da­u­be­ra da pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta wyo­ba ari­a.
xo­mal­de­bi er­Tma­neTs eja­xe­boda, ga­mo­uc­de­li me­niC­be­e­bi Tavs
ver ar­Tmev­dnen saq­mes, xma­ur­Si ki brZa­ne­be­bi ar es­mo­daT. swo­
red am dros mis­ca for­mi­on­ma Tav­das­xmis ni­Sa­ni. aTe­ne­leb­ma
flag­ma­ni Ca­Zi­res da da­e­ri­en dab­ne­ul mters. maT Tor­me­ti
xo­mal­di ig­des xelT, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki ga­aq­ci­es. maT ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes ri­o­nis kon­cxze, po­se­i­dons xo­mal­di mi­ar­Tves
ZRvnad da nav­paq­tos­Si dab­run­dnen. pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ris
nar­Ce­ne­bi ki lev­ka­di­dan dab­ru­ne­bul kne­moss Se­u­er­Tdnen.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mZi­med ga­ni­ca­des es mar­cxi. isi­ni pir­
ve­lad Se­e­cad­nen sazR­vao brZo­la ga­e­mar­TaT da ver war­mo­
ed­gi­naT, rom am­de­nad Ca­mor­Ce­bod­nen aTe­ne­lebs. maT ver
ga­iT­va­lis­wi­nes, rom axal­be­de­bi Se­e­Wid­nen ga­moc­dil zRva­os­
nebs, sar­dleb­sa da mezR­va­u­rebs ada­na­Sa­u­leb­dnen da kne­moss
mrCev­le­bic ga­ug­zav­nes. sar­dlo­bam mo­kav­Si­re­ebs axa­li xo­mal­
de­bis aR­Wur­va da Zve­le­bis Se­ke­Te­ba mos­Txo­va. for­mi­on­mac
Se­aty­ob
­ i­na aTens mtris sam­za­di­sis Se­sa­xeb da dam­xma­re Za­la
iTx­o­va. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­ug­zav­nes mas ki­dev oci xo­mal­di, mag­
93
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ram maT jer kre­ta­ze Sev­la da­a­va­les. aTe­nel­Ta proq­se­nos­ma,
ni­ki­as­ma isi­ni da­ar­wmu­na, ga­e­laS­qraT ki­do­ni­as wi­na­aR­mdeg.
jer ara­xel­say­rel­ma qar­ma, Sem­deg ki Stil­ma es xo­mal­de­bi
did­xans Se­a­yov­na gza­Si.
sa­nam aTe­nis es­kad­ra dros kre­ta­ze kar­gav­da, pe­lo­po­ne­se­
le­bi sazR­vao brZo­li­saT­vis ga­em­zad­nen. ma­Ti sa­moc­daC­vid­me­
ti xo­mal­di da for­mi­o­nis es­kad­ra er­Tma­ne­Tis pi­ris­pir id­ga
eq­vsi Tu Svi­d dRes kri­sa­i­o­sis yu­ris Se­sas­vlel­Tan. pe­lo­
po­ne­se­lebs ax­sov­daT Ta­vi­an­Ti mar­cxi da gaS­lil zRva­Si ar
un­do­daT gas­vla, aTe­ne­le­bi ki yu­re­Si Ses­vlas eri­de­bod­nen.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta sar­dlebs aTe­nel­Ta dam­xma­re Za­le­bis mos­
vlam­de un­do­daT brZo­lis ga­mar­Tva da mezR­va­ur­Ta ga­sam­xne­
veb­lad kre­ba mo­iw­vi­es:
`pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bo, cde­biT, Tu Tqven wi­na mar­cxis ga­mo
ga­fiq­rebT mo­ma­va­li brZo­lis be­di. si­nam­dvi­le­Si Si­Sis ara­
na­i­ri sa­fuZ­ve­li ar gaqvT. ma­Sin Cven je­rov­nad mom­za­de­bu­li
ar vi­ya­viT da arc va­pi­reb­diT zRva­ze brZo­las. sxva Sem­Txve­
vi­To­be­bic cu­dad da­em­Txva. Ta­nac es Cve­ni pir­ve­li brZo­la
iyo da ga­mo­uc­de­lo­bam dag­vRu­pa. ar Rirs gu­lis ga­tex­a Sem­
Txve­vi­Ti mar­cxis ga­mo. Se­vi­nar­Cu­noT mxne­o­ba, ga­mo­uc­de­lo­ba
sim­xda­lis ga­sa­mar­Tleb­lad ver ga­mod­ge­ba. Tqven arc im­de­nad
Ca­mor­Ce­biT mters ga­moc­di­le­biT, ram­de­na­dac aRe­ma­te­biT vaJ­
ka­co­biT. gar­da ami­sa, Cve­ni es­kad­ra mtri­sa­ze Zli­e­ria da Tan
Cven sa­ku­Tar na­pir­Tan vib­rZviT mZi­med Se­Wur­vi­li me­om­re­bis
mi­er da­cu­le­bi. ga­mar­jve­ba, ro­gorc we­si, uf­ro mra­val­ricx­
o­van­sa da ukeT Se­i­a­ra­Re­buls rCe­ba. Ti­To­eu
­ l­ma Tqven­gan­ma
kar­gad Se­as­ru­leT Tqve­ni saq­me, Cven ki ukeT gi­xel­mZRva­ne­
lebT, vid­re Tqve­ni ad­rin­de­li uf­ro­se­bi.~
ase agu­li­a­neb­dnen pe­lo­po­ne­se­li sar­dle­bi me­om­rebs.
for­mi­on
­ ic Se­wu­xe­bu­li iyo mi­si xal­xis gan­wyo­biT da Se­e­ca­da
maT gam­xne­ve­bas:
`me Seg­kri­beT, rad­gan vxe­dav, rom mtris ra­o­de­no­bam da­gaf­
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rTxoT. ar un­da ge­Si­no­deT imi­s, rac sa­Si­Si su­lac ar aris.
mter­ma amo­de­na flo­ti imi­tom Sek­ri­ba, rom Cven­Tan Ta­na­ba­ri
brZo­la Se­uZ­leb­lad mi­aC­ni­a. ma­Ti Tav­da­je­re­bu­lo­ba xme­
leT­ze brZo­lis ga­moc­di­le­bas em­ya­re­ba, mag­ram ra­tom­Rac
fiq­ro­ben, rom igi zRva­ze­dac ga­mo­ad­ge­baT. aq ki upi­ra­te­
so­ba Cvens mxa­re­sa­a: si­ma­ma­ciT Tqven maT ar Ca­mo­u­var­de­biT,
ga­moc­di­le­biT ki bev­rad sjo­bi­xarT. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mxo­lod
sa­ku­Tar di­de­ba­ze fiq­ro­ben da mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ma­Ti sur­vi­lis
wi­na­aR­mdeg mo­e­re­ke­bi­an sab­rZol­ve­lad. wi­na mar­cxis Sem­deg
isi­ni sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT aRar mo­in­do­meb­dnen zRva­ze brZo­las. nu
ga­fiq­rebT ma­Ti si­ma­ma­ce, es maT eSi­ni­aT Tqve­ni, rad­gan uk­ve
da­va­mar­cxeT da ax­lac va­pi­rebT amis sa­da­ri gmi­ro­bis Ca­de­
nas. ada­mi­an­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba xom Ta­nas­wor me­to­qes eb­rZvis
da sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­lis ime­di uf­ro aqvs, vid­re gam­be­da­o­bi­sa. is,
vinc mci­re Za­liT sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT es­xmis mters Tavs, did si­ma­
ma­ces iCens. es mter­mac icis da swo­red ami­tom uf­ro eSi­nia
Cve­ni, vid­re Se­e­Sin­de­bo­da, Za­le­bi Ta­nas­wo­ri rom iyos. xSi­rad
da­mar­cxe­bu­lan mci­re­ricx­o­van me­to­qes­Tan ga­mo­uc­de­lo­bis
an sim­xda­lis ga­mo. Tqven ga­moc­di­li vaJ­ka­ce­bi xarT. me ki ar
Se­val yu­re­Si sab­rZol­ve­lad. iq brZo­la xels ar gvaZ­levs, rad­
gan xo­mal­de­bis sis­wra­fe­sa da ma­nev­rire­bas ver ga­mo­vi­ye­nebT,
brZo­la sax­me­le­Tos da­em­sgav­se­ba da ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­ba
fass Se­iZ
­ ens. amas SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad ga­viT­va­lis­wi­neb, Tqven
ki zus­tad Se­as­ru­leT brZa­ne­be­bi, da­i­ca­viT wes­ri­gi da si­Cu­me.
ise­ve ma­ma­cad ib­rZo­leT, ro­gorc aqamde. mZi­me brZo­la gve­
lis. an pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta zRva­ze gas­vlis imeds da­va­sa­ma­rebT
an aTe­nel­Ta ba­to­no­bas mo­e­Re­ba bo­lo. gax­sov­deT, rom isini
er­Txel uk­ve da­va­mar­cxeT da veRar iq­ne­bian uwin­de­bu­rad
Tav­da­je­re­bu­lebi.~
ama­so­ba­Si pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma da­i­na­xes, rom aTe­ne­le­bi yu­re­
Si Ses­vlas eri­de­bod­nen da ma­Ti iq Sety­u­e­ba ga­dawy­vi­tes. cru
ma­nev­riT ai­Zu­les for­mi­o­ni yu­ri­sa­ken daZ­ru­li­yo, Sem­deg
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mkveT­rad Se­mob­run­dnen da gzis moW­ra ga­niz­ra­xes. aTe­nel­Ta
Ter­Tmet­ma xo­mal­dma ma­inc mo­as­wro Ria zRva­Si gas­vla, da­nar­
Ce­ne­bi ki pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma na­pir­Tan mi­im­wyvdi­es, xo­mal­de­bi
da­a­zi­a­nes, eki­pa­Ji ki, vinc zRva­Si ar ga­dax­ta, amo­xo­ces. ram­
de­ni­me xo­malds pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi buq­si­riT mi­aT­rev­dnen. ma­Sin
me­se­ni­e­le­bi mi­eS­vel­nen aTe­ne­lebs, Se­Wur­vi­le­bi ga­da­eS­vnen
zRva­Si, aZ­vrnen xo­mal­deb­ze da gem­ban­ze xan­mok­le brZo­lis
Sem­deg da­ib­ru­nes.
am­de­nad, aq pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma imar­jves. ma­Ti mar­jve­na
frTis oci xo­mal­di aTe­nel­Ta Ter­Tmet ga­dar­Ce­nil xo­malds
da­e­dev­na. aT­ma maT­gan­ma mde­vars mi­as­wro nav­paq­tos­Si da apo­
lo­nis sam­loc­ve­los­Tan sab­rZo­lvelad gam­za­de­bu­li dad­ga.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi sim­Re­riT mo­cu­rav­dnen, TiT­qos uk­ve ga­mar­
jve­bu­le­bi yo­fi­liy­vnen. er­Ti lev­ka­du­ri xo­mal­di da­wi­na­ur­
da da Ca­mor­Ce­nil aTe­nurs da­e­dev­na. es uka­nas­kne­li mo­ef
­ a­ra
iq­ve re­id­ze mdgom sat­vir­To gems, ue­ca­ri ie­ri­SiT gver­di
ga­ur­Rvia mde­vars da Ca­Zi­ra igi. aman Zli­er Se­aS­fo­Ta pe­lo­
po­ne­se­le­bi. wyo­ba ise­dac dar­Rve­u­li hqon­daT, ax­la ki zo­gi
ga­Cer­da, zog­ma gza ga­nag­rZo da me­CeC­ze aR­moC­nda. aTe­ne­le­bi
gam­xnev­den, sab­rZo­lo yi­Ji­niT Se­u­ti­es mters da uku­aq­ci­es
igi. maT da­ib­ru­nes ge­me­bi da xel­Si Ca­ig­des me­to­qis eq­vsi
xo­maldi. eki­pa­Jis na­wi­li da­xo­ces, na­wi­li ki tyved aiy­va­nes.
dro­e­bi­Ti da­za­ve­bis Sem­deg mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­ma gac­va­les da
dak­rZa­les da­Ru­pule­bi. ori­ve mxa­rem aR­niS­na ga­mar­jve­ba,
ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Ta da sa­mad­lo­be­li msxver­pli Ses­
wi­ra. amis Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi swra­fad gab­run­dnen ukan,
ra­Ta aTe­nel­Ta dam­xma­re es­kad­ras ar Sex­ved­rod­nen. Sors ar
iq­ne­bod­nen wa­su­li, ro­de­sac nav­paq­tos­Si kre­ta­dan oci ati­
ku­ri xo­mal­di mo­vi­da. ase das­rul­da zaf­xu­li.
sa­nam flots da­iTx­ov­dnen, kne­mos­ma, bra­si­das­ma da sxva
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­ma sar­dleb­ma me­ga­rel­Ta rCe­viT pi­re­os­ze mo­u­
lod­ne­li Tav­das­xma da­geg­mes. nav­sad­gu­ri ar iyo da­cu­li, rac
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zRva­ze aTe­nel­Ta sru­li upi­ra­te­so­bis pi­ro­beb­Si bu­neb­ri­vic
iyo. Ca­na­fiq­ris mi­xed­viT, mezR­va­ur
­ e­bi fa­ru­lad un­da Sek­re­bi­
liy­vnen me­ga­ra­Si, sa­dac ni­se­as gem­sa­Sen­Si gam­za­de­bul or­moc
xo­mal­dze das­xde­bod­nen da pir­da­pir pi­re­os­ze gas­cu­rav­dnen.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma sas­wra­fod da­iwy­es geg­mis gan­xor­ci­el
­ e­ba,
ni­se­a­Si Ra­miT mi­vid­nen da ge­meb­ze das­xdnen, mag­ram ara­xel­
say­re­li qa­ris ga­mo pi­re­o­sis nac­vlad sa­la­mi­nis kon­cxi­sa­ken
gas­wi­es. aq mde­ba­re­ob­da saT­val­Tva­lo pun­qti da id­ga sa­mi
sab­rZo­lo xo­mal­di. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma xelT ig­des isi­ni da
kun­Zu­li da­ar­bi­es. Tav­das­xmis am­ba­vi aTens sa­sig­na­lo cecx­
liT am­cnes. qa­laq­Si ar­na­xu­li pa­ni­ka aty­da. aTen­Si ego­naT,
rom mtris flot­ma pi­re­o­si da­ik
­ a­va, xo­lo pi­re­os­Si fiq­rob­
dnen, rom sa­la­mi­ni da­e­ca da mte­ri nav­sad­gurs uax­lov­de­ba.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs uf­ro ga­be­du­lad rom emoq­me­daT, mar­Tla
SeZ­leb­dnen nav­sad­gu­ris da­ka­ve­bas. gam­Te­ni­i­sas aTe­ne­leb­ma
pi­re­oss mi­a­Su­res, xo­mal­de­bi ki sa­la­min­ze gag­zav­nes. ro­gorc
ki pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ga­ig
­ es, aTe­ne­le­bi saS­ve­lad da­iZ­rne­no,
tyve­e­bi da na­dav­li ni­se­a­Si ga­da­iy­va­nes, me­ga­ri­dan ki Sin xme­
le­TiT dab­run­dnen. sa­la­min­ze aTe­ne­lebs mte­ri aRar dax­vda.
amis Sem­deg maT pi­re­o­sis dac­va ga­aZ­li­e­res.
ima­ve dros, zam­Tris da­sawy­is­Si, Tra­ki­el­Ta me­fe si­tal­
kes­ma ga­il
­ aS­qra ma­ke­do­nel­Ta me­fis per­di­kas da qal­ki­del­Ta
wi­na­aR­mdeg, ra­Ta mi­e­Ro mis­Tvis da­na­pi­re­bi da aTe­nel­TaT­vis
sa­ku­Ta­ri da­na­pi­re­bi Se­es­ru­le­bi­na. ami­tom mas ax­ldnen amin­ta
fi­li­pes Ze, ro­mel­sac ma­ke­do­ni­is tax­tze das­mas upi­reb­da,
aTe­ne­li el­Ce­bi da sar­da­li hag­no­ni.
si­tal­kes­ma laS­qa­ri Ta­vis vrcel sam­flo­be­lo­Si Se­ag­ro­va.
mi­si sa­me­fo sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv ab­de­ri­dan mdi­na­re is­tro­sis
Se­sar­Ta­vam­de Ter­Tme­ti dRis sa­va­li iyo, xme­le­TiT, bi­zan­ti­
o­ni­dan mdi­na­re stri­mo­nam­de – ca­me­ti dRi­sa. zo­mi­Ta da sim­
did­riT ev­ro­pa­Si mis qve­ya­nas ve­ra­vin Se­ed­re­bo­da, sam­xed­ro
Za­liT ki mxo­lod skvi­Te­bi aRe­ma­te­bod­nen. am mxriv, skvi­Tebs
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ev­ro­pa­sa da azi­a­Si ba­da­li ar eyo­le­bo­daT, er­Ti­an­ni rom yo­fi­
liy­vnen. ke­Til­go­ni­e­re­bi­sa da cxov­re­bis do­nis mxriv skvi­Tebi
CamorCebian sxva xal­xe­bs.
ase­Ti Zle­va­mo­si­li qvey­nis me­fe ag­ro­veb­da laS­qars. sam­za­
diss rom mor­Ca, ma­ke­do­ni­a­Si Se­iW­ra. gad­mo­ce­miT, mis laS­qar­Si
as or­moc­da­a­Ti aTa­si ka­ci iyo, maT­gan ori me­sa­me­di – qve­i­Ti
da er­Ti me­sa­me­di – mxed­re­bi. laS­qa­ri Wre­li iyo da mi­si Za­la,
Zi­ri­Ta­dad, sim­rav­le­Si mdgo­ma­re­ob­da.
ma­ke­do­ne­le­bi am uzar­ma­zar jars aS­ka­ra wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas
ver uwev­dnen da mxo­lod mxed­re­bis Tav­das­xme­biT kmayofilde­
bodnen. si­tal­kes­ma um­tkiv­ne­u­lod da­i­ka­va odes­Rac fi­li­pes
kuT­vni­li mi­we­bi da ma­ke­do­ni­is ga­Ca­nage­bas Se­ud­ga.
man mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba da­iwyo per­di­kas­Tan im sa­kiTx­eb­ze, rac
omis mi­ze­zi gax­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma ar mi­aS­ve­les es­kad­ra, rad­gan
ar sje­ro­daT, rom si­tal­ke­si laS­qars Sek­reb­da, da el­Ce­bi­sa
da sa­Cuq­re­bis gag­zav­nas das­jer­dnen. amao lodi­nis Sem­deg
si­tal­kes­ma ja­ris na­wi­li qal­ki­de­le­bi­sa da bo­ti­e­e­bis wi­na­
aR­mdeg gag­zav­na, isi­ni ci­xe­eb­Si Ca­ke­ta da ma­Ti mi­wis rbe­va
da­iwy­o. eli­ne­bi da­Za­bu­lad adev­neb­dnen Tvals mis qme­de­bebs
da iReb­dnen zo­mebs im Sem­Txve­vi­saT­vis, Tu is sam­xre­Tis­ken
da­iZ­vre­bo­da. si­tal­ke­si ki qal­ki­di­ka­sa da ma­ke­do­ni­a­Si rCe­bo­
da da iqa­u­ro­bas aCa­na­geb­da. man ver mi­aR­wia mi­zans, ris ga­moc
omi wa­mo­iwy­o. gar­da ami­sa, laS­qa­ri sak­ve­bis nak­le­bo­bam da
zam­Tris sus­xma Se­a­wu­xa. ma­Sin man us­mi­na per­di­kas mi­er mos­yi­
du­li Zmis­Svi­lis, sev­To­sis rCe­vas da ukan gab­run­da.
ima­ve zam­Tars, pe­lo­po­ne­sis flo­tis daTx­ov­nis Sem­deg,
aTe­ne­leb­ma for­mi­o­nis sar­dlo­biT nav­paq­to­si­dan sazR­vao
laS­qro­ba wa­mo­iwy­es. isi­ni ga­das­xdnen as­ta­kos­Tan, akar­na­ni­aS
­ i
Se­vid­nen, stra­to­si­dan da sxva qa­la­qe­bi­dan gan­dev­nes ara­sa­
i­me­do pi­re­bi da ukan dab­run­dnen, rad­gan zam­Tar­Si maT­da­mi
mtru­lad gan­wyo­bil oi­ni­a­das ver da­laS­qrav­dnen.
for­mi­on­ i akar­na­ni­i­dan nav­paq­tos­Si dab­run­da, ga­zaf­xul­ze
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ki aTen­Si Ca­vi­da da sazR­vao brZo­leb­Si mo­po­ve­bu­li na­dav­li
Ca­iy­va­na: Ta­vi­suf­lad So­bi­li tyve­e­bi da mtris xo­mal­de­bi.
tyve­e­bi Sem­deg ka­ci kac­Si gac­va­les. ase das­rul­da zam­Ta­ri
da mas­Tan er­Tad omis me­sa­me we­li.
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me­sa­me wig­ni
Sem­deg zaf­xuls pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi
me­fe ar­qi­da­mo­sis sar­dlo­biT Se­iW­rnen ati­ka­Si, da­ba­nak­dnen
da ya­ne­bis rbe­va da­iwy­es. aTe­nel­Ta mxed­re­bi ax­lac awu­xeb­
dnen mters da msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bul qve­i­Tebs ba­na­ki­dan
gas­vlis sa­Su­a­le­bas ar aZ­lev­dnen. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ma­ra­gis
amowurvamde qve­ya­na­Si dar­Cnen, Sem­deg ki ukan gab­run­dnen.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta Se­mo­se­vis­Ta­na­ve aTe­ne­lebs au­jan­ydnen les­
bo­se­le­bi. isi­ni jer ki­dev omis win fiq­rob­dnen gan­dgo­mas,
mag­ram ma­Sin la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta dax­ma­re­ba ver mi­iR
­ es, ax­lac jer
ar iy­vnen mzad ajan­ye­bis­Tvis da uf­ro ad­re mo­u­wi­aT amis ga­ke­
Te­ba, vid­re api­reb­dnen. isi­ni elod­nen nav­sad­gu­ris dam­ca­vi
dam­bi­sa da qa­la­qis ga­lav­nis mSe­neb­lo­bis dam­Tav­re­bas, ase­ve
xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­vas. ag­reT­ve, dam­xma­re Za­la­sa da sur­saTs.
Tumca aTe­ne­le­bi ga­af­rTxi­les, rom mi­ti­le­ne kun­Zu­lis ga­er­
Ti­a­ne­ba­sa da ajan­ye­bas api­reb­da da maT zo­me­bi un­da mi­eR
­ oT,
ra­Ta kun­Zu­li ar da­e­kar­gaT.
omi­sa da Wi­ris­gan ga­tan­jul aTe­ne­lebs ar sur­daT axa­li
omi les­bos­Tan, ami­tom arc ije­reb­dnen am Wo­rebs. ro­de­sac
aTe­nel­ma el­Ceb­ma ver mo­a­xer­xes les­bo­sel­Ta dar­wmu­ne­ba,
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ga­dawy­vi­tes da­es­wroT ajan­ye­bis­Tvis da mo­ul
­ od­ne­lad gag­zav­
nes les­bos­ze pe­lo­po­ne­sis­ken ga­sam­gzav­reb­lad gam­za­de­bu­li
or­mo­ci xo­mal­dis­gan Sem­dga­ri es­kad­ra. aTe­ne­leb­ma icod­nen,
rom kun­Zul­ze apo­lo­nis pa­tiv­sa­ce­mad dRe­sas­wa­u­li imar­Te­
bo­da da am dros fiq­rob­dnen Tav­das­xmas. Tu ga­mo­u­vi­do­daT,
xom kar­gi, Tu ara, mi­ti­le­ne­lebs mos­Txov­dnen xo­mal­de­bis
daT­mo­bas da ga­lav­nis dan­gre­vas, ua­ris miRebis Sem­Txve­va­Si
ki oms da­iwy­eb­dnen. aTe­ne­le­bi zRva­Si ga­vid­nen da mi­ti­le­ne­
dan, xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, ga­mog­zav­ni­li aTi tri­e­ris
eki­pa­Ji tyved aiy­va­nes. vi­Ra­cam ga­af­rTxi­la mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi
aTe­nel­Ta Tav­das­xmis Se­sa­xeb. isi­ni aRar wa­vid­nen apo­lo­nis
ze­im­ze da qa­la­qis ga­mag­re­bas Se­ud­gnen. es­kad­ris sar­dlo­bam
mas Sem­deg, rac mo­u­lod­ne­li Tav­das­xma Ca­i­Sa­la, mi­ti­le­ne­lebs
moTx­ov­na wa­u­ye­na, xo­lo ua­ris Sem­deg sa­om
­ a­ri moq­me­de­be­bi
da­iwy­o. mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi amis­Tvis ar iy­vnen je­rov­nad mom­za­de­
bu­li. ma­Ti xo­mal­de­bi ga­mo­vid­nen nav­sad­gu­ri­dan, ra­Ta brZo­la
ga­em­ ar­TaT, mag­ram aTe­ne­leb­ma isi­ni ma­le uku­aq­ci­es. mi­ti­le­ne­
leb­ma mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba da­iwy­es aTe­ne­leb­Tan, ra­Ta met­-nak­le­bad
mi­sa­Reb pi­ro­beb­Si da­ex­snaT Ta­vi ma­Ti es­kad­ris­gan. aTe­nel­ma
sar­dleb­ma mi­i­Res ma­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba, rad­gan Si­Sob­dnen, rom ar
eyo­fo­daT Za­la mTe­li kun­Zu­lis wi­na­aR­mdeg sa­om­rad. da­za­
ve­bis Sem­deg mi­ti­le­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­nes el­Ce­bi aTen­Si, mag­ram,
rad­gan am el­Co­bis war­ma­te­bis ime­di ar hqon­daT, fa­ru­lad
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­sac ga­ug­zav­nes ka­ci dax­ma­re­bis Tx­ov­niT.
aTen­Si wa­ru­ma­te­be­li el­Co­bis Sem­deg, mi­ti­le­ne­leb­ma omi
ga­dawy­vi­tes. me­Tim­na, im­bro­si da lem­no­si aTe­nel­Ta er­Tgu­
le­bi dar­Cnen. mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi Tavs da­es­xnen aTe­nel­Ta ba­naks.
mar­Ta­li­a, ar da­mar­cxe­bu­lan, mag­ram ma­inc ver ga­be­des brZo­
lis vel­ze dar­Ce­na, da qa­laq­Si Seb­run­dnen. amis Sem­deg isi­ni,
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta dax­ma­re­bis mo­lo­din­Si, ver be­dav­dnen aq­ti­ur
moq­me­de­bebs. maT­Tan mo­vid­nen jer ki­dev ajan­ye­bam­de ga­mog­
zav­ni­li la­ke­de­mo­ne­li da Te­be­li el­Ce­bi, rom­leb­mac ur­Ci­es
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axa­li el­Co­ba ga­eg­zav­naT la­ke­de­mon­Si, rac mi­ti­le­ne­leb­ma
ga­a­ke­Tes ki­dec.
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta umoq­me­do­bam ga­am­xne­va aTe­ne­le­bi da ma­Ti
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi. maT mo­a­xer­xes qa­la­qis blo­ki­re­ba zRvi­dan da,
na­wi­lob­riv, xme­le­Ti­da­nac, Tum­ca kun­Zu­lis di­di na­wi­li
ajan­ye­bul­Ta xel­Si rCe­bo­da.
ima­ve zaf­xuls, da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros, aTe­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­
nes pe­lo­po­ne­sis sa­na­pi­ros­ken oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­dis­gan Sem­dga­ri
es­kad­ra aso­pi­o­sis, for­mi­o­nis Zis sar­dlo­biT. maT da­ar­bi­
es la­ko­ni­is sa­na­pi­ro, Sem­deg aso­pi­o­si Tor­me­ti xo­mal­diT
nav­paq­tos­Si ga­em­gzav­ra, xo­lo da­nar­Ce­ni xo­mal­de­bi sax­lSi
gag­zav­na. man Sek­ri­ba akar­na­nel­Ta laS­qa­ri da ga­e­mar­Ta oi­ni­
a­da­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg. xo­mal­de­bi mdi­na­re aqe­lo­oss auy­vnen,
qve­i­Ti ja­ri ki qve­ya­nas aCa­na­geb­da. maT qa­la­qi ver ai­Res. ukan
da­xe­vi­sas aso­pi­o­si raz­mis na­wil­Tan er­Tad da­i­Ru­pa. da­za­
ve­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma da­ib­ru­nes da­Ru­pul­Ta gva­me­bi da
zRva­Si ga­vid­nen. ama­so­ba­Si mi­ti­le­nel­Ta el­Ce­bi Ca­vid­nen
olim­pi­a­Si. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma isi­ni swo­red iq da­i­ba­res, ra­Ta
yve­las mo­es­mi­na ma­Ti saTx­o­va­ri. es is olim­pi­a­da iyo, sa­dac
ro­do­sel­ma do­ri­ev­sma me­or
­ ed ga­im
­ ar­jva. ze­i­mis das­ru­le­bis
Sem­deg, el­Ceb­ma Sek­re­bilT ase mi­mar­Tes:
`Cven­Tvis cno­bi­lia elin­Ta da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba im ada­mi­
an­Ta mi­marT, vinc omis dros mo­kav­Si­re­ebs mi­a­to­vebs. maT
si­a­mov­ne­biT iRe­ben, Tu isi­ni sa­Wi­ro ari­an, mag­ram pa­tivs ar
sce­men. ase­Ti az­ri ga­mar­Tle­bu­li­a, Tu saq­me exe­ba Ta­nas­wor
sa­xel­mwi­fo­Ta da­So­re­bas sa­fuZ­vli­a­ni mi­ze­zis ga­re­Se. Cve­
ni da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­be­bi aTe­ne­leb­Tan ar aris ase­Ti da ve­ra­vin
dag­vab­ra­lebs, rom Cven maT mZi­me dros vto­vebT, xo­lo isi­ni
mSvi­do­bi­a­no­bis Jams kar­gad gveq­ce­od­nen.
rad­gan Cve­ni mi­za­ni Tqven­Tan kav­Si­ri­a, pir­vel rig­Si, sa­mar­
Tli­a­no­ba­sa da Rir­se­bas Se­ve­xoT. Cven vi­ciT, rom ar Se­iZ­le­ba
ar­se­bob­des me­gob­ro­ba ada­mi­a­nebs an qvey­nebs So­ris, Tu isini
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ar en­do­bi­an er­Tma­neTs da ar aqvT msgav­si mis­wra­fe­be­bi. gan­
sxva­ve­bul az­rebs moq­me­de­ba­Si gan­sxva­ve­be­bi moh­yve­ba. Cven aTe­
ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ri davamyareT mas me­re, rac Tqven ga­mo­eT
­ i­SeT
mi­di­el
­ eb­Tan oms, isi­ni ki dar­Cnen brZo­lis da­sas­ru­leb­lad.
Cven ara­so­des vyo­fil­varT aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi eli­ne­
bis da­mor­Ci­le­bis­ken swraf­va­Si. Cven maT­Tan er­Tad vi­ya­viT,
sa­nam isi­ni ro­gorc Ta­nas­worT ise gvepy­ro­bod­nen da mi­di­e­
lebs eb­rZod­nen. Cven Sev­SfoT­diT, ro­de­sac Se­vatyv­eT, rom
aTe­ne­lebs mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze ba­to­no­ba surT. mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ver
ga­er­Ti­an­dnen aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg da Tan­da­Ta­no­biT yve­la
maT da­mor­Cil­da qi­o­se­le­bi­sa da Cven gar­da. da­mo­uk­ i­deb­le­bi
gver­qva, mag­ram maT mxa­re­ze un­da gveb­rZo­la. ax­la Cven ve­Rar
van­dobT aTe­ne­lebs Cvens xel­mZRva­ne­lo­bas. da­u­je­re­be­li­a,
rom sxva mo­kav­Si­re­Ta da­mor­Ci­le­bis Sem­deg Cve­ni da­mo­ne­bac
ar mo­in­do­mon.
sxvebs rom da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba Se­e­nar­Cu­ne­bi­naT, Cvenc gveq­
ne­bo­da ime­di. aTe­ni gaZ­li­er­da da uWir­da Cven­Tan Ta­nas­wo­ri
ur­Ti­er­To­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba. kav­Si­ris sim­tki­cis sa­win­da­ri mxo­
lod er­Tma­ne­Tis ri­di­a. mi­si dar­Rve­vi­sa­gan er­T-erT mxa­res
sa­ku­Ta­ri si­sus­tis Seg­rZne­ba aka­vebs. Cven aTen­ma da­mo­u­ki­
deb­lo­ba mxo­lod imi­tom dag­vi­to­va, rom ba­to­no­bis miR­we­va
tkbi­li sity­viT am­jo­bi­na. Cven ki maT vem­sa­xu­re­bo­diT da ma­Ti
saq­mis sa­mar­Tli­a­no­bis sa­bu­Ta­dac vad­ge­bo­diT. aTe­ne­le­bi
Zli­ers sus­tis wi­na­aR­mdeg iye­neb­dnen. Cven, ro­gorc Se­da­re­
biT Zli­e­re­bi, bo­lo­saT­vis mog­vi­to­ves da fiq­rob­dnen, rom
mci­re qvey­ne­bis da­mor­Ci­le­bis Sem­deg Cven io­li luk­ma gav­xde­
bo­diT. Cve­niT rom da­ewy­oT, sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi mix­vde­bod­nen,
vis day­rdno­bod­nen, da ase io­lad ver mog­ve­re­od­nen.
ro­gor ven­deT aseT me­gob­ro­ba­sa da Ta­vi­suf­le­bas? sam­sa­
xu­ri, ro­mel­sac er­Tma­neTs vu­wev­diT, ar Se­e­fe­re­bo­da Cvens
grZno­bebs. aTe­ne­le­bi Si­SiT gve­fe­re­bod­nen omis dros, Cven ki
ase­ve vpa­su­xob­diT mSvi­do­bi­a­no­bi­sas. ur­Ti­er­Tndo­ba ur­Ti­
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er­TSiS­ze iyo dam­ya­re­bu­li, Si­Si krav­da Cvens kav­Sirs da ara
siy­va­ru­li. da vinc pir­ve­li SeZ­leb­da kav­Si­ris dar­Rve­vas sa­ku­
Ta­ri Ta­vis xi­faT­Si Cag­de­bis ga­re­Se, si­a­mov­ne­biT izam­da amas.
ami­tom cde­ba, vinc mi­iC­nevs, rom Cve­ni ajan­ye­ba usa­mar­Tlo­a.
Za­le­bi rom Ta­nas­wo­ri yo­fi­li­yo, Cven ki­dev un­da dav­lo­de­
bo­diT erTxans, mag­ram rad­gan Tav­das­xmas mu­dam ve­lo­diT,
un­da dag­ves­wro dac­vi­Ti zo­me­bis mi­Re­ba.
ase Se­iZ­le­ba av­xsnaT da ga­va­mar­TloT Cve­ni gan­dgo­ma. sav­
se­biT sak­ma­ri­si mi­ze­zi­a, rom da­gar­wmu­noT Cvens sis­wo­re­Si.
Cven uk­ve di­di xa­nia va­pi­reb­diT aTe­nel­Ta­gan gan­dgo­mas da
ad­rec mog­mar­TeT Tqven, mag­ram uSe­de­god, ami­tom Cvens gan­
zraxvaze xeli aviReT. ax­la Cven ga­mo­vex­ma­u­reT be­o­ti­el­Ta
wi­na­da­de­bas. Cven ori mi­za­ni gvaqvs: da­vex­ma­roT eli­nebs, rom
aTe­nel­Ta­gan ga­Ta­vi­suf­ldnen, da ar miv­ceT aTe­ne­lebs Cve­ni
mos­po­bis sa­Su­a­le­ba. Cven uf­ro ad­re mog­vi­wia ajan­ye­ba, vid­re
va­pi­reb­diT, da ar vi­ya­viT ami­saT­vis mzad. ami­tom Tqven unda
mig­vi­RoT Tqvens kav­Sir­Si da sas­wra­fod dag­vex­ma­roT. amiT
Tqven da­a­das­tu­rebT, rom mzad xarT da­ic­vaT Cag­ru­li, da
sa­ku­Tar Za­las aC­ve­nebT mters. vi­Ta­re­ba xel­say­re­li­a, ro­gorc
aras­dros. aTe­ne­le­bi da­a­sus­ta Wir­ma da omis xar­jeb­ma, ma­Ti
flo­ti ga­fan­tu­li­a. maT aRar eq­ne­baT upi­ra­te­so­ba zRva­ze da
Tu Tqven ati­kas xme­le­Ti­Ta da zRviT Se­u­tevT, maT ga­u­Wir­de­baT
Tav­das­xmis mo­ge­ri­e­ba. nu ifiq­rebT, rom sxvis ga­mo saf­rTxe­
Si ag­debT Tqvens sam­Sob­los. Tu les­bo­si Sors geC­ve­ne­baT, is
sar­ge­be­li, ra­sac Cven gTa­va­zobT, sak­ma­od ax­lo­sa­a. brZo­lis
ve­li ati­ka­Si ki ar iq­ne­ba, ara­med iq, sa­i­da­nac maT Se­mo­sa­va­li
aqvT. aTe­ne­lebs fu­li mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ is­gan Se­mos­diT da Cve­ni
da­mor­Ci­le­biT ma­Ti Se­mo­sa­va­li ga­iz­rde­ba. maT aRa­ra­vin au­jan­
yde­ba, Cve­ni xar­ki ga­iz­rde­ba, xo­lo mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a dam­Zim­de­ba.
Tu dag­vex­ma­re­biT, mo­i­po­vebT Zli­er flots, ro­me­lic eso­den
gWir­de­baT. xo­lo Tu aTe­ne­lebs mo­kav­Si­re­ebs wa­ar­TmevT, maT
Za­la­sac Se­am­ci­rebT. aTe­nis mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi si­a­mov­ne­biT gad­mov­
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len Tqvens mxa­re­ze da ve­ra­vin dag­wa­mebT, rom ar ex­ma­re­biT mas,
vi­sac aTe­nis wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­mos­vla surs. Tu aS­ka­rad ga­mox­valT
ela­dis gan­ma­Ta­vi­suf­leb­lad, ga­mar­jve­ba Tqven dag­rCe­baT.
ga­a­mar­TleT elin­Ta ime­de­bi, pa­ti­vi eciT olim­po­el zevss
da mig­vi­ReT Tqvens kav­Sir­Si. nu dag­vto­vebT mar­to ma­Sin,
ro­de­sac mxo­lod Cven vwi­ravT si­cocx­les elin­Ta saq­mis­Tvis,
iya­viT ma­mac­ni, ro­go­re­ba­dac mi­giC­ne­ven eli­ne­bi da ro­go­re­
bis xil­vac Cven gvin­da Cvens ga­sa­Wir­Si.~
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da­e­Tan­xmnen mi­ti­le­nel­Ta wi­na­da­de­bebs
da mi­i­Res isi­ni kav­Sir­Si. iq Sek­re­bil mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ki mo­u­
wo­des, Seg­ro­vi­liy­vnen is­Tmos­ze ati­ka­Si SesaW­relad. pir­
ve­le­bi TviT la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mi­vid­nen da da­iwy­es sam­za­di­si
xo­mal­de­bis ko­rin­Tosis zRvi­dan aTe­nis zRva­Si ga­da­saT­re­vad.
isi­ni api­reb­dnen, aTe­ne­lebs er­Tdro­u­lad das­xmod­nen Tavs
xme­le­Ti­dan da zRvi­dan. mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ar Cqa­rob­dnen, rad­gan
mo­sav­lis aRe­biT iy­vnen da­ka­ve­bu­li.
aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­am­Cni­es mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta sam­za­di­si da ga­dawy­
vi­tes, eC­ve­ne­bi­naT sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­la. maT aR­Wur­ves asi xo­mal­di
ise, rom arc ga­mo­uw­ve­vi­aT les­bo­si­dan Ta­vi­si es­kad­ra, ga­vid­
nen zRva­Si da Tavs da­es­xnen pe­lo­po­ne­sis sa­na­pi­ros sxva­das­xva
ad­gi­leb­Si. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma Ta­vi­si mdgo­ma­re­o­ba sa­xi­fa­Tod
CaT­va­les da ukan gab­run­dnen. mog­vi­a­ne­biT maT ub­rZa­nes mo­kav­
Si­re­ebs, aRe­Wur­vaT or­mo­ci xo­mal­di les­bos­ze ga­sag­zav­nad.
ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­na­xes, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Sin gab­
run­dnen, ma­Tac ukan ga­mo­iw­vi­es Ta­vi­si xo­mal­de­bi.
aTe­ne­lebs ara­so­des hyo­li­aT am­de­ni xo­mal­di. asi xo­mal­di
icav­da ati­kas, ev­be­a­sa da sa­la­mins, ki­dev asi da­cu­rav­da pe­lo­
po­ne­sis wyleb­Si im xo­mal­de­bis gar­da, rom­le­bic poteidaias
blo­ka­das axor­ci­e­leb­dnen an sxva ad­gi­leb­Si im­yo­fe­bod­nen.
am­gva­rad, im zaf­xuls aTe­nis flo­ti ora­s or­moc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­
dis­gan Sed­ge­bo­da. flo­tis Se­nax­va da poteidaias al­ya aca­ri­
e­leb­da aTe­nis xa­zi­nas. Ti­To­e­ul
­ i hop­li­ti dRe­Si or drah­mas
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iReb­da, hop­lit­Ta ricx­vi ki Tav­da­pir­ve­lad sa­mi aTa­si iyo.
mog­vi­an
­ e­biT maT dro­e­biT da­e­ma­ta aTas eq­vsa­si ka­ci. mezR­va­
u­re­bic ima­ve ra­o­de­no­bis Tan­xas iReb­dnen. ro­de­sac la­ke­de­
mo­ne­le­bi is­Tmos­ze im­yo­fe­bod­nen, mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi Se­ec
­ ad­nen
me­Tim­nas aRe­bas, mag­ram uSe­de­god. maT da­am­ya­res oli­gar­qi­u­li
we­se­bi mo­kav­Si­re qvey­neb­Si, ga­a­mag­res qa­la­qe­bis ked­le­bi da
Sin dab­run­dnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma pa­qe­te­sis sar­dlo­biT gag­zav­nes
aTa­si hop­li­ti, rom­leb­mac zam­Tris da­sawy­i­si­saT­vis da­as­ru­
les mi­ti­le­nes blo­ka­da xme­le­Ti­dan.
mi­ti­le­nes al­yi­saT­vis aTe­ne­le­bi iZu­le­bu­le­bi iy­vnen,
Se­mo­e­RoT spe­ci­a­lu­ri sam­xed­ro ga­da­sax­di – ora­si ta­lan­ti.
gar­da ami­sa, maT gag­zav­nes Tor­me­ti xo­mal­di mo­kav­Si­re­Ta­gan
xar­kis asak­re­fad.
pla­te­as al­ya ki grZel­de­bo­da. pla­te­e­lebs sur­sa­Ti uTav­
de­bo­daT da aTe­ne­le­bis ime­di aRar hqon­daT, ami­tom mtris
ke­del­ze ga­da­svla ga­dawy­vi­tes. Ta­vi­dan es geg­ma yve­las mo­e­
wo­na, mag­ram Sem­deg na­xe­var­ma ua­ri Tqva da bo­los ora­s o­ci
ka­ci wa­vi­da am Ca­na­fiq­ris Se­sas­ru­leb­lad. maT mo­am­za­des
mtris ked­lis si­maR­lis ki­be­e­bi, xo­lo ked­lis si­maR­le agu­
re­bis daT­vliT gan­sazR­vres.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta si­mag­re ki am­gva­rad iyo age­bu­li. is Sed­
ge­bo­da ori wri­u­li ked­lis­gan, Si­da pla­te­as­ken iyo mi­mar­Tu­
li, ga­re­Ta ki – aTe­nis­ken. maT So­ris Teq­vsme­ti wyrTa iyo. am
mo­nak­veT­Si ar­se­bu­li sa­Tav­so­eb
­ i ise ax­los iy­o er­Tma­neT­Tan,
rom faq­tob­ri­vad er­Ti­an ke­dels qmnida mi­way­ri­liT ori­ve
mxri­dan. yo­ve­li aTi mi­way­ri­lis Sem­deg iyo ma­Ra­li koS­ki.
Ra­miT an av­dar­Si guSagi miato­veb­da mi­way­rils da adi­o­da ga­da­
xu­rul koS­kze. pla­te­e­le­bi da­e­lod­nen bnel da wvi­mi­an Ra­mes
da ga­vid­nen qa­la­qi­dan. maT ga­da­la­xes Txri­li da Se­um­Cnev­lad
mi­ad­gnen ke­dels. isi­ni msu­bu­qad iy­vnen Se­i­a­ra­Re­bul­ni da
mxo­lod mar­cxe­na fex­ze ec­vaT, ra­Ta uf­ro uxi­fa­Tod ev­loT
ta­lax­Si. pla­te­e­le­bi mi­ad­gnen ke­dels or koSks So­ris, mi­ad­
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ges ki­be­e­bi da da­iwy­es ga­das­vla. um­rav­le­so­ba uk­ve ke­del­ze
iyo asu­li, ro­de­sac guSagma isi­ni Se­am­Cnia da gan­ga­Si ate­xa.
ma­Sin qa­laq­Si dar­Ce­nil­ma pla­te­e­leb­mac Se­u­ti­es ke­dels.
mo­al­ye­e­bi da­ib­nen, mag­ram posts ma­inc ar to­veb­dnen. So­ri­
ax­los da­ba­na­ke­bu­li sa­ma­si pe­lo­po­ne­se­li gan­ga­Sis­Ta­na­ve
maT saS­ve­lad daiZra. ain­To sa­sig­na­lo cecx­li, ro­mel­sac
Te­bel­TaT­vis xi­fa­Ti un­da euwy­eb
­ i­na. pla­te­e­leb­mac da­an­Tes
qa­la­qis ked­leb­ze wi­nas­war mom­za­de­bu­li Ci­raR­dne­bi, ra­Ta
Te­be­le­bis­Tvis gza-­kva­li aeb­ni­aT.
ama­so­ba­Si ke­del­ze asul­ma pla­te­e­leb­ma da­i­ka­ves ori
koS­ki da guSagebi da­xo­ces. maT mihy­vnen sxva meb­rZo­le­bic
da da­i­ka­ves ga­sas­vle­le­bi, raTa mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bis­Tvis gza
ga­da­e­ke­taT. pla­te­el­Ta um­rav­le­so­bam ke­de­li ga­da­la­xa da
sa­ma­si pe­lo­po­ne­se­li Ci­raR­dne­biT ek­ve­Ta maT. pla­te­e­le­bi,
rom­le­bic Txri­lis pi­ras id­gnen, sib­ne­li­dan ukeT xe­dav­dnen
mters, mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs ki Ci­raR­dne­bis Su­qi ab­rma­veb­da.
pla­te­e­le­bi maT is­re­biT ige­ri­eb­dnen da mo­a­xer­xes ki­dec
Txri­lis ga­da­lax­va.
Txri­li­dan rom amo­vid­nen, maT ge­zi Te­be­ze ai­Res im ime­
diT, rom mte­ri iq Zeb­nas ar da­uwy­eb­da. mar­Tlac, Ci­raR­dni­a­ni
mde­va­ri aTe­nis gzas da­ad­ga. eq­vsi Tu Svi­di sta­di­o­ni ga­i­a­res
pla­te­e­leb­ma Te­bes mi­mar­Tu­le­biT, Sem­deg mTas Se­mo­u­a­res da
mSvi­do­biT Ca­vid­nen aTen­Si. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma Sewy­vi­tes dev­na
da ukan dab­run­dnen. qa­laq­Si dar­Ce­ni­leb­ma ara­fe­ri icod­nen
mom­xda­ris Se­sa­xeb. Ta­vi­dan maT pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs da­za­ve­ba
sTxo­ves da­Ru­pul­Ta da­sakrZa­lad, Sem­deg ki, ro­de­sac si­mar­
Tle Seityves, da­za­ve­baze ua­ri Tqves.
zam­Tris mi­wu­ruls mi­ti­le­ne­Si Ca­vi­da la­ke­de­mo­ne­li sa­la­
i­To­si, ro­mel­mac auwy­a, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ati­ka­Si SeW­ra­sa
da les­bos­ze dam­xma­re es­kad­ris gag­zav­nas api­reb­dnen. am cno­
bam mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi ga­am­xne­va da maT aTe­ne­leb­Tan Se­Tan­xme­ba
ga­da­af
­ iq­re­bi­na. ase das­rul­da omis me­oTxe we­li­wa­di.
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mom­dev­no zaf­xuls pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma mi­ti­le­ne­Si or­moc­
da­o­ri xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes na­var­qos al­ki­da­sis xel­mZRva­ne­lo­
biT. isi­ni mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad ati­ka­Sic Se­iW­rnen. am­je­rad
maT sar­dlob­da kle­o­me­ne­si Ta­vi­si mci­rew­lo­va­ni Zmis­Svi­lis,
me­fe pav­sa­ni­a­sis nac­vlad. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma kvlav da­ar­bi­es
ati­ka, mos­pes yve­la­fe­ri, ra­sac ga­xa­re­ba mo­es­wro. ro­de­sac
sur­sa­Ti gamoeliaT, Sin dab­run­dnen.
ama­so­ba­Si mi­ti­le­ne­lebs ga­da­uwy­daT pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­
ris dax­ma­re­bis ime­di, ga­mo­e­li­aT sak­ve­bi da iZu­le­bu­lebi
gax­dnen, da­ne­be­bod­nen aTe­ne­lebs. amis uSu­a­lo mi­ze­zi ki is
gax­da, rom sa­la­i­Tas­ma ia­ra­Ri da­u­ri­ga mo­sax­le­o­bas, ra­Ta
Tavs das­xmod­nen mo­al­ye­ebs. mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma ki aRar mo­in­do­mes
mTav­ro­bis mor­Ci­le­ba da mdid­rebs mos­Txo­ves, ga­e­na­wi­le­bi­naT
maT­Tvis pu­ris ma­ra­gi.
mi­ti­le­nes xe­li­suf­le­bam da­i­na­xa, rom xalxs ve­Rar Se­a­Ce­
reb­da da yve­la mo­qa­la­qis sa­xe­liT Se­uT
­ an­xmda pa­qe­tess Sem­deg
pi­ro­beb­ze: qvey­nis beds ga­dawy­ve­ten aTe­ne­le­bi, mi­ti­le­ne­le­
bi Se­uS­ve­ben laS­qars qa­laq­Si da gag­zav­ni­an el­Cebs aTen­Si.
el­Ce­bis dab­ru­ne­bam­de pa­qe­tess ekrZaleba vinmes datyveveba,
ga­yidva an mokvla. amis mi­u­xe­da­vad, ro­gorc ki aTe­nel­Ta
ja­ri qa­laq­Si Se­vi­da, la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mTa­var­ma mom­xre­eb­ma
Ta­vi ta­Zars Se­a­fa­res. pa­qe­tes­ma aRuT­qva maT, rom ara­fers
da­u­Sa­veb­da da te­ne­dos­ze gag­zav­na, sa­nam aTe­ne­le­bi maT beds
ga­dawy­vet­dnen.
ama­so­ba­Si les­bos­ze mi­ma­val­ma pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ram
mSvi­do­bi­a­nad mi­aR­wia ika­ros­sa da mi­ko­nos, sa­dac pir­ve­lad
ga­i­ges mi­ti­le­nes da­ce­mis am­ba­vi. isi­ni Se­ik­rib­nen sa­TaT­bi­
rod. ele­el­ma tev­ti­ap­los­ma maT Ses­Ta­va­za, manam das­xmod­nen
Tavs mi­ti­le­nes, sa­nam mte­ri ma­Ti Ca­mos­vlis am­bavs ga­i­geb­da.
aTe­ne­le­bisTvis, al­baT, Tav­das­xma ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg mo­u­
lod­ne­li iqneboda, miT ume­tes zRvi­dan, sa­dac isi­ni gan­sa­
kuT­re­biT Zli­e­re­bi iy­vnen.
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ele­el
­ is sity­veb­ma al­ki­da­si ver da­ar­wmu­na. ma­Sin ram­deni­me
io­ni­el­ma ltol­vil­ma mas ur­Ci­a ro­me­li­me io­ni­u­ri qa­la­qis an
eo­li­u­ri ki­mes da­ka­ve­ba. es qa­la­qi ga­mod­ge­bo­da ba­zad io­ni­a­Si
ajan­ye­bis mo­sawy­o­bad. amiT aTe­ne­lebs di­di Se­mo­sa­va­li da­ak­
lde­bo­daT, xo­lo Tu aq pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta blo­ka­das ga­dawy­
vet­dnen, es maT­Tvis did xar­jeb­Tan iq­ne­bo­da da­kav­Si­re­bu­li.
al­ki­das­ma arc es wi­na­da­de­ba mi­i­Ro. mas me­re, rac mi­ti­le­ne­Si
da­ag­vi­an­da, mas Sin dab­ru­ne­ba eC­qa­re­bo­da.
al­ki­da­si zRva­Si dabrunda da sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv ga­cu­ra.
man sik­vdi­liT da­sa­ja tyve­e­bis um­rav­le­so­ba, vinc gzad xel­
Si Ca­ig­do. Sem­deg is mi­ad­ga efe­so­sis nav­sad­gurs. aq mas­Tan
mo­vid­nen sa­mo­se­li el­Ce­bi da usay­ve­du­res uda­na­Sa­u­lo ada­
mi­an­Ta sik­vdi­liT das­ja, rac ela­dis gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis karg
sa­Su­a­le­bad ver Ca­iT­vle­bo­da. es xal­xi xom aTe­nel­Ta uneb­lie
mo­kav­Si­re iyo. Tu ase ga­ag­rZe­lebs, aramc Tu axal me­gob­rebs
ver mo­i­po­vebs, ara­med Zvel me­gob­reb­sac mtre­bad aq­cevs.
al­ki­das­ma ga­i­zi­a­ra sa­mo­sel­Ta sity­ve­bi da ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­la
gadarCenili tyve­e­bi.
al­ki­dass swra­fad mo­u­wia efe­so­sis da­to­ve­ba, rad­gan igi
aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi­dan Se­am­Cni­es. mdev­ris Si­SiT is Ria zRva­
Si ga­vi­da da ge­zi pir­da­pir pe­lo­po­ne­sis­ken ai­Ro. ro­de­sac
pa­qe­tes­ma al­ki­da­sis es­kad­ris Se­sa­xeb ga­i­go, Se­Sin­da, rom
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi io­ni­is qa­la­qebs ar das­xmod­nen Tavs. is swra­
fad da­ed
­ ev­na mters da kun­Zul pat­mo­sam­de sdi­a. mi­u­xe­da­vad
imi­sa, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs ver da­e­wi­a, pa­qe­te­si ma­inc kma­yo­
fi­li darCa, rom mas ar mo­u­wia mtris blo­ki­re­ba ga­mag­re­bul
ad­gi­las.
uka­na gza­ze pa­qe­te­si mi­ad­ga ko­lo­fo­nel­Ta nav­sad­gurs –
no­ti­os. aq ko­lo­fo­ne­le­bi gad­mo­sax­ldnen ze­mo qa­la­qi­dan,
ro­me­lic ita­ma­nos­ma da bar­ba­ro­seb­ma da­i­ka­ves. es mox­da ati­
ka­Si pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta me­o­red SeW­risas. no­ti­o­Si da­sax­le­bu­li
ltol­vi­le­bi er­Tma­neTs da­e­riv­nen. er­Tma jguf­ma ar­ka­di­e­li
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da bar­ba­ro­si mo­qi­rav­ne­e­bis dax­ma­re­biT da­i­sa­kuT­ra qa­la­qi,
me­o­re jguf­ma ki pa­qe­tess sTxo­va Sve­la. pa­qe­tes­ma mo­sa­la­pa­
ra­keb­lad mi­iw­via gar­ni­zo­nis uf­ro­si hi­pi­a­si da da­hpir­da mas,
rom qa­laq­Si uv­neb­lad da­ab­ru­neb­da. mag­ram aTe­nel­ma da­aty­
ve­va igi da mo­u­lod­ne­li Se­te­viT ai­Ro qa­la­qi, gar­ni­zo­ni ki
amo­xo­ca. amis Sem­deg hi­pi­a­si da­pi­re­bi­sa­mebr ga­uS­ves, mag­ram
qa­laq­Si Se­su­li is­re­biT dacx­ri­les.
qa­la­qi pa­qe­tes­ma ko­lo­fo­ne­lebs ga­das­ca. Sem­dgom­Si aTe­
ne­leb­ma aq gad­mo­a­sax­les ko­lo­fo­ne­le­bi me­zo­be­li qa­la­qe­
bi­da­nac, mis­ces ka­no­ne­bi da meT­val­yu­red aTe­ne­li mo­xe­le
da­u­niS­nes.
mi­ti­le­ne­Si dab­ru­ne­bul­ma pa­qe­tes­ma da­i­mor­Ci­la me­zo­be­
li qa­la­qe­bi, da­aty­ve­va la­ke­de­mo­ne­li sa­la­i­Te­si da gag­zav­na
aTen­Si. iq­ve gag­zav­nes mi­ti­le­ne­li tyve­eb
­ ic, rom­le­bic ad­re
te­ne­dos­ze hyav­daT. laS­qris di­di na­wi­li pa­qe­tes­ma ga­uS­va,
er­Ti raz­mi ki les­bos­ze da­i­to­va iqa­u­ri saq­me­e­bis mo­sag­va­
reb­lad.
ro­de­sac tyve­e­bi da sa­la­i­Te­si aTen­Si Ca­vid­nen, aTe­ne­leb­ma
sa­la­i­Te­si sik­vdi­liT da­sa­jes, mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom is Ta­vis
sam­sa­xurs sTa­va­zob­da, sxva­Ta So­ris, pla­te­as al­yis mox­snis
saq­me­Sic. Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­xal­xo kre­ba mo­iw­vi­es da­nar­
Ce­ni tyve­e­bis be­dis ga­da­sawy­ve­tad. ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­bul­ma xal­xma
ga­dawy­vi­ta, da­e­xo­caT ara mar­to aTen­Si Ca­moy­va­ni­li tyve­e­bi,
ara­med yve­la zrdas­ru­li mi­ti­le­ne­li, xo­lo qa­le­bi da bav­Sve­
bi mo­ne­bad ga­e­yi­daT. mi­ti­le­nel­Ta gan­dgo­ma aTe­ne­lebs miT
uf­ro da­uS­veb­lad mi­aC­ndaT, radgan isi­ni, sxva ajan­ye­bu­le­bis­
gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, iy­vnen ara aTe­nel­Ta qve­Sev­rdo­me­bi, ara­med
Ta­vi­suf­le­bi. aTe­nel­Ta gu­lis­wyro­mas aZ­li­er
­ eb­da isic, rom
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ram ga­be­da da­sax­ma­reb­lad io­ni­a­Si mis­
vla. aman da­ar­wmu­na aTe­ne­le­bi, rom ajan­ye­ba ar iyo ue­ca­ri da
di­dxans mzad­de­bo­da. amis ga­mo, aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­ug­zav­nes pa­qe­tess
brZa­ne­ba, da­u­yov­neb­liv da­e­xo­ca mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi.
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me­o­re dRes aTe­ne­leb­ma ina­nes sa­ku­Ta­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­
ba. mSvi­di gan­sjis Sedegad uda­na­Sa­ul
­ o xal­xis da­xoc­va maT
zed­met si­sas­ti­ked mi­iC­ni­es. mi­ti­le­nel­Ta el­Ceb­ma da maT­ma
aTe­nel­ma me­gob­reb­ma Se­am­Cni­es xal­xis gan­wyo­ba­Si es cvli­le­
ba da da­ar­wmu­nes xe­li­suf­le­ba, xe­lax­la da­e­ye­ne­bi­na sa­kiTxi
sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze. es maT ar gas­Wir­ve­bi­aT, rad­gan mo­qa­la­qe­Ta
um­rav­le­so­bas ise­dac un­do­da ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis Sec­vla. ma­Sin­
ve mo­iw­vi­es kre­ba, sa­dac ga­mo­iT­qva sxva­das­xva az­ri. xe­lax­la
ga­mo­vi­da kle­o­ni, ro­mel­mac wi­na Sek­re­ba­ze ga­da­awy­ve­ti­na
mo­qa­la­qe­ebs mi­ti­le­nel­Ta das­ja. es ka­ci, sa­er­Tod, yve­la­ze
mZvin­va­re iyo mo­qa­la­qe­Ta So­ris da im dros sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze
di­di pa­ti­viT sar­geb­lob­da. man am sity­ve­biT mi­mar­Ta Sek­re­
bilT:
`me ad­rec ara­er­Txel dav­rwmu­ne­bul­var de­mok­ra­ti­is
uni­a­To­ba­Si, ro­de­sac saq­me sxva qvey­neb­ze ba­to­no­bas exe­ba,
mag­ram gan­sa­kuT­re­biT cxa­di es ax­la Se­iq­na, ro­de­sac Tqven
mi­ti­le­ne­le­bis ga­na­Cens na­nobT. yo­vel­dRi­ur ur­Ti­er­To­ba­Si
Tqven­Tvis ucxoa Si­Si da un­dob­lo­ba. ase­ve ndo­biT eki­de­biT
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­sac. Tu ax­la dah­yve­biT Se­go­ne­bebs da gul­mowy­
a­le­bis ga­mo da­uS­vebT Sec­do­mas, es Tqven mxo­lod saf­rTxes
Se­giq­mniT, mo­kav­Si­re­Ta mad­li­e­re­bas ki tyu­i­lad eliT. nu
da­ga­viwy­de­baT, rom Tqve­ni ba­to­no­ba mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze ma­Ti
ne­bis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­go ti­ra­nia­a. isi­ni ki ar ari­an Tqven mi­marT
ke­Ti­lad gan­wyo­bil­ni. isi­ni imi­tom ki ar ge­mor­Ci­le­bi­an, rom
Tqven maT ke­Ti­lad epy­ro­biT da me­gob­robT maT­Tan, ara­med
imi­tom, rom Tqve­ni Za­lis eSi­ni­aT.
yve­la­ze cu­di mer­ye­o­ba da ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba­Ta cvlaa. Cven
un­da vi­co­deT, rom sa­xel­mwi­fo, Tun­dac nak­le­bad srul­yo­
fi­li, mag­ram mkac­ri, Sesrulebadi ka­no­ne­biT uf­ro Zli­e­ria
mas­ze, vi­sac mSve­ni­er
­ i, mag­ram usu­su­ri ka­no­ne­bi aqvs. ga­u­naT­
leb­lo­ba, ke­Til­gan­wyo­bas­Tan er­Tad, xom uf­ro sa­sar­geb­lo­a,
vid­re Wkua da Ta­vi­su­fa­li az­rov­ne­ba. mar­Tlac, ub­ra­lo ka­ci
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uke­Te­si mo­qa­la­qe­a, vid­re ga­naT­le­bu­li, ro­mel­sac un­da ka­non­
ze uf­ro Wkvi­a­ni Can­des. sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze isi­ni yo­vel­Tvis
cdi­lo­ben ga­i­mar­jvon sa­zo­ga­do saq­me­eb­ze da­va­Si, TiT­qos
ar ar­se­bob­des sxva sfero, sa­dac maT Ta­vi­si Wku­is ga­mov­le­
na Se­uZ­li­aT. sa­xel­mwi­fos­Tvis ki maT, ro­gorc we­si, zi­a­ni
mo­aqvT. ub­ra­lo xal­xi ar mi­iC­nevs Tavs gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­lad da,
Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, arc ka­non­ze uf­ro Wkvi­a­nad. isi­ni ar eka­ma­Te­bi­an
imas, rac kar­gad iT­qva. uf­ro mi­u­ker­Zo­e­be­li mo­sa­mar­Tle­ni
ari­an, vid­re ka­ma­Tis mo­na­wi­le­ni da xSir Sem­Txve­va­Si swo­rad
iq­ce­vi­an. Cvenc ase un­da mo­viq­ceT, nu Se­ve­jib­re­biT er­Tma­neTs
mWev­rmety­ve­le­ba­sa da Wku­aS
­ i.
me Cems az­rze vrCe­bi da mik­virs, rom mi­ti­le­nel­Ta saq­me­ze
kvlav da­i­niS­na Sek­re­ba. es ga­da­va­de­ba dam­na­Sa­ve­Ta in­te­re­seb­Si
uf­ro­a, vid­re Cven­sa­Si. dro­Ta gan­mav­lo­ba­Si da­za­ra­le­bu­lis
ris­xva cxre­ba da is nak­le­bad mkac­rad sjis mo­Za­la­des, xo­lo
sas­je­li, ro­me­lic uSu­a­lod mos­devs da­na­Sa­uls, sa­u­ke­Te­so
Su­ris­ge­ba­a. me ma­o­cebs isic, vinc cdi­lobs da­am­tki­cos, rom
mi­ti­le­nel­Ta da­na­Sa­ul
­ i Cven­Tvis sa­sar­geb­lo­a, xo­lo Cve­ni
wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­ba vnebs mo­kav­Si­re­ebs. er­Ti cxa­di­a: an Ta­vis
mWev­rmety­ve­le­ba­Si dar­wmu­ne­bul­ma, eW­vi un­da Se­it
­ a­nos Cvens
gu­Sin­del erTsu­lo­van ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba­Si an an­ga­re­biT Sepy­ro­
bil­ma un­da sca­dos Tqve­ni mo­xib­vla da moty­u­e­ba so­fis­tu­ri
sity­viT. mWev­rmety­vel­Ta aseT Se­jib­rSi jil­dos er­Ti iRebs,
qve­ya­na ki im­kis mcda­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis Se­de­gebs. dam­na­Sa­ve
Tqven iq­ne­biT, radgan cu­dad awy­obT am­gvar Se­jib­rebs da miC­
ve­u­li xarT, iyoT ma­yu­re­be­li da msme­ne­li, ro­de­sac wyde­ba
sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­me­e­bi.
mo­ma­val saq­me­eb­ze Tqven msje­lobT ara re­a­lu­ri faq­te­bis,
ara­med ora­to­ris sity­ve­bis mi­xed­viT. Tqven io­lad tyuv­de­biT
axa­li ide­e­biT da ar gin­daT mis­di­oT uk­ve mi­Re­bul ga­dawy­
ve­ti­le­bebs. Tqven gi­ta­cebT yve­la­fe­ri uC­ve­u­lo da gZulT
Cve­u­li. Ti­To­e­ul
­ i Tqven­­ga­ni cdi­lobs Tqvas sity­va. Tu kar­gi
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ora­to­ro­biT ver da­ik­vex­nis, aseTs Se­e­ka­ma­Te­ba ma­inc. Tqven
ai­ta­cebT xol­me Ti­To­e­ul mZafr sity­vas, cdi­lobT ga­mo­ic­
noT, ra moh­yve­ba mas, mag­ram ar Se­giZ­li­aT ga­iT­va­lis­wi­noT
Tqve­ni ga­dawyve­ti­le­bis Se­de­ge­bi. Tqven oc­ne­bobT da araf­rad
ag­debT re­a­lo­bas, ro­mel­Sic vcxov­robT. Tqven uf­ro gav­xarT
so­fis­tTa msme­ne­lebs, vid­re xalxs, ro­me­lic sa­xel­mwi­fo
saq­me­eb­ze msje­lobs.
me vec­de­bi gix­snaT am Sec­do­mis­gan da da­gim­tki­coT, rom
mi­ti­le­ne­leb­ma di­di zi­a­ni mog­va­ye­nes. me ki­dev va­pa­ti­eb­di
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs, vi­sac mZi­me tvir­Tad awevs Cve­ni ba­to­no­ba, an
mtris wa­qe­ze­biT ajan­ye­bu­lebs. es xal­xi ki, kar­gad da­cu­li
sa­ku­Tar kun­Zul­ze mkvid­ri ga­lav­ni­Ta da Zli­e­ri flo­tiT,
Ta­vi­su­fa­li iyo da Cve­ni pa­ti­vis­ce­miT sar­geb­lob­da, mag­ram
ma­inc ase mo­iq­ca. sxva ra hqvia maT saq­ci­els Tu ara ve­ra­gu­li
Tav­das­xma? mas ajan­ye­bas ver uwo­deb. ga­na isi­ni ar cdi­lob­
dnen Cvens da­u­Zi­ne­bel mter­Tan er­Tad Cvens da­Rup­vas? es
ki­dev ua­re­si­a, vid­re pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­biT Sepy­ro­bi­lebs da­mo­
u­ki­deb­lad rom da­ewy­oT Cven­Tan omi. maT ve­ra­fe­ri as­wav­la
me­zo­bel­Ta bed­ma da ke­Til­dRe­o­bam ver Se­a­ka­va isi­ni, rom ar
ga­da­ed­gaT sa­be­dis­we­ro na­bi­ji.
Cven ar un­da gag­ver­Cia mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi­
sa­gan. ma­Sin ase ar ga­Tav­xed­de­bod­nen. xalxs xom sa­er­Tod
ezizR­e­ba pir­fe­ri­ a­da­mi­a­ni, da, pi­ri­qiT, pa­tivs sce­ms Zli­
ers. ax­la ma­inc mi­i­Ron dam­sa­xu­re­bu­li sas­je­li. Cven ar un­da
da­va­da­na­Sa­u­loT mxo­lod oli­gar­qe­bi da ar unda dav­to­voT
da­us­je­li xal­xi. isi­ni xom er­Tad dag­ves­xnen Tavs. oli­gar­qe­
bi rom mi­e­to­ve­bi­naT da Cvens mxa­re­ze gad­mo­su­liy­vnen, ax­la
Ta­vi­su­fal qa­laq­Si icx­ov­reb­dnen. mag­ram xal­xma am­jo­bi­na,
oli­gar­qeb­Tan er­Tad ga­e­zi­a­re­bi­na xi­fa­Ti da Se­u­er­Tda ajan­ye­
bas. da­uf
­ iq­rdiT, Tu Cven er­Tna­i­rad dav­sjiT sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT
ajan­ye­bul mo­kav­Si­re­eb­sac da ma­Tac, vinc mter­ma ai­Zu­la, vi­Ra
ity­vis uars ajan­ye­ba­ze, Tu war­ma­te­ba Ta­vi­suf­le­bas hpir­de­
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ba, xo­lo mar­cxis Sem­Txve­va­Si ar da­is­je­bi­an? Cven ki ne­bis­mi­er
ajan­ye­bul qve­ya­nas­Tan brZo­la­Si saf­rTxe­Si vag­debT sa­ku­Tar
qo­ne­ba­sa da si­cocx­les.
ami­tom nu miv­cemT imaT imeds, vinc sity­viT Tu qrTa­miT
gva­i­Zu­le­bs, ma­Ti da­na­Sa­u­li ada­mi­a­nu­ri si­sus­tiT ga­va­mar­
TloT da, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, va­pa­ti­oT. Se­iZ­le­ba apa­tio uneb­li­eT
mo­ye­ne­bu­li za­ra­li, mag­ram isi­ni Cven gac­no­bi­e­re­bu­lad dag­
ves­xnen Tavs. ami­tom me mo­viTx­ov, nu Sev­cvliT Cvens ga­dawy­
ve­ti­le­bas da nu dav­neb­de­biT di­di sa­xel­mwi­fos­Tvis sam
yve­la­ze mav­ne­bel si­sus­tes – sib­ra­luls, mWev­rmety­ve­le­biT
ga­ta­ce­basa da did­su­lov­ne­bas. sib­ra­lu­li ar un­da ga­mo­i­Ci­
no imis mi­marT, vinc savaraudod gim­trobs; mWev­rmety­vel­ma
Ta­vi­si xe­lov­ne­ba qvey­nis­Tvis nak­leb mniS­vne­lo­van saq­me­Si
unda ga­mo­i­Ci­nos, xo­lo did­su­lov­ne­ba ga­mar­Tle­bu­lia maT
mi­marT, vinc amas da­a­fa­sebs. mok­led, da­mi­je­reT da ise mo­e­qe­
ciT mi­ti­le­ne­lebs, ro­gorc isi­ni amas im­sa­xu­re­ben. Tu Tqven
sxva ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bas mi­i­RebT, maT­gan mad­li­e­re­bas nu eliT,
sa­ku­Tar Tavs ki ga­na­Cens ga­mo­u­tanT. Tu isi­ni sa­mar­Tli­a­nad
ajan­ydnen, Tqven ar gqo­ni­aT uf­le­ba, maT­ze ba­to­nob­deT.
mag­ram, Tu Tqven sa­mar­Ta­li ar ga­in­te­re­sebT da ba­to­no­bas
api­rebT, sxva ara­fe­ri dag­rCe­ni­aT, Tu ara ma­Ti das­ja. wi­na­aR­
mdeg Sem­Txve­va­Si, ua­ri TqviT ba­to­no­ba­ze da Ta­vi mo­i­wo­neT
Tqve­ni did­su­lov­ne­biT. da­fiq­rdiT, ras gi­zam­dnen isi­ni,
ga­mar­jve­ba rom mo­e­po­ve­bi­naT. miT uf­ro, rom isi­ni pir­ve­le­
bi da­ges­xnen Tavs. is, vinc umi­ze­zod es­xmis Tavs, bo­lom­de
mi­dis, rad­gan Su­ris­ge­bis eSi­ni­a. am­de­nad, nu uRa­la­tebT
sa­ku­Tar Tavs, Su­ri iZi­eT imis ga­mo, rac Tqven ge­muq­re­bo­
daT. mi­uzR­eT maT sa­kad­ri­si da aC­ve­neT sxva mo­kav­Si­re­ebs,
rom ajan­ye­bis sazR­a­u­ri sik­vdi­li­a. ro­de­sac amas ga­i­ge­ben,
Tqven me­ti dro dag­rCe­baT nam­dvil mtreb­Tan sab­rZol­ve­lad.~
kle­o­nis Sem­deg sity­va di­od
­ o­tos­ma iTx­o­va, ro­me­lic wi­na
kre­ba­zec mi­ti­le­nel­Ta das­jis Zi­ri­Ta­di mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge iyo.
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`me ar vam­tyu­neb maT, vinc kvlav mo­iTx­o­va sa­kiTx­is gan­xil­va
da ar va­mar­Tleb eso­den mniS­vne­lo­va­ni saq­me­e­bis me­o­red gan­
xil­vis mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs. Ce­mi az­riT, swo­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis
mi­Re­bas aC­qa­re­ba da ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­ba uS­lis xels. pir­ve­li ugu­nu­re­
bis Se­de­gi­a, me­o­re – uxe­So­bi­sa da win­da­u­xe­da­o­bis. ne­bis­mi­er
­ i,
vinc sity­vis wi­na­aR­mde­gi­a, an ugu­nu­ria an an­ga­re­biT moq­me­
debs. is ugu­nu­ri­a, Tu ver xe­davs, rom TaT­bi­ris ga­re­Se ver
gan­Wvrets mo­ma­vals, da an­ga­re­biT moq­me­debs, Tu xvde­ba, rom
mxo­lod Tav­xe­du­ri ci­lis­wa­me­biT da­aS
­ i­nebs mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­sa
da msme­ne­lebs. mag­ram yve­la­ze cu­di­a, eW­vob­de, rom mo­wi­na­aR­
mde­ge mos­yi­du­li­a. Tu ora­tors brals sde­ben ima­Si, rom cu­dad
er­kve­va saq­me­Si, ma­Sin mas mo­u­wevs was­vla msme­nel­Ta dar­wmu­ne­bis
ga­re­Se. is aR­moC­nde­ba su­le­li, mag­ram ara usin­di­so. mag­ram Tu
mas uwe­so­ba­Si da­va­da­na­Sa­u­lebT, da­ma­je­re­be­li ga­mos­vla ver
ga­fan­tavs eW­vebs, xo­lo Tu is msme­ne­lebs ver da­ar­wmu­nebs, mas
ara mar­to si­su­le­le­Si, tyu­il­Sic da­ad
­ a­na­Sa­u­le­ben. qve­ya­na
bevrs da­kar­gavs, Tu Si­Si mas sa­u­ke­Te­so mrCe­ve­lebs da­ak­ ar­gvi­
nebs. qve­ya­na mxo­lod mo­i­geb­da, Tu msgav­si xal­xi ar iq­ne­bo­da
mWev­rmety­ve­li. ma­Sin isi­ni ver mo­aty­u­eb­dnen mo­qa­la­qe­ebs.
kar­gma mo­qa­la­qem Ta­vi­si si­mar­Tle mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis da­Si­ne­biT
ki ara, Ta­nas­wor pa­ti­o­san ka­maT­Si un­da daamtkicos. sa­xel­mwi­
fom arc un­da ga­na­di­dos mi­si dam­sa­xu­re­ba, vinc ke­Til rCe­vas
iZ­le­va, da arc da­am­cros; aseve is, vis rCe­va­sac ar mi­iR
­ e­bs, ar
un­da da­i­sa­jos. ma­Sin arc er­Ti ora­to­ri ar Se­ec­de­ba sa­ku­Ta­ri
rwme­nis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god xal­xis ke­Til­gan­wyo­bis mo­po­ve­bas.
Cven ki pi­ri­qiT viq­ce­viT. Tu vin­me karg rCe­vas gvaZ­levs,
mag­ram Cnde­ba eW­vi, rom is Ta­vis Tav­ze fiq­robs, mzad varT
sa­xel­mwi­fos aS­ka­ra mo­ge­ba da­va­kar­gvi­noT. saq­me iqam­de mi­vi­
da, rom sa­u­ke­Te­so rCe­va, Tu is ar aris mWev­rmety­ve­lu­rad
ga­moT­qmu­li, iseT­sa­ve eWvs ba­debs, ro­gorc cu­di, da pa­ti­o­
san kac­sac tyu­i­liT uwevs xal­xis ndo­bis mo­po­ve­ba. mxo­lod
Cvens qve­ya­na­Sia Se­uZ­le­be­li aS­ka­rad da pa­ti­os­nad em­sa­xu­ro
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sa­xel­mwi­fos, rad­gan Cven zed­me­tad Wkvi­a­ne­bi da amis ga­mo
me­tis­me­tad eW­vi­a­ne­bi varT. aTe­ne­le­bi eW­vo­ben, rom yve­las,
vinc aS­ka­rad sCa­dis si­ke­Tes, an­ga­re­ba amoZ­ra­vebs, da ma­inc,
ro­de­sac saq­me mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bas exe­ba,
Tqven un­da aRi­ar
­ oT, rom ora­to­re­bi uf­ro Sor­smxed­ve­le­bi
ari­an, vid­re isi­ni, vinc mxo­lod gan­xil­vis dro­saa yu­radR­
e­biT. un­da gax­sov­deT, rom ora­to­ri pa­suxs agebs rCe­veb­sa
da wi­na­da­de­beb­ze, msme­ne­li ki – ara. Tqve­ni ga­na­Ce­ni uf­ro
zo­mi­e­ri da frTxi­li iq­ne­bo­da, Ta­nab­rad rom ageb­dnen pa­suxs
isic, vinc cud rCe­vas iZ­le­va, da isi­c, vinc mas uje­re­bs. ax­la
ki cu­di Se­de­gis Sem­Txve­va­Si Tqven bra­zobT mrCe­vel­ze, sa­ku­
Tar Tavs ki Sec­do­mas pa­ti­obT, rad­gan mas sxveb­Tan er­Tad
izi­a­rebT.
me mi­ti­le­nel­Ta arc dam­cve­li var da arc bral­mdebe­li.
Cven vka­ma­TobT ara maT da­na­Sa­ul­ze, ara­med Cvens ga­dawy­ve­
ti­le­ba­ze. romc da­vam­tki­co mi­ti­le­ne­leb­is um­Zi­me­si da­na­
Sa­ul
­ i, ma­inc ar mo­viTx­ov maT das­jas, Tu es ar iq­ne­ba Cvens
in­te­re­seb­Si. me­o­re mxriv, ma­Ti da­na­Sa­ul
­ i sul mci­re­dic rom
iyos, ar va­pa­ti­eb­di, Tu es Cven gvav­neb­da. ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis
mi­Re­bi­sas mo­ma­val­ze un­da vi­fiq­roT. Tu kle­o­ni mi­iC­nevs, rom
ma­Ti sik­vdi­liT das­ja ag­va­ci­lebs mo­kav­Si­re­Ta ajan­ye­bebs, me
sa­pi­ris­pi­ros da­vam­tki­ceb. ime­di maqvs, Tavs ar mo­aty­u­e­bi­nebT
kle­o­nis moC­ve­ne­biT sa­mar­Tli­a­no­bas da ar uar­yofT Cems wi­na­
da­de­bas. kle­o­nis sity­ve­bi me­tad esa­da­ge­ba Tqvens sa­mar­Tli­an
ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­bas, mag­ram Cven aq sa­sa­mar­Tlo pro­ce­si ara gvaqvs da
vmsje­lobT ara sa­mar­Tli­a­no­ba­ze, ara­med Cvens in­te­re­seb­ze.
nak­le­bad mZi­me da­na­Sa­ul
­ is­Tvi­sac ki sa­xel­mwi­fo sik­vdi­liT
sjis, mag­ram ada­mi­a­nebs yo­vel­Tvis aqvT war­ma­te­bis ime­di, Tun­
dac sa­sik­vdi­lo xi­fa­Tis fa­sad. ara­vin wa­mo­iwy­ebs saq­mes, Tu
wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­ba wi­nas­war gan­sazR­vru­li­a. arc er­Ti qve­ya­na ar
ajan­yde­ba, Tu ara aqvs sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­biT an sxvi­si dax­ma­re­biT
ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di. Ta­vi­si bu­ne­biT, ada­mi­a­ni sCa­dis da­uS­ve­bels
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ro­gorc ker­Zo, ise sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv cxov­re­ba­Si da ve­ra­vi­Ta­ri
ka­no­ni mas ver aka­vebs. sa­xel­mwi­fo­eb­ma ga­mos­ca­des yve­la­na­ir
­ i
dam­sje­li zo­ma da sul am­kac­re­ben maT im ime­diT, rom da­na­Sa­
uls mos­po­ben. Zvel dros sas­je­li uf­ro rbi­li iyo. dro­Ta
gan­mav­lo­ba­Si igi sik­vdi­liT Se­ic­va­la, mag­ram da­na­Sa­u­li ar
Sem­ci­re­bu­la. am­de­nad, an un­da uf­ro mkac­ri sas­je­li unda
mo­vi­fiq­roT, an va­Ri­a­roT, rom dam­na­Sa­ves sas­je­li ar aSi­nebs:
an si­Ra­ri­be Trgu­navs ada­mi­ans da mas Tav­xe­do­bas ma­tebs, an sim­
did­re qed­maR­lo­ba­sa da Tav­da­je­re­bu­lo­bas­Tan er­Tad ubiZ­gebs
mas, rom uf­ro mets es­wraf­vo­des. ada­mi­a­ni Sepy­ro­bi­lia brma
vne­be­biT, amas ema­te­ba ga­ta­ce­ba da ime­di. es uxi­la­vi Za­le­bi
uf­ro Zli­er
­ ad moq­me­de­bs ada­mi­an­ze, vid­re sa­za­re­li sas­je­lis
xil­va. Tanac bed­ni­er
­ i Sem­Txve­va ab­rma­vebs xalxs. sa­xel­mwi­fo
ki­dev uf­ro io­lad ah­yve­ba cdu­ne­bas, rad­gan saq­me exe­ba um­niS­
vne­lo­va­nes ra­mes – Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­sa da sxveb­ze ba­to­no­bas da
Ti­To­e­ul
­ i ada­mi­a­ni sa­zo­ga­do­eb
­ a­Si uf­ro mxned grZnobs Tavs.
mok­led, si­su­le­le iq­ne­bo­da gve­fiq­ra, rom mkac­ri ka­no­ne­bi­T
ada­mi­a­nebs xels ava­Re­bi­nebT ima­ze, rac maT bu­ne­biT mos­dgamT.
ami­tom ar un­da mi­vi­RoT ugu­nu­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba. nu
gveq­ne­ba im usaf­rTxo­e­bis ime­di, ro­mel­sac sik­vdi­liT das­ja
mog­vi­tans, da nu mo­vus­pobT Cvens am­bo­xe­bul mo­kav­Si­re­ebs
da­na­Sa­u­lis mo­na­ni­eb
­ is imeds. kar­gad da­fiq­rdiT, ra gir­Cev­
ni­aT: ajan­ye­bu­li qve­ya­na mas me­re, rac sa­ku­Tar si­sus­te­Si
dar­wmun­de­ba, dag­neb­deT, agi­nazR­a­u­roT sam­xed­ro xar­je­bi
da ga­ag­rZe­los xar­kis ga­dax­da, Tu Tqve­ni si­sas­ti­kiT Se­Si­
ne­bul­ma sis­xlis bo­lo wve­Tam­de ib­rZo­los? ga­na amiT Tqven
uf­ro ar da­za­ral­de­biT? Tqve­ni fu­li da­ix
­ ar­je­ba xan­grZliv
al­ya­ze da Tu qa­laqs ai­RebT, nan­gre­ve­bi­Ra Seg­rCe­baT da Se­mo­
sa­va­lic aRar geq­ne­baT. swo­red ama­zea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li Tqve­ni
sam­xed­ro Za­la.
ami­tom nu ga­mo­vi­tanT mkacr ga­na­Cens Cven­da sa­zi­a­nod.
pi­ri­qiT, ajan­ye­bu­le­bi msu­bu­qad un­da dav­sa­joT. ma­Sin isi­
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ni Se­i­nar­Cu­ne­ben Ta­vis sim­did­res da Cvenc mo­ma­val­Si xarks
av­krefT. sa­ku­Ta­ri usaf­rTxo­e­bis da­sa­ca­vad Cven mkac­ri
ka­no­ne­bi ki ar gvWir­de­ba, ara­med mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan frTxi­li
da go­niv­ru­li mopy­ro­ba. Cven ki amis sa­pi­ris­pi­rod viq­ce­viT.
xal­xi sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vi­suf­le­bis da­sa­ca­vad ajan­yda. Cven ki
gvin­da ajan­ye­bis Cax­So­bis me­re mkac­ri zo­me­bi mi­vi­RoT. ajan­
ye­bas ki ar un­da ve­lo­doT, rom Sem­deg fxiz­lad vi­yoT, ara­med
ajan­ye­ba ar un­da da­vuS­vaT da, Tu ma­inc mox­da, ajan­ye­bu­le­bi
msu­bu­qad un­da dav­sa­joT.
da­fiq­rdiT, ra Sec­do­mas da­uS­vebT, Tu kle­o­nis rCe­vas
mi­i­RebT. ax­la sa­xal­xo par­tia yve­la qve­ya­na­Si Tqvens mxa­re­
ze­a. isi­ni an ar em­xro­bi­an oli­gar­qebs an, Tu maT ai­Zu­le­ben
mi­em­xron ajan­ye­bas, isi­ni mzad ari­an mas ga­e­mij­non. Tu ajan­
ye­bul qve­ya­nas­Tan oms da­iwy­ebT, xal­xi Tqvens mxa­re­ze iq­ne­ba,
mag­ram Tu das­jiT mi­ti­le­ne­lebs, rom­le­bic ar mo­na­wi­le­ob­
dnen ajan­ye­ba­Si da rom­leb­mac ia­ra­Ris xel­Si Cag­de­bis me­re,
qa­la­qi Tqven gad­mog­ces, did da­na­Sa­uls Ca­i­denT, mos­pobT
Tqvens ke­Ti­lis msur­ve­lebs da yvel­gan did sam­sa­xurs ga­u­
wevT oli­gar­qi­as. Tu amis Sem­deg oli­gar­qe­bi agi­jan­yde­bi­an,
xal­xi maT mi­em­xro­ba, rad­gan Tqven uk­ve da­a­na­xveT, rom yY ve­las
Ta­nab­rad sjiT. sa­xal­xo par­tia dam­na­Sa­vec rom iyos, Tqven es
ar un­da Se­im­Cni­oT, rom ar da­kar­goT uka­nas­kne­li me­gob­re­bi.
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze ba­to­no­bis­Tvis Tqven gir­Cev­ni­aT ai­ta­noT usa­
mar­Tlo­ba, vid­re sa­mar­Tli­a­nad da­sa­joT is, vi­si dan­do­bac
gWir­de­baT. mar­Ta­li­a, kle­o­ni am­tki­cebs, rom sas­je­li sa­mar­
Tli­a­nic aris da mi­zan­Se­wo­ni­lic, ma­inc un­da da­vas­kvnaT, rom
aq es ori Se­u­Tav­se­be­li­a. ami­tom, Tu mi­gaC­ni­aT, rom Ce­mi rCe­va
sa­sar­geb­loa aTe­nis­Tvis, mih­ye­viT mas. da­sa­jeT is mi­ti­le­ne­
le­bi, vinc pa­qe­tes­ma ga­mog­vig­zav­na, da­nar­Ce­neb­ma ki icx­ov­ron.
es sa­mo­mav­lod Cven­Tvis sa­sar­geb­lo iq­ne­ba da mtreb­sac ga­af­
rTxi­lebs. brZnu­li ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­be­bi Cven met upi­ra­te­so­bas
mog­vcems, vid­re ugu­nu­ri Za­la­do­ba.~
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sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze xme­bi ga­i­yo, mag­ram um­rav­le­so­bam ma­inc
di­o­do­to­sis azrs da­u­Wi­ra mxa­ri. sas­wra­fod ga­agzav­nes me­o­re
tri­er
­ i im ime­diT, rom pir­vels da­e­we­o­da da xalxs da­Rup­vis­
gan ga­da­ar­Cen­da. mi­ti­le­nel­ma el­Ceb­ma eki­pa­Jis­Tvis Rvi­no
da fqvi­li mo­i­ma­ra­ges da me­niC­be­ebs did jil­dos da­hpir­dnen,
Tu pir­vel xo­malds Ca­as­wreb­dnen. ami­tom aTe­nel­ma me­niC­be­
eb­ma di­di mon­do­me­ba ga­mo­iC­ i­nes. be­dad, qars maT­Tvis xe­li ar
Se­uS­li­a, pir­ve­li tri­e­ri ki ar Cqa­rob­da sa­sik­vdi­lo ga­na­Ce­
nis Ca­ta­nas. ma­inc pir­vel­ma im­de­nad Ca­as­wro, rom pa­qe­tes­ma
sa­xal­xo kre­bis ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis wa­kiTx­va mo­as­wro da uk­ve
Se­sa­ba­mi­si brZa­ne­bis ga­ce­mas api­reb­da, ro­de­sac me­o­rec Ca­vi­
da da qve­ya­na ix­sna.
pa­qe­te­sis mi­er aTen­Si gag­zav­ni­li da­ax­lo­eb
­ iT aTa­si mi­ti­
le­ne­li aTe­ne­leb­ma, kle­o­nis rCe­viT, sik­vdi­liT da­sa­jes. qa­la­
qis ked­le­bi da­an­gri­es da mi­ti­le­ne­lebs flo­ti Ca­mo­ar­Tves.
imis ma­giv­rad, rom da­mar­cxe­bu­le­bisaT­vis xar­ki da­e­kis­re­
bi­naT, aTe­ne­leb­ma kun­Zu­li, me­Tim­nis ol­qis gar­da, sami aTas
nak­ve­Tad day­ves. aqe­dan sa­ma­si Rmer­Tebs Ses­wi­res, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi
ki aTe­nel kle­ru­xebs ga­das­ces. mi­wa­ze mo­mu­Sa­ve les­bo­se­lebs
da­e­kis­raT ori mi­na sa­i­ja­ro ga­da­sa­xa­di Ti­To nak­veT­ze. mi­ti­
le­nel­Ta sxva sam­flo­be­lo­e­bic aTe­nel­Ta xel­Si ga­da­vi­da.
ase das­rul­da ajan­ye­ba les­bos­ze. ima­ve zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma
ni­ki­a­sis sar­dlo­biT da­laS­qres kun­Zu­li mi­no­a. me­ga­re­lebs
iq saguSago koS­ke­bi hqon­daT ni­se­is nav­sad­gu­ris da­sa­ca­vad.
ni­ki­as­ma es laS­qro­ba im miz­niT mo­awy­o, rom aTe­ne­lebs me­ga­
ra­ze kon­tro­lis sa­Su­a­le­ba hqo­no­daT. ma­Sin pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi
ve­Rar gag­zav­nid­nen Se­um­Cnev­lad sa­ku­Tar an me­kob­re­Ta ge­mebs.
amas­Ta­n, me­ga­ris mo­ma­ra­ge­ba zRvi­dan Se­uZ­le­be­li iq­ne­bo­da.
ni­ki­as­ma zRvi­dan saalye man­qa­ne­bis meS­ve­ob
­ iT ai­Ro ori koS­ki,
ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­la mi­no­a­sa da me­ga­ras So­ris sru­te­Si Se­sas­vle­li
da kun­Zu­lis na­pir­ze ram­de­ni­me dRe­Si ke­de­li aa­Se­na. ni­ki­as­ma
kun­Zul­ze gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­va da Ta­vi­si laS­qriT Sin dab­run­da.
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im periodSi plateelebs sursaTi daumTavrdaT da iZu­le­
bu­li gaxdnen, da­ne­be­bod­nen pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs. pe­lo­po­ne­se­
leb­ma ie­ri­Si mi­it
­ a­nes ga­la­van­ze, mag­ram sardals ar un­do­da
qa­la­qis Za­liT aRe­ba, ra­Ta da­za­ve­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si ar da­eb­ru­
ne­bi­na is aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis, ro­gorc da­ne­be­bu­li. sar­dal­ma pla­
te­el
­ ebs mac­ne ga­ug­zav­na da Ses­Ta­va­za Ta­vis ne­biT ga­da­ec
­ aT
qa­la­qi la­ke­de­mon­Ta­Ta­vis da da­mor­Ci­le­bod­nen maT sa­sa­mar­
Tlos. pla­te­e­le­bi da­neb­dnen. la­ke­de­mo­nel mo­sa­mar­Tle­Ta
Ca­mos­vlam­de pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ram­de­ni­me dRis man­Zil­ze aW­mev­
dnen pla­te­e­lebs. mo­sa­mar­Tle­eb­ma maT bral­de­ba ar wa­u­ye­nes
da maT mxo­lod er­Ti kiTx­va da­us­ves: ra sam­sa­xu­ri ga­u­wi­es maT
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­sa da mo­kav­Si­re­ebs?
`la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, Cven dag­neb­diT, rad­gan gen­deT. Cven
ve­lo­diT Cve­ul
­ eb­riv sa­sa­mar­Tlos da sa­mar­Tli­an ga­na­Cens.
ax­la ki vSi­SobT, rom or­ma­gi Sec­do­ma da­vuS­viT. Cven gvaqvs
sa­fuZ­ve­li, gve­Si­no­des, rom mo­sa­mar­Tle­e­bi ar iq­ne­bi­an mi­u­
ker­Zo­eb­le­bi da sas­tik ga­na­Cens ga­mo­i­ta­nen. ase imi­tom Cav­Tva­
leT, rom Cven­Tvis ar wa­mo­gi­ye­ne­bi­aT bral­de­ba, ris­ga­nac Ta­vi
un­da da­vic­vaT da imi­tom, rom Tqve­ni Se­kiTx­va Zal­ze mok­le­a.
Tu simar­Tles getyviT, es Cven wi­naR­mdeg iq­ne­ba. tyu­ili ki
io­lad ga­mo­aS­ka­rav­de­ba. am ga­mo­uv­ al mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si Cven iZu­
le­bu­li varT mog­mar­ToT sity­viT.
vec­de­biT da­va­sa­bu­ToT, rom mar­Tle­bi varT ro­gorc Te­be­
leb­Tan, ase­ve Tqven­Tan, da sxva eli­neb­Ta­nac Se­gax­se­noT Cve­ni
dam­sa­xu­re­ba ela­dis wi­na­Se da gu­li mo­gil­boT. Tqvens mok­le
Se­kiTx­va­ze, ga­vu­wi­eT Tu ara Cven am om­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs da
maT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ra­i­me sam­sa­xu­ri, ase gi­pa­su­xebT: Tu gve­
kiTx­e­biT ro­gorc mtrebs, ar gaqvT sa­say­ve­du­ro, rom Cven
Tqven­Tvis sam­sa­xu­ri ar gag­vi­we­vi­a. Tu Tqven me­gob­re­bad
gvTvliT, ma­Sin Tvi­Ton Ca­i­di­neT usa­mar­Tlo­ba, ro­de­sac omi
dag­viwy­eT. ro­gorc mSvi­do­bi­a­no­bis dros, ase­ve mi­di­e­leb­Tan
om­Si Cven da­vam­tki­ceT Cve­ni Rir­se­ba. ax­lan­del om­Si Cven ar
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dag­vir­Rve­via mSvi­do­ba, xo­lo mi­di­e­le­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg ela­dis
Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis Tqven­Tan er­Tad be­o­ti­el­Ta­gan mxo­lod
Cven vib­rZo­diT. mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom Cven ar vcxov­robT
zRvas­Tan, ma­inc Tqven gver­diT vi­ya­viT sazR­vao brZo­la­Si
ar­te­mi­si­as­Tan, ase­ve vib­rZo­diT Cvens sa­ku­Tar mi­wa­ze Tqven­
Tan da pav­sa­ni­as­Tan er­Tad. yvel­gan, sa­dac eli­nebs saf­rTxe
eloda, Cven SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad vex­ma­re­bo­diT maT. Tqvenc,
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, ga­mo­gig­zav­neT mo­qa­la­qe­Ta me­sa­me­di, ro­de­
sac mi­wis­Zvris Sem­deg he­lo­te­bi agi­jan­ydnen da iTo­me da­i­ka­
ves. nu da­ga­viwy­de­baT es.
ase­Te­bi vi­ya­viT yo­vel­Tvis da Tqve­ni Tu sxva elin­Ta dax­
ma­re­bas Rir­se­bis saq­med mi­viC­nev­diT. mxo­lod Sem­deg gav­xdiT
mtre­bi da ama­Si dam­na­Sa­ve Tqven xarT. ro­de­sac Te­be­le­bi Tavs
dag­ves­xnen da Cve­ni da­mor­Ci­le­ba mo­in­do­mes, Cven gTxo­veT
Tqven kav­Sir­Si mi­Re­ba. Tqven ki ua­ri gviTx­a­riT da gvir­Ci­eT,
aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis mig­ve­mar­Ta, ro­gorc uax­lo­e­si me­zob­lis­Tvis.
am om­Sic Cven­gan ara­vi­Ta­ri usi­a­mov­ne­ba arc gqon­daT da arc
ge­lo­daT. da Tu ar vu­Ra­la­teT aTe­ne­lebs Tqve­ni moTx­ov­nis­
Ta­na­ve, swo­ra­dac mo­vi­qe­ciT, rad­gan aTe­ne­le­bi dag­vex­mar­nen
Te­be­leb­Tan brZo­la­Si. Cven ver vu­Ra­la­teb­diT aTe­ne­lebs
mas me­re, rac bev­ri si­ke­Te gag­vi­ke­Tes. maT mig­vi­Res kav­Sir­Si,
mog­vces mo­qa­la­qe­Ta uf­le­be­bi da Cve­ni va­li iyo, dav­mor­Ci­
le­bo­diT maT. Tu Tqve­ni an aTe­ne­le­bis brZa­ne­be­bi ar var­ga,
ama­ze pa­su­xi mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ki ar un­da da­e­kis­ros, ara­med mas,
vinc brZa­ne­bas gas­cems.
Te­be­leb­ma bev­ri wye­na mog­va­ye­nes. maT­gan bo­lo Cve­ni dRe­
van­de­li ube­du­re­bis mi­ze­zi gax­da. ro­de­sac isi­ni mSvi­do­bi­
a­no­bis dros, Ta­nac wmin­da dRe­sas­wa­ul­ze dag­ves­xnen Tavs,
Cven ma­Ti das­jis sru­li uf­le­ba gvqon­da. mtris Za­la­do­bas
xom Za­la­do­biT un­da upa­su­xo. am­de­nad, Cven ax­la maT ga­mo ar
un­da vis­je­bo­deT. Tu am sa­sa­mar­Tlo­ze sa­mar­Tli­a­no­bi­sa da
ka­no­ni­e­re­bis sa­zo­mad sa­ku­Tar ga­mor­Ce­nas da­ad­genT, amiT
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aC­ve­nebT, rom an­ga­re­biT moq­me­debT. nu fiq­robT, rom Te­be­
le­bi Tqven­Tvis sa­sar­geb­lo­ni ari­an. Cvenc da sxva eli­ne­bic
bev­rad uf­ro ga­moga­de­qiT mi­di­u­ri ome­bis dros, ro­de­sac
ua­re­si xi­fa­Ti ge­lo­daT. ax­la Tqven es­xmiT Tavs, ma­Sin ki
bar­ba­ros­Ta mo­no­ba ge­muq­re­bo­daT, Te­be­le­bi ki maT mxa­re­ze
iy­vnen. da Tu Cven ma­inc ra­me­Si dam­na­Sa­ve varT, sa­mar­Tli­a­ni
iq­ne­bo­da am da­na­Sa­u­li­saT­vis Cve­ni Zve­li dam­sa­xu­re­ba dag­
ve­pi­ris­pi­re­bi­na da Tqven na­xav­diT, rom Cve­ni dam­sa­xu­re­be­bi
bev­rad aRe­ma­te­ba sa­va­ra­u­do da­na­Sa­uls, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT Tu
ga­vix­se­nebT, rom ma­Sin ela­da­Si arc ise bev­ri xal­xi Se­eb­rZo­la
ma­ma­cad qser­qses. im dros met pa­tivs scem­dnen maT, vinc ar
fiq­rob­da sa­ku­Tar usaf­rTxo­e­ba­ze da si­cocx­le gas­wi­ra elin­
Ta ga­da­sar­Ce­nad. aseT xalxs So­ris vi­ya­viT Cvenc da Tqven­gan
di­di jil­doc mi­vi­ReT, ax­la ki sik­vdi­li gve­lis imis ga­mo, rom
aTe­nel­Ta er­Tgu­le­ba vam­jo­bi­neT an­ga­re­biT Tqvens mxa­re­ze
gad­mos­vlas. msgavs Sem­Txve­veb­Si msgav­sad un­da gan­sa­joT.
sa­xel­mwi­fos­Tvis sa­sar­geb­lo iq­ne­ba mi­si uSu­a­lo dRe­van­de­
li in­te­re­se­bis Se­xa­me­ba mtki­ce mad­li­e­re­bas­Tan pa­ti­o­sa­ni
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis mi­marT, vi­si siq­ve­lec Tqven mi­er aRi­a­re­bu­li­a.
da­fiq­rdiT ima­ze­dac, rom dRem­de elin­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba
Tqven pa­ti­os­ne­bis ni­mu­Sad mi­giC­nevT. xo­lo Tu usa­mar­Tlo
ga­na­Cens ga­mog­vi­tanT, es ar da­i­ma­le­ba, Tqven ki ga­mo­iw­vevT
we­si­er ada­mi­an­Ta aR­Sfo­Te­bas. ga­na Se­maZ­rwu­ne­be­li ar aris
is az­ri, rom pla­tea da­an­gri­on la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma, da isini,
vis­ma ma­meb­mac Cve­ni sa­xe­li del­fos­Tvis gan­kuT­vnil ZRven­
ze da­we­res, ax­la Te­bel­Ta sa­a­meb­lad Cve­ni qa­la­qis mos­po­bas
api­re­ben. ai, ra ube­du­re­bas mo­ves­wa­riT. mi­di­el­Ta ba­to­no­bis
dros mzad viyaviT sikvdilisaTvis, ax­la odes­Rac sa­uk
­ e­Te­
so me­gob­ris wi­na­Se vdga­varT, Tqven ki Te­be­lebs msxver­plad
un­da Seg­vwi­roT. uk­ve or­jer Cav­xe­deT sik­vdils Tva­leb­Si.
co­ta xnis win Sim­Si­liT sik­vdi­li gve­lo­da. ax­la ki sa­sik­
vdi­lo ga­na­Cens ve­liT. dRes Cven, pla­te­e­le­bi, rom­leb­mac
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yve­la­fe­ri ga­vi­ReT elin­TaT­vis, Tqven wi­na­Se usu­su­re­bi da
mi­to­ve­bu­le­bi vdga­varT. ma­Sin­del mo­kav­Si­re­Ta­gan ara­vin
gvex­ma­re­ba da Tqvenc, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, Cve­no uka­nas­kne­lo
ime­do, gvto­vebT.
da ma­inc, Cve­ni sam­xed­ro kav­Si­ris mfar­ve­li Rmer­Te­bis
sa­xe­liT, Cve­ni Zve­li dam­sa­xu­re­be­bis ga­mo gTxovT, gul­mowy­
a­le­ba ga­mo­i­Ci­noT da Se­ar­bi­loT sas­je­li, Tu Te­be­le­bis
xaT­riT Cve­ni das­ja ga­dagiwy­ve­ti­aT. Cven sa­mar­Tli­an wya­lo­
bas mo­viTx­ovT. nu das­jiT maT, vinc sas­jels ar im­sa­xu­rebs.
ma­Sin, Te­bel­Ta sa­mar­cxvi­no mad­li­e­re­bis nac­vlad, Tqven
mo­i­po­vebT Cvens gul­wrfel mad­li­e­re­bas da ar SebR­a­lavT
Tqvens pa­ti­o­san sa­xels. Cve­ni da­xoc­va io­li­a, am sir­cxvi­lis
Ca­mo­recx­va ki – Zne­li. Cven xom mtre­bi ki ara, me­gob­re­bi varT,
uneb­li­eT mog­vi­wia er­Tma­neT­Tan brZo­lam. nu da­ga­viwy­de­baT,
rom Cven dag­neb­diT da Sewy­a­le­ba gTxo­veT. ami­tom elin­Ta
wmin­da ka­no­ni Cvens da­xoc­vas gik­rZa­lavT. Se­xe­deT Tqve­ni
wi­nap­re­bis saf­la­vebs, vinc mi­di­e­leb­Tan om­Si da­e­ca da Cvens
mi­wa­zea da­mar­xu­li. Cven yo­vel­wli­u­rad pa­tivs mi­va­gebT maT
da msxverpls vwi­ravT. Tqven ki Cven­Tvis usa­mar­Tlo ga­na­Ce­nis
ga­mo­ta­na gsurT. ro­de­sac pav­sa­ni­a­si Tqvens da­Ru­pu­lebs aq
krZa­lav­da, fiq­rob­da, rom isi­ni me­go­bar qve­ya­na­Si iq­ne­bod­
nen. mag­ram Tu Cven dag­vsjiT da mi­was Te­be­lebs mis­cemT, ga­na
Tqve­ni wi­nap­re­bi mtris mi­wa­ze ar aR­moC­nde­bi­an? gar­da ami­sa,
Tu da­im
­ or­Ci­lebT mi­was, sa­dac eli­neb­ma Ta­vi­suf­le­ba mo­i­po­
ves, Tqven da­an­grevT im Rmer­Te­bis sa­lo­ca­vebs, vi­sac eli­ne­bi
mi­di­el­Ta Zle­vas Ses­Txov­dnen da maT kuT­vnil msxver­plSe­
wir­vas mo­ak­lebT.
Tu da­ar­RvevT zo­ga­de­li­nur ka­no­nebs da wi­na­par­Ta pa­ti­
vis­ce­mis wess, da da­Ru­pavT Tqvens Zvel me­gob­rebs, rom­leb­sac
Tqven wi­na­Se da­na­Sa­u­li ar mi­uZR­viT, amiT sa­xels ver mo­i­po­
vebT. da­in­deT Cve­ni si­cocx­le. da­fiq­rdiT ima­ze, ram­de­nad
mZi­mea Cve­ni xved­ri da Se­u­sa­ba­mo Cve­ni dam­sa­xu­re­be­bi­sa, da
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ima­ze­c, Tu ram­de­ni gan­sac­de­li Se­iZ­le­ba mo­um­za­dos bed­ma
Tun­dac uda­na­Sa­u­lo ada­mi­ans. am mZi­me mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a­Si gTxovT
da miv­mar­TavT elin­Ta Rmer­Tebs, rom da­ma­je­reb­lo­ba Se­ma­ton
Cvens Txov­nas: nu da­i­viwy­ebT Tqve­ni ma­me­bis mi­er da­de­bul
fics da Tqvens wi­na­par­Ta saf­la­veb­Tan gTxovT, dag­vic­vaT
Te­bel­Ta­gan, ar da­uT­moT Tqve­ni sa­uk­ e­Te­so me­gob­re­bi ubo­ro­
tes mters. am gan­sac­de­lis Jams Se­gax­se­nebT im dRes, ro­de­sac
Cven er­Tad Ca­vi­di­neT gmi­ro­ba. ax­la un­da da­vas­ru­loT Cve­ni
sity­va da es Zal­ze Zne­lia ada­mi­an
­ is­Tvis, vinc icis, rom sity­
vis dam­Tav­re­bas­Tan er­Tad mi­si sik­vdi­lic ax­lov­de­ba. Cve­ni
uka­nas­kne­li sity­va ase­Ti­a: Cven Te­be­lebs ar dav­ne­be­bi­varT,
vam­jo­bi­neb­diT Sim­Si­liT dav­xo­ci­li­ya­viT. Cven Tqven mog­
mar­TeT dax­ma­re­bis­Tvis. Tu Cven Txov­nas ar Se­is­menT, Tqve­ni
va­li­a, dag­vab­ru­noT im mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si, ro­mel­Sic da­ne­be­bam­de
vi­ya­viT, ra­Ta Cven Tvi­Ton avir­Ci­oT, ro­gor mov­kvdeT. kvlav
gTxovT, nu ga­dag­vcemT Te­be­lebs, nu dag­vRu­pavT ma­Sin, ro­de­
sac sxva eli­nebs aTa­vi­suf­lebT.~
imis Si­SiT, rom am ga­mos­vlas la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ze gav­le­na ar
mo­ex­di­na, Te­be­leb­mac iTx­o­ves sity­va:
`Cven sity­vas ar mo­viTx­ov­diT, pla­te­el
­ ebs mok­led rom
epa­su­xaT das­mul kiTx­va­ze. amis nac­vlad maT ag­vav­ses bral­de­
be­biT, di­di dro da­uT­mes Ta­vis mar­Tle­bas ima­Si, ra­Sic ara­vin
ada­na­Sa­u­lebs da Tavs iwo­neb­dnen dam­sa­xu­re­be­biT, ra­sac ara­
vin uar­yofs. iZu­le­bu­lebi varT, vu­pa­su­xoT bral­de­bebs da
ga­va­ba­Ti­loT ma­Ti da­sa­bu­Te­ba. arc Cve­ni sim­dab­le da arc ma­Ti
sa­xe­li ar un­da ga­mo­ad­geT maT Ta­vis sa­mar­Tleb­lad. mag­ram
sa­nam ga­na­Cens ga­mo­i­tanT, mo­is­mi­neT si­mar­Tle. Cve­ni mtro­ba
pla­te­e­leb­Tan ase da­iwy­o. mas Sem­deg, rac be­o­tia da­va­sax­leT,
da­vi­ka­veT pla­tea da sxva ad­gi­le­bi, sa­i­da­nac gan­vdev­neT sxva
xal­xe­bi. Tav­da­pir­ve­li Tan­xmo­bis mi­u­xe­da­vad, pla­te­e­leb­ma,
sxva be­o­ti­el­Ta­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, ar isur­ves Cve­ni uf­ro­so­ba da
da­ar­Rvi­es ma­ma­pa­pa­Ta we­si, radgan aTe­nel­Ta mxa­res ga­da­vid­nen.
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ma­Ti sity­viT, bar­ba­ro­sis Se­mo­se­vis dros be­o­ti­el­Ta­gan
mxo­lod isi­ni ar ga­da­su­lan mi­di­el­Ta mxa­re­ze. isi­ni amiT
ama­yo­ben da Cven Ra­lat­Si gvde­ben brals. Cven ki vam­tki­cebT,
rom isi­ni ar Se­u­er­Tdnen mi­di­e­lebs mxo­lod imi­tom, rom aTe­
ne­lebs mi­hba­Zes. Sem­de­gac, ro­de­sac aTe­ne­le­bi ela­das da­u­pi­
ris­pir­dnen, be­o­ti­el­Ta­gan mxo­lod pla­te­e­le­bi ga­mo­vid­nen
maT mxa­re­ze. da­ak­vir­diT, ram­de­nad gan­sxva­ve­bul mdgo­ma­re­
o­ba­Si vi­ya­viT, ro­de­sac Cven mi­di­el­Ta mxa­re da­vi­Wi­reT, maT
ki aTe­nel­Ta. ma­Sin Cven ar gvqon­da arc Ta­nas­wo­ri oli­gar­qi­a,
arc de­mok­ra­ti­a. Cve­ni ma­Sin­de­li sa­xel­mwi­fo wyo­ba ar iyo
ka­no­ni­e­ri da uax­lov­de­bo­da ti­ra­ni­as. Za­la­uf­le­bas ada­mi­an­
Ta pa­ta­ra jgu­fi flob­da. mmar­Tve­lebs ime­di hqon­daT, rom
mi­di­e­lis ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg ki­dev uf­ro ga­nim­tki­ceb­dnen
xe­li­suf­le­bas, da maT Se­mo­uS­ves mi­di­e­le­bi qve­ya­na­Si. ma­Sin
qve­ya­na ar iyo damoukidebeli da ami­tom mas ver da­va­da­na­Sa­
u­lebT im uka­no­no dro­is Sec­do­me­bis ga­mo. mi­di­el­Ta was­vlis
Sem­deg Cven­Tan ka­non­ma ga­i­mar­jva da Cven da­viwy­eT aTe­nel­Ta
wi­na­aR­mdeg brZo­la, rad­gan isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen sxva elin­Ta
da maT So­ris Cvens da­mor­Ci­le­bas. Ee­lin­Ta Se­uT
­ an­xmeb­lo­bis
ga­mo, aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­a­xer­xes ela­dis di­di na­wi­lis dapy­ro­
ba, mag­ram Cven da­va­mar­cxeT isi­ni ko­ro­ne­as­Tan da ga­va­Ta­vi­
suf­leT be­o­ti­a. ax­la Cven vcdi­lobT da­gex­ma­roT da­nar­Cen
elin­Ta ga­Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­Si, gaw­vdiT mxed­rebs da sur­saTs sxva
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze uf­ro me­ti ra­o­de­no­biT. es pa­su­xi sak­ma­ri­sia
imis­Tvis, rom mi­di­e­leb­Tan Ta­nam­Srom­lo­ba­Si bral­de­bis­gan
Ta­vi vi­mar­TloT.
ax­la vec­de­biT vaC­ve­noT, rom swo­red pla­te­e­leb­ma mo­u­ta­
nes eli­nebs zi­a­ni da Cven ki ara, isi­ni im­sa­xu­re­ben sas­jels.
Tqven am­bobT, rom da­u­kav­Sir­diT aTe­ne­lebs da mi­i­ReT ma­Ti
mo­qa­la­qe­o­ba, ra­Ta wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba ga­ge­wi­aT Cven­Tvis. am Sem­
Txve­va­Si Tqven un­da das­je­re­bo­diT maT dax­ma­re­bas mxo­lod
Cven wi­na­aR­mdeg da ar das­xmo­diT Tavs sxvebs maT­Tan er­Tad.
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Tqven SegeZloT, ar dax­ma­re­bo­diT aTe­ne­lebs. xolo Tu aTe­
ne­le­bi ga­i­Zu­leb­dnen, ma­Sin uk­ve ar­se­bob­da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
kav­Si­ri mi­di­el­Tan sab­rZol­ve­lad. es kav­Si­ri ara mar­to da­gi­
cav­daT, ara­med, rac Zalze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni­a, srul Ta­vi­suf­
le­basac mog­cem­daT Si­­na­u­ri saq­me­e­bis ga­dawy­ve­ta­Si. Tqven
ki sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT mi­em­xreT aTe­ne­lebs. Tqven am­bobT, rom
ver uRa­la­teb­diT Tqvens ke­Ti­lis­myo­fels, mag­ram uRa­la­
teT yve­la elins, vis­Ta­nac fi­ci ga­kav­Si­reb­daT, da mi­em­xreT
maT dam­mo­neb­lebs. Tqven ga­u­wi­eT aTe­ne­lebs sam­sa­xu­ri, rac
samarcxvinoa. Tqven sTxo­veT maT dax­ma­re­ba Cvens wi­na­aR­mdeg,
xo­lo Sem­deg maT­Tan er­Tad sCa­di­o­diT usa­mar­Tlo­bas. cxa­
di­a, si­ke­Tes si­ke­TiT un­da upa­su­xo, mag­ram sir­cxvi­li­a, Tu
sa­mar­Tli­a­no­bis dacvisTvis iseTi saqmiT mi­uzR­avT, ro­me­lic
usa­mar­Tlo­bas am­kvid­rebs.
am­gva­rad, Tqven ar ga­dax­ve­diT mi­di­el­Ta mxa­res ara eli­
ne­bis, ara­med aTe­nel­Ta ga­mo. rad­gan aTe­nel­Ta mxa­re da­i­
Wi­reT da maT­Tan er­Tad bo­lom­de ib­rZo­diT, ax­la sa­ku­Ta­ri
Ta­vis ga­da­sar­Ce­nad nu­Rar ix­se­nebT Zvel kav­Sirs. Tqven mas
uRa­la­teT, rad­gan ex­ma­re­bo­diT aTe­ne­lebs egi­nel­Ta da sxva
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta da­mo­ne­ba­Si da amas Svre­bo­diT Cvengan gansxvave­
biT ara iZu­le­biT, ara­med sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT de­mok­ra­ti­u­li
wyo­bis pi­ro­beb­Si. Tqven aseve uar­ya­viT bo­lo wi­na­da­de­ba
al­yis dawy­e­bam­de – Se­ge­nar­Cu­ne­bi­naT mSvi­do­ba da dar­Ce­ni­
li­ya­viT ne­it­ra­lu­re­bi. Tqven ki Tqve­ni Rir­se­ba elin­Ta da­sa­
Ru­pad ga­mo­i­ye­neT da ami­tom si­Zul­vils im­sa­xu­rebT. Tu ad­re
sag­mi­ro saq­me­ebs Ca­di­o­diT, ax­lan­de­li saq­ci­e­liT aC­ve­neT,
vinc xarT. Tqve­ni bu­ne­ba da mis­wra­fe­be­bi ma­Sin ga­mov­lin­da,
ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­Tan er­Tad usa­mar­Tlo­bis gzas da­a­de­qiT­.
a­i, ra un­da gveT­qva Cvens iZu­le­biT kav­Sir­ze mi­di­e­leb­Tan da
aTe­ne­le­bi­sad­mi Tqvens er­Tgu­le­ba­ze.
rac Se­e­xe­ba Tqvens bral­de­bebs, rom uka­no­nod da­ves­xiT
Tqvens qa­laqs ze­i­misas, aqac mig­vaC­ni­a, rom Cve­ni bra­li Tqven­
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sa­ze me­ti ar aris. ar uar­vyofT, rom usa­mar­Tlod mo­viq­ce­
o­diT, umi­ze­zod rom dav­sxmo­diT Tavs Tqvens qa­laqs, mag­ram
Cven mog­vix­mes Tqven­ma sa­u­ke­Te­so mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma, ra­Ta ga­mog­vey­
va­neT ucxo kav­Si­ri­dan da dag­veb­ru­ne­bi­neT sa­er­To be­ot
­ i­ur
ojax­Si. maS, ra­Ra­Sia Cve­ni da­na­Sa­u­li? arc isi­ni da arc Cven
dam­na­Sa­ve ar varT. ro­gorc mo­qa­la­qe­e­bma, maT did saf­rTxe­
Si Caig­des Tavi, ro­de­sac WiS­ka­ri gag­vi­Res. maT Seg­viy­va­nes
qa­laq­Si ro­gorc me­gob­re­bi. maT sur­daT Tqven So­ris ua­re­se­bi
ga­da­er­Ci­naT sa­bo­loo da­ce­mis­gan, xo­lo sa­u­ke­Te­so­ebs mi­eR
­ oT
is, rac ekuT­vno­daT. ro­gorc mkacr mas­wav­leb­lebs, maT sur­
daT Tqve­ni ga­mos­wo­re­ba da ara qvey­nis ga­Ca­na­ge­ba mo­qa­la­qe­Ta
gan­dev­niT da mok­vliT. isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen, da­eb­ru­ne­bi­neT
na­Te­sav­Ta kav­Sir­Si, ra­Ta yve­las­Tan mSvi­do­bi­a­nad gecx­ov­raT.
Cven rom mtru­li gan­zrax­viT ar mov­sul­varT, iqi­da­nac Cans,
rom ara­vis­Tvis ara­fe­ri dag­vi­Sa­ve­bia da pir­da­pir miv­mar­TeT
ke­Til mo­qa­la­qe­ebs, vi­sac be­o­ti­el­Ta kav­Si­ris aR­dge­na surs,
gad­mo­su­liy­vnen Cvens mxa­res. Ta­vi­dan Tqvenc me­gob­ru­lad
mi­i­ReT es wi­na­da­de­ba da Seg­vi­Tan­xmdiT. mxo­lod mas me­re, rac
Cve­ni mci­re­ricx­ov­ne­ba aR­mo­a­Ci­neT, Se­mog­vi­ti­eT. Tu Tqven
CaT­va­leT, rom aras­wo­rad mo­vi­qe­ciT, ro­de­sac mTe­li xal­xis
Tan­xmo­bis ga­re­Se mo­ve­diT Tqven­Tan, ma­inc ar un­da mi­ge­mar­TaT
Za­la­do­bis­Tvis. Tqven da­ar­Rvi­eT Se­Tan­xme­ba da Tavs dag­ves­xiT.
Cven im­de­nad brZo­la­Si da­Ru­pu­lebs ar vglo­vobT, ram­de­na­dac
tyve­e­bis sik­vdils, rom­le­bic Sewy­a­le­bas iTx­ov­dnen da Tqven,
pi­ro­bis mi­u­xe­da­vad, da­xo­ceT. ga­na es sa­Si­ne­li da­na­Sa­u­li ar
aris? ram­de­ni­me sa­a­Tis man­Zil­ze Tqven sa­mi da­na­Sa­ul
­ i Ca­i­di­neT:
da­ar­Rvi­eT Se­Tan­xme­ba, da­xo­ceT tyve­e­bi da mog­vaty­u­eT, rom
ar das­ji­diT maT, Tu Tqvens qo­ne­ba­sa da ya­nebs da­vin­dob­diT.
ax­la ki Cven gva­da­na­Sa­u­lebT. ara, Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­li mo­sa­mar­
Tle­e­bi swo­rad gan­sji­an, Tqven un­da zRoT yve­la da­na­Sa­u­li.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bo, Cven yve­la­fe­ri giTx­a­riT da ma­ga­Ti das­
jiT sa­mar­Tli­a­nad mo­iq­ce­viT. nu mis­cemT ne­bas, war­su­li
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dam­sa­xu­re­be­biT mo­gil­bon gu­li. amis gax­se­ne­bis uf­le­ba aqvs
mxo­lod uda­na­Sa­u­lod da­za­ra­le­buls, uke­Tu­ri saq­mis Cam­
de­ni ki or­ma­gad dam­na­Sa­ve­a. nu da­in­dobT maT wu­wu­nis ga­mo,
Tqve­ni ma­me­bis saf­la­ve­bis xaT­riT. Cven ga­gax­se­nebT Cvens
axal­gaz­rdebs, rom­le­bic pla­te­el
­ eb­ma da­xo­ces. ma­Ti ma­me­bi
an ko­ro­ne­as­Tan da­i­Rup­nen, ro­de­sac be­o­ti­is Tqvens mxa­re­
ze moq­ce­vas cdi­lob­dnen, an dRes uk­ve mo­xu­ce­bi das­ti­ri­an
Ta­vi­anT Svi­lebs da Tqven gTxo­ven, da­sa­joT pla­te­el
­ e­bi. is,
vinc da­um­sa­xu­reb­lad itan­je­ba, me­tad im­sa­xu­rebs sib­ra­luls,
xo­lo Tu mZi­me be­di elis mas, vinc es da­im­sa­xu­ra, ro­gorc
pla­te­e­leb­ma, es mxo­lod un­da gva­xa­reb­des. dRes isi­ni mar­
to ari­an, rad­gan Tvi­Ton uar­yves sa­u­ke­Te­so mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi.
Cven uka­no­nod mog­veq­cnen: maT si­Zul­vi­li amoq­me­deb­daT
da ara sa­mar­Tli­a­noba, amis­Tvis ki je­rac ar das­ji­lan. maT
da­im­sa­xu­res sas­je­li, rad­gan brZo­lis vel­ze ki ar uTx­o­vi­
aT Sewy­a­le­ba, ara­med da­ne­be­bis Sem­deg Tvi­Ton ga­dawy­vi­tes
da­mor­Ci­le­bod­nen Tqvens sa­sa­mar­Tlos. maS, ai­Zu­leT isev,
pa­ti­vi scen eli­nur ka­no­nebs da mi­uzR­eT Cven­Tvis mo­ye­ne­bu­li
bo­ro­te­bis­Tvis. xels nu gvkravT ma­Ti sity­ve­bis ga­mo, mi­e­ciT
ma­ga­li­Ti eli­nebs, rom gan­sjiT maT ara sity­ve­bis, ara­med saq­
me­e­bis mi­xed­viT. maT sag­mi­ro saq­me­ebs zed­me­ti la­pa­ra­ki ar
sWir­de­ba, xo­lo Tu isi­ni dam­na­Sa­ve­ni ari­an, la­ma­zi sity­ve­bi
mxo­lod si­mar­Tles da­a­ma­xin­jebs. Tu yve­la be­la­di saq­mis
gar­Ce­vas mok­le da mka­fio Se­kiTx­vam­de da­iy­vans, ada­mi­a­nebs
nak­le­bi sa­fuZ­ve­li eq­ne­baT, ipo­von la­ma­zi sity­ve­bi usa­mar­
Tlo­bis da­sa­fa­ra­vad.~
ase­Ti iyo Te­bel­Ta ga­mos­vla. la­ke­de­mo­nel­ma mo­sa­mar­
Tle­eb­ma da­us­ves Se­kiTx­va imis Se­sa­xeb, ra sam­sa­xu­ri ga­u­wi­es
maT pla­te­e­leb­ma omis dros. isi­ni ima­sac iT­va­lis­wi­neb­dnen,
rom pla­te­e­leb­ma uar­yves ma­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba ne­it­ra­li­te­tis
Se­sa­xeb, rac pav­sa­ni­as­Tan da­de­bu­li Zve­li xel­Sek­ru­le­bi­dan
ga­mom­di­na­re­ob­da. al­yis win la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma kvlav ga­u­me­
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o­res es wi­na­da­de­ba da kvlav ua­ri mi­i­Res. amiT, ma­Ti az­riT,
pla­te­el
­ eb­ma da­ar­Rvi­es xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da Ta­vi mtris mdgo­
ma­re­o­ba­Si Ca­i­ye­nes. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi rig­-ri­go­biT iZa­xeb­dnen
pla­te­e­lebs da er­Tsa da ima­ve kiTx­vas us­vam­dnen, ga­u­wi­es Tu
ara maT la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs sam­sa­xu­ri omSi. ro­de­sac pla­te­e­le­
bi uar­iT
­ pa­su­xob­dnen, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi xo­cav­dnen maT. sul
sik­vdi­liT da­sa­jes ora­si pla­te­e­li da oc­da­xu­Ti aTe­ne­li,
vinc Ta­vi­dan­ve pla­te­e­leb­Tan er­Tad iyo al­ya­Si. qa­le­bi ki
mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des. qa­la­qi Te­be­leb­ma er­Ti wliT ga­das­ces me­ga­
re­lebs da maT mom­xre pla­te­e­lebs. Sem­dgom­Si ki is mTli­a­nad
da­an­gri­es da he­ras sam­loc­ve­los max­lob­lad kvad­ra­tu­li
or­sar­Tu­li­a­ni na­ge­bo­ba aa­Se­nes. qa­la­qi­dan wa­mo­Re­bu­li li­To­
nis niv­Te­bis­gan sa­wo­le­bi da­am­za­des da he­ras Ses­wi­res. he­ras
au­ges asi wyrTis sig­rZi­s qvis sam­loc­ve­loc. pla­te­is ol­qi
sa­zo­ga­do sa­kuT­re­bad aq­ci­es da aTi wliT ija­riT ga­das­ces
Te­be­lebs. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ase­Ti sim­kac­re gan­pi­ro­be­bu­li iyo
ma­Ti sur­vi­liT, esi­a­mov­ne­bi­naT mo­kav­Si­re Te­be­le­bis­Tvis.
ase­Ti be­di ewia pla­te­as, ro­me­lic da­in­gra aTen­Tan kav­Si­ris
da­de­bi­dan oTx­moc­da­ca­me­ti wlis Sem­deg.
ama­so­ba­Si, pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta les­bo­sel­Ta da­sax­ma­reb­lad
gag­zav­ni­li or­mo­ci xo­mal­di aTe­nel mde­vars ga­ur­bo­da. kre­
tis max­lob­lad es­kad­ra qa­riS­xal­Si moh­yva da Zlivs mi­aR­wia
pe­lo­po­ne­sis na­pi­rebs. maT Se­eg
­ e­ba lev­ka­del­Ta da am­pra­ki­el­
Ta ca­me­ti tri­e­ri da bra­si­da­si, ro­me­lic la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
al­ki­des ga­ug­zav­nes mrCe­ve­lad. les­bos­ze wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis
Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, ga­eZ­li­er
­ e­bi­naT flo­ti
da wa­su­liy­vnen ker­ki­ra­ze, sa­dac am dros Si­da da­pi­ris­pi­re­ba
iyo. aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra nav­paq­tos­Si mxo­lod Tor­me­ti xo­mal­
dis­gan Sed­ge­bo­da. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs sur­daT, kun­Zu­lam­de ma­nam
mi­eR­wi­aT, sa­nam aTe­ne­le­bi dam­xma­re Za­lebs mi­i­Reb­dnen.
sazR­vao brZo­leb­sa da epi­dam­no­sis om­Si ko­rin­Te­le­bis mi­er
daty­ve­ve­bul ker­ki­rel­ebis Sin dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg da­iwyo par­
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ti­u­li brZo­la. tyve­e­bi TiT­qos rva­a­si ta­lan­tis sa­fa­su­rad ga­a­
Ta­vi­suf­les. si­nam­dvi­le­Si ki maT ker­ki­ra ko­rin­Tel­Ta mxa­re­ze
un­da ga­da­ey­va­naT. ga­Ta­vi­suf­le­bu­leb­ma sax­leb­Si Ca­mo­ua­ ­res
mo­qa­la­qe­ebs da maT aTe­nis wi­na­aR­mdeg ajan­ye­ba­ze da­­yo­li­e­bas
Se­ec
­ ad­nen. ama­so­ba­Si ker­ki­ra­ze aTe­ne­li da ko­rin­Te­li el­Ce­bi
Ca­vid­nen. sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze ori­ve mxa­ris ga­mos­vlis Sem­deg ker­
ki­re­leb­ma aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Sir­Si dar­Ce­na da pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan
me­gob­ru­li ur­Ti­er­To­bis aRdgena ga­dawy­vi­tes.
de­mok­ra­ti­u­li frTis be­la­di iyo pi­Ti­a­si, aTe­nel­Ta ki –
proq­se­no­si. ko­rin­Tosi­dan dab­ru­ne­bul­ma mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma mas
sa­sa­mar­Tlo­Si uCiv­les, TiT­qos igi ker­ki­ras aTe­ni­saT­vis
da­mor­Ci­le­bas api­reb­da. pi­Ti­as­ma Ta­vi imar­Tla da Ta­vis mxriv
da­ad
­ a­na­Sa­u­la Ta­vi­si xu­Ti yve­la­ze mdi­da­ri me­to­qe ima­Si, rom
maT va­zis say­rde­ne­bi zev­si­sa da al­ki­no­o­sis wmin­da tye­eb­Si
moW­res. Ti­To say­rde­nis­Tvis ja­ri­ma er­Ti sta­te­ri iyo. sa­sa­
mar­Tlom mdid­re­bi ga­am­tyu­na, ga­da­sa­xa­di ise­Ti di­di iyo,
rom bral­de­bu­le­bi zev­si­sa da al­ki­no­o­sis sam­loc­ve­lo­eb­Si
mi­vid­nen da jarimis na­wil­-na­wil ga­da­x­da iTx­o­ves. pi­Ti­as­ma,
ro­me­lic sab­Wos wev­ric iyo, mo­iTx­o­va, rom dam­na­Sa­ve­ebs ka­no­
nis mTe­li sim­kac­riT mopy­ro­bod­nen. ua­ris Semdeg bral­de­bu­
leb­ma SeT­qmu­le­ba mo­awy­ves. isi­ni Sec­viv­dnen sab­Wos Se­no­ba­Si
da pi­Ti­a­si da sa­mo­ci ka­ci daxoces. pi­Ti­a­sis mxo­lod ram­de­ni­me
mom­xrem Se­a­fa­ra Ta­vi ati­kur xo­malds.
xal­xis mom­xre­Ta da­xoc­vis Sem­deg, SeT­qmu­leb­ma mo­iw­vi­es
sa­xal­xo kre­ba da ga­mo­acx­a­des, rom es xal­xis sa­ke­Til­dRe­od
da aTe­nel­Ta ba­to­no­bis­gan ga­sa­Ta­vi­suf­leb­lad ga­a­ke­Tes. ami­
e­ri­dan maT un­da da­ek­ e­taT nav­sad­gu­ri mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge mxa­re­Ta
xo­mal­de­bis­Tvis, gar­da im Sem­Txve­vi­sa, ro­de­sac mxo­lod er­Ti
xo­mal­di mo­di­o­da mSvi­do­bi­a­ni miz­niT. oli­gar­qeb­ma sa­xal­xo
kre­bas mi­a­Re­bi­nes ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba, Sem­deg sas­wra­fod el­Ce­bi
gag­zav­nes aTen­Si, ra­Ta ga­dat­ri­a­le­bis Se­sa­xeb Ta­vi­an­TTvis
mi­sa­Re­bi for­miT ec­no­be­bi­naT.
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el­Ce­bi aTen­Si Cas­vlis­Ta­na­ve da­a­pa­tim­res, ro­gorc ajan­ye­
bu­le­bi, da egi­na­ze gag­zav­nes. ama­so­ba­Si ker­ki­ra­ze oli­gar­qe­bi
aS­ka­rad da­es­xnen Tavs de­mok­ra­tebs da Se­ta­ke­ba­Si ga­im
­ ar­jves
ki­dec. Ra­miT de­mok­ra­te­bi ak­ro­po­lis­ze da qa­la­qis amaR­le­
bul na­wil­Si ga­mag­rdnen. maT aq Ta­vi mo­uy­ a­res sa­ku­Tar Za­lebs
da da­i­ka­ves hi­la­i­is nav­sad­gu­ri, mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­ma ki da­i­Wi­re
ma­Ti sax­le­bis axlos baz­ris mo­e­da­ni.
me­o­re dRes Se­ta­ke­be­bi ga­nax­lda. ori­ve mxa­re Sik­ri­kebs
gzav­ni­da mim­de­ba­re sof­leb­Si, ra­Ta Ta­vi­suf­le­bis da­pi­re­biT
mo­ne­bi mi­em­xroT. mo­na­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba de­mok­ra­tebs mi­em­xro,
de­mok­rat­Ta mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs ki ma­te­ri­ki­dan rva­a­si ka­ci
mo­eS­ve­la.
me­o­re dRes da­iwyo brZo­la. am­je­rad xal­xma ga­i­mar­jva,
ro­mel­sac ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­bac hqon­da da uke­Te­si po­zi­
ci­ac eka­va. brZo­la­Si qa­le­bic mo­na­wi­le­o­bdnen. isi­ni sa­xu­ra­ve­
bi­dan kra­mi­tebs is­rod­nen. oli­gar­qe­bi da­mar­cxdnen da Ra­miT
cecx­li wa­u­ki­des sax­lebs, ra­Ta me­to­qis win­svlis­Tvis xe­li
Se­e­Sa­laT. arc sa­ku­Ta­ri da arc sxvi­si sax­le­bi ar da­un­di­aT.
bev­ri sa­qo­ne­li da­iw­va. ori­ve mxa­re Ra­me fxiz­lad iyo. ko­rin­
Tel­Ta xo­mal­dma sib­ne­le­Si da­to­va kun­Zu­li. ma­te­ri­ki­dan
mo­su­li dam­xma­re raz­me­bic ase­ve Se­um­Cnev­lad ukan gab­run­dnen.
me­o­re dRes ker­ki­ra­ze nav­paq­to­si­dan aTe­ne­li sar­da­li
ni­kos­tra­to­si Ca­vi­da Tor­me­ti xo­mal­di­Ta da xu­Ta­si me­se­ni­
e­li hop­li­tiT. is Se­e­ca­da mSvi­do­ba da­em­ya­re­bi­na kun­Zul­ze.
mi­si rCe­viT, ori­ve mxa­res un­da ga­da­ec
­ a sa­sa­mar­Tlos­Tvis aTi
dam­na­Sa­ve, rom­le­bic ma­Sin­ve ga­iq­cnen. da­nar­Ce­nebs ki mSvi­do­bi­
a­nad un­da ecx­ov­raT da aTe­ne­leb­Tan sam­xed­ro kav­Si­ri da­e­doT.
ker­ki­rel­Ta Se­ri­ge­bis Sem­deg ni­kos­tra­to­si ukan gab­ru­ne­bas
api­reb­da, mag­ram xal­xis be­la­deb­ma sTxo­ves mas, xu­Ti xo­mal­di
da­et
­ o­ve­bi­na da sa­nac­vlod ker­ki­rel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi wa­ey­va­na.
ni­kos­tra­to­si da­Tan­xmda da am xo­mal­de­bis­Tvis eki­pa­Ji ma­Ti
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bis­gan Se­ar­Ci­a. Ser­Ce­ulebma imis SiSiT, rom maT
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aTen­Si gzav­nid­nen, di­os­ku­re­bis sam­loc­ve­los Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi.
ni­kos­tra­to­si cdi­lob­da maT dam­Svi­de­bas, mag­ram uSe­de­god.
de­mok­ra­te­bi dar­wmu­ne­bu­li iy­vnen, rom un­dob­lo­ba da aTen­Si
was­vla­ze ua­ri mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta bo­ro­ti gan­zrax­vis das­tu­ri
iyo, ami­tom ga­dawy­vi­tes gas­wo­re­bod­nen maT. ni­kos­tra­to­si
rom ara, al­baT da­xo­cav­dnen ki­dec maT. oli­gar­qi­is oTx­as
­ am­de
mom­xrem Ta­vi he­ras sam­loc­ve­los Se­a­fa­ra. de­mok­ra­teb­ma ki,
Sem­dgo­mi Za­la­do­bis Si­SiT, da­ar­wmu­nes isi­ni, kun­Zul­ze ga­da­
su­liy­vnen he­ras sam­loc­ve­los max­lob­lad da iq maT sur­sa­Ti
mi­u­ta­nes.
am dros, oli­gar­qe­bis kun­Zul­ze ga­day­va­ni­dan me­oTxe Tu
me­xu­Te dRes, pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta or­moc­da­ca­me­ti xo­mal­di al­ki­
de­si­sa da bra­si­da­sis sar­dlo­biT ker­ki­ris­ken ga­e­mar­Ta.
de­mok­ra­ti­u­li xe­li­suf­le­ba SeS­foT­da. xalxs Si­da mtre­
bi­sac iseve eSi­no­da, rogorc pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis.
ma­Sin­ve ga­dawy­vi­tes, aRe­Wur­vaT sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di da ga­eg­
zav­naT mtris wi­na­aR­mdeg. aTe­ne­leb­ma Ta­vad iTa­ves mter­Tan
Sex­ved­ra, ker­ki­re­lebs ki ur­Ci­es, mih­yo­lod­nen maT, ro­de­sac
mzad iq­ne­bod­nen. ro­de­sac ker­ki­rel­Ta naC­qa­re­vad aR­Wur­vi­li
xo­mal­de­bi mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs mi­u­ax­lov­dnen, ma­Ti ori xo­mal­di
mtris mxa­res ga­da­vi­da, sxveb­ze ki uwes­ri­go­ba da­iwy­o. pe­lo­
po­ne­se­leb­ma Se­am­Cni­es gan­xeT­qi­le­ba mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis ri­geb­Si
da oci xo­mal­di ker­ki­rel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­uS­ves, da­nar­Ce­ni
Za­le­bi ki aTe­nel­Ta Tor­me­ti xo­mal­dis wi­na­aR­mdeg mi­mar­Tes.
ker­ki­re­leb­ma maT uwes­ri­god Se­u­ti­es da di­di da­na­kar­gi
na­xes. aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­bi­sa
da al­ya­Si mox­ved­ris Si­SiT ver ga­be­des maT mTa­var Za­leb­ze
Tav­das­xma. isi­ni mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta es­kad­ris frTas da­u­pi­ris­
pir­dnen da er­Ti xo­mal­di Ca­Zi­res. ro­de­sac mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta
ge­meb­ma wre Sek­res, aTe­ne­leb­ma maT gars Se­mo­ua­ ­res da Se­viw­ro­
e­ba da­uwy­es. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma, rom­le­bic ker­ki­rel­Ta pi­ris­pir
id­gnen, Se­am­Cni­es aTe­nel­Ta ma­nev­ri. maT Se­e­Sin­daT nav­paq­to­sis
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wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis gan­me­o­re­bi­sa da mi­eS­vel­nen Ta­vi­si­an­ ebs. ax­la
mTe­li pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ra aTe­ne­lebs utev­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma
da­iwy­es ne­li ukan da­xe­va, ri­Tac ker­ki­re­lebs ga­dar­Ce­nis San­si
mis­ces. es sazR­vao brZo­la mzis Cas­vli­sas das­rul­da.
ker­ki­ris de­mok­ra­tebs eSi­no­daT, rom ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge qa­laqs da­es­xmo­da Tavs an kun­Zu­li­dan oli­
gar­qebs wa­iy­van­da. ma­Sin maT oli­gar­qe­bi he­ras sam­loc­ve­lo­Si
da­ab­ru­nes da qa­laq­Si dac­va ga­aZ­li­e­res. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma,
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom brZo­la mo­i­ges, ver ga­be­des qa­laq­ze
zRvi­dan Tav­das­xma da Ta­vis sad­go­mis­ken gab­run­dnen xel­Si
Cag­de­bul ca­met ker­ki­rul gem­Tan er­Tad. me­o­re dRe­sac ver
ga­be­des qa­laq­ze Tav­das­xma. ro­gorc am­bo­ben, bra­si­da­si ur­Cev­
da al­ki­des, eca­daT ae­RoT qa­la­qi, mag­ram ver da­i­yo­lia igi.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi lev­kim­es kon­cxTan gad­mos­xdnen da qvey­nis
aox­re­ba da­iwy­es.
ama­so­ba­Si de­mok­ra­teb­ma pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta Tav­das­xmis Si­SiT
taZ­reb­Si Se­fa­re­bu­leb­Tan da sxva mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­Tan mo­la­
pa­ra­ke­ba da­iwy­es qa­la­qis dac­vis Ta­o­ba­ze. zo­gi da­i­Tan­xmes,
xo­mal­dze em­sa­xu­ra. de­mok­ra­teb­ma mo­a­xer­xes ki­dev oc­da­a­Ti
xo­mal­dis aR­Wur­va. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Su­adR­em­de aCa­na­geb­dnen
qve­ya­nas, Sem­deg ki ukan gab­run­dnen. da­Ra­me­bi­sas sa­sig­na­lo
cecx­lma maT aTe­nel­Ta sa­mo­ci xo­mal­dis mo­ax­lo­e­ba am­cno.
es xo­mal­de­bi aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mog­zav­nes, ro­de­sac ajan­ye­bi­sa
da al­ki­de­sis laS­qro­bis Se­sa­xeb ga­i­ges.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Ra­miT­ve sas­wra­fod Si­nis­ken ga­em
­ ar­Tnen.
jer sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv mi­cu­rav­dnen, me­re ki lev­ka­das­Tan xme­
le­TiT ga­da­aT­ri­es xo­mal­de­bi, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges ar Se­e­niS­na.
ati­ku­ri xo­mal­de­bis mo­ax­lo­e­ba rom Se­ity­ves, de­mok­ra­
teb­ma qa­laq­Si Se­iy­va­nes me­se­ni­u­ri raz­me­bi, xo­lo xo­mal­de­bi
kun­Zu­lis gar­Se­mo gag­zav­nes hi­la­i­is nav­sad­gu­ris­ken. sa­nam es
xo­mal­de­bi gza­Si iy­vnen, de­mok­ra­teb­ma qa­laq­Si Ta­vis mo­wi­na­
aR­mde­ge­Ta xoc­va da­iwy­es. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi, vinc xo­mal­deb­
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ze msa­xu­rob­da, na­pir­ze Ca­mos­xes da daxoces. Sem­deg he­ras
sam­loc­ve­lo­Si Se­fa­re­bu­le­bi da­ar­wmu­nes, war­mdga­riy­vnen
sa­sam­rTlos wi­na­Se da yve­las sik­vdi­li mi­u­sa­jes. Se­fa­re­bul­Ta
di­di na­wi­li ar ga­mo­vi­da sam­loc­ve­lo­dan ro­de­sac na­xa, ga­reT
ra xde­bo­da, da er­Tma­ne­Ti da­xo­ces wmin­da ad­gi­las. Svi­di dRis
ganmavlobaSi, sa­nam aTe­ne­le­bis sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di kun­Zul­ze
rCe­bo­da, de­mok­ra­te­bi Jlet­dnen Ta­na­mo­qa­la­qe­ebs, vi­sac ki
mtre­bad mi­iC­nev­dnen. maT de­mok­ra­ti­is xel­yo­fa­Si sdeb­dnen
brals, si­nam­dvi­le­Si zo­gi pi­ra­di mtro­biT mok­les, zogic
mo­va­le­eb­ma – fu­lis ga­mo. kun­Zu­li sik­vdil­ma mo­ic­va. yve­la
ube­du­re­ba, rac ga­dat­ri­a­le­bas Tan ax­lavs, ker­ki­ras da­aty­da
Tavs. ma­ma Svils klav­da, Sewy­a­le­bis mTxov­nels sa­kur­Txe­
vel­Tan klav­dnen, zo­gic di­o­ni­ses sam­loc­ve­lo­Si amo­qo­les.
aseT si­sas­ti­kem­de mi­vi­da Si­na­o­mi. aman sa­Si­ne­li STa­beW­di­
le­ba mo­ax­di­na, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT imi­tom, rom ase­Ti ram pir­ve­lad
mox­da. Sem­dgom­Si mTe­li eli­nu­ri sam­ya­ro Se­ar­yia par­ti­e­bis
brZo­lam. yve­la qve­ya­na­Si sa­xal­xo par­tia aTe­ne­lebs ux­mob­da
da­sax­ma­reb­lad, oli­gar­qi­u­li ki – la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs. mSvi­do­
bi­an periodSi par­ti­e­bis be­la­debs amis arc sa­fuZ­ve­li hqon­
daT da arc sur­vi­li. ax­la ki, ro­de­sac aTe­ni da la­ke­de­mo­ni
er­Tma­neTs eb­rZod­nen, ori­ve mxa­res io­lad Se­eZ­lo mo­kav­Si­ris
pov­na mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis da­saT­rgu­nad da uk­ma­yo­fi­lo­ni si­xa­ru­
liT iw­vev­dnen ucx­o­e­lebs po­li­ti­kur cvli­le­ba­Ta ime­diT.
Si­na­aS­li­lo­bis Se­de­gad, qvey­nebs mra­va­li ube­du­re­ba da­aty­
da Tavs, rac ad­rec ar­se­bob­da da mu­dam iar­se­bebs, sa­nam ada­
mi­a­nis bu­ne­ba uc­vle­li­a. mSvi­do­bi­sa da ke­Til­dRe­o­bis dros
sa­xel­mwi­foc da ker­Zo pi­ric Ta­vis qme­de­beb­Si xel­mZRva­ne­
lobs sa­u­ke­Te­so sur­vi­le­biT, rad­ga­nac ma­Ti Ta­vi­suf­le­ba
ar aris SezR­u­du­li. omi ki Za­la­do­bas as­wav­lis. is cvlis
cxov­re­bis Cve­ul nirs da ada­mi­an
­ ebs Se­sa­ba­mis sur­vi­leb­sa da
gan­wyo­bas uq­mnis. Si­na­ur­ma brZo­leb­ma mTe­li ela­da mo­ic­va.
qvey­ne­bi, rom­le­bic uf­ro gvi­an Ca­er­Tnen, igeb­dnen, ra xde­
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bo­da sxvas­Tan da ki­dev uf­ro Sors mi­di­od­nen Ta­vi­anT Ca­na­
fiq­reb­Si. isi­ni aRe­ma­te­bod­nen wi­na­mor­be­debs ve­ra­go­bi­Ta
da si­sas­ti­kiT. sity­ve­bis Cve­u­li mniS­vne­lo­bac ki Se­ic­va­la
ada­mi­a­nis moq­me­de­ba­Ta Se­fa­se­bi­sas. ugu­nu­ri si­ma­ma­ce gam­be­
da­o­bad iT­vle­bo­da, go­ni­e­ri sif­rTxi­le – Se­niR­bul laC­ro­
bad, zo­mi­e­re­ba – uni­a­To­bad, yo­vel­mxri­vi gan­xil­va – srul
umoq­me­do­bad. uzo­mo si­ficxe Rir­se­bad iq­ca, usaf­rTxo­e­ba­ze
zrun­va ki – moq­me­de­bis­Tvis Ta­vis ari­de­bis mi­ze­zad. ka­ci, vinc
yve­las lan­ZRav­da da yve­laf­riT uk­ma­yo­fi­lo iyo, ndo­bas im­sa­
xu­reb­da. mi­si me­to­qe ki, pi­ri­qiT, eWvs iw­vev­da. war­ma­te­bu­li
da eS­ma­ki ka­ci gam­Wri­ax
­ ad iT­vle­bo­da, xo­lo vinc mis geg­mebs
amo­ic­nob­da, ki­dev uf­ro yo­Ca­Rad. mas ki, vinc wi­nas­war ga­dawy­
vi­ta, ua­ri eT­qva po­li­ti­kur brZo­la­ze, Ta­vi­si par­ti­is mtrad
Tvlid­nen, xolo vi­sac mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis Se­e­Sin­da, mxda­lad.
aqeb­dnen mas, vi­sac Se­eZ­lo da­bezR­e­biT da­es­wro mis wi­na­aR­
mdeg Ca­fiq­re­bu­li xlar­Te­bis­Tvis an sxve­bi Ca­er­To am­gvar
qme­de­beb­Si. po­li­ti­ku­ri kav­Si­re­bi na­Te­sa­ur­ze mtki­ce iyo da
saZ­mos wev­re­bi er­Tad ne­bis­mi­er sa­xi­fa­To saq­me­ze mi­di­od­nen.
am­gva­ri or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi sa­zo­ga­do si­ke­Tes da ka­no­nis dac­vas
ki ar em­sa­xu­re­bod­nen, ara­med ker­Zo in­te­re­sebs. am xal­xis
er­Tma­ne­Ti­sad­mi er­Tgu­le­ba em­ya­re­bo­da ara Rmer­Te­bis ka­no­
nis dac­vas, ara­med maT er­Tob­liv dar­Rve­vas. isi­ni iReb­dnen
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis mSvi­do­bi­an wi­na­da­de­bas, Tu mar­cxde­bod­nen.
da­za­ve­bi­sas mi­ce­mu­li fi­ci ori­ve mxa­res dro­is mo­ge­bis sa­Su­
a­le­bad mi­aC­nda. is maT aka­veb­da mxo­lod ma­nam, sa­nam axa­li
brZo­lis­Tvis Za­las ar mo­ik­reb­dnen. vinc dros ixel­Teb­da da
fics min­do­bil me­to­qes Tavs da­es­xmo­da, tkbe­bo­da Su­ris­Zi­
e­biT. mterze veragobiT gamarjvebiT war­ma­te­bis mo­po­ve­bac
Se­iZ­le­bo­da da sa­xe­li­sac: ada­mi­an­Ta um­rav­le­so­bas ur­Cev­nia
mo­xer­xe­bul maty­u­a­rad iT­vle­bo­des, vid­re pa­ti­o­san su­le­lad.
am ube­du­re­ba­Ta mi­ze­zi Za­la­uf­le­bis wyur­vi­li­a, ro­me­lic
si­xar­be­sa da pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­bas em­ya­re­ba. ori­ve par­ti­is Tav­ka­
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ce­bi la­maz sity­vebs am­bo­ben – `Ta­nas­wo­ro­ba yve­las­Tvis~, an
`zo­mi­er
­ i aris­tok­ra­ti­a~. isi­ni am­tki­ce­ben, rom qvey­nis si­ke­
Tis­Tvis ib­rZvi­an, si­nam­dvi­le­Si ki – ba­to­no­bas es­wraf­vi­an.
Ti­To­e­u­li cdi­lobs, da­a­mar­cxos me­to­qe da aTas­gvar da­na­Sa­uls
sCa­dis. Su­ris­Zi­e­ba­Si ki­dev uf­ro Sors mi­di­an. ga­yal­be­bu­li ken­
Wis­yriT an Za­la­do­biT xe­li­suf­le­bis mo­po­ve­bis Sem­deg isi­ni
mzad ari­an, ne­bis­mi­er dros ga­mo­av­li­non Ta­vianTi si­Zul­vi­li
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gi­sad­mi. pa­ti­os­ne­ba da Rmer­Te­bis Si­Si maT­Tvis
li­to­ni sity­ve­bis, xo­lo, vinc usin­di­so saq­me­ebs la­ma­zi fra­
ze­biT niR­bavs, sa­xel­sac ix­veWs. is mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi, rom­le­bic arc
erT par­ti­as ar ekuT­vni­an, ori­ve mxa­ris msxver­pli xde­bi­an,
rad­gan cal­ke dga­nan da uk­ve amiT maT­da­mi si­Zul­vils iw­ve­ven.
par­ti­e­bis brZo­lam ela­da­Si yve­la­na­i­ri man­ki­e­re­ba da usin­
di­so­ba war­moS­va, ub­ra­lo­eb
­ a da si­ke­Te ki da­cin­vis sa­ga­ni gax­da
da gaq­ra. yvel­gan mo­qiS­pe par­ti­eb
­ i iyo. maT uk­ve ve­ra­fe­ri Se­a­
ri­geb­da. yve­la dar­wmu­ne­bu­li iyo, rom sa­er­To usaf­rTxo­eb
­ a
aRar ar­se­bob­da, ami­tom yve­las Ta­vis Tav­ze un­da ez­ru­na da
sxvas ar ndo­bo­da. am brZo­la­Si nak­le­bad gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li da
nak­le­bad ga­naT­le­bu­li xal­xi imar­jveb­da. isi­ni grZnob­dnen
Ta­vis aras­rul­fa­sov­ne­bas, eSi­no­daT, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis
Wku­i­sa da eS­ma­ko­bis msxver­plni gax­de­bod­nen da Ta­ma­mad mi­mar­
Tav­dnen Za­la­do­bas. sxve­bi ki, vinc qed­maR­lu­rad miiCnevda,
rom yve­la­fe­ri ga­iT­va­lis­wi­na da Za­la­do­bis ga­re­Se ga­vidoda
fons, sif­xiz­les kar­gav­dnen da iRu­pe­bod­nen.
am bo­ro­te­ba­Ta ume­te­so­ba pir­ve­lad ker­ki­ra­ze gaC­nda.
zo­gi ga­mo­iw­via Su­ris­Zi­eb
­ is grZno­bam im mmar­Tvel­Ta mi­marT,
rom­le­bic ti­ra­ne­bis msgav­sad ugu­nu­rad da TviT­ne­bu­rad
iq­ce­od­nen. sxva bo­ro­te­ba si­Ra­ri­bis­gan Ta­vis daR­we­visa da
uka­no­nod gam­did­re­bis sur­vil­ma ga­a­Ci­na. zo­gi da­na­Sa­u­li
si­Zul­vil­ma war­moS­va da uki­du­res si­sas­ti­kes aR­wev­da. qve­ya­
na­Si cxov­re­ba mo­i­Sa­la. ada­mi­a­nis bu­ne­ba xom yo­vel­Tvis mza­daa
ka­no­nis da­sar­Rve­vad, ax­la ki qve­na grZno­bebs ga­sa­qa­ni mi­e­ca.
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ase­Ti am­be­bi dat­ri­al­da ker­ki­ra­ze. ama­so­ba­Si aTe­nel­
Ta es­kad­ra ukan gab­run­da. Sem­dgom­Si ker­ki­ra­dan dev­nil­ma
oli­gar­qeb­ma da­i­ka­ves si­mag­re kun­Zu­lis mo­pi­rdapi­re mxa­res,
sa­i­da­nac pe­ri­o­du­lad Tavs es­xmod­nen da awu­xeb­dnen ker­ki­
re­lebs. maT dax­ma­re­ba sTxo­ves la­ke­de­mon­sa da ko­rinToss,
mag­ram uSe­de­god. Sem­deg ga­am­za­des sat­ran­spor­to ge­me­bi,
iqi­ra­ves meb­rZo­le­bi da eq­vsa­si ka­ciT kun­Zul­ze ga­das­xdnen.
meb­rZo­le­bis­Tvis ukan­da­sa­xe­vi rom mo­eW­raT, ge­me­bi daw­ves,
da is­to­nes mTa­ze ga­mag­rdnen. aqe­dan ag­rZe­leb­dnen mo­qa­la­
qe­Ta rbe­vas.
ima­ve zaf­xu­lis mi­wu­ruls aTe­ne­leb­ma la­qe­te­sis sar­dlo­
biT oci xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes si­ci­li­a­ze. amis mi­ze­zi si­ra­ku­
zel­Ta da le­on­ti­nel­Ta omi iyo. si­ra­ku­ze­lebs mi­em­xrnen
sxva do­ri­u­li qvey­ne­bic, ka­ma­ri­nis gar­da, rom­le­bic omis
dawy­eb
­ is­Ta­na­ve Se­vid­nen la­ke­de­mo­nis kav­Sir­Si, mag­ram brZo­
la­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bas ar iReb­dnen. le­on­ti­nel­Ta mxa­res ki qal­
ki­del­Ta qvey­ne­bi da ka­ma­ri­na iy­vnen. ita­li­a­Si si­ra­ku­ze­lebs
lok­re­bi Se­u­er­Tdnen, le­on­ti­ne­lebs ki – re­gi­e­le­bi. ro­de­sac
le­on­ti­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ga­u­Wir­daT, maT da­sax­ma­reb­lad
aTens mi­mar­Tes. aTe­ne­leb­ma Zve­li me­gob­ro­bis sa­ba­biT es­kad­
ra gag­zav­nes, si­nam­dvi­le­Si maT pe­lo­po­nes­Si pu­ris mi­wo­de­bis
Se­fer­xe­ba da si­ci­li­is dapy­ro­ba ain­te­re­seb­daT. aTe­ne­le­bi
ita­li­a­Si ga­das­xdnen da mo­kav­Si­re­ebs mi­eS­vel­nen. ase dam­Tav­
rda zaf­xu­li.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars Wir­ma isev ifeT­qa aTen­Si. am­je­rad is
mTe­l we­liwads mZvin­va­reb­da. am ube­du­re­bam di­dad Se­ar­yia
aTe­nis Zli­e­re­ba. si­eb­Si Se­ta­nil­Ta­gan oTxi aTas oTx­a­si hop­
li­ti da sa­ma­si mxe­da­ri da­i­Ru­pa, da­nar­Ce­ni mo­sax­le­o­bi­dan
ki – ram­de­ni, ve­ra­vin moT­vlis. xSi­ri iyo mi­wis­Zvre­bic aTen­Si,
ev­be­as
­ a da be­o­ti­aS
­ i.
zam­Tar­Si si­ci­li­a­ze myof­ma aTe­ne­leb­ma da re­gi­e­leb­
ma da­laS­qres eo­lo­sis kun­Zu­le­bi. kun­Zu­le­bi kni­do­sel­Ta
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ko­lo­nist li­pa­ri­e­lebs ekuT­vniT. mo­sax­le­o­ba mxo­lod erT
kun­Zul­ze cxov­robs, sxveb­ze ki ga­da­di­an da mi­was amu­Sa­ve­
ben. maT sje­raT, rom iq aris he­fes­to­sis sam­Wed­lo, rad­gan
Ra­miT cecx­lis sve­ti Cnde­ba. aTe­ne­leb­ma da­ar­bi­es kun­Zu­le­bi,
mag­ram mo­sax­le­o­ba ver da­i­mor­Ci­les da ukan gab­run­dnen. ase
das­rul­da omis me­xu­Te we­li.
mom­dev­no zaf­xuls pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi me­fe agi­sis, ar­qi­da­mo­
sis Zis sar­dlo­biT ati­kis da­sa­laS­qrad em­za­de­bod­nen, mag­ram
ukan ga­b­ru­ndnen xSi­ri mi­wis­Zvre­bis ga­mo. da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve
dros mi­wis­Zvris ga­mo ev­be­a­ze, oro­bi­as­Si zRvam ukan da­i­xi­a,
Sem­deg ki uzar­ma­za­ri tal­Re­bi da­aty­da Tavs qa­laqs. sa­dac
ad­re xme­le­Ti iyo, ax­la zRva­a. amas­Tan, bev­ri xal­xi da­i­Ru­pa.
msgav­si wyal­di­do­ba mox­da kun­Zul ata­lan­ta­zec, sa­dac zRvam
aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­ris na­wi­li da­an­gria da er­Ti xo­mal­di da­a­zi­
a­na. pe­pa­re­Tos­Ta­nac zRvam od­nav ukan da­i­xia da mi­wis­Zvram
ga­lav­nis na­wi­li, nav­sad­gu­ri da ram­de­ni­me sax­li da­an­gri­a.
im zaf­xuls si­ci­li­a­ze omi grZel­de­bo­da. si­ci­li­el
­ i eli­ne­
bi er­Tma­neTs eo­me­bod­nen, aTe­ne­le­bi ki Ta­vi­anT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs
ex­ma­re­bod­nen. aTe­ne­li sar­dlis qa­re­a­da­sis da­Rup­vis Sem­deg
la­qe­tes­ma ga­da­i­ba­ra mTa­var­sar­dlo­ba da mo­kav­Si­reb­Tan er­Tad
qa­laq mi­le­ze ga­i­laS­qra. qa­la­qis gar­ni­zo­ni Ca­u­saf­rda aTe­
ne­lebs, mag­ram aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­aq­ci­es mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge, Sem­deg
Se­u­ti­es ci­xe­si­mag­res da ai­Zu­les mte­ri, da­ne­be­bu­li­yo da
maT­Tan er­Tad me­se­nas wi­na­aR­mdeg wa­su­li­yo. bo­los da bo­los,
me­se­nac da­neb­da, maT aTe­ne­lebs mZev­le­bi da er­Tgu­le­bis
ga­ran­tia mis­ces.
ima­ve zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­dis­gan Sem­dga­ri
es­kad­ra gag­zav­nes de­mos­Te­ne­sis da prok­lo­sis sar­dlo­biT
pe­lo­po­ne­sis na­pi­reb­Tan. ag­reT­ve, sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di da ori
aTa­si hop­li­ti gag­zav­nes me­los­ze ni­ki­a­sis sar­dlo­biT. aTe­ne­
lebs un­do­daT me­lo­sel­Ta da­mor­Ci­le­ba. rad­gan me­lo­se­le­bi
ma­Ti mi­we­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­bis Sem­de­gac ar da­neb­dnen, aTe­ne­lebs
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oro­pos­Si was­vla mo­u­wi­aT. iq isi­ni da­Ra­me­bi­sas ga­das­xdnen
da hop­li­te­bi be­o­ti­u­ri ta­nag­ris­ken da­iZ­rnen. ama­so­ba­Si
aTe­nel­Ta Za­le­bi, hi­po­ni­ko­sis da ev­ri­me­do­nis sar­dlo­biT,
maT Se­sax­ved­rad da­iZ­rnen. isi­ni da­ba­nak­dnen da mTe­li dRis
ganmavloaSi aox­reb­dnen ta­nag­ris mi­was. me­o­re dRes maT da­a­
mar­cxes ta­nag­re­le­bi da maT da­sax­ma­reb­lad mo­su­li Te­be­le­bi.
aTe­ne­leb­ma aR­mar­Tes ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni, Sem­deg ki dab­run­
dnen, er­Tni – Sin, me­o­re­ni ki – sa­ku­Tar ge­meb­Tan. ni­ki­a­sis
es­kad­ra Tavs da­es­xa lok­riss, aa­ox­ra qve­ya­na da Sin dab­run­da.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da­a­ar­ses he­rak­
lea tra­qi­ne­a­Si. tra­qi­ne­el
­ eb­ma me­zob­leb­Tan mar­cxis Sem­deg
jer aTe­ne­leb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­ba ga­niz­ra­xes, mag­ram Sem­deg la­ke­
de­mon­Si gag­zav­nes el­Co­ba. maT­Tan er­Tad daxma­re­bas iTx­ov­
da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta met­ro­po­lia do­ri­sic. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
ga­dawy­vi­tes ma­Ti dax­ma­re­ba, Ta­nac axa­­li qa­la­qis mde­ba­re­o­ba
xel­say­re­li iyo aTe­ne­leb­Tan om­Si. iqi­dan Se­iZ­le­bo­da ev­be­az
­ e
xo­mal­de­bis gag­zav­na. agreT­ve laS­qris Tra­ki­a­Si ga­day­va­na.
Ta­vi­dan rCe­va RmerTs hkiTx­es del­fo­Si. ke­Ti­li mis­no­bis
Sem­deg ki ko­lo­nis­te­bi gag­zav­nes.
axa­li qa­la­qis mSe­neb­lo­bam aTen­Si SeS­fo­Te­ba ga­mo­iw­vi­a,
rad­gan mix­vdnen, rom is ev­be­a­ze Tav­da­sas­xme­lad iyo ga­miz­
nu­li. mag­ram Sem­dgom­Si am qa­la­qis­gan aTe­ne­lebs ara­vi­Ta­ri
usi­a­mov­ne­ba ar Sex­ved­ri­aT. Tav­da­pir­ve­lad, Te­sa­li­e­lebs da
sxva to­mebs, vis mi­wa­ze­dac da­ar­sda ko­lo­ni­a, eSi­no­daT axal­
mo­su­le­bis da ga­u­Ta­ve­be­li ome­biT TiT­qmis sul gawy­vi­tes
isi­ni. Ta­vi­dan ki bev­ri ko­lo­nis­ti iyo. Ti­To­e­u­li ko­lo­ni­as
usaf­rTxod mi­iC­nev­da, rad­gan maT sa­Ta­ve­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
id­gnen. ko­lo­ni­is da­Rup­vis me­o­re mi­ze­zi ki ugu­nu­ri mmar­Tve­
lo­ba iyo. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mkac­ri da zog­jer usa­mar­Tlo
mmar­Tve­lo­biT xal­xis si­Zul­vi­li da­im­sa­xu­res.
ima­ve zaf­xuls, da­ax­lo­eb
­ iT ima­ve dros, ro­de­sac aTe­ne­le­bi
me­los­Tan ib­rZod­nen, ma­Ti oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di akar­na­ni­e­le­bis,
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Za­kin­Te­le­bis, ke­fa­le­ni­e­le­bis da ker­ki­rel­Ta TxuT­me­ti
xo­mal­dis dax­ma­re­biT lev­ka­das da­es­xnen Tavs. lev­ka­de­le­bi
qa­laq­Si Ca­ik­ et­nen da ar ga­mo­di­od­nen mter­Tan sab­rZol­ve­lad
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge maT mi­was aCa­na­geb­da.
icod­nen, mra­val­ricx­ov­ an mters ver ga­um­klav­de­bod­nen. akar­
na­ni­e­le­bi sTxov­dnen aTe­nel sar­dal de­mos­Te­ness, Caeketa
qa­la­qi sa­al­yo ked­liT. ime­di hqon­daT, rom ase uf­ro io­lad
ai­Reb­dnen qa­laqs da mo­i­So­reb­dnen Zvel mters. mag­ram me­se­
ni­el
­ eb­ma da­ar­wmu­nes de­mos­Te­ne­si, ga­e­laS­qra eto­li­el
­ eb­ze,
nav­paq­to­sis mtreb­ze. eto­li­el
­ e­bis da­mor­Ci­le­biT Se­iZ­le­bo­da
am sa­na­pi­ro­ze la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis ga­da­bi­re­ba
aTe­nel­Ta mxa­re­ze. mar­Ta­li­a, eto­li­e­le­bi di­di da me­o­ma­ri
to­mi­a, mag­ram maT ara aqvT si­mag­re­e­bi da mxo­lod msu­bu­qad
Se­i­ar
­ a­Re­bu­li me­om­re­bi hyavT. ami­tom ma­Ti da­mar­cxe­ba io­li
iq­ne­bo­da, Tu isi­ni ver mo­a­xer­xeb­dnen Za­le­bis Tav­moy­ras.
de­mos­Te­ne­si da­e­Tan­xma am wi­na­da­de­bas, rad­gan un­do­da
me­se­ni­e­li­e­bis­Tvis ea­me­bi­na. igi ima­sac Se­saZ­leb­lad mi­iC­
nev­da, aTe­ni­dan dax­ma­re­bis ga­re­Se, mxo­lod mo­kav­Si­re­Ta da
eto­li­el­Ta Za­le­biT Tavs das­xmo­da be­o­ti­as. ime­di hqon­da,
aTe­ne­leb­Tan Zve­li me­gob­ro­bis ga­mo fo­ki­de­le­bic mi­iR
­ eb­dnen
laS­qro­ba­Si mo­na­wi­le­ob
­ as.
de­mos­Te­nes­ma akar­na­ni­el­Ta ne­bis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god da­tova
lev­ka­da da ge­zi so­li­os­ze ai­Ro. aq man akar­na­ni­e­lebs ga­um­xi­la
eto­li­e­leb­ze Tav­das­xmis geg­ma. akar­na­ni­e­leb­ma ua­ri ga­nacx­
a­des am wa­mowy­e­ba­ze, rad­gan lev­ka­da da­uc­ve­li rCe­bo­da. ma­Sin
de­mos­Te­nes­ma da­iwyo laS­qro­ba mis xelT dar­Ce­ni­li Za­le­biT.
ese­ni iy­vnen: ke­fa­le­ni­e­le­bi, me­se­ni­e­le­bi, Za­kin­Te­le­bi da
sa­ma­si qve­i­Ti aTe­ne­li. maT un­da Se­er­Te­bod­nen lok­re­bic,
rom­le­bic eto­li­e­le­bis msgav­sad iy­vnen Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li da
kar­gad ic­nob­dnen maT.
de­mos­Te­nesma pir­ve­li Ra­me ne­me­el
­ i zev­sis sam­loc­ve­loSi
ga­aT
­ i­a, sa­dac, gad­mo­ce­mis Ta­nax­mad, he­si­od
­ e mok­les. gam­Te­ni­
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i­sas is eto­li­a­Si Se­iW­ra, ai­Ro ram­de­ni­me da­sax­le­bu­li pun­qti
da na­dav­li ev­pa­li­os­Si gag­zav­na. de­mos­Te­ne­si ar fiq­rob­da
yve­la­ze Zli­er eto­li­ur tom­ze, ofi­o­neb­ze Tav­das­xmas. qvey­
nis da­nar­Ce­ni na­wi­lis da­mor­Ci­le­bis Sem­deg igi nav­paq­tos­Si
dab­ru­ne­bas va­ra­u­dob­da. aTe­ne­li sar­dlis geg­me­bi eto­li­
el­TaT­vis cno­bi­li gax­da, maT Sek­ri­bes laS­qa­ri da mtris
Se­sax­ved­rad wa­mo­vid­nen.
ama­so­ba­Si me­se­ni­e­leb­ma ga­u­me­o­res de­mos­Te­ness ma­Ti Tav­da­
pir­ve­li rCe­va. isi­ni ir­wmu­ne­bod­nen, rom qvey­nis da­mor­Ci­le­ba
io­lad mo­xer­xde­bo­da, Tu da­sax­le­bebs ma­nam da­i­ka­veb­da, sa­nam
eto­li­e­le­bi ga­er­Ti­an­de­bod­nen. de­mos­Te­ne­si en­do me­se­ni­el­Ta
rCe­vas da sa­ku­Tar beds, ro­me­lic aqam­de swya­lob­da, aRar da­e­
lo­da lok­re­bis Se­mo­er­Te­bas da ai­gi­ti­oss Se­u­ti­a. man io­lad
ai­Ro qa­la­qi, mag­ram am dros eto­li­e­le­bi ga­moC­ndnen. isi­ni
mTis fer­do­be­bi­dan eS­ve­bod­nen xan erT, xan me­or
­ e ad­gi­las da
Su­bebs styor­cnid­nen aTe­ne­lebs. aTe­nel­Ta yo­ve­li ie­ri­Sis
dros ukan ixev­dnen, me­re ki isev brun­de­bod­nen. brZo­la ga­Wi­
a­nur­da, ie­ri­Se­bi da ukan ­da­xe­va er­Tma­neTs cvli­da da ori­ve
Sem­Txve­va­Si aTe­nel­Ta ri­geb­Si msxver­pli iyo.
sa­nam mo­is­re­ebs is­re­bi ga­u­Tav­de­bo­daT, aTe­ne­le­bi med­grad
id­gnen. mo­is­re­Ta raz­mis uf­ro­si rom da­e­ca, raz­mi ga­i­fan­ta,
aTe­ne­leb­ma ve­Rar ga­uZ­les Se­mo­te­vas da ga­iq­cnen. zo­gi xev­
Si ga­da­var­da, zog­sac gza da­eb­na, ma­Ti me­se­ni­e­li meg­zu­ric
da­i­Ru­pa. msu­bu­qad Se­Wur­vi­li eto­li­e­le­bi io­lad ewe­od­
nen gaq­ce­ul mters da ­xo­cavdnen. raz­mis di­di na­wi­li tye­Si
aR­moC­nda. ma­Sin mter­ma tyes cecx­li wa­u­ki­da. aTe­nel­Ta ja­ris
nar­Ce­neb­ma lok­riss mi­aR­wi­es. laS­qro­ba­Si bev­ri mo­kav­Si­rec
da­i­Ru­pa, aTe­ne­leb­ma ki as o­ci hop­li­ti da­kar­ges, sul rCe­u­
li axal­gaz­rde­bi. da­za­ve­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma da­Ru­pul­Ta
cxed­re­bi da­ib­ru­nes da nav­paq­to­sis­ken da­i­xi­es, iqi­dan ki
aTen­Si dab­run­dnen. de­mos­Te­ne­si nav­paq­tos­Si dar­Ca, rad­gan
mar­cxis ga­mo aTe­nel­Ta ris­xvis eSi­no­da.
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da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ram si­ci­li­i­dan
lok­ri­sis­ken ai­Ro ge­zi. gad­mos­xdo­mi­sas aTe­ne­leb­ma da­a­mar­
cxes lok­re­bi da ai­Res sa­sazR­vro si­mag­re.
ima­ve zaf­xuls eto­li­el
­ eb­ma el­Ce­bi gag­zav­nes ko­rin­Tossa
da la­ke­de­mon­Si. maT da­ar­wmu­nes la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, ga­eg­zav­naT
ja­ri nav­paq­to­sis da­sas­je­lad. Se­mod­go­ma­ze la­ke­de­mo­ne­
leb­ma mar­Tlac gag­zav­nes sa­mi aTa­si hop­li­ti ev­ri­lo­qo­sis
sar­dlo­biT.
ro­de­sac laS­qa­ri del­fos­Si Se­ik­ri­ba, ev­ri­lo­qos­ma mac­ne
ga­ug­zav­na lok­rebs, rad­gan maT mi­wa­ze un­da ga­ev­lo, Ta­nac
ime­di hqon­da, rom maT aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg wa­a­qe­zeb­da. ad­gi­
lob­ri­vi to­me­bi mi­em­xrnen pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs, mZev­le­bi mis­ces
maT, zog­ma me­om­re­bic mi­aS­ve­la.
sam­za­diss rom mor­Ca, ev­ri­lo­qo­si lok­ri­sis gav­liT nav­paq­
to­sis­ken da­iZ­ra. gzad oi­ne­o­ni da ev­pa­li­o­si ai­Ro da nav­paq­
to­sis ol­qis aox­re­bas Se­ud­ga. aTe­nel­ma de­mos­Te­nes­ma mtris
mo­ax­lo­e­ba rom Se­ity­o, Se­wux­da qa­la­qis bed­ze da akar­na­ne­
lebs dax­ma­re­ba sTxo­va. maT ax­sov­daT mi­si was­vla lev­ka­di­dan,
mag­ram ma­inc mis­ces aTa­si hop­li­ti, rom­leb­mac ga­da­ar­Ci­nes
qa­la­qi. maT ga­re­Se qa­la­qi grZe­li ked­le­bi­Ta da mci­re gar­
ni­zo­niT did­xans ver gaZ­leb­da. ev­ri­lo­qos­ma maS­ve­li Za­lis
mos­vla rom Se­ity­o, mix­vda, ie­ri­SiT qa­laqs ve­Rar ai­Reb­da, ukan
da­i­xia da eo­lis­Si ga­da­vi­da. aq mas­Tan am­pra­ki­e­le­bi mi­vid­nen
da SesTavazes, am­fi­lo­qi da akar­na­nia da­e­laS­qra. Tu ma­Ti
da­mor­Ci­le­ba mo­xer­xde­bo­da, mTe­li xme­le­Ti la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
kav­Sirs Se­u­er­Tde­bo­da. ev­ri­lo­qo­si da­Tan­xmda. man da­iTx­o­va
eto­li­e­le­bi, Tvi­Ton ki Ta­vi­si laS­qriT qve­ya­na­Si dar­Ca, rom
am­pra­ki­e­lebs ar­go­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg brZo­la­Si dax­ma­re­bo­da. ase
das­rul­da zaf­xu­li.
mo­mdev­no zam­Tars aTe­ne­le­bi da ma­Ti si­ci­li­e­li mo­kav­Si­re­
e­bi Tavs da­es­xnen ine­sas, rom­lis ak­ro­po­li­sic si­ra­ku­ze­lebs
epy­raT. qa­la­qi ver ai­Res da ukan dai­xies. ma­Sin si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma
142
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ie­ri­Si mi­i­ta­nes ari­er­gar­dSi myof mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze da di­dad
av­nes maT. amis Sem­deg maleve la­qe­tes­ma ga­das­xa de­san­ti lok­
ris­Si da mdi­na­re ka­i­ki­nos­Tan da­a­mar­cxa lok­re­bis raz­mi.
ima­ve zam­Tars, ra­Rac mis­no­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze, aTe­ne­leb­ma
de­lo­si gan­wmin­des. ad­re ti­ran­ma pi­sis­tra­tos­ma gaw­min­da kun­
Zu­lis na­wi­li, ro­me­lic taZ­ri­dan Cans. ax­la mTe­li kun­Zu­li
ga­niw­min­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma brZa­nes kun­Zu­li­dan yve­la sa­mar­xis
ga­ta­na da sa­mo­mav­lod ak­rZa­les iq mo­mak­vdav­Ta da mSo­bi­a­
re­Ta yof­na. isi­ni re­ni­a­ze un­da ga­da­ey­va­naT. es kun­Zu­li ise
ax­loa de­lo­si­dan, rom sa­mo­sel­ma ti­ran­ma po­lik­ra­tes­ma,
ro­me­lic odes­Rac zRva­ze ba­to­nob­da, isi­ni jaW­viT ga­da­a­ba
da de­lo­sel apo­lons Ses­wi­ra. gan­wmen­dis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma
de­los­ze oTx we­li­wad­Si er­Txel Ta­ma­Se­bis mowy­o­ba daaweses.
Ta­ma­Seb­ze da­sas­wre­bad oja­xe­biT Ca­mo­di­od­nen. aq­ve imar­Te­
bo­da mu­si­ka­lu­ri da gim­nas­ti­ku­ri Se­jib­re­be­bi, ris Se­sa­xeb
ho­me­ro­sic gvam­cnobs.
ima­ve zam­Tars am­pra­ki­e­leb­ma Se­as­ru­les ev­ri­lo­qo­sis­Tvis
mi­ce­mu­li pi­ro­ba da am­fi­lo­qi­ur ar­gos­ze ga­i­laS­qres. isi­ni
Se­iW­rnen ar­go­sis ol­qSi da da­eu
­ f­lnen ol­pas, si­mag­res zRvis
na­pir­ze, sa­dac ad­re akar­na­nel­Ta sa­sa­mar­Tlo ik­ri­be­bo­da.
es si­mag­re ar­go­si­dan oc­da­xu­Ti sta­di­o­ni­Taa da­So­re­bu­li.
akar­na­nel­Ta er­Ti raz­mi ar­go­sis saS­ve­lad ga­e­mar­Ta, me­o­res
ki ev­ri­lo­qo­sis ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis­Tvis un­da edev­ne­bi­na Tva­li.
akar­na­ne­leb­ma sTxo­ves de­mos­Te­ness, sa­Ta­ve­Si Cad­go­mo­da maT
jars. am­pra­ki­e­leb­ma ol­pa­dan Ta­na­mo­qa­la­qe­ebs sTxo­ves maS­
ve­li ra­ze­bi, rad­gan eSi­no­daT, rom ev­ri­lo­qo­si akar­na­ne­lebs
ver gas­cde­bo­da.
ama­so­ba­Si ev­ri­lo­qos­ma ga­ig
­ o am­pra­ki­el­Ta ol­pa­Si mis­vla
da sas­wra­fod da­iZ­ra maT saS­ve­lad. man Se­um­Cnev­lad au­a­ra
gver­di akar­na­ne­lebs, Ra­miT ar­go­sis dab­lob­ze da­eS­va da
am­pra­ki­e­lebs Se­u­er­Tda.
Se­er­Te­bis Sem­deg di­liT ori­ve ja­ri da­iZ­ra met­ro­po­li­
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sis­ken da iq da­ba­nak­da. co­ta xan­Si ar­go­se­lebs wa­mo­eS­vel­nen
aTe­nis oci xo­mal­di da de­mos­Te­ne­si ora­si me­se­ni­e­li hop­li­
ti­Ta da sa­mo­ci aTe­ne­li mSvil­dos­niT. es­kad­ram ol­pas max­
lob­lad Ca­uS­va Ru­za. akar­na­ne­le­bi da am­fi­lo­qel­Ta na­wi­li
ar­gos­Si Se­ik­rib­nen. mTa­var­sar­dlad de­mos­Te­ne­si air­Ci­es. igi
laS­q­riT ol­pas­ max­lob­lad da­ba­nak­da. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs er­Ti
xe­vi hyof­da. xu­Ti dRe umoq­me­dod id­gnen, me­eq­vse dRes ki sab­
rZol­ve­lad ga­em­zad­nen. me­to­qis ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­bi­sa
da uf­ro grZe­li fron­tis pi­ro­beb­Si de­mos­Te­ness ga­re­moc­
va­Si mox­ved­ra aSi­neb­da. ami­tom man ma­xis da­ge­ba ga­dawy­vi­ta.
oTx­a­si hop­li­ti da msu­bu­qad aR­Wur­vi­li qve­i­Ti buC­qnar­Si
Ca­a­saf­ra, ra­Ta ga­re­moc­vis dros mters zur­gi­dan das­xmod­nen
Tavs. de­mos­Te­ne­si me­se­ni­el
­ eb­Tan da aTe­ne­leb­Tan er­Tad mar­
jve­na flan­gze id­ga, cen­trsa da mar­cxe­na flan­gze ki – akar­
na­ne­le­bi da am­fi­lo­qe­le­bi. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da am­pra­ki­e­le­bi
Se­re­u­lad id­gnen, gar­da man­ti­ne­e­le­bi­sa, rom­le­bic er­Tad
id­gnen mar­cxe­na flan­gze. de­mos­Te­ne­sis pi­ris­pir ev­ri­lo­
qo­sis raz­mi dad­ga.
brZo­la ga­CaR­da. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma Se­mov­li­Ti ma­nev­ri
wa­mo­iwy­es, ra­Ta mte­ri al­ya­Si mo­em­wyvdi­aT. ma­Sin akar­na­ne­
le­bi buC­qna­ri­dan ga­moc­viv­dnen da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges zur­gi­dan
Se­u­ti­es. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Sed­rknen da ga­iq­cnen. sa­u­ke­Te­so
na­wi­lis mar­cxma da­nar­Ce­neb­sac da­u­kar­ga mxne­o­ba. am­de­nad
de­mos­Te­nes­ma da mis­ma me­se­ni­e­leb­ma ga­i­mar­jves. mar­jve­na
frTa­ze ki am­pra­ki­e­le­bi imar­jveb­dnen, maT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge
ar­go­sam­de uku­aq­ci­es, mag­ram mob­ru­ne­bu­leb­ma aR­mo­a­Ci­nes, rom
laS­qris Zi­ri­Ta­di na­wi­li ga­nad­gu­re­bu­li iyo, da brZo­liT
da­i­xi­es ol­pa­sa­ken. mxo­lod man­ti­ne­e­leb­ma mo­a­xer­xes wyo­bis
dar­Rve­vis ga­re­Se ukan­ da­xe­va. brZo­la da­Ra­me­bam­de gag­rZel­da.
ev­ri­lo­qo­si brZo­la­Si da­i­Ru­pa da sar­dlo­ba me­ne­da­i­os­
ma Ca­i­ba­ra. mZi­me mar­cxis Sem­deg man aRar ico­da, ra eq­na da
de­mos­Te­nes­Tan da­za­ve­bis Se­sa­xeb da­iwyo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba. aTe­
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ne­leb­ma da akar­na­ne­leb­ma mas da­Ru­pul­Ta cxed­re­bi da­ub­
ru­nes, Tvi­Ton ki ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da sa­ku­Ta­ri
da­Ru­pu­le­bi dak­rZa­les. maT ne­ba ar dar­Tes mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges,
mTe­li laS­qriT gac­lod­nen iqa­u­ro­bas. de­mos­Te­nes­ma da mis­ma
akar­na­nel­ma am­xa­na­geb­ma sa­i­dum­lo Se­Tan­xme­ba da­des me­ne­da­i­
os­Tan, rom­lis Ta­nax­ma­dac man­ti­ne­lebs, me­ne­da­i­os­sa da sxva
sar­dlebs was­vla Se­eZ­loT. de­mos­Te­nes­ma es imi­tom qna, rom
am­pra­ki­e­le­bis mar­to da­to­ve­ba sur­da, ag­reT­ve amiT la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­sa da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs ad­gi­lob­riv elin­Ta So­ris
sa­xels ga­u­tex­da. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma sas­wra­fod dak­rZa­les
Ta­vi­an­Ti mic­va­le­bu­le­bi da wa­sas­vle­lad mo­em­zad­nen.
ama­so­ba­Si de­mos­Te­nes­ma mi­i­Ro cno­ba, rom am­pra­ki­dan di­di
raz­mi mo­di­od
­ a ol­pas da­sax­ma­reb­lad. man sas­wra­fod gag­zav­na
ja­ris na­wi­li, rom stra­te­gi­u­li si­maR­le­e­bi da­e­ka­ve­bi­naT da
mters gza­ze Ca­saf­re­bod­nen.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma pa­ta­ra jgu­fe­bad da­iwy­es qa­la­qi­dan
gas­vla. gzad vi­Tom mwva­nil­sa da fiCxs ag­ro­veb­dnen. ol­pas
rom ga­Sor­dnen, fexs auC­qa­res. am­pra­ki­el
­ eb­ma es Se­am­Cni­es da
ga­e­kid­nen maT. akar­na­ne­lebs Ta­vi­dan ego­naT, rom mte­ri une­
bar­Tvod mi­di­o­da da dev­na da­uwy­es. Sem­deg sar­dleb­ma aux­
snes maT, rac xde­bo­da da man­ti­ne­el
­ eb­sa da pe­lo­po­no­se­lebs
was­vlis ne­ba mis­ces, am­pra­ki­e­lebs ki da­e­riv­nen. ora­sa­mde
am­pra­ki­e­li da­i­Ru­pa im dRes.
ama­so­ba­Si am­pra­ki­el­Ta maS­ve­li raz­me­bi ido­me­nas mi­ad­gnen.
es ori bor­cvi­a, ro­mel­Ta­gan uf­ro di­di de­mos­Te­ne­sis raz­mma
da­i­ka­va, uf­ro pa­ta­ra­ze ki am­pra­ki­e­le­bi da­ba­nak­dnen. sa­Ra­mos
de­mos­Te­ne­si da­nar­Ce­ni meb­rZo­le­biT mtri­sa­ken da­iZ­ra da
meore di­liT mo­u­lod­ne­lad da­es­xa Tavs. maT jer eZi­naT da
im­de­nad ver war­mo­id­gi­nes, ra xde­bo­da, rom Ta­vi­dan de­mos­
Te­ne­sis meb­rZo­le­bi Ta­vi­si­a­ne­bi egonaT. de­mos­Te­nes­ma swo­
red am miz­niT win me­se­ni­e­le­bi ga­uS­va, rom do­ri­ul di­a­leqts
ya­ra­u­lis sif­rTxi­le mo­e­du­ne­bi­na. de­mos­Te­ne­si ase da­es­xa
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mters Tavs, na­wi­li da­xo­ca, na­wi­lic ga­aq­ci­a. mag­ram ukan­da­
sa­xe­vi gza uk­ve moW­ri­li iyo am­fi­lo­qe­le­bis mi­er – mi­da­mos
kar­gad mcod­ne msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li meb­rZo­le­bi io­lad
us­wor­de­bod­nen gaq­ce­ul hop­li­tebs.
am­pra­ki­e­le­bis um­rav­le­so­ba da­iR
­ u­pa, mxo­lod er­Te­u­le­bi
dab­run­dnen Sin. akar­na­ne­leb­ma sa­Wur­ve­li ah­ya­res da­Ru­pu­
lebs, ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da ar­gos­Si dab­run­dnen.
me­o­re dRes ol­pa­dan gaq­ce­ul am­pra­ki­el­Ta mac­ne mo­vi­da
akar­na­ne­leb­Tan pir­vel brZo­la­Si da­Ru­pul­Ta cxed­re­bis
saTx­ov­ne­lad. is ga­a­o­ca am­pra­ki­el­Ta sa­Wur­ve­lis ra­o­de­no­
bam, man xom me­o­re brZo­lis Se­sa­xeb ara­fe­ri ico­da. ro­de­sac
ga­i­go, rac mox­da, usity­vod gab­run­da ukan. mar­Tlac, om­Si
arc erT qve­ya­nas ar ga­nuc­dia erT dRe­Si amo­de­na da­na­kar­
gi. da­Ru­pul­Ta ricx­vi ar mom­yavs, rad­gan qa­la­qis zo­mas­Tan
Se­da­re­biT war­mo­ud­gen­lad mo­geC­ve­ne­baT. mag­ram dar­wmu­ne­
bu­li var, rom akar­na­ne­lebs da am­fi­lo­qe­lebs de­mos­Te­ne­sis
rCe­va rom mi­e­RoT, um­tkiv­ne­u­lod ai­Reb­dnen qa­laqs. mag­ram
akar­na­ne­le­bi Si­Sob­dnen, rom qa­la­qis xel­Si Cag­de­bis Sem­deg
aTe­ne­le­bi ki­dev uf­ro ara­sa­sur­ve­li me­zob­le­bi iq­ne­bod­nen,
vid­re am­pra­ki­e­le­bi.
akar­na­ne­leb­ma na­dav­lis me­sa­me­di aTe­ne­lebs da­uT­mes,
da­nar­Ce­ni ki Ta­vad ga­in
­ a­wi­les. Tum­ca aTe­nel­Ta wi­li mgzav­
ro­ba­Si da­i­kar­ga, xo­lo is, rac ati­kis taZ­reb­Sia ga­mod­gmu­
li, de­mos­Te­nes­ma Ca­mo­i­ta­na aTen­Si. am war­ma­te­bis Sem­deg
mas Ta­ma­mad Se­eZ­lo aTen­Si dab­ru­ne­ba. aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra ki
nav­paq­tos­Si dab­run­da.
aTe­nel­Ta was­vlis Sem­deg akar­na­ne­leb­ma da am­fi­lo­qe­leb­
ma gaq­ce­ul am­pra­ki­e­leb­sa da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs Ta­vi­suf­lad
was­vlis ne­ba mis­ces, er­Tma­neT­Si ki as­wli­a­ni kav­Si­ri da­des,
ri­Tac omi da­as­ru­les.
ima­ve zam­Tar­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma si­ci­li­a­Si hi­me­ra­i­as ol­qSi
de­san­ti ga­das­xes, si­ku­le­bi ki xme­le­TiT Se­iW­rnen iq. aTe­
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ne­leb­ma da­laS­qres ag­reT­ve eo­lo­sis kun­Zu­le­bi. regios­Si
dab­ru­ne­bu­lebs dax­vdaT pi­To­do­ro­si, ro­mel­sac la­qe­te­si
un­da Se­ec­va­la flo­tis sar­dlis Ta­nam­de­bo­ba­ze. es imi­tom
mox­da, rom aTe­nel­Ta si­ci­li­el­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma uf­ro Zli­e­ri
es­kad­ris gag­zav­na iTx­o­ves. ma­Ti mi­wa si­ra­ku­ze­lebs epy­raT da
zRvi­da­nac si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi axor­ci­e­leb­dnen blo­
ka­das. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes ga­eg­zav­naT or­mo­ci xo­mal­di,
ra­Ta, er­Ti mxriv, omi swra­fad da­es­ru­le­bi­naT, me­o­re mxriv
ki sab­rZo­lo pi­ro­beb­Si ga­mo­e­ca­daT flo­ti. maT gag­zav­nes
pi­To­do­ro­si ram­de­ni­me xo­mal­diT da Sem­dgom­Si so­fok­le­si­sa
da ev­ri­me­do­nis gag­zav­nas api­reb­dnen di­di es­kad­riT. pi­To­
do­ro­si zam­Tris mi­wu­ruls ga­e­mar­Ta lok­re­bis im si­mag­ris
wi­na­aR­mdeg, ro­me­lic ad­re la­qe­tes­ma ai­Ro. lok­reb­Tan wa­ru­
ma­te­be­li brZo­lis Sem­deg mas ukan da­xe­va mo­ux­da.
ga­zaf­xu­lis dam­degs si­ci­li­is yve­la­ze ma­Ra­li mTi­dan,
et­na­dan cecx­lo­va­ni na­ka­di amo­if­rqva da ka­ta­nel­Ta mi­we­bi
ga­a­nad­gu­ra. uka­nas­kne­li amof­rqve­va, ro­gorc am­bo­ben, or­moc­
da­a­Ti wlis win mox­da, sul ki eli­nebs sa­mi amof­rqve­va ax­sovT.
ase das­rul­da omis me­eq­vse we­li.
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me­oTxe wig­ni
Sem­deg zaf­xuls, xor­blis Se­mos­vli­sas si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi­sa
da lok­re­bis aT­-a­Ti xo­mal­di ga­e­mar­Ta me­se­na­Si meseniel­Ta­ve
miw­ve­viT. maT qa­la­qi da­i­ka­ves. ase da­kar­ges aTe­ne­leb­ma mesena.
si­ra­ku­ze­lebs es qa­la­qi im­de­nad ain­te­re­seb­daT, ram­de­na­dac
is Se­iZ­le­bo­da aTe­nel­TaT­vis si­ra­ku­za­ze di­di Tav­das­xmis
plac­dar­mad qce­u­li­yo. lok­re­bi ki am laS­qro­ba­Si re­gi­e­leb­
Tan mtro­bis ga­mo mo­na­wi­le­ob­dnen. lok­re­bi mTe­li laS­qriT
Se­iW­rnen re­gi­el­Ta mi­wa­ze, ra­Ta maT­Tvis mesenis dax­ma­re­bis
sa­Su­a­le­ba ar mi­e­caT. lok­rebs maT­Tan Tav­Se­fa­re­bu­li re­gi­
e­li dev­ni­le­bic agu­li­a­neb­dnen. re­gi­on­Si ki Si­na­aS­li­lo­ba
su­fev­da, qve­ya­nas ar Se­eZ­lo lok­re­bis gam­kla­ve­ba da lok­
re­bic Cqa­rob­dnen qa­la­qis aRe­bas. maT ga­a­Ca­na­ges qve­ya­na, Sek­
ri­bes di­di laS­qa­ri da xo­mal­de­bi al­ya­Se­mor­tymul mesena­Si
gag­zav­nes. sxva xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­vac da­iwy­es iq ga­sag­zav­nad,
ra­Ta iqi­dan mi­e­RoT mo­na­wi­le­o­ba sab­rZo­lo moq­me­de­beb­Si.
ima­ve dros pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi me­fe agi­
sis sar­dlo­biT isev Se­iW­rnen ati­ka­Si, da­ba­nak­dnen da qvey­nis
rbe­va da­iwy­es. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki aR­Wur­ves or­mo­ci xo­mal­di da
si­ci­li­a­ze so­fok­le­si­sa da ev­ri­me­do­nis sar­dlo­biT gag­zav­
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nes. maT da­e­va­laT gzad ker­ki­ra­ze Se­ev­loT da ker­ki­re­lebs
mix­ma­re­bod­nen is­to­ne­ze ga­mag­re­bul dev­ni­leb­Tan brZo­la­Si.
ki­dev uf­ro ad­re pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di gag­zav­
nes dev­ni­li oli­gar­qe­bis saS­ve­lad im ime­diT, rom Sim­Si­liT
ga­tan­jul qve­ya­nas io­lad da­i­mor­Ci­leb­dnen. de­mos­Te­ne­si
akar­na­ni­i­dan dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg aTen­Si cxov­rob­da, ro­gorc
ker­Zo pi­ri. aTe­ne­leb­ma mas ne­ba dar­Tes, ga­mo­e­ye­ne­bi­na es
or­mo­ci xo­mal­di pe­lo­po­ne­sis wyleb­Si.
gza­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­i­ges, rom pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ra uk­ve
ker­ki­ra­ze iyo. ev­ri­me­don­ma da so­fok­les­ma pir­da­pir ker­ki­ra­ze
was­vla ga­dawy­vi­tes. de­mos­Te­nes­ma ki ur­Cia maT, jer pi­los­Tan
SeCerebuliyvnen, mi­e­RoT sa­Wi­ro zo­me­bi da Sem­deg ga­e­cu­raT
ker­ki­ri­as­ken. sxva sar­dle­bi ar eTan­xme­bod­nen, mag­ram qa­riS­
xa­li amo­var­da da es­kad­ra pi­loss mi­a­ye­na. de­mos­Te­nes­ma ur­Ci­a,
ga­e­mag­re­bi­naT es ad­gi­li. igi Ta­vis­Ta­vad bu­neb­riv si­mag­res
war­mo­ad­gen­da, aq mo­i­po­ve­bo­da bev­ri sa­Se­ni ma­sa­la – qva da
xe-­tye; da gar­Se­mo ara­vin cxov­rob­da. igi spar­ti­dan oTx­a­si
sta­di­on
­ iT iyo da­So­re­bu­li. de­mos­Te­ne­sis az­riT, es mniS­vne­
lo­va­ni stra­te­gi­u­li pun­qti iyo. aq iyo nav­sad­gu­ri. Tu mas
ga­a­mag­reb­dnen da aq me­seni­e­lebs Ca­a­sax­leb­dnen, rom­le­bic
odiT­gan­ve cxov­rod­nen pi­los­Si da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis di­a­leq­
tze la­pa­ra­kob­dnen, la­ke­de­mo­nel­TaT­vis bev­ri zi­a­nis mo­ta­nas
SeZ­leb­dnen. TviT ad­gi­li ki io­li da­sa­ca­vi iq­ne­bo­da.
de­mos­Te­nes­ma verc sar­dle­bi da­ar­wmu­na da verc meb­rZo­
le­bi, mag­ram av­da­ri gag­rZel­da, xalxs usaq­mod yof­na mo­bez­
rda da ad­gi­lis ga­mag­re­bas Se­ud­gnen. be­ji­Tad mu­Sa­ob­dnen.
rad­gan qvis da­sa­mu­Sa­ve­be­li ia­ra­Ri Tan ar hqon­daT, qvebs
sa­gul­da­gu­lod ar­Cev­dnen da er­Tma­neTs ar­geb­dnen, Ti­xa ki
zur­giT ga­dah­qon­daT. mSe­neb­lo­bis das­ru­le­ba la­ke­de­mo­nel­
Ta mos­vlam­de surdaT. Tum­ca, mi­ud­go­mel ad­gi­las sa­mu­Sa­oc
bev­ri ar iyo.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ra­Racas dResaswaulobdnen, ro­de­sac
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pi­los­Si aTe­nel­Ta mis­vlis am­ba­vi Se­ity­ves. Ta­da­pir­ve­lad
mSvi­dad Sex­vdnen amas. isi­ni dar­wmu­ne­bu­le­bi iy­vnen, rom
pi­loss io­lad ai­Reb­dnen. na­wi­lob­riv maT isic ayov­neb­daT,
rom ma­Ti laS­qris na­wi­li ati­ka­Si iyo. aTe­ne­leb­ma eqvs dRe­Si
ga­a­mag­res pi­lo­sis mi­sad­go­me­bi xme­le­Tis mxri­dan, iq de­mos­
Te­ne­si da­to­ves xu­Ti xo­mal­diT, Ta­vad ki ker­ki­ri­sa da si­ci­
li­is­ken gas­wi­es.
ro­gorc ki aTe­nel­Ta mi­er pi­lo­sis da­ka­ve­bis am­bav­ma ati­
ka­Si myof pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bam­de mi­aR­wi­a, isi­ni sas­wra­fod ukan
ga­mob­run­dnen. me­fe agi­si pi­lo­sis ambebs qvey­nis­Tvis sa­xi­fa­
Tod mi­iC­nev­da, laS­qars ati­ka­Si ki uk­ve Sim­Si­li da uC­ve­u­lo
ua­min­do­ba awu­xeb­da. ami­tom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ati­ka­Si mxo­lod
TxuT­me­ti dRe dah­yves da ukan dab­run­dnen.
amasobaSi aTe­nel­ma si­mo­ni­des­ma pa­ta­ra raz­mi Sek­ri­ba da
men­da­i­el­Ta Tra­ki­u­li ko­lo­nia ei­o­na da­i­ka­va, mag­ram qal­ki­
del­Ta ie­riSs ver ga­uZ­lo da bev­ri xal­xi da­kar­ga.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta ati­ki­dan was­vlis Sem­deg spar­te­le­bi da
max­lob­lad mcxov­re­bi pe­ri­e­ke­bi pi­lo­si­sa­ken ga­e­mar­Tnen.
da­nar­Ce­ni la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Se­yov­ndnen, rad­gan axa­li dab­ru­ne­
bu­le­bi iy­vnen sxva laS­qro­bi­dan. mTel pe­lo­po­ness ub­rZa­nes,
pi­lo­sis­ken daZ­ru­li­yo da da­sax­ma­reb­lad ker­ki­ra­dan sa­mo­ci
xo­mal­di ga­mo­ix­mes. isi­ni lev­ka­das­Tan xme­le­TiT ga­da­aT­ri­es,
ra­Ta Za­kin­Tos­Tan mdgom aTe­nis es­kad­ras ar Se­em­Cni­a. Sem­deg
pi­loss mi­ad­gnen, sa­dac Sek­re­biliyo qve­i­Ti ja­ri.
sa­nam pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi jer ki­dev gza­Si iyo,
de­mos­Te­nes­ma wi­nas­war ga­ag­zav­na ori xo­mal­di ev­ri­me­don­Tan
Za­kin­Tos­Si da dax­ma­re­ba sTxo­va. aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra swra­fad
da­iZ­ra. ama­so­ba­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da­iwy­es pi­los­ze zRvi­
dan da xme­le­Ti­dan Se­te­vis sam­za­di­si. isi­ni fiq­rob­dnen, rom
naC­qa­re­vad age­bu­li si­mag­re io­lad da­e­ce­mo­da. gar­da ami­sa,
aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ris mo­lo­din­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs un­do­daT
Ca­e­ke­taT nav­sad­gur­Si Se­sas­vle­le­bi, Tu, ra Tqma unda, ma­nam­
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de pi­loss ver ai­Reb­dnen. pi­lo­sis ax­los mde­ba­re kun­Zu­li
sfaq­te­ria ga­da­Wi­mu­lia sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv, icavs nav­sad­gurs
da mis viw­ro Se­sas­vle­lebs. pi­lo­si­sa da aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­ris
mxri­dan er­Tdro­u­lad mxo­lod ori xo­mal­di Tu ga­iv­li­da.
me­o­re mxri­dan ki – ara ume­tes rva an cxra xo­mal­di­sa. TxuT­
me­ti sta­di­o­nis sig­rZis kun­Zu­li ukac­ri­e­lia da da­bu­ru­li
tyi­Taa da­fa­ru­li. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma nav­sad­gur­Si Se­sas­vle­li
xo­mal­de­biT Ca­ke­tes, kun­Zul­ze ki hop­li­te­bi ga­na­la­ges. ase
va­ra­u­dob­dnen da­ec­vaT ro­gorc kun­Zu­li, ase­ve xme­le­Ti da
aTe­nel­TaT­vis gad­mos­xdo­ma­Si xe­li Se­e­Sa­laT. pi­lo­sis sa­na­pi­
ro Ria zRvis mxri­dan mo­u­xer­xe­be­li iyo xo­mal­de­bis da­sa­ye­
neb­lad. ami­tom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi fiq­rob­dnen, rom aTe­ne­le­bi
aq gad­mos­xdo­mas ver mo­a­xer­xeb­dnen. Tvi­Ton la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
ki io­lad ai­Reb­dnen am cu­dad da­cul da sur­sa­TiT cu­dad mo­ma­
ra­ge­bul punqts sazR­vao brZo­lis ga­re­Se. am geg­mis Ta­nax­mad,
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma kun­Zul­ze oTx­a­s o­ci hop­li­ti ga­da­iy­ve­nes.
ama­so­ba­Si de­mos­Te­nes­ma zo­me­bi mi­iR
­ o xme­le­Ti­dan da zRvi­
dan er­Tdro­u­li Se­te­vis wi­na­aR­mdeg. mis xelT myo­fi sa­mi
tri­e­ri na­pir­ze amo­aT­ri­es, ked­leb­Tan ax­los, da xis me­se­
ri Se­mo­av­les. am xo­mal­de­bis eki­pa­Ji man ti­ri­fis fa­re­biT
Se­a­i­a­ra­Ra. am ukac­ri­el ad­gi­las fars ver iSo­vi­di. es fa­re­
bic de­mos­Te­nes­ma me­se­ni­el me­kob­re­Ta xo­mal­di­dan mi­i­Ro. am
xo­mal­dma Ca­mo­iy­va­na or­mo­ci me­se­ni­e­li hop­li­ti, rom­le­bic
de­mos­Te­ne­sis razms Se­u­er­Tdnen. Ta­vi­si xal­xis um­rav­le­so­ba,
ase­ve mZi­med Se­Wur­vi­li, man xme­le­Tis mxri­dan ga­na­la­ga, ra­Ta
qve­i­Ti ja­ris Se­te­va mo­e­ge­ri­e­bi­na. Tvi­Ton ki sa­mo­ci hop­li­
ti­Ta da ram­de­ni­me mSvil­dos­niT da­i­ka­va po­zi­cia sa­na­pi­ro­ze,
sa­dac mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges gadmosvla Se­eZ­lo. es ad­gi­li Zne­lad
mi­sad­go­mi iyo, mag­ram yve­la­ze nak­le­bad ga­mag­re­bu­lic da
Se­eZ­lo mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge mi­e­zi­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma, zRva­ze Ta­vi­si
upi­ra­te­so­bis ga­mo, sa­Wi­rod ar CaT­va­les am ad­gi­lis me­tad
ga­mag­re­ba. ax­la ki de­mos­Te­ne­si fiq­rob­da, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­
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ges Se­eZ­lo am na­wi­lis da­ka­ve­ba. ami­tom man sa­na­pi­ro­ze da­i­ka­va
po­zi­cia da hop­li­tebs ase mi­mar­Ta:
`me­om­re­bo, vinc Cem­Tan er­Tad ga­iz
­ i­a­reT saf­rTxe, nu ec­de­
biT da­fiq­rdeT ima­ze, ra gve­lis. um­jo­be­si­a, ga­mar­jve­bis
rwme­niT Se­veb­rZo­loT mters. ro­de­sac ar­Ce­va­ni ar gaqvs, ar
aris fiq­ris dro. sa­Wi­roa sis­wra­fe da ris­ki. me dar­wmu­ne­bu­li
var, ga­vi­mar­jvebT da ar Sev­drke­biT mra­val­ricx­o­va­ni mtris
wi­na­Se. Cve­ni po­zi­cia mo­sa­xer­xe­be­lia da did upi­ra­te­so­bas
gvaZ­levs, mag­ram Tu ukan da­vi­xevT, Cvens si­mag­res io­lad
ai­Re­ben. sa­nam mte­ri jer ki­dev xo­mal­deb­ze­a, uf­ro io­li­a,
isi­ni iq ga­va­Ce­roT. mag­ram ro­de­sac gad­mos­xde­bi­an, Cven­Tan
Ta­na­bar mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si aR­moC­nde­bi­an. ram­de­nic ar un­da iyos
mte­ri, ma­inc pa­ta­ra raz­me­bad gad­mos­xde­bi­an. aq xom sa­u­ba­ria
ara sax­me­le­To brZo­la­ze, sa­dac mtris ricx­vi ga­dam­wyve­
ti­a, ara­med xo­mal­de­bi­dan gad­mos­xdo­ma­ze. bev­ria amin­dzec
da­mo­ki­de­bu­li. ami­tom ma­Ti sir­Tu­le­e­bi awo­nas­wo­rebs Cven
mci­re­ricx­ov­ne­bas. aTe­ne­le­bo, Tqven mSve­niv­rad mo­gex­se­
ne­baT, ra rTu­lia ge­me­bi­dan gad­mos­xdo­ma, ro­de­sac me­to­qe
wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas gi­wevs da ukan ar ixevs. aA m­de­nad, me ve­li, rom
Tu ma­ma­cad id­ge­biT sa­na­pi­ro klde­eb­ze. ma­Sin Tqvenc ga­dar­
Ce­biT da am mi­wa­sac Se­i­nar­Cu­nebT.~
de­mos­Te­ne­sis sity­viT gam­xne­ve­bul­ma aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­ka­ves
po­zi­cia zRvis na­pir­ze. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ki er­Tdro­u­lad
da­iwy­es Stur­mi xme­le­Ti­dan da zRvi­dan. or­moc­da­sa­mi xo­mal­
dis­gan Sem­dgar es­kad­ras spar­te­li Tra­si­me­li­da­si sar­dlob­da.
is swo­red im ad­gils da­es­xa Tavs, sa­dac mas de­mos­Te­ne­si elo­
da. aTe­ne­le­bi med­grad ige­ri­eb­dnen me­to­qis Se­te­vebs. rad­gan
bev­ri xo­mal­di er­Tad ver ud­ge­bo­da na­pirs, spar­te­leb­ma
es­kad­ra pa­ta­ra jgu­fe­bad day­ves da rig­ri­go­biT cdi­lob­dnen
gad­mos­xdo­mas. isi­ni Tav­gan­wir­viT ib­rZod­nen da Se­Za­xi­le­biT
am­xne­veb­dnen er­Tma­neTs. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ga­mo­ir­Ce­o­da bra­si­da­
si, ro­me­lic tri­ers xel­mZRva­ne­lob­da. ro­de­sac igi am­Cnev­da,
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rom sxva xo­mal­de­bis me­Ta­u­re­bi mi­ud­go­mel ad­gils eri­de­bod­
nen da xo­mal­debs uf­rTxil­de­bod­nen, igi mo­u­wo­deb­da maT, ar
dae­xiaT ukan ram­de­ni­me fic­ris ga­da­sar­Ce­nad. mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ki
sTxov­da, la­ke­de­mo­nel­TaT­vis daeTmoT sa­ku­Ta­ri xo­mal­de­bi
da ne­bis­mi­er fa­sad ga­dam­sxda­riy­vnen na­pir­ze.
ase am­xne­veb­da igi sxvebs da Tvi­To­nac ma­ma­cu­rad ib­rZo­da,
sa­nam daW­ri­li ugo­nod ar da­e­ca. mi­si fa­ri zRva­Si Ca­var­da
da aTe­ne­leb­ma igi im na­davls Se­ma­tes, ro­me­lic mog­vi­a­ne­biT
ga­mar­jve­bis aR­sa­niS­na­vad da­ax­va­ves. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs mcde­
lo­ba ar da­uk­li­aT, mag­ram mi­ud­go­me­li na­pi­ri­sa da aTe­nel­Ta
med­ga­ri wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ga­mo ga­das­vla ver mo­a­xer­xes. sa­o­
ca­ri ram iyo – aTe­ne­lebs brZo­la ux­de­bo­daT xme­leT­ze da
Ta­nac la­ko­ni­is mi­wa­ze la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta xo­mal­deb­Tan, xo­lo
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi cdi­lob­dnen xo­mal­de­bi­dan ga­dam­sxda­riy­
vnen sa­ku­Tar mi­wa­ze, ro­me­lic mtris xelT iyo. im dros xom
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi sa­u­ke­Te­so sax­me­le­To meb­rZo­le­bad iT­vle­
bod­nen, xo­lo aTe­ne­le­bi – sa­u­ke­Te­so zRva­os­ne­bad.
or dRes la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi uSe­de­god cdi­lob­dnen na­pir­ze
gad­mos­vlas. me­sa­me dRes ram­de­ni­me xo­mal­di asi­na­Si gag­zav­nes,
ra­Ta sam­xed­ro man­qa­ne­bis­Tvis mo­re­bi Ca­mo­e­ta­naT. am man­qa­ne­bis
sa­Su­al
­ e­biT apirebdnen da­en­gri­aT ke­de­li ga­lav­nis mxri­dan,
ke­de­li, mar­Ta­li­a, ma­Ra­li iyo, mag­ram iq gad­mos­xdo­ma – uf­ro
mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li. ama­so­ba­Si, Za­kin­To­si­dan Ca­mo­vi­da aTe­nel­Ta
or­mo­ci xo­mal­di (es­kad­ras Se­e­ma­ta ram­de­ni­me xo­mal­di nav­paq­
to­si­dan da qi­o­si­dan). maT sa­na­pi­ro da kun­Zu­li mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis
mi­er da­ka­ve­bu­li dax­vdaT. ami­tom Ra­me zRva­Si ga­a­ta­res. me­o­re
dRes aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra mzad iyo Ria zRva­Si brZo­lisTvis,
Tu me­to­qe amas ga­be­dav­da, Tu ara da, Tavad das­xmo­da Tavs
nav­sad­gurs. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi arc zRva­Si gasulan da arc
nav­sad­gu­ris Se­sas­vle­li Ca­uke­tavT. isi­ni mSvi­dad elod­nen
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis Se­te­vas.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ori­ve Se­sas­vle­li­dan Se­aR­wi­es nav­sad­gur­Si
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da mtris ge­mebs Se­u­ti­es. mte­ri uku­iq­ca. dev­ni­sas aTe­ne­leb­ma
da­a­zi­an­ es mra­va­li xo­mal­di, xo­lo xu­Ti xelT ig­des. maT So­ris,
er­Ti – eki­paJ­Tan er­Tad. aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­ut
­ i­es sxva xo­mal­deb­sac,
rom­le­bic na­pir­Tan eZeb­dnen Tav­Se­sa­fars. ram­de­ni­me xo­malds
gver­di ga­ux­vri­tes, sa­nam isi­ni zRva­Si Ses­vlas mo­as­wreb­dnen.
sxva xo­mal­de­bis eki­pa­Je­bi ga­iq­cnen da aTe­ne­leb­ma ca­ri­el
­ i
xo­mal­de­bi wa­aT­ri­es buq­si­riT. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Zal­ze wux­
dnen yo­ve­li­ve amis gamo. pir­vel rig­Si ki, kun­Zul­ze dar­Ce­ni­li
xal­xi adar­deb­daT. mZi­med Se­Wur­vi­li qve­i­Te­bi wyal­Si xte­bod­
nen da xo­mal­debs na­pi­ris­ken eqa­Ce­bod­nen. Ti­To­e­u­ls egona,
rom mis ga­re­Se yve­la­fe­ri da­i­Ru­pe­bo­da. xo­mal­de­bis gar­Se­mo
di­di are­u­lo­ba iyo. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebi er­Tma­ne­Tis taq­ti­kas
iyenebdnen. Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qvas, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi sazR­vao
brZo­las awar­mo­eb­dnen xme­le­Ti­dan, xo­lo aTe­ne­le­bi – sax­me­le­
To brZo­las xo­mal­de­bi­dan. sis­xlis­mRvre­li brZo­la did­xans
gag­rZel­da. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­da­ar­Ci­nes ram­de­ni­me xo­mal­di.
Sem­deg mxa­re­eb­ma Ta­vi­si po­zi­ci­e­bi da­i­ka­ves. aTe­ne­leb­ma aR­mar­
Tes ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni, Se­ag­ro­ves xo­mal­de­bis nam­tvre­ve­bi da
cxed­re­bi da­ub­ru­nes mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges. maT sas­wra­fod ga­ag­zav­nes
xo­mal­de­bi, ra­Ta Tval­yu­ri edev­ne­bi­naT kun­Zul­ze dar­Ce­ni­li
raz­mis­Tvis. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ki xme­leT­ze
id­gnen pi­los­Tan.
ro­de­sac am brZo­lis am­bav­ma spar­tas mi­aR­wi­a, la­ke­de­mo­
ne­le­bi mix­vdnen, rom maT di­di ube­du­re­ba da­aty­daT Tavs.
sas­wra­fod gag­zav­nes umaR­le­si Ta­nam­de­bo­bis pi­re­bi sa­na­pi­
ro­ze, ra­Ta ad­gil­ze ga­er­kvi­aT vi­Ta­re­ba da mi­e­RoT zo­me­bi.
isi­ni dar­wmun­dnen, rom kun­Zul­ze dar­Ce­nil­Ta gan­Ta­vi­suf­
le­ba Se­uZ­le­be­lia da, rad­gan isi­ni da­sa­Ru­pad ar eme­te­bo­daT,
ga­dawy­vi­tes da­za­ve­ba aTe­nel sar­dleb­Tan da aTen­Si sam­Svi­
do­bo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­beb­ze el­Ce­bis gag­zav­na.
aTe­nel­ma sar­dleb­ma mi­i­Res wi­na­da­de­ba da Sem­deg pi­ro­
beb­iT da­u­zav­dnen maT: la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs un­da ga­da­e­caT aTe­
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nel­TaT­vis ma­Ti xo­mal­de­bi da Ta­vi Se­e­ka­ve­bi­naT pi­los­ze
Tav­das­xmis­gan. aTe­ne­lebs un­da mi­e­caT maT­Tvis sa­Su­a­le­ba,
mi­e­wo­de­bi­naT sur­sa­Ti kun­Zul­ze myof­TaT­vis dad­ge­ni­li
nor­miT: er­Ti ga­mom­cxva­ri pu­ri, co­ta­o­de­ni xor­ci, ori ati­
ku­ri qo­i­niq­si fqvi­li da ori ko­ti­la Rvi­no kac­ze. msa­xurs
ki – amis na­xe­va­ri. aTe­ne­lebs Se­eZ­loT kun­Zu­lis blo­ka­da,
mag­ram ek­rZa­le­bo­daT mas­ze ga­das­vla. da­za­ve­ba Za­la­Si un­da
yo­fi­li­yo la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta el­Ce­bis aTe­ni­dan dab­ru­ne­bam­de.
el­Ce­bi aTe­nu­ri tri­e­riT im­gzav­reb­dnen. el­Ce­bis dab­ru­ne­bis
Sem­deg aTe­ne­lebs un­da da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta xo­mal­
de­bi im mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si, ro­gor­Sic Ca­ib
­ a­res. da­za­ve­bis­Ta­na­ve
aTe­ne­lebs ga­da­e­ca sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di da el­Ce­bi ga­em­gzav­rnen.
iq rom Ca­vid­nen, ase­Ti sity­va war­moT­qves:
`a­Te­ne­le­bo, Cven ga­mog­vgzav­nes la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma, ra­Ta
mo­vi­la­pa­ra­koT kun­Zul­ze myo­fi Cve­ni xal­xis bed­ze. iq­neb
mi­vaR­wi­oT iseT Se­Tan­xme­bas, ro­me­lic da­gak­ma­yo­fi­lebT Tqven
da Cvenc Rir­se­bas Seg­vi­nar­Cu­nebs wa­ge­bu­li brZo­lis Sem­deg.
vrceli ­sa­ub­riT ar da­var­RvevT Cvens wess. mok­led ma­Sin un­da
moW­ra, sa­dac zed­me­ti sity­ve­bi sa­Wi­ro ar aris. mag­ram Cven ar
ga­vur­bi­varT arc grZel ga­mos­vlas, Tu sa­Wi­ro­eb
­ a amas mo­iTx­
ovs. nu mi­i­RebT Cvens sity­vebs mtru­lad. Cven eW­vi ar gve­pa­re­
ba eW­vi Tqvens go­ni­e­re­ba­Si da ar va­pi­rebT, Wkua gas­wav­loT.
Cven mog­mar­TavT, ro­gorc ada­mi­a­nebs, vi­sac Se­uZ­lia swo­rad
gan­sja, da gTxovT, mi­i­RoT swo­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba. Tqven karg
mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si xarT. be­dis wya­lo­biT, Tqven Se­giZ­li­aT Se­i­
nar­Cu­noT sam­flo­be­lo­e­bi, mo­ip
­ o­voT pa­ti­vis­ce­ma da sa­xe­li,
Tu ar ga­im
­ e­o­rebT im xal­xis Sec­do­mas, vi­sac mo­u­lod­ne­lad
gauRima bedma. ase­Ti xal­xi xom yo­vel­Tvis met­ze oc­ne­bobs,
rad­gan bed­ni­e­re­ba maT­Tvis mo­u­lod­ne­li­a. maT ki, vi­sac be­dis
ukuR­mar­To­ba ga­nuc­di­a, nak­le­bi sa­fuZ­ve­li aqvs, en­dos miR­
we­uls. Tqven es ga­moc­di­le­biT iciT, Cven ki mi­T u­me­tes un­da
gvax­sov­des.
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ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bi­sas ga­iT­va­lis­wi­neT ax­lan­de­li
ube­du­re­ba. aqam­de Cven elin­Ta udi­de­si pa­ti­vis­ce­miT vsar­geb­
lob­diT da mig­vaC­nda, rom Cven­zea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li mSvi­do­bis
Se­sa­xeb sxvi­si Txov­nis dak­ma­yo­fi­le­ba. ax­la ki mTxov­ne­le­bi
varT. Cven dav­mar­cxdiT ara imi­tom, rom dav­kar­geT sam­xed­ro
Za­la an bo­ro­tad ga­mo­vi­ye­neT igi, ara­med imi­tom, rom ub­ra­
lod Sev­cdiT. es ne­bis­mi­ers Se­iZ­le­ba da­e­mar­Tos. ami­tom nurc
Tqven ifiq­rebT, rom mud­mi­vad ga­gi­mar­TlebT. go­ni­e­ri xal­xi
arc zed­me­tad en­do­ba iR­bals da arc ga­sa­Wir­Si mi­e­ce­ma sa­so­
war­kve­Tas, rad­gan es­mis, rom omis msvle­lo­ba da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia
ara mis ne­ba­ze, ara­med bed­ze. ase­Ti xal­xi nak­le­bad var­de­ba
gan­sac­del­Si, rad­gan war­ma­te­ba maT ar ab­ru­ebs. isini swo­
red ma­Sin ari­an mzad Se­ri­ge­bis­Tvis, ro­de­sac be­di uRi­miT.
am­de­nad, Cven­Tan Se­Tan­xme­ba Tqven­Tvis sa­pa­ti­o­a, ra­Ta mo­ma­
val­Si, Tu be­di gim­tyu­nebT da da­mar­cxde­biT, es ga­mar­jve­ba
Sem­Txve­vi­To­bad ar Ca­iT­va­los. Tu Cvens pi­ro­bebs mi­i­RebT,
STa­mo­mav­lo­ba da­a­fa­sebs Tqvens Za­la­sa da ke­Til­go­ni­e­re­
bas. da­vas­ru­loT omi! Cven gTa­va­zobT mSvi­do­bas, kav­Sir­sa
da me­gob­ro­bas. sa­ma­gi­er
­ od, gTxovT Ta­vi­suf­le­bas kun­Zul­ze
myof­TaT­vis. Cven dar­wmu­ne­bu­le­bi varT, rom mtro­ba Se­iZ­le­ba
das­rul­des, Tu da­mar­cxe­buls Tavs ar mo­ax­ve­ven usa­mar­Tlo
mSvi­do­bas. mSvi­do­ba bev­rad uf­ro mtki­ce iq­ne­ba, Tu ga­mar­
jve­bu­li sa­mar­Tli­a­nad da ke­Til­So­bi­lu­rad mo­eq­ce­va mters.
ma­Sin mte­ri aRar ifiq­rebs Su­ris­Zi­e­ba­ze. Ta­vis mxriv, ga­mo­i­
Cens ke­Til­So­bi­le­bas da ec­de­ba mSvi­do­bis dac­vas.
um­jo­be­sia, Cve­ni qvey­ne­bi axlave Se­rig­dnen, sa­nam ra­Rac
ga­mo­us­wo­re­be­li ar mom­xda­ra, rac sa­mu­da­mod gvaq­cevs Cven
ara mxo­lod Tqve­ni qvey­nis, ara­med Tqvens pi­rad mtre­bad.
Tqven ki da­kar­gavT im upi­ra­te­so­bas, ro­mel­sac ax­la gTa­va­
zobT. sa­nam omis be­di ki­dev ga­ur­kve­ve­li­a, Tqven Se­giZ­li­aT
er­Tdro­u­lad mo­i­po­voT sa­xe­li da Cve­ni me­gob­ro­ba, xo­lo Cven,
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­biT, mZi­me msxver­plis ga­re­Se av­cde­biT
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sir­cxvils. mo­diT, ami­e­ri­dan mSvi­do­bi­a­nad vicx­ov­roT da
bo­lo mo­vu­RoT elin­Ta ube­du­re­bas. eli­ne­bi amas Tqven dam­
sa­xu­re­bad CaT­vli­an. maT xom ar ici­an, vin da­iwyo es omi, da
Tu ax­la Tqven mas da­am­Tav­rebT, Tqve­ni mad­lob­le­bi iq­ne­bi­an.
ax­la Tu mSvi­do­ba­ze da­Tan­xmde­biT, mo­ip­ o­vebT la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
me­gob­ro­bas. da­fiq­rdiT im mo­ge­ba­ze, ro­mel­sac Cve­ni qvey­ne­bi
na­xa­ven. Cven Tu sa­er­To azrs ga­mov­TqvamT, da­nar­Ce­ni ela­da
di­di mo­wi­we­biT mo­e­ki­de­ba mas.~
ase la­pa­ra­kob­dnen la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, rad­gan dar­wmu­ne­bu­
le­bi iy­vnen, rom aTe­ne­lebs mSvi­do­ba swyu­ro­daT da aqam­de
es imi­tom ar mox­da, rom Tvi­Ton ar un­do­daT, xo­lo Tu ax­la
aTe­ne­lebs mSvi­do­bas Ses­Ta­va­ze­ben, isi­ni si­xa­ru­liT da­Tan­
xmde­bi­an da ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­le­ben kun­Zul­ze myofT. aTe­ne­le­bi ki,
pi­ri­qiT, fiq­rob­dnen, rom swo­red ax­la, ro­de­sac la­ke­de­mo­ne­
le­bi xel­Si hyavT, mSvi­do­ba ar­sad ga­eq­ce­vaT, da bev­rad mets
iTx­ov­dnen. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT aqe­zeb­da maT kle­o­ni, im dro­i­saT­vis
yve­la­ze gav­le­ni­a­ni be­la­di. man ur­Cia xalxs, ia­ra­Ri ah­ya­ron
kun­Zul­ze myof la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs da aTen­Si Ca­mo­iy­va­non isi­ni.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma un­da daT­mon qvey­ne­bi, rom­le­bic wi­na xel­
Sek­ru­le­biT mi­i­Res. mxo­lod amis Sem­deg da­ib­ru­ne­ben tyve­ebs
da da­id
­ e­ba sam­Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­ru­le­ba.
es moTx­ov­ne­bi la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ar uar­yves, mxo­lod Ses­
Ta­va­zes aTe­ne­lebs, Se­er­Ci­aT uf­le­ba­mo­si­li pi­re­bi, vinc
mSvi­dad ga­ni­xi­lav­da xel­Sek­ru­le­bis cal­ke­ul punqtebs. ma­Sin
kle­on­ma ga­nacx­a­da, rom el­Ceb­ma, Tu ke­Ti­li gan­zrax­va aqvT,
sa­id
­ um­lo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi ki ar unda awar­mo­on pa­ta­ra jguf­
Tan, sa­xal­xo kre­bas un­da mi­mar­Ton. la­ke­de­mo­ne­li el­Ce­bi
mix­vdnen, rom sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze ga­mos­vla maT xels ar aZ­lev­
daT. da­mar­cxe­bis Sem­deg isi­ni gar­kve­ul daT­mo­beb­ze un­da
wa­su­liy­vnen. maT eSi­no­daT, rom es daT­mo­be­bi mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bas ga­mo­iw­vev­da. aTe­ne­le­bi ki ar da­Tan­xmde­bod­nen
mi­sa­Reb pi­ro­beb­ze. ami­tom el­Ceb­ma aTe­ni da­to­ves.
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pi­los­Si el­Ce­bis dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg da­za­ve­ba das­rul­da da
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma, mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis Ta­nax­mad, Ta­vi­si xo­mal­de­bis
dab­ru­ne­ba mo­iTx­o­ves. mag­ram aTe­ne­le­bi eda­ve­bod­nen maT sxva­
das­xva mci­re dar­Rve­vis ga­mo da xo­mal­debs ar ub­ru­neb­dnen.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi am dar­Rve­vebs ar aRi­a­reb­dnen. maT ga­nacx­a­
des, rom xo­mal­de­bis mi­ta­ce­ba usin­di­so­ba iyo, da sam­xed­ro
moq­me­de­be­bi ga­na­ax­les.
pi­los­Tan om­ma axa­li Za­liT ifeT­qa. dRi­siT aTe­nel­Ta ori
xo­mal­di da­cu­rav­da kun­Zu­lis gar­Se­mo, Ra­miT ki mTe­li es­kad­
ra iq uS­veb­da Ru­zas. aTe­ne­lebs ki­dev oci xo­mal­di Se­mo­e­ma­ta
da ma­Ti ricx­vi sa­moc­da­a­Tam­de ga­i­zar­da. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ki
Ta­vi­si ba­na­ki­dan es­xmod­nen Tavs aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­re­ebs da xel­
say­rel mo­ments uc­did­nen, rom Ta­vi­si­a­ne­bi ga­e­Ta­vi­suf­le­bi­naT.
ama­so­ba­Si si­ci­li­a­ze si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi
ax­lad aR­Wur­vi­li xo­mal­de­biT Se­u­er­Tdnen mesenas­Tan mdgom
es­kad­ras, ra­Ta sa­om­ a­ri moq­me­de­ba da­ewy­oT. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT aqe­
zeb­dnen maT re­gi­el­Ta mi­marT mtru­lad gan­wyo­bi­li lok­re­bi.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma sazR­vao brZo­la ga­dawy­vi­tes. isi­ni xe­dav­dnen,
rom aq aTe­ne­lebs co­ta xo­mal­di hyav­daT, xo­lo aTe­nel­Ta di­di
es­kad­ra kun­Zu­lis al­yiT iyo da­ka­ve­bu­li. zRva­ze ga­mar­jve­bis
Sem­deg lok­rebs ime­di hqon­daT, rom io­lad ai­Reb­dnen regios
da amiT Ta­vis mdgo­ma­re­o­bas ga­nim­tki­ceb­dnen. regiosi ita­li­is
uki­du­re­si wer­ti­li­a, mesena ki – si­ci­li­is. isi­ni er­Tma­neT­Tan
ax­los mde­ba­re­o­ben da aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi uk­ve ve­Rar iba­
to­neb­dnen sru­te­ze. am sru­tes qa­rib­da ewo­de­ba. gad­mo­ce­miT,
aq ga­i­a­ra odi­sev­sma Ta­vi­si xo­mal­diT. mi­si si­viw­ro­vi­sa da
swra­fi di­ne­bis ga­mo, igi sa­mar­Tli­a­nad iT­vle­ba sa­xi­fa­Tod.
am sru­te­Si si­ra­ku­zel­Ta da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta oc­da­aT­ze me­ti
xo­mal­di Tavs da­es­xa aTe­nel­Ta Teq­vsmet da re­gi­el­Ta rva
xo­malds. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­i­mar­jves. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi sas­wra­fod
gab­run­dnen ukan. amas­Tan, maT er­Ti xo­mal­di da­kar­ges. brZo­la
Ra­miT Sewy­da. amis Sem­deg lok­reb­ma da­to­ves re­gi­el­Ta mi­wa,
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xo­lo si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi mesenas­Tan mog­rov­dnen da
Ru­za Ca­uS­ves sax­me­le­To laS­qris ba­na­kis max­lob­lad. ro­de­
sac aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta xo­mal­de­bi da­i­na­xes, Se­u­
ti­es maT, Tum­ca Tvi­To­nac da­kar­ges er­Ti xo­mal­di, ro­me­lic
mter­ma rki­nis ka­u­WiT da­i­Wi­ra. eki­paJ­ma ga­dar­Ce­na mo­a­xer­xa.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi kvlav das­xdnen xo­mal­deb­ze da na­pi­ris gas­
wvriv ga­cu­res. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki ga­dawy­vi­tes maT­ze Tav­das­xma,
mag­ram si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi mo­u­lod­ne­lad Ria zRva­Si ga­vid­nen da
pir­ve­leb­ma Se­u­ti­es mters. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki­dev er­Ti xo­mal­di
da­kar­ges. am­de­nad, si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma war­ma­te­biT mo­ig
­ e­ri­es mte­
ri da mSvi­do­bi­a­nad mi­aR­wi­es mesenas nav­sad­gurs.
ama­so­ba­Si, aTe­ne­leb­ma, rom­leb­mac ga­i­ges, rom ar­qi­os­ma
da mis­ma mom­xre­eb­ma ka­ma­ri­ne si­ra­ku­ze­lebs ga­das­ces, iqiT
gas­cu­res.
mesenieleb­ma ki Ta­vi­si ja­ri­Ta da xo­mal­de­biT qal­ki­del­Ta
naq­sos­ze ga­i­laS­qres. pir­ve­li­ve dRes maT ai­Zu­les naq­so­se­le­
bi, qa­laq­Si Ca­ke­ti­liy­vnen da ma­Ti mi­wis rbe­va da­iwy­es. me­o­re
dRes xo­mal­deb­ma Se­mo­u­a­res koncxs naq­so­sis sam­xre­TiT, xo­lo
sax­me­le­To jar­ma qa­la­qis Stur­mi da­iwy­o. am dros mTe­bi­dan
si­ku­le­bi da­eS­vnen da mesenie­lebs da­es­xnen Tavs. am am­bav­ma
naq­so­se­le­bi ga­am­xne­va. isi­ni uec­rad ga­mo­vid­nen qa­la­qi­dan,
Se­u­ti­es mesenie­lebs da uku­aq­ci­es isi­ni. aTa­si ka­ci ki da­xo­ces.
da­nar­Ce­ni mesenie­le­bi di­di ga­Wir­ve­biT dab­run­dnen sax­lSi.
gza­Si bev­ri da­i­Ru­pa bar­ba­ro­seb­Tan Se­ta­ke­bis dros. amis Sem­
deg mesena­Si Ca­su­li xo­mal­de­bic sa­Ti­Ta­od gab­run­dnen Sin.
le­on­ti­ne­le­bi da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi aTe­ne­leb­Tan er­Tad
ga­e­mar­Tnen mesena­ze sa­laS­qrod. isi­ni did wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas
ar elod­nen meseniel­Ta uka­nas­kne­li mar­cxis Sem­deg. mo­kav­
Si­re­e­bi xme­le­Ti­dan utev­dnen qa­laqs, aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra ki
nav­sad­gurs da­es­xa Tavs. mesenie­le­bi da maT da­sax­ma­reb­lad
dar­Ce­ni­li lok­re­bi mo­ul
­ od­ne­lad ga­mo­vid­nen qa­la­qi­dan, Tavs
da­es­xnen le­on­ti­ne­lebs da uku­aq­ci­es isi­ni. es rom da­i­na­xes,
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aTe­ne­leb­ma gad­mos­xes de­san­ti da mesenie­le­bi kvlav qa­laq­Si
Se­re­kes. maT ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da regios­Si dab­
run­dnen. amis Sem­deg aTe­ne­lebs aRar mi­u­Ri­aT mo­na­wi­le­o­ba
si­ci­li­a­ze sax­me­le­To brZo­leb­Si.
ama­so­ba­Si pi­los­Tan aTe­ne­lebs al­ya­Si hyav­daT kun­Zul­ze
dar­Ce­ni­li la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, xo­lo pe­lo­po­ne­sis sax­me­le­To
laS­qa­ri ad­gil­ze id­ga. sak­ve­bi­sa da mtkna­ri wylis nak­le­bo­bis
ga­mo, kun­Zu­lis blo­ka­da aTe­nel­TaT­vi­sac mtan­jve­li gax­da.
iq mxo­lod er­Ti pa­ta­ra wya­ro iyo ak­ro­po­lis­ze. me­om­re­bi
sa­na­pi­ro­ze or­mo­ebs Txrid­nen da uvar­gis wyals svam­dnen.
viw­ro sa­na­pi­ro zol­Si, sa­dac aTe­ne­le­bi da­ba­nak­dnen, ar iyo
sak­ma­ri­si ad­gi­li, xo­lo xo­mal­debs ar hqon­daT usaf­rTxo nav­
sa­yu­de­li. maT rig­ri­go­biT uwev­daT sur­sa­Tis mo­sa­po­veb­lad
gas­vla da Ria zRva­Si Ru­zis CaS­ve­ba. aTe­ne­lebs yve­la­ze me­tad
mainc is Trgu­nav­da, rom al­ya Wi­a­nur­de­bo­da. ma­Ti gaT­vliT
ukac­ri­el kun­Zul­ze saW­mel­-sas­me­lis ga­re­Se dar­Ce­ni­li mte­ri
ram­de­ni­me dRe­Si da­neb­de­bo­da. xan­grZli­vi wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba ki
imiT aix­sne­bo­da, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma di­di jil­do da­a­we­ses
maT­Tvis, vinc kun­Zul­ze sak­vebs Ca­it
­ an­da, he­lo­tebs ami­saT­vis
Ta­vi­suf­le­bas aZ­lev­dnen. mar­Tlac, zo­gi axer­xeb­da kun­Zul­
ze saW­mlis Ca­ta­nas.
ro­de­sac aTen­Si pi­los­Tan mdgo­mi laS­qris ga­sa­Wi­ri ga­i­ges,
xal­xi Se­Sin­da, rom maT zam­Tar­Si blo­ka­dis mox­sna mo­uw
­ ev­daT.
am dros ja­ris sur­sa­TiT mo­ma­ra­ge­ba Se­uZ­le­be­li gax­de­bo­da,
xo­lo aras­rul­fa­so­va­ni blo­ka­dis pi­ro­beb­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­
bi av­dar­Si SeZ­leb­dnen kun­Zu­lis da­to­ve­bas im na­ve­biT, rom­
le­bi­Tac maT­Tvis sur­sa­Ti mih­qon­daT. yve­la­ze me­tad ki maT
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta saq­ci­e­li aS­fo­Teb­daT, rad­gan isi­ni mSvi­do­bas
aRar sTa­va­zob­dnen, maT ra­Ra­cis ime­di un­da hqo­no­daT. ax­la
ki ina­nes, rom dro­u­lad ar mi­i­Res ma­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba.
ro­de­sac kle­on­ma Se­ity­o, rom mas mSvi­do­bis mo­wi­na­aR­mde­
ged mi­iC­ne­ven, pi­lo­si­dan Ca­mo­su­li el­Ce­bi tyu­il­Si da­a­da­na­
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Sa­u­la. mag­ram is xal­xi mtki­ced id­ga sa­ku­Tar az­rze da ma­Ti
naTqvamis ad­gil­ze Se­mow­me­bas iTx­ov­da. am miz­ni­saT­vis Tvi­Ton
kle­o­ni Se­ar­Ci­es. kle­ons es­mo­da, rom an im xal­xis naTqvami
un­da da­ed
­ as­tu­re­bi­na, vinc man tyu­il­Si da­a­da­na­Sa­u­la, an Tvi­
Ton ec­ru­a. ma­Sin man ur­Cia aTe­ne­lebs, dro aRar da­e­kar­gaT
da, Tu cno­ba si­mar­Tled mi­aC­ndaT, pi­lo­sis­ken da­ma­te­bi­Ti
ja­ri ga­eg­zav­naT mtris sa­bo­lo­od ga­sa­nad­gu­reb­lad. amas­Tan,
kle­on­ma ga­dah­kra mis­Tvis sa­Zul­vel stra­te­gos ni­ki­ass da
Tqva, rom sar­dlebs, vaJ­ka­ce­bi rom yo­fi­liy­vnen, sak­ma­ri­si
Za­la hqon­daT kun­Zu­lis da­sa­ka­veb­lad.
xal­xi aRaS­fo­Ta am sity­veb­ma, xo­lo ni­ki­as­ma ga­nacx­a­da, rom
kle­ons Se­uZ­lia wa­iy­va­nos im­de­ni xo­mal­di, ram­de­nic un­da, da
pi­los­Si wa­vi­des. Ta­vi­dan kle­ons ego­na, rom ni­ki­a­si mxo­lod
sity­viT uT­mob­da mas sar­dlo­bas da da­Tan­xmda, mag­ram Sem­deg
mix­vda, rom xa­fan­gSi ga­e­ba da uar­yo es wi­na­da­de­ba im sa­ba­biT,
rom stra­te­go­si ni­ki­a­si iyo. ma­Sin ni­ki­as­ma ga­u­me­o­ra Se­Ta­va­
ze­ba da Ta­nam­de­bo­bi­dan ga­dad­ga. rac uf­ro me­tad ua­rob­da
kle­o­ni sar­dlo­bas, miT me­tad mo­iTx­ov­da xal­xi mis pi­los­Si
gag­zav­nas. bo­los kle­o­ni iZu­le­bu­li gax­da, da­Tan­xme­bu­li­yo.
man ga­nacx­a­da, rom ar wa­iy­vans mo­qa­la­qe­ebs da das­jer­de­ba
qa­laq­Si myof mo­kav­Si­re­ebs. am Za­le­biT igi an oc dRe­Si Ca­mo­
iy­vans daty­ve­ve­bul la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs aTen­Si, an kun­Zul­ze­ve
da­xo­cavs maT. kle­o­nis tra­ba­xi aTe­ne­lebs sa­sa­ci­lod eC­ve­naT,
mag­ram ma­inc kma­yo­fi­le­bi iy­vnen: an kle­ons mo­i­So­reb­dnen, an
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs da­i­mor­Ci­leb­dnen.
ka­ma­Tis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma kle­o­ni air­Ci­es sazR­vao laS­
qro­bis sar­dlad. kle­on­ma Ta­na­Sem­wed de­mos­Te­ne­si da­a­sa­xe­la
da da­uy­ ov­neb­liv zRva­Si ga­vi­da. de­mos­Te­ne­si kle­on­ma imi­tom
Se­ar­Ci­a, rom mi­si kun­Zul­ze Tav­das­xmis sur­vi­li ico­da. de­mos­
Te­ne­sis raz­mi did ga­sa­Wir­Si iyo da Tavs al­ya­Si moq­ce­ul
­ eb­ze
ukeT ar grZnob­da. maT sur­daT sas­wra­fod da­ewy­oT ie­ri­Si.
de­mos­Te­ne­si kun­Zul­ze ga­Ce­nil­ma xan­Zar­mac ga­am­xne­va. ad­re
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mas aSi­neb­da kun­Zul­ze ga­das­vla. kun­Zu­li tyiT iyo da­fa­ru­
li, rac mters upi­ra­te­so­bas aZ­lev­da. da­bu­rul tye­Si pa­ta­ra
raz­msac Se­eZ­lo mom­xvdur­TaT­vis di­di wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ga­we­va.
de­mos­Te­ness eto­li­u­ri laS­qro­bis mwa­re ga­moc­di­le­ba
ax­sov­da. mi­si meb­rZo­le­bi frTxi­lad ga­da­vid­nen kun­Zul­ze,
iq da­ba­nak­dnen da sak­ve­bis mom­za­de­ba da­iwy­es. er­Tma aTe­nel­
ma Sem­Txve­viT xan­Za­ri ga­a­Ci­na, amo­var­dnil­ma qar­ma ki is mTel
kun­Zul­ze ga­av­rce­la da tyec ga­da­iw­va.
ax­la de­mos­Te­ness ukeT Se­eZ­lo mtris Tval­Tva­li. man
aR­mo­a­Ci­na, rom kun­Zul­ze bev­ri xal­xi iyo da ie­ri­Si­saT­vis
sam­za­di­ss Seudga. ama­so­ba­Si kle­o­ni pi­los­Si Ca­vi­da. sar­
dleb­ma sas­wra­fod gag­zav­nes mac­ne mtris ba­nak­Si m
­ oTx­ov­niT,
kun­Zul­ze myofT ia­ra­Ri da­e­ya­raT.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma uar­yves es wi­na­da­de­ba. aTe­ne­leb­ma er­Ti
dRe mo­i­ca­des, Sem­deg ki das­xes hop­li­te­bi xo­mal­deb­ze da
gam­Te­ni­is
­ as kun­Zul­ze ori­ve mxri­dan ga­das­xdnen. da­ax­lo­e­biT
rva­a­si ka­ci swra­fad da­iZ­ra mtris wi­na­aR­mdeg. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
kun­Zul­ze ase iy­vnen gan­la­ge­bu­li: pir­vel sa­gu­Sa­gos oc­da­a­Ti
hop­li­ti icav­da, cen­trSi, wya­ros max­lob­lad, da­ba­na­ke­bu­li
iy­vnen Zi­ri­Ta­di Za­le­bi epi­ta­da­sis sar­dlo­biT, xo­lo kun­Zu­
lis uki­du­res na­wils, pi­lo­sis max­lob­lad, ki­dev er­Ti pa­ta­ra
raz­mi icav­da. es ad­gi­li yve­la­ze mi­ud­go­me­li iyo, Ta­nac iq
Zve­li si­mag­rec mde­ba­re­ob­da.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­a­nad­gu­res la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta pir­ve­li sa­gu­Sa­go
ise, rom mter­ma kar­ve­bi­dan ga­mos­vla da ia­ra­Ris xel­Si aRe­bac
ki ver mo­as­wro. ro­de­sac ga­Ten­da, da­nar­Ce­ni laS­qa­ric, qve­
da ri­gis me­niC­be­eb
­ i­s gar­da, kun­Zul­ze ga­da­vi­da: sul rva­a­si
mo­i­sa­ri, am­de­ni­ve pel­tas­ti, me­se­ni­el­Ta dam­xma­re raz­me­bi da
yve­la sxva, pi­lo­sis gar­ni­zo­nis gar­da. de­mos­Te­ne­sis brZa­
ne­biT, aTe­ne­le­bi da­iy­vnen oras­ka­ci­an raz­me­bad da da­i­ka­ves
si­maR­le­eb
­ i kun­Zul­ze, ra­Ta mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge al­ya­Si mo­eq­ci­aT,
maT ki ar scod­no­daT, ro­mel mxa­res wa­su­liy­vnen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­
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le­bi, sa­i­Tac ar izam­dnen pirs, maT zur­gSi msu­bu­qad aR­Wur­vi­li
aTe­ne­le­bi aR­moC­nde­bod­nen. am raz­me­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg brZo­la
yve­la­ze rTu­li iyo, rad­gan isi­ni So­ri­dan es­rod­nen mters
is­rebs, qveb­sa da Su­bebs. maT swra­fad Se­eZ­loT ukan da­xe­vac
da mtris dev­nac. ase­Ti iyo de­mos­Te­ne­sis geg­ma. epi­ta­da­sis
raz­mi mwyob­ri na­bi­jiT da­iZ­ra aTe­ne­li hop­li­te­bis wi­na­aR­
mdeg, ra­Ta xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la ga­e­mar­Ta. hop­li­te­bi maT
pi­ris­pir id­gnen, xo­lo msu­bu­qad Se­ia­ ­ra­Re­bu­le­bi – flan­geb­sa
da zur­gSi. mag­ram maT ver mo­a­xer­xes xel­Car­Tul brZo­la­Si
Ta­vi­si xe­lov­ne­bis sru­lad ga­mov­le­na, rad­gan mtris msu­bu­qad
Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li meb­rZo­le­bi maT So­ri­dan es­rod­nen da awu­xeb­
dnen, xo­lo aTe­ne­li hop­li­te­bi uZ­ra­vad id­gnen erT ad­gi­las.
iq, sa­dac msu­bu­qad Se­ia­ ­ra­Re­bu­le­bi Za­li­an ax­los mi­di­od­nen,
la­ke­de­mo­ne­li hop­li­te­bi axer­xeb­dnen maT mo­ge­ri­e­bas. mag­ram
isi­ni ukan brun­de­bod­nen da iqi­dan ag­rZe­leb­dnen brZo­las.
mZi­med Se­Wur­vil la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ar Se­eZ­loT mi­ud­go­mel
ad­gi­leb­Si ma­Ti dev­na.
or­mxri­vi sro­la er­Txans grZel­de­bo­da, mag­ram la­ke­de­
mo­ne­le­bi uk­ve ve­Rar pa­su­xob­dnen swra­fi kon­tri­e­ri­Se­biT.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ig­rZnes, rom mtris wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba sus­tde­bo­da
da uf­ro Ta­ma­mad Se­u­ti­es. isi­ni Tan­da­Tan mi­eC­viv­nen mters da
aRar eC­ve­ne­bo­daT igi sa­Si­Sad. Ta­nac aR­moC­nda, rom da­na­kar­gi
bev­rad nak­le­bi hqon­daT, vid­re elod­nen. Ta­vi­dan maT aZ­rwu­
neb­da az­ri, rom brZo­lis vel­ze pi­ris­pir un­da Sex­ved­rod­nen
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs. ax­la ki Ta­vi­si upi­ra­te­so­ba ig­rZnes da sab­
rZo­lo yi­Ji­niT utev­dnen maT. Tan yve­la­fers es­rod­nen, rac
xel­Si mox­vde­bo­daT – qvebs, Su­bebs, is­rebs. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
Sed­rknen, maT uC­ve­u­lo pi­ro­beb­Si uwev­daT brZo­la. ve­ra­fers
xe­dav­dnen, rad­gan qar­ma co­ta xnis win dam­wva­ri tyis fer­flic
aSa­la. ma­Ti mdgo­ma­re­o­ba sul uf­ro sa­xi­fa­To xde­bo­da. jav­
Sa­ni maT is­re­bis­gan ver icav­da. maT aRar icod­nen, ra eq­naT
da ga­dar­Ce­nis ime­di ewu­re­bo­daT.
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bev­ri meb­rZo­li da­iW­ra da la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mwyob­rad
da­iwy­es ukan da­xe­va kun­Zu­lis ga­na­pi­ras mde­ba­re pos­ti­sa­ken.
msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li aTe­ne­le­bi Ta­ma­mad mis­dev­dnen maT
da xo­cav­dnen yve­las, vinc xel­Si Ca­uv
­ ar­de­bo­daT. la­ke­de­mo­
nel­Ta um­rav­le­so­bam ma­inc mo­a­xer­xa si­mag­rem­de mis­vla da
Se­u­er­Tda mis gar­ni­zons. dev­ni­sas aTe­ne­leb­ma ver mo­a­xer­xes
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta al­ya­Si moq­ce­va da ax­la pir­da­pir utev­dnen
bu­neb­ri­vad mi­ud­go­mel si­mag­res. TiT­qmis mTe­l dRes grZel­
de­bo­da brZo­la. meb­rZo­lebs stan­jav­daT wyur­vi­li da sicx­e.
er­Tni cdi­lob­dnen mtris ga­mo­dev­nas si­mag­ri­dan, me­o­re­ni
ki – sa­ku­Ta­ri po­zi­ci­is Se­nar­Cu­ne­bas. da ma­inc, la­ke­de­mo­ne­
lebs ax­la me­tad Se­eZ­loT Ta­vis dac­va, rad­gan maT zur­gi­dan
aRa­ra­vin emuq­re­bo­da.
brZo­las bo­lo ar uCan­da. ma­Sin meseniel­Ta sar­dal­ma kle­
on­sa da de­mos­Te­ness uTx­ra, rom ase mters ve­ra­fers da­ak­
leb­dnen. man iTx­o­va mo­is­re­bi­sa da pel­tas­te­bis raz­mi, ra­Ta
zur­gi­dan Se­mo­ev­lo mtris­Tvis. am raz­miT meseni­e­li mtris­
Tvis Se­um­Cnev­lad da­iZ­ra, gah­yva kldo­van na­pirs da ci­ca­bo
ad­gils mi­ad­ga, ro­me­lic la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs usaf­rTxo ego­naT
da ami­tom ar icav­dnen. zur­gSi mtris mo­u­lod­nel­ma ga­mo­Ce­
nam Se­aZ­rwu­na la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da mxne­o­ba Se­ma­ta aTe­ne­lebs,
rom­leb­mac bo­los da­i­na­xes is, ra­sac did­xans nat­rob­dnen.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si aR­moC­
ndnen, ro­gorc Ta­vis dros Ter­mo­pi­les gmi­re­bi. Sim­Si­liT
da­sus­te­bu­leb­ma ori mxri­dan Se­te­vas ver ga­uZ­les da ukan
da­i­xi­es. aTe­ne­le­ma ki ga­sas­vle­le­bi da­i­ka­ves.
kle­o­ni da de­mos­Te­ne­si xvde­bod­nen, rom Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­
le­bi ki­dev ukan da­i­xev­dnen, da­i­xo­ce­bod­nen. ami­tom ga­a­Ce­res
Ta­vi­an­Ti me­om­re­bi. sur­daT cocx­a­li la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis aTen­Si
Cay­va­na, radgan aTe­nel­Ta sar­dleb­ma mac­nes pi­riT maT da­ne­
be­ba Ses­Ta­va­zes.
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta um­rav­le­so­bam fa­re­bi mi­wa­ze da­awyo da
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xe­le­bi as­wia imis niS­nad, rom neb­de­bod­nen. aTe­nis mxri­dan
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bas kle­o­ni da de­mos­Te­ne­si awar­mo­eb­dnen, xo­lo
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta­gan – sti­fo­ni. ma­Ti sar­da­li epi­ta­da­si brZo­
lis da­sawy­is­Si­ve da­i­Ru­pa, xo­lo daW­ri­li mo­ad­gi­le sik­vdils
eb­rZo­da. sti­fo­ni me­sa­me sar­dlad air­Ci­es. sti­fon­ma ga­moT­qva
sur­vi­li, mac­nis meS­ve­o­biT ekiTxa xme­leT­ze myo­fi la­ke­de­
mo­ne­le­bi­saT­vis, ra ga­a­ke­Tos. kle­on­ma da de­mos­Te­nes­ma ar
mis­ces la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs kun­Zu­lis da­to­ve­bis uf­le­ba da Tvi­
Ton ga­mo­i­Za­xes mac­ne­e­bi. ram­de­ni­me mok­le Se­kiTx­vis Sem­deg
uka­nas­knel­ma mac­nem ase Tqva: `la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi gib­rZa­ne­ben,
Ta­vad ga­dawy­vi­toT Tqve­ni be­di ise, rom Rir­se­ba ar da­kar­goT~.
ma­Sin la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mci­re TaT­bi­ris Sem­deg ga­dawy­vi­tes,
da­ne­be­bod­nen aTe­ne­lebs.
im dRes da mom­dev­no Ra­mes aTe­ne­lebs tyve­e­bi kun­Zul­ze
hyav­daT. Sem­deg dRes ki kun­Zul­ze ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­
Tes da tyve­e­bi sam­xed­ro xo­mal­de­bis me­Ta­u­rebs ga­das­ces.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mac­nes pi­riT cxed­re­bi iTx­o­ves. kun­Zul­ze
ga­da­su­li oTx­a­s o­ci la­ke­de­mo­ne­li hop­li­ti­dan oras oTx­
moc­da­Tor­me­ti aTen­Si Ca­iy­va­nes, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki da­i­Rup­nen.
ga­dar­Ce­nil­Ta So­ris as o­ci spar­te­li iyo. aTe­nel­Ta da­na­
kar­ge­bi ki um­niS­vne­lo aR­moC­nda, rad­gan saq­me xel­Car­Tul
brZo­lam­de ar mi­su­la.
kun­Zu­lis al­ya sa­moc­da­Tor­me­t dRes gag­rZel­da – sazR­
vao brZo­li­dan kun­Zul­ze brZo­lam­de. aqe­dan da­ax­lo­e­biT
oci dRe, sa­nam el­Ce­bi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bebs awar­mo­eb­dnen, la­ke­
de­mo­ne­le­bi sur­sa­TiT ma­rag­de­bod­nen. da­nar­Cen dros ki imas
sjer­de­bod­nen, ra­sac maT fa­ru­lad aw­vdid­nen. kun­Zul­ze ki­dev
dar­Ca cota sur­sa­Ti, rad­gan epi­ta­da­si Ti­To­e­ul meb­rZols
co­ta­Ti nak­lebs aZ­lev­da, vid­re ma­ra­gi hqon­daT. aTe­ne­le­bic
da pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bic Sin gab­run­dnen pi­lo­si­dan da kle­o­nis
erTi SexedviT ugu­nu­ri pi­ro­ba Sesrulda – oc dRe­Si man
aTen­Si tyve­e­bi Ca­iy­va­na.
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omis mov­le­ne­bi­dan elin­TaT­vis ase­Ti mo­u­lod­ne­li ar­c
er­Ti ar yo­fi­la. yve­la dar­wmu­ne­bu­li iyo, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­
le­bi arc Sim­Si­lis, arc sxva ga­sa­Wi­ris ga­mo ar da­neb­de­bod­nen
da ia­ra­RiT xel­Si am­jo­bi­neb­dnen sikvdils. xal­xi eW­vob­da,
iy­vnen Tu ara ga­dar­Ce­ni­le­bi ise­Ti­ve ma­ma­ce­bi, ro­gorc da­Ru­
pu­le­bi. Sem­dgom aTe­nel­Ta er­Tma mo­kav­Si­rem es hkiTxa ki­dec
er­T-erT tyves, ra­zec ase­Ti pa­su­xi mi­i­Ro: `ler­wa­mi bev­rad
uf­ro Zvir­fa­si iq­ne­bo­da, Rir­se­ul­Ta ga­mor­Ce­va rom Se­eZ­
los~. amiT imis Tqma un­do­da, rom isa­ri ga­nur­Cev­lad klavs
yve­las, vi­sac xvde­ba.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, tyve­e­bi ma­nam­de hyo­lo­daT Ta­vis­
Tan, sa­nam zavs ar da­deb­dnen, xo­lo Tu pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi kvlav
da­es­xmod­nen maT sam­flo­be­lo­ebs, tyve­eb
­ i da­e­xo­caT. pi­los­Si
aTe­ne­leb­ma gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­ves, xo­lo me­se­ni­e­leb­ma nav­paq­to­
si­dan iq sa­u­ke­Te­so xal­xi gag­zav­nes. pi­lo­si xom Zvel me­se­ni­
as ekuT­vno­da. iqi­dan me­se­ni­e­le­bi Tavs es­xmod­nen la­ko­ni­is
sa­na­pi­ros da zi­ans aye­neb­dnen maT, miT uf­ro, rom isi­ni ima­ve
di­a­leq­tze sa­ub­rob­dnen, ra­zec la­ko­ni­is mcxov­reb­ni.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs aqam­de ar ga­nuc­di­aT sa­ku­Ta­ri mi­wis aox­
re­ba da omis war­mo­e­bis es me­To­di. isi­ni xe­dav­dnen, rom he­lo­
te­bi pi­los­Si mtris mxa­re­ze ga­da­di­od­nen da SeS­fo­Te­bu­le­bi
iy­vnen, rad­gan uk­ma­yo­fi­le­ba Se­iZ­le­ba uf­ro Sor­sac gav­rce­
le­bu­li­yo. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi aS­ka­rad ar ga­moT­qvam­dnen Ta­vis
SeS­fo­Te­bas, mag­ram el­Cebs gzav­nid­nen aTen­Si da tyve­e­bis dab­
ru­ne­bas cdi­lob­dnen. aTe­ne­le­bi ki maT sul axal moTx­ov­nebs
uye­neb­dnen da yo­vel jer­ze el­Cebs pir­Si­ Ca­la­ga­mov­le­bu­lebs
is­tum­reb­dnen.
pi­lo­sis mov­le­ne­bis Sem­deg, ima­ve zaf­xuls, aTe­ne­leb­ma
wa­mo­iwy­es laS­qro­ba ko­rin­Tel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg. laS­qro­ba­Si
mo­na­wi­le­ob­da oTx­mo­ci xo­mal­di, ori aTa­si hop­li­ti da ora­si
mxe­da­ri, ro­mel­Ta ga­da­say­va­na­dac spe­ci­a­lu­rad mo­am­za­des
xo­mal­de­bi. maT Tan ax­ldnen mo­kav­Si­re mi­le­te­le­bi, an­dro­se­
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le­bi da ka­ris­ti­e­le­bi. laS­qro­bas ni­ki­as
­ i xel,ZRvanelobda.
aTe­ne­le­bi ga­das­xdnen sa­na­pi­ro­ze xer­so­nes­sa da re­i­toss
So­ris so­li­ge­i­as max­lob­lad. Zve­lad, ro­de­sac do­ri­e­le­bi
ko­rin­Tosis eo­li­el mcxov­reb­lebs eb­rZod­nen, swo­red aq
hqon­daT ba­na­ki mowy­o­bi­li. ko­rin­Te­leb­ma wi­nas­war icod­nen
aTe­nel­Ta mo­sa­lod­ne­li Se­moW­ris Se­sa­xeb da laS­qa­ri Sek­
ri­bes is­Tmos­ze, gar­da im xu­Ta­si ka­ci­sa, vinc am­pra­ki­a­sa da
lev­ka­da­Si im­yo­fe­bod­nen. aTe­ne­le­bi na­pirs Ra­miT mi­ad­gnen,
ad­gi­lob­ri­veb­ma sa­sig­na­lo cecx­li aan­Tes da ko­rin­Tel­Ta
ja­ri maT Se­sax­ved­rad wa­mo­vi­da. ba­tos­ma, maT­ma er­T-er­Tma
sar­dal­ma, so­li­geia da­ik­ a­va. li­kof­ro­ni ki da­nar­Ce­ni na­wi­le­
biT brZo­la­Si Ca­e­ba. ko­rin­Te­leb­ma Ta­vi­dan­ve Se­u­ti­es ax­lad
gad­mom­sxdar aTe­nel­Ta mar­jve­na frTas xer­so­nes­Tan, Sem­deg
ki sxva na­wi­leb­sac. ficx­e­li xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la ga­CaR­da.
aTe­nel­Ta da ka­ris­ti­el­Ta mar­jve­na frTam xan­grZli­vi brZo­
lis me­re uku­ag­do mte­ri. ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ukan da­i­xi­es qvis
ga­lav­nis­ken da ze­mo­dan qve­bi da­a­ya­res mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges, Sem­
deg pe­a­nis sim­Re­riT isev Se­te­va­ze ga­da­vid­nen. isev brZo­la
ga­CaR­da. ko­rin­Te­lebs dam­xma­re Za­la mo­u­vi­daT. maT sa­na­pi­
ros­ken gan­dev­nes aTe­ne­le­bi, mag­ram xo­mal­deb­Tan aTe­ne­leb­ma
da ka­ris­ti­el
­ eb­ma kvlav Se­u­ti­es mters. brZo­la ar cxre­bo­da
arc sxva ad­gi­leb­Si, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT sis­xlis­mRvre­li is ko­rin­
Tel­Ta mar­jve­na frTa­ze iyo, sa­dac aTe­ne­lebs so­li­ge­i­as­ken
gzas TviT li­kof­ro­ni uRo­bav­da.
did­xans ori­ve mxa­re med­grad id­ga. bo­los ko­rin­Te­leb­ma
ukan da­i­xi­es. aTe­ne­lebs kar­gi sam­sa­xu­ri ga­u­wi­es mxed­reb­ma,
rom­le­bic ko­rin­Te­lebs ar hyav­daT. ko­rin­Te­le­bi bor­cvze
ga­mag­rdnen da qve­viT aRar Ca­mo­di­od­nen. ukan da­xe­vi­sas ko­rin­
Tel­Ta mar­jve­na frTa gan­sa­kuT­re­biT da­za­ral­da. da­i­Ru­pa
ma­Ti sar­da­li li­kof­ro­ni. ko­rin­Te­lebs aRar ga­nu­ax­le­bi­aT
brZo­la. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki sa­Wur­ve­li mox­snes da­Ru­pu­lebs, ak­ri­fes
sa­ku­Tar me­o­mar­Ta cxed­re­bi da ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes.
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ko­rin­Tel­Ta ja­ris me­o­re na­wi­li, ro­me­lic aTe­nel­TaT­vis
kro­mi­o­nis­ken gzis da­sa­ke­tad ken­qre­a­Si id­ga, brZo­las ver
xe­dav­da. maT mTa efa­re­bo­da. ro­de­sac maT mtvris Rru­be­li
Se­niS­nes, mix­vdnen, rom brZo­la ga­CaR­da da saS­ve­lad wa­vid­
nen. qa­la­qi­da­nac ga­mog­zav­nes uf­ro­si asa­kis mo­qa­la­qe­Ta­gan
Sem­dga­ri dam­xma­re raz­me­bi. ro­de­sac mra­val­ricx­o­va­ni mte­ri
da­i­na­xes, aTe­ne­leb­ma ifiq­res, rom ko­rin­Te­lebs da­nar­Ce­ni
pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan mo­uv­ i­da maS­ve­li Za­la. maT xo­mal­deb­ze ga­da­i­
ta­nes na­dav­li da Ta­vi­si­an­Ta cxed­re­bi, gar­da ori­sa, rom­le­bic
ver ipo­ves, das­xdnen xo­mal­deb­ze da mim­de­ba­re kun­Zu­leb­ze
ga­da­i­nac­vles. iqi­dan ko­rin­Te­lebs mac­ne ga­ug­zav­nes da Ta­vi­
an­Ti me­om­re­bis cxed­re­bi mos­Txo­ves. brZo­la­Si oras­ Tor­me­ti
ko­rin­Te­li da or­moc­da­aT
­ am­de aTe­ne­li da­e­ca.
kun­Zu­le­bi­dan aTe­ne­le­bi ima­ve dRes Tavs da­es­xnen kro­mi­
ons, ko­rin­Tosi­dan as oc sta­di­on­Si, da mi­wa da­ar­bi­es. Sem­deg
dRes es­kad­ra sa­na­pi­ros ga­uy­va epi­dav­ro­sis­ken da gad­mos­xdnen
me­Ta­nas­Tan, epi­dav­ros­sa da tro­i­Ze­nes So­ris. aTe­ne­leb­ma
da­i­ka­ves da ga­a­mag­res na­xe­var­kun­Zul­ze ga­da­sas­vle­li ye­li.
iq gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­ves, ra­Rac xans Ta­re­Sob­dnen tro­i­Ze­nes,
ha­li­a­da­sa da epi­dav­ri­aS
­ i. Sem­deg Sin dab­run­dnen. da­ax­lo­e­biT
ama­ve dros ev­ri­me­do­ni da so­fok­le­si pi­lo­si­dan si­ci­li­is­ken
gzad ker­ki­ras ew­viv­nen. aq mo­qa­la­qe­eb­Tan er­Tad ga­i­laS­qres
ker­ki­rel dev­ni­leb­ze, rom­le­bic ajan­ye­bis Sem­deg is­to­nes
mTa­ze iy­vnen ga­mag­re­bu­le­bi. aTe­ne­leb­ma Stur­miT ai­Res ma­Ti
si­mag­re, dev­ni­leb­ma ki gas­ces Ta­vi­si mo­qi­rav­ne­e­bi, Tvi­To­
nac ia­ra­Ri da­ya­res da sa­ku­Ta­ri be­dis ga­dawy­ve­ta aTe­ne­lebs
mi­an­des. aTen­Si gag­zav­nam­de isi­ni kun­Zul pti­qi­a­ze hyav­daT
daty­ve­ve­bu­li im pi­ro­biT, rom Tu er­Ti ma­inc ec­de­bo­da gaq­ce­
vas, Se­Tan­xme­ba Za­las da­kar­gav­da. sa­xal­xo par­ti­is be­la­debs
eSi­no­daT, rom aTe­ne­le­bi sik­vdi­liT ar das­jid­nen ltol­vi­
lebs da am­gvar eS­ma­ko­bas mi­mar­Tes. maT sa­i­dum­lod gag­zav­nes
kun­Zul­ze ltol­vil­Ta ram­de­ni­me Zve­li me­go­ba­ri, vi­Tom­da
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ke­Ti­li rCe­viT, sas­wra­fod da­e­to­ve­bi­naT kun­Zu­li, rad­gan
aTe­ne­li sar­dle­bi maT ker­ki­rel­TaT­vis ga­da­ce­mas api­reb­dnen.
ltol­vi­leb­ma da­i­je­res da ga­saq­ce­vad mo­em­zad­nen­. bo­lo
wu­Ts aTe­ne­leb­ma isi­ni da­a­ka­ves da ker­ki­re­lebs ga­das­ces. es,
al­baT, aTe­nelma sar­dlebma Caifiqres, rad­gan maT esa­Wi­ro­e­
bo­daT mi­ze­zi tyve­eb
­ is ga­sa­ce­mad da ar sur­daT vin­mes aTen­Si
gag­zav­na, ro­de­sac Tvi­Ton si­ci­li­a­ze uwev­daT brZo­la. ker­
ki­re­leb­ma tyve­e­bi did Se­no­ba­Si da­am­wyvdi­es. isi­ni oc­ka­ci­an
jgu­fe­bad ga­moh­yav­daT da er­Tma­neT­ze ga­dab­mu­lebs hop­li­
tebs So­ris ata­reb­dnen. Ti­To­e­ul
­ i hop­li­ti klav­da mas, vi­sac
pirad mtrad mi­iC­nev­da.
am­gva­rad, ker­ki­re­leb­ma sa­mo­ci ka­ci da­sa­jes sik­vdi­liT.
da­nar­Ce­neb­ma ki ar icod­nen ra xde­bo­da da fiq­rob­dnen, rom
tyve­e­bi sxva ci­xe­Si ga­dah­yav­daT. ro­de­sac si­mar­Tle ga­i­ges,
aTe­ne­lebs sTxo­ves, Tu sa­Wi­ro iyo, maT­ve da­e­xo­caT, xo­lo
Se­no­bi­dan aRar ga­vi­dod­nen da arc ara­vis Se­uS­veb­dnen aq, sa­nam
wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ga­we­va Se­eZ­loT. ma­Sin ker­ki­re­leb­ma sa­xu­
ra­vi axa­des Se­no­bas da iqi­dan tyve­ebs kra­mi­teb­sa da is­rebs
es­rod­nen. tyve­e­bi Tavs icav­dnen, ro­gorc Se­eZ­loT. bev­rma
Ta­vi mo­ik­la. TiT­qmis mTel Ra­mes grZel­de­bo­da xoc­va-­Jle­ta.
di­las ker­ki­re­leb­ma da­xo­ci­le­bi ur­meb­ze da­awy­ves da qa­la­
qi­dan ga­iy­va­nes. tyved Ca­var­dni­li qa­le­bi ki mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des.
ase das­rul­da Si­na­o­mi ker­ki­ra­ze, aTe­ne­leb­ma ki si­ci­li­is­ken
gza ga­ag­rZe­les.
ima­ve zaf­xu­lis da­sas­ruls aTe­ne­leb­ma akar­na­ne­leb­Tan
er­Tad nav­paq­to­si­dan ga­i­laS­qres ko­rin­Tel­Ta qa­laq anaq­
to­ri­os­ze da mo­Ra­la­te­Ta dax­ma­re­biT da­i­ka­ves igi. qve­ya­na
ga­das­ces akar­na­ne­lebs, rom­leb­mac mo­a­xal­Se­ne­eb
­ i ga­mog­zav­nes
aq. ase das­rul­da zaf­xu­li.
Sem­deg zam­Tars aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ris sar­dal­ma aris­ti­des­
ma, ro­me­lic mo­kav­Si­re­Ta­gan xarks ag­ro­veb­da, xel­Si Ca­ig­do
ar­ta­fer­ne­si, ro­me­lic spar­se­Tis me­fis da­va­le­biT la­ke­de­
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mon­Si mi­di­o­da. igi aTen­Si wa­iy­va­nes, sa­dac we­ri­li asu­ru­li­dan
Tar­gmnes da wa­i­kiTx­es. we­ril­Si ewe­ra, rom me­fes ar es­mis, ra
un­daT la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs. ma­Ti yve­la el­Ci sxva­das­xvas am­bobs.
ax­la ga­a­yo­lon am spar­sels el­Ce­bi, rom­le­bic gan­mar­ta­ven,
ra surT. Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma ar­ta­fer­ness ga­a­yo­les efe­sos­Si
sa­ku­Ta­ri el­Ce­bi, mag­ram iq Se­ity­ves, rom me­fe ar­taq­ser­qse
gar­da­ic­va­la da el­Ce­bi ukan ga­mob­run­dnen.
ima­ve zam­Tars aTe­ne­leb­ma qi­o­se­lebs ub­rZa­nes qa­la­qis
ga­lav­nis dan­gre­va, rad­gan eW­vob­dnen, rom ajan­ye­ba mzad­de­
bo­da. ama­ve dros qi­o­se­le­bi da­ar­wmu­nes, rom mo­ma­val­Si maT
Si­na­ur saq­me­eb­Si ar Ca­e­re­od­nen. ase das­rul­da zam­Ta­ri da
omis meS­vi­de we­li.
Sem­de­gi zaf­xu­lis da­sawy­is­Si, sav­se mTva­ri­sas, mze na­wi­
lob­riv dab­nel­da, xo­lo ima­ve Tve­Si mi­wis­Zvra mox­da.
mi­ti­le­ne­dan da sxva les­bo­su­ri qa­la­qe­bi­dan dev­ni­leb­
ma iqi­ra­ves pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta dam­xma­re raz­me­bi da da­i­ka­ves
ro­i­te­i­o­si. Tum­ca, ara­vis ara­fe­ri av­nes da ori aTa­si fo­ke­
u­ri sta­te­ris fa­sad da­ub­ru­nes igi mo­qa­la­qe­ebs. Sem­deg maT
an­tan­dro­si da­laS­qres da mo­Ra­la­te­Ta dax­ma­re­biT da­ik
­ a­ves
qa­la­qi. gan­zra­xu­li hqon­daT, sxva qa­la­qe­bic ga­e­Ta­vi­suf­
le­bi­naT, rom­le­bic ad­re mi­ti­le­ne­lebs ekuT­vno­daT, xo­lo
ax­la aTe­ne­le­bis xel­Si iyo. xe-­tyiT mdi­da­ri an­tan­dro­si ki
maT da­say­rde­nad un­da qce­u­li­yo. aq Se­iZ­le­bo­da xo­mal­de­bis
age­ba, aqe­dan­ve Se­eZ­loT eZar­cvaT les­bo­si da da­uf­le­bod­nen
eo­li­ur qa­la­qebs xme­leT­ze.
ima­ve zaf­xuls aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra, ro­mel­Sic sa­mo­ci xo­mal­
di, ori aTa­si hop­li­ti da co­ta­o­de­ni mxe­da­ri Se­di­o­da, mi­le­
tel­Ta da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­Ta dax­ma­re­biT, Tavs da­es­xa ki­Te­ras.
laS­qro­bas ni­ki­a­si sar­dlob­da. ki­Te­ra aris kun­Zu­li la­ko­ni­is
na­pi­reb­Tan. mas­ze la­ke­de­mo­ne­li pe­ri­e­ke­bi cxov­ro­ben. spar­
te­le­bi di­dad zru­nav­dnen kun­Zul­ze da aq gar­ni­zo­ni hyav­daT.
aq iyo la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta nav­sad­gu­ri, sa­dac sat­vir­To xo­mal­de­
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bi mo­di­od­nen eg­vip­ti­dan da li­bi­i­dan. gar­da ami­sa, kun­Zu­li
me­kob­re­Ta­gan icav­da la­ko­ni­is na­pi­rebs.
aTe­ne­leb­ma aTi xo­mal­di­Ta da ori aTa­si mi­le­te­li hop­
li­tiT da­i­ka­ves qa­la­qi skan­di­a. da­nar­Ce­ni laS­qa­ri ki ma­le­is
kon­cxis mo­pi­ris­pi­re mxa­res gad­mos­xes, da Se­ut
­ i­es ki­Te­rel­Ta
qa­laqs. ad­gi­lob­ri­ve­bi srul sab­rZo­lo mzad­yof­na­Si dax­vdnen.
xan­mok­le brZo­lis Sem­deg ki­Te­re­le­bi da­mar­cxdnen da Ta­vi
ak­ro­po­liss Se­af
­ a­res. Sem­deg isi­ni da­neb­dnen ni­ki­ass si­cocx­
lis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bis pi­ro­biT. aTe­ne­leb­ma gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­ves
ki­Te­ra­ze da asi­nas, he­lo­si­sa da sxva sa­na­pi­ro qa­la­qe­bis
da­sar­be­vad gas­wi­es.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi xe­dav­dnen, rom ki­Te­ra aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­
ka­ves da maT ase­Ti Tav­das­xme­bis­Tvis je­ro­va­ni mzad­yof­na
mar­Teb­daT, mag­ram isi­ni ar­sad ar ga­mo­su­lan ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li
Za­le­biT. maT gag­zav­nes hop­li­te­bis raz­me­bi mTel qve­ya­na­Si
mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ad­gi­le­bis da­sa­ca­vad da maq­si­ma­lur sif­rTxi­
les iCen­dnen, ra­Ta Ta­vi­dan ae­ci­le­bi­naT ga­dat­ri­a­le­ba ma­Sin,
ro­de­sac ase­Ti mo­u­lod­ne­li mar­cxi ga­ni­ca­des – pi­lo­si da
ki­Te­ra mtris xelT aR­moC­nda da maT yve­la mxri­dan saf­rTxe
elo­daT. pir­ve­lad Ta­vi­anT sam­xed­ro praq­ti­ka­Si maT ga­dawy­
vi­tes, Se­eq­mnaT cxe­no­san­Ta da mSvil­do­san­Ta raz­me­bi. la­ke­
de­mo­ne­le­bi uxer­xu­lad grZnob­dnen Tavs, rad­gan CaT­re­ul­ni
iy­vnen sazR­vao om­Si aTe­ne­leb­Tan, ro­mel­Ta Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bic
amo­u­wu­ra­vi Can­da. mo­u­lod­nel­ma ube­du­re­beb­ma maT Tav­da­je­
re­ba da­a­kar­gvi­na.
sa­nam aTe­ne­le­bi la­o­ni­is sa­na­pi­ros ar­bev­dnen, la­ke­de­mo­ne­
le­bi, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, umoq­me­dod iy­vnen. maT sa­ya­ra­u­lo pos­teb­ze
myo­fi gar­ni­zo­ne­bi, ro­gorc we­si, ar er­Tve­bod­nen brZo­la­Si.
mxo­lod er­Txel da­es­xnen Tavs msu­bu­qad Se­Wur­vil aTe­ne­lebs
da ga­aq­ci­es isi­ni. mag­ram hop­li­te­bis mos­vlis Sem­deg isev ukan
da­i­xi­es da ram­de­ni­me ka­ci da­kar­ges. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da ki­Te­ra­ze dab­run­dnen. iqi­dan ag­rZe­leb­dnen
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sa­na­pi­ros rbe­vas. Tavs da­es­xnen Ti­re­as, sa­dac la­ke­de­mo­ne­
leb­ma egi­ne­li ltol­vi­le­bi da­a­sax­les.
sa­nam aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra jer ki­dev zRva­Si iyo, egi­ne­leb­ma
da­to­ves si­mag­re, ro­mel­sac sa­na­pi­ro­ze aSe­neb­dnen, ak­ro­po­
liss Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi. la­ko­nel­Ta er­T-er­Ti sa­gu­Sa­gos wev­ri,
ro­me­lic mSe­neb­lo­ba­Si ex­ma­re­bo­da, ar gah­yva maT. la­ke­de­mo­
ne­leb­ma mTeb­Si da­i­xi­es da aRar mi­ex­mar­nen egi­ne­lebs, rad­gan
sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­bi ara­sak­ma­ri­sad mi­iC­ni­es.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­le­bi na­pir­ze gadmovidnen da Se­u­ti­es Ti­re­
as. maT ai­Res, ga­daw­ves da da­an­gri­es qa­la­qi, cocx­lad ga­dar­
Ce­ni­li egi­ne­le­bi ki aTen­Si wa­iy­va­nes. maT­Tan er­Tad wa­iy­va­nes
la­ke­de­mo­ne­li sar­da­li tan­ta­lo­si da ki­dev ram­de­ni­me ki­Te­
re­li. isi­ni usaf­rTxo­e­bis miz­niT mo­a­So­res kun­Zuls. aTen­
Si ga­dawy­vi­tes ma­Ti kik­la­deb­ze gag­zav­na, xo­lo da­nar­Ce­ni
ki­Te­re­le­bi sam­Sob­lo­Si da­to­ves da xar­kad oTxi ta­lan­ti
da­u­we­ses. tyve egi­ne­le­bi sik­vdi­liT da­sa­jes, tan­ta­lo­si ki
sxva la­ke­de­mo­nel tyve­ebs Se­u­er­Tda.
ima­ve zaf­xuls si­ci­li­az
­ e da­zav­dnen ka­ma­ri­na da ge­la. Sem­
deg ge­la­Si sxva eli­nu­ri qvey­ne­bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bic sam­Svi­
do­bo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­beb­ze Se­ik­rib­nen. xan­grZli­vi ka­ma­Tis Sem­deg,
sa­dac zo­gi mSvi­do­bas uWer­da mxars, zo­gi ki sa­ku­Tar sa­Ci­var­sa
da moTx­ov­nebs ver ele­o­da, Sek­re­bilT mi­mar­Ta si­ra­ku­zel­ma
her­mok­ra­tes­ma, rom­lis sity­veb­mac yve­la da­ar­wmu­na:
`si­ci­li­e­le­bo, ro­gorc yve­la­ze di­di da omis­gan yve­la­ze
nak­le­bad da­za­ra­le­bu­li qvey­nis war­mo­mad­ge­ne­ls, me msurs,
si­ci­li­is­Tvis yve­la­ze sas­rgeb­lo ram Se­mog­Ta­va­zoT. rad mov­yve
omis sa­Si­ne­le­be­bis Se­sa­xeb, ro­de­sac Tqven es yve­la­fe­ri kar­gad
uwy­iT? ara­vis da­uwyia omi ise, rom ar scod­no­da, ra ube­du­re­ba
mo­aqvs mas da arc amis SiSs ga­u­Ce­re­bia vin­me, Tu omi ga­mor­Ce­
nas hpir­de­ba. zo­gi ga­da­War­be­biT afa­sebs ga­mor­Ce­nas xi­faT­Tan
Se­da­re­biT, sxva ki mzad aris xi­faT­Si Ca­ig­dos Ta­vi, oRond dRes
ara­fe­ri daT­mos. mag­ram er­Tnic da me­o­re­nic cde­bi­an. sav­se­biT
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dro­u­lia mSvi­do­bis­ken mo­wo­de­ba. es arc Cven gvawy­ens. Tu Ta­vis
dro­ze omi cal­ke­u­li qvey­nis ker­Zo in­te­re­se­bis ga­mo da­viwy­eT,
ax­la ma­inc vca­doT Cve­ni uTan­xmo­eb
­ is mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­biT mog­va­
re­ba. Tu ma­inc ara­fe­ri ga­mog­vi­va, isev vi­o­moT.
Tum­ca, go­ne­bas Tu mo­vux­mobT, miv­xvde­biT, rom saq­me Cvens
ker­Zo in­te­re­sebs ki ar exe­ba, ara­med si­ci­li­is dac­vas aTe­
nel­Ta­gan, rom­leb­sac, Ce­mi az­riT, mTe­li kun­Zu­lis dapy­ro­ba
surT. Cems sity­veb­ze me­tad Ta­vad aTe­ne­leb­ma un­da da­gar­
wmu­noT mSvi­do­bis au­ci­leb­lo­ba­Si. aTe­ni yve­la­ze Zli­e­ri
sa­xel­mwi­foa ela­da­Si. Ta­vi­dan Cven­Tan mci­re es­kad­riT mo­vi­
da, ro­gorc ka­no­ni­e­ri mo­kav­Si­re. isi­ni iT­va­lis­wi­ne­ben Cvens
Sec­do­mebs da, kav­Si­ris sa­xe­liT, cdi­lo­ben ga­mo­i­ye­non Cve­ni
wi­na­aR­mde­go­be­bi. ro­de­sac er­Tma­neTs veb­rZviT da Cvens qve­
ya­na­Si sxvas ve­Za­xiT, amiT Cven vsus­tde­biT da sxvas vux­sniT
gzas ba­to­no­bis­Tvis. ro­gorc ki da­in
­ a­xa­ven, rom dav­sus­tdiT,
aq uf­ro di­di es­kad­riT mov­len da mTel kun­Zuls da­i­ka­ve­ben.
Cven­Tvis uf­ro go­niv­ru­li iq­ne­bo­da, Ti­To­e­ul qve­ya­nas
Ta­vi­si mo­kav­Si­re mo­ex­mo, vinc mog­vaw­vdi­da, rac gvWir­de­ba,
vid­re is dag­ve­pa­ti­Je­bi­na, vinc gva­Ca­na­gebs da vi­sac axa­li
xi­fa­Ti mo­aqvs. Cve­ni uTan­xmo­e­be­bi uda­vod di­di bo­ro­te­baa
Ti­To­e­u­li qvey­nis­Tvi­sac da mTe­li si­ci­li­is­Tvi­sac. Cven xom
er­Ti­an
­ i si­ci­li­is Svi­le­bi varT da, mi­u­xe­da­vad sa­er­To saf­
rTxi­sa, er­Tma­neTs veb­rZviT. mo­qa­la­qe­eb­mac da qvey­neb­mac un­da
ga­vi­goT, rom un­da dav­zav­deT da er­Ti­a­ni Za­le­biT ga­da­var­
Ci­noT mTe­li si­ci­li­a. nu­ra­vin ifiq­rebs, rom si­ci­li­el­Ta­gan
mxo­lod do­ri­e­le­bi ari­an aTe­nel­Ta mtre­bi, xo­lo qal­ki­de­le­
bi da io­ni­e­le­bi maT­Tgan da­cu­lni ari­an. aTe­ne­le­bi aq mo­sax­
le­o­bis do­ri­ul na­wils imi­tom ki ar eb­rZvi­an, rom si­ci­lia
or to­mad aris ga­yo­fi­li, ara­med imi­tom, rom mTe­li kun­Zu­li
da­ipy­ron. es kar­gad Cans qal­ki­del­Ta ma­ga­liT­ze. mi­u­xe­da­vad
imi­sa, rom qal­ki­de­le­bi aTe­ne­lebs aras­dros dax­ma­re­bi­an,
aTe­ne­le­bi di­di si­am­ ov­ne­biT da­ex­mar­nen maT. ga­mor­Ce­nis Zi­e­ba
173
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aTe­ne­lebs epa­ti­eb
­ aT. me vsay­ve­du­rob maT, vinc mzad aris da­e­
mor­Ci­los. Za­li­an cde­ba is, vinc es yve­la­fe­ri icis da zo­mebs
ar iRebs. sa­er­To mSvi­do­ba gvix­snis am saf­rTxis­gan. aTe­ne­le­bi
xom Tavs gves­xmi­an ara sa­ku­Ta­ri mi­wi­dan, ara­med ma­Ti mo­kav­
Si­re si­ci­li­u­ri qa­la­qe­bi­dan. omi omiT ki ar das­rul­de­ba,
ara­med mSvi­do­biT da ma­Sin, vinc Cven­Tan mo­kav­Si­red mo­vi­da,
mag­ram bo­ro­te­ba aqvs gan­zra­xu­li, ve­ra­fers mi­i­Rebs. ai, ra
mo­ge­bas mog­vi­tans aTe­nel­Ta mi­marT go­niv­ru­li po­li­ti­ka, da
Tu mSvi­do­ba udi­de­si bed­ni­e­re­ba­a, ra­tom ar da­vam­ya­roT igi
Cven So­ris? da Tu erTs ra­Rac upi­ra­te­so­ba aqvs, sxva ki mZi­me
mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si­a, ga­na mSvi­do­ba om­ze me­tad ar da­ex­ma­re­ba maT
ke­Til­dRe­o­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba­sa Tu ube­du­re­bis daZ­le­va­Si? ga­na
mSvi­do­bas pa­ti­vi, sa­xe­li da sxva si­xa­ru­li om­ze me­tad usaf­
rTxo gziT ar mo­aqvs? da­fiq­rdiT ama­ze! is, vi­sac ga­dawy­ve­
ti­li aqvs, mi­aR­wi­os ra­mes pa­ti­o­sa­ni gziT an Za­la­do­biT, un­da
uf­rTxo­des sas­tik marcxs, ro­me­lic mo­u­lod­ne­lad Se­iZ­le­ba
ew­vi­os. mas un­da ax­sov­des, rom uk­ve bev­ri da­mar­cxe­bu­la,
vinc war­ma­te­bis ime­di­Ta da Za­la­ze day­rdno­biT Su­ris­Zi­eb
­ as
es­wraf­vo­da. Su­ris­Zi­e­ba ver iq­ne­ba yo­vel­Tvis war­ma­te­bu­li
da Za­la ver iq­ne­ba war­ma­te­bis sa­win­da­ri mxo­lod imi­tom, rom
TviT­da­je­re­bu­li­a. mo­ma­va­li xSir Sem­Txve­va­Si ga­ur­kve­ve­lia
da es kar­gic aris, rad­gan ro­de­sac eW­vi gve­pa­re­ba, me­ti sif­
rTxi­liT ve­ki­de­biT sa­o­mar moq­me­de­bebs.
ax­la Cven SeS­fo­Te­bis­Tvis ori mTavari sa­fuZ­ve­li gvaqvs:
ga­ur­kve­ve­li mo­ma­va­li da Si­Si Zli­e­ri mtris wi­na­Se, ro­me­lic
uk­ve Cvens mi­wa­ze­a. am mi­ze­ze­bis ga­mo Cve­ni geg­me­bi ara­sa­i­me­do­a.
va­i­Zu­loT Zli­e­ri mte­ri, da­to­vos Cve­ni mi­wa da da­vam­ya­roT
mSvi­do­ba sa­mu­da­mod an, uki­du­res Sem­Txve­va­Si, di­di xniT
ga­dav­doT Cve­ni uTan­xmo­e­be­bi. Tu me ar da­mi­je­rebT da sxvis
rCe­vas mi­i­RebT, Tqven ver das­jiT Tqvens mters. sa­u­ke­Te­so
Sem­Txve­va­Si, Tqven gax­de­biT mTa­va­ri mtris mo­kav­Si­re da nam­
dvi­li me­gob­re­bis mte­ri. me, ro­gorc giTx­a­riT, war­mo­vad­gen
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si­ci­li­is udides qve­ya­nas, ro­mel­sac Se­uZ­lia sxvebs Tavs
da­es­xas, mag­ram vfiq­rob mo­ma­val­ze da min­da Se­vu­Tan­xmde
Cvens mtrebs, ra­Ta mo­ma­val­Si ar dav­za­ral­deT. Tqven­ga­nac
imaves mo­ve­li, sa­nam mtre­bi ar ga­i­Zu­le­ben amas. sru­le­bi­Tac
ar aris sir­cxvi­li er­Ti to­mis xal­xma uTan­xmo­e­ba mSvi­do­bi­
a­nad mo­ag­va­ros. Cven yve­la­ni me­zob­le­bi varT, erT kun­Zul­ze
vcxov­robT da sa­er­To sa­xe­li gvaqvs – si­ci­li­e­le­bi. Tu er­Tma­
neT­Si vi­o­mebT, mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba­sa da mSvi­do­bis dam­ya­re­ba­sac
mo­va­xer­xebT. ucxo dam­pyro­bel­s ki er­Tad un­da veb­rZo­loT,
rad­gan cal­ke­u­li qvey­nis­Tvis mi­ye­ne­bu­li vne­ba Ta­nab­rad
sa­xi­fa­Toa yve­las­Tvis. mo­ma­val­Si nu­Rar mo­viw­vevT ucx­o­el
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­sa Tu Su­a­mav­lebs. amiT si­ci­li­as or upi­ra­te­so­bas
mi­va­ni­WebT – ga­va­Ta­vi­suf­lebT mas aTe­ne­le­bis­ga­nac da Si­na­o­
me­bis­ga­nac. mo­ma­val­Sic Cve­ni Ta­vi­su­fa­li qvey­nis pat­ro­ne­bi
dav­rCe­biT da sxva ve­ras gvav­nebs~.
si­ci­li­e­le­bi da­e­Tan­xmnen her­mok­ra­tess da SeTanxmdnen,
da­es­ru­le­bi­naT omi im pi­ro­biT, rom yve­la qve­ya­na Ta­vis sam­
flo­be­lo­ebs Se­i­nar­Cu­neb­da. mxo­lod mor­gan­ti­na ga­dae­ca
ka­ma­ri­ne­lebs, ris­Tvi­sac maT si­ra­ku­ze­le­bis­Tvis gar­kve­u­li
sa­fa­su­ri un­da ga­da­ex
­ a­daT.
aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re qvey­neb­ma ga­mo­ucx­a­des aTe­nel sar­
dlebs, rom sam­Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­bas api­reben da
ma­Tac Ses­Ta­va­zes Se­er­Te­bod­nen mas. es­kad­ris Sin dab­ru­ne­bis
Sem­deg aTe­nis mTav­ro­bam pi­To­do­ros­sa da so­fok­les qvey­ni­
dan ga­Ze­ve­ba mi­u­sa­ja, ev­ri­me­dons ki – fu­la­di ja­ri­ma. isi­ni
da­a­da­na­Sa­u­les ima­Si, rom si­ci­li­is dapy­ro­bis nac­vlad qrTa­
mi ai­Res da ukan da­i­xi­es. aTe­ne­le­bi ise iy­vnen dab­rma­ve­bu­li
Ta­vi­si war­ma­te­be­biT, rom sul uf­ro mets es­wraf­vod­nen –
Se­saZ­le­bel­sac da Se­uZ­le­bel­sac.
ima­ve zaf­xuls me­ga­ris mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma, rom­le­bic did ga­sa­
Wir­Si iy­vnen aTe­ne­leb­Tan omi­sa da dev­nil­Ta ya­Ca­Ru­ri Tav­das­
xme­bis ga­mo, da­iwy­es dev­nil­Ta dab­ru­ne­ba­ze fiq­ri. dev­nil­Ta
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me­gob­reb­ma ig­rZnes xal­xis gan­wyo­bi­le­ba­Si cvlile­ba da uf­ro
da­be­ji­Te­biT mo­iTx­o­ves ma­Ti dab­ru­ne­ba. mag­ram sa­xal­xo
par­ti­is be­la­de­bi mix­vdnen, rom ltol­vi­le­bis dab­ru­ne­bis
Sem­deg ucxo Za­lis ga­re­Se de­mok­ra­ti­as ver Se­in
­ ar­Cu­neb­dnen
da da­iwy­es sa­i­dum­lo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi aTe­nel sar­dleb­Tan,
hi­pok­ra­tes­Tan da de­mos­Te­nes­Tan. aTe­nel­TaT­vis qa­la­qis
ga­da­ce­ma­Si isi­ni nak­leb xi­fa­Ts xe­dav­dnen, vid­re ltol­vi­le­
bis dab­ru­ne­ba­Si. isi­ni Se­Tan­xmdnen, rom aTe­ne­le­bi jer grZel
ked­lebs da­i­ka­ve­ben, ra­Ta pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ver mo­vid­nen ni­se­
a­dan, sa­dac me­ga­ris da­sa­ca­vad maT gar­ni­zo­ni ed­gaT. Sem­deg
SeT­qmu­le­bi Se­ec­de­bod­nen aTe­nel­Ta ze­mo qa­laq­Si SeS­ve­bas.
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis Sem­deg aTe­nel­Ta eq­vsa­si hop­li­ti, hi­pok­ra­
to­sis sar­dlo­biT, mi­vi­da kun­Zul mi­no­a­ze da ke­del­Tan ax­los
Txril­Si da­i­ma­la. msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bul­ma pla­te­e­leb­ma da
me­sazR­vre­eb­ma de­mos­Te­ne­sis sar­dlo­biT eni­a­li­o­sis sam­loc­
ve­los Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi. Ra­miT isi­ni ve­ra­vin Se­am­Cni­a. gam­Te­ni­i­sas
me­ga­rel­ma SeT­qmu­leb­ma geg­mis gan­xor­ci­e­le­ba da­iwy­es. maT
wi­nas­war mi­i­Res zo­me­bi, sa­Wi­ro dros grZe­li ked­lis WiS­ka­
ri ga­e­RoT. isi­ni da­u­ax­lov­dnen pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta gar­ni­zo­nis
uf­ross, ro­me­lic maT me­kob­re­e­bad Tvli­da da Ra­miT xSi­rad
ga­di­od­nen am WiS­kri­dan, TiT­qos aTe­ne­leb­ze Tav­da­sas­xme­lad.
ax­la, ro­de­sac WiS­ka­ri maT­Tvis ga­i­Ro, aTe­ne­leb­ma qa­laq­Si
Se­aR­wi­es. pir­ve­le­bi WiS­kar­Si de­mos­Te­ne­si da pla­te­e­le­bi
Se­vid­nen. isi­ni im ad­gi­lam­de mi­vid­nen, sa­dac dRes na­dav­lia
ga­mo­fe­ni­li. max­lob­lad mdgar­ma pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma Se­niS­nes
aTe­ne­le­bi da Se­eb­rZol­nen. Se­ta­ke­ba WiS­kar­Tan da­iwy­o. amas­
Tan, me­wi­na­ve raz­mma mte­ri uku­ag­do da WiS­ka­ri hi­pok­ra­te­sis
hop­li­te­bis mos­vlam­de Se­i­nar­Cu­na.
hop­li­te­bi WiS­kar­Si Se­vid­nen da ked­lis da­ka­ve­ba da­iwy es.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta gar­ni­zo­nis mci­re na­wi­li maT wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas
uwev­da, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki ga­iq­cnen. isi­ni Se­a­Si­na mtris Tav­das­
xmam. gar­da ami­sa xe­dav­dnen, rom me­ga­re­le­bic maT wi­na­aR­
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mdeg iy­vnen. aTe­nel­ma mac­nem ga­mo­acx­a­da, rom yve­la me­ga­rels
Se­eZ­lo ia­ra­RiT aTe­ne­lebs Se­er­Te­bo­da. es gan­cxa­de­ba rom
ga­i­go­nes, pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ma­Sin­ve ni­se­a­Si ga­iq­cnen, rad­gan
fiq­rob­dnen, rom aTe­ne­le­bi da me­ga­re­le­bi mar­Tla ga­er­Ti­
an­dnen. di­liT, ro­de­sac grZe­li ked­le­bi uk­ve aTe­nel­Ta xel­
Si iyo, me­ga­re­le­bi SiS­ma mo­ic­va. SeT­qmu­leb­ma ki mo­iTx­o­ves
WiS­kris ga­Re­ba, ra­Ta mters Seb­rZo­le­bod­nen. Se­Tan­xmdnen,
rom WiS­kris ga­­Reb­is Semdeg, aTe­ne­le­bi qa­laq­Si Se­iW­re­bod­
nen, Tvi­Ton ki sxve­bis­gan ga­sar­Ce­vad zeTs wa­is­vam­dnen. SeT­
qmul­TaT­vis WiS­kris ga­Re­ba miT uf­ro usaf­rTxo iyo, rom
aTe­ne­lebs, Se­Tan­xme­bi­sa­mebr, oTxi aTa­si hop­li­ti da eq­vsa­si
mxe­da­ri Ca­mo­u­vi­daT. SeT­qmu­leb­ma uk­ve wa­is­ves ze­Ti da WiS­
kris ga­Re­bas api­reb­dnen, ro­de­sac er­T-er­Tma Ta­nam­zrax­vel­ma
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge par­ti­as Ca­na­fiq­ri ga­ac­no. isi­ni Sej­guf­dnen
da acx­a­deb­dnen, rom ad­rec ver be­dav­dnen mter­ze Tav­das­xmas.
ax­la ki amis ga­ke­Te­ba nam­dvi­lad ar Se­iZ­le­bo­da, rad­gan qa­laqs
did saf­rTxe­Si ag­deb­dnen. isi­ni ar im­Cnev­dnen, rom icod­nen
SeT­qmu­le­bis Se­sa­xeb, mag­ram WiS­kars icav­dnen da SeT­qmu­leb­ma
mi­zans ver mi­aR­wi­es. ro­de­sac aTe­nel­ma sar­dleb­ma da­i­na­xes,
rom ra­Rac dab­rko­le­bis ga­mo qa­la­qis aRe­bas ver axer­xe­ben,
ga­dawy­vi­tes ni­sas­Tvis sa­al­yo ked­lis Se­mor­tyma. maT mi­aC­
ndaT, rom me­ga­ra da­neb­de­ba, Tu ni­se­as aRe­bas mo­a­xer­xe­ben.
aTe­ni­dan sa­Wi­ro ma­sa­la Ca­mo­it
­ a­nes da os­ta­te­bi Ca­mo­iy­va­nes.
ni­se­is gar­Se­mo ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba swra­fad mi­di­o­da. me­o­
re sa­Ra­mos­Tvis is TiT­qmis mzad iyo da Se­Si­ne­bu­li ni­se­e­le­bi
aTe­ne­lebs da­neb­dnen. pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan Sve­las isi­ni ar elod­
nen, xo­lo me­ga­re­lebs aTe­nel­Ta mxa­re­ze ga­da­su­le­bad mi­iC­
nev­dnen. gar­ni­zons was­vlis uf­le­ba mis­ces, mag­ram Ti­To­e­ul
meb­rZols un­da ga­da­e­xa­da ga­mo­sas­yi­di da Ca­e­ba­re­bi­na ia­ra­Ri.
qa­laq­Si myo­fi la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da ma­Ti me­Ta­u­ri tyved aiy­va­
nes. aTe­ne­leb­ma ni­sea da­ik
­ a­ves da da­iwy­es me­ga­ris wi­na­aR­mdeg
ope­ra­ci­e­bis sam­za­di­si.
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im dros la­ke­de­mo­ne­li bra­si­da­si si­ki­o­ni­sa da ko­rin­Tosis
mi­da­mo­eb­Si iyo da Tra­ki­a­Si sa­laS­qrod em­za­de­bo­da. igi Se­aS­
fo­Ta grZe­li ked­le­bis aRe­bis am­bav­ma. eSi­no­da, rom aTe­ne­le­
bi ni­se­as
­ a da TviT me­ga­ra­sac ai­Reb­dnen. ami­tom be­o­ti­e­lebs
maS­ve­lis ga­mog­zav­na ub­rZa­na da Tvi­To­nac me­ga­ris­ken da­iZ­
ra. bra­si­dass Tan ax­lda ori ­a­Tas Svi­da­si ko­rin­Te­li, oTx­
a­si fle­i­a­si­el
­ i, eq­vsa­si si­ki­o­ne­li hop­li­ti da mo­qi­rav­ne­Ta
gar­kve­ul
­ i ra­o­de­no­ba. bra­si­dass ime­di hqon­da, rom ni­se­as
aRe­bam­de Ca­vi­do­da ad­gil­ze. ni­se­as da­ce­mis am­ba­vi man gza­Si
Se­ity­o. ma­Sin­ve sa­ma­si rCe­u­li meb­rZo­liT bra­si­da­si me­ga­rel­
Ta qa­laq­Tan mi­vi­da. aTe­ne­le­bi sa­na­pi­ro­ze im­yo­fe­bod­nen da
is ver Se­am­Cni­es. bra­si­das­ma ga­nacx­a­da, rom ni­se­as gan­Ta­vi­
suf­le­ba un­do­da, mag­ram mis­Tvis uf­ro mniS­vne­lo­va­ni iyo,
Se­eR­wia me­ga­ra­Si da mo­sax­le­ob
­ a mi­em­xro. man mo­iTx­ov­ a qa­laq­Si
SeSveba da me­ga­re­lebs ni­se­as dab­ru­ne­ba aRuT­qva. me­ga­relTa
ori­ve par­ti­as erTnairad sa­xi­fa­Tod mi­aC­nda bra­si­da­si. erTs
eSi­no­da, rom bra­si­da­si da­ab­ru­nebs dev­ni­lebs, maT ki gan­dev­
nis; me­or
­ es ki eSinoda, rom xal­xi maT Tavs da­es­xmis da ma­Sin
Si­na­om
­ iT mo­cu­li qa­la­qi aTe­nel­Ta luk­ma gax­de­ba. ami­tom
aTe­ne­leb­ma ar mi­i­Res bra­si­da­si. ori­ve par­ti­am ga­dawy­vi­ta,
Se­ewy­vi­taT SuR­li da mov­le­na­Ta gan­vi­Ta­re­bas da­lo­de­bod­
nen. maT ime­di hqon­daT, rom mox­de­bo­da brZo­la aTe­nel­Ta da
saS­ve­lad mo­sul­Ta So­ris, bo­los ki ga­mar­jve­bu­lis mxa­res
daiWerdnen. bra­si­da­si, ro­mel­mac me­ga­re­le­bi ver da­ar­wmu­na,
Ta­vis laS­qars da­ub­run­da.
di­l­iT mas­Tan be­o­ti­e­le­bi mi­vid­nen. vi­Ta­re­ba maT­Tvi­sac
sa­xi­fa­To iyo da ami­tom jer ki­dev bra­si­da­sis mo­wo­de­bam­de
maT ga­dawy­vi­tes me­ga­ras miS­ve­le­bod­nen. bra­si­da­sis Sik­ri­kis
mos­vlis me­re isi­ni ki­dev uf­ro ga­newy­vnen sab­rZol­ve­lad da
bra­si­dass ori­a­Tas ora­si hop­li­ti da eq­vsa­si mxe­da­ri ga­ug­
zav­nes. ax­la bra­si­dass, sul co­ta, eq­vsi aTa­si hop­li­ti hyav­da.
aTe­ne­li hop­li­te­bi sab­rZo­lo mzad­yof­na­Si id­gnen ni­se­as­Tan
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da sa­na­pi­ro­ze, xo­lo msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Te­bi dab­
lob­Si iy­vnen gab­ne­u­le­bi. be­o­ti­el
­ i mxed­re­bi Tavs da­es­xnen
maT da zRvis­ken ga­re­kes. es ie­ri­Si sru­li­ad mo­u­lod­ne­li iyo,
rad­gan me­ga­re­lebs aqam­de ara­vin ex­ma­re­bo­da. aTe­ne­li mxed­re­
bic Ca­eb­nen saq­me­Si. ga­i­mar­Ta xan­grZli­vi brZo­la, ro­mel­Sic
ori­ve mxa­re Tavs ga­mar­jve­bu­lad mi­iC­nev­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­wi­
na­aR­mde­ge­Ta sar­da­li da ram­de­ni­me mxe­da­ri ni­se­is ked­leb­
Tan da­xo­ces, ma­Ti cxed­re­bi xelT ig­des da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges
mxo­lod da­za­ve­bi­sas da­ub­ru­nes. maT­ve aR­mar­Tes ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni. mag­ram am brZo­la­Si ma­inc arc erT mxa­res ar mi­uR­we­via
ga­dam­wyve­ti upi­ra­te­so­bis­Tvis. b
B e­o­ti­e­le­bi Ta­vis hop­li­tebs
da­ub­run­dnen, aTe­ne­le­bi ki – ni­se­as.
bra­si­da­si Ta­vi­si laS­qriT qa­laqs mi­u­ax­lov­da. iq mo­sa­xer­
xe­be­li po­zi­cia Se­ar­Cia da da­ba­nak­da aTe­nel­Ta Tav­das­xmis
mo­lo­din­Si. mis­Tvis cxa­di iyo, rom me­ga­re­le­bi er­T-er­Ti
mxa­ris ga­mar­jve­bas elod­nen. spar­te­li sar­da­li Ta­vis mdgo­
ma­re­o­bas xel­say­re­lad mi­iC­nev­da. is ar iyo Tav­dam­sxme­li,
mas ar uwev­da Ta­vis ne­biT laS­qris xi­faT­Si Cag­de­ba, mag­ram
aS­ka­rad aC­ve­neb­da me­to­qes, rom mzad iyo sab­rZol­ve­lad.
am­gva­rad, mas ime­di hqon­da, rom ga­mar­jve­bas brZo­lis ga­re­Se
mo­i­po­veb­da. gar­da ami­sa, ime­dov­neb­da me­ga­re­leb­Tan ke­Ti­li
ur­Ti­er­To­be­bis dam­ya­re­bas, rad­gan pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi pir­ve­
le­bi ar es­xmod­nen Tavs. bra­si­da­si aq rom ar mo­su­li­yo, qa­la­qi
mis­Tvis da­kar­gu­li iq­ne­bo­da, ax­la ki, Tu aTe­ne­le­bi brZo­las
Tavs aa­ri­de­ben, is ub­rZol­ve­lad mi­aR­wevs mi­zans. asec mox­da.
bo­los da bo­los, me­ga­re­leb­ma mas WiS­ka­ri ga­u­Res. mar­Ta­li­a,
aTe­ne­le­bi jer ga­mo­vid­nen si­mag­ri­dan da sab­rZol­ve­lad
mo­ewy­vnen grZel ke­del­Tan, mag­ram rad­gan la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
Se­te­va­ze ar ga­da­vid­nen, arc isi­ni daZ­ru­lan ad­gi­li­dan. aTe­
ne­li sar­dle­bis az­riT, isi­ni me­to­qe­ze met xi­faT­Si ig­deb­dnen
Tavs: aTe­ne­leb­ma xom Ta­vis mi­zans Zi­ri­Ta­dad mi­aR­wi­es. Tu ax­la
brZo­las da­iwy­eb­dnen, mra­val­ricx­o­van mter­Tan ga­mar­jve­bis
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Sem­Txve­va­Si, Se­Z­lebdnen me­ga­ras xel­Si Cag­debas, sa­ma­gi­e­rod,
Tu da­mar­cxde­bod­nen, Ta­vis rCeul hop­li­tebs da­kar­gav­dnen.
gar­kve­ul
­ i dro­is Sem­deg, rad­gan arc er­Ti mxa­re ar ga­da­su­la
ie­riS­ze, aTe­ne­le­bi ni­se­a­Si dab­run­dnen, pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ki
Ta­vis po­zi­ci­eb­ze. amis Sem­deg me­ga­ra­Si dev­nil­Ta mom­xre­eb­
ma ga­i­mar­jves da WiS­ka­ri ga­u­Res bra­si­dass, ro­gorc ga­mar­
jve­buls. me­ga­re­leb­ma da­iwy­es mas­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba, rad­gan
aTe­nel­Ta mom­xre­e­bi daT­rgu­nu­le­bi iy­vnen.
amis me­re mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi Sin dab­run­dnen, bra­si­da­si ki –
ko­rin­TosSi dab­run­da, ra­Ta Tra­ki­a­Si laS­qro­bis sam­za­di­si
ga­eg­rZe­le­bi­na. aTe­nel­Ta ukan da­xe­vis Sem­deg ma­Ti mom­xre­eb
­ i
ga­iq­cnen qa­la­qi­dan, sxva mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma ki dev­ni­le­bi da­ab­ru­nes.
amas­Tan, maT fi­ci da­a­de­bi­nes, rom Zvel wye­nas da­i­viwy­eb­dnen.
mag­ram, ro­gorc ki dab­ru­ne­bul­ma oli­gar­qeb­ma Za­la­uf­le­ba
mo­i­po­ves, maT laS­qris daT­va­li­e­re­ba mo­awy­es. Se­ar­Ci­es asi
ka­ci, vi­sac Ta­vis mtre­bad da aTe­nel­Ta mom­xre­e­bad mi­iC­nev­
dnen da xal­xi ai­Zu­les, maT­Tvis sik­vdi­li mi­e­sa­jaT. qve­ya­na­Si
uki­du­re­si oli­gar­qia dam­yar­da. am ga­dat­ri­a­le­bis Se­de­gad
Seq­mni­li wyo­ba sak­ma­od di­dxans Se­nar­Cun­da.
ima­ve zaf­xuls mi­ti­le­nel­ma ltol­vi­leb­ma an­tan­dro­sis
ga­mag­re­ba ga­dawy­vi­tes. aTe­ne­li sar­dle­bi de­mo­do­ko­si da
aris­ti­de­si, ro­mel­Ta es­kad­rac mo­kav­Si­re­Ta­gan xarks kref­
da, am dros he­les­pon­tSi im­yo­fe­bod­nen, xo­lo la­ma­qo­si aTi
xo­mal­diT pon­to­Si mi­e­mar­Te­bo­da. sar­dleb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
laS­qa­ri Sek­ri­bes da an­tan­dro­sis­ken gas­wi­es. da­a­mar­cxes Se­sax­
ved­rad ga­mo­su­li mi­ti­le­ne­le­bi da kvlav da­ik­ a­ves an­tan­dro­
si. Sem­deg la­ma­qo­si pon­to­Si wa­vi­da. iq man av­dar­Si xo­mal­de­bi
da­kar­ga da Ta­vis raz­miT xme­le­TiT dab­run­da kal­qe­don­Si.
ima­ve zaf­xuls, me­ga­ri­dan aTe­nel­Ta ukan­ da­xe­vis Sem­deg,
de­mos­Te­ne­si or­mo­ci xo­mal­diT nav­paq­tos­Si Ca­vi­da. mas­Tan da
hi­pok­ra­tes­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi da­iwy­es be­o­ti­e­leb­ma, ro­mel­
Tac Ta­vi­anT qvey­neb­Si oli­gar­qi­is de­mok­ra­ti­iT Sec­vla sur­
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daT. Te­be­dan dev­ni­li pte­o­do­ro­sis rCe­viT, am­gva­ri geg­ma
Sed­ga: aTe­nel­TaT­vis un­da ga­da­e­caT si­fa, nav­sad­gu­ri Te­sa­
li­a­Si, or­qo­me­no­se­lebs ki – qe­ro­ne­a, be­o­ti­i­sa da fo­ki­sis
sa­sazR­vro qa­la­qi. am geg­miT gan­sa­kuT­re­biT da­in­te­re­se­bu­li
or­qo­me­no­si­dan dev­ni­le­bi iy­vnen, isi­ni mo­qi­rav­ne­ebs ag­ro­veb­
dnen pe­lo­po­nes­Si. SeT­qmu­le­ba­Si fo­ke­e­le­bic mo­na­wi­le­ob­dnen.
am dros aTe­ne­lebs un­da da­e­ka­ve­bi­naT de­li­o­si, apo­lo­nis
sam­loc­ve­lo ta­nag­ris ol­qSi, ev­be­is pir­da­pir. am pun­qtebs
rom ga­am
­ ag­reb­dnen, be­o­ti­is qa­la­qeb­Si ajan­ye­ba ki­de­vac rom
ar dawy­e­bu­li­yo, SeT­qmu­lebs eq­ne­bo­daT say­rde­ni qve­ya­na­ze
ga­mud­me­bu­li Tav­das­xmis­Tvis, ma­Ti mom­xre­e­bi ki Tav­Se­sa­fars
ipo­vid­nen. amis Sem­deg Zveli wyo­ba did­xans ve­Rar ga­Z­lebda
da aTe­nel­Ta laS­qars be­o­ti­e­le­bi er­Ti­a­ni Za­le­biT ve­Rar
aRud­ge­bod­nen win.
hi­pok­ra­te­si mzad iyo, xel­say­rel dros ga­e­laS­qra be­o­ti­
a­Si. man de­mos­Te­ne­si or­mo­ci xo­mal­diT nav­paq­tos­Si gag­zav­na.
iq mas mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi un­da Se­ek­ri­ba da Tavs das­xmo­da si­fas,
rom­lis xel­Si Cag­de­ba­sac mo­Ra­la­te­Ta dax­ma­re­biT ime­dov­neb­
dnen. da­niS­nes dRe, ro­de­sac er­Tdro­u­lad un­da mom­xda­ri­yo
da­geg­mi­li Tav­das­xme­bi. ad­gil­ze rom Ca­vi­da, de­mos­Te­nes­ma
Se­ity­o, rom akar­na­ni­e­leb­ma oi­ni­a­dac Se­iy­va­nes aTe­nel­Ta
kav­Sir­Si. de­mos­Te­nes­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad ag­ra­i­e­bic da­i­
mor­Ci­la da be­o­ti­a­Si laS­qro­bis­Tvis m­za­deba da­iwy­o.
ima­ve zaf­xuls, da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros, bra­si­das­ma aTas
Svi­da­si hop­li­tiT Tra­ki­ul sa­na­pi­ro­ze ga­i­laS­qra. he­rak­le­
a­dan man Te­sa­li­e­lebs maT mi­wa­ze gav­lis ne­ba sTxo­va. mas­Tan
mo­vid­nen Te­sa­li­e­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, ra­Ta bra­si­da­si ga­e­ci­le­
bi­naT – maT ga­re­Se Te­sa­li­is mi­wa­ze gav­la ar iq­ne­bo­da io­li.
sa­er­To­dac, me­zo­be­li qvey­nis mi­wa­ze laS­qris ga­da­ad­gi­le­ba
ad­gi­lob­riv xe­li­su­fal­Ta Tan­xmo­bis ga­re­Se elin­TaT­vis
sa­eW­vo iq­ne­bo­da. gar­da ami­sa, Te­sa­li­e­le­bi aTe­ne­lebs Ta­na­ug­
rZnob­dnen da, Cve­u­li iso­no­mia maT­Tan uki­du­re­si oli­gar­qi­iT
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rom ar Sec­vli­li­yo, isi­ni bra­si­dass ar ga­a­ta­reb­dnen. ax­lac
mi­si me­go­ba­ri oli­gar­qe­bis mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­ma sca­des mis­Tvis
gzis ga­da­Rob­va, mag­ram mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bis Sem­deg bra­si­das­ma
laS­qro­ba ga­nag­rZo da ma­ke­do­ni­is sazR­vars mi­ad­ga.
am­gva­rad, bra­si­das­ma mo­a­xer­xa Te­sa­li­is swra­fad gav­la,
sa­nam Te­sa­li­e­le­bi mis­Tvis xe­lis SeS­las mo­as­wreb­dnen, da
per­di­kas­Tan da qal­ki­de­leb­Tan Ca­vi­da. swo­red aTe­nel­Ta
war­ma­te­be­biT Se­Si­ne­bul­ma per­di­kam da ajan­ye­bul­ma Tra­ki­
ul­ma qa­la­qeb­ma ga­mo­i­Za­xes is pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan. qal­ki­de­le­bi
aTe­nel­Ta Tav­das­xmas elod­nen. me­zo­be­li qvey­ne­bi jer ar
am­bo­xe­bu­liy­vnen, mag­ram bra­si­da­sis mow­ve­vas Ta­na­ug­rZnob­
dnen. per­di­ka ar iyo aTe­nel­Ta aS­ka­ra mte­ri, mag­ram Zve­li
cod­ve­bis ga­mo ma­inc eSi­no­da ma­Ti. gar­da ami­sa, mas sur­da
da­e­mor­Ci­le­bi­na lin­kes­te­bis me­fe ara­ba­i­o­si. la­ke­de­mo­nel­
Ta uka­nas­knel­ma wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bam ga­u­ad­vi­la qal­ki­de­lebs
pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan maS­ve­li laS­qris ga­moTx­o­va.
mar­Tlac, la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ime­di hqon­daT, rom Se­a­fer­xeb­
dnen aTe­nel­Ta Ta­reSs pe­lo­po­nes­Si da gan­sa­kuT­re­biT la­ko­
ni­a­Si, Tu jars ga­ug­zav­nid­nen aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­ebs. Ta­nac
spar­te­lebs ga­uC­ndaT sa­sur­ve­li sa­ba­bi he­lo­te­bis na­wi­lis
qvey­ni­dan ga­say­va­nad, ra­Ta isi­ni ar ajan­ye­bu­liy­vnen, sa­nam
mte­ri pi­los­Si iyo. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta Zi­ri­Ta­di Ro­nis­Zi­e­be­bi
swo­red he­lo­te­bis mor­Ci­le­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bas isa­xav­da miz­nad.
axal­gaz­rda he­lo­te­bis Tav­xe­do­biT SeS­fo­Te­bu­leb­ma aseT
zo­ma­sac ki mi­mar­Tes er­Txel. maT Se­ar­Ci­es he­lo­te­bi, vi­sac
Ta­vi sam­xed­ro saq­mis mcod­ned mi­aC­nda (swo­red ese­ni iq­ne­
bod­nen yve­la­ze sa­xi­fa­To) da Ta­vi­suf­le­bas dah­pir­dnen maT.
gvir­gvi­ne­biT Sem­ku­li ori aTa­si ymaw­vi­li taZ­reb­Si mi­iy­va­nes,
TiT­qos maT Ta­vi­suf­le­bas aZ­lev­dnen, Sem­deg ki wa­iy­va­nes da
fa­ru­lad da­xo­ces. ara­vin ico­da, sad da ro­dis da­i­Rup­nen
isi­ni. ax­lac la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma Sem­Txve­viT isar­geb­les da
bra­si­dass hop­li­te­bad Svi­da­si he­lo­ti ga­a­ta­nes.
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la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma bra­si­da­si, pir­vel rig­Si, mi­si­ve sur­vi­
liT gag­zav­nes, Tum­ca qal­ki­de­le­bic swo­red amas iTx­ov­dnen,
rad­gan mas saq­mi­a­ni da go­ni­e­ri ka­cis sa­xe­li hqon­da. am laS­
qro­ba­Sic bra­si­das­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs di­di sam­sa­xu­ri ga­u­wi­a.
mi­si da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba aTe­nis mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan sa­mar­Tli­a­ni
da zo­mi­e­ri iyo. qvey­ne­bis um­rav­le­so­ba man ga­da­i­bi­ra, zo­gi
ki mo­Ra­la­te­Ta dax­ma­re­biT da­i­mor­Ci­la. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
xel­say­rel mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si aR­moC­ndnen. maT Se­eZ­loT Se­e­Ta­
va­ze­bi­naT za­vi, rac mog­vi­an
­ e­biT ga­a­ke­Tes ki­dec. maT es qvey­
ne­bi aTe­nel­Ta mi­er da­ka­ve­bul pun­qteb­ze gac­va­les da amiT,
pe­lo­po­ness omis sa­Si­ne­le­bebi aa­ci­les. si­ci­li­is mov­le­ne­bis
Sem­de­gac, bra­si­da­sis kac­Tmoy­va­re­ob
­ a da go­ni­e­re­ba izi­dav­
da aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­ebs. bra­si­da­si pir­ve­li la­ke­de­mo­ne­
li iyo, vinc So­re­ul laS­qro­ba­Si sru­li­ad pa­ti­o­sa­ni ka­cis
sa­xe­li mo­i­po­va da aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­ebs Ca­a­go­na, rom sxva
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bic ase­Te­bi ari­an.
aTe­ne­leb­ma per­di­ka mtrad ga­mo­acx­a­des, ro­gorc ki bra­
si­da­sis Tra­ki­a­Si Cas­vlis am­ba­vi ga­i­ges. ma­ke­do­ni­is me­fes
am laS­qro­bis su­lis­Cam­dgme­lad mi­iC­nev­dnen da am re­gi­on­Si
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze meT­val­yu­re­o­ba ga­am­kac­res.
ro­gorc ki bra­si­da­si­sa da per­di­kas raz­me­bi Se­er­Tdnen,
maT ma­Sin­ve ga­i­laS­qres ara­ba­io
­ ­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg. ro­de­sac ma­Ti
laS­qa­ri uRel­te­xils mi­ad­ga lin­kos­Tan, bra­si­das­ma ga­nacx­a­da,
rom brZo­lis dawy­e­bam­de sur­da ara­ba­i­oss da­la­pa­ra­ke­bo­da
da eca­da me­fis la­ke­de­mo­nel­TaT­vis mim­xro­ba. mar­Tlac, ara­
ba­i­oss uk­ve ga­mog­zav­ni­li hyav­da mac­ne bra­si­das­Tan wi­na­da­
de­biT, rom mi­si per­di­kas­Tan da­va mom­ri­ge­bel mo­sa­mar­Tles
ga­da­ewy­vi­ta. qal­ki­del­Ta el­Ceb­mac ur­Ci­es bra­si­dass, per­di­ka
mud­mi­vad SiS­Si hyo­lo­da, ra­Ta igi uf­ro yu­radR­e­biT mo­hki­
de­bo­da qal­ki­del­Ta saq­mes. per­di­kas el­Ce­bi am­bob­dnen, rom
per­di­kas la­ke­de­mo­nel­TaT­vis bev­ri me­zob­lis mim­xro­ba Se­eZ­
lo. ami­tom bra­si­das­ma Ta­vi val­de­bu­lad CaT­va­la, per­di­ka­sa
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da ara­ba­i­o­sis saq­me ga­da­ewy­vi­ta. mag­ram per­di­kam ga­nacx­ad
­ a,
rom man bra­si­da­si mo­sa­mar­Tled ki ara, mo­kav­Si­red mo­iw­vi­a da
bra­si­das­mac imas­Tan un­da io­mos, vis­ze­dac mi­u­Ti­Te­ben. per­
di­kas wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis mi­ux
­ e­da­vad, bra­si­das­ma mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba
da­iwyo ara­ba­i­os­Tan, dar­wmun­da mis si­mar­Tle­Si da mis mi­wa­ze
aRar Se­iW­ra. nawy­en­ma per­di­kam laS­qris xar­je­bis na­xev­ris
ma­giv­rad me­sa­me­di ga­da­i­xa­da.
ima­ve zaf­xuls, rTve­lis win bra­si­das­ma qal­ki­de­leb­Tan
er­Tad akan­Tos­ze ga­i­laS­qra. mo­sax­le­o­ba ka­ma­Tob­da, Se­eS­vaT
Tu ara bra­si­da­si qa­laq­Si. rad­gan mo­sa­va­li jer aRe­bu­li ar
hqon­daT, ma­inc Se­Sin­dnen da ga­dawy­vi­tes, mi­e­RoT mxo­lod
bra­si­da­si da mo­es­mi­naT mis­Tvis. ma­Sin bra­si­da­si sa­xal­xo kre­
ba­ze sity­viT ga­mo­vi­da (la­ke­de­mo­ne­lis kva­lo­ba­ze is kar­gi
ora­to­ri iyo):
`la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­mom­gzav­nes me laS­qriT, ra­Ta da­va­das­
tu­roT omis da­sawy­is­Si ga­ke­Te­bu­li gan­cxa­de­ba, rom Cven veb­
rZviT aTe­ne­lebs ela­dis Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis. nu dag­vZra­xavT,
rom ase gvi­an Ca­mo­ve­diT. Cven Sev­cdiT, ro­de­sac vi­fiq­reT, rom
er­Ti er­Tze io­lad da­va­mar­cxeb­diT aTe­ne­lebs ati­ka­Si Tqve­ni
xi­faT­Si Cag­de­bis ga­re­Se. mxo­lod ax­la mog­ve­ca sa­Su­a­le­ba aq
Ca­mov­su­li­ya­viT, ra­Ta Tqve­ni dax­ma­re­biT da­va­mar­cxoT isi­ni.
me mak­vir­vebs, rom Tqven WiS­ka­ri dag­vi­ke­teT imis ma­giv­rad,
rom Cve­ni da­nax­va gag­xa­re­bo­daT. Cven aq mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis nax­
vas ve­lo­diT da ime­di gvqon­da, Cve­ni mos­vliT ga­ga­xa­reb­diT.
ami­saT­vis ga­da­vi­a­reT ucxo qve­ya­na da moT­mi­ne­biT vi­tan­diT
ga­sa­Wirs. Tu amis Sem­deg Tqven sxva­na­ir
­ ad xarT gan­wyo­bil­ni
da arc sa­ku­Tar Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­ze fiq­robT da arc da­nar­Ce­ni
ela­di­sa­ze, es nam­dvi­li ube­du­re­ba­a. ara mxo­lod imi­tom, rom
Tqven me­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­biT, ara­med imi­to­mac, rom sxve­bi, vis­
Ta­nac Tqvens me­re mi­val, nak­le­bi xa­li­siT Se­mo­mi­er­Tde­bi­an.
isi­ni amas sa­xi­fa­Tod CaT­vli­an mas Sem­deg, rac Tqven­ma did­ma
da go­ni­e­re­biT gan­Tqmul­ma qve­ya­nam me ar mi­mi­Ro. me ar meq­ne­
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ba amis ax­sna da isi­ni ifiq­re­ben, rom Cem mi­er Se­Ta­va­ze­bu­li
Ta­vi­suf­le­ba sa­eW­vo­a, me ki ar maqvs sak­ma­ri­si Za­la, rom isi­
ni aTe­nel­Ta­gan da­vic­va. mag­ram ro­de­sac am laS­qriT ni­se­a­Si
mi­ve­di, aTe­ne­leb­ma, mi­u­xe­da­vad ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­bi­sa,
ver ga­be­des Cem­Tan Seb­rZo­le­ba. ax­lac ar aris mo­sa­lod­ne­li,
rom isi­ni xo­mal­de­biT gad­mo­ag­zav­ni­an iseT laS­qars, ro­go­
ric ni­se­a­Si hyav­daT.
me aq bo­ro­ti gan­zrax­viT ar Ca­mov­sul­var. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
xe­li­suf­le­bam sa­ze­im
­ od da­if
­ i­ca, rom pa­tivs scems Ti­To­eu
­ ­
li qvey­nis da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­bas, Cve­ni mo­kav­Si­re gax­de­ba. me ar
va­pi­reb Za­liT an eS­ma­ko­biT Ca­ga­baT Cvens kav­Sir­Si. me mxo­lod
imis­Tvis var mo­su­li, rom aTe­nel­Ta­gan da­mo­ne­bu­lebs da­gex­
ma­roT. me mgo­ni­a, Tqven ar Se­giZ­li­aT arc bo­rot gan­zrax­va­Si
da­ma­da­na­Sa­u­loT, arc sust dam­xma­red Cam­Tva­loT. ami­tom
Ta­vi­suf­lad Se­giZ­li­aT Se­mo­mi­er­TdeT. Tu vin­me Si­Sobs, rom
me xe­li­suf­le­bas qve­ya­na­Si ro­me­li­me jgufs ga­dav­cem, Se­uZ­
lia sav­se­biT men­dos. me ar mov­sul­var Tqvens Si­na­ur saq­me­eb­Si
mo­na­wi­le­o­bis­Tvis da vfiq­rob, cud Ta­vi­suf­le­bas mo­gi­tan­
diT, Tu Tqve­ni we­se­bis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god xal­xis um­rav­le­so­
bas pa­ta­ra jgufs da­vu­mor­Ci­leb­di. mar­Tlac, er­Ti jgu­fis
ba­to­no­ba­ze dam­ya­re­bu­li Ta­vi­suf­le­ba ucx­o­el­Ta ba­to­no­ba­ze
ua­re­sia da Cven, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, mad­lo­bis ma­giv­rad Tqven­
gan say­ve­durs da­vim­sa­xu­reb­diT. is bral­de­be­bi, rom­leb­sac
Cven aTe­ne­lebs vu­ye­nebT da ris ga­moc maT ve­o­me­biT, ki­dev
uf­ro mZi­me iq­ne­bo­da, Tu Cven Se­mog­vib­run­de­bo­da. pa­tiv­ce­
mu­li ada­mi­a­nis­Tvis sxvi­si qo­ne­bis moty­u­e­biT da fa­ru­lad
da­uf­le­ba uf­ro sa­mar­cxvi­noa, vid­re Za­la­do­biT da aS­ka­rad.
uka­nas­knel Sem­Txve­va­Si is be­dis wya­lo­bas – Zli­e­ris uf­le­
bas em­ya­re­ba, pir­vel­Si ki – sul­mdab­lo­bas. ami­tom Cven Zal­ze
frTxi­lad vmoq­me­debT, ro­de­sac saq­me Cvens in­te­re­sebs exe­ba;
Tqvenc ve­ra­vis­gan mi­i­RebT iseT mtki­ce ga­ran­ti­as, ro­gorc
im xal­xis­gan, vinc saq­miT am­tki­cebs, rom sity­vis er­Tgu­le­ba
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mis in­te­re­seb­Si­a. mag­ram Tu Tqven ity­viT, rom ver mi­i­RebT
Cems wi­na­da­de­bas, Tum­ca uars ar am­bobT Cem­Tan me­gob­ro­ba­
ze; rom Ta­vi­suf­le­ba Tqven sa­xi­fa­To saq­med mi­gaC­ni­aT, igi
mxo­lod mas ekuT­vnis, vi­sac Se­uZ­lia mi­si mi­Re­ba, mag­ram igi
Tavs ara­vis un­da mo­ax­vi­o, ma­Sin me mow­med mo­vix­mob Tqvens
Rmer­Teb­sa da gmi­rebs, rom ke­Ti­li sur­vi­liT mo­ve­di, mag­ram
ver da­gar­wmu­neT. ma­Sin me mo­mi­wevs, ava­ox­ro Tqve­ni mi­wa da
ga­iZ­ u­loT, rom Se­mo­mi­er­TdeT. me Tavs dam­na­Sa­ved ar vig­rZnob.
pi­ri­qiT, me maqvs sa­fuZ­ve­li ase mo­viq­ce. pir­vel rig­Si, ar
Se­iZ­le­ba da­vuS­vaT, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, mi­u­xe­da­vad Tqve­ni
ke­Til­gan­wyo­bi­sa, itan­je­bod­nen imis ga­mo, rom Tqven fuls
aZ­levT aTe­ne­lebs. me­o­re mxriv, Tqve­ni saq­ci­e­li xels ar
un­da uS­li­des eli­nebs, mo­i­So­ron aTe­nel­Ta ba­to­no­ba. sa­yo­
vel­Tao si­ke­Tis ga­mo, Cven, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, iZu­le­bu­le­bi
varT, Za­liT ga­ga­Ta­vi­suf­loT. wi­na­aR­mdeg Sem­Txve­va­Si Cven
ar gveq­ne­ba elin­Ta gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bis uf­le­ba. Cven ar ves­
wraf­viT maT­ze ba­to­no­bas, vcdi­lobT sxvis ba­to­no­bas mo­vu­
RoT bo­lo. ami­tom Cven usa­mar­Tlod mo­veq­ce­o­diT da­nar­Cen
eli­nebs, Tu, aq gan­ma­Ta­vi­suf­leb­lad mo­su­le­bi, mog­cem­diT
wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ne­bas. ga­mo­i­ta­neT swo­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba da
eca­deT elin­Ta So­ris pir­ve­le­bi gan­Ta­vi­suf­ldeT, ri­Tac
did sa­xels mo­ix­veWT. amiT Tav­sac ga­da­ir­CenT, qo­ne­ba­sac da
di­de­ba­sac mo­i­po­vebT.~
akan­To­se­le­bi na­wi­lob­riv da­ar­wmu­na, na­wi­lob­riv Se­a­Si­na
bra­si­da­sis sity­vam da maT di­di um­rav­le­so­biT ga­dawy­vi­tes
aTe­nel­Ta­gan gan­dgo­ma. mi­i­Res bra­si­da­sis laS­qa­ri da fi­ci
da­a­de­bi­nes, rom mi­si yve­la axa­li mo­kav­Si­re da­mo­uk
­ i­de­be­li
dar­Ce­bo­da.
be­o­ti­as­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li geg­me­bis mi­xed­viT, mom­dev­no
zam­Tris da­sawy­is­Si de­mos­Te­ne­si si­Ta­Si un­da gam­gzav­re­bu­
li­yo, hi­pok­ra­te­si ki – de­li­os­Si. maT gaT­vle­bi Se­e­Sa­laT da
de­mos­Te­ne­si akar­na­ne­leb­Tan da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad
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si­Ta­Si na­ad­re­vad mi­vi­da. ama­so­ba­Si SeT­qmu­le­bis Se­sa­xeb ga­ig
­ es
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma, maT­gan ki – be­ot
­ i­e­leb­ma. be­o­ti­el­Ta laS­
qar­ma da­i­ka­va si­Ta da qe­ro­ne­a. SeT­qmu­leb­ma wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis
Se­sa­xeb rom ga­i­ges, ua­ri Tqves ajan­ye­ba­ze.E
ama­so­ba­Si hi­pok­ra­tes­ma aTe­ne­li mo­qa­la­qe­e­bis, me­te­ke­bi­sa
da qa­laq­Si myo­fi ucx­o­e­le­bis­gan sa­xal­xo laS­qa­ri Sek­ri­ba
da de­li­os­Si Ca­vi­da, mag­ram Za­li­an gvi­an, rad­gan be­o­ti­e­leb­
ma uk­ve da­to­ves si­Ta. igi da­ba­nak­da da de­li­o­sis ga­mag­re­ba
brZa­na. me­om­reb­ma sam­loc­ve­los Txri­li da mi­way­ri­li Se­mo­
av­les. mi­way­ril­ze ga­av­les xis me­se­ri da qve­biT, agu­re­biTa da
mi­way­ri­liT aa­maR­les. alag­-a­lag xis koS­ke­bic Cad­ges. isi­ni
ram­de­ni­me dRis man­Zil­ze mu­Sa­ob­dnen da, ro­de­sac si­mag­re
TiT­qmis mzad iyo, laS­qar­ma de­li­os
­ i­dan aTi sta­di­on
­ iT ukan
da­i­xi­a. msu­bu­qad Se­ia­ ­ra­Re­bu­li meb­rZo­le­bi gzas ag­rZe­leb­
dnen, hop­li­teb­ma ki sa­Wur­ve­li mo­ix­snes da da­sas­ve­neb­lad
das­xdnen. hi­pok­ra­te­si jer ki­dev de­li­os­Si iyo da sa­mu­Sa­o­eb
­ is
das­ru­le­bas xel­mZRva­ne­lob­da.
be­ot
­ i­e­leb­ma ta­nag­ra­Si Tav­Sey­ra da­iwy­es. raz­me­bi uk­ve yve­
la qa­la­qi­dan iyo mo­su­li, ro­de­sac aTe­ne­le­bis ukan gab­ru­ne­ba
Se­ity­ves. be­o­tar­qTa um­rav­le­so­ba brZo­lis wi­na­aR­mde­gi iyo,
rad­gan mte­ri maT mi­was uk­ve to­veb­da. mag­ram Te­be­li be­o­tar­qi
da mTa­var­sar­da­li pa­go­ni­da­si sxva az­ri­sa iyo. is ar­wmu­neb­da
be­o­ti­e­lebs, aTe­ne­lebs Seb­rZo­le­bod­nen:
`be­o­ti­e­le­bo, arc er­Tma Cven­gan­ma ar un­da Tqvas ua­ri aTe­
ne­leb­Tan brZo­la­ze, Tun­dac Cvens mi­wa­ze maT ver mi­vus­wroT.
maT da­ar­Rvi­es sazR­va­ri da Cven­Tan si­mag­re aaSe­nes, ra­Ta
be­o­tia da­er­bi­aT. am­de­nad, isi­ni Cve­ni mtre­biE ari­an. Tu vin­me
fiq­rob­da, rom Cven­Tvis uf­ro usaf­rTxo­a, ar Se­veb­rZo­loT
mters, ax­la az­ri un­da Se­vic­va­loT. win­da­xe­du­le­ba da sif­
rTxi­le Ta­vis­Ta­vad kar­gi Tvi­se­be­bi­a, mag­ram ro­de­sac mte­ri
kars mo­gvad­ga da sam­Sob­lo saf­rTxe­Si­a, fiq­ris dro ar aris.
Cven odiT­gan­ve vi­ge­ri­eb­diT ucx­o­e­lebs, Cvens mi­wa­zec da
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me­zob­li­sa­zec. aTe­ne­leb­Tan sab­rZol­ve­lad ki­dev uf­ro me­ti
sa­fuZ­ve­li gvaqvs. isi­ni xom Cve­ni me­zob­le­bi ari­an, xo­lo una­
ri, win aRud­ge me­zo­bels, Ta­vi­suf­le­bis sa­win­da­ri­a. ro­gor
ar Se­veb­rZo­loT xalxs, vi­sac ara mar­to me­zob­le­bis, ara­med
So­re­u­li qvey­ne­bis da­mor­Ci­le­bac un­daT? ga­saf­rTxi­leb­lad
ager, ga­daR­ma mde­ba­re ev­be­a­sa da TiT­qmis mTe­li ela­dis mo­sax­
le­o­bis be­di ga­mog­vad­ge­ba. Tu sxve­bi omiT wyve­ten me­zob­leb­
Tan sazR­vris sa­kiTxs, Cven un­da gves­mo­des, rom da­mar­cxe­bis
Sem­Txve­va­Si Cvens qve­ya­nas er­Ta­der­Ti sazR­va­ri eq­ne­ba. Tu
me­zob­le­bi sa­sazR­vro da­vebs omiT wyve­ten, Cven da­mar­cxe­bis
Sem­Txve­va­Si er­Tad­er­Ti sazR­va­ri gveq­ne­ba. isi­ni Se­mo­iW­re­bi­an
Cvens mi­wa­ze da mTel Cvens qo­ne­bas da­e­pat­ro­ne­bi­an. ai, ro­go­
ri me­zob­le­bi ari­an aTe­ne­le­bi. Cve­u­leb­riv, sa­ku­Tar Za­leb­Si
dar­wmu­ne­bu­li mte­ri da­u­yov­neb­liv es­xmis Tavs me­zo­bels,
Tu is umoq­me­do­da­a an mxo­lod Tavs icavs. mag­ram Tu mters
mzad dax­vde­bi, mas Sens sazR­vrebs miR­ma Se­eb­rZo­le­bi da Se­u­
tev, Se­iZ­le­ba da­giT­mos ki­dec. ama­Si sa­ku­Ta­ri ga­moc­di­le­bac
da­gar­wmu­neb­daT. er­Txel aTe­ne­leb­ma uk­ve isar­geb­les Cven
So­ris gan­xeT­qi­le­biT da da­i­mor­Ci­les be­o­ti­a, mag­ram Cven
da­va­mar­cxeT isi­ni ko­ro­ne­as­Tan da mas Sem­deg da­mo­u­ki­deb­
le­bi varT. nu da­vi­viwy­ebT amas. uf­ro­seb­ma miv­ba­ZoT Cvens
Zvel gmi­ro­bas, xo­lo axal­gaz­rde­bi iya­viT Tqve­ni ma­me­bis
Rir­se­ul
­ i Svi­le­bi. Rmer­Tis dax­ma­re­biT, rom­lis sa­lo­ca­vic
aTe­ne­leb­ma wa­bil­wes da ci­xed aq­ci­es, Se­vu­ti­oT mters. vaC­
ve­noT aTe­ne­lebs, rom, mar­Ta­li­a, sxvebs ar vipy­robT, mag­ram
Cve­ni sam­Sob­los dac­vas Sev­ZlebT.~
am sity­ve­biT pa­go­ni­das­ma da­ar­wmu­na be­o­ti­e­le­bi, Tavs das­
xmod­nen aTe­ne­lebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom uk­ve gvi­an
­ i iyo, is
sas­wra­fod ga­uZR­va laS­qars mtris wi­na­aR­mdeg. me­to­qes rom
mi­u­ax­lov­dnen, pa­go­ni­das­ma da­i­ka­va po­zi­ci­a, sa­i­da­nac mo­wi­
na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi er­Tma­neTs ver xe­dav­dnen, rad­ga­nac maT bor­
cvi hyof­daT. man laS­qa­ri sab­rZo­lod da­awyo da sam­za­diss
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Se­ud­ga. ama­so­ba­Si hi­pok­ra­tes­ma jer ki­dev de­li­os­Si Se­ityo
be­o­ti­el
­ e­bis ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis Se­sa­xeb da laS­qars ub­rZa­na, sab­
rZo­lod mowy­o­bi­liy­vnen. mog­vi­a­ne­biT ki Tvi­To­nac iq mi­vi­da.
de­li­os­Tan man da­ax­lo­eb
­ iT sa­ma­si mxe­da­ri da­to­va, ra­Ta isi­ni
xel­say­rel mo­men­tSi zur­gi­dan das­xmod­nen be­o­ti­e­lebs. be­o­
ti­el
­ eb­ma ki maT wi­na­aR­mdeg cal­ke raz­mi da­a­ye­nes, ro­mel­sac
me­to­qe un­da Se­e­ka­ve­bi­na. Sem­deg be­o­ti­el
­ e­bi bor­cvis wver­ze
avid­nen da iq ga­Cer­dnen. maT hyav­daT Svi­da­si hop­li­ti, aTi
aTas­ze me­ti msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Ti, asi mxe­da­ri da
xu­Ta­si pel­tas­ti.
aTe­ne­leb­sac im­de­ni­ve hop­li­ti hyav­daT, ramdenic mo­wina­aR­
mde­ges. isi­ni rva ri­gad da­ewy­vnen, mxed­re­bi ki flangeb­ze ga­na­
la­ges. aTe­ne­lebs ara­so­des hyo­li­aT msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bul­Ta
re­gu­la­ru­li raz­me­bi. ricx­ob­ri­vad msu­bu­qad Se­ia­ ­ra­Re­bu­li
aTe­ne­le­bi aRe­ma­te­bod­nen mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges, mag­ram ma­Ti um­rav­
le­so­ba TiT­qmis sru­li­ad Se­ui­ ­a­ra­Re­be­li iyo. di­di na­wi­li ad­re
dab­run­da sax­lSi da brZo­la­Si ar mo­na­wi­le­ob­da. sab­rZo­lod
mowy­ob
­ il jars hi­pok­ra­tes­ma am sity­ve­biT mi­mar­Ta:
`a­Te­ne­le­bo, Ce­mi sity­va mok­le iq­ne­ba, mag­ram sak­ma­ri­si ma­ma­
ci xal­xis­Tvis. es uf­ro Sex­se­ne­ba­a, vid­re moTx­ov­na. nu­ra­vin
ifiq­rebs, rom ar gvaqvs mi­ze­zi, Ta­vi aseT xi­faT­Si Ca­vig­doT.
aqac xom Cve­ni mi­wis­Tvis vib­rZviT. Tu ga­vi­mar­jvebT, pe­lo­po­
ne­se­lebs aRar eyo­le­baT be­ot
­ i­e­li mxed­re­bi da aRa­ra­so­des
dag­ves­xmi­an Tavs. er­Ti brZo­liT Tqven ara mar­to da­ipy­robT
am qve­ya­nas, ara­med ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­lebT Cvens mi­was omis ube­du­re­
ba­Ta­gan. maS, win gas­wiT! aC­ve­neT, rom Rir­sni xarT mSob­li­u­ri
qvey­ni­sa, ro­me­lic sa­u­ke­Te­sod mi­gaC­ni­aT ela­da­Si, da Tqve­ni
ma­me­bi­sa, rom­leb­mac mi­ro­ni­da­sis sar­dlo­biT ode­sa­Rac da­a­
mar­cxes be­o­ti­e­le­bi da ma­Ti qve­ya­na da­ipy­res~.
sa­nam hi­pok­ra­te­si ase am­xne­veb­da Ta­vis me­om­rebs, be­o­ti­e­
le­bi pe­a­nis sim­Re­riT da­eS­vnen bor­cvi­dan. aTe­ne­le­bic swra­fi
na­bi­jiT ga­e­mar­Tnen maT Se­sax­ved­rad.
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flan­geb­ze mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta raz­me­bi ver mi­u­ax­lov­dnen
er­Tma­neTs adi­de­bu­li mdi­na­re­e­bis ga­mo. fron­tis da­nar­Cen
xaz­ze ki sas­ti­ki xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la ga­i­mar­Ta. meb­rZol­Ta
fa­re­bi er­Tma­neTs eja­xe­bo­da. mar­cxe­na frTi­dan cen­tram­de
jer aTe­ne­le­bi imar­jveb­dnen. maT Se­a­viw­ro­ves Tes­pi­e­le­bi,
al­ya­Si mo­iq­ci­es da da­xo­ces isi­ni. Tum­ca ise­Ti are­ul
­ o­ba iyo,
rom aTe­ne­le­bi zog­jer er­Tma­neTs ver cnob­dnen da klav­dnen.
aq be­o­ti­e­le­bi da­mar­cxdnen da uku­iq­cnen mar­jve­na flan­gis­ken,
ro­me­lic jer ki­dev ib­rZo­da. am frTa­ze Te­be­le­bi id­gnen. maT
nel­-ne­la Se­a­viw­ro­ves aTe­ne­le­bi. am dros pa­go­ni­das­ma Se­am­Cnia
mar­cxe­na frTis gan­sac­de­li da bor­cvis Se­mov­liT mxed­re­bis
ori raz­mi gag­zav­na. mxed­re­bi uec­rad ga­moC­ndnen bor­cvze.
aTe­ne­leb­ma war­mo­id­gi­nes, rom maT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis axa­li ja­ri
es­xmis Tavs, da Sed­rknen. am­gva­rad, ori­ve frTa­ze na­wi­lob­
riv cxe­nos­ne­bis Se­mov­li­Ti ma­nev­ris xar­jze, na­wi­lob­riv ki
Te­bel­Ta da­wo­liT, rom­leb­mac aTe­nel­Ta sab­rZo­lo mwyob­ri
ga­ar­Rvi­es, mte­ri uku­iq­ca da ga­i­fan­ta. be­o­ti­e­li da maT da­sax­
ma­reb­lad mo­su­li lok­re­bis mxed­re­bi mis­dev­dnen da xo­cav­dnen
maT. daRa­mda da Sewy­vi­tes dev­na. RamiT bev­ri ga­dar­Ca. Sem­deg
dRes ki aTe­ne­li me­om­re­bi oro­po­si­dan da de­li­os
­ i­dan Sin ga­em­
gzav­rnen. be­o­ti­e­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes, Seagroves
cxed­re­bi da mok­lu­li mtre­bis sa­Wur­ve­li. ad­gil­ze dac­va
da­to­ves da ta­nag­ra­Si dab­run­dnen de­li­os­ze Tav­da­sas­xme­lad.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ni­dan da­Ru­pul­Ta cxed­re­bis wa­mo­say­va­nad
gag­zav­ni­li mac­ne Sex­vda be­o­ti­el­Ta mac­nes, ro­mel­mac uTx­ra,
rom is ve­ra­fers mi­aR­wev­da, sa­nam Tvi­Ton be­o­ti­e­lebs pa­suxs
ar Ca­mo­u­tan­da. sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze ga­mos­vli­sas be­o­ti­el­Ta mac­
nem ga­nacx­ad
­ a, rom aTe­ne­le­bi usa­mar­Tlod mo­iq­cnen, ro­de­sac
elin­Ta Cve­u­le­ba da­ar­Rvi­es da mtris mi­wa­ze ad­gi­lob­ri­vi
sa­lo­ca­vi da­i­ka­ves. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­a­mag­res de­li­o­si da ax­lac
cxov­ro­ben iq, TiT­qos is ar iyos wmin­da ad­gi­li. wmin­da wyal­sac
ki, ro­mel­Tan mi­ka­re­ba ak­rZa­lu­li­a, Tu ara msxver­plSe­wir­vi­
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sas, ise iye­ne­ben, ro­gorc Cve­u­leb­riv wyals. ami­tom be­o­ti­
e­le­bi Rmer­Tis sa­xe­liT iTx­o­ven, rom aTe­ne­leb­ma da­to­von
sam­loc­ve­lo da wa­i­Ron iqi­dan Ta­vi­si qo­ne­ba.
amis Sem­dgeg aTe­ne­leb­ma be­ot
­ i­e­lebs Ta­vi­si mac­ne ga­ug­zav­
nes, ro­mel­mac ga­nacx­a­da: aTe­ne­lebs ar Ca­u­de­ni­aT da­na­Sa­u­li
sam­loc­ve­los wi­na­Se da arc ami­e­ri­dan mi­a­ye­ne­ben mas ra­i­me
vne­bas. isi­ni iq Se­vid­nen ara mi­si wa­bil­wvis miz­niT, ara­med
ra­Ta eli­nu­ri we­siT Ta­vi da­ec­vaT be­o­ti­el­Ta uka­no­no Tav­das­
xme­bis­gan. am we­sis mi­xed­viT, vinc ro­me­li­me mi­was da­ipy­robs,
xde­ba mi­si sam­loc­ve­los pat­ro­nic da val­de­bu­lia mas mo­u­
a­ros. ad­re Tvi­Ton be­ot
­ i­el
­ eb­mac da sxva to­meb­mac ia­ra­Ris
Za­liT gan­dev­nes am mi­webis Zve­li pat­ro­ne­bi, Tavs es­xmod­nen
ma­Sin maT­Tvis ucxo sam­loc­ve­lo­ebs. ax­la ki maT flo­ben,
ro­gorc sa­ku­Tars. ami­tom aTe­ne­lebs me­ti mi­wa rom da­epy­roT,
ima­sac Se­i­nar­Cu­neb­dnen. ax­la ki ne­ba­yof­lo­biT ar wav­len
iqi­dan, rac maT xel­Ta­a, rad­gan Ta­vis sa­kuT­re­bad Tvli­an. da
bo­los, wyals wmin­da wya­ro­dan isi­ni iRe­ben au­ci­leb­lo­bis
ga­mo, rad­gan eb­rZvi­an be­o­ti­el
­ ebs, rom­le­bic pir­ve­le­bi Se­iW­
rnen maT mi­wa­ze. ada­mi­an
­ ebs, vinc omis an ra­i­me sxva uki­du­re­si
sa­Wi­ro­e­bis ga­mo wess ar­Rvevs, Se­uZ­lia hqon­des Rmer­Tis­gan
Sewy­na­re­bis ime­di ise­ve, ro­gorc dam­na­Sa­ve po­u­lobs Tav­Se­sa­
fars sa­kur­Txe­vel­Tan. nam­dvi­li da­na­Sa­ul
­ i Se­iZ­le­ba ewo­dos
mxo­lod iseT dar­Rve­vas, ro­me­lic yo­vel­gva­ri au­ci­leb­lo­bis
ga­re­Sea Ca­de­ni­li. be­o­ti­e­le­bi, rom­le­bic da­Ru­pul aTe­nel­Ta
sa­nac­vlod sam­loc­ve­los iTx­o­ven, bev­rad ua­re­sad iq­ce­vi­an,
vid­re aTe­ne­le­bi, rom­leb­sac ar un­daT siw­min­diT ga­mo­is­yi­don
is, rac ufa­sod ekuT­vniT. aTe­ne­le­bi iTx­o­ven be­o­ti­el­Ta­gan
cxed­rebs ara qvey­ni­dan was­vlis ga­mo, ara­med da­za­ve­bis Cve­
u­le­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad. gar­da ami­sa, aTe­ne­le­bi im­yo­fe­bi­an ara
be­o­ti­is mi­wa­ze, ara­med mi­wa­ze, ro­me­lic maT omiT da­ipy­res.
be­o­ti­el
­ eb­ma upa­su­xes: Tu aTe­ne­le­bi be­o­ti­a­Si ari­an, wa­vid­
nen iqi­dan da wa­i­Ron Ta­vi­si qo­ne­ba. Tu es ma­Ti mi­wa­a, Tvi­Ton
191
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ici­an, ra un­da ga­a­ke­Ton. mar­Ta­li­a, oro­pi­a, sa­dac cxed­re­bi
iyo, aTe­ne­lebs ekuT­vnis, be­o­ti­e­le­bi mi­iC­ne­ven, rom aTe­ne­le­bi
ma­Ti ne­bis ga­re­Se ver mo­ax­ er­xe­ben cxed­re­bis way­va­nas. Tvi­Ton
be­o­ti­e­lebs ki ara­vi­Ta­ri xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­ba ar Se­uZ­li­aT
sxvis mi­wa­ze. ami­tom ma­Ti pa­su­xi sa­u­ke­Te­so­a. Tu aTe­ne­le­bi
wav­len ma­Ti mi­wi­dan, Se­uZ­li­aT wa­i­Ron yve­la­fe­ri, rac un­daT.
aTe­ne­li mac­ne ise dab­run­da Sin, rom ve­ra­fers mi­aR­wi­a.
Sem­deg be­o­ti­el
­ eb­ma ga­mo­i­Za­xes Su­bi­sa da Sur­du­lis mtyor­
cne­le­bi. maT mo­eS­ve­la ori aTa­si ko­rin­Te­li hop­li­ti da
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta gar­ni­zo­ni, ro­me­lic ni­se­a­dan me­ga­re­leb­
Tan er­Tad mo­vi­da. am Za­le­biT maT de­li­os­ze ga­i­laS­qres da
si­mag­res Se­u­ti­es. amas­Tan, sxva sa­al­yo man­qa­neb­Tan er­Tad,
maT ga­mo­iy
­ e­nes axa­li ga­mo­go­ne­ba. Su­a­ze ga­xer­xes uzar­ma­za­ri
mo­ri, ga­moR­rut­nes da ise Se­a­er­Tes, rom mi­li ga­mo­vi­da. erT
bo­lo­ze jaW­viT da­ki­des qva­bi, ro­mel­sac mi­liT Se­u­er­Tes sam­
Wed­lo sa­ber­ve­li. es mowy­o­bi­lo­ba mWid­rod mi­a­ye­nes ked­lis
im na­wils, ro­me­lic, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, xis­gan iyo aSe­ne­bu­li. Sem­deg
Ca­be­res sa­ber­vels. ha­er­ma Se­aR­wia qvab­Si, sa­dac nak­ver­Cxle­
bi, go­gir­di da fi­si iyo da mi­lis gav­liT cecx­li wa­u­ki­des
si­mag­res. gar­ni­zo­ni ga­iq­ca da si­mag­re am­gva­rad ai­Res. zo­gi
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge mok­les, ora­si ka­ci ki tyved Ca­var­da. um­rav­
le­so­bam ma­inc mo­a­xer­xa Sin xo­mal­de­biT dab­ru­ne­ba.
de­li­o­si ai­Res brZo­li­dan meC­vid­me­te dRes. co­ta xan­Si
aTe­ni­dan kvlav mo­vi­da mac­ne da cxed­re­bi mo­iTx­o­va. man jer
ki­dev ara­fe­ri ico­da de­li­o­sis bed­ze. am­je­rad be­o­ti­e­lebs
ua­ri aRar uT­qvamT da cxed­re­bi ga­das­ces. am brZo­la­Si be­o­
ti­el
­ eb­ma xu­Ta­sam­de ka­ci da­kar­ges, aTe­ne­li ki aTa­si da­i­Ru­pa,
maT So­ris sar­da­li hi­pok­ra­te­sic, ag­reT­ve mra­va­li msu­bu­qad
Se­i­ar
­ a­Re­bu­li meb­rZo­li.
am brZo­li­dan ra­Rac xnis Sem­deg, de­mos­Te­ne­si, ro­mel­mac
ver mo­a­xer­xa Ra­la­tiT si­Tas aRe­ba, akar­na­ne­le­biT, ag­re­el
­ e­
bi­Ta da oTx­a­si aTe­ne­li hop­li­tiT si­ki­o­nis ol­qSi gad­mos­xda.
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mag­ram jer ki­dev yve­la xo­mal­dis mis­vlam­de si­ki­o­ne­le­bi
ga­moC­ndnen. maT uku­ag­des aTe­nel­Ta de­san­ti. zo­gi mok­les,
zo­gic tyved aiy­va­nes. Sem­deg si­ki­o­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni
aR­mar­Tes da aTe­ne­lebs cxed­re­bi ga­das­ces. de­li­o­sis mov­le­
ne­bis dros da­i­Ru­pa si­tal­ke­si. Tra­ki­is me­fe mis nac­vlad mi­si
Zmis Svi­li, sev­To­si, gax­da.
ima­ve zam­Tars bra­si­das­ma Tra­ki­el mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad
ga­i­laS­qra aTe­nis ko­lo­nia am­fi­po­lis­ze. jer ki­dev da­ri­
o­sis­gan dev­nil aris­ta­go­ra mi­le­tels sur­da aq ko­lo­ni­is
da­ar­se­ba. oc­da­Tor­me­ti wlis Sem­deg ki aTe­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­nes
aTi aTa­si mo­a­xal­Se­ne, rom­le­bic Tra­ki­el
­ eb­ma da­xo­ces. ki­dev
oc­dacx­ra wlis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­nes mo­a­xal­Se­ne­e­bi
hag­no­nis xel­mZRva­ne­lo­biT, rom­leb­mac es qa­la­qi da­a­ar­ses.
hag­non­ma qa­laqs am­fi­po­li­si da­ar­qva, rad­gan mas mdi­na­re stri­
mo­ni ori­ve mxri­dan Ca­u­dis. qa­laqs grZe­li ke­de­li er­tya gars
mdi­na­ris er­Ti gan­Sto­e­bi­dan me­o­rem­de da igi kar­gad Can­da
zRvi­da­nac da xme­le­Ti­da­nac.
swo­red am qa­laq­ze ga­i­laS­qra bra­si­das­ma qal­ki­di­ki­dan.
cu­di amin­di iyo, Tov­da. bra­si­da­si Cqa­rob­da, rad­gan am­fi­
po­lis­Si ara­vis un­da scod­no­da mi­si mis­vlis Se­sa­xeb, gar­da
im mo­Ra­la­te­e­bi­sa, vinc mas elo­de­bo­da. mo­Ra­la­te­ebs gan­sa­
kuT­re­biT ar­gi­li­el
­ e­bi Ta­na­ug­rZnob­dnen. isi­ni am­fi­po­li­sis
me­zob­lad cxov­rob­dnen da qa­laq­ze Tva­li didxans eWi­raT. maT
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba hqon­daT am­fi­po­lis­Si mcxov­reb Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­
eb­Tan, xo­lo ax­la aS­ka­rad au­jan­ydnen aTe­ne­lebs da bra­si­da­si
Ta­vi­anT qa­laq­Si Se­uS­ves. ima­ve Ra­mes maT laS­qa­ri mdi­na­re­ze
ga­de­bul xid­Tan mi­iy­va­nes. am­fi­po­li­si xi­dis­gan co­ta mo­So­re­
biT mde­ba­re­ob­da. grZe­li ked­le­bi ma­Sin jer ki­dev ar mi­ey­va­naT
xi­dam­de, xo­lo xid­Tan mxo­lod mci­re­ricx­o­va­ni sa­gu­Sa­go iyo.
bra­si­das­ma, ro­mel­sac mo­Ra­la­te­e­bic ex­ma­re­bod­nen da av­da­
ric, mo­ul
­ od­ne­li Tav­das­xmiT io­lad ai­Ro igi, Sem­deg xid­ze
ga­da­vi­da da am­fi­po­li­sis ga­re­u­ba­ni da­i­ka­va.
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bra­si­das­ma mo­u­lod­ne­lad ga­da­la­xa mdi­na­re da bev­ri mo­qa­
la­qe da­aty­ve­va, sxve­bi ki qa­laqs Se­e­far­nen. qa­la­qi SiS­ma da
er­Tma­ne­Ti­sad­mi un­dob­lo­bam mo­ic­va. am­bo­ben, rom bra­si­da­si
SeZ­leb­da ue­ca­ri ie­ri­SiT qa­la­qis aRe­bas, mag­ram man da­ba­na­
ke­ba brZa­na da me­om­rebs ga­re­ub­ne­bis darbe­vis uf­le­ba mis­ca.
rad­gan mi­si mom­xre­e­bi qa­laq­Si ar ajan­ydnen, ma­nac umoq­me­do­
ba am­jo­bi­na. ama­so­ba­Si mo­qa­la­qe­Ta jguf­ma, ro­me­lic bev­rad
aRe­ma­te­bo­da mo­Ra­la­te­ebs, maT WiS­kris ga­Re­bis uf­le­ba ar
mis­ca. aTe­ni­dan qa­la­qis da­sa­ca­vad ga­mog­zav­nil­ma sar­dal­ma
Sve­la sTxo­va Tu­ki­di­des, ro­mel­mac es am­ba­vi aR­we­ra. Tu­ki­
di­de ma­Sin Ta­sos­Si im­yo­fe­bo­da, am­fi­po­li­si­dan xo­mal­diT
na­xe­va­ri dRis sa­val­Si. is swra­fad da­iZ­ra mis xelT ar­se­bu­li
Svi­di xo­mal­diT, ra­Ta am­fi­po­li­si da­e­ka­ve­bi­na.
Ta­so­si­dan dam­xma­re Za­lis mos­vlis Si­SiT bra­si­das­ma
ga­dawy­vi­ta Tu­ki­di­des ga­mo­Ce­nam­de ne­bis­mi­e­ri xer­xiT ae­Ro
qa­la­qi. mas eSi­no­da, qa­laqs ua­ri ar eT­qva da­ne­be­ba­ze. Tu­ki­
di­des mos­vlis Sem­deg mo­qa­la­qe­ebs ime­di mi­e­ce­mo­daT, rom
igi Ta­vi­si es­kad­ri­Ta da Tra­ki­a­Si Seg­ro­vi­li ja­riT ix­sni­da
maT. ami­tom bra­si­das­ma qa­laqs da­ne­be­bis zo­mi­e­ri pi­ro­be­bi
Ses­Ta­va­za: yve­la msur­vels, aTe­ne­le­bis CaT­vliT, Se­eZ­lo
dar­Ce­ni­li­yo qa­laq­Si da mo­qa­la­qe­Ta uf­le­be­biT esar­geb­la,
xo­lo vinc was­vlas mo­in­do­meb­da, xuT dRe­Si un­da wa­su­li­yo
da sa­ku­Ta­ri qo­ne­ba wa­e­Ro.
am pi­ro­be­bis ga­mocx­a­de­bis Sem­deg mo­qa­la­qe­Ta gan­wyo­ba
Se­ic­va­la. mo­sax­le­o­ba xom mxo­lod na­wi­lob­riv Sed­ge­bo­da
aTe­nel­Ta­gan. Ta­nac qa­laq­Si bev­ri iyo tyved Ca­var­dnil­Ta
na­Te­sa­vic. da­ne­be­bis pi­ro­be­bi maT sa­mar­Tli­a­nad mo­eC­ve­naT.
aTe­ne­leb­ma was­vla ga­dawy­vi­tes qa­la­qi­dan, sa­dac maT saf­rTxe
elo­daT, dax­ma­re­ba ki ki­dev did­xans ver mo­vi­do­da. sxve­bic
kma­yo­fi­li iy­vnen, rad­gan yo­vel­gva­ri xi­fa­Tis ga­re­Se inar­
Cu­neb­dnen mo­qa­la­qis uf­le­bebs. bra­si­da­sis mom­xre­eb­ma uk­ve
sru­li­ad aS­ka­rad mo­i­wo­nes mi­si wi­na­da­de­ba. Se­Tan­xme­ba da­i­do
194
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da bra­si­da­si qa­laq­Si Se­uS­ves. Tu­ki­di­de ki ima­ve sa­Ra­mos Ca­vi­
da ei­on­Si. er­Ti dRec da bra­si­da­si ma­sac ai­Reb­da.
Tu­ki­di­dem yve­la­fe­ri ga­ak
­ e­Ta bra­si­da­sis Tav­das­xmis Sem­
Txve­va­Si usaf­rTxo­e­bi­saT­vis da mi­iR
­ o yve­la, vinc Se­Tan­xme­bis
sa­fuZ­vel­ze ze­mo qa­la­qi da­to­va. bra­si­da­si mo­u­lod­ne­lad
da­eS­va mdi­na­re­ze mra­va­li na­viT, ra­Ta xelT eg­do nav­sad­gur­Si
Se­sas­vle­li da, ima­ve dros, Se­e­ca­da, qa­laq­ze xme­le­Ti­da­nac
mi­et
­ a­na ie­ri­Si, mag­ram ori­ve mcde­lo­ba uSe­de­god das­rul­da.
ma­Sin bra­si­da­si am­fi­po­lis­Si dab­run­da da qa­la­qis ga­mag­re­bas
Se­ud­ga. mis mxa­re­ze ga­da­vi­da ram­de­ni­me qa­la­qi, per­di­kac mas
dax­ma­re­bas uwev­da.
am­fi­po­li­sis da­ce­mam aTe­ne­le­bi Zal­ze Se­aS­fo­Ta, rad­gan
es qa­la­qi maT xis ma­sa­liT ama­ra­geb­da xo­mal­de­bi­saT­vis da,
sa­er­To­dac, did Se­mo­sa­vals aZ­lev­da. mar­Ta­li­a, aTe­nel­Ta
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi­sa­ken gza mdi­na­re stri­mo­nam­de Te­sa­li­e­le­bis
Ta­nad­go­mis Sem­Txve­va­Si la­ke­de­mo­nel­TaT­vis xsni­li iyo, mag­ram
xi­dis xel­Si Cag­de­bis ga­re­Se isi­ni win me­tad ve­Rar wa­iw
­ ev­dnen.
bra­si­da­sis mi­er am­fi­po­li­si­sa da xi­dis da­ka­ve­bis Sem­deg
ki yve­la sir­Tu­le ukan rCe­bo­da da aTe­ne­le­bi Si­Sob­dnen, rom
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs da­kar­gav­dnen. bra­si­da­si zo­mi­er
­ ad moq­me­deb­da
da acx­a­deb­da, rom mxo­lod ela­dis ga­da­sar­Ce­na­daa gag­zav­
ni­li. mar­Tlac, aTe­nis mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi sul uf­ro ix­re­bod­nen
gan­dgo­mis­ken mas Sem­deg, rac am­fi­po­li­sis ga­da­ce­mis pi­ro­be­
bi­sa da bra­si­da­sis zo­mi­e­re­bis Se­sa­xeb ga­ig
­ es. isi­ni fa­ru­lad
ug­zav­nid­nen mas Sik­ri­kebs da dax­ma­re­bas sTxov­dnen. isi­ni aRar
mi­iC­nev­dnen sa­xi­fa­Tod aTe­nel­Ta­gan gan­dgo­mas. Sem­dgom­Si
aR­moC­nda, rom isi­ni cde­bod­nen, ro­de­sac aTe­nel­Ta Za­las
je­rov­nad ver afa­seb­dnen. rad­gan aTe­ne­le­bi da­mar­cxdnen
be­ot
­ i­a­Si da bra­si­a­sic mo­kav­Si­re­ebs zRap­rebs uy­ve­bo­da imis
Ta­o­ba­ze, Tu ro­gor ver ga­be­des aTe­ne­leb­ma mas­Tan brZo­la,
isi­ni Tavs mSvi­dad grZnob­dnen da fiq­rob­dnen, rom ve­Ra­
ra­fe­ri da­ab­ru­neb­da aTe­nel­Ta ba­to­no­bas. mag­ram yve­la­ze
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me­tad xi­fa­Ti­sa­ken maT cvli­le­be­biT ga­mow­ve­u­li si­xa­ru­li
ubiZ­geb­daT. es gan­wyo­bi­le­ba rom Se­am­Cni­es, aTe­ne­leb­ma SeZ­
le­bis­dag­va­rad qa­la­qeb­Si gar­ni­zo­ne­bis gag­zav­na da­iwy­es.
bra­si­da­si la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs sTxov­da maS­vel Za­las, Tvi­Ton
ki stro­mon­ze xo­mal­de­bis age­ba da­iwy­o. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
mas dax­ma­re­bas ar ug­zav­nid­nen na­wi­lob­riv imi­tom, rom bra­
si­da­sis war­ma­te­be­bi­sa Sur­daT, na­wi­lob­riv ki imi­tom, rom
Zi­ri­Tad amo­ca­nad tyve­e­bis dab­ru­ne­ba­sa da omis sas­wra­fod
das­ru­le­bas mi­iC­nev­dnen.
ima­ve zam­Tars me­ga­re­leb­ma kvlav da­i­ka­ves grZe­li ke­de­
li da da­an­gri­es igi. bra­si­das­ma ki am­fi­po­li­sis aRe­bis Sem­
deg mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad ga­i­laS­qra aq­tes na­xe­var­kun­Zul­
ze, ro­me­lic sa­me­fo ar­xi­dan sam­xre­TiT aris ga­da­Wi­mu­li da
bo­lov­de­ba ege­os
­ is zRva­Si SeW­ri­li aTo­nis mTiT. aq ram­de­ni­me
qve­ya­naa Se­re­ul
­ i mo­sax­le­o­biT. ma­Ti um­rav­le­so­ba bra­si­dass
mi­em­xro, mag­ram sa­ne da di­o­ni mas wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas uwev­dnen,
ris ga­moc is aq dar­Ca da ma­Ti sa­na­xe­bis ga­Ca­na­ge­ba da­iwy­o.
bra­si­das­ma ga­i­laS­qra qal­ki­del­Ta to­ro­nes wi­na­aR­mdeg,
ro­me­lic aTe­ne­lebs hqon­daT da­ka­ve­bu­li. aq igi mo­qa­la­qe­Ta
jguf­ma mi­iw­via da qa­la­qis Ca­ba­re­ba aRuT­qva. bra­si­da­si qa­laq­
Tan Ra­miT mi­vi­da da di­os­ku­re­bis sam­loc­ve­los­Tan ga­Cer­da
to­ro­nel­Ta da aTe­nis gar­ni­zo­nis Se­um­Cnev­lad. mo­Ra­la­te­eb­
ma qa­laq­Si Se­iy­va­nes Svi­di ka­ci li­sis­tra­to­sis me­Ta­ur
­ o­biT.
maT da­xo­ces ya­ra­u­le­bi, bra­si­dass ki mci­re WiS­ka­ri ga­u­Res.
ama­so­ba­Si bra­si­das­ma laS­qa­ri uf­ro ax­los mi­iy­va­na. man gag­
zav­na asi pel­tas­ti, vinc qa­laq­Si un­da SeW­ri­li­yo, ro­gorc ki
ro­me­li­me WiS­ka­ri ga­iR
­ e­bo­da. maT Se­mov­li­Ti gze­biT da­i­ka­ves
po­zi­ci­e­bi da ni­Sa­ni mis­ces da­nar­Ce­nebs.
daT­qmu­li ni­Sa­ni rom da­i­na­xa, bra­si­das­ma mTe­li laS­qa­ri
daZ­ra sab­rZo­lo yi­Ji­niT da mo­qa­la­qe­ebs Tav­za­ri das­ca.
SeT­qmu­le­bi da ma­Ti mom­xre­e­bi ma­Sin­ve Se­u­er­Tdnen la­ke­de­
mo­ne­lebs. mo­ed­nis max­lob­lad or­moc­da­aT aTe­nel hop­lits
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eZi­na. maT ga­iR­vi­Zes xma­u­ris­gan. zo­gi brZo­la­Si Ca­er­To da
da­i­Ru­pa. da­nar­Ce­neb­ma ki le­ki­To­sis ci­xes Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi. es
ci­xe zRva­Si SeW­ril kon­cxze dgas da qa­laqs mxo­lod viw­ro
ye­liT ukav­Sir­de­ba. iq ga­iq­cnen aTe­nel­Ta mom­xre­e­bic.
ga­Te­ne­bi­sas bra­si­da­si uk­ve mTel qa­laqs flob­da. man mac­nes
pi­riT Se­uT­va­la aTe­ne­leb­Tan er­Tad gaq­ce­ul to­ro­ne­lebs,
rom Se­eZ­loT sax­leb­Si dab­ru­ne­ba. aTe­ne­lebs ki mos­Txo­va,
da­e­to­ve­bi­naT le­ki­To­si. aTe­ne­leb­ma ua­ri ga­nacx­a­des, mag­ram
er­TdRi­a­ni da­za­ve­ba iTx­ov
­ es da­Ru­pul­Ta wa­say­va­nad. bra­si­
das­ma maT ori dRe mis­ca. am ori dRis man­Zil­ze is amag­reb­da
sax­lebs le­ki­To­sis max­lob­lad, aTe­ne­le­bi ki – TviT ci­xes.
bra­si­das­ma mo­iw­via to­ro­nel­Ta sa­xal­xo kre­ba da maT da­ax­lo­
e­biT igi­ve uTx­ra, rac akan­Tos­Si. is am­bob­da, rom mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma
ar un­da CaT­va­lon mo­Ra­la­te­e­bad isini, vinc mas da­ex­ma­ra. maT
xom es ara mSob­li­u­ri qa­la­qis da­sa­mo­neb­lad an moq­rTam­viT,
ara­med ma­Ti Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis ga­a­ke­Tes. vinc SeT­qmu­le­ba­Si
ar mo­na­wi­le­ob­da, arc imaT wa­u­vaT saq­me cu­dad. bra­si­da­si aq
imis­Tvis ar mo­su­la, rom vin­mes av­nos. ami­tom is aTe­nel­Ta
mom­xre­ebs cud mo­qa­la­qe­e­bad ar mi­iC­nevs. amas­Tan, is dar­wmu­
ne­bu­li­a, rom to­ro­ne­le­bi la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ukeT gac­no­bis
Sem­deg maT mi­marT ke­Ti­lad ga­newy­o­bi­an. to­ro­ne­le­bi ke­Ti­
li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi un­da gax­dnen da mo­ma­val­Si Sec­do­me­bis­Tvis
da­is­je­bi­an. rac Se­ex­ e­ba war­suls, aq da­za­ra­le­bu­lebi la­ke­de­
mo­ne­le­bi ki ara, aTe­nel­Ta mi­er da­mor­Ci­le­bu­li to­ro­ne­le­bi
iy­vnen. am­de­nad, ma­Ti wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba sa­pa­ti­o­a.
am sity­ve­biT bra­si­das­ma to­ro­ne­le­bi da­am­Svi­da da da­za­
ve­bis Sem­deg le­ki­Toss Se­u­ti­a. aTe­ne­le­bi mTe­li dRis gan­
mavlobaSi ige­ri­eb­dnen Se­te­vas. me­o­re dRes mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gem
mo­iy­va­na sa­al­yo man­qa­na, rom­li­da­nac ga­lav­nis xis na­wi­lis­
Tvis cecx­lis wa­ki­de­ba Se­iZ­le­bo­da. ro­de­sac la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
ci­xes uax­lov­de­bod­nen, aTe­ne­leb­ma im sax­lis Tav­ze, sa­dac
Se­te­vas elo­de­bod­nen, xis koS­ki dad­ges da zed wyli­sa da
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qve­bis mo­ma­ra­ge­ba da­iwy­es. koS­kma ver ga­uZ­lo da Ca­mo­iq­ca.
max­lob­lad myo­fi aTe­ne­le­bi amis ga­mo ar Sem­drka­lan, mag­ram
vinc Sors iyo, war­mo­id­gi­na, rom ci­xis na­wi­li mter­ma ai­Ro da
isi­ni xo­mal­de­bis­ken ga­iq­cnen.
bra­si­das­ma da­i­na­xa, rom aTe­ne­le­bi to­ve­ben mi­way­rils da
ie­riS­ze ga­da­vi­da. ci­xe ai­Res, dam­cve­le­bi ki da­xo­ces. ci­xi­dan
gaq­ce­u­li aTe­ne­le­bi xo­mal­de­biT mSvi­do­bi­a­nad ga­da­vid­nen
pa­le­na­Si.
ie­ri­Sis win bra­si­da­si oc­da­aT mi­na vercxls da­hpir­da mas,
vinc ke­del­ze pir­ve­li avi­do­da. man ga­dawy­vi­ta, ci­xe ze­bu­neb­
ri­vi Za­lis dax­ma­re­biT ae­Ro. ami­tom es oc­da­a­Ti mi­na qal­RmerT
aTe­nas ta­Zars Ses­wi­ra le­ki­Tos­Si, ci­xe ki da­an­gria da mi­wac
ta­Zars Ses­wi­ra. zam­Tris da­nar­Ce­ni na­wi­li bra­si­da­si Tra­ki­ul
qa­la­qeb­Si axa­li wyo­bi­le­bis dam­ya­re­bi­Ta da mom­dev­no dapy­ro­
be­bis geg­me­biT iyo da­ka­ve­bu­li. ase das­rul­da omis mer­ve we­li.
ga­zaf­xul­ze la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi aTe­ne­lebs er­Ti wliT da­u­zav­
dnen. aTe­ne­lebs ime­di hqon­daT, rom bra­si­da­si ve­Rar ga­da­i­bi­
reb­da maT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs, sa­nam Tvi­Ton ar da­as­ru­leb­dnen sam­
xed­ro sam­za­diss da­za­ve­bis dros. amasTan, maT ime­di hqon­daT,
rom uf­ro xel­say­rel pi­ro­beb­Si da­deb­dnen xan­grZliv zavs.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ki swo­rad xvde­bod­nen aTe­nel­Ta gan­wyo­bas
da fiq­rob­dnen, rom maT mSvi­do­ba ga­ut­kbe­bo­daT da uf­ro
dam­yo­li gax­de­bod­nen, tyve­ebsac da­ab­ru­neb­dnen da grZel­
vadian xel­Sek­ru­le­basac da­deb­dnen. tyve­e­bis dab­ru­ne­ba xom
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta di­di saz­ru­na­vi iyo maSin, ro­de­sac bra­si­da­si
axal war­ma­te­bebs aR­wev­da. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Si­Sob­dnen, rom
bra­si­da­sis war­ma­te­bebi aRad­genda Zal­Ta wo­nas­wo­ro­bas da
omis gag­rZe­le­ba axal msxverpls mo­i­tan­da. amas ki verc Zal­Ta
wo­nas­wo­ro­ba, verc Tun­dac ga­mar­jve­ba ver aa­nazR­a­u­reb­da.
am­de­nad, isi­ni da­zav­dnen Sem­deg pi­ro­beb­ze:
`pi­Ti­e­li apo­lo­nis sam­loc­ve­lo­sa da sa­mis­nos Se­sa­xeb vad­
genT, rom ne­bis­mi­er msur­vels Ta­vi­suf­lad Se­uZ­lia iTx­o­vos
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mis­no­ba. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i pi­ro­bas de­ben, rom
mac­ne ga­ug­zav­non be­o­ti­e­leb­sa da fo­ki­e­lebs, ra­Ta isi­nic
da­ar­wmu­non ama­Si. Rmer­Tis qo­ne­ba­ze er­Tad viz­ru­noT wi­na­par­
Ta Cve­u­le­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, er­Tad mi­vi­RoT zo­me­bi dam­na­Sa­ve­Ta
mo­sa­Zeb­nad da, amas­Tan, yo­vel­Tvis sa­mar­Tli­a­nad mo­viq­ceT~.
ase da­ad­gi­nes la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da maT­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­
ma. xo­lo im Sem­Txve­vi­saT­vis, Tu aTe­ne­le­bi xel­Sek­ru­le­bis
da­de­bas mo­i­sur­ve­bdnen, ase ga­dawy­vi­tes: Ti­To­e­u­li mxa­re
un­da dar­Ces Ta­vis mi­wa­ze da Se­i­nar­Cu­nos Ta­vi­si dRe­van­de­li
sam­flo­be­lo­e­bi. ko­ri­fa­si­os­Si myof­ni dar­Cnen buf­ra­dis da
to­mev­sis mTe­bis far­gleb­Si. ki­Te­ra­ze myo­feb­ma ar un­da da­am­
ya­ron ur­Ti­er­To­ba pe­lo­po­ne­sis kav­Si­ris arc erT wev­rTan.
ni­se­a­sa da mi­no­a­Si myof­ni ar un­da ga­da­vid­nen gza­ze ni­sas taZ­
ri­dan po­se­i­do­nis taZ­ram­de da iqi­dan mi­no­as xi­dis­ken. nurc
me­ga­re­le­bi ga­dak­ve­Ten am gzas. aTe­ne­lebs hqon­deT kun­Zu­li,
ro­me­lic da­i­ka­ves. mxa­re­ebs ar un­da hqon­deT er­Tma­neT­Tan
ur­Ti­er­To­ba. aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­i­nar­Cu­non ma­Ti sam­flo­be­lo
tro­i­Ze­ne­Si da­de­bu­li xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad. la­ke­
de­mo­ne­lebs da mo­kav­Si­re­ebs uf­le­ba aqvT icu­ron sa­ku­Tar
wyleb­Si, mag­ram ara sam­xed­ro xo­mal­deb­iT, ara­med niC­be­bi­ani
sat­vir­To ge­meb­iT, xo­lo tvir­Ti ar un­da iyos xu­Tas ta­lan­tze
me­ti Ri­re­bu­le­bis. mac­ne­eb­sa da el­Cebs Se­eZ­loT Ta­vi­su­fa­li
mi­mos­vla ro­gorc zRva­ze, ise xme­leT­ze. gaq­ce­u­le­bi – arc
mo­na, arc Ta­vi­su­fa­li – mxa­re­eb­ma ar un­da mi­i­Ron. gan­vsa­
joT er­Tma­ne­Ti wi­na­par­Ta we­se­bis mi­xed­viT da ga­dav­wyvi­toT
sa­davo sa­kiTx­e­bi ara ia­ra­Ris, ara­med sa­sa­mar­Tlos meS­ve­o­biT.
ase da­ad­gi­nes la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da maT­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma. Tu
Tqven ra­me uf­ro uke­Te­sad an uf­ro sa­mar­Tli­a­nad mi­gaC­ni­aT,
mob­rZan­diT la­ke­de­mon­Si da mog­vax­se­neT Tqve­ni az­ri. Cven ar
uar­vyofT arc erT sa­mar­Tli­an wi­na­da­de­bas. Tqve­ni el­Ce­bic
uf­le­ba­mo­sil­ni un­da iy­vnen ise­ve, ro­gorc Tqven amas Cven­gan
Txo­u­lobT. da­za­ve­ba ide­ba er­Ti wliT.
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aTe­nis xal­xma ase da­ad­gi­na. Tav­mjdo­ma­re­ob­da aka­manti­si.
aTe­ne­li xal­xis sa­ke­­Til­dRe­od la­qe­tes­ma Se­mo­it
­ a­na wi­na­da­de­
ba: da­id
­ os ­erTwliani za­vi la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta da maT mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
mi­er Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li da sa­xal­xo kre­bis mi­er dam­tki­ce­bu­li
pi­ro­be­bis mi­xed­viT. da­viwy­oT is dRei­dan, ela­fe­bo­li­o­nis
me­ToTx­me­te dRi­dan. da­za­ve­bis dros Ti­To­e­ul­ma mxa­rem un­da
gag­zav­nos el­Ce­bi da mac­ne­e­bi sam­Svi­do­bo wi­na­da­de­biT. sa­xal­
xo kre­ba Se­ik­ri­bos la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta sam­Svi­do­bo wi­na­da­de­be­bis
gan­sa­xil­ve­lad. aq myof­ma el­Ceb­ma ki sa­ze­im
­ od da­don pi­ro­ba,
rom z
­ a­vis pirobebi er­Ti wlis ganmavlobaSi ar da­ir­Rve­va~.
es xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­des la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da aTe­ne­leb­ma da
ga­nam­tki­ces fi­ciT la­ke­de­mo­nu­ri ge­ras­ti­o­sis­Tvis me­Tor­
me­te dRes. ase da­i­do ­za­vi, rom­lis dro­sac mi­di­o­da mo­la­pa­
ra­ke­be­bi uf­ro xan­grZli­vi mSvi­do­bis Se­sa­xeb.
da­ax­lo­e­biT im dros, ro­de­sac zavi ide­bo­da, aTe­ne­lebs
ski­o­ne au­jan­yda da bra­si­da­sis mxa­re­ze ga­da­vi­da. bra­si­da­si
Ra­miT ga­em­gzav­ra iq. win mi­di­o­da mo­kav­Si­re­Ta tri­e­ri, Tvi­
Ton ki na­viT mihy­ve­bo­da ukan. Tu mte­ri mas da­es­xmo­da Tavs,
tri­e­ri da­ex­ma­re­bo­da, xo­lo mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta tri­e­ri, bra­
si­da­sis va­ra­u­diT, swo­red tri­ers da­es­xmo­da Tavs, Tvi­Ton ki
ga­dar­Ce­nas mo­as­wreb­da. ski­o­ne­Si bra­si­da­si sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze
da­ax­lo­e­biT iseTive sity­viT ga­mo­vi­da, rogoriTac akan­Tos­sa
da to­ro­ne­Si. man da­u­ma­ta, rom ajan­ye­bu­le­bi qe­bas im­sa­xu­reb­
dnen. mar­Tlac, mas me­re, rac aTe­ne­leb­ma poteidaia da pa­le­nes
ye­li da­i­ka­ves, ski­on­ e praq­ti­ku­lad kun­Zu­lad iqca. mi­u­xe­da­vad
ami­sa, maT ne­ba­yof­lo­biT airCies Ta­vi­suf­le­ba. aqe­dan Cans,
rom isi­ni ne­bis­mi­er pi­ro­beb­Si mo­a­xer­xeb­dnen Ta­vis dac­vas
da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bic ma­Ti er­Tgu­li me­gob­re­bi iq­ne­bod­nen.
ski­o­ne­le­bi ga­am­xne­va am sity­veb­ma da maT ga­dawy­vi­tes ma­ma­
cu­rad ga­da­e­ta­naT omis ube­du­re­ba. maT bra­si­dass sa­ze­i­mo
mi­Re­ba ga­u­mar­Tes da ro­gorc ela­dis gan­ma­Ta­vi­suf­le­bels,
qa­la­qis sa­xe­liT oq­ros gvir­gvi­ni mi­ar­Tves. mo­qa­la­qeebi mas
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yva­vi­le­biT am­kob­dnen da ga­na­di­deb­dnen ro­gorc Ta­ma­Seb­Si
ga­mar­jve­buls. bra­si­das­ma qa­laq­Si mcire gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­va
da di­di laS­qris Se­sak­re­bad wavi­da, ra­Ta ski­o­ne­leb­Tan er­Tad
men­de­sa da poteidaias wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­e­laS­qra.
am sam­za­di­sis dros torone­Si mas­Tan Ca­mo­vid­nen el­Ce­bi
aTe­ni­dan da la­ke­de­mo­ni­dan, rom­leb­sac da­za­ve­bis ga­mocxa­de­ba
hqon­daT da­va­le­bu­li. bra­si­da­si torone­Si dab­run­da. el­Ceb­ma
mas xel­Sek­ru­le­ba ga­ac­nes da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta yve­la mo­kav­Si­rem
scno da­za­ve­ba. aTe­ne­li aris­to­ni­mo­si da­Tan­xmda da­za­ve­ba­ze
yve­la mo­kav­Si­res­Tan, skio­ne­s gar­da, rad­gan, mi­si an­ga­ri­SiT, es
qa­la­qi da­zave­bis Sem­deg ajan­yda. bra­si­da­si ar Tmob­da qa­laqs da
ir­wmu­ne­bo­da, rom ajan­ye­ba da­za­ve­bam­de mox­da. aris­to­ni­mos­ma
amis Se­sa­xeb aTe­ne­lebs ac­no­ba, maT ki ski­o­ne­ze laS­qro­bis­Tvis
da­iwy­es sam­za­di­si. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi en­do­bod­nen bra­si­dass
da mi­iC­nev­dnen, rom es Se­Tan­xme­bis dar­Rve­va iq­ne­bo­da, Tum­ca
Ta­nax­ma iy­vnen, saq­me sa­Su­a­mav­lo sa­sa­mar­Tlos ga­da­ewy­vi­ta.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ar mo­in­do­mes sa­sa­mar­Tlos­Tvis da­eT­moT sa­kiTx­
is ga­dawy­ve­ta da ga­laS­qre­ba am­jo­bi­nes. isi­ni ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­bu­li
iy­vnen imiT, rom uk­ve kun­Zu­lis mcx­ov­reb­le­bic be­dav­dnen
ajan­ye­bas la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta sax­me­le­To ja­ris ime­dad. rac Se­e­
xe­ba ajan­ye­bas, aq aTe­ne­le­bi mar­Tle­bi iy­vnen – ski­o­ne­le­bi
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­bi­dan ori dRis me­re ajan­ydnen. kle­o­nis
rCe­viT, aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes ae­RoT ski­o­ne da mi­si mo­qa­la­
qe­e­bi sik­vdi­liT da­e­sa­jaT.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­lebs au­jan­yda men­dec, eret­ri­el­Ta ko­lo­
nia pa­le­ne­ze. bra­si­das­ma mi­i­Ro men­de­e­le­bi, Tum­ca am dros
xel­Sek­ru­le­ba uk­ve nam­dvi­lad da­de­bu­li iyo, Tvi­Ton ki aTe­
ne­lebi ram­de­ni­me pun­qtis dar­Rve­va­Si da­a­da­na­Sa­ul
­ a. men­de­e­
le­bi swo­red bra­si­da­sis ime­diT ajan­ydnen, rad­gan xe­dav­dnen,
rom man aTe­ne­lebs ski­o­ne ar da­uT­mo. aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­ity­ves amis
Se­sa­xeb da ga­dawy­vi­tes ga­laS­qre­ba ori­ve qa­la­qis wi­na­aR­mdeg.
aTe­nis es­kad­ris mo­lo­din­Si bra­si­das­ma ski­o­ne­li da men­de­e­li
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qa­le­bi da bav­Sve­bi olin­sSi ga­xiz­na, xo­lo men­de­e­lebs xu­Ta­si
pe­lo­po­ne­se­li hop­li­ti da sa­ma­si qal­ki­de­li pel­tas­ti mi­ax­
ma­ra. ori­ve qa­la­qi mzad iyo aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg er­Tob­li­vi
Tav­dac­vis­Tvis.
ama­so­ba­Si bra­si­das­ma da per­di­kam me­o­red ga­il
­ aS­qres ara­
be­o­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg. per­di­ka ma­ke­do­ne­leb­sa da mi­si sa­me­fos
eli­nu­ri qa­la­qe­bis hop­li­tebs mi­uZR­o­da, bra­si­da­si ki sxva
qvey­ne­bis mi­er mo­wo­de­bul hop­lit­Ta raz­meb­s (mas­Tan dar­
Ce­ni­li pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bis, qal­ki­de­le­bi­sa da akan­To­se­le­bi­s
gar­da), sar­dlob­da. sul maT laS­qar­Si da­ax­lo­e­biT sa­mi aTa­si
hop­li­ti, aTa­si mxe­da­ri da uT­va­la­vi bar­ba­ro­si iyo. ara­be­os
­ is
sam­flo­be­lo­Si Se­su­lebs rin­kes­te­bis laS­qa­ri srul sab­rZo­
lo mzad­yof­na­Si dax­vdaT.
ori­ve mxa­ris qve­i­Ti ja­ri mo­pi­ris­pi­re bor­cveb­ze id­ga. maT
So­ris dab­lob­Si da­eS­vnen mxed­re­bi da brZo­la da­iwy­es. Sem­deg
mxed­rebs rin­kes­te­bis hop­li­te­bic mi­eS­vel­nen. bra­si­das­ma da
per­di­kam laS­qa­ri sab­rZo­lod mo­awy­ves da mters Se­ut
­ i­es. maT
uku­aq­ci­es lin­kes­te­bi, ad­gil­zec bev­ri da­xo­ces. mtris me­om­
re­bi mTeb­Si ga­iq­cnen. ga­mar­jve­bu­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni
aR­mar­Tes da brZo­lis vel­ze dar­Cnen ori Tu sa­mi dRe per­di­kas
mi­er da­qi­ra­ve­bul ili­ri­el­Ta mo­lo­din­Si. per­di­kas laS­qro­bis
gag­rZe­le­ba sur­da, bra­si­dass ki ukan dab­ru­ne­ba er­Cia, rad­gan
men­des be­di adar­deb­da.
sa­nam bra­si­da­si da per­di­ka ka­ma­Tob­dnen, cno­ba movi­da, rom
ili­ri­e­leb­ma uRa­la­tes da ara­be­oss Se­ue­ r­Tdnen. ili­ri­el
­ e­bi
meb­rZo­li to­mi iyo. ma­Ti Si­SiT ori­ve sar­dal­ma ukan da­xe­va
ga­niz­ra­xa, mag­ram dro­ze ver Se­Tan­xmdnen. Ra­miT ma­ke­do­ne­le­bi
da bar­ba­ros­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba SiS­ma mo­ic­va, ro­me­lic zog­jer
umi­ze­zod ew­ve­va xol­me did laS­qars. me­om­rebs eC­ve­ne­bo­daT,
rom maT uam­ra­vi mte­ri mos­dev­da da isi­ni ga­iq­cnen. maT ai­Zu­les
per­di­ka, bra­si­das­Tan da­la­pa­ra­ke­bis ga­re­Se da­et
­ o­ve­bi­na iqa­
u­ro­ba, rad­gan ori ba­na­ki sak­ma­od iyo er­Tma­neTs da­So­re­bu­li.
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di­las bra­si­das­ma aR­mo­a­Ci­na, rom ma­ke­do­ne­le­bi wasuliyvnen,
xo­lo ili­ri­e­le­bi da ara­be­o­si maT Tav­das­xmiT emuq­re­bod­nen.
bra­si­das­ma ukan da­xe­va ga­dawy­vi­ta, hop­li­te­bi oTx­kuTxe­dad
ganalaga, msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li axal­gaz­rda meb­rZo­le­bi,
rom­leb­sac Ta­vi­si ga­mox­to­me­biT un­da Se­e­wu­xe­bi­naT mte­ri,
Su­a­Si ga­na­Tav­sa. Tvi­Ton ki sa­ma­si rCe­u­li me­om­riT ari­er­gar­
dSi dad­ga, ra­Ta mtris me­wi­na­ve raz­mis Se­te­va mo­eg
­ e­ri­e­bi­na.
man ase mi­mar­Ta me­om­rebs:
`pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bo, me rom ar vi­co­de, rom Tqven SeS­fo­Te­bu­
le­bi xarT, mar­to dar­Ce­ni­li bar­ba­ros­Ta ur­do­e­bis wi­na­Se, Cems
ga­mam­xne­ve­bel sity­vebs da­ri­ge­bas aRar da­vu­ma­teb­di. mag­ram
ax­la, ro­de­sac Tqven mra­val­ricx­o­va­ni mtris pi­ris­pir dar­
CiT, mok­led Se­gax­se­nebT Zi­ri­Tads. si­ma­ma­ces imi­tom vi­CenT,
rom sis­xlSi gvaqvs da ara imi­tom, rom mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi gvyavs. nu
Se­ga­Si­nebT mtris sim­rav­le. ga­ix­se­neT, rom im qvey­nebs, sa­i­
da­nac mox­ve­diT, um­rav­le­so­ba ki ar mar­Tavs, ara­med sab­rZo­
lo xe­lov­ne­biT ga­mor­Ce­u­le­bi mar­Ta­ven brbos. rac Se­ex
­ e­ba
Tqvens mtrebs, bar­ba­ro­sebs, ma­Ti Se­iZ­le­ba mxo­lod ar­cod­niT
Seg­ve­Sin­des. Tu ma­ke­do­ne­leb­Tan Cve­ni Zve­li Se­ta­ke­be­biT vim­
sje­lebT, isi­ni Cven­Tvis sa­xi­fa­To sru­le­biT ar ari­an. me es
sa­ku­Ta­ri ga­moc­di­le­bi­Tac vi­ci da sxvi­si mo­na­yo­li­Tac. Tu
mtris moC­ve­ne­bi­Ti Za­la si­nam­dvi­le­Si maT si­sus­tes niR­bavs,
amis cod­nam Cven mxne­o­ba un­da Seg­vZi­nos. es ili­ri­el
­ e­bi mxo­lod
maT­Tvis ari­an sa­Si­Sni, vinc maT ar ic­nobs. ma­Ti sim­rav­le, sab­
rZo­lo yi­Ji­na da ia­ra­Ris JRa­ru­ni am STa­beW­di­le­bas aZ­li­e­rebs,
mag­ram brZo­la imaT­Tan, vinc am yve­la­fers med­grad itans, maT
ar Se­uZ­li­aT. maT ara aqvT sab­rZo­lo wyo­ba da ar eTa­ki­le­baT
mtris ie­ri­Sis dros po­zi­ci­is daT­mo­ba. gaq­ce­vac da Tav­das­xmac
maT­Tvis Ta­nab­rad mi­sa­Re­bi­a. ami­tom ma­Ti si­ma­ma­ce saq­me­Si ver
mJRav­nde­ba. isi­ni uf­ro sa­i­me­dod mi­iC­ne­ven, So­ri­dan Se­ga­Si­non,
vid­re xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la gagimarTon. am­de­nad, saf­rTxe arc
iseTi di­di­a, ro­goric Cans. Tu ga­uZ­lebT mtris Se­mo­te­vas da
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sa­Wi­ro­e­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si mwyob­rad da­i­xevT ukan, xi­faTs ai­ci­
lebT. ax­la ico­deT, rom Tu pir­vel Se­motevas moigeriebT, es
ve­lurebi Tavis simamaces mxolod Soridan gamoxataven yvi­
riliT. magram Tu erTxel da­uTmobT, isi­ni Tavs usafrTxod
igrZnoben da ma­ma­cad da­ge­dev­ne­bi­an~.
amis Sem­deg bra­si­das­ma ukan da­xe­va da­iwy­o. bar­ba­ro­seb­ma
ifiq­res, gar­bi­so da yi­Ji­niT da­es­xnen Tavs. mag­ram, sa­dac ki
Se­u­ti­es, yvel­gan wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas wa­awy­dnen. ase mo­ig
­ e­ria bra­
si­das­ma bar­ba­ro­sebis pir­ve­li Seteva da yo­vel jer­ze ase­ve
mzad xvde­bo­da axal Se­mo­te­vas. Tav­dasxmebi Sewy­da da la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­ma umtkiv­neu­lod ga­ag­rZe­les ukan da­xe­va. ma­Sin
bar­ba­ros­Ta did­ma na­wil­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta, aRar das­xmo­da Tavs
bra­si­das­sa da mis eli­nebs gaS­lil ad­gi­las. maT pa­ta­ra raz­mi
da­to­ves, ra­Ta la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ukan gah­yo­lod­nen, Tvi­Ton
ki swra­fi svliT da­e­dev­nen ma­ke­do­ne­lebs da vi­sac da­e­wiv­nen,
da­xo­ces, da­i­ka­ves viw­ro ga­sas­vle­lic mTebs So­ris, rad­gan
icod­nen, rom es bra­si­da­sis­Tvis ukan da­xe­vis er­Ta­der­Ti gza
iyo. mar­Tlac, ro­de­sac bra­si­da­si ga­sas­vlels mi­u­ax­lov­da,
bar­ba­ro­seb­ma mi­si alyaSi moqceva da­iwy­es.
bra­si­das­i bar­ba­ro­se­bis Ca­na­fiqrs mix­vda da Ta­vis rCe­ul
sa­mas me­o­mars ub­rZa­na, sir­bi­liT asu­liy­vnen er­T-er­Ti bor­
cvis wver­ze, rom iqi­dan bar­ba­ro­se­bis gan­dev­na mo­es­wroT,
sa­nam isi­ni ga­re­moc­vas da­as­ru­leb­dnen. bra­si­da­sis meb­rZo­
leb­ma bor­cvi ai­Res da bar­ba­ro­se­bi ga­ya­res. mte­ri Sed­rka
da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta dev­nas Se­eS­va. bra­si­da­si ima­ve dRes ga­da­
vi­da per­di­kas sam­flo­be­lo­Si. mi­si meb­rZo­le­bi gab­ra­ze­bu­li
iy­vnen ma­ke­do­ne­leb­ze ma­Ti na­ad­re­vi was­vlis ga­mo. ro­de­sac
gza­Si ma­ke­do­nel­Ta ur­mebs xe­dav­dnen, xa­rebs klav­dnen, xo­lo
qo­ne­bas iT­vi­seb­dnen. amis ga­mo per­di­ka bra­si­da­si­sa da pe­lo­
po­ne­se­le­bis mi­marT mtru­lad ga­newyo da yve­la­fers ake­Teb­
da, rom aTe­ne­lebs Se­Tan­xme­bo­da da pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Ta­vi­dan
mo­e­So­re­bi­na.
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torone­Si dab­ru­ne­bul­ma bra­si­das­ma ga­i­go, rom aTe­ne­leb­ma
men­de ai­Res. mas aRar hqon­da pa­le­ne­ze ga­das­vlis sa­Su­a­le­ba
da mSvi­dad dar­Ca torones da­sa­ca­vad. lin­ko­sis mov­le­ne­bis
dros aTe­ne­leb­ma or­moc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­dis­gan Sem­dga­ri es­kad­
riT men­de­sa da ski­o­nas wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­i­laS­qres. xo­mal­deb­ze
aTa­si aTe­ne­li hop­li­ti, eq­vsa­si me­o­ma­ri, aTa­si Tra­ki­e­li mo­qi­
rav­ne da ad­gi­lob­riv mo­kav­Si­re­Ta msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li
raz­me­bi iy­vnen. maT ni­ki­a­si da ni­kos­tra­to­si sar­dlob­dnen.
es­kad­ra poteidaia­dan men­des­ken da­iZ­ra. men­de­e­leb­ma maT­Tan
da­sax­ma­reb­lad mi­sul ski­o­ne­leb­Tan da pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan
er­Tad po­li­da­mi­da­sis sar­dlo­biT qa­la­qis max­lob­lad bor­
cvze Zli­e­ri po­zi­cia da­i­ka­ves. aTe­ne­le­bi ver mi­ud­gnen maT da
max­lob­lad da­ba­nak­dnen. Ra­miT ki men­des dam­cve­le­bi qa­laq­Si
dab­run­dnen.
Sem­deg dRes aTe­ne­leb­ma zRvi­dan Se­mo­u­a­res men­des, da­i­ka­ves
ga­re­ub
­ a­ni da mTe­l dRes ar­bev­dnen mis mi­da­mo­ebs. qa­la­qi­dan
ara­vin ga­mo­su­la. Sem­deg Ra­mes sa­ma­si ski­o­ne­li Sin dab­run­da.
ni­ki­as­ma laS­qris na­xev­riT mo­ao
­ x­ra qve­ya­na ski­on
­ es sazR­vram­
de, xo­lo ni­kos­tra­to­si da­nar­Ce­ni raz­me­biT qa­la­qis ka­rib­
Wes­Tan da­ba­nak­da. ked­lis me­o­re mxa­res, qa­la­qis am na­wil­Si
ia­ra­Ris sawy­o­bi iyo. po­li­da­mi­das­ma mo­awyo Ta­vi­si raz­mi da
Se­e­ca­da isi­ni Se­te­va­ze da­e­Tan­xme­bi­na. sa­xal­xo daj­gu­fe­bis
er­T-er­Tma wev­rma ga­nucx­a­da mas, rom ver xe­davs aTe­ne­leb­Tan
brZo­lis sa­Wi­ro­eb
­ as. po­li­da­mi­das­ma sta­ca mas xe­li. gam­Zvin­
varebuli xal­xi Se­ia­ ­raR­da da pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­sa da maT mom­xre­
ebs Tavs da­es­xa. mo­u­lod­ne­li Tav­das­xmi­sa­gan pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi
Sed­rknen da ga­iq­cnen. gadarCenilebma ak­ro­po­liss Se­a­fa­
res Ta­vi. aTe­ne­le­bi qa­laq­Si Se­iW­rnen. ra­ki qa­la­qis WiS­ka­ri
maT wi­nas­wa­ri mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis ga­re­Se ga­u­Res, aTe­ne­leb­ma ise
da­ar­bi­es qa­la­qi, TiT­qos Stur­miT ae­RoT. sar­dle­bi Zlivs
aCe­reb­dnen meb­rZo­lebs, rom mo­sax­le­o­ba ar da­e­xo­caT. amis
Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma men­de­e­lebs de­mok­ra­ti­u­li wyo­bis Se­nar­
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Cu­ne­bis uf­le­ba mis­ces da maT­ve mi­an­des ajan­ye­bis mo­Ta­ve­Ta
das­jac. ima­ve dros maT sa­al­yo ked­liT moW­res ak­ro­po­lis­Si
myo­fi pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da dac­va da­u­ye­nes. Sem­deg ki ski­o­ne­ze
ga­i­laS­qres.
ski­o­ne­leb­ma pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan er­Tad ga­a­mag­res bor­
cvi qa­la­qis win, rom­lis aRe­bis ga­re­Sec aTe­ne­le­bi saal­yo
ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­bas ver da­iwy­eb­dnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma swra­fi
ie­ri­SiT ai­Res si­mag­re da mte­ri uku­ag­des. isi­ni da­ba­nak­dnen,
ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da al­yi­s m­za­deba da­iwy­es. gar­
kve­u­li dro­is Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta raz­mma mo­a­xer­xa men­des
ak­ro­po­li­si­dan Ta­vis daR­we­va da zRvis sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv
aTe­nel­Ta Se­um­Cnev­lad ski­o­ne­Si mis­vla.
sa­nam ski­o­nes gar­Se­mo sa­al­yo ke­de­li Sen­de­bo­da, per­di­kam
mac­ne ga­ug­zav­na aTe­nel sar­dlebs da maT SeuTanxmda. am dros
la­ke­de­mo­ne­li is­qa­go­ra­si api­reb­da bra­si­da­sis saS­ve­lad mos­
vlas. per­di­kas ar sur­da pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta Ta­vis mi­wa­ze SeS­ve­
ba, xo­lo ni­ki­a­si mas er­Tgu­le­bis das­turs sTxov­da. ami­tom
per­di­kam Te­sa­li­el me­gob­rebs sTxova, is­qa­go­ra­sis laS­qa­ri
ar ga­mo­e­ta­re­bi­naT Ta­vis te­ri­to­ri­a­ze. ma­Sin is­qa­go­ra­si
pi­ra­dad Ca­mo­vi­da bra­si­das­Tan. Cve­u­le­bis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god,
Tan Ca­mo­iy­va­na ram­de­ni­me ka­ci spar­ti­dan, ra­Ta isi­ni qa­la­qe­
bis mmar­Tve­le­bad da­e­niS­naT.
im zaf­xuls Te­be­leb­ma Tes­pi­e­le­bi aTe­ne­leb­Tan me­gob­ro­
ba­Si da­ad
­ a­na­Sa­u­les da maT ga­la­va­ni da­un­gri­es. Te­be­lebs amis
ga­ke­Te­ba yo­vel­Tvis un­do­daT da ax­la xel­say­re­li dro na­xes,
rad­gan mra­va­li Tes­pi­e­li aTe­ne­leb­Tan brZo­la­Si da­i­Ru­pa.
ima­ve zaf­xuls xan­Zar­ma ga­a­nad­gu­ra he­ras ta­Za­ri ar­gos­Si.
qu­rum­ma qal­ma qri­si­dam an­Te­bu­li lam­pa­ri Tur­me gvir­gvi­
neb­Tan ax­los dad­ga, Tvi­Ton ki Ca­e­Zi­na. ar­go­sel­Ta Si­SiT,
qri­si­da ima­ve Ra­mes ga­iq­ca, xo­lo ar­go­se­leb­ma axa­li qu­ru­mi
qa­li air­Ci­es.
ima­ve zaf­xu­lis da­sas­ruls aTe­ne­leb­ma da­am­Tav­res ski­o­
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nes gar­Se­mo sa­al­yo ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba, iq daraji da­to­ves,
laS­qa­ri ki Sin da­ab­ru­nes.
da­za­ve­bis ga­mo zam­Tar­Si aTe­ne­leb­sa da la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
So­ris sab­rZo­lo moq­me­de­be­bi Sewy­da. man­ti­ne­e­leb­sa da te­ge­e­
lebs ki la­o­do­ki­as­Tan brZo­la hqon­daT, mag­ram vin ga­i­mar­jva,
uc­no­bi dar­Ca. ori­vem ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Ta da del­fo­
Si ZRve­ni gag­zav­na. di­di da­na­kar­ge­bis Sem­deg Ra­miT brZo­la
ise Sewy­da, rom ga­dam­wyve­ti upi­ra­te­so­ba arc erT mxa­res ar
mo­u­po­ve­bi­a.
ima­ve zam­Tris mi­wu­ruls bra­si­das­ma poteidaias aRe­ba sca­
da. is Ra­miT mi­vi­da qa­laq­Tan da brZa­na, ked­lis­Tvis sa­al­yo
ki­be mi­ed­gaT. mag­ram ya­ra­ul­ma dro­ze Se­niS­na ki­be, rom­li­Tac
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ke­del­ze adi­od­nen. bra­si­das­ma sas­wra­fod
ukan da­ix
­ i­a. ase das­rul­da omis mecx­re we­li.
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me­xu­Te wig­ni
mom­dev­no zaf­xuls ga­vi­da za­vis va­da, mag­ram sab­rZo­lo
moq­me­de­be­bi ar ga­nax­le­bu­la pi­Ti­ur Ta­ma­Se­bam­de. jer ki­dev
za­vis dros aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­a­sax­les de­lo­sis mo­sax­le­ob
­ a, ro­me­
lic ra­Rac Zve­li cod­vis ga­mo uw­min­du­rad mi­iC­ni­es da ara­
sak­ma­ri­sad eC­ve­naT is gan­wmen­da, ro­me­lic maT ad­re mo­awyv­es.
da­za­ve­bis das­ru­le­bis Sem­deg kle­on­ma da­ar­wmu­na aTe­
ne­le­bi, mi­si sar­dlo­biT Tra­ki­ul sa­na­pi­ro­ze ga­eg­zav­naT
oc­da­aT
­ i xo­mal­di, as o­ci hop­li­ti, sa­ma­si mxe­da­ri da mra­va­
li mo­kav­Si­re. is jer ski­o­nes­Tan mi­vi­da, ro­me­lic jer ki­dev
al­ya­Si iyo, wa­iy­va­na mo­al­ye­Ta­gan hop­li­te­bis raz­mi da de­san­
ti torones­Tan ga­das­xa. kle­on­ma ga­i­go, rom bra­si­da­si iq ar
iyo da sax­me­le­To ja­riT qa­la­qis­aken da­iZ­ra, aTi xo­mal­di ki
nav­sad­gur­Si gag­zav­na. is jer bra­si­da­sis aSe­ne­bul Se­mov­liT
ke­dels mi­ad­ga. ked­lis da­sa­ca­vad la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta gar­ni­zo­ni
ga­mo­vi­da, mag­ram rad­gan maT ­u­Wir­daT, xo­mal­de­bi ki ax­los
iy­vnen, Se­e­Sin­daT, de­sants qa­la­qi ar ae­Ro, da ukan gab­run­dnen.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­as­wres torones aRe­ba, na­wi­lob­riv
de­san­tiT, na­wi­lob­riv sax­me­le­To laS­qriT, ro­mel­mac Zve­li
ke­de­li ga­an­gria da qa­laq­Si Se­iW­ra. xel­Car­Tul brZo­la­Si
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aTe­ne­leb­ma pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bidan da ad­gi­lob­ri­ve­bidan zo­gi
da­xo­ces, zo­gic da­aty­ve­ves. bra­si­da­si torones da­sax­ma­reb­
lad wa­mo­vi­da, mag­ram ga­i­go, rom qa­la­qi uk­ve da­e­ca da ukan
gab­run­da. man mxo­lod or­mo­ci sta­di­o­nis sa­va­liT da­ag­vi­a­na.
kle­on­ma or­gan aR­mar­Ta ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni, er­Ti nav­sad­gur­Si,
er­Tic – ke­del­Tan. to­ro­ne­li qa­le­bi da bav­Sve­bi mo­ne­bad ga­yi­
des, ka­ce­bi ki pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan da qal­ki­de­leb­Tan er­Tad,
sul Svi­da­si ka­ci, aTen­Si gag­zav­nes. Sem­dgom­Si, sam­Svi­do­bo
xel­Sek­ru­le­biT, pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­les, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi
ki ima­ve ra­o­de­no­bis aTe­nel tyveebze gacvales olinTelebma.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros be­o­ti­e­leb­ma Ra­la­tiT da­i­ka­ves
aTe­nel­Ta sa­sazR­vro ci­xe pa­naq­to­si. kle­on­ma torone­Si gar­
ni­zo­ni da­to­va da am­fi­po­li­sis­ken ga­e­mar­Ta.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ama­ve dros fa­i­aq­si aTe­nel­Ta el­Cad ga­em­gzav­ra
ita­li­as
­ a da si­ci­li­a­Si. da­za­ve­bi­sa da aTe­nel­Ta si­ci­li­i­dan
was­vlis Sem­deg le­on­ti­nel­ma mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma mi­wis ga­da­na­wi­le­ba
ga­niz­ra­xes. mdid­reb­ma si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ix­mes da xal­xis mom­xre­e­bi
gan­dev­nes. maT si­ra­ku­ze­leb­Tan mo­il
­ a­pa­ra­kes, aa­ox­res sa­ku­
Ta­ri qve­ya­na da ga­da­sax­ldnen si­ra­ku­za­Si, sa­dac mo­qa­la­qe­o­ba
mi­i­Res. mog­vi­a­ne­biT zo­gi maT­ga­ni ukan dab­run­da. maT Ta­vis
dro­ze gan­dev­ni­li de­mok­ra­te­bic Se­u­er­Tdnen. le­on­ti­ne­leb­ma
qve­ya­na ga­a­mag­res da sa­om­rad ga­em­zad­nen. fa­i­aq­si si­ci­li­a­Si
ga­em­gzav­ra, ra­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi da, SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad, sxva
si­ci­li­e­le­bi me­tis­me­tad gaZ­li­e­re­bu­li si­ra­ku­zis wi­na­aR­mdeg
da­e­raz­ma da le­on­ti­na­Si de­mok­ra­tia ga­da­er­Ci­na. man mi­im­xro
ka­ma­ri­ne­le­bi da ak­ra­gan­te­le­bi, mag­ram ge­la­Si wi­na­aR­mde­go­
bas wa­awy­da da ka­ta­na­Si dab­run­da.
fa­i­aq­si ita­li­ur qvey­neb­Ta­nac awar­mo­eb­da mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bas
aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ris Ta­o­ba­ze.
ama­so­ba­Si kle­o­ni torone­dan am­fi­po­li­sis gza­ze uSe­de­god
da­es­xa Tavs sta­gi­ross, an­dro­sel­Ta ko­lo­ni­as. sa­ma­gi­e­rod,
ie­ri­SiT ai­Ro Ta­so­sel­Ta ko­lo­nia ha­lep­so­si. man el­Ce­bi gag­
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zav­na per­di­kas­Tan da Tra­ki­a­Si da dam­xma­re Za­le­bi mo­iTx­o­va.
Tvi­Ton ki ei­o­nos­Si elo­da maS­vel Za­lebs. es rom ga­i­go, bra­
si­da­sic maT pi­ris­pir da­ba­nak­da ker­di­li­os­Tan. aqe­dan kar­
gad Can­da mi­da­mo da kle­o­ni ver mo­a­xer­xeb­da mis Se­um­Cnev­lad
ga­da­ad­gi­le­bas. bra­si­da­si elo­da, rom kle­o­ni am­fi­po­li­sis­ken
da­iZ­re­bo­da, da brZo­lis­Tvis em­za­de­bo­da. man mo­iw­via aTas
xu­Ta­si Tra­ki­e­li mo­qi­rav­ne, edo­ne­li msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li
qve­i­Te­bi da mxed­re­bi­. am­fi­po­lis­Si myof­Ta gar­da, mas ki­dev
aTa­si qal­ki­de­li qve­i­Ti hyav­da. bra­si­das­ma ori aTa­si hop­li­ti
da sa­ma­si eli­ni mxe­da­ri Se­ag­ro­va. me­om
­ ar­Ta mTe­li ricxvi­dan
aTas xu­Ta­si ka­ci mas ker­de­los­Tan hyav­da, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki,
kle­a­ri­do­sis sar­dlo­biT, am­fi­po­lis­Si im­yo­fe­bod­nen.
ra­Rac xa­ns kle­o­ni Ta­vis po­zi­ci­a­ze rCe­bo­da, mag­ram bo­los
iZu­le­bu­li gax­da ise moq­ce­u­li­yo, ro­gorc bra­si­da­si elo­
da. mi­si me­om­re­bi umoq­me­do­bam da­Ra­la. isi­ni mis ume­car da
sust sar­dlo­bas mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis ga­moc­di­le­ba­sa da si­ma­ma­ces
ada­reb­dnen da ix­se­neb­dnen, ro­gor uxa­li­sod ga­moy­vnen mas
aTe­ni­dan. kle­ons ar un­do­da me­om­re­bi me­tad ga­e­Ri­zi­a­ne­bi­na
da win­svla ga­dawy­vi­ta. igi ise­ve mo­iq­ca, ro­gorc pi­los­Tan,
sa­dac mas ga­u­mar­Tla. fiq­rob­da, rom brZo­las ar ga­u­mar­Tav­
dnen, am­bob­da, da­saz­ve­rad miv­di­va­ro. dam­xma­re raz­mebs ki
elo­da ara brZo­lis­Tvis, ara­med qa­la­qis ie­ri­SiT asa­Re­bad.
ami­tom am­fi­po­liss rom mi­u­ax­lov­da, kle­on­ma ci­ca­bo mTas­
Tan ga­Ce­re­ba brZa­na da stri­mo­nis dat­bo­ri­li dab­lo­bi­sa da
qa­la­qis Tra­ki­u­li na­wi­lis daT­va­li­e­re­ba da­iwy­o. va­ra­u­dob­da,
rom ne­bis­mi­er dros Se­eZ­lo ub­rZol­ve­lad ukan da­xe­va. arc
qa­la­qis ked­leb­ze da arc Ria WiS­kar­Si ara­vin Can­da. kle­on­ma
ina­na, rom ar wa­mo­i­Ro sa­al­yo man­qa­ne­bi, ri­Tac dac­vis ga­re­Se
dar­Ce­ni­li qa­la­qis aRe­bas SeZleb­da.
ro­de­sac bra­si­das­ma mo­ax­lo­e­buli aTe­nelebi Se­am­Cni­a,
sas­wra­fod kor­di­li­o­si­dan da­eS­va da am­fi­po­lis­Si Se­vi­da,
mag­ram qa­la­qi­dan ga­mos­vla da aTe­nel­Ta pi­ris­pir sab­rZo­lod
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dad­go­ma ver gabe­da. is ar en­do­bo­da Ta­vis jars, ro­me­lic
SesaZleblobebiT Ca­mo­u­var­de­bo­da aTe­ne­le­bi­sas. mar­Tlac,
aTe­nel­Ta laS­qa­ri lem­no­si­sa da im­bro­sis sa­u­ke­Te­so me­om­re­
bis­gan Sed­ge­bo­da. ami­tom bra­si­das­ma xerxs mi­mar­Ta. bra­si­da­si
fiq­rob­da, rom mas ga­mar­jve­bis me­ti ime­di eq­ne­bo­da, Tu mo­wi­
na­aR­mde­ges ar eco­di­ne­bo­da mi­si laS­qris ra­o­de­no­ba da Se­i­
a­ra­Re­ba. man Se­ar­Cia as or­moc­da­a­Ti hop­li­ti, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki
kle­a­ri­doss da­u­to­va, ra­Ta mo­u­lod­ne­lad Se­e­tia mtris­Tvis,
sa­nam isi­ni ukan gab­ru­ndebodnen. Tu aTe­ne­lebs maS­ve­li Za­la
mo­u­vi­do­da, bra­si­da­si ve­Rar SeZ­leb­da maT­ze mo­u­lod­ne­lad
Tav­das­xmas. man Sek­ri­ba Ta­vi­si me­om­re­bi da ase mi­mar­Ta:
`pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bo, sa­Wi­ro ar aris Se­gax­se­noT, rom Tqven mox­
ve­diT im qvey­ni­dan, ro­me­lic sa­ku­Ta­ri si­ma­macis ga­mo yo­velTvs
Ta­vi­su­fa­li iyo, da rom Tqven, do­ri­e­le­bi, miC­ve­u­li xarT
io­ni­e­leb­ze ga­mar­jve­bas. me min­da agix­snaT Ce­mi geg­ma. nu ifiq­
rebT, rom Cven sus­te­bi varT, rad­gan cotani midian brZo­la­Si.
vfiq­rob, mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge aq imi­tom avi­da, rom Cven ar gva­fa­sebs.
is Se­iZ­le­ba udar­de­lad da uwes­ri­god aT­va­li­e­rebs mi­da­mos
da sul ar elis Cvens Tavdas­xmas. Tu mis Sec­do­mebs ga­viT­va­
lis­wi­nebT da Se­vu­tevT, nam­dvi­lad ga­vi­mar­jvebT. di­di sa­xe­li
mo­aqvs im sam­xed­ro xri­kebs, rom­le­bic mters aty­ue
­ ­ben da Cven
gva­mar­jve­bi­ne­ben. ami­tom sa­nam mte­ri sab­rZol­ve­lad moum­za­
de­be­lia da mSvi­dad aris, Se­iZ­le­ba sa­er­To­dac ar fiq­robs aq
dar­Ce­nas da Se­um­Cnev­lad un­da was­vla, me min­da Cems xal­xTan
er­Tad Tavs da­ves­xa maT da ma­Ti laS­qris cen­trze mi­vi­ta­no
ie­ri­Si, sa­nam gons mo­su­lan da moq­me­de­bis geg­ma Se­ud­ge­ni­aT.
Sen ki, kle­a­ri­dos, ro­gorc ki Se­am­Cnev, rom me maT va­viw­ro­veb,
ga­a­Re WiS­ka­ri, qa­la­qi­dan ga­mo­di da maT xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la
ga­u­mar­Te. ime­di maqvs, isi­ni ga­iq­ce­vi­an, rad­gan mtris­Tvis me­o­re
Tav­das­xma gver­di­dan uf­ro sa­Si­Si­a, vid­re im me­to­qes­Tan brZo­
la, vi­sac uk­ve eb­rZvis. Sen Ta­vi ise ge­Wi­ros, ro­gorc spar­tels
da Tqvenc, mo­kav­Si­re­e­bo, ma­ma­cad mih­ye­viT Tqvens be­lads. ico­
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deT, ga­mar­jve­bis­Tvis sa­mi ram aris sa­Wi­ro: sim­tki­ce, Rir­se­bis
grZno­ba da dis­cip­li­na. ico­deT, dRes wyde­ba Tqve­ni be­di – an
Se­i­nar­Cu­nebT Ta­vi­suf­le­bas da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­ris
sa­pa­tio sa­xels, an aTe­nel­Ta mo­ne­bi gax­de­biT. Ta­ma­mad gas­wi­
eT sab­rZol­ve­lad. Tqven xe­davT, ra di­di saq­mis­Tvis ib­rZviT.
me ki da­gim­tki­cebT, rom Se­miZ­lia ara mar­to ga­vam­xne­vo sxva,
ara­med Tvi­To­nac ga­mo­vi­Ci­no si­ma­ma­ce~.
am sity­ve­bis Sem­deg bra­si­da­si qa­la­qi­dan ga­sas­vle­lad
mo­em­za­da, xo­lo laS­qa­ri kle­a­ri­do­sis sar­dlo­biT Tra­ki­ul
WiS­kar­Tan ga­na­la­ga, sa­i­da­nac maT aTe­ne­leb­ze unda mi­e­ta­naT
ie­ri­Si. ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­am­Cni­es, rom bra­si­da­si ker­
di­li­o­si­dan da­eS­va da msxverpls swi­rav­da aTe­nas ta­Zar­Si.
kle­o­ni Ta­vi­si laS­qriT mi­u­ax­lov­da qalaqs mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ze
saT­val­Tva­lod. aq man Se­aty­o, rom mtris ja­ri qa­laq­Sia da,
ram­de­na­dac WiS­kris qve­Si­dan adami­a­ne­bi­sa da cxe­ne­bis fe­xe­bi
Can­da, mix­vda, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge Tav­das­xmas api­reb­da. kle­o­ni
Tvi­Ton mi­vi­da WiS­kar­Tan, dar­wmun­da am cno­bis sis­wo­re­Si da
ukan da­xe­va brZa­na. ime­di hqon­da, rom Tavs aa­ri­deb­da brZo­
las. mar­cxe­na frTas ei­o­no­sis­ken was­vla ub­rZa­na. kle­ons
eC­ve­ne­bo­da, rom ukan da­xe­va Za­li­an gaWianurda. man mo­ab­ru­na
mar­jve­na frTa da ukan da­xe­va da­iwy­o, ri­Tac flan­gi mo­a­SiS­vla
mtris Tav­das­xmi­saT­vis. bra­si­das­ma Se­am­Cni­a, rom xel­say­re­li
mo­men­ti dad­ga da Se­u­Za­xa Ta­vis meb­rZo­lebs: `Tqven ar ge­li­an.
es cxa­dia Su­be­bi­sa da Ta­ve­bis moZ­ra­o­biT. Tav­das­xmas ase ar
xvde­bi­an. gax­se­niT WiS­ka­ri da Se­vu­ti­oT mters~.
bra­si­da­si ga­mo­vi­da WiS­kri­dan da Ta­vi­si raz­miT sir­bi­liT
mivida iq, sa­dac dRes ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­nia aR­mar­Tu­li. is
ek­ve­Ta aTe­nel­Ta centrs. isini ki, mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis si­ma­ma­ciT
Se­Si­ne­bu­le­bi, airivnen da ga­iq­cnen. ima­ve dros kle­a­ri­do­si
ga­mo­vi­da Tra­ki­u­li WiS­kri­dan da mters Se­ut
­ i­a. ori mxri­dan
Se­te­vam sul aria aTe­ne­le­bi. mar­cxe­na frTa uk­ve ei­o­no­sis
gzas ad­ga da ma­Sin­ve ga­iq­ca. ax­la bra­si­das­ma mar­jve­na frTas
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Se­u­ti­a, mag­ram da­iW­ra. aTe­ne­leb­ma ver Se­am­Cni­es, rom bra­si­da­si
wa­iq­ca da is mis­ma me­om­reb­ma brZo­lis ve­li­dan ga­iy­va­nes. aTe­
nel­Ta mar­jve­na frTa uf­ro mxned id­ga. kle­ons arc ufiq­ria
po­zi­ci­e­bis dac­va, ise gar­bo­da. is er­Tma pel­tas­tma mok­la.
mis­ma hop­li­teb­ma ri­ge­bi Sek­res da ram­den­jer­me mo­i­ge­ri­es
kle­a­ri­do­sis Se­te­va, bolos mxed­reb­ma da pel­tas­teb­ma isi­ni
mo­im­wyvdi­es da gaq­ce­va ai­Zu­les. ax­la aTe­nel­Ta mTe­li laS­qa­
ri mir­bo­da. vinc xel­Car­Tul brZo­la­Si gadarCa, ga­Wir­ve­biT
mi­aR­wia ei­o­noss. bra­si­da­si, jer ki­dev cocx­a­li, qa­laq­Si mi­iy­
va­nes. man Seityo ga­mar­jve­bis Se­sa­xeb da maleve gar­da­ic­va­la.
da­nar­Cen­ma laS­qar­ma kle­a­ri­do­sis sar­dlo­biT da­as­ru­la
mtris dev­na, da­xo­ci­lebs sa­Wur­ve­li ah­ya­ra da ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Ta.
mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma bra­si­da­si di­di pa­ti­viT dakrZales. am­fi­
po­li­sis mcxov­reb­leb­ma ki mis saf­lavs Ro­be Se­mo­av­les da
dRemde, ro­gorc gmirs, msxverpls swi­ra­ven. mis pa­tiv­sa­ce­mad
da­wes­da Ta­ma­Se­bi da msxver­plSe­wir­va. im dro­i­dan isi­ni qa­la­
qis da­ma­ar­seb­lad bra­si­dass mi­iC­ne­ven. da­an­gri­es hag­no­nis
yve­la na­ge­bo­ba da mos­pes yve­la­fe­ri, rac mis mi­er ko­lo­ni­is
da­ar­se­ba­ze mety­ve­leb­da. ase imi­tom mo­iq­cnen, rom bra­si­
da­si qa­la­qis mxsne­lad mi­aC­ndaT, Ta­nac Seq­mnil vi­Ta­re­ba­Si
aTe­ne­le­bis Si­SiT di­dad afa­seb­dnen la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­gob­
ro­bas. am­fi­po­li­seleb­ma aTe­ne­lebs ga­das­ces da­Ru­pul­Ta
cxed­re­bi. brZo­la­Si eq­vsa­si aTe­ne­li da­iR
­ u­pa, mowinaaRmdege
ki – mxo­lod Svi­di. es imi­tom mox­da, rom aTe­ne­lebs aras­wor
po­zi­ci­a­Si mo­u­wi­aT brZo­la, isi­ni Ta­vi­dan­ve pa­ni­kam mo­ic­va.
da­Ru­pul­Ta dak­rZal­vis Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bi Sin dab­run­dnen,
kle­a­ri­do­si ki am­fi­po­lis­Si dar­Ca sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi cxov­re­
bis mo­sa­wes­ri­geb­lad.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve periodSi la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta cxra­a­si hop­
li­ti Ca­vi­da he­rak­le­a­Si ad­gi­lob­riv uwes­ri­go­ba­Ta mo­sag­va­
reb­lad.
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zam­Tris da­sawy­is­Si maT gza ga­nag­rZes da Te­sa­li­as mi­ad­gnen,
mag­ram rad­gan Te­sa­li­el
­ ebs ma­Ti ga­ta­re­ba ar un­do­daT, xo­lo
bra­si­da­si, vis­Ta­nac isi­ni mi­di­od­nen, aRar iyo cocx­a­li, isi­ni
ukan gab­run­dnen. Tra­ki­a­Si maT ara­fe­ri esaq­me­bo­daT. da­mar­
cxe­bu­li aTe­ne­le­bi iq aRar iy­vnen, xo­lo bra­si­da­sis saq­mis
gag­rZe­le­ba maT ar xe­le­wi­fe­bo­daT.
am­fi­po­li­sis brZo­lis Sem­deg mxa­re­ebs sab­rZo­lo moq­me­de­
be­bi aRar ga­nu­ax­le­bi­aT. isi­ni Zi­ri­Ta­dad mSvi­do­ba­ze fiq­rob­
dnen. de­li­os­Tan da am­fi­po­lis­Tan mar­cxis Sem­deg aTe­ne­lebs
Se­er­yaT sa­ku­Ta­ri uZ­le­ve­lo­bis rwme­na. isi­ni Si­Sob­dnen, rom
mar­cxis Sem­deg ki­dev da­kar­gav­dnen mo­kavSi­re­ebs da na­nob­dnen,
rom pi­los­Tan ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg ua­ri Tqves mSvi­do­ba­ze.
me­o­re mxriv, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­sac sur­daT mSvi­do­ba, rad­gan omi
maT­Tvis uC­ve­u­lod wa­ri­mar­Ta: isi­ni fiq­rob­dnen, rom mtris
mi­wis ga­Ca­na­ge­biT mis Za­las ram­de­ni­me we­li­wad­Si ga­mo­fi­tav­
dnen; maT ar­na­xu­li mar­cxi ga­ni­ca­des kun­Zul­ze; ma­Ti mi­wa
mtris sa­Ta­re­Sod iqca ki­Te­ra­dan da pi­lo­si­dan; he­lo­te­bi
mtris mxa­re­ze ga­da­di­od­nen da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mud­mi­vad
ma­Ti ajan­ye­bis mo­lo­din­Si iy­vnen. amas­Ta­na­ve, ma­le ga­di­o­da
ar­gos­Tan oc­da­aT­wli­ani zavis va­da da ar­go­se­le­bi maT­Tvis
ki­nu­ri­as ol­qis dab­ru­ne­bis ga­re­Se axa­li xel­Sek­ru­le­bis
da­de­bas ar Tan­xmde­bod­nen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ki er­Tdro­ul
­ ad
ar­gos­Tan da aTen­Tan omi ar Se­eZ­loT. isi­ni eW­vob­dnen imasac,
rom pe­lo­po­ne­sis zo­gi qve­ya­na ar­go­sis mxa­re­ze api­reb­da
ga­das­vlas, rac mo­ma­val­Si ga­mar­Tlda ki­dec.
am mo­saz­re­be­bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­re, ori­ve mxa­res mSvi­do­ba
sur­da. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT mo­wa­di­ne­bu­li ma­inc la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
iy­vnen, rad­gan kun­Zul­ze daty­ve­ve­bul­Ta dab­ru­ne­ba un­do­
daT. tyve­Ta So­ris iyo bev­ri war­Ci­ne­bu­li spar­te­li, vi­sac
sa­xel­mwi­fos pir­vel pi­reb­Tan ax­lo na­Te­sa­o­ba akav­Si­reb­da.
maT da­sax­sne­lad sam­Svi­do­bo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
ma­Ti daty­ve­ve­bis­Ta­na­ve da­iwy­es, mag­ram aTe­ne­lebi, sa­nam be­di
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swya­lob­daT, Ta­nas­wo­ruf­le­bi­a­n za­vs ar Tanxmdebodnen. maT
mxo­lod de­li­os­Tan mar­cxis Sem­deg da­iwy­es daT­mo­beb­ze fiq­ri
da er­Ti wli­T da­za­vdnen.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma me­o­re mar­cxic iw­vni­es am­fi­po­lis­Tan,
sa­dac da­iR
­ u­pa mSvi­do­bis ori Zi­ri­Ta­di mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge – kle­o­
ni da bra­si­da­si. erTs omi imiT xib­lav­da, rom mas war­ma­te­ba da
sa­xe­li mo­u­ta­na, me­o­res ki eSi­no­da, rom mSvi­do­bi­a­no­bis dros
mi­si cod­ve­bi ga­mov­lin­de­bo­da da mas aRa­ra­vin da­uj
­ e­reb­da. ax­la
ori­ve sa­xel­mwi­fo­Si omis wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­mo­di­o­da ori ada­mi­a­ni,
vinc pir­ve­lo­bas es­wraf­o­da – la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­fe ple­is­to­
a­naq­si da Ta­vi­si dro­is yve­la­ze war­ma­te­bu­li sar­da­li ni­ki­a­si.
ni­ki­ass aqam­de be­di swya­lob­da. igi qve­ya­na­Si di­di pa­ti­vis­
ce­miT sar­geb­lob­da. mas un­do­da Se­e­nar­Cu­ne­bi­na ise­Ti ka­cis
sa­xe­li, vi­sac Ta­vi­si qvey­nis­Tvis aras­dros mo­u­ta­nia ube­du­re­
ba da yo­vel­Tvis cdi­lob­da Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­Ta omis­gan dax­snas.
ple­is­to­a­naqss ki om­ma mxo­lod gan­sac­de­li mo­u­ta­na. igi
qvey­ni­dan gan­dev­nes ati­ki­dan ukan­ da­xe­vis ga­mo, xo­lo Sin dab­
ru­ne­bis Sem­deg yo­ve­li wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis mi­ze­zad mas mi­iC­nev­
dnen. misi mowinaaRmdegeebi amtkicebdnen, rom me­fem mo­is­yi­da
del­fos mi­sa­ni da ise dab­ru­nda.
me­fes ime­di hqon­da, rom mSvi­do­bis dam­ya­re­bi­sa da tyve­e­
bis dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg mas Tavs daanebebdnen. mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi
zam­Tar­Si da­iwy­o, ga­zaf­xu­lis dam­degs ki la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
ga­ma­le­bu­li sa­o­ma­ri sam­za­di­si ganaaxles, ra­Ta amiT aTe­ne­le­
bi daT­mo­beb­ze da­e­yo­li­eb
­ i­naT. xan­grZli­vi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi­sa
da ur­Ti­er­Tsay­ve­du­re­bis Sem­deg ga­dawy­vi­tes da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT
er­Tma­ne­Ti­saT­vis omis dros war­Tme­u­li mi­we­bi da dazavebu­
liyvnen.
ni­sea aTe­ne­lebs dar­Ca, rad­gan Te­be­leb­ma ar daT­mes pla­
tea im sa­ba­biT, rom qa­la­qi maT sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT Ca­bar­da. ima­ve
sa­ba­biT iTx­ov­dnen aTe­ne­le­bi ni­se­as.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­Ta yri­lo­ba mo­iw­vi­es da xma­Ta
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um­rav­le­so­biT dazaveba ga­dawy­vi­tes. wi­na­aR­mde­gi be­o­ti­e­le­
bi, ko­rin­Te­le­bi, ele­e­le­bi da me­ga­re­le­bi iy­vnen. mxa­re­eb­ma
er­Tma­neTs Seh­fi­ces xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dac­va.
za­vi Semdeg pirobebs iTvaliswinebda: sa­er­To sam­loc­
velo­eb­Si ne­bis­mi­er msur­vels Ta­vi­suf­lad Se­uZ­lia mis­vla,
msxver­plis Se­wir­va, mis­no­bis Txov­na da zRvi­Ta Tu xme­le­
TiT sa­ze­i­mo el­Co­bis gag­zav­na. apo­lo­nis wmin­da nak­ve­Ti
da ta­Za­ri del­fo­Si da del­fo­e­li xal­xi da­mo­u­ki­de­be­li­a.
mSvi­do­ba er­Ti mxriv, aTe­ne­leb­sa da maT mokav­Si­re­ebs, xo­lo
me­o­re mxriv, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­sa da maT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs So­ris
or­moc­da­a­Ti wlis man­Zil­ze ar un­da da­ir­Rves zRva­sa da xme­
leT­ze. maT ar un­da io­mon er­TmaneT­Tan da ar mi­a­ye­non zi­a­ni
er­Tma­neTs. yve­la da­va un­da ga­dawy­des sa­sa­mar­Tlo­Si da mi­si
dad­ge­ni­le­bis dac­va fi­ciT un­da gan­mtkic­des. la­ke­de­mo­ne­
leb­ma un­da da­ub­ru­non aTe­ne­lebs am­fi­po­li­si. aTe­nel­TaT­vis
dab­ru­ne­bu­li qveyne­bis mo­sax­le­o­bas Se­uZ­lia Ta­vi­suf­lad
wa­vi­des, sa­dac un­da da qo­ne­ba Tan wa­i­Ros. qvey­ne­bi, rom­le­
bic aris­ti­de­sis dros da­we­se­bul xarks ix­di­an, da­mo­u­ki­deb­
le­bi un­da iy­vnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma ar un­da gag­zav­non ja­ri, Tu
isi­ni xarks dro­u­lad ga­da­ix­di­an. isi­ni ar un­da iy­vnen arc
er­Ti mxa­ris mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, mag­ram Se­uZ­li­aT sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT
Se­u­er­Tdnen aTe­ne­lebs. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma un­da da­ub­ru­non
aTe­ne­lebs pa­naq­to­si, xo­lo aTe­ne­len­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs –
ko­ri­fa­si­o­si, ki­Te­ra, me­Ta­ne, pte­le­o­si, ata­lan­ta. mxa­re­eb­ma
un­da gac­va­lon tyve­e­bi. ski­o­nes, to­ro­nes da aTe­nel­Ta sxva
sam­flo­be­lo­e­bis beds aTe­ne­le­bi ga­dawy­ve­ten. aTe­ne­leb­ma
un­da da­i­fi­con, rom mSvi­do­bas Se­i­nar­Cu­ne­ben yvela qve­ya­na­Si.
Ti­To­e­u­li qvey­nis war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma qveynis sa­xe­liT un­da
da­i­fi­con, rom da­i­ca­ven xel­Sek­ru­le­ba­s da mSvi­do­bas. ase­ve
da­i­fi­ce­ben la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi. sve­te­bi
aRi­mar­Te­ba olim­pi­a­Si, pi­To­Si, is­Tmos­ze, aTen­Si ak­ro­po­lis­ze
da la­ke­de­mon­Si apo­lo­nis ta­Zar­Si. Tu ro­me­li­me mxa­re ra­i­me
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Sec­do­mas da­uS­vebs, ne­bis­mi­ers Se­eZleba Ri­ad da pa­ti­os­nad
Tqvas amis Se­sa­xeb da ori­ve mxa­ris Tan­xmo­biT xel­Sek­ru­le­
ba­Si cvli­le­ba Se­i­ta­nos.
za­vi da­i­do zam­Tris mi­wu­rul­sa da ga­zaf­xu­lis dasa­wyisSi,
uSu­a­lod di­o­ni­ses dRe­sas­wa­u­lis Sem­deg. ati­ka­Si pir­ve­li
SeW­ri­dan da omis da­sawy­i­si­dan aTi we­li ga­vi­da.
dro­is aT­vli­sas um­jo­be­sia ga­viT­va­lis­wi­noT we­li­wa­dis
dro­Ta cvli­le­ba da ar da­vey­rdnoT ar­qon­te­bi­sa Tu sxva
mo­xe­le­Ta si­ebs, ris mi­xed­vi­Tac cal­ke­ul qvey­neb­Si aRi­niS­ne­ba
is­to­ri­ul mov­le­na­Ta Ta­ri­Re­bi, rad­gan am Sem­Txve­va­Si ga­ur­
kve­ve­li rCe­ba am pi­ris sam­sa­xu­ris ro­mel etap­ze mox­da esa Tu
is mov­le­na. xo­lo Tu zaf­xu­le­bi­Ta da zam­Tre­biT dav­TvliT,
ro­gorc amas me va­ke­Teb, aR­mo­va­CenT, rom pir­ve­li omis dros
ga­vi­da aTi zaf­xu­li da am­de­ni­ve zam­Ta­ri.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ma­Sin­ve ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­les Ta­vi­si tyve­e­bi
da gag­zav­nes Ta­vi­si war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi Tra­ki­is sa­na­pi­ro­ze
kle­ar
­ i­das­Tan, ra­Ta am­fi­po­li­si aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis ga­da­e­caT,
xo­lo sxva qvey­nebs xel­Sek­ru­le­bis is pun­qte­bi mi­e­RoT, rom­
le­bic maT exe­bo­daT.
Tra­ki­ul­ma qvey­neb­ma ar mi­i­Res xel­Sek­ru­le­ba, rad­gan igi
Ta­vis­Tvis ara­xel­say­re­lad miiCnies. kle­a­ri­dos­mac, Tra­ki­el­
Ta sa­a­meb­lad, ar daT­mo am­fi­po­li­si im sa­ba­biT, rom amis ga­ke­
Te­ba ar Se­eZ­lo mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ne­bis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god. kle­a­ri­do­si
qal­ki­del­Ta el­Ceb­Tan er­Tad gaem­gzav­ra la­ke­de­mon­Si, ra­Ta
Ta­vi emar­Tle­bi­na. mas isic ain­te­re­seb­da, SeiZleboda Tu ara
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis piro­be­bis Sec­vla. Cas­vlis­Ta­na­ve ki Se­ity­o,
rom xel­Sek­ru­le­ba uk­ve da­de­bu­li iyo. igi ukan gaabrunes,
ra­Ta qa­la­qi aTe­nel­TaT­vis ga­da­ec
­ aT, xo­lo Tu es Se­uZ­le­be­li
iq­ne­bo­da, pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi iqi­dan wa­mo­ey­va­naT.
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi ma­Sin la­ke­de­mon­Si im­yo­fe­bod­
nen da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mo­iTx­ov­dnen, urC qvey­nebs xel­Sekru­le­
ba mi­e­RoT. mag­ram isi­ni uf­ro sa­mar­Tli­an pi­ro­bebs iTxovdnen.
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rad­gan mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ar da­e­mor­Cil­nen, la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebma ar
ga­uS­ves isi­ni da da­des kav­Si­ri aTe­ne­leb­Tan. isi­ni mi­iC­nev­dnen,
rom ar­go­se­le­bi, rom­leb­mac ua­ri Tqves sam­Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­
ru­le­ba­ze, aTe­nel­Ta dax­ma­re­bis ga­re­Se maT­Tvis xi­faTs ar
war­mo­ad­gen­dnen, xo­lo pe­lo­po­ne­sis sxva qvey­ne­bi sim­Svi­des
Se­i­nar­Cu­neb­dnen. ami­tom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma isar­geb­les aTe­
nel­Ta el­Ce­bis spar­ta­Si yof­niT da maT­Tan da­iwy­es mo­la­pa­
ra­ke­ba kav­Si­ris Se­sa­xeb Sem­deg pi­ro­beb­ze:
`la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da aTe­ne­le­bi mom­dev­no aTi wlis ganmav­
lobaSi mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi iq­ne­bi­an. Tu vin­me sam­trod mi­va la­ke­de­mo­
nel­Ta mi­wa­ze, aTe­ne­le­bi maT yve­la sa­Su­a­le­biT un­da da­ex­ma­ron.
Tu mte­ri qve­ya­nas aa­ox­rebs da ukan gab­run­de­ba, is mtrad un­da
dar­Ces la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta da aTe­nel­TaT­vis da ori­vem un­da iZi­os
mas­ze Su­ri. za­vi ki erT­ob­li­vad un­da da­don. Tu vin­me sam­trod
mi­va aTe­ne­le­bis mi­wa­ze, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi maT yve­la sa­Su­a­le­
biT un­da da­ex­ma­ron. yme­bis ajan­ye­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si aTe­ne­le­bi
SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad un­da da­ex­ma­ron la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs. es xel­
Sek­ru­le­ba fi­ciT un­da ga­nam­tki­con ima­ve pi­reb­ma, rom­leb­mac
wi­na xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­a­das­tu­res. fi­ci yo­vel­wli­ur
­ ad un­da
ga­nax­ldes, ris­Tvi­sac la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi un­da Ca­vid­nen aTen­Si
di­o­ni­si­eb­ze, xo­lo aTe­ne­le­bi la­ke­de­mon­Si hi­a­kin­Ti­eb­ze. ori­ve
mxa­rem un­da aR­mar­Tos ste­la:erTma – la­ke­de­mon­Si, apo­lo­nis
ta­Zar­Si, me­o­rem ki – aTe­nis ak­ro­po­lis­ze, aTe­nas ta­Zar­Si. Tu
mxa­re­e­bi ga­dawy­ve­ten, ra­me da­a­ma­ton an ga­mo­ak­lon am xel­Sek­
ru­le­bas, maT es unda ga­a­ke­Ton fi­cis dar­Rve­vis ga­re­Se~.
es xel­Sek­ru­le­ba mSvi­do­bis dam­ya­re­bis Sem­deg ma­le­ve
da­i­do. aTe­ne­leb­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs da­ub­ru­nes tyve­e­bi. amiT
das­rul­da pir­ve­li omi, ro­me­lic aT weliwads grZel­de­bo­da.
im qvey­neb­Si, rom­le­bic xel­Sek­ru­le­bas Se­u­er­Tdnen, mSvi­
do­ba dam­yar­da, mag­ram ko­rin­Te­le­bi da zo­gi sxva pe­lo­po­
ne­su­ri qve­ya­na cdi­lob­da miR­we­u­li Se­Tan­xme­bis dar­Rve­vas.
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ma­le ga­uC­ndaT la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan uTan­xmo­e­bis
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sa­ba­bi. gar­da ami­sa, dro­Ta gan­mav­lo­ba­Si aTe­ne­lebs la­ke­de­mo­
nel­Ta mi­mar­Tac ga­uC­ndaT eW­vi, rad­gan Se­Tan­xme­bis zo­gi­er­Ti
pi­ro­ba maT ar Se­as­ru­les. mar­Ta­li­a, eq­vsi wli­sa da aTi Tvis
ganmavlobaSi mxa­re­e­bi er­Tma­ne­Tis mi­was Tavs ar das­xmi­an, mag­
ram ucxo qvey­neb­Si isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen er­Tma­ne­Tis­Tvis ev­noT.
bo­los ki maT da­ar­Rvi­es mSvi­do­ba da aS­ka­ra omi ga­mo­acx­a­des.
aTe­nel­ma Tu­ki­di­dem es omic aR­we­ra Tan­mim­dev­ru­lad, mov­
le­ne­bis mi­xed­viT, rom­leb­sac wli­dan wlam­de zaf­xu­le­bi­Ta
da zam­Tre­biT iT­vli­da, sa­nam la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da mo­kav­Si­
re­eb­ma ar da­a­mar­cxes aTe­nis sa­xel­mwi­fo. am mo­men­tam­de omi
grZel­de­bo­da oc­daS­vi­d weliwads da Sec­de­ba is, vinc oms ar
mi­a­kuT­vnebs mo­nak­veTs or aS­ka­ra oms So­ris. sak­ma­ri­si­a, Tva­li
ga­da­vav­loT Cem mi­er aR­we­ril mov­le­nebs, rom dav­rwmun­debiT,
dro­is am mo­nak­veTs mSvi­do­bi­ans ver vu­wo­debT. mxa­re­ebs ar
da­ub­ru­ne­bi­aT da ar mi­u­Ri­aT yve­la­fe­ri, rac xel­Sek­ru­le­biT
iyo gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li. gar­da ami­sa, man­ti­ne­i­sa da epi­dav­ro­sis
omeb­Si da sxva saq­me­eb­Sic xel­Sek­ru­le­bis cal­ke­ul
­ i pun­qte­bi
ir­Rve­o­da. Tra­ki­e­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi mtru­lad iy­vnen aTe­nel­Ta
mi­marT gan­wyo­bi­li, xo­lo be­o­ti­e­le­bi icav­dnen da­za­ve­bas,
ro­me­lic yo­ve­li aTi dRis me­re un­da ga­nax­le­bu­li­yo.
or­moc­da­aT­wli­a­ni mSvi­do­bi­sa da aTe­ne­leb­Tan xel­Sek­ru­
le­bis da­de­bis Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta el­Ceb­ma la­ke­de­mo­ni
da­to­ves. yve­la Sin dab­run­da, gar­da ko­rin­Te­le­bi­sa, rom­le­
bic ar­gos­Si wa­vid­nen. maT ga­nucx­a­des ar­go­se­lebs, rom la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­ma xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­des maT ubo­ro­tes mter­Tan,
aTe­ne­leb­Tan, ra­Ta mTe­li pe­lo­po­ne­si da­i­mor­Ci­lon, ami­tom
ar­go­se­leb­ma zo­me­bi un­da mi­iR
­ on pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta ga­da­sar­Ce­
nad. maT un­da Ses­Ta­va­zon yve­la da­mo­u­ki­de­bel qa­laqs, vinc
ki ur­Ti­er­TTa­nas­wo­ro­bas aRi­­a­rebs, ar­gos­Tan Tav­dac­vi­Ti
kav­Si­ri Sek­ras, mag­ram mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi un­da awar­mo­on ara
sa­ja­rod, ara­med uf­le­ba­mo­sil war­mo­mad­gen­leb­Tan, ra­Ta
sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si Crdi­li ara­vis
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mi­ad­ges. korin­Te­leb­ma da­u­ma­tes, rom la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta si­Zul­
vi­liT mra­va­li qve­ya­na Se­u­er­Tde­ba am kav­Sirs.
ar­go­sel­Ta sax­lxo kre­bam mo­i­wo­na es wi­na­da­de­ba da Se­ar­
Cia Tor­me­ti uf­le­ba­mo­si­li pi­ri, rom­leb­Ta­nac yve­la elins,
aTe­ne­le­bi­sa da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis gar­da, Se­eZ­lo kav­Si­ris
da­de­ba, aTe­ne­leb­sa da la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ki es mxo­lod sa­xal­
xo kre­bis ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­biT Se­eZ­loT. ar­go­se­le­bi si­a­mov­ne­
biT da­Tan­xmdnen, rad­gan la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan oms elod­nen.
maT ime­di hqon­daT, rom wam­yvan mdgo­ma­re­o­bas mo­i­po­veb­dnen
pe­lo­po­nes­Si, rad­gan am dro­i­saT­vis la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta di­de­ba
Se­ir­ya: sam­xed­ro wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bam maT mi­marT upa­tiv­ce­mu­lo­ba
ga­mo­iw­vi­a. ar­go­sis mdgo­ma­re­o­ba yve­la Tval­saz­ri­siT kar­gi
iyo. is ar mo­na­wi­le­ob­da ati­kur om­Si, inar­Cu­neb­da mSvi­do­bas
ori­ve mxa­res­Tan da aqe­dan mo­ge­bac hqon­da. ar­go­se­le­bi mzad
iy­vnen, yve­la eli­ni mi­e­RoT kav­Sir­Si.
pir­ve­le­bi am kav­Sirs man­ti­ne­e­le­bi Se­u­er­Tdnen. man­ti­
ne­e­leb­ma jer ki­dev aTe­ne­leb­Tan omis dros da­i­mor­Ci­les
ar­ka­di­is na­wi­li. ax­la isi­ni Si­Sob­dnen, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebi
maT­Tvisac mo­ic­lid­nen da am mi­we­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bis uf­le­bas
ar mis­cem­dnen. ami­tom man­ti­ne­e­le­bi si­xa­ru­liT Se­u­er­Tdnen
ar­goss, Zli­er da de­mok­ra­ti­ul qve­ya­nas, ro­me­lic yo­vel­Tvis
upi­ris­pir­de­bo­da la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs. man­ti­ne­as gan­dgo­mis Sem­
deg pe­lo­po­ne­sis sxva qvey­neb­Sic da­iwy­es ama­ze fiq­ri. pe­lo­
po­ne­se­le­bi fiq­rob­dnen, rom man­ti­ne­e­le­bi ar­go­sis mxa­re­ze
ga­das­vliT xeirs na­xav­dnen. gar­da ami­sa, pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta
ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­bas iw­vev­da xel­Sek­ru­le­bis pun­qti, ro­me­lic la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­sa da aTe­ne­lebs xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Sec­vlis uf­le­bas
aZ­lev­da. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi eW­vob­dnen, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
aTe­nel­Ta dax­ma­re­biT pe­lo­po­ne­se­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis da­mor­Ci­
le­bas api­reb­dnen. isi­ni mo­iTx­ov­dnen, xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Sec­vlis
uf­le­ba mxo­lod mTel kav­Sirs hqo­no­da. am­de­nad, la­ke­de­mo­
nel­Ta Si­SiT, pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba mzad iyo ar­go­sis
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mxa­re­s ga­da­su­li­yo. ro­de­sac pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ga­i­ges, rom
am gan­wyo­bas aR­vi­veb­dnen ko­rin­Te­le­bi, rom­le­bic Tvi­To­nac
api­reb­dnen ar­gos­Tan xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dade­bas, maT gag­zav­nes
ko­rin­TosSi el­Ce­bi, ra­Ta mov­le­na­Ta ara­sa­sur­vel gan­vi­Ta­re­
bas win aR­dgo­mod­nen. el­Ce­bi ada­na­Sa­u­leb­dnen ko­rin­Te­lebs da
am­tki­ceb­dnen, rom isi­ni fics da­ar­Rve­ven, Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
ga­nud­ge­bi­an da ar­go­se­leb­Tan kav­Sirs Sek­ra­ven. ko­rin­Te­le­bi
uk­ve usa­mar­Tlod mo­iq­cnen ma­Sin, ro­de­sac ar mi­i­Res aTe­ne­
leb­Tan xel­Sek­ru­le­ba, ro­de­sac mo­kav­Si­re­Ta um­rav­le­so­bis
ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba yve­las­Tvis sa­val­de­bu­lo un­da yo­fi­li­yo.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma wi­nas­war mi­iw­vi­es sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, vinc maT
msgav­sad ua­ri Tqva xel­Sek­ru­le­ba­ze da ma­Ti Tan­das­wre­biT
upa­su­xes la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs. maT pirda­pir ar uTqvamT, rom nawy­
e­nebi iy­vnen, rad­gan la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ar da­ic­ves ma­Ti in­te­re­
se­bi. Ta­vi­si ua­ri maT imiT da­a­sa­bu­Tes, rom ver mi­a­to­veb­dnen
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs Tra­ki­a­Si, vis­Tanac fi­ciT iy­vnen da­kav­Si­re­bu­li.
am sa­fuZ­vel­ze, ko­rinTe­le­bi uar­yof­dnen, rom sa­mo­kav­Si­reo
xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­ar­Rvi­es. rac Se­ex
­ e­ba ar­gos­Tan kav­Sirs, maT
ga­nacxa­des, rom moe­TaT­bi­re­bi­an me­gob­rebs da sa­mar­Tli­a­nad
ga­dawyve­ten sa­kiTxs. amis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­li el­Ce­bi sax­lSi
dab­run­dnen. im dros ko­rin­TosSi uk­ve im­yo­fe­bod­nen ar­go­sel­
Ta el­Ce­bi, rom­le­bic maT xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­bis­ken mo­u­wo­
deb­dnen. mag­ram ko­rin­Te­leb­ma isi­ni Sem­deg Sek­re­ba­ze mi­iw­vi­es.
ma­le Ca­mo­vid­nen ele­e­li el­Ce­bi, rom­leb­mac jer ko­rin­Te­
leb­Tan Sekres kav­Si­ri, Sem­deg ki – ar­go­se­leb­Tan. ele­e­lebs
ma­Sin uTan­xmo­e­ba hqon­daT la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan lep­re­o­sis
ga­mo. maT Sem­deg ar­go­sel­Ta kav­Sir­Si Se­vid­nen ko­rin­Te­le­bi
da Tra­ki­is sa­na­pi­ros qal­ki­de­le­bi. be­o­ti­ele­bi da me­ga­re­le­
bi, Tum­ca sa­ub­rob­dnen kav­Sir­Si Ses­vla­ze, mag­ram sa­a­mi­sod
ara­fe­ri ga­u­ke­Te­bi­aT. ma­Ti sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi wyo­ba la­ke­de­
mo­nel­Ta oli­gar­qi­ul mmar­Tve­lo­bas uf­ro uax­lov­de­bo­da,
vid­re ar­go­sis de­mok­ra­ti­as.
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da­ax­lo­e­biT ima­ve dros, imave zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma ski­o­ne
ai­Res. ka­ce­bi da­xo­ces, qa­le­bi da bav­Sve­bi mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des,
mi­wa ki pla­te­el
­ ebs ga­das­ces. de­lo­sis mo­sax­le­o­ba ki, mis­no­
bis Tanaxmad, kun­Zul­ze da­ab­ru­nes. fo­ke­e­leb­sa da lok­rebs
So­ris omi da­iwy­o.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma da ar­go­se­leb­ma te­ge­as Ses­Ta­va­zes mokav­
Si­re­o­ba. maT ime­di hqon­daT, rom amiT mTe­li pe­lo­po­ne­si
maT mxa­re­ze aR­moC­nde­bo­da. mag­ram te­ge­am ga­nacx­a­da, rom ar
api­rebs la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan da­pi­ris­pi­re­bas. ko­rinTe­leb­ma
kav­Sir­Si mi­iw­vi­es ag­reT­ve be­o­ti­e­le­bi, Sem­deg ki sTxo­ves
maT, gah­yo­lod­nen aTen­Si da dax­ma­re­bod­nen aT­dRi­an da­za­
ve­ba­ze xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­ba­Si. am­gva­ri Se­Tan­xme­ba aTen­sa
da be­o­ti­as So­ris ma­le da­i­do or­mocda­aT­wli­a­ni mSvi­do­bis
Se­sa­xeb. kav­Sir­Si Ses­vlas be­o­ti­e­le­bi ar Cqa­rob­dnen, isi­ni
gahy­vnen ko­rin­Te­lebs aTen­Si, mag­ram aT­dRi­a­ni da­za­ve­ba ar
mo­xer­xda. aTe­ne­le­bi mi­iC­nev­dnen, rom ar­se­bu­li xel­Sek­ru­le­ba
ko­rin­Te­leb­zec vrcel­de­bo­da, rad­gan isi­ni la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi iy­vnen. am­gva­rad, ko­rin­Te­lebs, faq­tob­ri­vad,
aTe­ne­leb­Tan za­vi hqon­daT xel­Sek­ru­le­bis ga­re­Se.
ima­ve zaf­xuls la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ple­is­to­an
­ aq­sis sar­dlo­
biT ga­i­laS­qres pa­ra­si­e­bis mi­wa­ze, rom­le­bic man­ti­ne­e­lebs
hqondaT dapyrobili. ajan­ye­bul­ma pa­ra­si­eb­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
ux­mes. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs aseve sur­daT, da­en­gri­aT kif­se­les
ci­xe, ro­me­lic la­ko­ni­as emuq­re­bo­da. man­ti­ne­e­lebs iq gar­
ni­zo­ni ed­gaT. man­ti­ne­e­leb­ma ver SeZ­les mi­si dac­va da ukan
gab­run­dnen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ki pa­ra­si­ebs da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba
da­ub­ru­nes, xo­lo ci­xe da­an­gri­es.
ima­ve zaf­xuls Tra­ki­i­dan dab­run­da bra­si­da­sis laS­qa­ri.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, Ta­vi­suf­le­ba mi­e­caT he­lo­te­
bis­Tvis, vinc bra­si­da­sis sar­dlo­biT ib­rZo­da, da Ca­a­sax­les
isi­ni lep­re­os­Si, la­ko­ni­i­sa da eli­sis sazR­var­ze.
kun­Zul­ze tyved Ca­var­dnil spar­te­lebs la­ke­de­mone­leb­ma
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mo­qa­la­qis uf­le­be­bi Se­uzR­u­des. er­Ti mxriv, am xalxs ma­Ti
ube­du­re­bis ga­mo ar un­da da­ek­ ar­ga mo­qa­la­qeo­ba, mag­ram, me­o­re
mxriv, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Si­Sob­dnen, maT sa­xel­mwi­fo Ta­nam­de­bo­
beb­ze yof­nas sa­xel­mwi­fo ga­dat­ri­a­le­ba ar ga­mo­ew­vi­a. Tum­ca,
dro­Ta gan­mav­lo­ba­Si maT uf­le­­be­bi aRud­gi­nes.
ima­ve zaf­xuls di­es mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma da­i­ka­ves aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­
Si­re Ti­so­si aTo­nis sa­na­pi­ro­ze.
mar­Ta­li­a, zaf­xu­lSi la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da aTe­ne­leb­ma mSvi­
do­ba Se­in­ ar­Cu­nes, mag­ram ma­inc ar­se­bob­da ur­Ti­erT­un­dob­lo­
ba, rad­gan maT ar da­ub­ru­ne­bi­aT er­Tma­ne­Tis­Tvis is pun­qte­bi,
rom­le­bic xel­Sek­ru­le­biT iyo gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li. wi­lis­yriT
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs pir­ve­lebs un­da da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT am­fi­po­li­si
da sxva ad­gi­le­bi, mag­ram es ar ga­u­ke­Te­bi­aT. gar­da ami­sa, maT ar
ai­Zu­les Tra­ki­e­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, be­o­ti­e­le­bi da ko­rin­Te­le­bi,
xe­li mo­e­we­raT xel­Sek­ru­le­ba­ze, Tum­ca ir­wmu­ne­bod­nen, rom
Tu es ar mox­da, isi­ni aTe­ne­leb­Tan er­Tad Za­las ga­mo­iy
­ e­neb­
dnen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mog­vi­a­ne­biT, sity­vi­e­rad ma­inc, mtrad
ga­mo­acx­a­des yve­la is qve­ya­na, vinc xel­Sek­ru­le­bas dro­ul
­ ad
ar mo­a­we­ra xe­li. aTe­ne­le­bi xe­dav­dnen, rom pi­ro­ba pi­ro­bad
rCe­bo­da, da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis gul­wrfe­lo­ba­Si eW­vi Se­e­pa­
raT. ami­tom maT Ta­vis mxriv ar da­ab­ru­nes pi­lo­si da ima­sac
na­nob­dnen, tyve­eb
­ i rom ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­les. maT ga­dawy­vi­tes Se­e­
nar­Cu­ne­bi­naT sxva ad­gi­le­bic, sa­nam la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi imas ar
da­ab­ru­neb­dnen, rac xel­Sek­ru­le­biT iyo gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ir­wmu­ne­bod­nen, rom yve­la­fe­ri ga­a­ke­Tes,
rac Se­eZ­loT: maT da­ab­ru­nes tyve­e­bi, ga­iy­va­nes ja­ri Tra­
ki­is sa­na­pi­ro­dan da sxv. am­fi­po­liss isi­ni ver da­ab­ru­ne­ben,
rad­ga­nac ar flo­bdnen mas. isi­ni ma­inc ec­de­bi­an da­i­yo­li­on
be­o­ti­e­le­bi da ko­rin­Te­le­bi ra­Ta xel­Sek­ru­le­bas xe­li mo­a­
we­ron da ec­de­bi­an, be­o­ti­e­lebs da­ab­ru­ne­bi­non pa­naq­to­si da
aTe­ne­li tyve­e­bi. amas­Tan, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi iTx­ov­dnen pi­lo­sis
dab­ru­ne­bas, an uki­du­res Sem­Txve­va­Si, iqi­dan me­se­ni­e­le­bi­sa da
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he­lo­te­bis gay­va­nas. xan­grZli­vi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bis Se­de­gad maT
da­ar­wmu­nes aTe­ne­le­bi da pi­lo­si­dan ga­mo­su­li me­se­ni­e­le­bi
da he­lo­te­bi kra­ni­a­sa da ke­fa­le­ni­aS
­ i.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars, la­ke­de­mon­Si, ro­de­sac iq uk­ve sxva
efo­re­bi iy­vnen, Ca­vid­nen mo­kav­Si­re­Ta, ag­reT­ve aTe­nis, be­o­
ti­i­sa da ko­rin­Tosis el­Ce­bi. xan­grZli­vi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi
uSe­de­god dam­Tav­rda. kle­o­bu­los­ma da qse­na­res­ma, efor­Ta
So­ris mSvi­do­bis mTa­var­ma mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­ma, ker­Zo mo­la­
pa­ra­ke­be­bi da­iwy­es be­o­ti­e­leb­Tan da ko­rin­Te­leb­Tan. isi­ni
ur­Cev­dnen be­o­ti­e­lebs, ko­rin­Te­leb­Tan er­Tad Se­su­liy­vnen
ar­go­sis kav­Sir­Si, xo­lo Sem­deg da­er­wmu­ne­bi­naT ar­go­se­le­bi,
Se­mo­er­Te­bod­nen la­ke­de­mo­nis kav­Sirs. am gziT, be­o­ti­e­le­
bi da­ix­snid­nen Tavs ati­kur xel­Sek­ru­le­bas­Tan mi­er­Te­bis
val­de­bu­le­bis­gan. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ar­gos­Tan me­gob­ro­ba da
kav­Si­ri er­CiaT, vid­re aTen­Tan. ar­gos­Tan mtki­ce mSvi­do­ba
maT pe­lo­po­ne­sis ga­reT omis ­war­mo­ebis saSualebas miscemda.
amas­Tan, efo­re­bi sTxov­dnen be­ot
­ i­e­lebs, ga­da­ec
­ aT maT­Tvis
pa­naq­to­si, ra­Ta is pi­los­ze ga­ec­va­laT da Sem­deg uf­ro Ta­ma­
mad ga­ne­ax­le­bi­naT omi aTe­ne­leb­Tan.
ase­Ti wi­na­da­de­be­bi wa­u­Res be­o­ti­el­ma da ko­rin­Tel­ma
el­Ceb­ma sa­ku­Tar mTav­ro­bebs. uka­na gza­ze maT ar­go­sis mTav­ro­
bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi Sex­vdnen, rom­le­bic be­o­ti­e­lebs maT­Tan
kav­Sir­Si Ses­vlas sTxov­dnen. am Sem­Txve­va­Si isi­ni uf­ro io­lad
SeZ­leb­dnen om­sac da mSvi­do­bis dam­ya­re­ba­sac la­ke­de­mon­Tan
an ne­bis­mi­er sxva qve­ya­nas­Tan. be­o­ti­e­lebs es wi­na­da­de­ba mo­e­
wo­naT, rad­gan igi Tan­xvde­bo­da la­ke­de­mo­nel me­go­bar­Ta rCe­
va­sac. Sin dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg el­Ceb­ma mo­ax­se­nes be­o­tar­qebs
am wi­na­da­de­be­bis Se­sa­xeb. be­o­tar­qe­bi si­xa­ru­liT da­Tan­xmdnen
ar­gos­Tan kav­Sir­ze, rad­gan la­ke­de­mo­ne­li me­gob­re­bic amis
mom­xre­eb
­ i iy­vnen.
be­o­ti­u­ri kav­Si­ris sab­Wo­eb­ma, vi­sac am mxa­re­Si xe­li­suf­
le­ba ekuT­vno­da, es wi­na­da­de­ba ar mo­i­wo­nes. sab­Wos wev­rebs
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la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ga­nawy­e­ne­bis eSi­no­daT, xo­lo be­o­tar­qeb­ma
maT sa­i­dum­lo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis Se­sa­xeb ar ac­no­bes. am­de­nad,
es wa­mowy­e­ba Ca­i­Sa­la. ko­rin­Te­li da Tra­kie­li el­Ce­bi Sin
gab­run­dnen, xo­lo be­o­tar­qebs ar­go­si­saT­vis kav­Si­ri aRar
Se­u­Ta­va­ze­bi­aT.
ima­ve zam­Tars, olin­Te­leb­ma mo­u­lod­ne­li Tav­das­xmiT
da­i­ka­ves me­ki­ber­na, sa­dac aTe­nel­Ta gar­ni­zo­ni id­ga.
aTe­ne­le­bi ag­rZe­leb­dnen mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bas la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan
da­ka­ve­bu­li pun­qte­bis gac­vlis Ta­o­ba­ze. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
el­Ce­bi gag­zav­nes be­o­ti­a­Si da pa­naq­to­si­sa da aTe­ne­li tyve­
e­bis dab­ru­ne­ba mo­iTx­o­ves, ra­Ta sa­nac­vlod pi­lo­si mi­e­RoT.
be­o­ti­e­le­bi uar­ze iy­vnen da­eT­moT si­mag­re, Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­
le­bi maT­Tan xel­Sek­ru­le­bas ar da­deb­dnen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
mSve­niv­rad es­mo­daT, rom amis uf­le­ba ar hqon­daT, mag­ram
pi­lo­sis dab­ru­ne­ba sur­daT, Ta­nac aTen­Tan mSvi­do­bis mo­wi­
na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi es­wraf­vod­nen be­o­ti­as­Tan kav­Sirs. bo­los, zam­
Tris da­sas­ruls, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ma­inc da­des xel­Sek­ru­le­ba
be­o­ti­e­leb­Tan. be­o­ti­e­leb­ma ki pa­naq­to­sis dan­gre­va da­iwy­es.
ase das­rul­da omis me­Ter­Tme­te we­li.
ga­zaf­xul­ze ar­gos­Si ga­i­ges pa­naq­to­sis dan­gre­vi­sa da
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis be­o­ti­e­leb­Tan kav­Si­ris Se­sa­xeb. be­o­ti­el­
Ta el­Ce­bi ki ar Can­dnen. ar­go­se­lebs Se­e­Sin­daT, rom mar­to­ni
dar­Ce­bod­nen da yve­la mo­kav­Si­re la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mxa­re­ze
ga­da­i­nac­vleb­da. isi­ni fiq­rob­dnen, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
be­o­ti­e­le­bi da­i­yo­li­es aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Sir­ze da ar­go­se­lebs
aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ric ki aRar ga­mo­u­vi­do­daT. aqam­de ime­dov­
neb­dnen, rom mxa­re­Ta ur­Ti­erT­un­dob­lo­bis ga­mo er­T-er­TTan
kav­Si­ri ga­ran­ti­re­bu­li hqon­daT. ax­la ki es ime­di gauqar­
wyldaT da ami­tom ga­dawy­vi­tes la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan el­Ce­bis
gag­zav­na. ad­re la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ri ar sur­daT, rad­gan
pe­lo­po­nes­Si ba­to­no­ba­ze oc­ne­bob­dnen, mag­ram Seq­mnil mdgo­
ma­re­ob
­ a­Si es mSvi­do­bis er­Ta­der­Ti gza iyo.
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la­ke­de­mon­Si Ca­sul­ma el­Ceb­ma sam­Svi­do­bo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­
be­bi da­iwy­es. pir­vel rig­Si, maT mo­iTx­o­ves sa­sazR­vro da­vis
ga­dawy­ve­ta sa­Su­am
­ av­lo sa­sa­mar­Tlos meS­ve­o­biT. la­ke­de­mo­ne­
leb­ma es wi­na­da­de­ba uaryves da ar­go­se­lebs xel­Sek­ru­le­bis
Zveli pi­ro­bebiT gag­rZe­le­ba Ses­Ta­va­zes. bo­los Se­Tan­xmdnen,
da­e­doT, sul co­ta, or­moc­da­aT­wli­a­ni za­vi, Tum­ca mxa­re­e­bi
uf­le­bas ito­veb­dnen, sa­davo mi­wis be­di ia­ra­RiT ga­da­ewy­vi­
taT. el­Ce­bi Sin gab­run­dnen, ra­Ta Se­Tan­xme­bis pro­eq­ti sa­xal­
xo kre­bis­Tvis wa­red­gi­naT da, mi­si dam­tki­ce­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si,
dab­ru­ne­bu­liy­vnen la­ke­de­mon­Si hi­a­kin­Ti­eb­ze.
sa­nam ar­go­se­leb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi mi­di­o­da, la­ke­de­monel­
ma el­Ceb­ma, rom­leb­sac pa­naq­to­si da aTe­nel­Ta tyve­eb
­ i aTe­
nel­TaT­vis un­da ga­da­e­caT, aR­mo­a­Ci­nes, rom pa­naq­to­si uk­ve
dan­gre­ul
­ i iyo. Te­be­le­bi Tavs imiT imar­Tleb­dnen, rom Zve­li
Se­Tan­xme­bis Ta­nax­mad, am mi­wa­ze ara­vin ar un­da da­sax­le­bu­li­yo.
el­Ceb­ma aTe­ne­li tyve­eb
­ i aTe­ne­lebs ga­das­ces da maT pa­naq­
to­sis dan­gre­vis Se­sa­xeb auwyes. ma­Ti az­riT, es ad­gi­lic dab­
ru­ne­bu­lad iT­vle­bo­da, rad­gan iq mte­ri aRar im­yo­fe­bo­da. am
sity­veb­ma aTe­nel­Ta uk­ma­yo­fi­le­ba ga­mo­iw­vi­a. isi­ni mi­iC­nev­dnen,
rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ve­ra­gu­lad mo­iq­cnen, ro­de­sac ci­xis dan­
gre­va da­uS­ves. gar­da ami­sa, aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­ity­ves be­o­ti­e­leb­Tan
se­pa­ra­ti­ul
­ i xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Se­sa­xeb. maT xel­Sek­ru­le­bis sxva
dar­Rve­ve­bic ga­ix­se­nes da el­Ce­bi ukan ga­is­tum­res.
mSvi­do­bis mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­eb­ma aTen­Si xel­Sek­rulebis dar­
Rve­va­ze da­iwy­es la­pa­ra­ki. maT So­ris mTa­va­ri al­ki­biadesi iyo,
axal­gaz­rda ka­ci, ro­me­lic Ta­vi­si war­mo­mav­lo­bis ga­mo uk­ve
di­di pa­ti­vis­ce­miT sar­geb­lob­da. is si­a­ma­yi­sa da Se­u­racx­yo­
fi­li pa­tiv­moy­va­re­o­bis ga­mo mSvi­do­bis mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge iyo da
ar­gos­Tan kav­Si­ri er­Cia – la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi xom mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bas
ni­ki­as­Tan da la­qe­tes­Tan awar­mo­eb­dnen, igi ki ugu­le­bel­yves.
alkibiadesi Ta­vi­dan mSvi­do­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­mo­di­o­da da
am­bob­da, rom la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ndo­ba ar Se­iZ­le­ba: isi­ni jer
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aTe­nel­Ta dax­ma­re­biT api­re­ben ar­go­sel­Ta Se­mus­vras, Sem­
deg ki TviT aTe­ne­leb­ze Tav­das­xmas. ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­sa da
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs So­ris ka­ma­Ti da­iwy­o, man pi­ra­dad gag­zav­na
Sik­ri­ki ar­gos­Si da ur­Cia maT man­ti­ne­a­sa da eli­sis el­Ceb­Tan
er­Tad aTen­Si Ca­mos­vla da kav­Si­ris Txov­na.
ro­de­sac ar­go­se­leb­ma Se­ity­ves, rom be­o­ti­e­le­bi­sa da la­ke­
de­mo­ne­le­bis kav­Si­ri aTe­nel­Ta Tan­xmo­bis ga­re­Se da­­ido, maT,
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan mola­pa­ra­ke­be­bi
hqon­daT, aTens mi­mar­Tes. isi­ni mi­iC­nev­dnen, rom aTe­ni ma­Ti
Zve­li me­go­ba­ri­a, ma­Ti msgav­si de­mok­ra­ti­u­li wyo­biT da, Tu
saq­me omam­de mi­vi­do­da, maT zRva­ze da­ex­ma­re­bo­da. ar­go­se­
le­bis el­Cebs ele­e­le­bi da ma­ti­ne­e­le­bic Se­u­er­Tdnen. ima­ve
dros aTen­Si Ca­mo­vid­nen la­ke­de­mo­ne­li el­Ce­bic, rom­leb­sac
aTe­nis ar­gos­Tan kav­Si­ri un­da ae­ci­le­bi­naT Ta­vi­dan, pi­lo­sis
pa­naq­tos­ze gac­vla mo­eTx­o­vaT da aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis aex­snaT,
rom be­o­ti­e­leb­Tan kav­Si­ri maT wi­na­aR­mdeg ar iyo mi­mar­Tu­li.
xu­Ta­sis sab­Wo­ze el­Ceb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, rom uf­le­ba­mo­sil­ni
iy­vnen ga­da­ewy­vi­taT sa­da­vo sa­kiTx­e­bi. alkibiadesi SeS­foT­da,
am gan­cxa­de­biT el­Ceb­ma sa­xal­xo kre­ba ar mi­im­xro­n da ar­gos­Tan
kav­Si­ri ar Ca­Sa­lo­no da eS­ma­ko­bas mi­mar­Ta: is el­Cebs da­pir­da,
rom da­ex­ma­re­bo­da pi­lo­sis dab­ru­ne­ba­sa da sxva amo­ca­ne­bis
ga­daW­ra­Si, Tu isi­ni saxal­xo kre­ba­ze Ta­vis uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­bas
ar ax­se­neb­dnen. alkibiadess un­do­da, el­Ce­bi ni­ki­a­sis­gan Ca­mo­
e­So­re­bi­na da el­Ce­bis dis­kre­di­ta­ci­is gziT sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze
kav­Si­ri da­e­do ar­gos­Tan, elis­Tan da man­ti­ne­as­Tan. asec mox­da.
ro­de­sac el­Ceb­ma uar­yves sa­ku­Ta­ri uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­ba, aTe­ne­
le­bi gab­raz­dnen. isini el­Cebs yu­radR­e­bas aRar aqcevdnen da
mxo­lod la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebis mlanZRav alkibiadess us­men­dnen.
xal­xi mzad iyo mo­ew­via ar­go­se­le­bi da kav­Si­ri da­e­do. mag­ram
uSu­a­lod ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bis win mi­wis­Zvra mox­da da
kre­ba ga­da­i­do.
ni­ki­a­sic da­ab­nia el­Ce­bis mi­er ma­Ti uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­bis uar­
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yo­fam, mag­ram me­o­re dRes is ga­mo­vi­da sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze, da­ic­va
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ris au­ci­leb­lo­ba da maT ar­go­se­
leb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis ga­da­de­bis­ken mo­u­wo­da. man Ses­Ta­va­za,
kvlav ga­eg­zav­naT el­Ce­bi la­ke­de­mon­Si vi­Ta­re­bis ga­sar­kve­vad.
amas­Tan, ni­ki­a­si mi­iC­nev­da, rom omis ga­da­de­ba aTe­nel­TaT­vis
uf­ro xel­say­re­li iyo, vid­re mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis­Tvis. aTe­ne­lebs,
rac Se­iZ­le­ba did­xans un­da Se­e­nar­Cu­ne­bi­naT Ta­vi­si mdgo­ma­
re­o­ba, da­mar­cxe­bul la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ki omi sur­daT. ni­ki­as­
ma da­ar­wmu­na aTe­ne­le­bi, ga­eg­zav­naT el­Ce­bi, maT So­ris TviT
ni­ki­a­sic, im moTx­ov­niT, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs aRed­gi­naT da
da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT pa­naq­to­si, am­fi­po­li­si da ua­ri eT­qvaT be­o­ti­
e­leb­Tan kav­Sir­ze, Tu isi­ni ar Se­u­er­Tde­bod­nen sam­Svi­do­bo
xel­Sek­ru­le­bas.
la­ke­de­mon­Si Ca­sul­ma el­Ceb­ma ga­das­ces aTe­nel­Ta da­na­ba­re­
bi da ga­nacx­a­des, rom, Tu la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi am pi­ro­bebs ar Se­as­
ru­le­ben, aTe­ne­le­bi ar­go­se­leb­Tan da­deb­dnen xel­Sek­ru­le­bas.
qse­na­re­sis da mis Ta­na­mo­az­re­Ta wa­qe­ze­biT, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
ua­ri Tqves da­er­Rvi­aT be­o­ti­as­Tan kav­Si­ri, mag­ram ni­ki­a­sis
Txov­niT, da­Tan­xmdnen da­e­das­tu­re­bi­naT Ta­vi­si er­Tgu­le­ba
xel­Sek­ru­le­bi­sad­mi.
ni­ki­a­sis uSe­de­go el­Co­bis Sem­deg, nawy­en­ma aTe­ne­leb­ma
as­wli­a­ni za­vi da sam­xed­ro kav­Si­ri da­des ar­gos­Tan, man­ti­ne­a­sa
da elis­Tan. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa, xel­Sek­ru­le­ba la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­sa
da aTe­ne­lebs So­ris arc erT mxa­res ar da­ur­Rve­vi­a. ko­rin­
Te­le­bi, mi­u­xe­da­vad ar­go­se­leb­Tan kav­Si­ri­sa, ar Se­er­Te­bi­an
am xel­Sek­ru­le­bas da, faq­tob­ri­vad, isev la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
mxa­re­ze ga­da­vid­nen.
im zaf­xuls Ca­tar­da olim­pi­u­ri Ta­ma­Se­bi, ro­mel­ze­dac
ar­ka­di­el­ma an­dros­Te­nes­ma pir­ve­li ga­mar­jve­ba mo­i­po­va Wi­da­o­
ba­sa da kriv­Si. ele­e­leb­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ar da­uS­ves ta­Zar­Si,
rad­gan maT ar ga­da­i­xa­des olim­pi­u­ri da­za­ve­bis dar­Rve­vi­saT­
vis da­we­se­bu­li ja­ri­ma.
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olim­pi­u­ri ze­i­mis me­re ar­go­se­le­bi ko­rin­TosSi Ca­vid­nen.
iq­ve iy­vnen la­ke­de­mo­ne­li el­Ce­bic. xan­grZli­vi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­
be­bi uSe­de­god das­rul­da.
Sem­deg zam­Tars Te­sa­li­el
­ eb­ma da­a­mar­cxes tra­qi­ni­is he­rak­
le­e­le­bi, he­rak­le­as la­ke­de­mo­ne­li mmar­Tve­li brZola­Si da­e­
ca. ase das­rul­da zam­Ta­ri da omis me­Tor­me­te we­li.
mom­dev­no zaf­xu­lis da­sawy­is­Si be­o­ti­e­leb­ma he­rak­le­a
da­i­ka­ves. maT eSi­no­daT, qa­la­qi aTe­ne­lebs ar Ca­var­dno­daT
xel­Si, sa­nam la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi pe­lo­po­ne­sis prob­le­mebiT iy­vnen
da­ka­ve­bu­li. be­ot
­ i­el­Ta am saq­ci­el­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Za­li­an
ga­a­Ri­zi­a­na.
ima­ve zaf­xuls alkibiadesi hop­li­te­bi­sa da mSvil­do­san­Ta
raz­miT pe­lo­po­nes­Si Ca­vi­da. ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ is dax­ma­
re­biT, igi Se­ud­ga kav­Si­ris saq­me­e­bis mog­va­re­bas. man da­iT
­ an­xma
pet­ras mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi, ae­Se­ne­bi­naT grZe­li ked­le­bi zRvam­de. mas
un­do­da ae­go ci­xe ri­as kon­cxze aqa­i­aS
­ i. mag­ram ko­rin­Te­leb­ma,
si­ki­o­ne­leb­ma da sxveb­ma, vi­sac es si­mag­re safrTxes Suqmnida,
amis sa­Su­a­le­ba ar mis­ces.
ima­ve zaf­xuls da­iwyo omi ar­gos­sa da epi­dav­ross So­­ris.
amis sa­ba­bad iq­ca epi­dav­rel­Ta ua­ri dad­ge­ni­li Se­sa­wi­ri ga­eg­
zav­naT apo­lo­nis ta­Zar­Si. amis ga­re­Sec alkibiadesi da ar­go­
se­le­bi api­reb­dnen epi­dav­ro­sis mimxro­bas ma­Ti kav­Si­ri­sad­mi,
ra­Ta ko­rin­Tosis ne­it­ra­li­te­ti uz­run­ve­le­yoT da aTe­nel­
TaT­vis ar­gos­Si mi­sas­vle­li umok­le­si gza ga­ex­snaT.
da­ax­lo­e­biT am dros la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma me­fe agi­sis sar­
dlo­biT ga­i­laS­qres lev­qtra­ze. ara­vin ico­da, zus­tad sa­iT
mi­di­od­nen. mag­ram sazR­var­ze msxver­plSe­wir­va ara­xel­say­re­li
ga­mod­ga da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Sin dab­run­dnen. mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ki
ub­rZa­nes, mzad yo­fi­liy­vnen do­ri­el­Ta wmin­da Tvis – kar­
ne­i­o­sis da­sas­ru­lis­Tvis. la­ke­de­mo­nelTa was­vlis Sem­deg
ar­go­se­le­bi Se­iW­rnen epi­dav­ro­sis mi­wa­ze da qvey­nis rbe­va
da­iwy­es. epi­dav­ros­ma mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ux­mo, mag­ram wmin­da Tvis
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ga­mo zog­ma dax­ma­re­ba­ze ua­ri Tqva, zo­gic sazR­vram­de mi­vi­da
da iq ga­Cer­da.
am dros man­ti­ne­a­Si aTe­nel­Ta miw­ve­viT sxva­das­xva qvey­nis
el­Ce­bi Se­ik­rib­nen. mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis dros ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ga­nacx­
a­des, rom sa­nam isi­ni mSvi­do­ba­ze TaT­bi­ro­ben, epi­­dav­ro­si da
ar­go­si er­Tma­neTs eb­rZvi­an. pir­vel rig­Si, un­da ga­eg­zav­naT
war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi ad­gil­ze da mi­eR­wi­aT omis Sewy­ve­tis­Tvis,
xo­lo Sem­deg ga­eg­rZe­le­bi­naT mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba. kre­ba da­eT
­ an­xma
maT, gag­zav­nes war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi epi­dav­ros­Si da ar­go­se­le­bi
da­ar­wmu­nes, ukan da­e­xi­aT. Sem­deg el­Ce­bi isev man­ti­ne­a­Si Se­ik­
rib­nen, mag­ram ver SeZ­les mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba da ar­go­se­leb­ma kvlav
Se­u­ti­es epi­dav­ross. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ki ka­ri­as­ze ga­i­laS­qres.
mag­ram msxver­plSe­wir­va sazR­var­ze isev ara­xel­say­re­li ga­mod­
ga da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ukan dab­run­dnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma ar­goss
alkibiadesi da aTa­si hop­li­ti mi­aS­ve­les, mag­ram ro­de­sac
ga­i­ges, rom la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta laS­qro­ba das­ru­le­bu­li iyo,
Tvi­To­nac ukan dab­run­dnen.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma, aTe­ne­le­bis­gan fa­ru­
lad, sa­ma­si meb­rZo­li gag­zav­nes epi­dav­ros­Si. ar­go­se­leb­ma es
aTen­Si ga­a­sa­Civ­res da mosTx­o­ves pi­los­Si me­se­ni­e­le­bi­sa da
he­lo­te­bis gag­zav­na. alkibiadesis wi­na­da­de­biT, aTe­ne­leb­ma
la­ko­nur ste­las ak­ro­po­lis­ze mi­a­we­res, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­
ma fi­ci da­ar­Rvi­es, amis Sem­deg pi­losSi ga­­­­­ag­zav­nes he­lo­te­bi,
ra­Ta maT la­ko­nia eZar­cvaT. sxva mtru­li moq­me­de­be­bi ki ar
ga­nu­xor­ci­e­le­bi­aT.
ar­go­si­sa da epi­dav­ro­sis omi zam­Tar­Sic grZel­de­bo­da,
mag­ram nam­dvil brZo­lam­de saq­me ar mi­su­la. ga­zaf­xu­lis dam­
degs ar­go­se­leb­ma ie­ri­Si mi­i­ta­nes epi­dav­ros­ze, mag­ram ver
mo­a­xer­xes qa­la­qis aRe­ba. ase das­rul­da omis me­ca­me­te we­li.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi xe­dav­dnen, rom epi­dav­ro­se­li mo­kav­Si­re­
e­bi mZi­me mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si iy­vnen, xo­lo sxva pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi an
ga­nud­gnen maT, an mer­ye­ob­dnen. ma­Sin maT ga­dawy­vi­tes, mi­e­RoT
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ga­dam­Wre­li zo­me­bi da zaf­xul­Si me­fe agi­sis sar­dlo­biT di­di
laS­qriT da­iZ­rnen ar­go­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg. laS­qro­ba­Si mo­na­wi­le­
o­ba mi­i­Res te­ge­el
­ eb­mac da ar­ka­di­e­leb­mac. da­nar­Ce­ni mo­kav­Si­
re­eb
­ i fle­iu
­ n­tSi Se­ik­rib­nen: be­ot
­ i­i­dan Ca­mo­vi­da xu­Ti aTa­si
hop­li­ti da am­de­ni­ve msu­bu­qad Se­ia­ ­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Ti, xu­Ta­si
mxe­da­ri Ti­To qve­i­Tis Tan­xle­biT, ko­rin­Tosi­dan – ori aTa­si
hop­li­ti, sxva qvey­ne­bi­dan – vinc ram­de­ni Ses­Zlo.
ar­go­se­leb­ma Se­ity­ves la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta sam­za­di­sis Se­sa­xeb
da laS­qa­ri Sek­ri­bes. maT Se­u­er­Tdnen man­ti­ne­e­le­bi mo­kav­Si­
re­eb­Tan er­Tad da sa­mi aTa­si hop­li­ti eli­si­dan. ar­go­se­le­bi
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ar­ka­di­a­Si Sex­vdnen, sa­dac ori­ve ja­ri bor­
cveb­ze gan­lag­da. ar­go­se­lebs un­do­daT la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebTan
Seb­rZo­le­ba, sa­nam isi­ni mo­kav­Si­re­ebs Se­u­er­Tde­bod­nen, mag­ram
agis­ma Ra­miT a­ya­ra laS­qa­ri da fle­iu
­ n­tis­ken wa­vi­da. gam­Te­ni­
i­sas ar­go­se­leb­ma na­xes, rom mte­ri wa­vi­da da jer ar­go­sis­ken
da­iZ­rnen, Sem­deg ki ne­me­is gza­ze ga­da­i­nac­vles, sa­dac, ma­Ti
az­riT, mters un­da ga­ev­lo. mag­ram agis­ma uf­ro rTu­li gza
air­Ci­a. korin­Te­le­bi, pe­le­ne­le­bi da fle­i­un­te­le­bi ase­ve
sxva, uf­ro ci­ca­bo gziT mi­di­od­nen. be­o­ti­el
­ ebs, me­ga­re­leb­
sa da si­ki­o­ne­lebs ki ub­rZa­nes, dab­lob­Si ne­me­is gziT daS­ve­
bu­liy­vnen, ra­Ta, Tu ar­go­se­le­bi agi­sis raz­mze Tav­das­xmas
ga­dawy­vet­dnen, maT­ze mxed­rebs mi­e­ta­naT ie­ri­Si. mas me­re,
rac laS­qa­ri am­gva­rad ga­na­la­ga, agi­si dab­lo­bis­aken da­iZ­ra
da qvey­nis rbe­va da­iwy­o.
amis Se­sa­xeb rom ga­ig
­ es, ar­go­se­le­bi dRi­siT ga­mo­vid­nen
ne­me­a­dan da Se­eb­rZol­nen fle­i­un­te­leb­sa da ko­rin­Te­lebs.
be­o­ti­e­le­bi, me­ga­re­le­bi da si­ki­o­ne­le­bi ne­me­is gzas da­ad­gnen,
mag­ram ar­go­se­le­bi iq uk­ve ve­Rar na­xes, rad­gan isi­ni dab­lob­Si
daS­ve­bu­liy­vnen da sab­rZo­lvelad ewy­o­bod­nen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­
le­bic, Ta­vis mxriv, sab­rZo­lod ga­em­zad­nen. ar­go­se­le­bi ax­la
mtre­biT iy­vnen gar­Se­mor­tymu­li. dab­lo­bis mxri­dan maT qa­la­
qi­dan la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Wrid­nen. bor­cvis mxri­dan ko­rin­Te­le­bi,
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fle­i­un­te­le­bi da pe­le­ne­le­bi uRo­bav­dnen gzas, ne­me­is mxri­
dan ki – be­o­ti­el
­ e­bi, si­ki­on
­ e­le­bi da me­ga­re­le­bi. ar­go­se­lebs
mxed­re­bi ar hyav­daT, xo­lo er­Ta­der­Ti mo­kav­Si­re, vi­sac cxe­
no­sa­ni ja­ri hyav­da, aTe­ne­le­bi, jer ar iy­vnen mo­su­li. Tumca
ar­go­se­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi mdgo­ma­re­o­bas sa­xi­fa­Tod
ar mi­iC­nev­dnen. pi­ri­qiT, fiq­rob­dnen, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
sa­ku­Tar qve­ya­na­Si ma­xe­Si gaa­bam­dnen. ori ar­go­se­li, Tra­si­
lo­si da al­kif­ro­ni mi­vid­nen agis­Tan da sTxo­ves ar da­ewyo
brZo­la. ma­Ti TqmiT, ar­go­se­le­bi mzad iy­vnen mSvi­do­bi­a­nad
ga­da­ewy­vi­taT sa­davo sa­kiTx­e­bi. ori­ve ar­go­se­li TviTneburad
moq­me­deb­da – maT es ar evalebodaT. agis­mac ma­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba
TviT­ne­bu­rad, sxva sar­dleb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis ga­re­Se mi­iR
­ o.
man Ta­vi­si ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba mxo­lod erT Ta­nam­de­bo­bis pirs
ga­ac­no da da­do oTx­Tvi­a­ni za­vi, ris Sem­de­gac laS­qriT ukan
dab­run­da. la­ke­de­mo­nele­bi da mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi e
­ ­mor­Cilebo­dnen
brZa­ne­bas, mag­ram er­Tma­neTSi me­fes kicxav­dnen. ma­Ti az­riT,
maT mSve­ni­er
­ i Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba da­kar­ges. mte­ri gar­Se­mor­tymu­
li iyo, maT ki ukan da­i­xi­es da ase­Ti di­di laS­qris Se­sa­ba­mi­si
ve­ra­fe­ri mo­i­moq­me­des. mar­Tlac, ase­Ti laS­qa­ri ela­da­Si aqam­de
ara­so­des Sek­re­bi­la. maT Se­eZ­loT ara mar­to ar­go­se­leb­Tan,
ara­med ne­bis­mi­er sxva mter­Tan brZo­lac. es laS­qa­ri ki ukan
gab­run­da da me­om­reb­ma agi­sis wyev­liT sax­le­bis­ken gas­wi­es.
ar­go­se­le­bic, Ta­vis mxriv, uk­ma­yo­fi­lo­ni iy­vnen da ada­na­Sa­
u­leb­dnen Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­ebs, rom­le­bic xal­xis daukiTx­a­vad
da­u­zav­dnen mters. isi­nic fiq­rob­dnen, rom kar­gi Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba
da­kar­ges. Tra­si­loss Ca­qol­va elo­da, sa­kur­Txev­lis­Tvis rom
ar Se­e­fa­re­bi­na Ta­vi.
ma­le mo­vi­da maS­ve­li Za­la aTe­ni­dan, aTa­si hop­li­tiTa da
sa­ma­si mxe­d­riT, la­qe­si­sa da ni­kos­tra­to­sis sar­dlo­biT. Tum­ca
ar­go­se­le­bi da­za­ve­biT uk­ma­yo­fi­lo­ni iy­vnen, ma­inc ar un­do­
daT la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan Se­Tan­xme­bis dar­Rve­va da aTe­ne­lebs
sTxo­ves, ukan gab­ru­ne­bu­liy­vnen. mag­ram man­ti­le­el­Ta da ele­
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el­Ta Txov­niT, ma­inc da­uS­ves isi­ni sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze. aTe­nel­Ta
el­Ceb­ma, ro­mel­Ta So­ris alkibiadesic iyo, kre­bas ga­nucx­
a­des, rom ar­go­se­lebs ar hqon­daT mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis Tan­xmo­bis
ga­re­Se da­za­ve­bis uf­le­ba. mo­kav­Si­re­e­bic da­eT
­ an­xmnen da maT
er­Tob­li­vad ga­i­laS­qres ar­ka­di­is or­qo­me­no­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg.
ar­go­se­le­bi maT co­ta mog­vi­an­ e­biT Se­u­er­Tdnen. mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma
al­ya Se­mo­ar­tyes qa­laqs da cdi­lob­dnen mis ie­ri­SiT aRe­bas.
or­qo­me­no­se­le­bi Si­Sob­dnen, rom ver gaZ­leb­dnen maS­ve­li Za­lis
mos­vlam­de, ami­tom da­neb­dnen da ar­gos­Tan kav­Sir­ze da­Tan­
xmdnen. maT ga­das­ces man­ti­ne­el
­ ebs mZev­le­bi da ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­les
isi­ni, vinc la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma maT­Tan da­to­ves.
or­qo­me­no­sis aRe­bis Sem­deg ele­e­le­bi lep­re­os­ze laSqrobas
iTx­ov­dnen, man­ti­ne­e­le­bi ki – te­ge­a­ze. argo­­se­leb­ma da aTe­
ne­leb­ma man­ti­ne­e­lebs da­uW
­ i­res mxa­ri. nawy­e­ni ele­e­le­bi Sin
dab­run­dnen, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki man­ti­ne­a­Si te­ge­a­ze Tav­das­xmis­
Tvis moem­za­d­nen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ise­dac say­ve­du­rob­dnen
agiss, rom man ar­go­si ar ai­Ro, or­qo­me­no­sis da­ce­mis Sem­deg ki
mi­si das­ja mo­in­do­mes, sax­lis dan­gre­vas da asi aTa­si draq­ma
ja­ri­mis da­we­se­bas upi­reb­dnen. me­fem sTxo­va, es ar eq­naT da
aRuT­qva, rom Sem­deg laS­qro­ba­Si da­na­Sa­uls ga­mo­is­yi­d­da.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ar da­sa­jes me­fe, mag­ram ar­na­xu­li ga­dawy­
ve­ti­le­ba mi­i­Res: aTi mrCe­ve­li da­u­niS­nes, vis ga­re­Sec mas
qvey­ni­dan laS­qriT gas­vla ek­rZa­le­bo­da.
ama­so­ba­Si te­ge­a­dan sa­gan­ga­So cno­ba mo­vi­da: Tu is sas­
wra­­fod ar mi­i­Reb­da dax­ma­re­bas, ar­go­sis mxa­re­ze ga­das­vla
mo­u­wev­da. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma sas­wra­fod Sek­ri­bes ja­ri da
gzas ga­ud­gnen. ar­ka­di­el mo­kav­Si­re­eb­sac ub­rZa­nes te­ge­as­ken
wa­su­liy­vnen. laS­qris er­Ti me­eq­vse­di, yve­la­ze uf­ro­se­bi da
yve­la­ze um­cro­se­bi, qvey­nis da­sa­ca­vad da­to­ves. da­nar­Ce­ne­bi
ki te­ge­a­Si wa­vid­nen. ma­le mo­vid­nen ar­ka­di­el
­ i mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ ic,
Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ko­rin­Te­lebs, be­o­ti­e­lebs, fo­ki­e­
leb­sa da lok­rebs ub­rZa­nes, wa­su­liy­vnen man­ti­ne­is ol­qSi.
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la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ga­da­vid­nen man­ti­ne­a­Si da he­rak­les sam­loc­
ve­los­Tan da­ba­nak­dnen.
ar­go­se­leb­ma, mte­ri rom Se­niS­nes, ci­ca­bo fer­dob­ze
dabanakdnen da sab­rZol­ve­lad ga­em­zad­nen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
mi­ua­ x­lov­dnen maT qvis an Su­bis sro­lis man­Zil­ze da uk­ve mzad
iy­vnen Tav­das­xmis­Tvis, ro­de­sac er­Tma mo­xuc­ma meb­rZol­ma
agiss Ses­Za­xa, rom is bo­ro­te­bis bo­ro­te­biT mkur­na­lo­bas api­
rebs. igi imas gu­lis­xmob­da, rom me­fes ud­roo Se­te­viT un­do­da
ar­go­si­dan ukan da­xe­va ga­mo­es­yi­da. agis­ma, Ta­vi­si ne­biT Tu
am Se­Za­xi­lis ga­mo, Sec­va­la geg­ma da sas­wra­fod ukan da­i­xi­a.
is dab­run­da te­ge­is ol­qSi da brZa­na iqi­dan mdi­na­ris wya­li
ga­da­ey­va­naT man­ti­ne­a­Si. man­ti­ne­el
­ e­bi da te­ge­e­le­bi mud­mi­vad
omo­ben am mdi­na­ris ga­mo, rad­gan mas zi­a­ni mo­aqvs imis­Tvis, vis
mi­wa­zec ga­e­di­ne­ba. agiss ime­di hqon­da, rom ar­go­se­le­bi ga­i­
geb­dnen amis Se­sa­xeb da mTi­dan da­eS­ve­bod­nen. ma­Sin brZo­la
dab­lob­Si Sed­ge­bo­da. ar­go­se­le­bi kvlav ga­a­o­ca mtris ukan
da­xe­vam, aRar icod­nen, ra efiq­raT, da erT ad­gi­las id­gnen.
Sem­deg isev usay­ve­du­res sar­dlebs, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs was­
vlis sa­Su­a­le­ba mis­ces. sar­dleb­ma da­iwy­es mTi­dan laS­qris
Ca­moy­va­na da dab­lob­Si da­ba­na­ke­ba.
me­o­re dRes ar­go­se­le­bi da mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi sabrZolvelad
da­ewy­vnen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mdi­na­ri­dan sa­ku­Tar banaks rom
da­ub­run­dnen, mtris laS­qa­ri da­in
­ a­xes da SeS­foT­dnen. mcire
Se­yov­ne­bis Sem­deg isi­nic ga­em­zad­nen sab­rZol­ve­lad. Cve­u­le­bi­
sa­mebr, me­fe gas­cem­da brZa­ne­bebs. me­fe ub­rZa­neb­da sar­dlebs,
isi­ni – Ta­vis asis­Ta­vebs, es uka­nas­kne­le­bi ki – oce­ul­Ta me­Ta­
u­rebs. am­gva­rad, me­fis brZa­ne­be­bi gar­kve­ul
­ i we­siT da swra­fad
aR­wev­da da­niS­nu­le­bi­s adgilas.
mar­cxe­na frTa­ze ski­ri­te­bi id­gnen, Sem­deg bra­si­da­sis
Ta­na­meb­rZo­le­bi, Sem­deg da­nar­Ce­ni la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, bo­los
ki mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi. mxed­re­bi ori­ve frTa­ze hyav­daT. mo­wi­na­aR­
mde­ges mar­jve­na frTa­ze man­ti­ne­e­le­bi ed­gaT, rad­gan brZo­
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la maT mi­wa­ze xde­bo­da, Sem­deg ar­ka­di­e­le­bi, aTa­si rCe­u­li
ar­go­se­li, rom­le­bic bav­Svo­bi­dan sa­xel­mwi­fos xar­jze euf­
le­bod­nen sam­xed­ro saq­mes, Sem­deg da­nar­Ce­ni ar­go­se­le­bi da
ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, bo­los mar­cxe­na frTa­ze aTe­ne­le­bi id­gnen
Ta­vis mxed­reb­Tan er­Tad.
ase gan­lag­dnen mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi. ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­teso­ba,
al­baT, la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mxa­re­ze iyo, Tum­ca me­o­mar­Ta zus­ti
ricx­vis dad­ge­na ar Se­miZ­li­a arc cal­ke­ul raz­meb­Si da arc –
mTli­a­nad. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan yve­la­fe­ri ga­sa­i­du­mo­le­bu­li­a,
sxva xal­xe­bis ja­ris ra­o­de­no­ba ki Se­iZ­le­ba tra­ba­xis ga­mo ga­da­
War­be­bu­li iyos. mag­ram ma­inc Se­iZ­le­ba gar­kve­u­li war­mod­ge­na
Se­viq­mnaT la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ja­ris ra­o­de­no­ba­ze. am brZo­la­Si
eq­vsa­si ski­ri­tis gar­da maT hyav­daT Svi­di raz­mi. Ti­To­Si oTxi
ase­u­li, xo­lo ase­ul­Si – oTxi oce­u­li. Ti­To­e­ul oce­ul­Si,
pir­vel rig­Si oTxi ka­ci id­ga. mwyob­ris siR­rme ki sar­dleb­ze
iyo da­mo­ki­de­bu­li, sa­Su­a­lod is rva kacs Se­ad­gen­da. fron­tis
mTel xaz­ze oTx­as or­moc­dar­va ka­ci id­ga, ski­ri­te­bis gar­da.
brZo­lis win sar­dleb­ma mi­mar­Tes Ta­vis raz­mebs da ga­am­xne­
ves isi­ni. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ki Ta­vi­si laS­qris sxva me­b­rZo­lebs
sim­Re­riT axa­li­seb­dnen. maT es­mo­daT, rom ga­­moc­di­le­ba me­tad
da­ex­ma­re­bo­da maT brZo­la­Si, vid­re sar­­dle­bis la­ma­zi sity­ve­bi.
brZo­la da­iwy­o. ar­go­se­leb­ma da maT­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma Se­u­
ti­es mters. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi, pi­ri­qiT, ne­la moZ­ra­obdnen
fle­i­te­bis xma­ze. mu­si­ka maT ex­ma­re­bo­da, rom na­bi­jis sim­
wyob­re Se­e­nar­Cu­ne­bi­naT, rac mniS­vne­lo­va­nia di­di laS­qris
ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis dros.
ma­nam, sa­nam xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la ga­i­mar­Te­bo­da, me­fe
agiss aseTi ram mo­a­fiq­rda: Cve­u­leb­riv, laS­qris Ti­To­e­u­
li da­na­yo­fi Tav­das­xmi­sas ig­rZe­lebs mar­jve­na frTas da
cdi­lobs mar­jve­na frTiT ga­re­mo­ic­vas mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis mar­
cxe­na frTa. yo­ve­li meb­rZo­li cdi­lobs mar­jvniv mdgo­mi
me­zob­lis fa­riT da­fa­ros Ta­vi­si da­uc­ve­li na­wi­li. is uf­ro
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usaf­rTxod grZnobs Tavs, rac uf­ro mWid­rod dgas ri­gi. amas
iwy­ebs mar­jve­na frTa­ze pir­vel rig­Si mdgo­mi meb­rZo­li. is
inac­vlebs mar­jvniv, raTa aa­ri­dos da­u­ca­vi na­wi­li me­to­qes.
igi­ve xi­fa­Ti da­nar­Ce­neb­sac ubiZ­gebs, mas mi­ba­Zon. am­je­ra­dac
man­ti­ne­e­leb­ma Se­mo­u­a­res flan­gi­dan ski­ri­te­bis xazs, xo­lo
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da te­ge­el
­ eb­ma Ta­vis mar­jve­na frTa­ze ki­dev
uf­ro Sors wa­i­wi­es aTe­nel­Ta xa­zs miR­ma. agiss mi­si mar­cxe­na
frTis ga­re­moc­vis dacva ub­rZa­na, ga­e­Wi­maT fron­ti mar­cxe­na
mxa­res da gas­wo­re­bod­nen man­ti­ne­e­lebs. gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bul
ad­gi­las man ori raz­mi ga­da­is­ro­la. ag­ri­si fiq­rob­da, rom
amiT mi­si mar­jve­na frTa ma­inc ar da­sus­tde­bo­da, xo­lo mar­
cxe­na gaZ­li­er­de­bo­da.
agis­ma es brZa­ne­ba bo­lo mo­men­tSi gas­ca, ro­de­sac Se­te­va
uk­ve dawy­e­bu­li iyo. aris­tok­les­ma da hi­po­no­i­das­ma ua­ri Tqves
am ma­nev­ris Ses­ru­le­ba­ze. mo­ma­val­Si maT es ua­ri sim­xda­led
Ca­uT­va­les da spar­ti­dan gan­dev­nes.
ama­so­ba­Si mtris Se­te­va uf­ro ad­re da­iwy­o, vid­re me­fe elo­
da. ski­ri­teb­ma ori raz­mis dak­le­bis ga­mo ver mo­as­wres ad­gil­
ze dab­ru­ne­ba da si­ca­ri­e­lis Sevseba. xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­liT
man­ti­ne­el
­ eb­ma uku­aq­ci­es la­ke­de­mo­ne­li ski­ri­te­bi da bra­si­
da­sis meb­rZo­le­bi, Sem­deg man­ti­ne­e­le­bi da rCe­u­li ar­go­se­li
me­om­re­bi Se­iW­rnen mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis ri­geb­Si. maT mo­im­wyvdi­es
mte­ri, da­xo­ces gaq­ce­u­le­bi da sdi­es daR­lam­de. am flan­gze
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mar­cxde­bod­nen, mag­ram sxva­gan, gan­sa­kuT­re­
biT cen­trSi, sa­dac agi­si iyo Ta­vi­si sa­ma­si mxleb­liT, la­ke­
de­mo­ne­leb­ma war­ma­te­bas mi­aR­wi­es.
fron­tis am mo­nak­veT­ze ar­go­se­lebs da maT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs
ukan da­xe­va mo­u­wi­aT. ama­so­ba­Si la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta da te­ge­el­Ta
mar­jve­na frTam da­iwyo aTe­nel­Ta ga­re­moc­va. aTe­ne­lebs ori
mxri­dan da­e­muq­raT saf­rTxe. er­Ti mxri­dan maT gars uv­lid­
nen, me­o­re mxa­re ki ga­nad­gu­re­bu­li iyo. aTe­ne­le­bi did msx­
verpls mxo­lod mxed­reb­ma ga­da­ar­Cines. ama­so­ba­Si agi­si Ta­vis
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mar­cxe­na frTas mi­ex­ma­ra. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki mo­a­xer­xes mSvi­dad
ukan da­xe­va. man­ti­ne­e­le­bi da ar­go­sel­Ta rCe­u­li raz­mi aRar
fiq­rob­dnen Se­te­va­ze. ro­de­sac maT da­i­na­xes, rom da­nar­Ce­ni
raz­me­bi ga­nad­gu­re­bu­li iyo da mte­ri maT utev­da, ukan da­xe­
va da­iwy­es. amas­Tan, man­ti­ne­e­leb­ma di­di da­na­kar­gi ga­ni­ca­des.
ar­go­se­le­bi ki, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, ga­dar­Cnen. dev­na did­xans ar gag­
rZe­le­bu­la. ro­gorc we­si, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi gamarjvebamde
med­grad ib­rZvi­an, mag­ram Sem­deg mters ukan aRar mis­de­ven.
ase­Ti iyo udi­de­si brZo­la elin­Ta um­niS­vne­lo­va­nes qvey­
nebs So­ris. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes,
sa­Wur­ve­li ah­ya­res da­Ru­pul mters, xo­lo Ta­vi­si da­Ru­pu­
le­bi te­ge­a­Si dak­rZa­les. da­za­ve­bis Sem­deg mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs
da­ub­ru­nes da­Ru­pu­le­bi. brZo­la­Si da­i­Ru­pa Svi­da­si ar­go­se­li,
ora­si man­ti­ne­e­li da ora­si aTe­ne­li, maT So­ris ori­ve sar­da­
li. la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ is da­na­kar­gi ki um­niS­vne­lo
iyo. TviT la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta Se­sa­xeb si­mar­Tlis dad­ge­na Zne­li­a.
am­bo­ben, rom maT sa­ma­si ka­ci da­kar­ges.
am dros la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta me­o­re me­fe, ple­is­to­a­naq­si Ta­vi­
si­a­ne­bis da­sax­ma­reb­lad mi­di­o­da. gzad man Se­ityo ga­mar­jve­
bis Se­sa­xeb da ukan gab­run­da. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da­iTx­o­ves
mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i da Tvi­To­nac Ta­vis qve­ya­na­Si dab­run­dnen. er­Ti
ga­mar­jve­biT maT Zve­li di­de­ba aRid­gi­nes.
am brZo­lamde erTi dRiT adre epi­dav­rose­le­bi Se­iWrnen
da­uc­ve­l ar­gos­Si. brZo­lis Sem­deg man­ti­ne­el
­ eb­Tan sa­mi aTa­si
ele­e­li hop­li­ti da aTa­si aTe­ne­li mi­vid­nen. sa­nam la­ke­de­mo­
ne­le­bi ze­i­mob­dnen, mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma epi­dav­ros­ze ga­il
­ aS­qres da
qa­la­qis gar­Se­mo sa­al­yo ked­lis age­ba da­iwy­es. mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma
ma­le Sewy­vi­tes mu­Sa­o­ba da mxo­lod aTe­ne­leb­ma da­as­ru­les
ma­Ti na­wi­lis age­ba kon­cxze, he­ras sam­loc­ve­los max­lob­lad.
age­bul si­mag­re­Si mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma dac­va da­to­ves da Tvi­Ton Sin
gab­run­dnen. ase das­rul­da zaf­xu­li.
zam­Tris da­sawy­is­Si, dResaswaulebis das­ru­le­bis Sem­deg,
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la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi sa­laS­qrod wa­vid­nen. te­ge­a­dan maT ar­go­se­
lebs sam­Svi­do­bo wi­na­da­de­be­bi ga­ug­zav­nes. ar­gos­Si ad­rec
iy­vnen la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mom­xre­e­bi, rom­le­bic de­mok­ra­ti­is
dam­xo­ba­ze oc­ne­bob­dnen. wa­ru­ma­te­be­li brZo­lis Sem­deg maT
uf­ro io­lad da­iy
­ o­li­es xal­xi mSvido­ba­ze. xan­grZli­vi mo­la­
pa­ra­ke­be­bis Sem­deg, rom­leb­sac alkibiadesic es­wre­bo­da,
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mom­xre­eb­ma daar­wmu­nes xal­xi, da­e­doT sam­
Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­ru­le­ba.
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­bis Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta laS­qa­ri
Sin dab­run­da, xo­lo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi gag­rZel­da. ima­ve jguf­ma,
vinc sam­Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­do, man­ti­ne­el
­ eb­Tan, ele­e­
leb­Tan da aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ris dar­Rve­vas da aTe­ne­lebTan
or­moc­da­aT­wli­a­ni sa­mo­kav­Si­reo xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­bas
mi­aR­wi­a. am xel­Sek­ru­le­biT la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma da ar­go­se­leb­ma
mo­ag­va­res Ta­vi­si sa­davo sa­kiTx­e­bi. ax­la isi­ni er­Tob­li­vad
moq­me­deb­dnen. ga­dawy­vi­tes, ar mi­e­RoT aTe­nel­Ta el­Ce­bi da
mac­ne­e­bi, Tu aTe­ne­le­bi ar da­to­veb­dnen pe­lo­po­ness. ori­ve
qve­ya­nam gag­zav­na el­Co­ba Tra­ki­ul qvey­neb­Si da per­di­kas­Tan,
ra­Ta isi­ni maT kav­Sirs Se­er­Te­bod­nen. per­di­kam ga­dawy­vi­ta
aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis ar­go­sel­Ta msgav­sad eRa­la­ta. mo­kav­Si­re­eb­
ma qal­ki­de­leb­Tan Zve­li xel­Sek­ru­le­ba ga­na­axles da da­des
axa­li. ar­go­se­leb­ma el­Ce­bi gag­zav­nes aTen­Si da epi­dav­ros­Tan
ci­xis da­to­ve­ba mo­iTx­o­ves. aTe­ne­leb­ma demosTe­nesi gag­zav­nes
raz­mis ga­mo­say­va­nad. Sem­dgom­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­na­ax­les xel­­Sek­
ru­le­ba epi­dav­ro­se­leb­Tan da ci­xe maT ga­das­ces.
ar­go­sis kav­Si­ri­dan ga­mos­vlis Sem­deg man­ti­nea er­Txans
ki­dev uwev­da wi­na­aR­mde­go­bas la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs, mag­ram bo­los
ma­sac mo­u­wia da­za­ve­bo­da da ua­ri eT­qva da­mor­Ci­le­bul qvey­
neb­ze. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma jer si­ki­on­Si da­am­ya­res oli­gar­qi­
u­li mmar­Tve­lo­ba, Sem­deg ki Ta­vis ar­go­sel mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan
er­Tad bo­lo mo­u­Res de­mok­ra­ti­as ar­gos­Si. ase das­rul­da
omis me­ToTx­me­te we­li.
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mom­dev­no zaf­xuls aTo­nel­ma di­o­se­leb­ma uRa­la­tes aTe­ne­
lebs da qal­ki­del­Ta mxa­re­ze ga­da­vid­nen, xo­lo la­ke­de­mo­ne­
leb­ma aqa­i­a­Si maT­Tvis sa­sur­ve­li sa­xel­mwi­fo wyo­ba da­am­ya­res.
ama­so­ba­Si ar­gos­Si xal­xma Za­la mo­ik­ri­ba da oli­gar­qebs
Tavs da­es­xa. qu­Cis brZo­leb­Si xal­xma ga­i­mar­jva. oli­gar­qi­
is mom­xre­e­bi da­xo­ces an gan­dev­nes. oli­gar­qeb­ma saS­ve­lad
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ux­mes. maT ki dRe­sas­wa­u­lis ga­mo dax­ma­re­ba
da­ug­vi­a­nes. te­ge­a­Si mi­sul­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­ig
­ es oli­gar­
qe­bis mar­cxis Se­sa­xeb da, ltol­vil­Ta Txov­nis mi­u­xe­da­vad,
ukan gab­run­dnen. mog­vi­a­ne­biT ar­go­sel­Ta ori­ve daj­gu­fe­bis
el­Ce­bi la­ke­de­mon­Si Ca­vid­nen. xan­grZli­vi gan­xil­vis Sem­deg
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bu­li par­tia da­a­da­na­Sa­u­les da
ar­go­sis da­laS­qvra ga­dawy­vi­tes, mag­ram laS­qro­bis mom­za­de­
ba ga­Wi­a­nur­da. ama­so­ba­Si, la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta Si­SiT, ar­go­se­le­bi
kvlav aTen­Tan kav­Si­ris­ken ga­da­i­xar­nen. maT da­iwy­es grZe­li
ked­le­bis mSe­neb­lo­ba zRvam­de, ra­Ta xme­le­Ti­dan ma­Ti blo­ka­
dis Sem­Txve­va­Si aTe­ne­lebs zRviT mi­e­wo­de­bi­naT sur­sa­Ti. yvela
mSe­neb­lo­ba­ze ga­vi­da, aTe­ne­leb­ma ki maT xe­los­ne­bi mi­aS­ve­les.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­ig
­ es ked­le­bis mSe­
neb­lo­bis Se­sa­xeb da mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad ar­gos­ze ga­i­laS­
qres. laS­qro­bas agi­si sar­dlob­da. mi­si ime­di qalaq­Si myo­fi
mom­xre­e­bis dax­ma­re­ba­ze ar ga­mar­Tlda, mag­ram ma­inc mo­a­xer­xes
mSe­ne­ba­re ked­lis dan­gre­va. maT da­i­ka­ves er­Ti ci­xe da da­xo­ces
tyved Ca­var­dni­li mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi. Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ukan
gab­run­dnen. ar­go­se­leb­ma ki ga­i­laS­qres fle­i­un­tze, rad­gan
ma­Ti dev­ni­le­bis um­rav­le­so­bas iq hqon­da Ta­vi Se­fa­re­bu­li.
maT da­ar­bi­es qve­ya­na da ukan dab­run­dnen.
ima­ve zam­Tars aTe­ne­leb­ma es­kad­ra gag­zav­nes ma­ke­do­ni­is
sa­na­pi­ros blo­ka­di­saT­vis. isi­ni say­ve­du­rob­dnen per­di­kas
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan kav­Sirs da am­fi­po­li­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg laS­
qro­bis CaS­las. ase das­rul­da omis meTx­uT­me­te we­li.
Sem­deg zaf­xuls alkibiadesi oci xo­mal­diT ar­gos­Si ga­em­
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gzav­ra. man da­aty­ve­va sa­ma­si ar­go­se­li, vi­sac la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
Ta­nag­rZno­ba­Si ada­na­Sa­u­leb­dnen, da isi­ni er­T-erT kun­Zul­ze
ga­da­iy­va­na. Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­i­laS­qres me­lo­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg.
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta es axal­Se­ni, sxva kun­Zu­le­bis­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT,
ar emor­Ci­le­bo­da aTe­ne­lebs. Ta­vi­dan me­lo­se­le­bi ne­it­ra­li­
te­tis dac­vas cdi­lob­dnen. mag­ram saq­me aS­ka­ra omam­de mi­vi­da.
aTe­ne­le­bi kun­Zul­ze ga­das­xdnen da el­Ce­bi ga­ug­zav­nes me­lo­
se­lebs mo­sa­la­pa­ra­keb­lad. me­lo­se­leb­ma el­Ce­bi ar da­uS­ves
sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze da mTav­ro­bas­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­ba Ses­Ta­va­zes.
xan­grZli­vi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi uSe­de­god das­rul­da. rad­gan
me­lo­se­lebs araf­ris daT­mo­ba ar sur­daT, aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­o­ma­ri
moq­me­de­be­bi da­iwy­es. maT ga­a­na­wi­les sa­mu­Sa­o­e­bi mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
So­ris da qa­laqs sa­al­yo ke­de­li Se­mo­av­les.
ima­ve dros ar­go­se­le­bi Tavs da­es­xnen fle­i­un­tis olqs,
mag­ram ma­xe­Si moy­vnen da oTx­mo­ci ka­ci da­kar­ges.
aTe­nel­Ta gar­ni­zon­ma pi­los­Si di­di na­dav­li mo­i­po­va. sa­nac­
vlod la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma sa­o­ma­ri moq­me­de­be­bi da­iwyes, Tum­ca
xel­Sek­ru­le­ba­ze ua­ri ar uT­qvamT. maT ne­ba mis­ces ne­bis­mi­er
la­ke­de­mo­nels, mo­ewyo ya­Ca­Ru­ri Tav­das­xme­bi aTe­ne­leb­ze.
Sem­deg ko­rin­Te­leb­ma omi da­iwy­es aTen­Tan, da­nar­Ce­ni pe­lo­
po­ne­se­le­bi ki mSvi­do­bas inar­Cu­neb­dnen.
me­lo­se­le­bi Ra­miT Tavs da­es­xnen aTe­nel­Ta sa­al­yo ke­dels,
mok­les ram­de­ni­me ka­ci da ga­i­ta­ces sur­sa­Ti. amis Sem­deg aTe­
ne­leb­ma ke­del­ze uf­ro mkac­ri dac­va da­a­we­ses. ase das­rul­da
zaf­xu­li.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ga­em­zad­nen ar­gos­ze
sa­laS­qrod, mag­ram sazR­var­ze msxver­plSe­wir­va ara­xel­say­re­li
aR­moC­nda da ukan dab­run­dnen. ar­go­se­leb­ma la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis ga­mo eW­vi mi­i­ta­nes zog mo­qa­la­qe­ze da isi­ni
da­aty­ve­ves. da­ax­lo­e­biT ama­ve dros me­lo­se­leb­ma mo­a­xer­xes
sa­al­yo ked­lis sxva na­wi­lis da­ka­ve­ba. amis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma
mo­al­ye­ebs maS­ve­li Za­le­bi ga­ug­zav­nes. ax­la aTe­ne­le­bi ener­gi­
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u­lad ag­rZe­leb­dnen al­yas. qa­laq­Si Ra­la­ti mom­wif­da. me­lo­
se­le­bi da­neb­dnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma da­xo­ces ka­ce­bi, xo­lo qa­le­bi
da bav­Sve­bi mo­ne­bad aq­ci­es. Sem­deg­Si maT xu­Ta­si ko­lo­nis­ti
gag­zav­nes kun­Zul­ze.
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me­eq­vse wig­ni
im zam­Tars aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes ki­dev er­Txel, am­je­rad
uf­ro di­di Za­le­biT, la­qe­te­si­sa da ev­ri­me­do­nis sar­dlo­biT
da­e­laS­qraT si­ci­lia da, Tu Se­saZ­le­be­li iq­ne­bo­da, da­epy­roT
kun­Zu­li. si­ci­li­is zo­ma­sa da mo­sax­le­o­bis ra­o­de­no­ba­ze maT
war­mod­ge­nac ar hqon­daT, ar ego­naT, rom iwy­eb­dnen iseT­sa­ve
rTul oms, ro­go­ric pe­lo­po­ne­si­sa iyo. si­ci­li­is gar­Se­mo
sa­vaW­ro xo­mal­diT mgzav­ro­bas rva dRe sWir­de­ba. amas­Tan,
kun­Zu­li xme­le­Ti­dan mxo­lod oci sta­di­o­ni­Taa da­So­re­bu­li.
uZ­ve­le­si dro­id
­ an kun­Zul­ze sxva­das­xva xal­xi cxov­rob­da.
gad­mo­ce­miT, mi­si uZ­ve­le­si mo­sax­le­o­ba kik­lo­pe­bi da les­tri­
go­ne­bi iy­vnen. vin iy­vnen isi­ni war­mo­So­biT, sa­i­dan mo­vid­nen da
sad wa­vid­nen, ve­ra­fers gety­viT, ami­tom po­e­te­bis na­am­bobs
un­da dav­jer­deT. maT Sem­deg kun­Zul­ze, ro­gorc Cans, si­ka­
ne­bi da­sax­ldnen. isi­ni Tavs mkvidr mo­sax­le­o­bad mi­iC­ne­ven,
mag­ram si­nam­dvi­le­Si war­mo­So­biT ibe­ri­el
­ e­bi ari­an. kun­Zuls
ad­re ma­Ti sa­xe­li er­qva – si­ka­ni­a. isi­ni dRe­sac cxov­ro­ben
kun­Zu­lis da­sav­le­TiT. ili­o­nis aRe­bis Sem­deg aq gad­mo­sax­
ldnen tro­e­le­bic, mog­vi­a­ne­biT ki – fo­ki­de­le­bi. si­ku­le­bi aq
ita­li­i­dan gad­mo­sax­ldnen. maT sZli­es si­ka­nebs da kun­Zuls
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sa­ku­Ta­ri sa­xe­li mis­ces. si­ku­leb­ma elin­Ta mos­vlam­de sa­ma­si
wliT ad­re kun­Zu­lis sa­u­ke­Te­so na­wi­li da­i­ka­ves da dRe­sac
kun­Zu­lis Su­a­gul­sa da Crdi­lo­eT na­wil­Si bi­nad­ro­ben. maT
gar­da kun­Zul­ze gab­ne­u­lia fi­ni­ki­el­Ta da­sax­le­be­bi. isi­ni
si­ku­leb­Tan sa­vaW­rod kon­cxeb­sa da na­pir­Tan ax­los mde­ba­
re pa­ta­ra kun­Zu­leb­ze da­sax­ldnen. elin­Ta mos­vlis Sem­deg
fi­ni­ki­e­leb­ma na­wi­lob­riv da­to­ves kun­Zu­li. isi­ni da­sax­ldnen
eli­me­bis me­zob­lad, sa­i­da­nac mok­le gziT ukav­Sir­de­bod­nen
kar­Ta­gens.
pir­ve­li eli­ne­bi si­ci­li­a­ze qal­ki­si­dan mo­vid­nen. maT da­a­
ar­ses naq­so­si da apo­lons sa­kur­Txe­ve­li au­ges. mom­dev­no wels
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma da­a­ar­ses si­ra­ku­za, xo­lo xu­Ti wlis Sem­deg
qal­ki­de­leb­ma ga­il
­ aS­qres naq­so­si­dan, gan­dev­nes si­ku­le­bi da
da­a­fuZ­nes le­on­ti­na, me­re ka­ta­na.
Tan­da­Ta­no­biT kun­Zul­ze mra­va­li ber­Znu­li da­sax­le­ba
gaC­nda, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, qal­ki­del­Ta da do­ri­el­Ta.
ai, am­de­ni eli­nu­ri da bar­ba­ro­su­li xal­xi cxov­rob­da si­ci­
li­a­ze da maT da­sapy­ro­bad ga­e­mar­Tnen aTe­ne­le­bi mo­kav­Si­re­Ta
dac­vis sa­ba­biT. eges­te­leb­ma maT se­li­un­tTan da si­ra­ku­zas­Tan
brZo­la­Si daxmareba sTxo­ves. isi­ni ax­se­neb­dnen aTe­ne­lebs
maT Zvel kav­Sirs le­on­ti­nas­Tan da im saf­rTxes, rac maT da­e­
muq­re­bodaT, Tu do­ri­u­li si­ra­ku­za mTel si­ci­li­as da­e­pat­
ro­ne­boda da pe­lo­po­ness mi­ex­ma­re­boda. amas­Tan, eges­te­le­bi
mzad iy­vnen ga­e­RoT am omis xar­je­bi. aTe­ne­leb­ma vi­Ta­re­bis
ga­sar­kve­vad jer el­Ce­bi gag­zav­nes eges­ta­Si.
ima­ve zam­Tars la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad
ar­gos­ze ga­i­laS­qres, mi­wa aa­ox­res da ram­de­ni­me ure­mi mar­
cvle­u­li ga­i­ta­ces. ar­go­se­li dev­ni­le­bi maT or­ne­a­Si da­a­
sax­les da iq mci­re gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­ves. Sem­deg da­zav­dnen da
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Sin dab­run­dnen.
aTe­ne­leb­ma oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di da eq­vsa­si hop­li­ti gag­zav­
nes ar­gos­Si. isi­ni ar­go­se­leb­Tan er­Tad Tavs da­es­xnen or­ne­as.
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dev­ni­le­bi Ra­miT ga­iq­cnen, ar­go­se­leb­ma ki qa­la­qi da­an­gri­es
da ukan dab­run­dnen.
aTe­ne­leb­ma me­To­ne­Si ma­ke­do­nel dev­nil­Ta gar­kve­ul ra­o­
de­no­bas­Tan er­Tad mxed­re­bi ga­das­xes da per­di­kas mi­we­bis rbe­
vas Se­ud­gnen. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma el­Ce­bi ga­ug­zav­nes Tra­ki­el
qal­ki­de­lebs da ub­rZa­nes maT per­di­kas dax­ma­re­ba, mag­ram maT
ua­ri ga­nacx­a­des. ase das­rul­da omis me­Teq­vsme­te we­li.
mom­dev­no zaf­xu­lis da­sawy­is­Si aTe­ne­li el­Ce­bi dab­run­
dnen si­ci­li­i­dan eges­te­leb­Tan er­Tad. maT sa­mo­ci ta­lan­ti
ver­cxli Ca­mo­i­ta­nes sa­mo­ci xo­mal­dis aR­sa­Wur­vad. aTe­ne­
leb­ma sa­xal­xo kre­ba mo­iw­vi­es. el­Ce­bis mim­zid­ve­li da mcda­
ri cno­be­bis mos­me­nis Sem­deg ga­dawy­da si­ci­li­a­ze es­kad­ris
gag­zav­na. sar­dle­bad Se­uzR­u­da­vi Za­la­uf­le­biT da­i­niS­nen
alkibiadesi, ni­ki­a­si da la­ma­qo­si. isi­ni un­da dax­ma­re­bod­
nen eges­tas se­li­un­tTan om­Si da, Tu saq­me kar­gad wa­vi­do­da,
da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT le­on­ti­ne­le­bi maT qve­ya­na­Si, sxvaf­riv ki ise
emoq­me­daT, ro­gorc aTe­ni­saT­vis sa­sar­geb­lod mi­iC­nev­dnen.
xu­Ti dRis Sem­deg ki­dev mo­iw­vi­es kre­ba, ro­mel­sac es­kad­ris
sas­wra­fod aR­Wur­va un­da da­ed­gi­na. ni­ki­a­si, ro­me­lic mi­si ne­bis
sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god air­Ci­es sar­dlad, am wa­mowy­e­bas dam­Rup­ve­lad
mi­iC­nev­da. man ase mi­mar­Ta Sek­re­bilT:
`es kre­ba imis­Tvi­saa mow­ve­u­li, rom si­ci­li­a­ze laS­qro­bis
sam­za­di­si ga­ni­xi­los. mag­ram, Ce­mi az­riT, ki­dev er­Txel un­da
dav­fiq­rdeT, gvWir­de­ba Tu ara es laS­qro­ba. Cven naC­qa­re­vad
ar un­da ga­dav­wyvi­toT ase­Ti mniS­vne­lo­va­ni saq­me. am om­Si me
sa­pa­tio Ta­nam­de­bo­ba meq­ne­ba da sa­ku­Tar bed­ze dar­di ar mo­mi­
wevs, Tum­ca kar­gi mo­qa­la­qe sa­ku­Tar si­cocx­le­sa da qo­ne­ba­sac
un­da afa­seb­des da, am Sem­Txve­va­Si, sam­Sob­los ke­Til­dRe­o­ba­
zec iz­ru­nos. me Tqven wi­na­Se Ce­mi rwme­nis sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god arc
ad­re ga­mov­sul­var mxo­lod imi­tom, rom Ta­nam­de­bo­ba da di­de­ba
mo­me­po­ve­bi­na. arc ax­la vi­zam amas. mxo­lod imas vity­vi, rac
sa­u­ke­Te­sod mi­maC­ni­a. Tqve­ni gan­wyo­bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­re, al­baT,
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az­ri ara aqvs giTx­raT, rom ga­ur­kve­ve­li mo­ma­va­li sar­geb­lis
ga­mo ar Rirs imis saf­rTxe­Si Cag­de­ba, rac uk­ve gaqvs. ami­tom
Se­vec­de­bi da­gar­wmu­noT, rom Tqve­ni aC­qa­re­ba ud­ro­o­a, xo­lo
sur­vi­le­bi – Zne­li Se­sas­ru­le­be­li.
si­ci­li­a­Si was­vliT Tqven zur­gSi bevr mters ito­vebT,
iq ki ax­lebs mo­i­po­vebT. nu gaqvT ime­di, rom da­de­bu­li za­vi
mya­ri­a. sa­nam Tqven axal wa­mowy­e­beb­ze uars am­bobT, mSvi­do­ba
sity­vi­e­rad ma­inc ar­se­bobs: swo­red amas mi­aR­wi­es ro­gorc
Cven­ma, ase­ve mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis moR­va­we­eb­ma. mag­ram wa­ru­ma­teb­
lo­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si, isi­ni ma­Sin­ve Se­mog­vi­te­ven. maT xom za­vis
da­de­ba mar­cxis Sem­deg mouxdaT. TviT xel­Sek­ru­le­ba­Sic aris
sa­da­vo pun­qte­bi. amas­Tan, zo­gi qve­ya­na ki­dev ar Se­er­Te­bia am
qve­ya­nas. isi­ni an aS­ka­rad gveb­rZvi­an, an jer ki­dev ara, rad­gan
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mSvi­do­bas ica­ven. ro­gorc ki da­in­ a­xa­ven Cve­ni
Za­le­bis daq­saq­svas, ris ga­ke­Te­ba­sac Cven ax­la va­pi­rebT, Tavs
dag­ves­xmi­an si­ci­li­e­leb­Tan er­Tad. Cven es un­da gvax­sov­des,
ra­Ta ar Ca­vag­doT qve­ya­na saf­rTxe­Si da ar ves­wra­fvo­deT sam­
flo­be­lo­eb
­ is gam­rav­le­bas, sa­nam imas ar gan­vim­tki­cebT, rac
uk­ve gvaqvs. Cven ki amas va­pi­rebT im dros, ro­de­sac Tra­ki­is
sa­na­pi­ro­ze qal­ki­del­Ta am­bo­xe­ba jer ki­dev ar aris Cax­So­bi­li
da zo­gi mo­kav­Si­rec ar aris san­do. Cven gveC­qa­re­ba mo­kav­Si­re­
e­bis dax­ma­re­ba eges­ta­Si, ro­de­sac Tvi­Ton gvi­Wirs.
Tu Cven da­va­mar­cxebT ajan­ye­bul qal­ki­de­lebs, Se­vi­nar­
Cu­nebT ba­to­no­bas am mxa­re­Si. So­re­u­li si­ci­lia mi­si mra­val­
ricx­o­va­ni mo­sax­le­o­biT romc da­vi­mor­Ci­loT, ver mo­va­xer­xebT
iq ba­to­no­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bas. ugu­nu­re­baa Tavs da­es­xa qve­ya­nas,
ro­mel­ze ba­to­no­ba­sac ver Se­i­nar­Cu­neb ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­Txve­
va­Sic ki, xo­lo mar­cxi bev­rad da­am­Zi­mebs Cvens mdgo­ma­re­o­bas.
Ce­mi az­riT, si­ci­li­e­le­bi Cven­Tvis nak­le­bad sa­xi­fa­To­ni gax­
de­bi­an, Tu maT si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da­i­mor­Ci­le­ben. dRes cal­ke­ul
qvey­nebs ki­dev Se­uZ­li­aT la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis xaT­riT Cven­Tan omi.
nak­le­bad sa­va­ra­u­do­a, rom erT sa­xel­mwi­fod ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li
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si­ci­lia Cven dag­vi­pi­ris­pir­des. ro­gorc ax­la Se­eZ­le­bo­daT
si­ci­li­e­lebs pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan kav­Sir­Si Cve­ni ga­nad­gu­re­ba,
ima­ve sa­Su­a­le­be­biT Se­eZ­le­bo­daT, al­baT, pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­sac
ma­Ti ba­to­no­bis mos­po­ba. si­ci­li­e­li eli­ne­bi Cven gan­sa­kuT­re­
biT dag­va­fa­seb­dnen, Tu sa­er­Tod ar mi­vi­do­diT iq an, uki­du­res
Sem­Txve­va­Si, vaC­ve­neb­diT Za­las da swra­fad dav­to­veb­diT si­ci­
li­as. Cven yve­lam vi­ciT, rom ga­o­cebs So­re­ul
­ i, ris Se­sa­xe­bac
mxo­lod ga­gi­go­ni­a. Tu Cven dav­mar­cxde­biT, isi­ni pa­ti­vis­ce­mas
da­kar­ga­ven da ma­Sin­ve Cvens mtrebs Se­u­er­Tde­bi­an. swo­red es
da­ge­mar­TaT, aTe­ne­le­bo, la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan mi­mar­Te­ba­Si. ad­re
Tqven ma­Ti ge­Si­no­daT, ax­la ki, ro­de­sac mo­ul
­ od­ne­lad ga­i­mar­
jveT, aRar eri­de­biT maT da si­ci­li­is dapy­ro­bac ki gin­daT.
mag­ram Sem­Txve­vi­Ti war­ma­te­ba Tav­Si ar un­da ag­vi­var­des. un­da
gvax­sov­des, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs er­Ti mi­za­ni aqvT – dag­vam­ci­
ron Cven, ra­Ta ga­mo­is­yi­don Ta­vi­si dam­ci­re­ba, rad­gan odiT­gan­ve
afa­seb­dnen sa­ku­Tar di­de­bas. Tu go­ni­e­re­bi viq­ne­biT, ar vi­dar­
debT bar­ba­ros eges­tel­Ta bed­ze da vec­de­biT, Cve­ni qve­ya­na
oli­gar­qi­u­li sa­xel­mwi­fos xri­ke­bis­gan da­vic­vaT.
Cven sul co­ta xnis win gav­Ta­vi­suf­ldiT sa­Si­ne­li Wi­ris­
gan, omis ube­du­re­be­bis­gan da da­viwy­eT da­nak­li­sis aR­dge­na.
sax­sre­bi jo­bia aq mo­vix­ma­roT, vid­re am dev­ni­lebs Se­va­li­oT.
li­to­ni sity­ve­bis gar­da maT­gan ve­ra­fers eRir­se­biT. Tu saq­me
kar­gad mi­u­diT, uma­du­re­bi ari­an, xo­lo da­mar­cxe­bi­sas Tqvenc
ga­da­gi­yo­le­ben uf­skrul­Si.
nu mis­cemT uf­le­bas, qvey­nis saf­rTxe­Si Cag­de­bis fa­sad
sa­xe­li ga­iT­qvas man, vi­sac aRaf­rTo­va­nebs sar­dlad ar­Ce­
va, mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom am Ta­nam­de­bo­bis­Tvis me­tis­me­tad
axal­gaz­rdaa da vinc mo­gi­wo­debT sa­laS­qrod mxo­lod Ta­vi­si
pi­ra­di ga­mor­Ce­ni­saT­vis. ase­Ti xal­xi ara mxo­lod sa­ku­Tar
qo­ne­bas flan­gavs, ara­med qvey­nis­Tvi­sac sa­xi­fa­To­a. saq­me
me­tad mniS­vne­lo­va­nia imis­Tvis, rom um­wi­far xalxs Se­eZ­los
mi­si gaZR­o­la.
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SeS­fo­Te­biT vu­yu­reb mis mom­xre axal­gaz­rdebs da da­be­ji­
Te­biT gTxovT uf­ro­sebs: nu da­a­Si­ne­bi­nebT Tavs, nu ah­yve­biT
ucxo qvey­ne­bis dapy­ro­bis dam­Rup­vel vne­bas. cno­bi­li­a, rom
vne­bebs ayo­li­li xal­xi iS­vi­a­Tad aR­wevs war­ma­te­bas. ro­gorc
we­si, go­ni­e­ri da win­da­xe­du­li imar­jvebs. sam­Sob­los da­sa­ca­vad
ken­Wi uya­reT mSvi­do­bas. nu Se­e­Wi­de­biT bu­neb­riv sazR­vrebs,
rom­le­bic si­ci­li­is­gan gvyofs. si­ci­li­e­leb­ma er­Tma­neT­Si mo­i­
la­pa­ra­kon. eges­te­leb­ma ro­gorc da­iwy­es omi, ise­ve iz­ru­non
zav­ze. Cven ar gvWir­de­ba mo­kav­Si­re, vinc Cven­gan elis dax­ma­
re­bas, Cven ki araf­riT gvad­ge­ba.
Sen ki, Tav­mjdo­ma­rev, Tu gin­da ke­Ti­li mo­qa­la­qe iyo, da­a­ye­
ne ken­Wis­yra­ze Ce­mi wi­na­da­de­ba. Tu eW­vi ge­pa­re­ba ima­Si, da­saS­
ve­bia Tu ara xel­me­o­re ken­Wis­yra, gax­sov­des, rom am­de­ni mow­mis
wi­na­Se ka­no­nis dar­Rve­vas ve­ra­vin dag­wa­mebs. pi­ri­qiT, Tu dam­
Rup­ve­li ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis­gan ga­dag­var­Cen, qvey­nis mkur­na­li
iq­ne­bi~.
ora­tor­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba omis mom­xre da axa­li ken­Wis­yris
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge iyo. laS­qro­bas yve­la­ze Tav­ga­mo­de­biT alkibi­
adesi mo­iTx­ov­da. igi sa­er­To­dac ni­ki­as
­ is po­li­ti­ku­ri me­to­qe
iyo, ax­la ki mas ni­ki­a­sis sity­ve­bic ai­Zu­leb­da sity­viT ga­mo­su­
li­yo da sar­dlo­bis sur­vi­lic. mas ime­di hqon­da, rom si­ci­li­
a­sa da kar­Ta­gens da­ipy­rob­da, ri­Tac di­de­ba­sa da sim­did­res
mo­ix­veW­da. alkibiadesi xalxs uy­var­da, mag­ram mi­si cxov­re­bis
we­si, do­Ris cxe­ne­bi da sxva ga­sar­To­be­bi bev­rad met fuls
mo­iTx­ov­da, vid­re mas hqon­da. mi­si mis­wra­fe­be­bi da axi­re­be­bi ki
qvey­nis­Tvis sa­bo­lo­od dam­Rup­ve­li aR­moC­nda. Tan­da­Ta­no­biT
xal­xi ga­a­Ri­zi­an
­ a mis­ma aR­vi­rax­sni­lo­bam. fiq­rob­dnen, rom igi
ti­ra­ni­as es­wraf­o­da. ami­tom, mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom igi brwyin­
va­le sar­da­li aR­moC­nda, Ta­nam­de­bo­ba Ca­mo­ar­Tves, sxveb­ma ki
qve­ya­na uc­bad da­Ru­pes. alkibiadesma xalxs ase mi­mar­Ta:
`a­Te­ne­le­bo, me sxva­ze me­ti uf­le­ba maqvs, vi­yo sar­da­li, da
mje­ra, rom vim­sa­xu­reb ki­dec am Ta­nam­de­bo­bas. iZu­le­bu­li var
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ase da­viwyo Ce­mi ga­mos­vla, rad­gan ni­ki­a­si Tavs da­mes­xa. ra­sac
msay­ve­du­ro­ben, swo­red imiT mo­vi­po­veT me da Cem­ma wi­nap­reb­
ma sa­xe­li da vem­sa­xu­reT sam­Sob­los. olim­pi­u­ri Ta­ma­Se­bi­
saT­vis Cem­ma brwyin­va­le aR­Wur­vi­lo­bam eli­ne­bi da­ar­wmu­na
Cvens Zli­er
­ e­ba­Si ma­Sin, ro­de­sac ego­naT, rom om­ma mTli­a­nad
ga­mog­vfi­ta. me Se­jib­rz
­ e ga­mo­viy­va­ne Svi­di et­li, rac aqam­de
arc erT ker­Zo pirs ar uq­ni­a, da ga­vi­mar­jve. aseT war­ma­te­bas
pa­ti­vis­ce­ma mo­aqvs da Cve­ns Zli­er
­ e­bas asa­bu­Te­bs. me­o­re mxriv,
is brwyin­va­le­ba, rom­li­Tac me sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv val­de­bu­le­
bebs vas­ru­leb, bu­neb­ri­via mo­qa­la­qe­Ta Surs iw­vevs, mag­ram
ucx­o­e­le­bis Tval­Si ase­Ti si­ux­ve Cve­ni Za­lis das­tu­ria da
ar Se­iZ­le­ba ugu­nu­re­bad Ca­vuT­va­loT xar­ji mas, vinc ara
mar­to sa­ku­Tar Tavs, ara­med qve­ya­na­sac ar­gebs. ga­mor­Ce­ul
­ i
ada­mi­a­ne­bi si­cocx­le­Si sZulT, sik­vdi­lis Sem­deg ki adi­de­ben,
ro­gorc sam­Sob­los ke­Ti­lis­myo­fe­lebs. amas ves­wraf­vi mec da
ami­tom xde­ba sa­la­pa­ra­ko Ce­mi pi­ra­di cxov­re­ba, mag­ram Tqven
ima­ze un­da da­fiq­rdeT, ro­gor var­Tmev Tavs sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv
mo­va­le­o­bebs. ga­na me ar ga­va­er­Ti­a­ne pe­lo­po­ne­sis Zli­e­ri
qvey­ne­bi la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg Tqve­ni da­na­xar­je­bi­sa
da saf­rTxe­Si Cag­de­bis ga­re­Se? mar­Ta­li­a, man­ti­ne­as­Tan maT
ga­i­mar­jves, mag­ram dRem­de ver aRud­ge­ni­aT sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­
bis rwme­na.
me da­vam­ya­re kav­Si­ri pe­lo­po­ne­sis Zli­er qvey­neb­Tan, dip­
lo­ma­ti­i­Ta da Tav­ga­mo­de­biT ma­Ti ndo­ba mo­vi­po­ve. maS, nu Se­ge­
Sin­de­baT Ce­mi axal­gaz­rdo­bis da, sa­nam Za­la maqvs, ga­mo­mi­ye­neT
ise­ve, ro­gorc iR­bli­a­ni ni­ki­a­si. nu Sec­vliT si­ci­li­a­ze laS­
qro­bis ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bas. nu Se­ge­Sin­de­baT iq Zli­e­ri me­to­qis
xil­vi­sa. si­ci­li­is mra­val­ricx­o­va­ni mo­sax­le­o­ba Ta­vi­se­bu­ri
brbo­a, qvey­ne­bi io­lad ic­vli­an mo­qa­la­qe­ebs da iRe­ben ax­lebs.
iq sam­Sob­los an Ta­vis da­sa­ca­vad ara­vis aqvs ia­ra­Ri da qa­la­qe­
bic ar aris da­cu­li. Ti­To­e­u­li mxo­lod imis ime­dad aris, Tu
mWev­rmety­ve­le­biT an daj­gu­fe­bis xel­mZRva­ne­lo­biT ra­i­mes
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wag­lejs sa­xel­mwi­fo xa­zi­nas, da mzad aris, mar­cxis Sem­Txve­va­Si
sxva­gan wa­vi­des. war­mo­ud­ge­ne­li­a, es brbo ga­er­Ti­an­des di­di
saq­mis­Tvis. vfiq­rob, Ti­To­e­u­li maT­ga­ni si­a­mov­ne­biT gad­mo­va
Cvens mxa­re­ze, Tu Cven­gan ra­me sa­sur­vels mo­is­mens; miT ume­tes,
rom maT ax­la Si­na­o­mi aqvT. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­sa da sxva eli­neb­sac
bev­rad nak­le­bi hop­li­ti hyavT, vid­re amas Tvi­Ton am­bo­ben.
ase­Tia saq­mis vi­Ta­re­ba si­ci­li­a­ze da igi Se­iZ­le­ba Cven­Tvis
sa­si­ke­Tod ki­dev Se­ic­va­los. Cven ime­di gvaqvs mra­va­li bar­ba­
ro­si­sa, rom­leb­sac si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi sZulT. aqa­u­ri saq­me­eb
­ ic ver
Se­uS­lis xels eq­spe­di­ci­as. Cvens ma­mebs igi­ve mtre­bi hyav­daT,
rom­leb­ze­dac gve­ub­ne­bi­an, rom maT Cvens zur­gSi vto­vebT. gar­
da ami­sa, un­da gvax­sov­des mi­di­is me­fec. da ma­inc, maT Seq­mnes
di­di sa­xel­mwi­fo, ra­sac zRva­ze ba­to­no­biT mi­aR­wi­es. pe­lo­po­
ne­se­lebs ara­so­des hqo­ni­aT Cvens wi­na­aR­mdeg war­ma­te­bis ise
mci­re ime­di, ro­gorc ax­la. ra­sak­vir­ve­li­a, maT Se­uZ­li­aT Tavs
da­es­xan Cvens mi­was, ki­de­vac rom ar ga­vem­gzav­roT si­ci­li­a­ze.
zRva­ze ki ve­ra­fers dag­vak­le­ben, rad­gan aqac sak­mao ra­o­de­no­
bis xo­mal­debs vto­vebT. maS, ri­T ga­va­mar­TlebT Cvens yoy­mans
sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vi­sa da si­ci­li­e­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis wi­na­Se? rad­gan
dav­pir­diT dax­ma­re­bas, pi­ro­ba un­da Se­vas­ru­loT, mi­u­xe­da­vad
imi­sa, rom isi­ni Cven ar gvex­ma­re­bi­an. Cven maT­Tan kav­Si­ri imis­
Tvis ki ar dav­deT, rom aq dag­vex­ma­ron, ara­med imis­Tvis, rom
si­ci­li­a­ze Se­ak
­ a­von Cve­ni mtre­bi.
ro­gorc yve­la Zli­er­ma sa­xel­mwi­fom, Cvenc Zli­e­re­bas imi­
tom mi­vaR­wi­eT, rom mzad vi­ya­viT yvel­gan dav­xma­re­bo­diT
eli­neb­sa da bar­ba­ro­sebs, vinc amas gvTxov­da. Tu xels ar
ga­van­ZrevT da xan­grZliv bWo­bas da­viwy­ebT ima­ze, da­vex­ma­roT
Tu ara vin­mes, amiT Cvens Zli­e­re­bas ki ar gan­vav­rcobT, ara­med
qve­ya­nas dav­Ru­pavT. Zli­er mters un­da da­as­wro Tav­das­xma.
Cven wi­nas­war ver gan­vsazR­vravT, ram­de­nad Sors gav­rcel­
de­ba Cve­ni Za­la­uf­le­ba, mag­ram man uk­ve im zo­mas mi­aR­wi­a, rom
erTs un­da Se­vu­ti­oT, me­o­re ki Se­va­ka­voT. Tu Cven ar vi­ba­
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to­nebT sxveb­ze, mog­vi­wevs ucx­os dav­mor­Cil­deT. ami­tom
Cvens umoq­me­do­bas nu ga­va­mar­TlebT sxvi­si ma­ga­li­TiT, Tu ar
gvin­da Cve­ni mdgo­ma­re­o­bac Se­ic­va­los. rad­gan gvaqvs ime­di,
rom si­ci­li­a­ze Tav­das­xmiT Cvens Za­la­uf­le­bas gav­zrdiT, nu
ga­dav­debT laS­qro­bas. amiT Cven vaC­ve­nebT pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs,
rom ar vkma­yo­fil­de­biT miR­we­u­liT. Tu ga­vi­mar­jvebT da kun­
Zuls da­vi­ka­vebT, mTe­li ela­dis ba­to­ne­bi gav­xde­biT. yo­vel
Sem­Txve­va­Si, Cven da­va­sus­tebT si­ra­ku­ze­lebs, es ki, ro­gorc
Cve­ni, ise Cve­ni mo­kav­Si­re­e­bis in­te­re­seb­Si­a. flo­ti Cvens
usaf­rTxo­e­bas uz­run­vel­yofs ro­gorc war­ma­te­bis, ase­ve ukan
da­xe­vis Sem­Txve­va­Si. zRva­ze upi­ra­te­so­ba gveq­ne­ba, mTe­li
si­ci­li­ac rom ga­er­Ti­an­des Cven wi­na­aR­mdeg. nu Se­ga­Ce­rebT
ni­ki­as
­ is sity­ve­bi, ro­me­lic umoq­me­do­bi­sa da Ta­o­ba­Ta So­ris
SuR­lis­ken mo­gi­wo­debT. Cve­ni ma­me­bis msgav­sad, rom­le­bic
er­Tad iReb­dnen ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bebs da ami­to­mac aiy­va­nes Cve­
ni qve­ya­na dRe­van­del si­maR­lem­de, sca­deT ur­Ti­er­Tga­ge­biT
ki­dev uf­ro ga­na­di­doT igi. gax­sov­deT, rom axal­gaz­rdo­ba
da si­be­re er­Tma­ne­Tis ga­re­Se uZ­lur­ni ari­an. axal­gaz­rdu­li
si­la­Ris, zo­mi­e­re­bi­sa da zus­ti gaT­vlis swo­ri Se­za­ve­ba gan­
sa­kuT­re­biT mniS­vne­lo­va­nia sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­me­eb­Si. Tu qve­ya­
na umoq­me­dod dar­Ce­ba, sxva ne­bis­mi­e­ri or­ga­niz­mis msgav­sad
ga­mo­i­fi­te­ba, yo­vel­gva­ri cod­na da xe­lov­ne­ba da­i­kar­ge­ba.
brZo­la­Si ki is ga­moc­di­le­bas da­ag­ro­vebs da mi­eC­ve­va Ta­vis
dac­vas ara mxo­lod sity­viT, ara­med saq­miT. me dar­wmu­ne­bu­li
var, umoq­me­do­bas mi­uC­ve­ve­li sa­xel­mwi­fo swo­red umoq­me­do­
bis­gan Se­iZ­le­ba da­i­Ru­pos. vfiq­rob, yve­la­ze usaf­rTxod is
cxov­ro­bs, vinc po­li­ti­ka­Si Zvel Cve­va­ze uars ar am­bo­bs~.
mis­ma sity­vam da si­ci­li­el­Ta Txov­nam xalxs ki­dev uf­ro
ga­num­tki­ca mi­Re­bu­li ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba. ni­ki­a­si xe­dav­da, rom
Zve­li da­sa­bu­Te­bis ga­me­o­re­biT xalxs ver Se­a­ka­veb­da da ax­la
sxva mxri­dan Se­mo­u­a­ra:
`me vxe­dav, rom yve­las omi gsurT. ime­di maqvs, igi ise das­
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rul­de­ba, ro­gorc Cven gag­vixar­de­ba, mag­ram ma­inc un­da giTx­
raT Ce­mi az­ri. qvey­ne­bi, ro­mel­Ta wi­na­aR­mde­gac Cven sa­laS­qrod
miv­di­varT, ram­de­na­dac gad­mo­ce­miT vi­ci, Zli­e­re­bi da da­mo­
u­ki­deb­le­bi ari­an da ar es­wraf­vi­an po­li­ti­kur cvli­le­bebs,
ra­ze­dac si­a­mov­ne­biT wa­vi­do­da mo­no­ba­Si myo­fi. kun­Zul­ze
bev­ri eli­nu­ri qve­ya­na­a. sa­eW­vo­a, rom maT Cve­ni ba­to­no­ba am­jo­
bi­non Ta­vi­suf­le­bas. naq­so­si­sa da ka­ta­nas gar­da, rom­le­bic
le­on­ti­ne­leb­Tan na­Te­sa­o­bis ga­mo, al­baT, Cve­ni mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi
iq­ne­bi­an, iq ki­dev Svi­di qve­ya­na­a. isi­ni mSve­niv­rad ari­an mo­ma­
ra­ge­bul­ni da zus­tad ise­Ti­ve Se­i­a­ra­Re­ba aqvT, ro­go­ric Cvens
jars. maT hyavT bev­ri hop­li­ti, mSvil­do­sa­ni, Su­bo­sa­ni da sak­
ma­ri­si ra­o­de­no­ba xal­xi­sa, rom sam­xed­ro xo­mal­deb­ze das­xan.
ker­Zo sax­sre­bis gar­da, se­li­un­tis taZ­reb­Si di­di sa­gan­Zu­ri
ina­xe­ba, si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ki bar­ba­ro­se­bis­gan iRe­ben xarks. amis
gar­da, maT hyavT mra­va­li mxe­da­ri, xo­lo pu­ri Tvi­Ton moh­yavT.
aq maT di­di upi­ra­te­so­ba aqvT Cven­Tan Se­da­re­biT.
ase­Ti Za­lis wi­na­aR­mdeg Cven gvWir­de­ba ara mxo­lod xo­mal­
de­bi, ara­med Zli­e­ri sax­me­le­To ja­ri. Cven ar un­da miv­ceT
sa­Su­a­le­ba mtris cxe­nos­nebs, xe­li Se­uS
­ a­lon Cvens gad­mos­xdo­
mas, miT ume­tes, rom si­ci­li­el­Ta ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si
eges­tel­Ta gar­da ver vna­xavT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs, vinc mxed­rebs
mog­vaS­ve­lebs. sa­mar­cxvi­no iq­ne­ba, Tu mte­ri ukug­vag­debs an
Sem­deg dax­ma­re­bis Txov­na dag­vWir­de­ba. ami­tom aqe­dan un­da
wa­vi­deT Zli­e­ri laS­qriT da gves­mo­des, rom sam­Sob­los­gan
Za­li­an Sors viq­ne­biT. zam­Tris oTxi Tvis man­Zil­ze iqi­dan
am­ba­vic ki ar aR­wevs Cve­nam­de.
Ce­mi az­riT, iq un­da gav­gzav­noT bev­ri hop­li­ti, Cve­nic,
mo­kav­Si­re­bi­sa da mo­xar­ke­e­bi­sac da, sa­sur­ve­li­a, pe­lo­po­nes­
Si da­qi­ra­ve­bu­lic. ase­ve bev­ri mSvil­do­sa­ni da me­Sur­du­le
mtris mxed­re­bi­sa­gan Ta­vis da­sa­ca­vad. Cve­ni upi­ra­te­so­ba
zRva­ze ga­dam­wyve­ti un­da iyos, ra­Ta uz­run­vel­vyoT sur­sa­
TiT mo­ma­ra­ge­ba. sat­vir­To xo­mal­de­biT un­da wa­vi­RoT mar­
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cvle­u­lis di­di ma­ra­gi da wa­viy­va­noT pu­ris mcxo­be­le­bi,
raTa ar gvqon­des sak­ve­bis problema, Tu cu­di amin­dis ga­mo
gza­Si Sev­yov­ndebiT. jars xom yvela qa­la­qi ver ga­mok­ve­bavs.
sa­er­Tod, SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad un­da mo­vi­ma­ra­goT yve­la­fe­ri,
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ki fu­li, ra­Ta sxva­ze ar vi­yoT da­mo­ki­de­bu­
li. rac Se­ex
­ e­ba eges­tel­Ta mi­er Cven­Tvis gadadebul fuls,
mer­wmu­neT, is mxo­lod sity­vi­e­rad ar­se­bobs.
Tu aqe­dan mtris wi­na­aR­mdeg ara mxo­lod Ta­nas­wo­ri, ara­
med yve­la­fer­Si aR­ma­te­bu­li Za­le­biT wa­valT, ga­mar­jve­ba da
laS­qris Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba io­li ma­inc ar iq­ne­ba. war­mo­vid­gi­noT,
rom va­ar­sebT qa­laqs mtris qve­ya­na­Si ucxo mo­sax­le­o­biT.
gad­mos­xdo­mi­dan pir­vel­sa­ve dRes Cven un­da da­vi­ka­voT mi­wa,
sxva Sem­Txve­va­Si mTe­li qve­ya­na Cven wi­na­aR­mdeg iq­ne­ba. swo­red
amis me­Si­ni­a, rad­gan war­ma­te­ba Tqvens swor ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba­ze
uf­ro me­tad bed­zea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li. am laS­qro­ba­Si nu ven­do­biT
iR­bals. wa­vi­deT ise­Ti Za­le­biT, rom­le­bic Cvens usaf­rTxo­e­bas
uz­run­vel­yo­fen. es iq­ne­ba swo­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba qvey­nis­Tvis,
xo­lo laS­qro­ba­Si mi­ma­val­TaT­vis – ga­dar­Ce­nis sa­win­da­ri. vinc
sxva az­ri­sa­a, mzad var da­vuT­mo Ce­mi Ta­nam­de­bo­ba~.
ni­ki­ass ime­di hqon­da, rom eq­spe­di­ci­is sir­Tu­le­eb­ze la­pa­
ra­kiT an sa­er­Tod uars aT­qme­vi­neb­da aTe­ne­lebs laS­qro­ba­ze,
an ai­Zu­leb­da, is kar­gad mo­em­za­de­bi­naT. sir­Tu­le­eb­ma aTe­ne­le­
bi ver Se­a­Si­na. isi­ni gul­mod­gi­ned Se­ud­gnen laS­qro­bis­aTvis
sam­za­diss. maT mo­i­wo­nes ni­ki­a­sis wi­na­da­de­ba. yve­la si­ci­li­a­Si
gam­gzav­re­bis sur­vi­liT iyo an­Te­bu­li. zogs iq sa­xe­li izi­
dav­da, zogs – ucxo qvey­ne­bis nax­va, zog­sac – fu­li. bo­los,
er­Tma mo­qa­la­qem ni­ki­ass mos­Txo­va zus­tad da­e­sa­xe­le­bi­na, ra
Za­la iyo laS­qro­bis­Tvis sa­Wi­ro. ni­ki­ass er­Cia es sa­kiTxi sxva
sar­dleb­Tan er­Tad ga­ne­xi­la. da­ax­lo­e­biT ki, mi­si az­riT, maT
sWir­de­bo­daT: asi sa­ku­Ta­ri tri­e­ri, sat­vir­To xo­mal­de­bi da
ag­reT­ve mo­kav­Si­re­Ta dax­ma­re­ba, hop­li­tebi (sul co­ta, xu­Ti
aTa­si), mSvil­dos­ne­bi da Sur­du­los­ne­bi.
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aTe­ne­leb­ma sar­dlebs Se­uzR­u­da­vi uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­ba mis­ces.
amis Sem­deg da­iwyo sam­za­di­si. ga­ug­zav­nes brZa­ne­ba mo­kav­Si­re­
ebs, dge­bo­da mo­qa­la­qe­Ta si­e­bi. qve­ya­nam ax­la­xan da­aR­wia Ta­vi
sa­Si­nel epi­de­mi­a­sa da xan­grZliv oms, g­a­i­zar­da axa­li Ta­o­ba,
mSvi­do­bis dros xa­zi­na­Si kvlav dag­rov­da fu­li.
ama­so­ba­Si, aTen­Si erT Ra­mes da­a­zi­a­nes her­me­bi – oTx­wax­
na­ga bo­Ze­bi, rom­le­bic ker­Zo sax­le­bi­sa da sam­loc­ve­lo­e­bis
Se­sas­vle­leb­Tan id­ga. da­iwy­es dam­na­Sa­ve­Ta Zeb­na. di­di jil­do
da­wes­da mis­Tvis, vinc dam­na­Sa­ves da­as­men­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma her­
me­bis da­zi­a­ne­ba Zal­ze ga­ni­ca­des, rad­gan es laS­qro­bis win
cud niS­nad CaT­va­les.
ram­de­ni­me me­tek­ma da msa­xur­ma mTvra­li axal­gaz­rde­bis mi­er
qan­da­ke­be­bis da­zi­a­ne­bis Se­sa­xeb ga­nacx­a­da. maT Tqves ase­ve,
rom zog sax­lSi mis­te­ri­ebs mkre­xe­lu­rad das­ci­nod­nen. ama­Si,
sxva­Ta So­ris, alkibiades­sac ada­na­Sa­u­leb­dnen. alkibiadesis
mtreb­ma es bral­de­be­bi ai­ta­ces. maT sur­daT mi­si gan­dev­na,
ris Sem­de­gac qve­ya­na­Si pir­ve­lo­bis mo­po­ve­bas ime­dov­neb­dnen.
alkibiadesma uar­yo bral­de­be­bi da ga­nacx­a­da Tan­xmo­ba,
war­mdga­ri­yo sa­sa­mar­Tlos wi­na­Se si­mar­Tlis da­sad­ge­nad jer
ki­dev laS­qro­bis win: Tu dam­na­Sa­ve aR­moC­nde­bo­da, da­e­sa­jaT,
xo­lo Tu ga­mar­Tlde­bo­da, is sar­dlo­bas Se­i­nar­Cu­neb­da. igi
iTx­ov­da, ar da­eg­doT yu­ri ci­lis­mwa­meb­lu­ri bral­de­bis­Tvis
mi­si ar­yof­nis dros. Tu dam­na­Sa­ve iyo, job­da ax­la­ve mo­ek­laT.
yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si, uf­ro go­niv­ru­li iq­ne­bo­da, sa­sa­mar­Tlos
ga­na­Ce­nam­de is ar wa­su­li­yo si­ci­li­a­Si sar­dlis sta­tu­siT. mis
mtrebs eSi­no­daT, rom mas laS­qa­ri da­uW
­ er­da mxars da xal­
xic gul­ke­Ti­lo­ba­sa da mad­li­e­re­bas ga­mo­i­Cen­da. ami­tom maT
yve­la­na­i­rad ga­a­Wi­a­nu­res sa­sa­mar­Tlo, xo­lo ma­Ti da­qi­ra­ve­
bu­li ora­to­re­bi alkibiadesis da­u­yov­neb­liv gam­gzav­re­bas
mo­iTx­ov­dnen. maT un­do­daT mis wi­na­aR­mdeg ki­dev uf­ro mZi­me
bral­de­be­bi mo­e­po­ve­bi­naT da Sem­deg ga­mo­ex­moT is sa­sa­mar­Tlo
pro­ces­ze. am­de­nad, ga­dawy­da, alkibiadesi wa­su­li­yo.
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Sua zaf­xuls es­kad­ra si­ci­li­is­ken da­iZ­ra. mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma,
sur­sa­TiT dat­vir­Tul­ma sat­ran­spor­to xo­mal­deb­ma da sxva
ge­meb­ma, rom­le­bic es­kad­ras Tan ax­ldnen, mi­i­Res brZa­ne­ba,
Zi­ri­Ta­di Za­le­bis pi­re­o­si­dan gas­vlam­de ker­ki­ras­Tan mo­e­ya­
raT Ta­vi. aTe­ne­le­bi da zo­gi mo­kav­Si­re, vinc jer ki­dev qa­laq­Si
iyo, di­liT da­eS­vnen pi­re­os­Si, ra­Ta xo­mal­deb­ze dam­sxda­riy­
vnen. iq mog­rov­da mTe­li mo­sax­le­o­ba. qa­la­qis mcxov­reb­le­bi
aci­leb­dnen Ta­vis ax­lob­lebs, me­gob­rebs, na­Te­sa­vebs dapy­ro­
bis ime­di­Ta da crem­le­biT, rad­gan es­mo­daT, rom So­re­u­li da
sa­xi­fa­To mog­za­u­ro­ba elodaT.
gan­So­re­bis mo­men­tSi aTe­ne­le­bi uf­ro da­a­fiq­ra laS­qro­bis
bed­ma, vid­re sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze ga­dam­wyve­ti ken­Wis­yris dros.
mag­ram na­nax­ma sam­xed­ro Za­lam maT mxne­o­ba Ses­Zi­na. ucx­o­e­le­
bic gak­vir­ve­bu­li Seh­yu­reb­dnen sa­o­car sa­na­xa­ob
­ as. mar­Tlac,
ase­Ti Zvir­fa­si da brwyin­va­le flo­ti jer arc erT eli­nur
qve­ya­nas ar aRe­Wur­va. mar­Ta­li­a, pe­rik­lesis epi­dav­ros­ze da
hag­no­nis po­te­i­da­i­a­ze laS­qro­bi­sas cota xo­mal­di­ da hop­
li­ti ar Se­uk­re­bi­aT, mag­ram es laS­qro­be­bi mok­le dro­ze iyo
gaT­vli­li da Cve­u­leb­ri­vad aR­Wur­vi­li. ax­la ki xan­grZli­vi
laS­qro­bis­Tvis em­za­de­bod­nen da aq iyo yve­la­fe­ri, ro­gorc
sazR­va­o, ase­ve sax­me­le­To omis­Tvis. xo­mal­de­bis mSe­neb­lo­ba­ze
tri­e­rar­qeb­sa da sa­xel­mwi­fos di­di fu­li da­e­xar­jaT. Ti­To­
e­ul mezR­va­urs sa­xel­mwi­fo erT drah­mas ux­di­da. ga­am­za­des
ag­reT­ve sa­mo­ci swra­fi da or­mo­ci sat­vir­To xo­mal­di hop­li­
te­bis ga­da­say­va­nad. es xo­mal­de­bi sa­uk
­ e­Te­so me­niC­be­e­biT da­a­
kom­pleq­tes. me­Ta­u­re­bi sa­xel­mwi­fo xel­fa­sis garda sa­ku­Ta­ri
sax­sre­bi­da­nac ux­did­nen me­niC­be­ebs fuls. Ti­To­e­u­li me­Ta­u­
ri cdi­lob­da, yve­la­ze la­ma­zi da swraf­ma­va­li mi­si xo­mal­di
yo­fi­li­yo. sax­me­le­To laSqa­ri rCe­u­li xal­xis­gan Sed­ge­bo­da.
isi­ni aR­Wur­vi­lo­bi­Ta da ab­jriT ejib­re­bod­nen er­Tma­neTs.
da­nar­Ce­ni eli­ne­bis Tval­Si es sam­za­di­si uf­ro aTe­nel­Ta Za­li­
sa da sim­did­ris war­mo­Ci­ne­bas em­sa­xu­re­bo­da, vid­re mter­Tan
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oms. xa­zi­na­sa da cal­ke­ul mo­na­wi­le­ebs es laS­qro­ba mra­va­li
ta­lan­ti da­uj­da.
ro­de­sac yve­la­ni xo­mal­deb­ze avid­nen, me­say­vi­rem du­mi­
lis ni­Sa­ni mis­ca. Sem­deg war­moT­qves Cve­u­leb­ri­vi loc­ve­bi
Ti­To­eu
­ l xo­mal­dze da msxver­plSewirva Se­as­ru­les. maT­Tan
er­Tad lo­cu­lob­dnen na­pir­ze mdgo­mi mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi. Sem­deg
xo­mal­de­bi pe­a­nis sim­Re­riT zRva­Si Se­a­cu­res. jer sab­rZo­lo
wyo­biT mi­di­od­nen, Sem­deg ki xo­mal­de­bi sis­wra­fe­Si ejib­re­
bod­nen er­Tma­neTs, ra­Ta ker­ki­ra­ze ma­le mi­su­liy­vnen, sa­dac
Sek­re­ba iyo da­niS­nu­li.
si­ra­ku­zam­de aR­wev­da cno­be­bi aTe­nel­Ta sam­za­di­sis Se­sa­xeb,
mag­ram did­xans ami­si ar sje­ro­daT. sa­xal­xo kre­ba­zac az­re­bi
ga­i­yo. zo­gi erTs am­tki­ceb­da, zo­gi – me­o­res. sityviT her­
mok­ra­te­si ga­mo­vi­da. man mo­uTx­ro mo­qa­la­qe­ebs mo­sa­lod­ne­li
saf­rTxis Se­sa­xeb da mo­u­wo­da, mom­za­de­bu­liy­vnen. mas ime­di
hqon­da, rom si­ci­li­e­le­bi ga­im
­ ar­jvebdnen, da maT ga­er­Ti­a­ne­
ba Ses­Ta­va­za, ra­Ta mters kun­Zul­ze gad­mos­xdo­mam­de Se­ge­be­
bod­nen. xan­grZli­vi ka­ma­Tis Sem­deg si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­
tes mi­e­RoT sa­Wi­ro zo­me­bi qa­la­qis dac­vis­Tvis da mov­le­nebs
da­lo­de­bod­nen.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ker­ki­ras­Tan
Se­ik­rib­nen. sar­dleb­ma ki­dev er­Txel da­aT­va­li­e­res xo­mal­de­bi
da gan­sazR­vres Tan­mim­dev­ro­ba, Tu ro­gor un­da Ca­eS­vaT Ru­za
gad­mos­xdo­mis dros. es­kad­ra sam raz­mad gay­ves, er­Tob­li­vi
cur­vi­sas wyli­sa da sur­sa­Tis mi­wo­de­bis sir­Tu­le­e­bis Ta­vi­dan
asa­ci­leb­lad, ag­reT­ve imis­Tvis, rom ga­em
­ ar­ti­ve­bi­naT gad­mo­
sas­xdo­mad nav­sad­gu­ris mo­Zeb­na. aTe­ne­le­bi mi­iC­nev­dnen, rom
sar­dlis yof­na Ti­To­e­ul raz­mSi aa­maR­leb­da ma­nev­ru­lo­ba­sa
da dis­cip­li­nas. Sem­deg sa­mi xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes ita­li­a­sa da
si­ci­li­aS
­ i, ra­Ta ga­er­kvi­aT, ro­me­li qvey­ne­bi mi­iR
­ eb­dnen aTe­
ne­lebs da ro­me­li nav­sad­gu­re­bis­ken ga­e­cu­raT.
amis Sem­deg uzar­ma­za­ri flo­ti­lia si­ci­li­is­ken da­iZ­ra.
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sul iyo as oc­da­ToTx­me­ti tri­e­ri da ori or­moc­da­aT­niC­
bi­a­ni ro­do­su­li xo­mal­di. hop­li­te­bis sa­er­To ra­o­de­no­ba
xu­Ti aTas ass aR­wev­da. maT­gan aTas xu­Ta­si aTe­ne­li mo­qa­la­qe
iyo, Svi­da­si Te­ti sazR­vao qve­i­Tad msa­xu­rob­da. da­nar­Ce­ni
hop­li­te­bi mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma ga­mog­zav­nes. xu­Ta­si ar­gos­ma da
man­ti­ne­am, amas gar­da, ki­dev oras or­moc­da­a­Ti mo­qi­rav­ne iyo.
maT ax­ldaT oTx­as oTx­mo­ci mSvil­do­sa­ni, as o­ci ro­do­se­li
me­Sur­du­le da as o­ci msu­bu­qad Se­i­ar
­ a­Re­bu­li me­ga­re­li. amis
gar­da, iyo ki­dev er­Ti xo­mal­di mxed­re­bis ga­da­say­va­nad, zed
oc­da­a­Ti mxed­riT.
sam­xed­ro xo­mal­debs mih­yve­bo­da oc­da­a­Ti sat­vir­To xo­mal­di
sur­sa­Ti­Ta da xe­los­ne­biT, ag­reT­ve asi mci­re ge­mi. gar­da ami­sa,
mra­va­li sa­vaW­ro xo­mal­di Ta­vi­si ne­biT Se­u­er­Tda flo­ti­li­as.
maT er­Tad gas­wi­es ker­ki­ra­dan io­ni­is zRva­Si. isi­ni mi­ad­gnen ia­pi­
gi­is kon­cxsa da ta­rents da Sem­deg ita­li­is sa­na­pi­ros da­uy­vnen.
ita­li­ur
­ i qa­la­qe­bi ar iReb­dnen aTe­ne­lebs da ar uS­veb­dnen maT
Ta­vi­anT ba­zar­ze. mxo­lod wyal­sa da maT na­pir­Tan Ru­zis CaS­ve­
bis ne­bas aZ­lev­dnen. bo­los es­kad­ram regioss mi­aR­wia ita­li­is
sam­xreT­Si. aTe­ne­le­bi qa­laq­Si ar Se­uS­ves da isi­ni ar­te­mi­sis
sa­lo­cav­Tan da­ba­nak­dnen, sa­dac baz­ro­bac mo­ewy­o. aTe­ne­leb­ma
xo­mal­de­bi na­pir­ze amo­aT­ri­es da da­sas­ve­neb­lad gan­lag­dnen.
Sem­deg mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi da­iwy­es da re­gi­el­Ta­gan le­on­ti­nel­Ta
dax­ma­re­bas iTx­ov­dnen. mag­ram re­gi­e­leb­ma uTx­res, rom ne­it­
ra­li­tets am­jo­bi­ne­ben da sxva ita­li­e­li eli­ne­bis ga­dawy­ve­
ti­le­bas da­e­lo­de­bi­an. ma­Sin aTe­ne­li sar­dle­bi da­fiq­rdnen,
ro­gor ga­eg­rZe­le­bi­naT kam­pa­ni­a, Tan eges­ta­dan ma­Ti el­Ce­bis
dab­ru­ne­bas elo­de­bod­nen.
ama­so­ba­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma aTe­nel­Ta flo­tis regios­Si Cas­
vla Se­ity­ves da sa­o­ma­ri sam­za­di­si da­aC­qa­res.
eges­ta­Si gag­zav­ni­li sa­mi xo­mal­di dab­run­da. maT Ca­mo­
i­ta­nes cno­ba, rom iq da­na­pi­re­bi fu­lis nac­vlad mxo­lod
oc­da­a­Ti ta­lan­ti aR­moC­nda. aman ise­ve, ro­gorc re­gi­el­Ta
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uar­ma, mo­na­wi­le­ob
­ a mi­e­RoT laS­qro­ba­Si, aTe­ne­li sar­dle­bi
da­a­dar­di­a­na. ni­ki­ass ar gah­kvir­ve­bia es cno­ba. or da­nar­Cen
sar­dals ki eges­tel­Ta tyu­i­li ki­dev uf­ro uc­na­u­rad eC­ve­na,
vid­re re­gi­el­Ta ua­ri.
eges­te­leb­ma ki, ro­de­sac aTe­ne­li el­Ce­bi pir­ve­lad Ca­vid­
nen maT fa­se­u­lo­ba­Ta da­saT­va­li­e­reb­lad, eS­ma­ko­bas mi­mar­Tes.
el­Cebs jer af­ro­di­tes sam­loc­ve­los gan­Zi aC­ve­nes, Sem­deg
ker­Zo mi­Re­beb­ze er­Ti da ima­ve, xSi­rad me­zob­le­bis­gan naTx­o­
va­ri, oq­ro­sa da ver­cxlis Ta­se­biT umas­pin­Zlde­bod­nen. amiT
aTe­nel el­Ceb­sac da mezR­va­u­reb­sac Ta­vi mdid­rad mo­aC­ve­nes.
ax­la ki, ro­de­sac aR­moC­nda, rom eges­te­lebs fu­li ar hqon­
daT, me­om­reb­ma el­Cebs usay­ve­du­res, rom­le­bic jer Tvi­Ton
moty­uv­dnen, me­re ki sxve­bic mo­aty­u­es.
sar­dleb­ma bWo­ba da­iwy­es, ra eq­naT Seq­mnil vi­Ta­reba­Si.
ni­ki­as­ma Ses­Ta­va­za, mTe­li flo­tiT se­li­un­tis­ken wa­su­liy­vnen,
ris­Tvi­sac iy­vnen kidec ga­mog­zav­nili. Tu eges­te­le­bi mTel
laS­qars ga­da­ux­did­nen fuls, Se­iZ­le­bo­da Se­sa­ba­mi­sad emoq­me­
daT. Tu ara, ma­Sin mo­iTx­ov­dnen sa­mo­ci xo­mal­dis sa­fa­surs da
se­li­un­tTan ma­nam dar­Ce­bod­nen, sa­nam igi Ta­vi­si ne­biT an iZu­
le­biT ar Se­u­rig­de­bo­da eges­tas. amis Sem­deg un­da ga­e­cu­raT
sxva qa­la­qe­bis gas­wvriv, eC­ve­ne­bi­naT Ta­vi­si Za­la, me­gob­re­bis
dax­ma­re­bis­Tvis mzadyof­na da Sin dab­ru­ne­bu­liy­vnen.
alkibiadesma Tqva, rom ase­Ti Za­le­biT uSe­de­god ukan dab­
ru­ne­ba sa­mar­cxvi­no iq­ne­bo­da. man ur­Ci­a, ga­eg­zav­naT mac­ne­eb
­ i
yve­la qa­laq­Si se­li­un­ti­sa da si­ra­ku­zis gar­da da ma­Ti ga­da­
bi­re­ba eca­daT. pir­vel rig­Si, mesenas mim­xro­ba sWir­de­bo­daT,
rad­gan es qa­la­qi si­ci­li­is ga­sa­Re­bi­a. aqe­dan, mas me­re, rac
da­ad­gen­dnen, vi­si ime­di Se­iZ­le­boda hqo­no­daT, un­da ga­e­laS­
qraT si­ra­ku­za­sa da se­li­un­tze, Tu se­li­un­te­le­bi ar da­u­zav­
de­bod­nen eges­te­lebs, xo­lo si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ar da­ub­ru­neb­dnen
le­on­ti­ne­lebs maT qa­laqs.
bo­los, la­ma­qos­ma Ses­Ta­va­za, pir­da­pir si­ra­ku­za­ze ga­­­e­laS­
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qraT. ase­Ti ar­mia SiSs da­sawy­is­Si iw­vevs. ue­ca­ri Tav­­­das­xma,
sa­nam mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge gons mo­va, aTe­ne­lebs ga­mar­­jve­bis yve­la­
ze met Sanss aZ­lev­da. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges Se­aS
­­ i­neb­da uzar­ma­za­ri
laS­qris da­nax­vac da mo­sa­lod­neli gan­sac­de­lic. si­ra­ku­ze­
le­bi, al­baT, ar iy­vnen mzad Tav­das­xmis­Tvis da bev­ri qa­la­qis
ked­lebs ga­reT im­yo­fe­bo­da. ro­de­sac ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg
qa­la­qis ked­leb­Tan da­ba­nak­de­bod­nen, sxva si­ci­li­el eli­nebs
aRar ga­uC­nde­bo­daT kiTx­va, vis­ken ix­re­ba sas­wo­ri, da aTe­ne­
lebs mi­em­xro­bod­nen.
am sity­vis me­re la­ma­qo­si ma­inc alkibiadesis az­ris­ken ga­da­
i­xa­ra. alkibiadesi Ta­vi­si xo­mal­diT ga­e­mar­Ta mesena­Si, mag­ram
ver mo­a­xer­xa meseniel­Ta mim­xro­ba. maT ua­ri Tqves aTe­nel­Ta
qa­laq­Si SeS­ve­ba­ze da mxo­lod qa­laq­ga­reT baz­ro­bis mowy­o­ba­ze
da­Tan­xmdnen. alkibiadesi ukan dab­run­da regios­Si.
sar­dleb­ma Se­ar­Ci­es sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di, Se­av­ses sur­sa­Tis
ma­ra­gi da naq­so­sis­ken gas­wi­es. iqi­dan sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv ka­ta­
nas mi­ad­gnen. ka­ta­ne­leb­ma aTe­ne­le­bi ar mi­i­Res da maT Ra­mis
ga­Te­va zRva­Si mo­ux­daT. erT xaz­ze dawy­o­bil­ma xo­mal­deb­ma
si­ra­ku­zis­ken ga­nag­rZes gza. aTi xo­mal­di nav­sad­gur­Si Se­vi­
da. mac­nem ga­mo­acx­a­da aq mos­vlis mi­ze­zi – le­on­ti­nel­TaT­vis
ma­Ti qa­la­qis dab­ru­ne­ba. Sem­deg qa­la­qi, nav­sad­gu­ri da mi­da­mo
daz­ve­res da ukan gab­run­dnen.
ama­so­ba­Si ka­ta­na­Si ga­i­mar­Ta sa­xal­xo kre­ba, ro­mel­mac
ga­dawy­vi­ta, ar mi­e­RoT aTe­nel­Ta laS­qa­ri, mag­ram mo­es­mi­naT
sar­dle­bi­saT­vis. alkibiadesis ga­mos­vlis dros, ro­de­sac mTe­
li yu­radR­e­ba mis­ken iyo mipy­ro­bi­li, aTe­nel­ma ja­ris­ka­ceb­ma
ga­a­Res er­T-er­Ti ka­ri da ba­zar­ze mi­vid­nen sa­yid­le­bis­Tvis.
mtris da­nax­va­ze si­ra­ku­zel­Ta mci­re­ricx­ov
­ an­ma mom­xre­eb­ma
qa­la­qi da­to­ves, xo­lo ka­ta­ne­leb­ma aTen­Tan kav­Si­ri ga­dawy­
vi­tes da laS­qa­ri Ta­vis­Tan mi­iw­vi­es. aTe­ne­le­bi regios­Si
dab­run­dnen da iqi­dan mTe­li flo­ti ka­ta­na­Si gad­mo­iy­va­nes.
ama­so­ba­Si ka­ma­ri­na­dan mo­vi­da cno­ba, rom aTe­nel­Ta iq mis­
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vlis Sem­Txve­va­Si qa­la­qi mzad iyo maT Se­er­Te­bo­da, xo­lo
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi xo­mal­debs am­za­deb­dnen sab­rZol­ve­lad. aTe­
nis es­kad­ram sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv ga­cu­ra. man si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
xo­mal­de­bi ver na­xa da ka­ma­ri­nas mi­ad­ga. qa­laq­ma ua­ri Tqva
aTe­nel­Ta mi­Re­ba­ze da es­kad­ra ukan ga­mob­run­da. gzad si­ra­
ku­zel­Ta sa­na­pi­ro da­ar­bi­es.
ka­ta­na­Si maT aTe­ni­dan alkibiadesis wa­say­va­nad Ca­mo­su­li
xo­mal­di dax­vdaT. is aTen­Si sa­sa­mar­Tlos wi­na­Se un­da war­mdga­
ri­yo mis wi­na­aR­mdeg wa­mo­ye­ne­bu­li bral­de­be­bis ga­mo. mas­Tan
er­Tad ram­de­ni­me sxva meb­rZol­sac iw­vev­dnen mkre­xe­lo­bi­sa
da her­me­bis da­zi­a­ne­bis bral­de­biT.
es­kad­ris gam­gzav­re­bis Sem­deg ga­mo­Zi­e­ba gag­rZel­da. xalxs
aka­veb­dnen ga­da­um
­ ow­me­be­li das­me­nis sa­fuZ­vel­zec ki. aTe­ne­
lebs yvel­gan de­mok­ra­ti­is mtre­bi elan­de­bo­daT da ar un­do­
daT, rom mkacr ga­mo­Zi­e­bas ga­dar­Ce­no­da vin­me, vis­ze­dac ki
od­na­vi eW­vi gaC­nda.
fiq­rob­dnen, rom her­me­bi­sa da mis­te­ri­e­bis saq­me SeT­qmu­
le­bas ukav­Sir­de­bo­da oli­gar­qi­i­sa Tu ti­ra­ni­is dam­ya­re­bis
miz­niT. amis sa­fuZ­vel­ze bev­ri war­Ci­ne­bu­li mo­qa­la­qe da­a­ka­ves.
bo­los er­Tma tu­saR­ma, me­gob­ris rCe­viT, aRi­a­ra da­na­Sa­ul
­ i da
Ta­nam­zrax­ve­le­bic da­a­bezR­a. dRem­de ara­vin icis, mar­Ta­lia
es Tu ara, mag­ram ma­Sin aTe­ne­leb­ma mas si­a­mov­ne­biT da­u­je­res.
TviT dam­sme­ni da mi­si am­xa­na­ge­bi ga­aT
­ a­vi­suf­les, xo­lo mis mi­er
da­da­na­Sa­u­le­bu­le­bi sik­vdi­liT da­sa­jes. vinc gaq­ce­va mo­as­wro,
da­us­wreb­lad mi­u­sa­jes sik­vdi­li. am pro­ces­ze ve­ra­vin ity­vis,
ram­de­nad sa­mar­Tli­a­nad da­is
­ aj­nen bral­de­bu­le­bi, mag­ram sxva
mo­qa­la­qe­TaT­vis saq­mis ase­Ti da­sas­ru­li sa­sar­geb­lo aR­moC­nda.
ama­so­ba­Si alkibiadesis mtre­bi mis wi­na­aR­mdeg xalxs aqe­
zeb­dnen. aTe­ne­le­bi da­ar­wmu­nes, rom alkibiadesi mo­na­wi­le­
ob­da SeT­qmu­le­ba­Si de­mok­ra­ti­is da­sam­xo­bad. ro­de­sac xal­xi
amis ga­mo bo­boq­rob­da, la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mci­re raz­mi is­Tmoss
mi­ad­ga be­o­ti­e­leb­Tan Se­sax­ved­rad. aTe­ne­leb­ma da­as­kvnes, rom
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la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi alkibiades­Tan Se­Tan­xme­biT moq­me­deb­dnen.
mis ar­go­sel me­gob­reb­ze­dac mi­i­ta­nes eW­vi, rom isi­ni de­mok­
ra­ti­is dam­xo­bas api­reb­dnen.
aTe­ne­leb­ma alkibiadesis ga­sa­mar­Tle­ba da sik­vdi­liT das­ja
ga­niz­ra­xes da mis Ca­mo­say­va­nad si­ci­li­a­ze xo­mal­di gag­zav­
nes. alkibiadess ub­rZa­nes aTen­Si Ca­su­li­yo. mi­si da­pa­tim­re­ba
si­ci­li­a­Si­ve ver ga­be­des, ra­Ta laS­qa­ri ar aReS­fo­Te­bi­naT da
mtris yu­radR­e­ba ar mi­epy­roT. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT eSi­no­daT, ar
da­e­kar­gaT man­ti­ne­e­le­bi­sa da ar­go­se­le­bis me­gob­ro­ba, rom­
le­bic alkibiadesma da­i­Tan­xma laS­qro­ba­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­ba­ze.
ami­tom igi sxva eW­vmi­ta­ni­leb­Tan er­Tad sa­ku­Ta­ri xo­mal­diT
ga­em­gzav­ra. ci­lis­mwa­meb­lu­ri bral­de­be­bis ga­mo maT aTen­Si
Cas­vla aRar mo­in­do­mes, gza­Si gam­ci­leb­lebs ga­eq­cnen da Ta­vi
pe­lo­po­ness Se­a­fa­res. aTe­ne­leb­ma maT da­us­wreb­lad mi­u­sa­jes
sik­vdi­li.
si­ci­li­a­ze dar­Ce­nil­ma or­ma sar­dal­ma wi­lis­yriT ga­da­i­
na­wi­la es­kad­ra da mTe­li Za­le­biT se­li­un­ti­sa da eges­tas­ken
gas­wi­a. maT sur­daT eges­te­le­bi­sa­gan da­na­pi­re­bi Tan­xa mi­e­RoT
da gar­kve­u­liy­vnen maT da­va­Si se­li­un­te­leb­Tan. Crdi­lo­eTi
sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv cur­vi­sas es­kad­ra mi­ad­ga re­gi­on­Si er­Ta­
derT eli­nur qa­laqs – gi­me­ras, ro­mel­mac aTe­ne­le­bi ar mi­i­
Ro. es­kad­ram gza ga­nag­rZo da da­i­ka­va si­kul­Ta qa­la­qi gi­ka­ra.
aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­sax­le­o­ba mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des, qa­la­qi ki ga­das­ces
eges­te­lebs, rom­leb­mac maT mxed­re­bi da­ax­ma­res. ni­ki­as­ma eges­
ta­Si oc­da­a­Ti ta­lan­ti mi­iR
­ o, xo­lo tyve­e­bi as oc ta­lan­tad
ga­yi­des. ka­ta­na­dan mo­kav­Si­re si­ku­lebs Sik­ri­ke­bi ga­ug­zav­nes
maS­ve­li raz­me­bis moTx­ov­niT. Sem­deg hibla­ze ga­i­laS­qres,
mag­ram qa­la­qi ver ai­Res. ase das­rul­da zaf­xu­li.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars aTe­ne­leb­ma si­ra­ku­za­ze Tav­das­xmis­Tvis
da­iwy­es mza­de­ba. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bic, Ta­vis mxriv, aTe­ne­leb­ze api­
reb­dnen ie­riSs. ro­de­sac maT na­xes, rom aTe­ne­le­bi ar Cqa­ro­ben
maT­ze ga­laS­qre­bas, isi­ni Tan­da­Ta­no­biT ga­Ta­mam­dnen. hibla­ze
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wa­ru­ma­te­bel­ma ie­riS­ma maT Tav­da­je­re­bu­lo­ba Se­ma­ta. isi­ni
sar­dlebs sTxov­dnen ka­ta­na­ze was­vlas. si­ra­ku­ze­li mxed­re­bi
ki, rom­le­bic aTe­nel­Ta ba­naks adev­neb­dnen Tval­yurs, dam­ci­
na­vad ekiTx­e­bod­nen aTe­ne­lebs, aq da­sa­sax­leb­lad Ca­mox­ve­diT
Tu le­on­ti­nelTa da­sax­ma­reb­la­do.
aTe­nel­ma sar­dleb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, ga­mo­ety­u­e­bi­naT mtris
laS­qa­ri rac Se­iZ­le­ba Sors qa­la­qi­dan, xo­lo Tvi­Ton Ra­miT
ga­e­cu­raT da mo­xer­xe­bul ad­gi­las da­ba­na­ke­bu­liy­vnen. maT
es­mo­daT, rom ga­u­Wir­de­bo­daT na­pir­ze ga­das­xdo­ma mtris
Tval­win. si­ra­ku­zel­Ta mra­val­ricx­o­va­ni mxed­ro­ba ma­Ti msu­
bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Te­bi­sa da aRa­li­saT­vis did xi­faTs
war­mo­ad­gen­da. Tu mters ga­ity­u­eb­dnen, ma­Sin mo­a­xer­xeb­dnen
ga­das­xdo­ma­sa da ba­na­ki­saT­vis mo­­xer­xe­bu­li ad­gi­lis Ser­Ce­vas.
si­ra­ku­zel­ma dev­ni­leb­ma maT olim­po­e­li zev­sis sam­loc­ve­los
max­lob­lad da­ba­na­ke­ba ur­Ci­es. am geg­mis gan­sa­xor­ci­e­leb­lad
aTe­ne­leb­ma am­gvar xriks mi­mar­Tes. maT si­ra­ku­za­Si gag­zav­nes
er­Tgu­li ka­ci, ro­me­lic si­ra­ku­ze­li sar­dle­bis ndo­bi­Tac
sar­geb­lob­da. is ka­ta­ne­li iyo da si­ra­ku­za­Si ma­Ti ka­ta­ne­
li mom­xre­e­bis sa­xe­liT Ca­vi­da. man si­ra­ku­ze­lebs aTe­nel­Ta
ba­nak­ze Tav­das­xmis geg­ma Ses­Ta­va­za da ka­ta­nel­Ta mxar­da­We­ra
aRuT­qva.
sa­ku­Tar Za­leb­Si dar­wmu­ne­bu­li si­ra­ku­ze­li sar­dle­bi
ise­dac fiq­rob­dnen ka­ta­na­ze l
­ aS­qro­bas da ax­la am kacs mi­en­
dvnen. maT dRe da­un
­ iS­nes da ka­ci ukan gag­zav­nes. daT­qmul
dros si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad ka­ta­nas­ken da­iZ­
rnen. gzad er­Ti Ra­me le­on­ti­nas mxa­re­Si ga­a­Ti­es. ama­so­ba­Si
aTe­ne­le­bi xo­mal­deb­ze das­xdnen da si­ra­ku­zis­ken ai­Res ge­zi.
gan­Ti­ad­ze aTe­ne­le­bi olim­po­e­li zev­sis sam­loc­ve­los­Tan
ga­das­xdnen da ba­na­ki mo­awy­es. si­ra­ku­zel­ma mxed­reb­ma pir­ve­
leb­ma mi­aR­wi­es ka­ta­nas da aTe­nel­Ta zRva­Si gas­vlis am­ba­vi
ga­i­ges. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi sas­wra­fod ukan ga­mob­run­dnen sa­ku­Ta­ri
qa­la­qis da­sa­ca­vad.
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ka­ta­na­dan si­ra­ku­zam­de sak­ma­od di­di gzaa da aTe­ne­lebs sak­
ma­ri­si dro hqon­daT ba­na­kis ga­sa­mag­reb­lad. qa­la­qi­dan ara­vin
ga­mo­su­la maT­Tvis xe­lis Se­saS­le­lad. pir­ve­le­bi si­ra­ku­ze­li
mxed­re­bi dab­run­dnen, maT da­nar­Ce­ni laS­qa­ric moh­yva. isi­ni
mi­u­ax­lov­dnen ba­naks, mag­ram, rad­gan aTe­ne­le­bi ar ga­mo­su­lan
maT Se­sax­ved­rad, ukan da­i­xi­es.
me­o­re di­liT mxa­re­e­bi sab­rZol­ve­lad ga­em­zad­nen. ma­Ti
Za­le­bi ase gan­lag­da: mar­jve­na frTa­ze ar­go­se­le­bi da man­
ti­ne­e­le­bi id­gnen, cen­trSi – aTe­ne­le­bi, mar­cxe­na frTa­ze ki
da­nar­Ce­ni mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi. laS­qris er­Ti na­xe­va­ri avan­gar­dSi
id­ga, rva ri­gad. me­o­re na­xe­va­ri kar­veb­Tan re­zer­vSi iyo oTx­
kuTx­e­dad gan­la­ge­bu­li, ase­ve rva ri­gad. isi­ni un­da mix­ma­re­
bod­nen iq, sa­dac amis sa­Wi­ro­eb
­ a Se­iq­mne­bo­da. am oTx­kuTx­e­dis
Sig­niT iyo aRa­li. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma Ta­vi­si hop­li­te­bi Teq­vsmet
ri­gad da­awyv­es. laS­qar­Si ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bic iy­vnen, pir­vel
rig­Si, se­li­un­te­le­bi. maT hyav­daT ora­si mxe­da­ri ge­la­dan,
oci mxe­da­ri da or­moc­da­a­Ti mSvil­do­sa­ni ka­ma­ri­na­dan. Ta­vi­si
aTas ora­si mxe­da­ri si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma mar­jve­na frTa­ze ga­na­la­
ges, xo­lo maT gver­diT – Su­bis mtyor­cne­le­bi. aTe­ne­leb­ma
ga­dawy­vi­tes brZo­lis dawy­e­ba da ni­ki­as­ma ase­Ti sity­ve­biT
mi­mar­Ta maT:
`me­om­re­bo, ga­na gWir­de­baT Tqven gam­xne­ve­ba? ga­na aq er­Ti
saq­mis­Tvis ar varT? am mSve­ni­e­ri laS­qris er­Ti da­nax­vac sak­ma­
ri­si­a, rom si­ma­ma­ce Seg­Zi­noT. mar­Tlac, ro­de­sac Cven – ar­go­
se­le­bi, man­ti­ne­e­le­bi, aTe­ne­le­bi da kun­Zu­lis Zi­ri­Ta­di war­
mo­mad­ge­ne­le­bi aq ga­ver­Ti­an­diT, dar­wmu­ne­bu­le­bi un­da vi­yoT
ga­mar­jve­ba­Si, rad­gan Cvens wi­na­Se ub­ra­lo sa­xal­xo laS­qa­ria
da ara rCe­u­li me­om­re­bi, ro­go­re­bic Tqven xarT. maT ugu­nu­ri
si­ma­ma­ce me­ti aqvT, vid­re sam­xed­ro ga­moc­di­le­ba. gax­sov­deT,
rom Cven ucxo mxa­re­Si vim­yo­fe­biT da ar gvyavs me­gob­re­bi, Tu
maT ia­ra­RiT ar mo­vi­po­vebT. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis sar­dlebs Se­uZ­
li­aT ga­am­xne­von Ta­vi­si me­om­re­bi sity­ve­biT – Tqven ib­rZviT
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Tqve­ni sam­Sob­los­Tvis. me ki Se­gax­se­nebT, rom mtris mi­wa­ze
xarT da, Tu ar ga­i­mar­jvebT, da­i­Ru­pe­biT. ga­ix­se­neT Tqve­ni
di­de­ba da Ta­ma­mad Se­u­ti­eT mters. es er­Ta­der­Ti ga­mo­sa­va­li­a.~
am sity­ve­bis me­re ni­ki­a­si jars win ga­uZR­va. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ar
elod­nen brZo­lis ase ad­re dawy­eb
­ as. zo­gi qa­laq­Si iyo wa­su­li,
zo­gic ba­na­kis max­lob­lad im­yo­fe­bo­da. maT sas­wra­fod mi­a­Su­
res po­zi­ci­ebs da dad­gnen, sa­dac mox­vdaT. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ar
Ca­mor­Ce­bod­nen aTe­ne­lebs arc Tav­gan­wir­viT, arc si­ma­ma­ciT,
mag­ram maT sam­xed­ro os­ta­to­ba ak­ldaT.
xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la did­xans gag­rZel­da. ama­so­ba­Si, meb­
rZo­lebs av­da­ri da­aty­da Tavs. aman ga­mo­uc­de­li me­om­re­bi
Se­a­Si­na, mag­ram ga­moc­di­leb­ma is wlis dro­iT ax­snes, maT mtris
wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba ufro aS­fo­Teb­daT. bo­los ar­gose­leb­ma da
aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­a­xer­xes si­ra­ku­zel­Ta ukuq­ce­va, mag­ram ve­Rar
sdi­es maT mxed­re­bis wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ga­mo. maT ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes. gaq­ce­u­li si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi kvlav Se­ik­rib­nen
da raz­mi ga­g­zav­nes zev­sis sam­loc­ve­los­ken, ra­Ta iq myo­fi
sa­gan­Zu­ri aTe­ne­lebs ar Ca­var­dno­daT xel­Si.
aTe­ne­le­bi ar wa­su­lan sam­loc­ve­los­ken. maT dak­rZa­les
da­Ru­pu­le­bi da Ra­me brZo­lis vel­ze ga­a­ta­res. Sem­deg dRes
da­zav­dnen da si­ra­ku­ze­lebs ma­Ti da­Ru­pu­le­bi ga­das­ces. sul
si­ra­ku­zel­Ta mxri­dan oras sa­mo­ci ka­ci da­i­Ru­pa, aTe­ne­le­bi
ki – mxo­lod or­moc­da­a­Ti. Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bi na­dav­liT ka­ta­na­Si
dab­run­dnen. zam­Tar­Si maT ar un­do­daT sam­xed­ro ope­ra­ci­e­bis
gag­rZe­le­ba, sa­nam aTe­ni­dan da ad­gi­lob­ri­vi mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi­sa­gan
mxed­rebs ar mi­i­Reb­dnen. gar­da ami­sa, maT un­do­daT Se­eg­ro­ve­
bi­naT fu­li da mi­em­xroT cal­ke­u­li si­ci­li­u­ri qvey­ne­bi. aTe­
ne­lebs ime­di hqon­daT, rom ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg met mo­kav­Si­res
Se­i­Zen­dnen da ga­zaf­xu­lis­Tvis si­ra­ku­za­ze Tav­da­sas­xme­lad
ukeT mo­em­za­de­bod­nen.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma da­Ru­pul­Ta dak­rZal­vis me­re sa­xal­xo kre­
ba mo­iw­vi­es. Sek­re­bilT her­mok­ra­tes­ma mi­mar­Ta. man ga­am­xne­va
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Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­ni. mTa­va­ri­a, rom sab­rZo­lo su­li Se­i­nar­Cu­nes,
xo­lo um­niS­vne­lo mar­cxi ga­mo­uc­de­lo­bis bra­li iyo. maT xom
ela­dis sa­u­ke­Te­so me­om­reb­Tan mo­u­wiaT Ser­ki­ne­ba. mar­cxis
me­o­re mi­ze­zi sar­dle­bis sim­rav­le da er­Ti­a­ni xel­mZRva­ne­
lo­bis arar­se­bo­ba iyo. Tu Se­ar­Cev­dnen ram­de­ni­me ga­moc­dil
sar­dals, gaz­rdid­nen hop­li­tebis ricxvs da wvrTnas zam­
Tar­Si­ve da­iwy­eb­dnen, maT ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di un­da hqo­no­daT.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma mi­i­Res mi­si wi­na­da­de­be­bi da mxo­lod sa­mi
sar­da­li air­Ci­es, maT So­ris Tvi­Ton her­mok­ra­te­si. si­ra­ku­
ze­leb­ma ag­reT­ve gag­zav­nes el­Ce­bi ko­riT­sa da la­ke­de­mon­Si
aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg omis dawy­e­bis Txov­niT.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma mesenas wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­i­laS­qres. maT
ime­di hqon­daT, rom mo­Ra­la­te­e­bis dax­ma­re­biT ai­Reb­dnen
qa­laqs, mag­ram ar ga­um
­ ar­TldaT. alkibiadesma mi­si gaw­ve­vis
Sem­deg uka­na gza­ze SeT­qmu­le­bis Se­sa­xeb mesena­Si si­ra­ku­zel­
Ta mom­xre­ebs Se­aty­o­bi­na. maT da­xo­ces alkibiadesis mi­er
da­sa­xe­le­bu­li mo­Ra­la­te­e­bi, xo­lo Sem­deg xal­xi ai­Zu­les
aTe­ne­leb­Tan me­gob­ro­ba­ze ua­ri eT­qvaT. aTe­ne­le­bi mesenas­
Tan ca­me­t dRes id­gnen, ua­min­do­bi­Ta da sur­sa­Tis nak­le­bo­biT
Se­wu­xe­bu­le­bi. Sem­deg naq­sos­Si dab­run­dnen, ba­na­ki ga­a­mag­res
da ga­mo­sa­zam­Treb­lad mo­em­zad­nen. maT gag­zav­nes aTen­Si tri­
e­ri da fu­li da mxed­re­bi mo­iTx­o­ves.
zam­Tar­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma qa­la­qis max­lob­lad ked­lis mSe­
neb­lo­ba da­iwy­es, ra­Ta ma­Ti wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges sa­al­yo ke­de­li uSu­a­lod qa­la­qis ­ax­lo­s ver
ae­Se­ne­bi­na. maT ci­xe­si­mag­re­e­bad aq­ci­es ag­reT­ve me­ga­ra da
olim­po­e­li zev­sis sam­loc­ve­lo. sa­na­pi­ro­ze­dac ga­a­mag­res
Se­saZ­lo gad­mos­xdo­mis ad­gi­le­bi.
ro­de­sac aTe­nel­Ta naq­sos­Si ga­mo­sa­zam­Treb­lad was­vlis
am­ba­vi Se­ity­ves, si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ka­ta­na­ze ga­i­laS­qres, te­ri­
to­ria aa­ox­res da aTe­nel­Ta ba­na­ki daw­ves. maT ga­i­ges, rom
aTe­ne­le­bi mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bebs awar­mo­eb­dnen ka­ma­ri­nas­Tan Zve­li
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sa­mo­kav­Si­reo xel­Sek­ru­le­bis aR­dge­nis Se­sa­xeb da Tvi­To­nac
gag­zav­nes iq el­Ce­bi. isi­ni eW­vob­dnen, rom ka­ma­ri­ne­le­bi pir­
vel brZo­la­Sic maT ugu­lod ex­ma­re­bod­nen, ax­la ki, aTe­nel­Ta
ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg, mtris mxa­re­ze ga­da­vi­dod­nen. her­mok­ra­
tes­ma ka­ma­ri­nel­Ta sa­xal­xo kre­bas ase mi­mar­Ta:
`ka­ma­ri­ne­le­bo, Cven Ca­mo­ve­diT ara imis Si­SiT, rom Tqven
aTe­nel­Ta laS­qa­ri da­gaf­rTxob­daT. Cven gva­dardebs, maT
ma­nam­de ar mo­a­xer­xon Tqve­ni dar­wmu­ne­ba, sa­nam Cven mog­vis­menT.
aTe­ne­le­bi si­ci­li­a­ze kar­gad cno­bi­li sa­ba­biT Ca­mo­vid­nen, mag­
ram ama­ve dros, fa­ru­li gan­zrax­vi­Tac, rom­lis Se­sa­xeb, al­baT,
yve­la­ni vxvde­biT. maT surT ara le­on­ti­nel­Ta dab­ru­ne­ba maT
qa­laq­Si, ara­med Cve­ni gan­dev­na Cve­ni qa­la­qe­bi­dan. vin da­i­je­
rebs, rom xal­xi, ro­me­lic ela­da­Si an­grevs qa­la­qebs, si­ci­li­a­Si
aRad­gens maT, xo­lo vinc qal­ki­de­leb­sa da ev­be­e­lebs imor­
Ci­lebs, le­on­ti­ne­le­bis mi­marT sa­u­ke­Te­so grZno­be­biT iq­ne­ba
gam­sWva­lu­li ma­Ti qal­ki­de­leb­Tan na­Te­sa­o­bis ga­mo. ga­na ima­ve
gziT ar mi­aR­wi­es ba­to­no­bas Ta­vis ­qve­ya­na­Si, ra gzi­Tac mis
dam­ya­re­bas ax­la aq api­re­ben? io­ni­e­leb­ma da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma
isi­ni ne­ba­yof­lo­biT aq­ci­es be­la­dad mi­di­e­leb­Tan om­Si, mag­ram
aTe­ne­leb­ma yve­la da­im
­ o­nes. zo­gi sam­xed­ro val­de­bu­le­be­bis
Se­us­ru­leb­lo­ba­Si da­a­da­na­Sa­u­les, zo­gic – Si­na­aS­li­lo­ba­Si,
yo­vel­Tvis ra­Rac sa­babs po­ul
­ ob­dnen. am­gva­rad, arc aTe­ne­le­
bi eb­rZod­nen mi­di­is me­fes elin­Ta ga­sa­Ta­vi­suf­leb­lad, arc
eli­ne­bi – sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vi­suf­le­bis­Tvis: aTe­ne­lebs eli­neb­ze
ba­to­no­ba sur­daT, eli­nebs ki – ba­to­nis Sec­vla.
aq aTe­ne­le­bis Za­la­do­ba­sa da usa­mar­Tlo­ba­Si da­sa­da­na­Sa­
u­leb­lad ar mov­sul­varT. Cven un­da vi­fiq­roT Cvens Tav­ze.
Cven gvaqvs ma­ga­li­Ti iqa­u­ri eli­ne­bi­sa, vinc ver mo­a­xer­xa
Ta­vis dac­va da Ta­vi­suf­le­ba da­kar­ga. ax­la amas aTe­ne­le­bi
Cven wi­na­aR­mdeg iye­ne­ben. ga­ver­Ti­an­deT da vaC­ve­noT maT, rom
Cven Ta­vi­su­fa­li do­ri­e­le­bi varT, vinc aq da­mo­u­ki­de­be­li
pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan gad­mo­sax­lda. xom ar da­ve­lo­de­biT, sa­nam isi­ni
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rig­ri­go­biT ar da­ipy­ro­ben Cvens qa­la­qebs. maT xom Cve­ni Zle­va
mxo­lod ase Se­uZ­li­aT.
Se­iZ­le­ba ka­ma­ri­nel­ma ifiq­ros, rom aTe­nel­Ta mte­ri is ki
ara, si­ra­ku­ze­li­a. mag­ram man un­da ico­des, rom Ce­mi mi­wis­Tvis
brZo­li­sas is Ta­vis sam­Sob­lo­sac icavs, miT uf­ro war­ma­te­bu­
lad, rom mas mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi hyavs. Se­iZ­le­ba Su­ris an Si­Sis ga­mo
Tqven xels gaZ­levT si­ra­ku­zis da­sus­te­ba, mag­ram Tqve­ni­ve
usaf­rTxo­eb
­ is­Tvis gsurT, rom igi ma­inc ga­dar­Ces. ico­deT, rom
ada­mi­a­nis Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs aRe­ma­te­ba ase­Ti si­zus­tiT mov­le­
na­Ta msvle­lo­bis gan­sazR­vra. Tu dRes Cven da­vi­Ru­pe­biT, xval
Tqve­ni je­ri dad­ge­ba da si­na­nu­li dag­vi­a­ne­bu­li aR­moC­nde­ba.
nu ga­fiq­rebT aTe­ne­leb­Tan xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dar­Rve­va. es
xel­Sek­ru­le­ba iyo ara Tqve­ni me­gob­re­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg, ara­med
Tqvens da­sa­ca­vad da­de­bu­li. Tqven un­da da­ex­ma­roT aTe­ne­lebs,
Tu maT Tavs da­es­xmi­an, mag­ram ar xarT val­de­bu­li maT­Tan
er­Tad eo­moT me­zob­lebs. war­mo­So­biT qal­ki­de­li re­gi­el
­ e­bic
ki ar ex­ma­re­bi­an aTe­ne­lebs ma­Ti Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le le­on­ti­nel­Ta
dab­ru­ne­bis saq­me­Si. ga­na uc­na­u­ri ar aris, rom regiosi mix­vda
aTe­nel­Ta nam­dvil zrax­vebs da go­niv­ru­lad iq­ce­va, Tqven ki
mzad xarT mters da­ex­ma­roT Tqve­ni ax­lob­le­bis da­Rup­va­Si.
nu Se­ge­Sin­de­baT aTe­ne­le­bis Zli­e­re­bis. Tu si­ci­li­e­le­bi
ga­ver­Ti­an­de­biT, mte­ri ve­ra­fers dag­vak­lebs. saf­rTxe Cvens
daq­saq­su­lo­ba­Si­a, ami­tom mte­ri cdi­lobs er­Tma­neTs dag­va­
So­ros. mag­ram maT asec ki ver mi­aR­wi­es mi­zans, ga­mar­jve­bis
Sem­de­gac ki iZu­le­bul­ni gax­dnen, ukan da­e­xi­aT.
Tu isev ga­ver­Ti­an­de­biT, nam­dvi­lad ga­vi­mar­jvebT. Cven
dag­vex­ma­re­bi­an pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bic, ro­mel­Ta Za­la aTe­ne­le­
bi­sas aRe­ma­te­ba.
nu ifiq­rebT, rom Tqve­ni frTxi­li po­li­ti­ka Cvens mi­marT
sa­mar­Tli­a­ni da Tqven­Tvis usaf­rTxo iq­ne­ba. mar­Ta­li­a, is
Tan­mim­dev­ru­li Cans, mag­ram usa­mar­Tlo­a. Tu Cven Tqve­ni
dax­ma­re­bis ga­re­Se dav­mar­cxdiT, ga­na es imas ar niS­navs, rom
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Tqven gag­vwi­reT? uf­ro ke­Til­So­bi­lu­ri iq­ne­bo­da, Cven­Tvis
dax­ma­re­bis xe­li ga­mo­ge­wo­de­bi­naT da Tqve­ni me­go­ba­ri aTe­ne­
le­bi usa­mar­Tlo­bis­gan Se­ge­ka­ve­bi­naT.
ar Rirs bev­ri la­pa­ra­ki imis Se­sa­xeb, rac Tqvenc kar­gad
iciT. Cven dax­ma­re­bas gTxovT da, Tu uars mi­vi­RebT, vacx­
a­debT: Cven gve­muq­re­ba Zve­li mte­ri – io­ni­e­le­bi, Tqven ki
do­ri­e­le­bi xarT da do­ri­e­lebs Ra­la­tobT. Tu aTe­ne­le­bi
dag­vipy­ro­ben, Tqven un­da gi­mad­lod­nen, mag­ram di­de­ba maT
er­ge­baT, Tqven ki ma­Ti na­dav­lis na­wi­li iq­ne­biT. xo­lo Tu Cven
ga­vi­mar­jvebT, Tqven da­is­je­biT. da­fiq­rdiT da air­Ci­eT, ra
gir­Cev­ni­aT: mo­no­ba Tu Cven­Tan er­Tad ga­mar­jve­ba, aTe­nel­Ta
uRe­li Tu Cve­ni mtro­ba~.
her­mok­ra­te­sis Sem­deg aTe­nel­ma el­Cma iTx­o­va sity­va:
`Cven Ca­mo­ve­diT aq, ra­Ta gan­va­ax­loT Zve­li kav­Si­ri. si­ra­ku­
ze­li el­Cis Tav­das­xme­bi gva­i­Zu­lebs, mo­giTx­roT Cve­ni xe­li­
suf­le­bis Se­sa­xeb, ro­mel­sac sav­se­biT sa­mar­Tli­a­nad vflobT.
ami­si sa­bu­Ti TviT her­mok­ra­te­sis sity­ve­bi­a, rom do­ri­e­le­bi da
io­ni­e­le­bi odiT­gan­ve mtre­bi iy­vnen. Cven, io­ni­el
­ e­bi, vcxov­rob­
diT do­ri­u­li war­mo­So­bis mra­val­ricx­o­va­ni pe­lo­po­ne­se­lis
me­zob­lad da un­da gve­fiq­ra, Tu ro­gor dag­vec­va Cve­ni da­mo­
u­ki­deb­lo­ba. mi­di­e­leb­Tan omis Sem­deg Cven ava­geT flo­ti da
gav­Ta­vi­suf­ldiT la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta he­ge­mo­ni­is­gan. Cven vi­Ta­veT
me­fis yo­fil qve­Sev­rdom­Ta wi­nam­ZRo­lo­ba da Se­vi­nar­Cu­neT igi,
rad­gan ase ukeT da­vi­cav­diT Tavs. Cven sa­mar­Tli­a­nad da­vi­mor­
Ci­leT io­ni­e­le­bi da kun­Zu­le­bis mcxov­reb­le­bi, rad­gan maT
mi­di­e­leb­Tan er­Tad Cven­ze, maT met­ro­po­li­a­ze, ga­mo­i­laS­qres.
Cven vxel­mZRva­ne­lobT Cvens mo­kav­Si­re­ebs da vim­sa­xu­rebT
ki­dec amas. Cven ara mar­to ava­geT uZ­li­e­re­si flo­ti, ara­med
Tav­gan­wir­vi­Tac vib­rZo­diT eli­ne­bis­Tvis. amas­Ta­na­ve, Cven
vcdi­lob­diT pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs win aR­vdgo­mo­diT. Cven ar
gety­viT maRal­far­do­van sity­vebs Cve­ni ba­to­no­bis ga­sa­mar­
Tleblad, ar gety­viT, rom mar­tom da­va­mar­cxeT bar­ba­ro­si
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da rom om­Si sxvis Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­ze me­tad vzru­nav­diT, vid­re
sa­ku­Tar Tav­ze. ve­ra­vis ga­am­tyu­neb, Tu is sa­ku­Tar in­te­re­seb­ze
fiq­robs. swo­red sa­ku­Tar usaf­rTxo­e­ba­ze fiq­rma mog­viy­va­
na aq da mig­vaC­ni­a, rom es ro­gorc Cvens, ise Tqvens in­te­re­
seb­Si­a. ro­gorc giTx­a­riT, Cve­ni ba­to­no­ba ela­da­Si Si­Sis­gan
aR­mo­cen­da. ama­ve mi­ze­ziT varT aq, ra­Ta gan­vam­tki­coT Cve­ni
usaf­rTxo­eb
­ a da da­gic­vaT Tqven.
nu­ra­vin ifiq­rebs, rom Tqven­ze zrun­viT sxvis saq­me­Si ve­re­
viT. un­da ges­mo­deT, rom sa­nam Tqven si­ra­ku­zel­TaT­vis wi­na­
aR­mde­go­bis ga­we­va Se­giZ­li­aT, isi­ni ver mi­eS­ve­le­bi­an pe­lo­
po­ne­se­lebs da ver gvav­ne­ben Cven. am­de­nad, Tqve­ni be­di Cven
Za­li­an gva­dar­debs. ama­ve mi­ze­ziT, Cven gvin­da da­vab­ru­noT
le­on­ti­ne­le­bi maT qa­laq­Si, mag­ram ara imis­Tvis, rom isi­ni, ma­Ti
mo­na­Te­sa­ve ev­be­el
­ e­bis msgav­sad, Cvens mo­xar­ke­eb
­ ad vaq­ci­oT,
ara­med imis­Tvis, rom Zli­er
­ i mo­kav­Si­re gvyav­des si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
me­zob­lad. ela­da­Si Cven da­mo­u­ki­deb­lad varTmevT Tavs Cvens
saq­mes da ar gvWir­de­ba, rom ev­be­e­lebs Se­i­a­ra­Re­ba hqon­deT. aq
ki Cven xels gvaZ­levs Cveni mo­kav­Si­re­ebis da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba.
vinc sxva­ze ba­to­nobs, yve­la­fe­ri, rac xel­say­re­li­a, go­niv­
ru­li­caa da ar ar­se­bobs na­Te­sa­vi, Tu mas ver en­do­bi. Cven
iZu­le­bu­li varT, Se­var­Ci­oT me­gob­re­bi, vi­Ta­re­bi­dan ga­mom­
di­na­re, yo­vel cal­ke­ul Sem­Txve­va­Si. aq Cven gvWir­de­ba Zli­e­ri
me­gob­re­bi, vinc Cvens mters Se­a­Ce­rebs. Tqven ar gaqvT sa­fuZ­
ve­li, rom ar gven­doT. ela­da­Sic Cven, Cve­ni in­te­re­se­bi­dan
ga­mom­di­na­re veqceviT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs. qi­o­se­le­bi da me­Tim­ne­le­bi
mxo­lod xo­mal­debs gvaw­vdi­an. sxva mxriv ki da­mo­u­ki­deb­le­bi
ari­an. um­rav­le­so­bas nak­le­bi da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba aqvs da xarks
gvix­dis. zo­gi ki, mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom kun­Zul­ze cxov­robs
da Cven ma­Ti dapy­ro­ba ar gag­vi­Wir­de­bo­da, Ta­vi­suf­le­bas inar­
Cu­nebs, rad­gan ma­Ti kun­Zu­le­bi kar­gi da­say­rde­nia pe­lo­po­ne­
sis wi­na­aR­mdeg om­Si. ami­tom si­ci­li­a­ze Cve­ni po­li­ti­ka Cve­ni
in­te­re­se­bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­re­obs da si­ra­ku­zel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg
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aris mi­mar­Tu­li. maT surT Tqven­ze ba­to­no­ba da cdi­lo­ben,
ga­ga­er­Ti­a­non Cven­da­mi un­dob­lo­biT. Tu Cven kun­Zu­lis da­to­
ve­ba mog­vi­wevs, isi­ni mas da­e­uf­le­bi­an.
vi­sac ar sje­ra, mas re­a­lo­ba da­ar­wmu­nebs. ro­de­sac pir­ve­lad
mog­viw­vi­eT, gvar­wmu­neb­diT, rom Tqve­ni da­to­ve­ba si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
xel­Si Cven­Tvis sa­zi­a­no­a. ax­la usa­mar­Tlo iq­ne­ba, Tu sa­ku­Tar
sity­vebs ar da­u­je­rebT da mxo­lod imi­tom Se­mog­vxe­davT eW­vis
Tva­liT, rom ax­la Cve­ni Za­le­bi si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi­sas aRe­ma­te­ba.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi­sa Tqven me­tad un­da ge­Si­no­deT. Cven Tqve­ni dax­
ma­re­bis ga­re­Se si­ci­li­a­ze ver dav­rCe­biT. kun­Zu­li ve­ra­go­bi­Tac
rom da­vipy­roT, mas ver Se­vi­nar­Cu­nebT. si­ci­li­am­de xom grZe­li
gza gvaqvs da Za­la ar gve­yo­fa di­di qa­la­qe­bis sax­me­le­To om­Si
da­sa­ca­vad. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ki Tqve­ni uax­lo­e­si me­zob­le­bi ari­an.
isi­ni ba­na­kis nac­vlad qa­laq­Si cxov­ro­ben da maT bev­rad me­ti
xal­xi hyavT. isi­ni mu­dam mzad ari­an av­non sxva qvey­nebs. es maT
le­on­ti­nel­Ta Sem­Txve­va­Sic da­a­das­tu­res. ax­la ki Tav­xe­du­rad
gTxo­ven, da­ex­ma­roT imaT wi­na­aR­mdeg, vinc Tqvens Ta­vi­suf­le­
bas icavs. Cven gTa­va­zobT uf­ro re­a­lur usaf­rTxo­e­bas, vid­re
isi­ni da gTxovT, nu ugu­le­bel­yofT or­mxriv sar­ge­bels~.
ka­ma­ri­nelebi ke­Ti­lad iy­vnen gan­wyo­bi­li aTe­ne­le­bisa­d­mi,
mag­ram afiq­reb­daT ma­Ti zrax­ve­bi; me­zo­bel si­ra­ku­ze­leb­Tan
ki maT mud­mi­vad da­Za­bu­li ur­Ti­er­To­ba hqon­daT. Seq­mnil
vi­Ta­re­ba­Si maT sa­bo­lo­od ne­it­ra­li­te­ti am­jo­bi­nes da ori­ve
el­Co­bam qa­la­qi da­to­va. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma omis­Tvis sam­za­di­si
da­iwy­es, aTe­ne­le­bi ki naq­sos­ze dab­run­dnen da si­ku­leb­Tan
Se­ud­gnen mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bas. si­ra­ku­zis mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi, rom­le­bic
dab­lob­Si cxov­rob­dnen, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, mi­si er­Tgul­ni dar­Cnen.
xo­lo kun­Zu­lis siR­rme­Si mcxov­re­bi si­ku­le­bi aTe­ne­lebs mi­em­
xrnen: isi­ni ama­ra­geb­dnen laS­qars sur­sa­TiT, zo­gi fu­li­Tac
ex­ma­re­bo­da. zam­Tar­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma sad­go­mi naq­so­si­dan ka­ta­na­Si
ga­da­it
­ a­nes da aRad­gi­nes si­ra­ku­ze­le­bis mi­er dam­wva­ri ba­na­ki.
maT gag­zav­nes tri­e­ri kar­Ta­gen­Si, ra­Ta kav­Si­ri Se­e­Ta­va­
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ze­bi­naT da gaerkviaT, xom ar mi­i­Reb­dnen iqi­dan dax­ma­re­bas.
el­Ce­bi gag­zav­nes tir­se­ni­a­Sic, sa­dac zog­ma qve­ya­nam om­Si
Cab­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta. aTe­ne­leb­ma si­ci­li­el to­meb­sa da eges­te­
lebs cxe­ne­bi mos­Txo­ves. maT mo­i­ma­ra­ges ag­reT­ve sxva­das­xva
ma­sa­la, rac sa­al­yo sa­mu­Sa­o­e­bis­Tvis das­Wir­de­bo­daT omis
ga­nax­le­bis Sem­deg.
ko­rin­Tossa da la­ke­de­mon­Si gag­zav­ni­li si­ra­ku­ze­li el­­
Ce­bi cdi­lob­dnen ita­li­e­li eli­ne­bic aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg
ga­newy­oT. ko­rin­TosSi el­Ce­bi da­be­ji­Te­biT iTx­ovdnen dax­ma­
re­bas. ko­rin­Te­le­bi maT Txov­nas si­a­mov­ne­biT ga­mo­ex­ma­ur­nen,
mag­ram ma­nam­de la­ke­de­mon­Si gag­zav­nes el­Co­ba, ra­Ta la­ke­de­
mo­ne­le­bic mi­em­xroT. iq ko­rin­Te­li el­Ce­bi alkibiades­sa da
mis am­xa­na­gebs Sex­vdnen. ise mox­da, rom alkibiadesi sa­xal­xo
kre­bas ima­ves ur­Cev­da, ra­sac ko­rin­Te­li da si­ra­ku­ze­li el­Ce­
bi iTx­ov­dnen. efo­reb­sa da sxva xe­li­su­falT sur­daT el­Ce­bis
gag­zav­na si­ra­ku­za­Si, ra­Ta isi­ni ar da­ne­be­bod­nen aTe­ne­lebs,
Tumca dax­ma­re­bis gag­zav­na ar un­do­daT. ma­Sin alkibiadesma
sa­xal­xo kre­bas ase mi­mar­Ta:
`pir­vel yov­li­sa, un­da giTx­raT ram­de­ni­me sity­va Cem mi­marT
wa­mo­ye­ne­bu­li bral­de­be­bis Se­sa­xeb, ra­Ta un­dob­lad ar mo­e­ki­
doT Cems wi­na­da­de­bebs. mar­Ta­li­a, Cem­ma wi­nap­reb­ma ua­ri Tqves
Tqven­Tan stu­mar­mas­pin­Zlo­ba­ze, magram me Tvi­Ton vcdi­lob­di
aR­med­gi­na igi da sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT ga­gi­wi­eT gar­kve­u­li sam­sa­xu­
ri, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT pi­los­Tan mar­cxis Sem­deg. Ce­mi me­gob­ro­bis
mi­u­xe­da­vad, Tqven sam­Svi­do­bo mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bebs Cems mo­wi­na­aR­
mde­ge­eb­Tan awar­mo­ebdiT da amiT maT sa­xe­li mo­ut
­ a­neT. ami­tom
bu­neb­ri­vi­a, rom me man­ti­ne­e­le­bis da ar­go­se­le­bis sa­sar­geb­lod
da Tqven ­wi­na­aR­mde­g vmoq­me­deb­di. Tu Ce­mi saq­ci­e­li Tqvens
ga­Ri­zi­a­ne­bas iw­vev­da, ax­la iciT amis mi­ze­zi da Se­giZ­li­aT
Se­ic­va­loT az­ri. is, rom me de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­xre var, ar un­da
iyos Tqveni uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bis sa­fuZ­ve­li. Cven, al­kme­o­ni­de­bi,
yo­vel­Tvis ti­ra­ni­as veb­rZo­diT. `de­mok­ra­ti­ad~ ki gves­mis
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yve­la­fe­ri, rac er­Ti ka­cis ba­to­no­bas upi­ris­pir­de­ba. ami­tom
Cven yo­vel­Tvis xal­xis momxre­Ta sa­Ta­ve­Si vi­ya­viT. de­mok­ra­ti­
is gan­vi­Ta­re­bas­Tan er­Tad Cvens qve­ya­na­Si gvi­wev­da gar­kve­ul
vi­Ta­re­bas­Tan Se­gu­e­ba. ma­inc de­mok­ra­ti­i­saT­vis da­ma­xa­si­a­Te­
be­li Ta­vaS­ve­bu­lo­bis sa­pi­ris­pi­rod Cven zo­mi­er
­ i po­li­ti­kis
mom­xre vi­ya­viT. mag­ram ro­gorc Cve­ni wi­nap­re­bis dros iy­vnen
ada­mi­a­ne­bi, vi­sac xal­xi sxva mi­mar­Tu­le­biT mih­yav­da, dRe­sac
ari­an de­ma­go­ge­bi. swo­red maT gan­mdev­nes me. Cven vi­de­qiT xal­
xis da ara ro­me­li­me par­ti­i­s sa­Ta­ve­Si da Cvens va­lad mig­vaC­nda
Seg­ve­nar­Cu­ne­bi­na is wyo­ba, ro­mel­mac sa­xel­mwi­fos Zli­e­re­ba
da Ta­vi­suf­le­ba mo­u­ta­na. ro­gorc yve­la sa­Rad mo­az­rov­nes,
Cvenc gves­mo­da, ra aris de­mok­ra­tia da me sxva­ze meti mizezi
ar maqvs, rom is vlan­ZRo. miuxedavad imisa, rom am sa­yo­vel­
Ta­od aRi­a­re­bul ugu­nu­re­ba­ze axals ve­ra­fers ity­vi, ma­inc
Cven sa­xi­fa­Tod mig­vaC­nda sa­xel­mwi­fo wyo­bis Sec­vla ma­Si­nac,
ro­de­sac Tqve­nis­Ta­na mtre­bi ka­rib­Wes­Tan dga­nan.
ai, sa­id
­ an gaC­nda ci­lis­mwa­meb­lu­ri bral­de­be­bi Cem wi­na­aR­
mdeg. ax­la ga­da­val gan­sa­xil­vel sa­kiTx­ze da, ra­ki ukeT var
Ca­xe­du­li saq­me­Si, Se­miZ­lia sa­sar­geb­lo rCe­va mog­ceT.
Cven ga­vi­laS­qreT si­ci­li­a­ze im ime­diT, rom da­vipy­rob­diT
iqa­ur qvey­nebs, Sem­deg da­vi­mor­Ci­leb­diT ita­li­el eli­nebs da
bo­los vec­de­bo­diT, dag­ve­mor­Ci­le­bi­na kar­Ta­ge­nis sam­flo­be­
lo­e­bi da Ta­vad kar­Ta­ge­ne­le­bi. Tu es ga­mo­vi­do­da, Cven Tavs
da­ves­xmo­diT pe­lo­po­ness ax­lad Se­Ze­nil mo­kav­Si­re­Ta mTe­li
Za­le­biT. Cven gvsur­da ag­reT­ve flo­tis gaZ­li­er
­ e­ba ita­li­a­Si
mra­va­li axa­li xo­mal­dis age­biT da am flo­tiT pe­lo­po­ne­sis
blo­ki­re­ba. ima­ve dros Cven vfiq­rob­diT, xme­le­Ti­dan Seg­ve­tia
Tqve­ni qa­la­qe­bis­Tvis, ag­ve­Ro Stur­miT er­Ti da al­ya­Si mog­veq­
cia sxve­bi. am­gva­rad Cven mo­vi­po­veb­diT ba­to­no­bas mTel eli­nur
samya­ro­ze. axa­li dapy­ro­be­bi mog­vcem­da sax­srebs am geg­me­bis
gan­sa­xor­ci­e­leb­lad. am cno­bas Tqven iRebT ka­cis­gan, vinc es
zus­tad icis. si­ci­li­a­Si dar­Ce­ni­li sar­dle­bi Se­ec­de­bi­an igi­
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ve ga­na­xor­ci­e­lon. Tu Tqven ax­la­ve ar da­ex­ma­re­biT si­ci­li­is
qvey­nebs, isi­ni aTe­nel­Ta Tav­das­xmebs ver ga­uZ­le­ben. mar­Ta­li­a,
si­ci­li­e­lebs ga­moc­di­le­ba ak­li­aT, mag­ram Tu ga­er­Ti­an­de­bi­an,
ga­dar­Ce­bi­an. mxo­lod si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT mas me­re,
rac ma­Ti laS­qa­ri da­mar­cxda, xo­lo isi­ni zRvi­dan aTe­nis flo­
tiT ari­an moW­ri­le­bi – ver SeZ­le­ben ga­um­klav­dnen aTe­ne­lebs.
Tu am qa­laqs ai­Re­ben, mTe­li si­ci­lia aTe­nel­Ta xel­Si aR­moC­
nde­ba. amas ki moh­yve­ba ita­li­is da­mor­Ci­le­ba. ami­tom saf­rTxe
Tqvenc ge­muq­re­baT. gax­sov­deT, rom saq­me mxo­lod si­ci­li­as
ki ar exe­ba, ara­med pe­lo­po­ne­s­sac. nu da­kar­gavT dros, sas­wra­
fod gag­zav­neT si­ci­li­a­Si hop­li­te­bi, rom­leb­sac me­niC­be­e­ba­
dac Se­uZ­li­aT sam­sa­xu­ri, ra­Ta gad­mos­xdo­mis Sem­deg ma­Sin­ve
Se­eZ­loT brZo­la­Si Cab­ma da, rac yve­la­ze mTa­va­ri­a, gag­zav­noT
spar­te­li sar­da­li. man un­da da­am­ya­ros laS­qar­Si dis­cip­li­
na. amiT ga­am­xne­vebT iqa­ur me­gob­rebs, xo­lo mer­yevebs Tqvens
mxa­re­ze gadmoiyvanT. aqac, ela­da­Si, aS­ka­rad un­da da­iwy­oT
sam­xed­ro moq­me­de­be­bi. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da­i­na­xa­ven, rom Tqven
isi­ni ar mi­a­to­veT, xo­lo aTe­ne­lebs ga­uW
­ ir­de­baT si­ci­li­a­ze
maS­ve­li Za­le­bis gag­zav­na. Tqven au­ci­leb­lad un­da ga­a­mag­roT
de­ke­lea ati­ka­Si, ri­sic aTe­ne­lebs Zal­ze eSi­ni­aT. es er­Ta­der­Ti
ube­du­re­ba­a, rac maT am om­Si jer ar ga­mo­uc­di­aT. es ma­Ti sus­ti
wer­ti­lia da Tvi­Ton amis Se­sa­xeb yve­la­ze kar­gad ici­an. mo­gax­
se­nebT, ra sar­ge­bels na­xavT Tqven de­ke­le­is ga­mag­re­biT da ra
zi­a­ni Se­giZ­li­aT mi­a­ye­noT amiT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges. Tqven xel­Si
Ca­ig­debT qvey­nis ma­ra­geb­sa da sax­srebs. aTe­ne­lebs mo­ak­lde­
baT Se­mo­sa­va­li lav­ri­o­nis ver­cxlis sa­ba­do­e­bi­dan, mi­wi­dan
da xo­mal­de­bi­dan. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT Sem­cir­de­ba xar­ki: ro­de­sac
mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i dar­wmun­de­bi­an, rom Tqven ga­dam­wyvet brZo­la­Si
Ca­e­biT, au­ci­leb­lad Se­uwy­ve­ten maT xar­kis ga­dax­das.
Tqven­zea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li, ram­de­nad swra­fad da ener­gi­u­lad
Se­ud­ge­biT am geg­mis gan­xor­ci­e­le­bas. me ki dar­wmu­ne­bu­li var,
rom is gan­xor­ci­e­le­ba­di­a. ime­di maqvs, Cem­ze cuds ar ifiq­rebT
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imis ga­mo, rom dRes Ce­mi sam­Sob­los da­uZ­ i­ne­bel mtreb­Tan er­Tad
Tavs ves­xmi mas. me ltol­vi­li var, mag­ram ga­vi­qe­ci Ce­mi mtre­bis
sul­mdab­lo­bis ga­mo da ara imi­tom, rom Tqven gem­sa­xu­roT. da­u­
Zi­ne­bel mtre­bad me gTvliT ara Tqven, rom­le­bic om­Si mtrebs
vnebT, ara­med maT, vinc aTens me­gob­re­bi da­a­kar­gvi­na. sa­nam me
mo­qa­la­qis uf­le­be­biT vsar­geb­lob­di, me miy­var­da sam­Sob­lo,
mag­ram mas me­re, rac mZi­me da da­um­sa­xu­re­be­li Se­u­racx­yo­fa
mo­ma­ye­nes, me aRar var pat­ri­o­ti. Tum­ca, vfiq­rob, rom ax­lac ar
miv­di­var sam­Sob­los wi­na­aR­mdeg, rad­gan is aRar maqvs. Tumca,
vcdi­lob kvlav mo­vi­po­vo igi. sam­Sob­los nam­dvi­li me­go­ba­ri
swo­red is aris, vinc mi­si usa­mar­Tlod da­kar­gvis Sem­degac
es­wraf­vis mis mo­po­ve­bas. am pi­ro­beb­Si Se­giZ­li­aT Cam­rToT
Tqvens sa­xi­fa­To da rTul wa­mowy­e­beb­Si. Tu me, ro­gorc mter­
ma, bev­ri zi­a­ni mo­gi­ta­neT, ax­la Sev­Zleb sa­sar­geb­lo me­go­ba­ri
gavxde. aTen­Si Cem­Tvis yve­la­fe­ri nacnobia, Tqven Se­sa­xeb ki
mxolod ra­Ra­cis mix­ved­ra Se­meZ­lo. Tqven iRebT ax­la um­niS­
vne­lo­va­nes ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bas. sas­wra­fod gag­zav­neT eq­spe­di­cia
si­ci­li­a­ze da ga­il
­ aS­qreT ati­ka­ze. pa­ta­ra raz­msac Tu dro­u­lad
mi­ax­marT, Tqven ga­da­ar­CenT did qa­laqs da da­am­xobT aTe­nel­Ta
Zli­er
­ e­bas. am­gva­rad, Tqven mSvi­dad da usaf­rTxod icx­ov­rebT
Tqvens qve­ya­na­Si da Ca­ud­ge­biT sa­Ta­ve­Si mTel ela­das, ro­me­lic
sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­bi­Ta da siy­va­ru­liT da­ge­mor­Ci­le­baT~.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ise­dac fiq­rob­dnen aTe­nis wi­na­aR­mdeg
ga­laS­qre­ba­ze, ax­la ki alkibiadesis sity­veb­ma ma­Ti ga­dawy­
ve­ti­le­ba ga­am­ya­ra. maT da­ad­gi­nes, ga­e­mag­re­bi­naT de­ke­lea da
ga­eg­zav­naT maS­ve­li Za­la si­ci­li­a­ze. sar­dlad gi­li­po­si da­niS­
nes da ub­rZa­nes, si­ra­ku­ze­leb­Tan da ko­rin­Te­leb­Tan mo­TaT­
bi­re­biT mi­e­Ro yve­la sa­Wi­ro zo­ma. gi­li­pos­ma ko­rin­Te­lebs
ge­me­bi mos­Txo­va da da­iwyo sazR­vao laS­qro­bis­Tvis sam­za­di­si.
si­ra­ku­ze­li el­Ce­bi Sin dab­run­dnen. ama­so­ba­Si aTen­Si Ca­vi­da
tri­e­ri, ro­me­lic sar­dleb­ma Tan­xi­sa da mxed­re­bis Ca­mo­say­
va­nad ga­ag­zav­nes. aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­is­mi­nes sar­dle­bis Txov­na da
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da­ad­gi­nes maT­Tvis dax­ma­re­bis gag­zav­na. ase das­rul­da zam­Ta­ri
da omis meC­vid­me­te we­li.
mom­dev­no ga­zaf­xuls aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­i­laS­qres ka­ta­na­dan da
da­ar­bi­es si­ra­ku­zis sa­na­pi­ro­eb
­ i. ukan dab­ru­ne­bu­lebs dax­vdaT
aTe­ni­dan ga­mog­zav­ni­li aR­Wur­vi­lo­ba oras or­moc­da­a­Ti mxed­
ri­saT­vis, oc­da­a­Ti mo­i­sa­ri mxe­da­ri da sa­ma­si ta­lan­ti ver­cxli.
ima­ve ga­zaf­xul­ze la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ga­i­laS­qres ar­gos­ze, mag­
ram mi­wis­Zvris ga­mo ukan dab­run­dnen. Sem­deg uk­ve ar­go­se­leb­ma
da­laS­qres Ti­res ol­qi da oc­da­xu­Ti ta­lan­tis Rirebulebis
na­dav­li ig­des xelT. zaf­xul­Si Tes­pi­el­Ta sa­xal­xo daj­gu­fe­
bam sca­da ajan­ye­ba, mag­ram wa­ru­ma­teb­lad. Te­bel­Ta dax­ma­re­biT
ajan­ye­bu­le­bi Se­ipy­res, sxveb­ma ki aTens Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi.
zaf­xul­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­i­ges, rom aTe­ne­lebs mxed­re­bi
Se­mo­e­mat­nen. isi­ni fiq­rob­dnen, rom Tu mters ar mi­uS­veb­dnen
qa­la­qis max­lob­lad mde­ba­re maRlobze – epi­po­la­ze, ma­Sin
ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­Txve­va­Sic ki aTe­ne­le­bi ver mo­a­xer­xeb­dnen
qa­la­qis sa­al­yo ked­liT Ca­ket­vas. her­mok­ra­tes­ma da mis­ma am­xa­
na­geb­ma laS­qris daT­va­li­er
­ e­ba ga­niz­ra­xes, epi­po­las da­sa­ca­
vad ki eq­vsa­si rCe­u­li hop­li­ti da­a­ye­nes an­dro­si­dan dev­ni­li
di­o­mi­lo­sis sar­dlo­biT.
wi­na Ra­miT aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­um­Cnev­lad gad­mos­xes sax­me­le­To
ja­ri qa­la­qi­dan eq­vsi Tu Svi­di sta­di­o­nis da­So­re­biT, xo­lo
flot­ma Taf­sos­Tan Ca­uS­va Ru­za. mezR­va­u­reb­ma kon­cxi ga­a­
mag­res, xo­lo sax­me­le­To laS­qa­ri swra­fi mar­SiT ga­e­mar­Ta
epi­po­las­ken da mim­de­ba­re bor­cvi ma­nam­de da­ik­ a­va, sa­nam si­ra­
ku­ze­le­bi amas Se­am­Cnev­dnen. do­mi­lo­si ga­e­mar­Ta maT Se­sax­
ved­rad, dab­lo­bi­dan ki da­nar­Ce­ni laS­qa­ric da­iZ­ra. maT di­di
man­Zi­li hqon­daT ga­sav­le­li da brZo­la­Si Car­Tva ise mo­u­wi­aT,
rom sa­Ta­na­dod ver da­ewy­vnen. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da­mar­cxdnen da
qa­laqs Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi, di­o­mi­lo­si da mi­si sa­ma­si meb­rZo­li ki
brZo­lis vel­ze da­ec­nen. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­
Tes da si­ra­ku­ze­lebs ma­Ti da­Ru­pu­le­bi da­ub­ru­nes.
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me­o­re dRes aTe­ne­le­bi qa­la­qis ked­leb­Tan mi­vid­nen, magram
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi maT Se­sax­ved­rad ar ga­mo­su­lan. ma­Sin aTe­ne­
leb­ma sur­sa­Ti­sa da aR­Wur­vi­lo­bis Se­sa­na­xad lab­da­los­Tan
epi­po­la­ze si­mag­re aa­ges.
ma­le aTe­ne­lebs mo­kav­Si­re­Ta oTx­a­si mxe­da­ri Se­u­er­Tda.
sa­ku­Tar mxed­reb­Tan er­Tad, vi­sac cxe­ne­bi ad­gil­ze Se­uZ
­ i­nes,
cxe­no­san­Ta ra­od
­ e­no­bam eq­vsa­s or­moc­da­aTs mi­aR­wi­a. aTe­ne­leb­
ma lab­da­los­Si gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­ves, si­ke­ze ga­e­mar­Tnen da iq
da­iwy­es ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ga­a­o­ca mSe­neb­lo­bis
tem­pma. maT ga­dawy­vi­tes, xe­li Se­e­Sa­laT aTe­nel­TaT­vis da ga­reT
ga­mo­vid­nen. mag­ram laS­qris mowy­o­ba ver mo­a­xer­xes da qa­laq­
Si Seb­run­dnen, aTe­nel­Ta Se­sa­wu­xeb­lad ki mxed­re­bi da­to­ves.
aTe­ne­li hop­li­te­bi da cxe­nos­ne­bi ie­riS­ze ga­da­vid­nen da uku­
aq­cies isi­ni. aTe­ne­leb­ma kvlav aR­mar­Tes ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni.
mom­dev­no dRes aTe­ne­leb­ma ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba ga­ag­rZe­les.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, aRar Ca­eg­doT laS­qa­ri saf­rTxe­Si.
maT sa­ku­Ta­ri ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba wa­mo­iwy­es, ro­me­lic aTe­ne­
lebs Se­af
­ er­xeb­da.
aTe­ne­le­bi xels ar uS­lid­nen si­ra­ku­ze­lebs mu­Sa­o­ba­Si, rad­
gan ar un­do­daT Za­le­bis daq­saq­sva, Ta­nac eC­qa­re­bo­daT sa­ku­Ta­ri
mSe­neb­lo­bis das­ru­le­ba. ro­de­sac si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­
tes, rom Sve­u­li ke­de­li da me­se­ri sa­i­me­do­a, maT da­to­ves iq
pa­ta­ra raz­mi, Tvi­Ton ki qa­laq­Si dab­run­dnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma jer
da­an­gri­es wyal­gay­va­ni­lo­ba, rom­li­Tac qa­la­qi wyliT ma­rag­de­
bo­da, Sem­deg ki xel­say­rel dros da­e­lod­nen da sa­ma­si rCe­u­li
meb­rZo­liT Tavs da­es­xnen si­ra­ku­zel­Ta ke­dels. hop­li­teb­ma
ie­ri­SiT ai­Res me­se­ri da mi­si dam­cve­le­bi ga­aq­ci­es. da­nar­Cen­ma
jar­ma ki da­an­gria ke­de­li, da­Sa­la me­se­ri da ma­sa­la ba­nak­Si wa­i­
Ro. Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes.
mom­dev­no dRes aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­ag­rZe­les ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­
ba, si­ra­ku­ze­leb­mac ga­na­ax­les mes­ris mowy­o­ba da mis gas­wvriv
Txri­lic amoTx­a­res, ra­Ta aTe­ne­lebs ke­de­li zRvam­de ver
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mi­ey­va­naT. aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­ut
­ i­es me­ser­sa da Txrils. xo­mal­debs
ub­rZa­nes, Taf­so­si­dan si­ra­ku­zis did nav­sad­gur­Si ga­da­su­liy­
vnen. TviT aTe­ne­le­bi ki gam­Te­ni­i­sas epi­po­la­dan dab­lob­Si
da­eS­vnen. maT far­To fic­re­bis dax­ma­re­biT ga­da­i­a­res Wa­o­bi
da mzis amos­vlis­Tvis da­e­uf­lnen me­ser­sa da Txrils. brZo­
la­Si upi­ra­te­so­ba kvlav aTe­nel­Ta mxa­re­ze iyo. si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
mar­jve­na frTa qa­la­qis­ken ga­iq­ca, mar­cxe­nam ki mdi­na­ris­ken
da­i­xia. aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­ma­si rCe­u­li hop­li­ti gag­zav­nes xi­dis­
ken, ra­Ta mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis­Tvis gza mo­eW­raT. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma
maT wi­na­aR­mdeg Ta­vi­an­Ti mxed­re­bis di­di na­wi­li gag­zav­nes.
mxed­reb­ma mo­a­xer­xes aTe­nel­Ta ukuq­ce­va da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis
mar­jve­na frTas Se­u­ti­es. es rom da­i­na­xa la­ma­qos­ma, mSvil­dos­
ne­bi­sa da ar­go­se­le­bis mci­re raz­miT da­sax­ma­reb­lad gas­wi­a.
mag­ram ma­xe­Si mo­eq­ca da da­i­Ru­pa. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma da­Ru­pu­le­bi
usaf­rTxo ad­gi­las ga­da­as­ve­nes, xo­lo aTe­nel­Ta Zi­ri­Ta­di
raz­me­bis mos­vlis Sem­deg ukan da­i­xi­es.
war­ma­te­bam qa­laq­Si gaq­ce­u­li si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ga­am­xne­va.
isi­ni kvlav ga­mo­vid­nen da aTe­nel­Ta mar­cxe­na frTis win sab­
rZo­lod mo­ewy­vnen. maT raz­mi gaag­zav­nes epi­po­las Se­mov­li­Ti
ked­lis wi­na­aR­mdeg, rad­gan ime­di hqon­daT, rom dac­vis ga­re­Se
dar­Ce­nil ke­dels ai­Reb­dnen. mar­Tlac, maT mo­a­xer­xes ked­lis
pa­ta­ra mo­nak­ve­Tis xel­Si Cag­de­ba, mag­ram isi­ni Se­a­Ce­ra ni­ki­
as­ma, ro­me­lic avad­myo­fo­bis ga­mo iq dar­Ce­ni­liyo. ni­ki­as­ma
ub­rZa­na msa­xu­rebs, cecx­li wa­e­ki­de­bi­naT sa­al­yo man­qa­ne­bi­sa
da xis ma­sa­li­saT­vis. meb­rZo­le­bis ga­re­Se mas sxva ga­mo­sa­va­li
ar hqon­da. cecx­lma Se­a­Ce­ra si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da maT ukan da­ix­ i­es.
ama­so­ba­Si ke­del­Tan aTe­nel­Ta raz­mi mo­vi­da, xo­lo es­kad­ram
Taf­so­si­dan did nav­sad­gur­Si ga­da­i­nac­vla. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma
sas­wra­fod Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi qa­laqs. maT uk­ve aRar Se­eZ­loT
ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­bis­Tvis xe­lis SeS­la.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes da si­ra­ku­ze­
lebs da­Ru­pu­le­bi ga­das­ces, maT­gan ki la­ma­qo­si­sa da mi­si
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mxleb­le­bis cxed­re­bi da­ib­ru­nes. ro­de­sac yve­la Za­las Ta­vi
mo­u­ya­res, aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes si­ra­ku­zis or­ma­gi ked­liT
moW­ra. sur­sa­Ti ja­ris­Tvis mTe­li ita­li­i­dan mo­di­o­da. si­kul­
Ta sxva­das­xva to­mi, vinc aqam­de yoy­ma­nob­da, ax­la aTe­ne­lebs
Se­u­er­Tda. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma TiT­qmis da­kar­ges qa­la­qis ga­dar­
Ce­nis ime­di, rad­gan pe­lo­po­ne­si­da­nac ki ara­fe­ri is­mo­da. maT
So­ris ga­moC­nda xal­xi, vinc mSvi­do­bas iTx­ov­da. maT ni­ki­as­Tan
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bac da­iwyes. mag­ram saq­me Se­Tan­xme­bam­de ver mi­vi­da.
ama­so­ba­Si gi­li­po­si da ko­rin­Tu­li ge­me­bi lev­ka­di­dan si­ci­
li­is­ken mo­e­mar­Te­bod­nen. maT mo­u­vi­daT cno­ba, rom si­ra­ku­za
al­ya­Si iyo. gi­li­pos­ma da­kar­ga si­ci­li­is Se­nar­Cu­ne­bis ime­di da
ax­la mxo­lod ita­li­is ga­dar­Ce­na­ze fiq­rob­da. TviT gi­li­po­si
da ko­rin­Te­li pi­Te­ni ta­ren­tSi ga­e­mar­Tnen. da­nar­Cen ko­rin­Te­
lebs ki da­ma­te­bi­Ti xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­va ub­rZa­nes. gi­li­pos­ma
sca­da, mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi mo­e­po­ve­bi­na ita­li­a­Si, mag­ram uSe­de­god.
ni­ki­as­ma mSvi­dad mi­iR
­ o cno­ba gi­li­po­sis mo­ax­lo­e­bis Se­sa­xeb.
xo­mal­de­bis am ra­o­de­no­biT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge mxo­lod me­kob­rul
Tav­das­xmebs Tu mo­awy­ob­da. ami­tom ni­ki­ass usaf­rTxo­eb
­ is ara­
vi­Ta­ri da­ma­te­bi­Ti zo­me­bi ar mi­u­Ri­a.
im zaf­xuls la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bma ar­go­sis mi­wa aa­ox­res. aTe­­ne­
leb­ma ar­go­se­le­bis da­sax­ma­reb­lad oc­da­a­Ti xo­maldi gag­zav­
nes, ri­Tac aS­ka­rad da­ar­Rvi­es la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan sam­Svi­do­bo
Se­Tan­xme­ba. aqam­de isi­ni mxo­lod ya­Ca­Rur Tav­das­xmebs awy­ob­
dnen pi­lo­si­dan. isi­ni ar eka­re­bod­nen la­ko­ni­is sa­na­pi­ro­ebs da
mxo­lod pe­lo­po­ne­sis sxva na­wi­leb­Si ib­rZod­nen ro­gorc ar­go­
sel­Ta da man­ti­ne­el­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i. ax­la isi­ni gad­mos­xdnen
la­ko­ni­a­Si da qvey­nis rbe­va da­iwy­es, ri­Tac la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
sa­fuZ­ve­li mis­ces imis sam­tki­ceb­lad, rom es uka­nas­knel­ni aTe­
nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg Tav­dac­viT oms awar­mo­e­ben. aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­
de­bis la­ko­ni­i­dan, xo­lo la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ar­go­si­dan was­vlis
Sem­deg ar­go­se­le­bi fle­iu
­ n­tSi Se­iW­rnen da qve­ya­na aa­ox­res.
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meS­vi­de wig­ni
gi­li­pos­ma da pi­Ten­ma ama­so­ba­Si uf­ro sar­wmu­no cno­be­bi
mi­i­Res si­ra­ku­zi­dan: sa­al­yo ke­de­li jer ar iyo das­ru­le­bu­li
da epi­po­las mxri­dan SeiZleboda qa­laq­Si SeR­we­va. sar­dle­bi
bWob­dnen, ro­me­li gza aer­Ci­aT. bo­los ga­dawy­da, gi­me­ra­Si
wa­su­liy­vnen. isi­ni asc­dnen ni­ki­a­sis mi­er maT wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­mog­
zav­nil ati­kur xo­mal­debs da re­gi­o­si­sa da me­se­nas gav­liT
gi­me­ra­Si Ca­vid­nen. gi­li­pos­ma da pi­Ten­ma amo­aT­ri­es xo­mal­de­bi
na­pir­ze da ad­gi­lob­ri­ve­bi da­i­yo­li­es, cocx­a­li Za­li­Ta da
ia­ra­RiT dax­ma­re­bod­nen maT. maT se­li­un­te­leb­sac mos­Txo­ves
dax­ma­re­ba. maT mi­eS­vel­nen ag­reT­ve ge­la da si­ku­le­bi, ro­mel­
Ta na­wi­lic la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs mi­em­xro me­fe ar­qo­ni­da­sis gar­
dac­va­le­bis Sem­deg. am­de­nad, gi­li­pos­ma si­ra­ku­za­ze Sem­de­gi
Za­le­biT ga­i­laS­qra: Svi­da­si la­ke­de­mo­ne­li sazR­vao qve­i­Ti,
aTa­si hop­li­ti da msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­iT
­ i da asi mxe­da­
ri gi­me­ra­dan, msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Te­bi se­li­un­ti­dan
da ge­la­dan, da­ax­lo­e­biT aTa­si si­ku­li.
ko­rin­Te­leb­ic lev­ka­da­dan Ta­vi­si xo­mal­de­biT si­ra­ku­zel­
Ta da­sax­ma­reb­lad wavidnen. ma­Ti pir­ve­li xo­mal­di swo­red
ma­Sin Ca­vi­da, ro­de­sac sa­xal­xo kre­ba omis Sewy­ve­tis Se­sa­xeb
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ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bas api­reb­da. maS­vel­ma Za­lam ga­am­xne­va
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da isi­ni qa­la­qi­dan ga­vid­nen gi­li­po­sis Se­sax­ved­
rad. is ki am dro­i­saT­vis epi­po­las mo­ad­ga ima­ve mxri­dan, sa­i­
da­nac ad­re – aTe­ne­le­bi. gi­li­pos­ma da si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma er­Tad
Se­u­ti­es aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­re­ebs. is swo­red im dros ga­moC­nda,
ro­de­sac aTe­ne­leb­ma da­as­ru­les ked­lis did nav­sad­gu­ram­de
Svi­di Tu rva sta­di­o­nis sig­rZe­ze mSe­neb­lo­ba da pa­ta­ra mo­nak­
ve­Ti­Ra hqon­daT dar­Ce­ni­li, ked­lis da­nar­Ce­ni na­wi­li­saT­vis
ki ma­sa­la uk­ve gam­za­de­bu­li hqon­daT. ase­Ti saf­rTxis wi­na­SeE
iyo si­ra­ku­za.
mtris mo­u­lod­nel­ma ga­mo­Ce­nam jer da­af­rTxo aTe­ne­le­bi,
mag­ram ma­le isi­ni sab­rZo­lod mo­ewy­vnen ked­leb­Tan. gi­li­pos­ma
maT mac­ne ga­ug­zav­na da si­ci­li­is xuT dRe­Si da­to­ve­ba mos­Txo­
va. aTe­ne­leb­ma es wi­na­da­de­ba upa­su­xod da­to­ves.
gi­li­po­si xe­dav­da, rom si­ra­ku­zel­Ta ri­geb­Si wes­ri­gis dam­
ya­re­ba Zne­li iq­ne­bo­da, ami­tom uf­ro Ria ad­gi­lis­ken da­i­xi­a.
ni­ki­a­si ar da­e­dev­na mters da ked­leb­Tan dar­Ca. gi­li­po­sis
jar­ma Ra­me bor­cvze ga­a­Ti­a. me­o­re di­liT is kvlav mo­ad­ga
aTe­nel­Ta ked­lebs, ra­Ta aTe­ne­le­bi ver mix­ma­re­bod­nen Ta­vis
na­wi­lebs sxva ad­gi­las. pa­ta­ra raz­mi man lab­da­lo­sis wi­na­aR­
mdeg ga­g­zav­na, ai­Ro igi da tyvee­bi da­xo­ca. ima­ve dRes si­ra­
ku­ze­leb­ma did nav­sad­gur­Si Ru­za­ze mdgo­mi aTe­nu­ri tri­e­ri
Ca­ig­des xelT.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­Tan er­Tad da­iwy­es ked­lis Se­ne­
ba epi­po­la­ze, ra­Ta aTe­nel­TaT­vis xe­li Se­e­Sa­laT. aTe­ne­lebs
zRvas­Tan mSe­neb­lo­ba uk­ve das­ru­le­bu­li hqon­daT da ax­la
am ad­gils mis­dgo­mod­nen. aTe­nel­Ta ked­lis er­Ti na­wi­li jer
ki­dev sus­ti iyo. swo­red aq mi­i­ta­na gi­li­pos­ma Ra­miT ie­ri­Si.
aTe­ne­leb­ma dro­u­lad Se­am­Cni­es mteri da mis Se­sax­ved­rad ga­mo­
vid­nen. gi­li­pos­ma ukan da­i­xi­a. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­a­mag­res ked­lis es
mo­nak­ve­Ti da Ta­vis Tav­ze ai­Res mi­si dac­va, mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ki sxva
ad­gi­leb­Si ga­na­la­ges. ni­ki­as­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta ga­e­mag­re­bi­na kon­cxi,
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ro­me­lic di­di nav­sad­gu­ris Se­sas­vlel­Si mde­ba­re­ob­da. amiT is
sur­sa­TiT mo­ma­ra­ge­bis ga­um­jo­be­se­bas va­ra­u­dob­da. flo­tic
uf­ro ax­los Ca­uS­veb­da Ru­zas, ax­la ki mas mtris ga­mo­Ce­ni­sas
zRva­Si gas­vla uf­ro So­re­u­li ad­gi­li­dan uwev­da. sa­er­Tod,
ni­ki­as­ma me­ti yu­radR­e­ba da­uT­mo sazR­vao moq­me­de­bebs, rad­gan
gi­li­po­sis mos­vlis me­re xme­leT­ze war­ma­te­bis nak­le­bi ime­di
dar­Ca. man ja­ris na­wi­li da xo­mal­de­bi kon­cxze ga­da­iy­va­na da iq
sa­mi si­mag­re aa­go. iq un­da gan­Tav­se­bu­li­yo aR­Wur­vi­lo­bi­sa da
sur­sa­Tis sawy­o­bi da iq­ve Ca­uS­veb­dnen Ru­zas sat­vir­To ge­me­bi
da swraf­ma­va­li tri­e­re­bi. mag­ram am ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bam maT axa­
li gan­sac­de­li mo­u­ta­na. sas­me­li wya­li So­ri­dan gax­da sa­zi­di
da wyal­sa da fiCx­ze ga­sul mezR­va­u­rebs si­ra­ku­ze­li mxed­re­bi
es­xmod­nen Tavs. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma cxe­nos­ne­bis na­wi­li zev­sis sam­
loc­ve­los­Tan ga­na­la­ges, ra­Ta kon­cxis gar­ni­zo­ni ekon­tro­
le­bi­naT. ama­so­ba­Si ni­ki­as­ma Se­ityo ko­rin­Tel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis
mo­ax­lo­e­bis Se­sa­xeb da maT wi­na­aR­mdeg oci xo­mal­di gag­zav­na.
am dros gi­li­po­si aTe­ne­le­bis mo­ma­ra­ge­bu­li ma­sa­liT ke­dels
aSe­neb­da epi­po­la­ze. amas­Tan er­Tad, mas xSi­rad ga­moh­yav­da si­ra­
ku­ze­le­bi da mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi da maT sab­rZo­lod awy­ob­da ke­del­
Tan. aTe­ne­le­bic maT pi­ris­pir ewy­o­bod­nen. ro­de­sac gi­li­pos­ma
ga­dawy­vi­ta, rom uk­ve moq­me­de­bis dro dad­ga, Se­ut
­ ia mters.
xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la ked­lebs So­ris ga­im­ ar­Ta da si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
cxe­no­sa­ni ja­ri usar­geb­lo aR­moC­nda. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da­mar­
cxdnen. maT da­za­ve­bis Sem­deg da­ib­ru­nes da­Ru­pu­le­bi, xo­lo
aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes. ma­Sin gi­li­pos­ma ja­ri
Sek­ri­ba da ga­nacx­a­da, rom Tvi­Ton iyo da­mar­cxe­bis mi­ze­zi. ami­
tom igi kvlav wa­va mtris wi­na­aR­mdeg. igi ar­wmu­neb­da me­om­rebs,
rom isi­ni sab­rZo­lo Za­li­Ta da Se­i­a­ra­Re­biT ar Ca­mo­u­var­de­
bod­nen mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges, xo­lo si­ma­ma­ciT aRe­ma­te­bod­nen maT.
man Se­ar­Cia xel­say­re­li dro da kvlav Se­ut
­ ia mters. ni­ki­ass
es­mo­da, rom yve­la Sem­Txve­va­Si un­da Se­e­Sa­la xe­li si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­bis­Tvis, rad­gan, Tu aTe­ne­le­bi Ta­vis sa­mu­Sa­os
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ver da­as­ru­leb­dnen, sa­bo­loo miz­nis­Tvis er­Ti fa­si eq­ne­bo­da,
mo­i­po­veb­dnen isi­ni yo­vel jer­ze ga­mar­jve­bas wvril­-wvril
brZo­leb­Si, Tu sa­er­Tod ity­od­nen brZo­la­ze uars. ami­tom
aTe­ne­le­bi mtris Se­sax­ved­rad ga­vid­nen. gi­li­pos­ma am­je­rad
Ta­vi­si hop­li­te­bi ked­li­dan mo­So­re­biT ga­na­la­ga, cxe­nos­ne­
bi da Su­bis mtyor­cne­le­bi ki Ria ad­gi­las da­a­ye­na aTe­nel­Ta
flan­gze. maT uku­aq­ci­es aTe­nel­Ta mar­cxe­na flan­gi, Sem­deg
ki – mTe­li laS­qa­ric. mom­dev­no Ra­mes si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma mi­iy­va­
nes Ta­vi­si ke­de­li aTe­nel­Ta ked­lis xa­zis miR­ma. ami­e­ri­dan
maT mSvi­dad Se­eZ­loT ga­eg­rZe­le­bi­naT sa­mu­Sa­o, aTe­ne­lebs ki
mo­us­pes qa­la­qis al­ya­Si moq­ce­vis ime­di.
ko­rin­Tel­Ta Tor­me­ti xo­mal­di ga­us­xlta aTe­ne­lebs da
Se­vi­da si­ra­ku­zis did nav­sad­gur­Si. am xo­mal­de­bis eki­pa­Ji
da­ex­ma­ra si­ra­ku­ze­lebs ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­bis gag­rZe­le­ba­Si.
gi­li­po­si ki ga­e­mar­Ta si­ci­li­is sxva ol­qeb­Si, ra­Ta maS­ve­li
Za­la da axa­li mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i mo­ep­ o­ve­bi­na. maS­ve­li Za­la la­ke­de­
mon­sa da ko­rin­Tsac sTxo­ves. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­mac da­iwy­es Ta­vi­si
xo­mal­de­bis­Tvis xal­xis Sek­re­ba da wvrTna, ra­Ta aTe­ne­lebs
zRvi­da­nac das­xmod­nen Tavs.
ni­ki­a­si xe­dav­da, rom mtris Za­la dRi­TidRe iz­rde­bo­da,
xo­lo aTe­nel­Ta mdgo­ma­re­o­ba sul uf­ro rTu­li xde­bo­da. man
Sik­ri­ke­bi gag­zav­na aTen­Si moTx­ov­niT – an ga­ew­vi­aT laS­qa­ri
si­ci­li­i­dan, an mniS­vne­lo­va­ni maS­ve­li Za­la ga­mo­eg­zav­naT.
ni­ki­a­si ar en­do bo­lom­de Sik­ri­kebs da Ta­vi­si wi­na­da­de­be­bi maT
we­ri­lo­bi­Ti for­mi­Tac ga­a­ta­na: ime­di hqon­da, rom aTe­ne­le­bi
ukeT ga­er­kve­od­nen saq­mis vi­Ta­re­ba­Si, Tu uSu­a­lod mis azrs
ga­ec­no­bod­nen. ni­ki­a­si sar­dlis mo­va­le­o­bis Ses­ru­le­bi­sas
cdi­lob­da gaf­rTxi­le­bo­da laS­qars da, Tu di­di sa­Wi­ro­e­ba
ar iyo, mas saf­rTxe­Si ar ag­deb­da.
ima­ve zaf­xu­lis mi­wu­ruls aTe­nel­Ta sar­dal­ma eve­ti­on­ma
da per­di­kam Tra­ki­el­Ta di­di ja­riT am­fi­po­lis­ze ga­il
­ aS­qres.
qa­la­qis aRe­ba maT ver mo­ax
­ er­xes da mi­si al­ya da­iwy­es.
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zam­Tris da­sawy­is­Si aTen­Si ni­ki­a­sis Sik­ri­ke­bi Ca­vid­nen da
sa­xal­xo kre­bas ga­ac­nes mi­si we­ri­li:
`ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­sa­Re­bad Tqven un­da ico­deT, raoden
rTul mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si aR­mov­CndiT: mas me­re, rac si­ra­ku­ze­leb­
Tan TiT­qmis yve­la brZo­la­Si ga­vi­mar­jveT da sa­al­yo si­mag­re
ava­Se­neT, aq Ca­mo­vi­da la­ke­de­mo­ne­li gi­li­po­si pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta
da si­ci­li­el­Ta laS­qriT. pir­vel brZo­la­Si Cven ga­vi­mar­jveT,
xo­lo me­o­re­Si cxe­nos­ne­bi­sa da Su­bis mtyor­cne­le­bis da­wo­
lis Se­de­gad iZu­le­bu­le­bi vi­ya­viT, si­mag­re­Si dag­ve­xi­a. ax­la
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­bis ga­mo Sev­wyvi­teT
ked­lis mSe­neb­lo­ba da umoq­me­dod varT. ama­so­ba­Si mter­ma
Cven wi­na­aR­mdeg aa­Se­na ke­de­li, ris ga­moc qa­la­qis al­yas ver
da­vas­ru­lebT, Tu vin­me ar mo­va di­di laS­qriT da ar da­i­ka­vebs
am Sve­ul ke­dels. ise mox­da, rom Ta­vad aR­mov­CndiT al­ya­Si:
mtris cxe­nos­ne­bis Si­SiT ba­na­ki­dan Sors ver gav­di­varT.
gar­da ami­sa, mter­ma pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan ga­mo­iTx­o­va dax­ma­re­ba,
xo­lo gi­li­po­si si­ci­li­a­ze ag­ro­vebs maS­vel Za­las. ram­de­na­dac
ga­vi­ge, mte­ri api­rebs Tavs da­es­xas Cvens si­mag­res xme­le­Ti­da­
nac da zRvi­da­nac. nu ga­gak­vir­vebT zRvi­dan Tav­das­xmis az­ri.
mar­Tlac, Cve­ni flo­ti Ta­vi­dan mSve­ni­er mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si iyo:
xo­mal­de­bi – mSra­li da eki­pa­Ji – sru­li Se­mad­gen­lo­biT. ax­la
xo­mal­de­bi wyliT ga­iJ­Rin­Ta, eki­pa­Ji ki SeTx­el­da. xo­mal­de­bi
ga­saS­ro­bad na­pir­ze ver amog­vyavs, rad­gan mud­mi­vad mtris
Tav­das­xmas ve­liT. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis ge­me­bi Ta­vi­suf­lad ma­nev­
ri­re­ben da maTzea da­mo­ki­de­bu­li, Tavs dag­ves­xan Tu xo­mal­
de­bi ga­aS­ron.
me­ti xo­mal­di rom gvyav­des da isi­ni ar un­de­bod­nen Tval­
Tvals, ma­inc gag­vi­Wir­de­bo­da wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ga­we­va. Tu
xo­mal­de­bis na­wils Tval­Tva­lis­gan ga­va­Ta­vi­suf­lebT, sur­sa­
TiT mo­ma­ra­ge­ba Seg­viwy­de­ba. ax­lac di­di ga­Wir­ve­biT va­xer­xebT
mis Se­mo­ta­nas. eki­pa­Je­bis Se­mad­gen­lo­ba ki imi­tom Sem­cir­da,
rom ba­na­ki­dan wyal­ze an fiCx­ze ga­su­lebs cxe­nos­ne­bi xo­ca­
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ven. mas me­re, rac upi­ra­te­so­ba dav­kar­geT, Cve­ni msa­xu­re­bi da
mo­qi­rav­ne­e­bi gar­bi­an.
Se­gax­se­nebT, rom xo­mal­dis eki­pa­Ji sa­ni­mu­So mdgo­ma­re­o­
ba­Si co­ta xniT im­yo­fe­ba. mag­ram Cem­Tvis Zi­ri­Ta­di sir­Tu­le
ima­Si­a, rom ar Se­miZ­lia mdgo­ma­re­o­bis Sec­vla. ar vi­ci, sa­i­dan
Se­vav­so eki­pa­Je­bi. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba ki, am mxriv,
amo­u­wu­ra­vi­a. Cven mxo­lod im xal­xis ime­diT varT, vinc aq
Ca­mo­viy­va­neT. naq­so­si da ka­ta­na, rom­le­bic jer ki­dev Cvens
mxa­re­ze ari­an, ver dagvex­ma­re­bian. Se­iZ­le­ba Seg­viwy­des mo­ma­
ra­ge­ba ita­li­i­dan da ma­Sin ub­rZol­ve­lad da­ne­be­ba mog­vi­wevs.
me Se­meZ­lo Tqven­Tvis uf­ro sa­si­a­mov­no cno­be­bic mo­me­wo­
de­bi­na, mag­ram, vfiq­rob, swo­ri ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­sa­Re­bad
Tqven zus­ti mo­na­ce­me­bi gWir­de­baT. gar­da ami­sa, vic­nob Tqvens
xa­si­aTs, Tqven mxo­lod sa­si­am
­ ov­no am­be­bis mos­me­na gsurT da
Sem­deg, ro­de­sac saq­me cu­dad wa­va, sxvas ada­na­Sa­u­lebT. me
uf­ro usaf­rTxod mi­viC­ni­e, ar da­me­ma­la si­mar­Tle.
rac Se­e­xe­ba Tav­da­pir­vel amo­ca­nas, gar­wmu­nebT, rom
ro­gorc ri­giT­ma me­om­reb­ma, ase­ve sar­dleb­ma va­li pa­ti­os­
nad mo­ix
­ a­des da ar imsaxureben say­ve­du­rs. mag­ram ax­la mTe­
li si­ci­lia er­Ti­an­de­ba Cvens wi­na­aR­mdeg da pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan
maS­vel Za­las elis. Cven aRar Seg­viZ­lia ar­se­bu­li Za­le­biT
mters wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba ga­vu­wi­oT. ami­tom Tqven an un­da ga­iw­vi­oT
laS­qa­ri Sin, an ga­mog­vig­zav­noT mniS­vne­lo­va­ni sax­me­le­To da
sazR­vao Za­la, ag­reT­ve – di­di fu­li. bo­los, gTxovT, mi­po­voT
Sem­cvle­li, rad­gan Tir­km­le­bis da­a­va­de­bis ga­mo aq ve­Rar dav­
rCe­bi. Tqve­ni gu­lis­xmi­e­re­bis ime­di maqvs. sa­nam jan­mrTe­li
vi­ya­vi, pa­ti­os­nad gem­sa­xu­reT. mi­Re­bu­li ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­be­bi
sas­wra­fod Se­as­ru­leT ga­zaf­xu­lis dad­go­mis­Ta­na­ve, rad­gan
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge ma­le mi­i­Rebs dax­ma­re­bas~.
aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­is­mi­nes ni­ki­a­sis gzav­ni­li da ga­dawy­vi­tes,
igi Ta­nam­de­bo­ba­ze da­e­to­ve­bi­naT. dam­xma­re Za­lis Cas­vlam­
de mas ori Ta­na­Sem­we da­u­niS­nes, ra­Ta sar­dlo­bis tvir­Ti
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Se­em­su­bu­qe­bi­naT. ga­dawy­da, da­ma­te­biT ga­eg­zav­naT flo­ti
da qve­i­Ti ja­ri de­mos­Te­nesis da ev­ri­me­do­nis sar­dlo­biT.
ev­ri­me­do­ni aTi xo­mal­di­Ta da oci ta­lan­ti ver­cxliT sas­
wra­fod ga­em­gzav­ra.
de­mos­Te­nesi aTen­Si dar­Ca da ga­zaf­xul­ze wa­sas­vle­lad
em­za­de­bo­da: man mo­kav­Si­re­ebs ja­ris ga­mog­zav­na mos­Txo­va,
aTen­Si ki fuls, aR­Wur­vi­lo­bas, xo­mal­deb­sa da hop­li­tebs
ag­ro­veb­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma gag­zav­nes oci xo­mal­dis­gan Sem­dga­
ri es­kad­ra pe­lo­po­ne­sis wyleb­Si, ra­Ta si­ci­li­a­ze maS­ve­li
Za­lis gag­zav­nis­Tvis xe­li Se­e­Sa­laT. mar­Tlac, ko­rin­TosSi
si­ci­li­i­dan sa­si­xa­ru­lo cno­be­bis Ca­mos­vlis Sem­deg ko­rin­
Te­le­bi gam­xnev­dnen da iq hop­li­te­bis gag­zav­nas api­reb­dnen.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­sac un­da ga­eg­zav­naT hop­li­te­bi. gar­da ami­sa,
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma oc­da­xu­Ti xo­mal­di aR­Wur­ves nav­paq­tos­ze
Tav­da­sas­xme­lad, ra­Ta aTe­ne­lebs ma­Ti sat­ran­spor­to ge­me­
bis­Tvis gza ar ga­da­e­Ro­baT.
ase­ve em­za­de­bod­nen la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ati­ka­Si Se­saW­re­lad.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da ko­rin­Te­le­bi sTxov­dnen maT amas, ra­Ta si­ci­
li­a­Si aTe­nel­Ta axa­li eq­spe­di­ci­is gag­zav­na Se­e­yov­ne­bi­naT.
alkibiadesic ur­Cev­da maT, ga­e­mag­re­bi­naT de­ke­lea da da­ewy­oT
omi. mTa­va­ri ki is iyo, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­bis
rwme­na da­ib­ru­nes. isi­ni fiq­rob­dnen, rom aTe­ne­lebs io­lad
da­a­mar­cxeb­dnen, rad­gan maT or fron­tze uwev­daT brZo­la.
maT am­xne­veb­da isic, rom am­je­rad aTe­ne­leb­ma da­ar­Rvi­es sam­
Svi­do­bo xel­Sek­ru­le­ba. wi­na om­Si, pi­ri­qiT, xel­Sek­ru­le­ba
Tvi­Ton da­ar­Rvi­es, rad­gan Te­be­le­bi da­es­xnen Tavs pla­te­as,
xo­lo Tvi­Ton ar isur­ves aTe­ne­leb­Tan da­vis sa­sa­mar­Tlo­Si
ga­dawy­ve­ta. ami­tom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Ta­vis marcxs dam­sa­xu­re­
bu­lad miiC­nev­dnen. mas me­re, rac aTe­nel­Ta oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di
ar­go­si­dan la­ke­de­mons Tavs da­es­xa, xel­Sek­ru­le­bis dam­rRve­vi
uk­ve aTe­ni gax­da. ima­ve zam­Tars la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­ebs
mos­Txo­ves ma­sa­la da ia­ra­Ri de­ke­le­as ga­sa­mag­reb­lad. amas­Tan,
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da­iwy­es laS­qris Seg­ro­ve­ba si­ci­li­a­ze ga­sam­gzav­reb­lad. ase
das­rul­da omis meT­vra­me­te we­li.
ga­zaf­xu­lis dad­go­mis­Ta­na­ve la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi agi­sis sar­
dlo­biT ati­ka­Si Se­iW­rnen. maT aa­ox­res dab­lo­bi da mi­si mi­da­
mo­e­bi, xo­lo Sem­deg da­iwy­es de­ke­le­a­Si si­mag­ris mSe­neb­lo­ba.
de­ke­lea aTe­ni­dan da­ax­lo­eb
­ iT as o­ci sta­di­o­ni­Taa da­So­re­bu­
li. od­nav nak­le­bi man­Zi­lia iqi­dan be­ot
­ i­is sazR­vram­de. sa­nam
mSe­neb­lo­ba mi­di­o­da, pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan si­ci­li­a­ze hop­li­te­bi
gag­zav­nes: eq­vsa­si la­ke­de­mo­ne­li, sa­ma­si be­o­ti­e­li, xu­Ta­si
ko­rin­Te­li da ora­si si­ki­o­ne­li. jer ki­dev zam­Tar­Si aR­Wur­
vi­li oc­da­xu­Ti ko­rin­Tosu­li xo­mal­di nav­paq­tos­Tan id­ga
oci ati­ku­ri xo­mal­dis pi­ris­pir, sa­nam hop­li­teb­ma sat­vir­To
ge­me­biT ar da­to­ves pe­lo­po­ne­si.
sa­nam la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi de­ke­le­as amag­reb­dnen, aTe­ne­leb­ma
qa­rik­le­sis sar­dlo­biT oc­da­a­Ti xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes ar­gos­Si,
ra­Ta, xel­Sek­ru­le­bis Ta­nax­mad, ar­go­se­li hop­li­te­bi wa­mo­ey­
va­naT. aTe­ne­leb­ma si­ci­li­a­ze gag­zav­nes de­mos­Te­nesi, sa­mo­ci
aTe­nu­ri, xu­Ti qi­o­su­ri xo­mal­di­Ta da aTas ora­si hop­li­
tiT. de­mos­Te­nesi jer un­da mix­ma­re­bo­da qa­rik­less la­ko­ni­is
da­laS­qvra­Si.
ga­zaf­xul­ze gi­li­po­si dab­run­da si­ra­ku­za­Si si­ci­li­a­ze
Seg­ro­vi­li maS­ve­li Za­le­biT, Sem­deg man si­ra­ku­ze­lebs mos­
Txo­va aRe­Wur­vaT rac Se­iZ­le­ba me­ti xo­mal­di da be­di sazR­vao
brZo­la­Si eca­daT. mas ime­di hqon­da, rom omis beds zRva­ze
war­ma­te­ba ga­dawy­vet­da. mas her­mok­ra­tes­mac da­u­Wi­ra mxa­ri
da si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma sazR­vao brZo­lis­Tvis da­iwy­es sam­za­di­si.
xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­vis Sem­deg gi­li­pos­ma Ra­miT sax­me­le­To
Za­le­bi daZ­ra kon­cxze age­bu­li si­mag­ris da­sa­laS­qrad. ima­ve
dros si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xo­mal­de­bic zRva­Si ga­vid­nen – oc­daTx­uT­
me­ti tri­e­ri di­di nav­sad­gu­ri­dan, xo­lo or­moc­da­xu­Ti – mci­
re­dan, sa­dac si­ra­ku­ze­lebs gem­sa­Se­ni hqon­daT. aTe­ne­le­bic
sas­wra­fod das­xdnen Ta­vi­anT sa­moc xo­mal­dze. maT­gan oc­da­
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xu­Ti Se­eb­rZo­la si­ra­ku­zel­Ta oc­daTx­uT­met xo­malds did
nav­sad­gur­Si. da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki gem­sa­Se­ni­dan mo­ma­va­li xo­mal­de­
bis wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­e­mar­Tnen. di­di nav­sad­gu­ris Se­sas­vlel­Tan
xan­grZli­vi brZo­la ga­i­mar­Ta.
sa­nam aTe­ne­le­bi na­pi­ri­dan Tvals adev­neb­dnen zRva­ze gan­
vi­Ta­re­bul mov­le­nebs, gi­li­po­si Tavs da­es­xa si­mag­re­ebs da
sak­ma­od io­lad ai­Ro isi­ni. si­mag­ris dam­cve­leb­ma sat­vir­To
xo­mal­diT mi­aR­wi­es aTe­nel­Ta ba­naks. zRva­ze Ta­vi­dan si­ra­ku­
ze­lebs hqon­daT upi­ra­te­so­ba. mag­ram Sem­dgom­Si ma­inc aTe­ne­
leb­ma sZli­es. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma uwes­ri­god mi­a­Su­res na­pirs da
Tavs uS­ve­les. aTe­ne­leb­ma Ca­Zi­res si­ra­ku­zel­Ta Ter­Tme­ti
xo­mal­di, ma­Ti eki­pa­Ji ki da­xo­ces. mxo­lod sa­mi xo­mal­dis eki­
pa­Ji aiy­va­nes tyved. Tvi­Ton aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­mi xo­mal­di da­kar­
ges. maT ak­ri­fes si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis nam­tvre­ve­bi da
kun­Zul­ze kon­cxis pir­da­pir ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes,
Sem­deg ki ba­nak­Si dab­run­dnen.
sazR­vao brZo­la­Si da­mar­cxe­bis mi­u­xe­da­vad, si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma
da­i­ka­ves kon­cxi da iq ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes. er­Ti si­mag­
re mTli­a­nad da­an­gri­es, or­Si ki Ta­vi­si gar­ni­zo­ni Ca­a­ye­nes. am
si­mag­re­e­bis aRe­bisas bev­ri da­i­Ru­pa an tyved Ca­var­da. ag­reT­ve,
maT xelT aR­moC­nda aTe­nel­Ta sur­sa­Ti­sa da aR­Wur­vi­lo­bis
ma­ra­gi. es iyo aTe­nel­Ta pir­ve­li di­di wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­ba. laS­
qar­ma ki mxne­o­ba da­kar­ga.
amis Sem­deg si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma Tor­me­ti xo­mal­di gag­zav­nes.
er­Tma el­Ce­bi wa­iy­va­na pe­lo­po­nes­Si, ra­Ta la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis­
Tvis sa­si­xa­ru­lo am­ba­vi Ca­et
­ a­naT. da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki ita­li­is­ken
wa­vid­nen, ra­Ta ga­e­nad­gu­re­bi­naT tran­spor­ti, ro­mel­sac aTe­
nel­TaT­vis sur­sa­Ti da aR­Wur­vi­lo­ba moh­qon­da. gar­da ami­sa,
maT daw­ves aTe­nel­Ta flo­tis­Tvis gam­za­de­bu­li xis ma­sa­la.
pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan sat­vir­To xo­mal­dma Tes­pi­e­li hop­li­te­bi
Ca­mo­iy­va­na. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma aiy­va­nes isi­ni Ta­vi­anT xo­mal­deb­ze
da Sin dab­run­dnen. aTe­nel­Ta guSagma xelT ig­do er­Ti xo­mal­
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di eki­pa­JiT, da­nar­Ce­neb­ma ki si­ra­ku­zas Se­af
­ a­res Ta­vi. Ta­vad
nav­sad­gur­Si brZo­la mox­da im me­se­ris ga­mo, ro­me­lic zRvis
fsker­ze da­a­mag­res Zvel gem­sa­Sen­Tan, ra­Ta Ru­za­ze mdgo­mi
xo­mal­de­bi aTe­nel­Ta Tav­das­xmis­gan da­ec­vaT. aTe­ne­leb­ma
mi­a­ye­nes me­sers uzar­ma­za­ri sat­vir­To xo­mal­di (a­Ti aTa­si
ta­lan­tis te­va­do­bis) xis koS­ke­bi­Ta da dam­ca­vi je­bi­re­biT.
maT To­ke­bi mo­ab
­ es me­sers da mi­aT­rev­dnen mas, xo­lo myvin­Ta­
ve­bi wyal­qveS xer­xav­dnen sa­mag­rebs. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi maT Zve­li
gem­sa­Se­ni­dan es­rod­nen, aTe­ne­le­bi ki sat­vir­To xo­mal­di­dan.
bo­los, aTe­ne­leb­ma mo­a­xer­xes me­se­ris di­di na­wi­lis dan­gre­va.
Tum­ca, Sem­dgom­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma axa­li aa­ges. mxa­re­e­bi igo­
neb­dnen sxva­das­xva sa­Su­a­le­bas, ro­gor ev­noT er­Tma­ne­Tis­Tvis.
ga­mud­me­biT xde­bo­da wvri­li Se­ta­ke­be­bi. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma gag­
zav­nes el­Ce­bi si­ci­li­is qvey­neb­Si da am­cnes kon­cxis da­ka­ve­ba.
el­Cebs un­da da­er­wmu­ne­bi­naT si­ci­li­e­le­bi, rom si­ra­ku­ze­lebs
ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di aqvT, da dax­ma­re­ba eTx­o­vaT.
ama­so­ba­Si de­mos­Te­nesma Sek­ri­ba si­ci­li­a­Si ga­sam­gzav­re­beli
flo­ti da egi­ni­dan pe­lo­po­ne­sis­ken da­iZ­ra. is Se­u­er­Tda qa­rik­
le­sis es­kad­ras. sar­dleb­ma aiy­va­nes xo­mal­deb­ze ar­go­se­li
hop­li­te­bi da la­ko­ni­as da­es­xnen Tavs. maT da­ar­bi­es qve­ya­na,
xo­lo Sem­deg ki­Te­ra­ze ga­das­xdnen. iq maT aa­ges si­mag­re, ra­Ta
mo­ewy­oT ba­za ya­Ca­Ru­ri Tav­das­xme­bis­Tvis. Sem­deg de­mos­Te­
nesi ker­ki­ras­ken ga­e­mar­Ta, ra­Ta iq mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi aey­va­na da
si­ci­li­is­ken wa­su­li­yo. qa­rik­le­si ki mSe­neb­lo­bis das­ru­le­
bam­de iq dar­Ca, Sem­deg gar­ni­zo­ni da­to­va, Tvi­Ton ki oc­da­a­Ti
xo­mal­di­Ta da ar­go­se­le­biT Sin dab­run­da.
ima­ve zaf­xuls aTen­Si Ca­mo­vi­da aTas sa­ma­si Tra­ki­e­li pel­
tas­ti, rom­le­bic de­mos­Te­ness un­da gah­yo­lod­nen si­ci­li­az
­ e,
mag­ram maT da­ag­vi­an­daT da aTe­ne­le­bi yoy­ma­nob­dnen, xom ar
ga­eg­zav­naT isi­ni ukan, rad­gan de­ke­le­as om­Si ma­Ti Se­nax­va Zvi­
ri da­uj­de­bo­daT. de­ke­lea Ta­vi­dan pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta mTel­ma
laS­qar­ma ga­a­mag­ra, Sem­deg ki aq rigri­go­biT id­gnen mo­kav­Si­re
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qa­la­qe­bis gar­ni­zo­ne­bi. ma­Ti Ta­re­Si di­dad vneb­da aTe­ne­lebs.
Zve­li Se­moW­re­bi ar iyo xan­grZli­vi da ar uS­li­da gle­xebs xels,
Su­al
­ e­deb­Si mo­sa­va­li ae­RoT. ax­la ki, ro­de­sac mte­ri ati­ka­Si
ga­mag­rda, mas mud­mi­vi Ta­re­Sis sa­Su­a­le­ba mi­e­ca. aTe­ne­le­bi ki
did gan­sac­del­Si Cac­viv­dnen. ma­Ti qve­ya­na TiT­qmis mTli­a­nad
mtris xel­Si iyo, oci aTa­si mo­na, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, xe­los­ne­bi, ga­iq­
cnen. sa­qo­ne­li TiT­qmis mTli­a­nad gawy­da.
sur­sa­Ti ev­be­a­dan ad­re oro­po­si­sa da de­ke­le­as gav­liT
Se­mo­di­o­da, ax­la ki zRviT Se­moh­qon­daT su­ni­o­nis gav­liT, ris
ga­moc is gaZ­vir­da. qa­la­qi sam­xed­ro ba­naks da­em­sgav­sa. mas ak­lda
yve­la­fe­ri, rac ad­re ga­re­dan Se­moh­qon­daT. dRi­siT aTe­ne­le­bi
mi­way­ri­leb­Tan da­ra­job­dnen, Ra­miT ki sa­gu­Sa­go­eb­sa da ked­
leb­ze. mag­ram yve­la­ze rTu­li ori omis war­mo­e­ba iyo. ma­inc
ga­sa­o­ca­ri iyo ma­Ti swraf­va ga­mar­jve­bis­ken. mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa,
rom Tvi­Ton TiT­qmis al­ya­Si iy­vnen, aTe­ne­le­bi ma­inc ar mo­eS­vnen
si­ci­li­as da ag­rZe­leb­dnen si­ra­ku­zis al­yas. es qa­la­qi zo­miT
aTens ar Ca­mo­u­var­de­bo­da. ara­vin elo­da maT­gan aseT Za­la­sa da
mxne­o­bas. er­Tni fiq­rob­dnen, rom omi erT wels gas­tan­da, sxva­
ni – ors an sams. vin ifiq­reb­da, rom maT mi­wa­ze mtris Ta­re­Sis
pi­ro­beb­Si, aTe­ne­le­bi Cvid­met­wli­a­ni omis Sem­deg ki­dev axal oms
wa­mo­iwy­eb­dnen si­ci­li­as­Tan – ara­nak­leb mZi­mes, vid­re pir­ve­li
iyo. uzar­ma­zar­ma xar­jeb­ma da de­ke­le­a­dan mi­ye­ne­bul­ma za­ral­ma
aTe­ne­le­bi uki­du­res ga­sa­Wir­Si Cah­ya­ra. am dros Zve­li xar­kis
nac­vlad maT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs da­u­we­ses ga­da­sa­xa­di – sa­qon­lis
Ri­re­bu­le­bis er­Ti me­oc
­ e­di.
am­je­rad, aTe­ne­leb­ma ukan ga­is­tum­res Tra­ki­e­le­bi, rom­
leb­mac de­mos­Te­ness ver Ca­mo­us­wres, maT gam­ci­le­bels ki
da­a­va­les ise wa­su­liy­vnen, rom gza­dag­za mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis­
Tvis ra­me ev­noT. Tra­ki­e­leb­ma jer ta­nag­ris ol­qSi Ca­ig­des
xelT na­dav­li, Sem­deg ki be­o­ti­a­Si ga­das­xdnen da mi­ka­le­soss
da­es­xnen Tavs. Ra­me maT her­me­sis sam­loc­ve­los­Tan ga­ata­res,
xo­lo dRi­siT qa­laq­Si Se­iW­rnen. mo­sax­le­o­bis­Tvis Tav­das­xma
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sru­li­ad mo­u­lod­ne­li iyo. zRvis­gan mo­So­re­biT isi­ni Tavs
usaf­rTxod grZnob­dnen da qa­la­qi ar iyo ga­mag­re­bu­li. Tra­
ki­e­leb­ma da­iwy­es sax­le­bi­sa da sam­loc­ve­lo­e­bis Zar­cva da
mo­sax­le­o­bis umowy­a­lo Jle­ta. Tra­ki­e­le­bi, ve­lu­ri bar­ba­ro­
se­bis msgav­sad, Tu maT saf­rTxe ar elis, uaR­re­sad sas­tik­ni
ari­an. ax­lac di­di ube­du­re­ba da­at­ri­a­les. isi­ni sko­la­sac ki
Tavs da­es­xnen da yve­la bav­Svi mokles.
Te­be­le­bi sas­wra­fod wa­mo­vid­nen da­sax­ma­reb­lad. isi­ni qa­la­
qi­dan mo­So­re­biT da­e­wiv­nen Tra­ki­e­lebs da wa­ar­Tves na­dav­li.
Sem­deg mters sdi­es zRvam­de, sa­dac ge­me­bi elo­de­bo­daT. bev­ri
Tra­ki­e­li xo­mal­dze as­vli­sas da­i­Ru­pa, rad­gan bar­ba­ro­seb­ma
cur­va ar icod­nen, xo­lo xo­mal­de­bi na­pi­ris­gan mo­So­re­biT
id­ga. Ta­vi­dan Tra­ki­e­le­bi mo­xer­xebu­lad ige­ri­eb­dnen mxed­
re­bis Tav­das­xmas. sul oras or­moc­da­a­Ti Tra­ki­el
­ i da­iR
­ u­pa,
Te­be­leb­ma ki oci meb­rZo­li da er­Ti sar­da­li da­kar­ges. mi­ka­
le­sos­ma mis mo­sax­le­o­bas­Tan Se­da­re­biT ela­da­Si yve­la­ze mZi­me
da­nak­li­si ga­ni­ca­da.
ama­so­ba­Si de­mos­Te­nesma aa­go si­mag­re la­ko­ni­ka­Si da ker­ki­
ras­ken ga­cu­ra. ele­a­Si is wa­awy­da sat­vir­To xo­malds, ro­mel­
sac ko­rin­Te­li hop­li­te­bi mih­yav­da si­ci­li­a­ze da mos­po igi.
xal­xi ki ga­dar­Ca da Sem­dgom­Si sxva ge­miT wa­vi­da si­ci­li­is­ken.
de­mos­Te­nesi Ca­vi­da Za­kin­Tos­sa da ke­fa­le­ni­a­Si, sa­dac mas
hop­li­te­bi Se­u­er­Tdnen. man ga­mo­i­Za­xa me­se­ni­e­li hop­li­te­bic
nav­paq­to­si­dan da akar­na­ni­a­Si ga­da­vi­da. aq de­mos­Te­nesi Sex­vda
si­ci­li­i­dan dab­ru­ne­bul ev­ri­me­dons, rom­lis­ga­nac iqa­u­ri
am­be­bi Se­ity­o. aq maT­Tan mo­vi­da nav­paq­to­sis sar­da­li ko­no­ni
da dax­ma­re­ba sTxo­va ko­rin­Tel­Ta es­kad­ris wi­na­aR­mdeg brZo­
la­Si. de­mos­Te­nesma da ev­ri­me­don­ma ko­nons aTi swraf­ma­va­li
xo­mal­di mis­ces, Tvi­Ton ki laS­qris Seg­ro­ve­bas ag­rZe­leb­dnen.
si­ra­ku­zel­ma el­Ceb­ma kon­cxis da­ka­ve­bis Sem­deg mi­im­xres
si­ci­li­el­Ta qvey­ne­bi da iq laS­qa­ri Se­ag­ro­ves. ni­ki­as­ma sTxo­va
aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re si­ku­lebs, ar ga­e­ta­re­bi­naT Ta­vi­anT mi­wa­
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ze mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi. si­ku­le­bi Ca­u­saf­rdnen si­ci­li­e­lebs da
mo­ul
­ od­ne­li Tav­das­xmiT rva­as ka­cam­de dauxoces. da­i­Rup­nen
el­Ce­bic, gar­da ko­rin­Te­li­sa. swo­red man Ca­iy­va­na si­ra­ku­za­Si
aTas xu­Ta­si ka­ci.
im dRe­eb­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma dax­ma­re­ba mi­i­Res ka­ma­ri­na­dan:
xu­Ta­si hop­li­ti, sa­ma­si Su­bis mtyor­cne­li da sa­ma­si mSvil­
do­sa­ni. ge­la­dan xu­Ti xo­mal­di, oTx­a­si Su­bis mtyorcne­li
da ora­si mxe­da­ri mo­vi­da. mar­Tlac, TiT­qmis mTe­li si­ci­lia
ga­er­Ti­an­da aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi si­ku­le­bis­gan
mi­Re­bu­li dar­tymis me­re mo­e­rid­nen aTe­ne­leb­ze Tav­das­xmas.
ama­so­ba­Si de­mos­Te­nesma da ev­ri­me­don­ma Se­av­ses laS­qa­ri
ker­ki­ra­sa da xme­leT­ze da ita­li­a­Si ga­da­vid­nen. aq maT da­iwy­es
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi axal mo­kav­Si­re­Ta mo­po­ve­baze.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ama­ve dros pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ra nav­paq­
tos­Tan aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ris pi­ris­pir id­ga. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma
da­ma­te­bi­Ti xo­mal­de­bi aR­Wur­ves, TiT­qmis ga­u­Ta­nab­rdnen
ricx­ob­ri­vad aTe­ne­lebs da sab­rZo­lvelad ga­em­zad­nen. maT
ga­da­i­nac­vles aqa­i­as sa­na­pi­ros­Tan, na­xe­var­mTva­ris for­mis
yu­re­Si. da­sax­ma­reb­lad mo­sul­ma sax­me­le­To jar­ma ori­ve kon­
cxi da­ik­ a­va, xo­mal­de­bi ki xaz­ze id­gnen. aTe­nel­Ta oc­da­ca­me­ti
xo­mal­di nav­paq­to­si­dan ga­mo­em
­ ar­Ta maT wi­na­aR­mdeg. brZo­la
did­xans gag­rZel­da. ko­rin­Tel­Ta sa­mi xo­mal­di Ca­i­Zi­ra. aTe­ne­
lebs, mar­Ta­li­a, xo­mal­di ar da­u­kar­gavT, mag­ram Svi­di da­zi­an­da
ko­rin­Tel­Ta ge­meb­Tan Se­ja­xe­bi­sas. swo­red am miz­niT ko­rin­
Te­leb­ma maT uf­ro mZlav­ri ta­ra­ne­bi da­uy
­ e­nes. brZo­la uSe­
de­god das­rul­da. ori­ve mxa­re Tavs ga­mar­jve­bu­lad mi­iC­nev­da
da ori­vem ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Ta. ko­rin­Tel­TaTvis di­di
war­ma­te­ba is iyo, rom ar da­mar­cxe­bu­lan. aTe­ne­le­bi ki mar­cxad
aRiq­vam­dnen imas, rom ga­dam­wyvet ga­mar­jve­bas ver mi­aR­wi­es.
ama­so­ba­Si Tu­ri­e­leb­ma aTe­nel­Ta da­sax­ma­reb­lad Svi­da­si
hop­li­ti da sa­ma­si Su­bis mtyor­cne­li ga­mo­iy­va­nes. de­mos­
Te­nesi da ev­ri­me­do­ni ita­li­is sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv da­iZ­rnen.
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aTe­nel­Ta axa­li es­kad­ris mo­ax­lo­e­ba rom Se­ity­ves, si­ra­ku­
ze­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes, maT mos­vlam­de xel­me­o­red eca­daT be­di.
maT Se­mo­i­Res gar­kve­u­li si­ax­le­e­bi, ra­mac wi­na brZo­la­Si maT
er­Tgva­ri upi­ra­te­so­ba mis­ca. da­a­mok­les xomal­de­bis wi­na na­wi­
li, ri­Tac uf­ro gaaZli­er
­ es igi. aq mo­a­Tav­ses msxvi­li Ze­li –
ta­ra­ni, ro­me­lic sa­gan­ge­bod da­a­mag­res xo­mal­dis gver­deb­ze
gan­la­ge­bul eq­vsi wyrTis sig­rZis sa­mag­reb­ze. am­gva­ri mowy­
o­bi­lo­ba hqon­daT ko­rin­Tel­Ta xo­mal­deb­sac nav­paq­tos­Tan
brZo­la­Si. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi am­gva­rad fiq­rob­dnen upi­ra­te­so­bis
mo­po­ve­bas aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­deb­ze, rom­leb­sac uf­ro Txe­li wi­na
na­wi­li hqon­daT. is gaT­vli­li iyo ie­riS­ze gver­di­dan, mag­ram
ver ga­uZ­leb­da pir­da­pir Se­ja­xe­bas. nav­sad­gu­ris si­viw­ro­ve­
Si aTe­ne­lebs ar un­da hqo­no­daT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis mwyob­ris
gar­Rve­vis an gver­di­dan ie­ri­Sis mi­ta­nis sa­Su­a­le­ba. ami­tom
si­ra­ku­ze­lebs Se­eZ­loT ga­mo­e­ye­ne­bi­naT is ile­Ti, ro­me­lic
ad­re me­sa­Wes Sec­do­mad Ca­eT­vle­bo­da – pir­da­pi­ri Se­ja­xe­ba.
na­pir­Tan mi­sas­vle­lic aTe­ne­lebs mxo­lod erT viw­ro zol­Si
hqon­daT, rac ma­Ti ri­ge­bis are­va­sa da xo­mal­de­bis Se­ja­xe­
bas ga­mo­iw­vev­da. aTe­ne­lebs swo­red es vneb­da yve­la­ze me­tad
sazR­vao brZo­leb­Si.
ase­Ti geg­ma Se­i­mu­Sa­ves si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma. pir­ve­li war­ma­te­biT
ga­Ta­ma­me­bu­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes er­Tdro­u­lad mi­e­ta­naT ie­ri­Si
zRvi­dan da xme­le­Ti­dan. gi­li­po­si qa­la­qi­dan uf­ro ad­re ga­mo­
vi­da da aTe­nel­Ta ked­lis­ken ga­e­mar­Ta. me­o­re mxri­dan da­iZ­rnen
si­ra­ku­zel­Ta hop­li­te­bi, mxed­re­bi da msu­bu­qad Se­ia­ ­ra­Re­bu­li
qve­i­Te­bi. Sem­deg si­ra­ku­zel­Ta es­kad­rac ga­vi­da zRva­Si. aTe­ne­
le­bi jer mxo­lod xme­le­Ti­dan elod­nen Tav­das­xmas. es­kad­ris
ga­mo­Ce­nam Se­aS­fo­Ta isi­ni. er­Tni ked­le­bis da­sa­ca­vad ga­vid­nen,
sxve­bi ki sas­wra­fod xo­mal­deb­ze das­xdnen da mters Se­e­geb­nen.
aTe­ne­lebs sa­moc­daTx­uT­me­ti xo­mal­di hyav­daT si­ra­ku­zel­Ta
oTx­mo­ci xo­mal­dis wi­na­aR­mdeg.
mTe­l dRes mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi ma­nev­ri­reb­dnen, mag­ram verc
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er­Tma mxa­rem ver mi­aR­wia ra­me upi­ra­te­so­bas da er­Tma­neTs ga­e­
rid­nen. ukan da­i­xia si­ra­ku­zel­Ta sax­me­le­To jar­mac. me­o­re
dRes si­ra­ku­ze­lebs mSvi­dad eWi­raT Ta­vi. ni­ki­a­si axal ie­riSs
elo­da da zo­me­bi mi­i­Ro. man brZa­na da­zi­an
­ e­bu­li xo­mal­de­bis
Se­ke­Te­ba, xo­lo zRvis fsker­ze Car­Wo­bil dam­cav me­ser­Tan
di­di sat­vir­To ge­me­bi da­a­ye­na, ra­Ta mis xo­mal­debs sa­i­me­do
Tav­Se­sa­fa­ri hqo­no­daT.
momdevno dRes di­la­ad­ri­an si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma kvlav wa­mo­iwy­es
ie­ri­Si zRvi­dan da xme­le­Ti­dan. ori­ve es­kad­ra kvlav pi­ris­pir
ma­nev­ri­reb­da. ma­Sin ko­rin­Tel­ma aris­ton­ma aseT xerxs mi­mar­
Ta. mi­si rCe­viT, qa­la­qi­dan sa­na­pi­ro­ze gad­mo­i­ta­nes baz­ro­ba.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ukan gab­run­dnen, na­pir­ze ga­da­vid­nen da sa­di­lad
das­xdnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma ifiq­res, mte­ri qa­laq­Si dab­run­da da
brZo­lis ga­nax­le­ba­s aRar api­rebso da isi­nic na­pir­ze gad­mo­
vid­nen, mSvi­dad mi­xe­des sa­ku­Tar saq­me­ebs. uec­rad si­ra­ku­ze­le­
bi isev das­xdnen xo­mal­deb­ze da ie­riS­ze ga­da­vid­nen. aTe­ne­le­bi
uwes­ri­god mi­awy­dnen Ta­vi­anT ge­mebs, bev­rma sa­di­lobac ver
mo­as­wro. er­Txans mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi kvlav pi­ris­pir id­gnen,
bo­los aTe­ne­leb­ma dam­qan­cvel mo­lo­dins Se­te­va am­jo­bi­nes.
si­ra­ku­zel­Ta ta­ra­neb­ma da xo­mal­deb­ze myof­ma Su­bis mtyor­
cne­leb­ma di­di zi­a­ni mi­a­ye­nes aTe­nel­Ta flots.
aTe­ne­le­bi da­mar­cxdnen da uku­iq­cnen. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma maT
sat­vir­To xo­mal­de­bam­de sdi­es. aq maT gza ga­da­u­Ro­bes xo­mal­
de­bi­dan Ca­moS­ve­bul­ma del­fi­ne­bi­an­ma Ze­leb­ma. dev­niT gar­Tul
si­ra­ku­zel­Ta ori xo­mal­di aq da­i­Ru­pa, er­Ti eki­pa­Ji­TurT tyved
Ca­var­da. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ki aTe­ne­le­bis Svi­di xo­mal­di Ca­Zi­res
da bev­ri da­a­zi­a­nes. ma­Ti eki­pa­Je­bi ki da­i­Ru­pa an tyved Ca­var­da.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ukan gab­run­dnen da ori­ve sazR­vao brZo­lis aR­sa­
niS­na­vad ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes. am dRi­dan maT ir­wmu­nes
sa­ku­Ta­ri upi­ra­te­so­ba da ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di ga­uC­ndaT.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi axal Tav­das­xmas am­za­deb­dnen, ro­de­sac de­mos­
Te­nesi da ev­ri­me­do­ni Ca­mo­vid­nen aTe­nel­Ta maS­ve­li Za­le­biT:
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sa­moc­da­ca­me­ti xo­mal­di, xu­Ti aTa­si hop­li­ti, mra­va­li Su­bis
mtyor­cne­li, me­Sur­du­le da mSvil­do­sa­ni. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da ma­Ti
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ga­a­og­na aTe­nel­Ta xil­vam. mi­ux
­ e­da­vad de­ke­le­a­Si
mtris dgo­mi­sa, aTe­ne­leb­ma si­ci­li­a­ze gag­zav­nes axa­li laS­qa­
ri, ro­me­lic pir­vels ar Ca­mo­u­var­de­bo­da. ma­Ti Za­la usazR­vro
Can­da. ni­ki­a­sis me­om­re­bi ki ga­am­xne­va maS­ve­lis mos­vlam.
de­mos­Te­nesma ga­dawy­vi­ta, dro ar da­e­kar­ga da ni­ki­as
­ is dRe­
Si ar aR­mo­Ce­ni­li­yo. mar­Tlac, ni­ki­a­si Ta­vi­dan Si­Sis zars scem­
da mters, mag­ram rad­gan man ar Se­u­tia si­ra­ku­zas da ka­ta­na­Si
da­iz
­ am­Tra, Si­Sic gaq­ra. ama­so­ba­Si gi­li­pos­ma pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan
Ca­mo­iy­va­na laS­qa­ri, ro­mel­sac si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi arc ki ux­mob­dnen,
ni­ki­as
­ i rom maT da­u­yov­neb­liv das­xmo­da Tavs. isi­ni mxo­lod
ma­Sin mix­vde­bod­nen, ra da­e­mar­TaT, ro­de­sac sa­al­yo ked­liT
iq­ne­bod­nen moW­ril­ni, da ma­Sin ve­Rarc pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta dax­ma­
re­ba ga­mo­ad­ge­bo­daT. ase fiq­rob­da de­mos­Te­nesi da Cqa­rob­da
esar­geb­la im STa­beW­di­le­biT, mis­ma Ca­mos­vlam mter­ze rom
mo­ax­di­na. igi xe­dav­da, rom qa­la­qis al­yis das­ru­le­bas si­ra­
ku­zel­Ta Sve­ul
­ i ke­de­li uS­li­da. igi erT ri­gad iyo na­ge­bi da
Tu epi­po­la­ze asas­vlel­sa da iq mde­ba­re ba­naks da­e­uf­le­bo­da,
ke­del­sac io­lad ai­Reb­da. sa­Wi­ro iyo ga­dam­wyve­ti moq­me­de­be­bi,
rac oms wer­tils da­us­vam­da. war­ma­te­bis Sem­deg igi si­ra­ku­zas
ai­Reb­da, xo­lo mar­cxis Sem­Txve­va­Si ukan dab­run­de­bo­da, ra­Ta
aTe­nel­Ta Za­le­bi da sax­sre­bi tyu­i­lub­ra­lod ar ef­lan­ga.
aTe­ne­le­bi ba­na­ki­dan ga­mo­vid­nen da si­ra­ku­zis sa­na­xe­bis
rbe­va da­iwy­es. Sem­deg de­mos­Te­nesi Se­e­ca­da ke­de­li sa­al­yo
man­qa­ne­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­biT ae­Ro. mag­ram, ro­gorc ki man­qa­ne­bi
ke­dels mi­a­ye­nes, ked­lis dam­cve­leb­ma maT cecx­li wa­u­ki­des
da ie­ri­Sic mo­i­ge­ri­es. ma­Sin de­mos­Te­nesma ni­ki­a­si­sa da sxva
sar­dle­bis Tan­xmo­biT epi­po­la­ze Tav­das­xmis geg­ma Se­i­mu­Sa­
va. dRi­siT epi­po­la­ze as­vla Se­uZ­le­be­li Can­da. man mo­a­ma­ra­ga
me­om­re­bi xu­Ti dRis sag­zliT, xe­los­ne­biT da aR­Wur­vi­lo­biT,
rac war­ma­te­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si sa­al­yo sa­mu­Sa­o­e­bis­Tvis das­Wir­
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de­bo­daT, da pir­ve­li Zi­lis dros epi­po­las­ken da­iZ­ra, ni­ki­a­si
ki ba­nak­Si dar­Ca. aTe­ne­le­bi Se­um­Cnev­lad avid­nen epi­po­la­ze,
pir­ve­li si­mag­re xelT ig­des da gar­ni­zo­nis na­wi­li amo­xo­ces.
da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ga­iq­cnen sam da­nar­Cen si­mag­re­Si da si­ra­ku­ze­lebs
mtris mo­ax­lo­e­ba am­cnes. yve­la­ze ax­los si­ra­ku­zel­Ta eq­vsas­
ka­ci­a­ni raz­mi id­ga. igi ma­Sin­ve ga­mo­e­mar­Ta de­mos­Te­nesTan
Se­sax­ved­rad. med­ga­ri wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis mi­u­xe­da­vad, de­mos­Te­
nesma da­a­mar­cxa da uku­ag­do isi­ni da win­svla ga­nag­rZo. mas ar
sur­da xel­say­re­li Se­saZ­leb­lo­bis gaS­ve­ba da un­do­da bo­lom­
de mi­ey­va­na saq­me. aTe­nel­Ta da­nar­Cen­ma raz­meb­mac win wa­iw
­ i­es,
ai­Res ke­de­li da mi­way­ri­lis dan­gre­vas Se­ud­gnen. si­ra­ku­ze­
leb­ma, maT­ma mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma da gi­li­pos­ma sa­saw­ra­fod daZ­res
sa­ku­Ta­ri raz­me­bi saS­ve­lad. mag­ram maT ver mo­as­wres swo­rad
dawy­o­ba. aTe­ne­leb­ma isi­ni uku­ag­des da uwes­ri­god da­e­dev­nen,
Ta­vi uk­ve ga­mar­jve­bu­li ego­naT. be­o­ti­e­leb­ma pir­ve­leb­ma
ga­u­wi­es maT wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba da ga­aq­ci­es isi­ni.
ax­la uk­ve aTe­ne­le­bi ai­riv­nen. maT ar Se­eZ­loT mim­di­na­re
mov­le­ne­bis Se­sa­xeb zus­ti cno­be­bis mi­Re­ba. dRi­si­Tac ki, ro­de­
sac yve­la­fe­ri ukeT Cans, fron­tis erT mo­nak­veT­ze xSi­rad ar
ici­an, ra xde­ba sxva­gan. ro­gor­Ra un­da war­mo­ed­gi­naT brZo­
lis su­ra­Ti ori di­di laS­qris Ra­miT Ser­ki­ne­bi­sa? mar­Ta­li­a,
mTva­ri­a­ni Ra­me iyo da ra­Ra­cis da­nax­va xer­xde­bo­da, mag­ram
Wir­da mtri­sa da moy­v­ris gar­Ce­va – mxa­re­eb
­ i arc aR­Wur­vi­lo­
biT gan­sxvav­de­bod­nen er­Tma­ne­Tis­gan da arc eniT. aTe­nel­Ta
zo­gi raz­mi imar­jveb­da, zo­gic mar­cxde­bo­da, laS­qris di­di
na­wi­li ki axa­li asu­li iyo si­maR­le­ze da ver xvde­bo­da, sa­iT
wa­su­li­yo. sa­Si­ne­l xma­u­rSi me­om­re­bi uy­vi­rod­nen er­Tma­neTs,
mag­ram ve­ra­fers age­bi­neb­dnen. aTe­ne­le­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di Za­le­bis
si­maR­le­ze as­vlis dros ma­Ti avan­gar­di uk­ve uku­iq­ca. maT ki
yve­la, vinc maT­ken mo­di­o­da, mte­ri ego­naT da pa­rols ekiTx­
e­bod­nen. am­gva­rad, pa­ro­li ma­le mtris­Tvi­sac cno­bi­li gax­da.
di­dad av­no maT pe­an­ma, ro­mel­sac ori­ve mxa­res myo­fi do­ri­e­
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le­bi er­Tna­i­rad mRe­rod­nen. are­u­lo­ba­Si ara mar­to mo­kav­Si­
re­eb
­ i, me­gob­re­bi da ax­lob­le­bic aR­mar­Tav­dnen er­Tma­neT­ze
ia­raRs. epi­po­la­dan Ca­mo­sas­vle­li ci­ca­bo iyo. ami­tom gaq­
ce­u­leb­ma ia­ra­Ri da­ya­res da Ca­mos­vli­sas bev­ri da­im­tvra da
da­sa­xiC­rda. qve­moT Ca­mo­sul­Ta­gan Zvel­ma meb­rZo­leb­ma io­lad
mi­ag­nes ba­naks, axal­Ca­mo­su­lebs ki gza da­eb­naT da si­ra­ku­ze­li
mxed­re­bis msxver­plni gax­dnen.
me­or
­ e dRes si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­mar­jve­bis ori ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­
Tes: epi­po­las mwver­val­ze mi­ma­val gza­ze da iq, sa­dac be­o­ti­e­
leb­ma pir­ve­lad Se­a­Ce­res aTe­ne­le­bi. da­za­ve­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­
leb­ma da­Ru­pul­Ta cxed­re­bi da­ib­ru­nes. ci­ca­bo­ze daS­ve­bi­sas
meb­rZo­leb­ma fa­re­bi da­ya­res da maTi farebi mowinaaRmdegem
Caigdo xelSi. mebrZolTa na­wi­li da­i­Ru­pa, na­wi­li ki ga­dar­Ca.
ga­mar­jve­bam si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ga­am­xne­va. maT kvlav el­Ce­bi da­ag­
zav­nes mTel si­ci­li­az
­ e maS­ve­li Za­lis saTx­ov­ne­lad. epi­po­la­ze
war­ma­te­bis Sem­deg maT aTe­nel­Ta ba­nak­ze ie­ri­Si ga­niz­ra­xes.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­li sar­dle­bi Seq­mni­li vi­Ta­re­bis Se­sa­xeb
bWob­dnen. isi­ni xe­dav­dnen, rom ma­Ti wa­mowy­e­be­bi uSe­de­go
iyo, xo­lo me­om­re­bi daT­rgu­na si­ci­li­a­ze xan­grZliv­ma yof­
nam. bev­ri avad gax­da, rad­gan Wa­o­bi­a­ni ad­gi­lis max­lob­lad
iy­vnen da­ba­na­ke­bu­li. me­om­rebs Ta­vi­an­Ti mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a ui­me­dod
mi­aC­ndaT. ami­tom de­mos­Te­nesi fiq­rob­da, rom aRar Rir­da
si­ci­li­a­ze dar­Ce­na. epi­po­la­ze mar­cxis Sem­deg um­jo­be­si iyo
dro­uli gabruneba, sa­nam amin­di zRva­os­no­bas xels ar uS­li­da,
xo­lo axa­li es­kad­ra zRva­ze upi­ra­te­so­bas uz­run­velyof­da.
mi­si az­riT, sa­xel­mwi­fos un­da eb­rZo­la sa­ku­Tar mi­wa­ze SeW­
ril mter­Tan da ara si­ra­ku­ze­leb­Tan, ro­mel­Ta da­mar­cxe­bac
ax­la Za­li­an Zne­li gax­da. ugu­nu­re­ba iyo ag­reT­ve usas­ru­lo
al­ya­ze sa­xel­mwi­fo sax­sre­bis xar­jva.
ni­ki­a­sic mdgo­ma­re­o­bas uaR­re­sad sa­xi­fa­Tod mi­iC­nev­da,
mag­ram ar un­do­da sa­ja­rod aTe­nel­Ta si­sus­te­ze la­pa­ra­ki,
ra­Ta amis Se­sa­xeb mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges ar Se­ety­o. Tu isi­ni ukan
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da­xe­vas ga­dawy­vet­dnen, am geg­mis Se­um­Cnev­lad ga­ta­re­ba Zne­li
iq­ne­bo­da. gar­da ami­sa, ni­ki­ass sxva sar­dleb­ze ukeT hqon­da
war­mod­ge­ni­li mtris mdgo­ma­re­o­ba da mas jer ki­dev hqon­da
imis ime­di, rom al­yis go­niv­ru­lad gag­rZe­le­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si
mte­ri ua­res mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si aR­moC­nde­bo­da, vid­re aTe­ne­le­
bi. mar­Tlac, ro­de­sac mters fu­li ga­u­Tav­de­bo­da, aTe­ne­le­
bi SeZ­leb­dnen ma­Ti wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis daZ­le­vas, miT ume­tes,
rom zRva­ze ax­lac aTe­ne­le­bi ba­to­nob­dnen. da bo­los, TviT
si­ra­ku­za­Si iyo xal­xi, vi­sac un­do­da qa­la­qis aTe­nel­TaT­vis
Ca­ba­re­ba. isi­ni sTxov­dnen ni­ki­ass, ar mo­ex­sna al­ya. aqe­dan
ga­mom­di­na­re, ni­ki­a­si mer­ye­ob­da. Ta­vis ofi­ci­a­lur ga­mos­vla­Si
ki ukan da­xe­vas mxa­ri ar da­u­Wi­ra. is am­bob­da, rom maT ara­vin
apa­ti­eb­da une­bar­Tvod ukan dab­ru­ne­bas. aTen­Si maT ga­na­Cens
ga­mo­u­tan­da xal­xi, vinc ar yo­fi­la si­ci­li­a­Si da war­mod­ge­na ar
hqon­da saq­mis vi­Ta­re­ba­ze. ni­ki­ass er­Cia brZo­la­Si da­Ru­pu­li­
yo, vid­re Sin usa­mar­Tlo bral­de­ba­Ta msxver­pli gam­xda­ri­yo.
amas­Tan, man ico­da, rom si­ra­ku­zel­Ta mdgo­ma­re­o­ba mZi­me iyo.
maT uam­ra­vi fu­li da­e­xar­jaT da­qi­ra­ve­bul me­om­reb­ze, qa­la­qis
ga­mag­re­ba­sa da flo­tis Se­nax­va­ze. ori aTa­si ta­lan­ti maT uk­ve
da­xar­juli hqondaT da ax­la di­di va­le­bis aRe­ba mo­u­wevdaT,
rad­gan Tu xar­jebs SezR­u­da­vdnen, swra­fad da­mar­cxde­bodnen.
de­mos­Te­nesi al­yis gag­rZe­le­bis wi­na­aR­mde­gi iyo da fiq­rob­
da, rom Tu laS­qa­ri aTe­nel­Ta ne­bar­Tvis ga­re­Se ver da­to­veb­da
si­ci­li­as, um­jo­be­si iq­ne­bo­da ba­na­ki Taf­sos­Si an ka­ta­na­Si ga­da­
e­ta­naT. iqi­dan aTe­ne­le­bi mar­bi­e­li laS­qro­be­biT aa­ox­reb­dnen
qve­ya­nas da mters di­dad av­neb­dnen, Tvi­Ton ki sur­saTs mo­ip
­ o­
veb­dnen. sazR­vao brZo­la, de­mos­Te­nesis az­riT, un­da ga­e­mar­TaT
ara viw­ro ad­gi­las, mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis­Tvis xel­say­rel pi­ro­beb­Si,
ara­med Ria zRva­Si, sa­dac aTe­ne­le­bis sazR­vao xe­lov­ne­ba da
ma­nev­ris Ta­vi­suf­le­ba maT upi­ra­te­so­bas mis­cem­da. am­de­nad,
ad­gil­ze dgo­ma de­mos­Te­ness Sec­do­mad mi­aC­nda. igi iTx­ov­da,
rac Se­iZ­le­ba swra­fad daZ­ru­liy­vnen iqi­dan. ev­ri­me­do­nic izi­
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a­reb­da de­mos­Te­nesis azrs, mag­ram sar­dle­bi yoy­ma­nob­dnen.
ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba ver mi­iR
­ es da, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, ad­gil­ze dar­Cnen.
ama­so­ba­Si gi­li­po­si dab­run­da maS­ve­li Za­liT. pe­lo­po­ne­se­li
hop­li­te­bi qa­riS­xal­ma li­bi­is na­pi­reb­Tan mi­re­ka da mxo­lod
ax­la mo­vid­nen isi­ni se­li­un­tSi. hop­li­te­bis Ca­mos­vlis me­re
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma kvlav da­iwy­es aTe­ne­leb­ze ie­ri­Sis­Tvis mza­
de­ba zRvi­dan da xme­le­Ti­dan. aTe­nel­ma sar­dleb­ma da­i­na­xes,
rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gem maS­ve­li Za­la mi­i­Ro, xo­lo ma­Ti mdgo­ma­
re­o­ba ua­res­de­bo­da jar­Si gav­rce­le­bu­li avad­mo­yo­fo­be­bis
ga­mo. maT ina­nes, rom ad­re ar wa­vid­nen si­ra­ku­zi­dan da da­iwy­es
sam­za­di­si imis­Tvis, rom Se­um­Cnev­lad da­e­to­ve­bi­naT ba­na­ki.
ro­de­sac yve­la­fe­ri mzad iyo, mTva­re dab­nel­da da aTe­nel­Ta
um­rav­le­so­bam sar­dlebs gam­gzav­re­bis ga­da­de­ba mos­Txo­va.
ni­ki­a­sic, ro­me­lic am­gvar niS­nebs did yu­radR­e­bas aq­cev­da,
wi­na­aR­mde­gi iyo daZ­ru­li­yo ad­gi­li­dan, sa­nam sam­jer cxra
dReE ar ga­vi­do­da. aTe­ne­le­bi si­ra­ku­zas­Tan dar­Cnen.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma Se­ity­ves aTe­nel­Ta ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis Se­sa­xeb
da gam­xnev­dnen: rad­gan aTe­ne­lebs was­vla ga­da­ewy­vi­taT, e.i.
Ta­vis mdgo­ma­re­o­bas cu­dad afa­seb­dnen. amas­Tan, sir­ku­ze­lebs
ar un­do­daT, rom aTe­ne­le­bi si­ci­li­is sxva ad­gi­las dam­kvid­re­
bu­liy­vnen, da ga­dam­wyve­ti brZo­lis ga­mar­Tva Ca­i­fiq­res. maT
zRva­Si ga­iy­va­nes xo­mal­de­bi da sas­wav­lo ma­nev­rebs ata­reb­dnen.
xel­say­rel dros ki ie­ri­Si mi­i­ta­nes aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­re­ze. maT
wi­na­aR­mdeg hop­li­te­bi­sa da mxed­re­bis pa­ta­ra raz­mi ga­mo­vi­da.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma isi­ni uku­aq­ci­es. brZo­la­Si aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­moc­
da­a­Ti cxe­ni da ram­de­ni­me hop­li­ti da­kar­ges.
im dRes si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ukan da­i­xi­es. me­o­re dRes ma­Ti es­kad­
ra, ro­me­lic sa­moc­da­Teq­vsme­ti xo­mal­dis­gan Sed­ge­bo­da,
zRva­Si ga­vi­da. ama­ve dros aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­res sax­me­le­To jar­ma
Se­u­ti­a. aTe­nel­Ta oTx­moc­da­eq­vsi xo­mal­di mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gesTan
Se­sax­ved­rad da­iZ­ra. aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ris mar­jve­na frTa­ze
ev­ri­me­do­ni Se­e­ca­da Se­mov­li­Ti ma­nev­ris gan­xor­ci­e­le­bas,
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mag­ram Za­li­an ga­Wi­ma sab­rZo­lo xa­zi da na­pirs mi­u­ax­lov­da.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma aTe­nel­Ta cen­tri da­a­mar­cxes, Sem­deg ki ev­ri­
me­do­ni nav­sad­gu­ris siR­rme­Si mo­im­wyvdi­es. Tvi­Ton ev­ri­me­do­ni
da­i­Ru­pa, mi­si xo­mal­de­bi ki ga­nad­gur­da. mte­ri da­ed
­ ev­na aTe­nis
es­kad­ras da cdi­lob­da igi na­pi­ris­ken mi­e­re­ka.
gi­li­pos­ma Se­niS­na, rom mtris xo­mal­de­bi mar­cxde­bod­nen da
na­pirze im ad­gi­ls uax­lov­de­bod­nen, ro­me­lic aTe­ne­lebs ar
hqon­daT da­ka­ve­bu­li. is da­iZ­ra im na­pi­ris­ken, ra­Ta mo­wi­na­aR­
mde­ge gad­mos­xdo­mi­sas ga­e­nad­gu­re­bi­na. tir­se­neb­ma, rom­le­bic
aTe­nel­Ta po­zi­ci­as icav­dnen, Se­am­Cni­es, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge
uwes­ri­god utev­da da da­sax­ma­reb­lad mi­vid­nen. isi­ni da­es­xnen
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis me­wi­na­ve razms da Wa­ob­Si Se­re­kes. Ta­vi­an­Ti
xo­mal­de­bis be­diT Se­wu­xe­bu­li aTe­ne­le­bic da­iZ­rnen si­ra­
ku­zel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg. maT ga­i­mar­jves xel­Car­Tul brZo­la­Si,
uku­aq­ci­es mte­ri da dev­ni­sas hop­li­te­bi da­u­xo­ces. aTe­ne­leb­ma
ga­da­ar­Ci­nes es­kad­ris di­di na­wi­li, mag­ram Tvra­me­ti xo­mal­di
Ta­vis eki­pa­Ji­a­nad da­i­Ru­pa. aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis mo­sas­po­bad
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma aseT xerxs mi­mar­Tes: Zve­li sat­vir­To xo­mal­di
fiCx­i­Ta da fi­si­a­ni Ci­raR­dne­biT ga­av­ses, cecx­li mo­u­ki­des da
qars ga­at
­ a­nes, ro­me­lic aTe­ne­le­bis­ken ube­rav­da. aTe­ne­leb­
ma dro­u­lad mi­mar­Tes sa­Wi­ro zo­mebs da es saf­rTxe Ta­vi­dan
ai­ci­les.
amis me­re si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma aR­mar­Tes ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni, rad­
gan sazR­vao brZo­la mo­i­ges da aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­res­Tan hop­li­
te­bis raz­mi da­am
­ ar­cxes. aTe­ne­leb­mac aR­mar­Tes ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni, rad­gan xme­leT­ze si­ra­ku­zel­Ta ukug­de­ba mo­a­xer­xes.
aTe­ne­le­bi ga­te­xa de­mos­Te­nesis es­kad­ris mar­cxma. sab­rZo­
lo be­dis Se­mob­ru­ne­bam maT ime­di ga­uc­ru­a. mag­ram ki­dev uf­ro
di­di iyo si­na­nu­li am laS­qro­bis ga­mo. si­ci­li­a­ze aTe­ne­le­bi
pir­ve­lad da­u­pi­ris­pir­dnen msgav­si kul­tu­ri­sa da sa­xel­mwi­fo
wyo­bis qvey­nebs. maT verc gan­xeT­qi­le­ba Se­i­ta­nes am qvey­neb­Si
da verc sam­xed­ro Za­liT daT­rgu­nes isi­ni. ma­Ti gaT­vle­bi ar
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ga­mar­Tlda da, Tu ad­rec xvde­bod­nen Ta­vi­si mdgo­ma­re­o­bis
sir­Tu­les, zRva­ze mar­cxis Sem­deg is ka­tas­tro­fu­li aR­moC­nda.
ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi Ta­ma­mad da­cu­rav­dnen
nav­sad­gu­ris gas­wvriv da ke­tav­dnen mis ga­sas­vlels. ax­la isi­ni
sa­ku­Tar ga­dar­Ce­na­ze ki aRar fiq­rob­dnen, ara­med ima­ze, rom
aTe­nel­TaT­vis mo­es­poT ga­dar­Ce­nis ime­di. isi­ni Ta­vi­anT mdgo­
ma­re­o­bas sru­li­ad sa­mar­Tli­a­nad xel­say­re­lad mi­iC­nev­dnen
da dar­wmu­ne­bu­lebi iy­vnen, rom sa­bo­lo­od da­a­mar­cxeb­dnen
aTe­ne­lebs xme­leT­sa da zRva­ze, rac elin­Ta Tval­Si udi­de­si
gmi­ro­ba iq­ne­bo­da. ma­Sin sxva eli­ne­bic mo­ip­ o­veb­dnen Ta­vi­suf­
le­bas, xo­lo si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi – di­de­bas.
si­ra­ku­zas­Tan brZo­la­Si, ama Tu im mxa­res, TiT­qmis mTe­li
ela­da mo­na­wi­le­ob­da. mag­ram erT mxa­res aTe­ne­le­bi war­mo­ad­
gen­dnen wam­yvan Za­las, me­o­re mxa­res ki – si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi. si­ra­
ku­ze­lebs di­di ime­di hqon­daT, rom sa­bo­lo­od da­a­mar­cxeb­dnen
aTe­ne­lebs da ar mis­cem­dnen maT arc zRviT da arc xme­le­TiT
ukan da­xe­vis sa­Su­a­le­bas. maT ga­da­ke­tes di­di nav­sad­gu­ri­dan
ga­sas­vle­li, ro­me­lic da­ax­lo­e­biT rva sta­di­o­ni si­ga­ni­sa iyo.
gar­da ami­sa, maT mi­i­Res sxva zo­me­bi im Sem­Txve­vi­saT­vis, Tu
aTe­ne­le­bi ki­dev ga­be­dav­dnen zRva­ze brZo­las.
aTe­ne­li sar­dle­bi kvlav sa­TaT­bi­rod Se­ik­rib­nen. maT
ga­dawy­vi­tes da­e­to­ve­bi­naT ze­mo si­mag­re­e­bi da ga­e­mag­re­bi­
naT rac Se­iZ­le­ba mci­re siv­rce Ta­vi­anTi ge­me­bis max­lob­lad,
avad­myo­fe­bi­sa da aR­Wur­vi­lo­bisaTvis. ja­ris da­nar­Ce­ni nawili
un­da asu­li­yo ge­meb­ze da ga­dam­wyve­ti brZo­la ga­e­mar­Ta. ga­mar­
jve­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si ka­ta­nas mi­mar­Tu­le­biT wa­vi­dod­nen, xo­lo
Tu da­mar­cxde­bod­nen, xo­mal­debs daw­vav­dnen da ec­de­bod­nen
xme­leT­ze ga­e­ka­faT gza im mi­mar­Tu­le­biT, sa­dac bar­ba­ro­si an
eli­ni me­gob­re­bi egu­le­bo­daT. asec mo­iq­cnen. maT fa­ru­lad
da­to­ves ze­mo si­mag­re­e­bi da xo­mal­deb­ze das­xes xal­xi. sul
as aTi xo­mal­di aR­Wur­ves. ni­ki­as­ma ga­mam­xne­ve­be­li sity­viT
mi­mar­Ta meb­rZo­lebs:
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`Ta­na­meb­rZo­le­bo, Cven miv­di­varT brZo­la­Si, ro­me­lic
Ti­To­e­u­li Cven­­ga­nis­Tvis Ta­nab­rad aris si­cocx­lis­Tvis da
sam­Sob­los­Tvis brZo­la. Tu ga­vi­mar­jvebT, zo­gi Cven­­ga­ni ma­inc
ixi­lavs sam­Sob­los. ami­tom nu dav­Ron­de­biT axal­be­de­bi­viT,
vis­Tvi­sac pir­ve­li mar­cxis Sem­deg Si­Si Tvi­Ton iq­ce­va ube­du­
re­bad. un­da gax­sov­deT, rom om­Si mo­u­lod­ne­lo­bebi xde­ba. im
ime­diT, rom be­di isev gag­vi­Ri­mebs, un­da wa­vi­deT sab­rZol­ve­
lad da vi­o­moT ise, ro­gorc Cvens did laS­qars SeS­ve­nis. Cven
mi­vi­ReT yve­la zo­ma, rom­le­bic, Cve­ni az­riT, ga­mog­vad­ge­ba im
mowy­o­bi­lo­ba­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg, ri­Tic mter­ma dag­va­mar­cxa. Cven
xo­mal­deb­ze gvyavs mSvil­dos­ne­bi da Su­bis mtyor­cne­le­bi. Ria
zRva­Si rom gvi­wev­des brZo­la, ra­sak­vir­ve­li­a, am­den xalxs ar
aviy­van­diT, rad­gan ga­dat­vir­Tu­li ge­mi cu­dad ma­nev­ri­rebs.
mag­ram ax­la Cven xo­mal­de­bi­dan ise un­da vib­rZo­loT, TiT­qos
xme­leT­ze varT. Cven mo­vi­go­neT sxva­das­xva mowy­o­bi­lo­ba,
ri­Tic xo­mal­de­bis brZo­li­su­na­ri­a­no­ba gav­zar­deT. Cven gvaqvs
sa­ab
­ or­da­Jo ka­uW
­ e­bi rki­nis Ta­Te­biT, rom­le­bic Se­ja­xe­bis me­re
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis xo­malds aRar ga­uS­ve­bs. rad­gan Cven xo­mal­
deb­ze ise un­da vib­rZo­loT, ro­gorc xme­leT­ze, cxa­di­a, arc
Tvi­Ton un­da da­vi­xi­oT ukan da arc mte­ri ga­vuS­vaT, miT uf­ro,
rom sa­na­pi­ro TiT­qmis mTli­a­nad mtris xel­Si­a.
es un­da gvax­sov­des da ar miv­ceT maT sa­Su­al
­ e­ba na­pir­Tan
mig­vim­wyvdi­on. mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis xo­malds rom ga­da­eb­mebiT,
mxned un­da id­geT, sa­nam maT hop­li­tebs gem­ba­ni­dan ar ga­day­
riT. amas pir­vel rig­Si hop­li­tebs va­va­leb, rad­gan es aris
gem­ban­ze myo­fi me­om­re­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di amo­ca­na. Cven un­da ga­vi­
mar­jvoT sax­me­le­To Za­le­biT. me­niC­be­ebs ki vTxov, nu da­a­Ro­
nebT war­su­li wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­be­bi. Cve­ni ge­me­bi ax­la ukeT aris
mowy­o­bi­li da ge­me­bic ax­la ufro me­ti gvyavs.
aTe­ne­le­bo, ki­dev er­Txel Se­gax­se­nebT, rom gem­sa­Se­neb­Si
aRar gvyavs am­gva­ri xo­mal­de­bi da Tqven ve­Rar Seg­cvli­an axal­
gaz­rda hop­li­te­bi. Tu Tqven ver ga­i­mar­jvebT, Tqve­ni aqa­u­ri
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mtre­bi ma­Sin­ve ela­das mi­a­Su­re­ben da Tqve­ni Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­e­
bi ve­Rar mo­a­xer­xe­ben mtris mo­ge­ri­e­bas. amis Se­de­gad Tqven
si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xel­Si aR­moC­nde­biT, xo­lo Tqve­ni Ta­na­me­ma­mu­
le­e­bi – la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta ba­to­no­bis qveS. am brZo­la­Si wyde­ba
Tqve­ni da ma­Ti be­di. ami­tom mag­rad ide­qiT da gax­sov­deT,
rom Ti­To­eu
­ ­li Tqven­­ga­ni war­mo­ad­gens flot­sac, laS­qar­sac
da Tqven­ze dgas aTe­nis sa­xel­mwi­fo. Tu ro­me­li­me Tqven­­ga­ni
ra­me cod­niT an Rir­se­biT ga­mo­ir­Ce­va, ax­la ga­mo­av­li­nos es.
uke­Te­si sa­Su­a­le­ba mas aRar eq­ne­ba~.
ni­ki­as­ma am sity­ve­bis Sem­deg brZa­na xo­mal­deb­ze as­vla. gi­li­
pos­sa da si­ra­ku­ze­lebs kar­gad es­mo­daT aTe­nel­Ta sur­vi­li.
gar­da ami­sa, si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma wi­nas­war ga­i­ges rki­nis ka­u­We­bis
Se­sa­xeb da maT sa­wi­na­aR­mde­go zo­me­bi mi­i­Res: xo­mal­de­bis wi­na
na­wil­sa da gver­debs tya­vi ga­da­ak­res, rom ka­u­Wi mas­ze gas­
ri­a­le­bu­li­yo da gems ver Cas­Wi­de­bo­da. ro­de­sac yve­la­fe­ri
mzad iyo, gi­li­pos­ma da sxva sar­dleb­ma Ta­vi­an­Ti me­om­re­bi
ga­am­xne­ves:
`Tqve­ni sag­mi­ro saq­me­e­bi­sa da mo­ma­va­li brZo­lis Se­sa­xeb,
ro­me­lic axal di­de­bas mog­vi­tans, Tqven ra­sak­vir­ve­lia iciT,
mag­ram ma­inc Se­gax­se­nebT. aTe­ne­le­bi mo­vid­nen aq, ra­Ta da­i­mor­
Ci­lon si­ci­li­a, Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­si da bo­los mTe­li ela­da.
maT uk­ve mi­aR­wi­es udi­des Zli­e­re­bas eli­nur sa­xel­mwi­fo­Ta
So­ris. Tqven pir­ve­le­bi iya­viT, vinc isi­ni zRva­ze da­a­mar­cxa.
Tqven, cxa­di­a, ax­lac ga­i­mar­jvebT, rad­gan, ro­de­sac ada­mi­a­ni
iq mar­cxde­ba, sa­dac gan­sa­kuT­re­biT Zli­e­ri da ga­moc­di­li­a, is
Ta­vis Za­leb­Si rwme­na­sa da mxne­o­bas kar­gavs. aseT dRe­Si ari­an
ax­la aTe­ne­le­bi. Tqven ki ga­be­deT maT­Tan brZo­la, ro­de­sac
jer ki­dev ga­mo­uc­de­le­bi iya­viT. ax­la Zle­va­mo­si­le­bi gax­diT
da sru­li sa­fuZ­ve­li gaqvT, rom ki­dev ga­i­mar­jvoT. rac Se­e­
xe­ba maT mcde­lo­bas, mi­i­Ron Cvens sab­rZo­lo mowy­ob
­ i­lo­ba­Ta
sa­pi­ris­pi­ro zo­me­bi, is maT war­ma­te­bas ar mo­u­tans. Cven kar­gad
vic­nobT am sa­Su­a­le­bebs da mzad varT. aTe­ne­lebs Cve­u­le­bis
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sa­wi­na­aR­mde­god bev­ri hop­li­ti da sxva sax­me­le­To meb­rZo­li
hyavT ge­meb­ze. ro­gor ai­ci­le­ben ga­dat­vir­TviT ga­mow­ve­ul
saf­rTxe­sa da are­u­lo­bas am uC­ve­u­lo si­tu­a­ci­a­Si? ma­Ti xo­mal­
de­bis ricx­ob­ri­vi upi­ra­te­so­ba maT ar uS­ve­lis, rad­gan viw­ro
ad­gi­las xo­mal­de­bis simravle ma­nev­rebs afer­xebs. Cven ki Cveni
mowy­ob
­ i­lo­bebis meS­ve­ob
­ iT mters did zi­ans mo­vu­tanT. da­bo­
los, gety­viT nam­dvil mi­zezs, ris ga­moc Cven un­da ga­vi­mar­
jvoT. ga­mo­u­val­ma mdgo­ma­re­o­bam aTe­ne­le­bi sa­so­war­kve­Tam­de
mi­iy­va­na. isi­ni uf­ro me­tad iR­bals en­do­bi­an, vid­re sa­ku­Tar
mzad­yof­nas. maT surT ga­aR­wi­on aqe­dan zRviT an xme­le­TiT,
rad­gan ici­an, rom ama­ze ua­re­si aRa­ra­fe­ri mo­u­vaT.
maS, Se­vu­ti­oT Cvens mo­sis­xle mtrebs, rom­le­bic bed­ma
Cven wi­na­Se da­a­Co­qa. gax­sov­deT, ada­mi­ans aqvs uf­le­ba Su­ri
iZi­os mter­ze da am tkbil Su­ris­Zi­e­bas Cven ma­le aR­vas­ru­
lebT. xo­lo aTe­ne­le­bi rom Cve­ni da­u­Zi­ne­be­li mtre­bi ari­an,
Tqven kar­gad iciT. isi­ni aq Cvens da­sa­mo­neb­lad mo­vid­nen. ami­
tom ara­vi­Ta­ri dan­do­ba mters. maT rom da­va­mar­cxebT, mTel
si­ci­li­as Ta­vi­suf­le­bas Se­vu­nar­Cu­nebT. es mSve­ni­e­ri jil­doa
ga­mar­jve­bis­Tvis~.
am sity­ve­bis me­re gi­li­pos­ma da si­ra­ku­zel­ma sar­dleb­ma
laS­qa­ri xo­mal­deb­ze das­xes. bo­lo wuTs ni­ki­as­ma xi­fa­Tis
mo­ax­lo­e­ba ig­rZno da da­ib­na. mas eC­ve­ne­bo­da, rom yve­la­fe­ri
ar iyo mzad da xal­xis­Tvis ki­dev ra­Ra­cis Tqma un­do­da. man
kvlav Sek­ri­ba xo­mal­de­bis me­Ta­ur
­ e­bi da maT sa­Ti­Ta­od mi­mar­Ta,
ga­ix­se­na ma­Ti Zve­li dam­sa­xu­re­be­bi da mo­u­wo­da si­ma­ma­cis­ken.
amis Sem­deg ni­ki­as­ma sax­me­le­To ja­ri sa­na­pi­ros­ken daZ­ra da
sab­rZo­lo xa­zi maq­si­ma­lu­rad ga­Wi­ma, ra­Ta xo­mal­deb­ze myof­ni
ga­em­xne­ve­bi­na. de­mos­Te­nesma ki sad­go­mi da­to­va da nav­sad­gu­
ri­dan ga­sas­vle­lis­ken ga­cu­ra.
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­sa da maT mo­kav­Si­re­ebs da­ax­lo­e­biT imde­ni­ve
xo­mal­di hyav­daT, ramdenic ad­re. ma­Ti na­wi­li nav­sadgu­ri­dan
ga­sas­vle­lis Ca­sa­ke­tad da­a­ye­nes, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki mTel nav­sad­
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gur­Si gan­lag­dnen, ra­Ta aTe­ne­le­bis­Tvis yve­la mxri­dan Se­e­
ti­aT. ama­ve dros si­ra­ku­zel­Ta qve­iT
­ i ja­ri ise gan­lag­da, rom
sa­Wi­ro­e­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si xo­mal­debs dax­ma­re­bo­da. aTe­ne­leb­ma
ie­ri­Si mi­i­ta­nes ga­sas­vlel­Si mdgom xo­mal­deb­ze da Se­ec
­ ad­nen,
jaW­vi ga­er­Rvi­aT. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da ma­Ti mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi yve­la
mxri­dan Tavs da­es­xnen aTe­ne­lebs da ficx­el
­ i brZo­la ga­CaR­da.
meb­rZo­le­bi ori­ve mxri­dan did xe­lov­ne­ba­sa da Tav­gan­wir­vas
iCen­dnen. jer ara­so­des ub­rZo­lia am­den xo­malds aseT pa­ta­ra
teritoriaze. ori­ve mxri­dan TiT­qmis ora­si xo­mal­di iyo. isi­ni
ver iye­neb­dnen sazR­vao brZo­lis­Tvis da­ma­xa­si­a­Te­bel ile­Tebs.
Zi­ri­Ta­dad, Sem­Txve­vi­Ti Se­ja­xe­be­bi xde­bo­da, ro­de­sac er­Ti
xo­mal­di me­o­res ga­ur­bo­da da me­sa­mes eja­xe­bo­da. sa­nam ge­me­
bi er­Tma­neTs uax­lov­de­bod­nen, me­om­re­bi er­Tma­neTs Su­bebs,
is­reb­sa da qvebs es­rod­nen, xo­lo ro­de­sac ax­los mi­vi­dod­nen,
gem­ban­ze myof­Ta So­ris xel­Car­Tu­li brZo­la imar­Te­bo­da.
sax­me­le­To ja­ri ori­ve mxri­dan da­Za­bu­lad adev­neb­da Tvals
sazR­vao brZo­las. aTe­ne­lebs mTe­li ime­di xo­mal­deb­ze hqon­
daT gadatanili da maT mo­mav­lis wi­na­Se Si­Si ipy­rob­da.
xan­grZli­vi da sas­ti­ki brZo­lis Sem­deg, ro­mel­Sic ori­ve
mxa­rem di­di da­na­kar­gi ga­ni­ca­da, ma­inc si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­i­
mar­jves. maT ak­ri­fes xo­mal­de­bis nam­tvre­ve­bi da da­Ru­pul­Ta
cxed­re­bi, qa­laq­Si dab­run­dnen da ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­
Tes. Tav­zar­da­ce­mul aTe­ne­lebs arc ki uTx­o­vi­aT Ta­vi­an­Ti
da­Ru­pu­le­bi da­sak­rZa­lad. isi­ni mxo­lod ima­ze fiq­rob­dnen,
Tu ro­gor ga­eR­wi­aT iqi­dan. de­mos­Te­nesma ur­Cia ni­ki­ass, asu­
liy­vnen ga­dar­Ce­nil xo­mal­deb­ze da ki­dev er­Txel eca­daT
nav­sad­gu­ri­dan gas­vla. igi am­tki­ceb­da, rom aTe­ne­lebs me­ti
ga­mar­Tu­li xo­mal­de­bi dar­CaT, vid­re mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ebs. mar­
Tlac, maT ki­dev sa­mo­ci xo­mal­di hqon­daT, mtrebs ki or­moc­
da­a­Tam­de. ni­ki­a­si da­e­Tan­xma am azrs, mag­ram Se­Si­ne­bu­li xal­xi
uars am­bob­da asu­li­yo xo­mal­deb­ze.
ma­Sin ga­dawy­da xme­le­TiT ukan da­xe­va. si­ra­ku­ze­li her­mok­
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ra­te­si mi­ux­vda aTe­ne­lebs Ca­na­fiqrs. is sa­xi­fa­Tod mi­iC­nev­da,
rom mtris di­di laS­qa­ri si­ci­li­a­ze sxva­gan ga­mag­re­bu­li­yo
da iqi­dan da­ewyo axa­li omi si­ra­ku­zis wi­na­aR­mdeg. ami­tom man
mi­mar­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bas wi­na­da­de­biT, xe­li Se­e­Sa­laT aTe­nel­Ta
Ra­mis ma­nev­ris­Tvis. mi­si rCe­viT, si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi un­da daZ­ru­
liy­vnen mTe­li laS­qriT, Ca­ex
­ er­gaT gze­bi da da­ec­vaT viw­ro
ga­sas­vle­le­bi. xe­li­suf­le­bas es wi­na­da­de­ba mo­ew
­ o­na, mag­ram
maT ver ai­Zu­les xal­xi ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg, Ta­nac he­rak­les
ze­i­mis dros, kvlav sab­rZol­ve­lad ga­su­liy­vnen. ma­Sin her­
mok­ra­tes­ma aseT xerxs mi­mar­Ta. man mi­ag­zav­na ram­de­ni­me ka­ci
aTe­nel­Ta ba­nak­Tan. maT Ta­vi ni­ki­a­sis me­gob­re­bad wa­rad­gi­nes
da ga­af­rTxi­les aTe­ne­le­bi, ar ga­su­liy­vnen Ra­miT, rad­gan
gze­bi Ca­xer­gi­li iyo.
aTe­ne­leb­ma da­i­je­res da ram­de­ni­me dRiT ki­dev ba­nak­Si
dar­Cnen. isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen mo­e­ma­ra­ge­bi­naT yve­la­fe­ri, rac
gza­Si das­Wir­de­bo­daT. ama­so­ba­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma da gi­li­pos­ma
da­ik
­ a­ves is gze­bi, rom­le­bi­Tac aTe­ne­le­bi un­da wa­su­liy­vnen.
si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi ki mi­ad­gnen na­pirs da aTe­nel­Ta
ga­dar­Ce­ni­li ge­me­bi buq­si­riT wa­aT­ri­es.
sazR­vao brZo­lidan me­sa­me dRes ni­ki­as­ma da de­mos­Te­nes­ma
ga­dawy­vi­tes, rom yve­la­fe­ri mzad iyo ba­na­kis da­sa­to­veb­lad.
aTe­nel­Ta mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a sa­Si­ne­li iyo. maT da­kar­ges Ta­vi­an­Ti
xo­mal­de­bi da di­di ga­mar­jve­bis nac­vlad sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vic da
sa­xel­mwi­foc gan­sac­del­Si Ca­ag­des. gar­da ami­sa, ba­na­kic sa­za­
re­li sa­na­xa­vi iyo. da­Ru­pu­le­bi ar da­um­ ar­xavT. mkvdre­bis gver­
diT to­veb­dnen daW­ri­leb­sa da avad­myo­feb­sac. ma­Ti mu­da­ra da
ti­ri­li ki­dev uf­ro Trgu­nav­da laS­qars. isi­ni ex­ve­we­bod­nen
Ta­vi­anT ax­lob­lebs wa­ey­va­naT Tan, mag­ram laS­qars amis sa­Su­
a­le­ba ar hqon­da. maT Trgu­nav­da ase­ve ga­ur­kve­ve­li mo­ma­va­li.
ukan da­xe­va wa­a­gav­da mo­sax­le­ob
­ is gaq­ce­vas mtris mi­er da­ka­
ve­bu­li di­di qa­la­qi­dan: es brbo da­ax­lo­e­biT or­mo­ci aTa­si
ka­cis­gan Sed­ge­bo­da. amas­Tan, Ti­To­e­ul meb­rZols mih­qon­da yve­
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la­fe­ri, rac sWir­de­bo­da. hop­li­te­bi da mxed­re­bic ki ia­ra­Ris
gar­da mi­aT­rev­dnen sur­saT­sac, rad­gan zogs msa­xu­re­bi aRar
hyav­da, zo­gi ki maT aRar en­do­bo­da. sur­sa­Tic co­ta hqon­daT,
pu­ri TiT­qmis aRar iyo ba­nak­Si. er­Tgva­ri nu­ge­Si maT­Tvis is
iyo, rom am dRe­Si uam­ra­vi xal­xi aR­moC­nda.
ni­ki­a­si xe­dav­da mi­si me­om­re­bis daT­rgu­nul mdgo­ma­re­o­bas
da cdi­lob­da ga­em­xne­ve­bi­na isi­ni:
`a­Te­ne­le­bo da mo­kav­Si­re­e­bo! am sa­Si­nel mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Sic
ar un­da da­kar­goT ime­di. sxvas ua­re­si gan­sac­de­lis­Tvi­sac
da­uR­we­via Ta­vi. nu da­i­da­na­Sa­u­lebT Tavs cal­ke­ul wa­ru­ma­
teb­lo­beb­sa da da­um­sa­xu­re­bel ube­du­re­ba­Si, rac Tavs dag­
vaty­da. ai, mec ra dRe­Si Ca­mag­do avad­myo­fo­bam. arc pi­ra­di
ke­Til­dRe­o­biT, arc ker­Zo, arc sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­me­eb­Si sxvas
ar Ca­mo­vu­var­de­bo­di. ax­la ki ri­giT me­om­reb­Tan er­Tad var am
gan­sac­del­Si. amas­Tan, me ara­so­des mi­Ra­la­tia Ce­mi va­lis­Tvis
Rmer­Te­bis wi­na­Se da yo­vel­Tvis pa­ti­o­sa­ni vi­ya­vi ada­mi­a­neb­Tan
ur­Ti­er­To­ba­Si. ami­tom ax­lac, mi­u­xe­da­vad yve­laf­ri­sa, ime­diT
vu­yu­reb mo­ma­vals. Cve­ni gan­sac­de­li ar ma­Si­nebs, rad­gan is
ma­le das­rul­deba. Cvens mtrebs be­di uk­ve di­di xnis man­Zil­ze
swya­lob­da, da Tu Cven si­ci­li­a­Si laS­qro­biT ro­me­li­me RvTa­e­
ba gan­va­ris­xeT, uk­ve sak­ma­ri­sad ga­mo­vis­yi­deT Cve­ni da­na­Sa­u­li.
ami­tom, ime­di maqvs, Rmer­Ti ax­la uf­ro gul­mowy­al
­ e gax­de­ba.
Cven mis Ta­nag­rZno­bas ufro vim­sa­xu­rebT, vid­re Surs.
Tu Tqven Tavs Se­xe­davT, ro­de­sac ab­ja­ras­xmu­le­bi sab­
rZo­lo na­bi­jiT mi­di­xarT, Tqve­ni be­di ar un­da ga­dar­deb­deT.
Tu sad­me da­ba­nak­de­biT, Se­giZ­li­aT qa­la­qic Seq­mnaT da si­ci­
li­is verc er­Ti sxva qa­la­qi ver SeZ­lebs Tqven­Tan gam­kla­ve­
bas. ax­la Tqven Ta­vad un­da adev­noT Tva­li imas, rom Tqve­ni
laS­qro­ba mo­wes­ri­ge­bu­lad mi­di­o­des. Ti­To­e­uli go­ji mi­wa,
rom­lis­Tvi­sac gi­wevT brZo­la, Se­iZ­le­ba iq­ces Tqvens da­say­
rde­nad. Cven ga­u­Ce­reb­lad un­da vi­a­roT dRe da Ra­me. sak­ve­bi
co­ta gvaqvs da Tavs sam­Svi­do­bo­ze mxo­lod ma­Sin vig­rZnobT,
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ro­de­sac Cve­ni mo­kav­Si­re si­ku­le­bis mi­was mi­vaR­wevT. Cven uk­ve
ga­vug­zav­neT maT brZa­ne­ba, rom dag­vxvdnen da sak­ve­bi mog­
va­wo­don. gax­sov­deT, ma­ma­ce­bi un­da iyoT, rad­gan aq ar aris
ad­gi­li, sa­dac Ta­vis Se­fa­re­bas SeZ­lebT. Tu aqe­dan ga­vaR­wi­
eT, isev na­xavT imas, rac gvin­da – sam­Sob­lo­sa da ax­lob­lebs.
Tqven, aTe­ne­le­bo, aRad­genT Tqve­ni qvey­nis Zli­e­re­bas. qve­ya­na
xom xal­xia da ara ked­le­bi da ca­ri­e­li xo­mal­de­bi~.
ase am­xne­veb­da ni­ki­a­si Ta­vis ja­ris­ka­cebs. am­gva­rad iq­ceo­da
de­mos­Te­nesic. aTe­nel­Ta laS­qa­ri mar­TkuTx­ed
­ ad iyo dawy­o­
bi­li: win ni­ki­a­sis raz­mi mi­di­o­da, mas de­mos­Te­nesi mih­yve­bo­da,
aRa­li Su­a­Si iyo moq­ce­ul
­ i da mas hop­li­te­bi icav­dnen. xid­Tan
maT gza si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma ga­da­u­Ro­bes. aTe­ne­leb­ma uku­ag­des
mte­ri da gza ga­ag­rZe­les. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi maT ar as­ve­neb­dnen.
mxed­re­bi flan­ge­bi­dan es­xmod­nen Tavs, xo­lo msu­bu­qad Se­i­
a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Te­bi Su­bebs es­rod­nen. im dRes aTe­ne­leb­ma
mdi­na­ris mar­jve­na na­pir­ze or­mo­ci sta­di­o­ni ga­ia­ ­res da Ra­me
ro­me­li­Rac bor­cvTan ga­a­Ti­es. me­or
­ e dRes isi­ni di­la­ad­ri­
an da­iZ­rnen, oci sta­di­o­ni ga­i­a­res, dab­lob­Si da­eS­vnen da iq
da­ba­nak­dnen. maT un­do­daT wylis ma­ra­gis Sev­se­ba. ama­so­ba­Si
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma maT isev mo­uW­res gza da ci­ca­bo fer­do­beb­ze
gan­lag­dnen. me­o­re dRes aTe­ne­leb­ma gza ga­nag­rZes. mag­ram
si­ra­ku­ze­li mxed­re­bis Se­mo­te­vis ga­mo, xan­grZli­vi brZo­lis
me­re, iZu­le­bu­lebi gax­dnen ba­nak­Si dab­ru­ne­bu­liy­vnen.
me­o­re di­liT aTe­ne­le­bi kvlav da­iZ­rnen ba­na­ki­dan. brZo­la
ga­nax­lda. aTe­ne­leb­ma ver mo­a­xer­xes si­maR­lis aRe­ba da da­sas­
ve­neb­lad ukan da­i­xi­es. am dros Se­mod­go­mi­saT­vis Cve­u­li We­qa-­
qu­xi­li da wvi­ma da­iwy­o. es aTe­ne­leb­ma cud niS­nad mi­iC­ni­es.
sa­nam isi­ni is­ve­neb­dnen, gi­li­pos­ma da si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma laS­qris
na­wi­li gag­zav­nes aTe­nel­Ta zur­gSi, ra­Ta ukan da­sax­ve­vi gza
mo­eW­raT. aTe­ne­leb­mac gag­zav­nes raz­mi maT wi­na­aR­mdeg. Sem­deg
ki­dev da­i­xi­es dab­lo­bis siR­rme­Si da Ra­me Ria cis qveS ga­a­ta­
res. Sem­deg­ma dRe­mac ase Ca­i­a­ra. aTe­ne­leb­ma xu­Ti Tu eq­vsi
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sta­di­o­ni ga­ia­ ­res da da­sas­ve­neb­lad ga­Cer­dnen. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi
Ta­vi­anT ba­nak­Si dab­run­dnen.
aTe­nel­ebi umZi­mes mdgo­ma­re­o­baSi iyvnen. maT ar hyof­ni­daT
sak­ve­bi da mter­Tan ga­u­Ta­ve­be­li Se­ta­ke­be­bis ga­mo bev­ri daW­
ri­li hyav­daT. ni­ki­as­ma da de­mos­Te­nes­ma ga­dawyvi­tes Ci­raR­
dne­bi aen­ToT da Ra­miT­ve daZ­ru­liy­vnen, mag­ram ara im gziT,
rom­li­Tac Tav­da­pir­ve­lad mi­di­od­nen, ara­med sa­pi­ris­pi­ro
mi­mar­Tu­le­biT, sa­dac maT si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi ar elod­nen. ni­ki­a­
sis raz­mi swra­fad mi­di­o­da, mag­ram de­mos­Te­nesis raz­mis di­di
na­wi­li Ca­mor­Ca. di­las ori­ve raz­mma zRvas mi­aR­wia da iqi­dan
mdi­na­ris xe­o­bas auy­vnen si­ku­le­bis qvey­ni­sa­ken. mdi­na­res­Tan
maT kvlav si­ra­ku­zel­Ta raz­mma ga­da­u­Ro­ba gza. aTe­ne­leb­ma
isic uku­aq­ci­es da svla ga­ag­rZe­les.
ama­so­ba­Si si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma da mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ma aR­mo­a­Ci­nes,
rom aTe­ne­le­bi ba­na­ki­dan wa­su­liy­vnen. maT eW­vi ga­uC­ndaT,
rom gi­li­pos­ma maT gaq­ce­vis sa­Su­a­le­ba mis­ca. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi
da­e­dev­nen mters da aTe­ne­lebs Su­adR­is­Tvis da­e­wiv­nen. isi­ni
ma­Sin­ve ek­veT­nen de­mos­Te­ne­sis razms. ni­ki­a­si ki da­ax­lo­e­biT
or­moc­da­aT
­ i sta­di­o­niT win iyo. igi de­mos­Te­nes­ze uf­ro swra­
fad mi­di­o­da da mi­iC­nev­da, rom swo­red swra­fi ukan da­xe­va da
uki­du­res Sem­Txve­va­Si brZo­la­Si Cab­ma ga­dar­Ce­nis met imeds
iZ­le­o­da. de­mos­Te­nesma zur­gSi si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da­i­na­xa da
ga­dawy­vi­ta maT Seb­rZo­le­bo­da. raz­mis sab­rZo­lod dawy­ob
­ a­ze
man sak­mao dro da­kar­ga da si­ra­ku­ze­le­bis al­ya­Si aR­moC­nda.
si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi eri­de­bod­nen xel­Car­Tul brZo­las. maT So­ri­
dan es­rod­nen is­reb­sa da Su­bebs.
mTe­li dRe ase gag­rZel­da. Sem­deg gi­li­pos­ma da si­ra­ku­ze­
leb­ma mac­nes meS­ve­o­biT ga­mo­acx­a­des, rom kun­Zu­lis mkvidrT
Se­eZ­loT maT mxa­re­ze ga­das­vla da Ta­vi­suf­le­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba.
mar­Tlac, ram­de­ni­me qvey­nis raz­mi si­ra­ku­ze­le­bis mxa­re­ze
ga­da­vi­da. Sem­deg de­mos­Te­nesis da­nar­Cen­ma meb­rZo­leb­mac
da­ya­res ia­ra­Ri im pi­ro­biT, rom maT si­cocx­les Se­u­nar­Cu­
307
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neb­dnen. sul eq­vsi aTa­si ka­ci da­neb­da. fu­li, rac hqon­daT,
me­om­reb­ma fa­reb­ze da­ya­res. ase ga­iv­so oTxi fa­ri, rom­le­bic
si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma sas­wra­fod qa­laq­Si wa­i­Res.
Sem­deg dRes si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da­ew
­ iv­nen ni­ki­ass, ac­no­bes mas
de­mos­Te­nesis da­ne­be­bis Se­sa­xeb da ma­sac igi­ve mos­Txo­ves.
ni­ki­ass amis da­je­re­ba ar un­do­da da mxe­da­ri ga­ag­zav­na, rom
dar­wmu­ne­bu­li­yo ama­Si. mxe­da­ri ma­le dab­run­da da da­a­das­tu­ra,
rom de­mos­Te­nesis raz­mi mar­Tla da­neb­da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges. ma­Sin
ni­ki­as­ma Ses­Ta­va­za gi­li­pos­sa da si­ra­ku­ze­lebs, rom da­deb­da
xel­Sek­ru­le­bas aTe­nel­Ta sa­xe­liT da au­nazR­a­u­reb­da si­ra­ku­
ze­lebs omis xar­jebs, Tu isi­ni mis jars ga­uS­veb­dnen. fu­lis
ga­dax­dam­de is mZev­lad uto­veb­da aTe­ne­lebs Ti­To kacs erT
ta­lan­tze. gi­li­pos­ma da si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma uar­yves es wi­na­da­de­
ba. isi­ni Tavs da­es­xnen aTe­ne­lebs, al­ya­Si mo­aq­ci­es da yo­ve­li
mxri­dan is­re­bi da Su­be­bi da­u­Si­nes. aTe­nel­Ta mdgo­ma­re­o­ba
Zalian mZi­me iyo. maT ga­dawy­vi­tes, Ra­miT gasc­lod­nen iqa­u­ro­
bas, mag­ram si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma Se­niS­nes es da pe­an­ is sim­Re­ra da­iwy­es.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ua­ri Tqves gaq­ce­va­ze, gar­da er­Ti sa­mas­ka­ci­a­ni raz­
mi­sa, ro­mel­mac mtris ya­ra­u­li ga­ar­Rvia da alal­bed­ze wa­vi­da.
me­o­re dRes brZo­la ga­nax­lda. aTe­ne­le­bi cdi­lob­dnen mi­eR­
wi­aT ise­Ti ad­gi­lis­Tvis, sa­dac mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis mxed­re­bi maT
ve­Rar Se­a­wu­xeb­dnen. maT mi­aR­wi­es mdi­na­rem­de da uwes­ri­god
mi­a­Su­res mas. mte­ri maT zur­gi­dan utev­da da me­o­re na­pir­ze
ga­das­vla­Si xels uS­li­da. mowy­u­re­bu­li meb­rZo­le­bi wyals da­e­
waf­nen. mte­ri ki am dros is­reb­sa da Su­bebs ay­ri­da maT. bev­ri
da­xo­ces. bo­los ni­ki­a­si da­neb­da gi­li­poss, rad­gan mas uf­ro
en­do­bo­da, vid­re si­ra­ku­ze­lebs. ni­ki­as­ma sTxo­va, igi mo­ek­laT,
oRond xoc­va-­Jle­ta Se­ewy­vi­taT. amis Sem­deg gi­li­pos­ma brZa­na,
aTe­ne­le­bi tyved aey­va­naT. yve­la me­o­ma­ri, ima­T gar­da, vinc si­ra­
ku­ze­leb­ma fa­ru­lad wa­iy­va­nes, tyved Ca­var­da. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­ma
mxed­re­bi da­a­dev­nes im sa­mas me­o­mars, rom­le­bic Ra­me ga­iq­cnen,
da xelT ig­des isi­ni. sa­xel­mwi­fos mi­er tyved ay­va­nil­ebze
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bev­rad me­ti iyo fa­ru­lad daty­ve­ve­bu­li da mTe­li si­ci­lia
ga­iv­so ase­Ti tyve­e­biT. bo­lo brZo­la yve­la­ze sis­xlis­mRvre­li
aR­moC­nda da iq Za­li­an bev­ri da­i­Rupa, Tum­ca bev­rma mo­a­xer­xa
gaq­ce­va an uSu­a­lod brZo­lis me­re an Sem­dgom­Si – mo­no­bi­dan
da maT ka­ta­nas Se­a­fa­res Ta­vi. si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi da mo­kav­Si­re­eb
­ i
er­Tad Seg­rov­dnen, wa­mo­iy­va­nes tyve­e­bi, wa­mo­i­Res na­dav­li da
qa­laq­Si dab­run­dnen. tyve­e­bi qvis sam­tex­lo­Si ga­g­zav­nes. ma­Ti
az­riT, yve­la­ze sa­i­me­do ad­gi­las, xo­lo ni­ki­as­sa da de­mos­Te­ness,
mi­u­xe­da­vad gi­li­po­sis wi­na­aR­mde­go­bi­sa, sik­vdi­li mi­u­sa­jes.
gi­li­poss ime­di hqon­da, rom sxva sag­mi­ro saq­me­eb­Tan er­Tad mas
did sa­xels mo­u­tan­da la­ke­de­mon­Si mtris sar­dle­bis Cay­va­na.
er­T-er­Ti maT­ga­ni, de­mos­Te­nesi, mi­si da­u­Zi­ne­be­li mte­ri iyo,
me­o­re ki – me­go­ba­ri. mar­Tlac, ni­ki­as­ma da­a­de­bi­na aTe­ne­lebs
za­vi da mi­aR­wia tyve­eb
­ is gan­Ta­vi­suf­le­bas. amis ga­mo la­ke­
de­mo­ne­le­bi mis mi­marT kar­gad iy­vnen gan­wyo­bi­li da ni­ki­as
­ ic
swo­red ami­tom en­do gi­li­poss. mag­ram is xal­xi si­ra­ku­za­Si,
vinc ni­ki­ass em­xro­bo­da, ax­la Si­Sob­da, mas isi­ni ar ga­eT­qva.
ko­rin­Te­le­bi ki fiq­rob­dnen, rom ni­ki­a­si mo­a­xer­xeb­da Ta­vis
ga­mos­yid­vas da sax­lSi dab­ru­ne­bu­li maT axal usi­am
­ ov­ne­bas
mo­u­tan­da. es da msgav­si mo­saz­re­be­bi gax­da ni­ki­a­sis sik­vdi­liT
das­jis mi­ze­zi. igi Ce­mi dro­is elin­Ta So­ris yve­la­ze nak­le­bad
im­sa­xu­reb­da am­gvar beds.
pir­vel xa­neb­Si si­ra­ku­ze­le­bi sas­ti­kad epy­ro­bod­nen qvis
sam­tex­lo­eb­Si myof tyve­ebs. uam­ra­vi ada­mi­a­ni hyav­daT Rrma
da viw­ro sa­Tav­so­eb­Si Sey­ri­li. dRi­siT isi­ni mzis sxi­ve­bi­sa da
sicx­is­gan itan­je­bod­nen, xo­lo Se­mod­go­mis Ra­mes – si­ci­vis­gan.
bev­ri da­a­vad­da. sa­moc­da­a­Ti dRis Sem­deg tyve­e­bis um­rav­le­
so­ba, aTe­ne­le­bis gar­da, mo­ne­bad ga­yi­des. sul da­ax­lo­e­biT
Svi­di aTa­si tyve iyo.
es iyo yve­la­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni sam­xed­ro mov­le­na ara mar­to
am omis ganmavlobaSi, ara­med sa­er­To­dac elin­Ta is­to­ri­a­
Si – yve­la­ze brwyin­va­le ga­mar­jve­bul­TaT­vis da dam­Rup­ve­li
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da­mar­cxe­bu­lis­Tvis. mar­Tlac, aTe­ne­le­bi sas­ti­kad da­mar­
cxdnen, maT da­kar­ges flo­ti da sax­me­le­To ja­ri. mxo­lod
er­Te­ul
­ eb­ma mo­a­xer­xes Sin dab­ru­ne­ba.
ase das­rul­da laS­qro­ba si­ci­li­a­ze.
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mer­ve wig­ni
aTe­ne­lebs did­xans ar sur­daT da­je­re­ba, rom ma­Ti Za­le­bi
si­ci­li­a­ze da­i­Ru­pa. bo­los, ga­i­ges si­mar­Tle da Tavs da­es­xnen
ora­to­rebs, vinc am eq­spe­di­ci­is­ken mo­u­wo­deb­da maT, TiT­qos
Tvi­Ton ar mi­e­RoT sa­bo­loo ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba. isi­ni bra­zob­
dnen ag­reT­ve wi­nas­war­mety­ve­leb­ze, ni­San­Ta am­xsne­leb­ze da,
sa­er­Tod, yve­la­ze, vinc ki maT si­ci­li­a­ze war­ma­te­bis imeds
uner­gav­da.
aTe­ne­le­bi SiS­ma da dab­ne­u­lo­bam mo­ic­va. Ti­To­eu
­ l
­ i mo­qa­
la­qe glo­vob­da Ta­vis ax­lob­leb­s, xo­lo qve­ya­na daT­rgu­nu­li
iyo hop­li­te­bis, mxed­re­bis, axal­gaz­rde­bis au­nazR­au
­ ­re­be­li
da­nak­li­siT. gar­da ami­sa, xa­zi­nac ca­ri­el
­ i iyo, aRarc xo­mal­
de­bi da me­niC­be­eb
­ i hyof­ni­daT. isi­ni ga­dar­Ce­nis imeds kar­gav­
dnen, dar­wmu­ne­bu­lebi iy­vnen, rom mte­ri da­u­yov­neb­liv mTe­li
Za­liT Se­mo­ut
­ ev­daT. maT ma­inc ga­dawy­vi­tes, ara­fe­ri da­eT­moT
mtris­Tvis da SeZ­le­bis­dag­va­rad Se­eq­mnaT axa­li ja­ri da flo­
ti. ga­dawy­da, Se­em­ci­re­bi­naT sa­xel­mwi­fo xar­je­bi da aer­Ci­aT
uxu­ces­Ta sab­Wo, ro­me­lic wi­nas­war ga­ni­xi­lav­da sa­val­de­bu­lo
Ro­nis­Zi­e­bebs. ro­gorc de­mok­ra­ti­as sCve­vi­a, Si­Si ai­Zu­leb­da
aTe­ne­lebs, da­ec­vaT mkac­ri wes­ri­gi. ase das­rul­da zaf­xu­li.
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si­ci­li­a­ze aTe­nel­Ta mar­cxis mom­dev­no zam­Tars mTe­li
ela­da mRel­va­re­bam mo­ic­va. zo­gi qve­ya­na, ro­me­lic aqam­de ne­it­
ra­li­tets icav­da, ax­la aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg am­xed­rda. maT
ego­naT, rom si­ci­li­a­ze ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bi ma­Tac
da­es­xmod­nen Tavs. si­nam­dvi­le­Si ki isi­ni xe­dav­dnen, rom omi
mTav­rde­bo­da da ax­la un­do­daT sa­xe­lis mo­po­ve­ba. la­ke­de­mo­
nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re­ebs omis das­ru­le­ba eC­qa­re­bo­daT. aTe­nel­Ta
mi­er da­mor­Ci­le­bu­li qvey­ne­bic mzad iy­vnen ajan­ye­bis­Tvis,
rad­ga­nac maT ar ego­naT, rom aTe­ni ki­dev erT we­li­wads gaZ­
leb­da. yo­ve­li­ve amis ga­mo la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta po­li­ti­ka uf­ro
ga­be­du­li gax­da. gar­da ami­sa, maT ime­di hqon­daT, rom ga­zaf­
xul­ze si­ci­li­e­li mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi did Za­lebs ga­mog­zav­nid­nen
da Zli­e­ri flo­ti ga­uC­nde­bo­daT. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi mzad iy­vnen
mTe­li Za­le­biT Cab­mu­liy­vnen om­Si da, ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­Txve­va­
Si, mTel ela­da­ze ba­to­no­ba mo­e­po­ve­bi­naT.
zam­Tris da­sawy­is­Si­ve agis­ma de­ke­le­a­dan ga­i­laS­qra da
mo­kav­Si­re­Ta­gan Se­ag­ro­va fu­li flo­tis asa­Se­neb­lad. man
da­laS­qra ete­el
­ e­bi, aqe­e­le­bi da sxva to­me­bi fTi­a­Si da Te­sa­li­
el­Ta uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bis mi­ux­ e­da­vad, maT xar­ki da­ak­ is­ra. mZev­le­bi
ko­rin­TosSi gag­zav­na da Seecada es xal­xe­bi la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
kav­Si­ris­Tvis mi­e­er­Te­bi­na. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma mo­kav­Si­re­ebs
asi xo­mal­dis age­ba ub­rZa­nes da ga­zaf­xu­lis­Tvis sam­xed­ro
sam­za­diss Se­ud­gnen.
aTe­ne­le­bic sa­ku­Ta­ri geg­mis mi­xed­viT em­za­de­bod­nen. maT
mo­i­ma­ra­ges xis ma­sa­la, aa­ges xo­mal­de­bi da ga­a­mag­res su­ni­o­
ni, rom pu­ris Se­mo­ta­na uz­run­ve­le­yoT. maT da­to­ves si­mag­re
la­ko­ni­is sa­na­pi­ro­ze da, sa­er­Tod, Se­am­ci­res zed­me­ti xar­je­
bi, Tan Za­li­an yu­radR­e­biT uT­val­Tva­leb­dnen mo­kav­Si­re­ebs,
rad­gan ajan­ye­be­bisa eSi­no­daT.
ori­ve mxa­re ise em­za­de­bo­da, TiT­qos omi axa­li dawy­e­bu­li
iyo. ev­be­e­leb­ma el­Ce­bi ga­ug­zav­nes agiss da mis mxa­re­ze ga­das­
vlis sur­vi­li ga­moT­qves. agis­ma ev­be­a­ze gag­zav­na al­ka­me­no­
312
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si da me­lan­To­si sa­ma­si meb­rZo­liT. Tvi­Ton me­fe ki kun­Zul­
ze ga­da­sas­vle­lad em­za­de­bo­da, ro­de­sac mas­Tan les­bo­se­li
el­Ce­bi mo­vid­nen da ajan­ye­bis mzad­yof­na auwyes. be­o­ti­el­Ta
mxar­da­We­riT maT daar­wmu­nes me­fe, ev­be­a­ze laS­qro­ba ga­da­e­do
da les­bos­ze wa­su­li­yo. agi­si la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta xe­li­suf­le­bas­
Tan Se­u­Tan­xmeb­lad moq­me­deb­da. sa­nam mi­si laS­qa­ri de­ke­le­aS
­ i
id­ga, mas uf­le­ba hqon­da sa­ku­Ta­ri ne­biT ga­eg­zav­na raz­me­bi,
aek­ri­fa ga­da­sa­xa­de­bi da xar­ki. am dros agi­si mo­kav­Si­re­eb­ze
bev­rad uf­ro di­di gav­le­niT sar­geb­lob­da, vid­re la­ke­de­mo­nis
xe­li­suf­le­ba, rad­gan Ta­vi­si ja­riT yve­las SiSs hgvri­da. me­fis
les­bo­se­leb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis dros qi­o­se­leb­ma da erit­ri­e­
leb­mac ga­moT­qves ajan­ye­bis sur­vi­li, mag­ram maT la­ke­de­mons
mi­mar­Tes da ara me­fes. maT­Tan er­Tad iq Ca­vi­da spar­sel­Ta sat­
ra­pis, ti­sa­fer­ne­sis, el­Cic. ti­sa­fer­ne­sic cdi­lob­da pe­lo­po­
ne­se­le­bis mim­xro­bas da maT sur­sa­Tis mi­wo­de­bas hpir­de­bo­da.
me­fe sat­raps xar­ksa sTxov­da, mag­ram ti­sa­fer­nes­ma ver mo­a­xer­xa
eli­nur qa­la­qeb­Si mi­si ak­re­fa aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis ga­mo.
sat­raps ime­di hqon­da, rom aTe­ne­le­bis da­sus­te­bis Sem­deg mo­a­
xer­xeb­da xar­kis ak­re­fas.
am­de­nad, qi­o­se­le­bi da ti­sa­fer­ne­si sa­er­To in­te­re­se­bs
icavdnen. am dros la­ke­de­mon­Si Ca­mo­vid­nen far­na­ba­Zo­sis
el­Ce­bi. igi xo­mal­de­bis gag­zav­nas iTx­ov­da he­les­pon­tSi. ti­sa­
fer­ne­sis msgav­sad, far­na­ba­Zos­sac sur­da aem­xed­re­bi­na Ta­vi­si
pro­vin­ci­is eli­nu­ri qvey­ne­bi aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg da maT­gan
xar­ki ae­Ro, ag­reT­ve un­do­da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi me­fes­Tan kav­
Sir­ze da­e­yo­li­e­bi­na. far­na­ba­Zo­sis da ti­sa­fer­ne­sis el­Ce­bi
er­Tma­ne­Tis­gan da­mo­u­ki­deb­lad moq­me­deb­dnen da ka­ma­Tobdnen
xolme. er­Tni iTx­ov­dnen, la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs qi­os­sa da io­ni­a­
ze ga­e­laS­qraT, me­o­re­ni ki – he­les­pon­tze. Tvi­Ton la­ke­de­
mo­ne­le­bi uf­ro qi­o­sel­Ta da ti­sa­fer­ne­sis wi­na­da­de­bis­ken
ix­re­bod­nen. maT mxa­re­ze iyo alkibiadesic, ro­mel­sac Zve­li
me­gob­ro­ba akav­Si­reb­da efor en­di­os­Tan. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa,
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la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma jer ka­ci ga­g­zav­nes qi­os­ze, ra­Ta Se­e­mow­
me­bi­naT, ram­de­nad Se­e­sa­ba­me­bo­da si­nam­dvi­les cno­be­bi ma­Ti
Za­lis Se­sa­xeb. ro­de­sac es cno­be­bi da­das­tur­da, la­ke­de­mo­
ne­leb­ma qi­o­se­le­bi da erit­ri­e­le­bi mi­iR
­ es sa­ku­Tar kav­Sir­Si
da ga­dawy­vi­tes maT­Tvis or­mo­ci xo­mal­dis gag­zav­na. Ta­vi­dan
isi­ni aTi xo­mal­dis gag­zav­nas api­reb­dnen me­lan­qri­da­sis sar­
dlo­biT, mag­ram mi­wis­Zvris Sem­deg qal­ki­dev­si gag­zav­nes xu­Ti
xo­mal­diT. ase das­rul­da omis mecx­ra­me­te we­li.
ga­zaf­xu­lis dad­go­mis­Ta­na­ve qi­o­se­leb­ma la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
sTxo­ves, sas­wra­fod ga­eg­zav­naT maT­Tvis dax­ma­re­ba. maT eSi­
no­daT, rom aTe­ne­le­bi ga­i­geb­dnen ma­Ti sa­i­dum­lo mo­la­pa­
ra­ke­be­bis Se­sa­xeb. la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma ko­rin­TosSi brZa­ne­ba
gag­zav­nes, sas­wra­fod ga­da­ey­va­naT xo­mal­de­bi ko­rin­Tosis
yu­ri­dan ye­lis me­o­re mxa­re­ze. es xo­mal­de­bi, maT So­ris agi­sis
mi­er les­bo­sis­Tvis gan­kuT­vni­le­bic, qi­os­ze un­da wa­su­liy­vnen.
sul mo­kav­Si­re­Ta es­kad­ra­Si oc­dacx­ra­me­ti xo­mal­di iyo. far­
na­ba­Zo­sis el­Ceb­ma ar mi­iR
­ es mo­na­wi­le­o­ba am laS­qro­ba­Si da arc
fu­li mis­ces la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs xo­mal­de­bis aR­sa­Wur­vad. isi­ni
fiq­rob­dnen sa­ku­Ta­ri eq­spe­di­ci­is mowy­o­bas. agi­sic ar iyo
wi­na­aR­mde­gi, rom la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi jer qi­os­ze wa­su­liy­vnen.
mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi ko­rin­TosSi Se­ik­rib­nen da ga­dawy­vi­tes qi­os­ze,
les­bos­ze da he­les­pon­tze laS­qro­ba. is­Tmos­ze xo­mal­dTa
mxo­lod na­xe­va­ri ga­da­iy­va­nes da zRva­Si Se­vid­nen, ra­Ta aTe­
nel­Ta yu­radR­e­ba ar mi­epy­roT. aTe­ne­le­bis maT di­dad aRar
eSi­no­daT da zRva­Si oc­da­er­Ti xo­mal­diT ga­vid­nen.
mo­kav­Si­re­ebs eC­qa­re­bo­daT gam­gzav­re­ba, mag­ram ko­rin­Te­
lebs ar sur­daT zRva­Si gas­vla is­Tmu­ri Ta­ma­Se­bis das­ru­le­
bam­de. ma­Sin agis­ma Ses­Ta­va­za, rom mar­to da­iZ­vre­bo­da, mag­ram
ko­rin­Te­leb­ma ama­ze­dac ua­ri Tqves da laS­qro­ba ga­da­i­do.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­le­bi mi­ux­vdnen qi­o­se­lebs Ca­na­fiqrs. maT
qi­os­ze sar­da­li aris­tok­ra­te­si gag­zav­nes da isi­ni Ra­lat­Si
da­a­da­na­Sa­ul
­ es. qi­o­se­leb­ma uar­yves bral­de­ba. ma­Sin aTe­ne­leb­
314
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ma er­Tgu­le­bis niS­nad maT xo­mal­de­bi mos­Txo­ves. qi­o­se­leb­ma
Svi­di xo­mal­di aR­Wur­ves. xal­xma sa­er­Tod ara­fe­ri ico­da
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­Tan mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bis Se­sa­xeb.
ama­so­ba­Si is­Tmur Ta­ma­Seb­ze myo­fi aTe­nel­Ta el­Ce­bi mo­wi­
na­aR­mde­gis geg­meb­Si sa­bo­lo­od dar­wmun­dnen. ma­Ti Sin dab­
ru­ne­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma zo­me­bi mi­i­Res, rom mo­wi­na­aR­mde­
gis es­kad­ris­Tvis xe­li Se­eS
­ a­laT. ze­i­mis das­ru­le­bis Sem­deg
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta oc­da­er­Ti xo­mal­dis­gan Semdga­ri es­kad­ra
al­ka­me­ne­sis sar­dlo­biT qi­o­sis­ken da­iZ­ra. aTe­ne­le­bi ima­ve
ra­o­de­no­bis xo­mal­de­biT gah­yvnen maT da Se­e­cad­nen mte­ri Ria
zRva­Si Se­ety­u­e­bi­naT. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ma­le kur­si Se­ic­va­les
da ukan mib­run­dnen. aTe­ne­le­bi bo­lom­de ar en­do­bod­nen qi­o­
sel­Ta xo­mal­debs. ami­tom sa­ku­Ta­ri xo­mal­de­bi da­a­ma­tes da
ma­Ti ra­o­de­no­ba oc­daC­vid­me­tam­de gazardes. isi­ni da­e­dev­nen
na­pi­ris gas­wvriv mi­ma­val mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma
zRva­Si er­Ti xo­mal­di da­kar­ges, da­nar­Ce­ne­bi ki nav­sad­gurs
mi­ad­gnen. aTe­ne­le­bi Tavs da­es­xnen maT da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis
xo­mal­de­bis um­rav­le­so­ba da­a­zi­an­ es. sar­da­li al­ka­me­ne­si brZo­
la­Si da­i­Ru­pa. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki sul ram­de­ni­me ka­ci da­kar­ges.
aTe­ne­leb­ma ad­gil­ze da­to­ves xo­mal­de­bis sak­ma­ri­si ra­o­de­
no­ba, ra­Ta mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis­Tvis Tva­li edev­ne­bi­naT. da­nar­Cen­ma
xo­mal­deb­ma ki Ru­za Ca­uS­ves max­lo­bel kun­Zul­Tan. isi­ni iq
da­ba­nak­dnen da aTen­Si ka­ci gag­zav­nes dax­ma­re­bis saTx­ov­ne­lad.
Sem­deg dRes pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta da­sax­ma­reb­lad da xo­mal­de­bis
xme­le­Ti­dan da­sa­ca­vad mo­vid­nen ko­rin­Te­le­bi da sxva me­zob­
le­bi. isi­ni dar­wmun­dnen, rom am ukac­ri­el ad­gi­las xo­mal­
de­bis dac­va rTu­li iyo, ami­tom ver ga­da­ewy­vi­taT, ra eq­naT.
bo­los, xo­mal­de­bi na­pir­ze aaT­ri­es da maT dac­va da­u­ye­nes.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi Zal­ze da­am­wux­ra pir­vel­ma wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­bam
da ga­dawyvi­tes, aRar ga­eg­zav­naT xo­mal­de­bi. maT ad­re gag­zav­
ni­le­bic ukan ga­iw­vi­es.
alkibiadesma amis Se­sa­xeb rom ga­ig
­ o, en­di­oss da sxva efo­
315
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rebs kvlav ur­Cia da­u­yov­neb­liv ga­laS­qre­ba. Tu eq­spe­di­cia
qi­oss uf­ro ad­re mi­aR­wev­da, vid­re cno­ba la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta
mar­cxis Se­sa­xeb, is pi­ra­dad da­ar­wmu­neb­da io­ni­ur qvey­nebs
aTe­nel­Ta si­sus­te­sa da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta Za­la­Si da da­i­yo­
li­eb­da maT ajan­ye­ba­ze. pi­ris­pir ki igi ar­wmu­neb­da en­di­oss,
rom SeZ­leb­da me­fes­Tan kav­Si­ris dam­ya­re­bas da agi­sis ga­re­Se
war­ma­te­bis miR­we­vas (a­gis­Tan alkibiadesi naCx­u­ba­ri iyo). man
da­i­yo­lia efo­re­bi da alkibiadesi la­ke­de­mo­nel qal­ki­dev­sTan
da xuT xo­mal­dTan er­Tad zRva­Si ga­vi­da.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ama­ve dros un­da dab­ru­ne­bu­li­yo si­ci­li­i­dan
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ra gi­li­po­sis sar­dlo­biT. lev­ka­das­Tan
maT Tavs da­es­xnen ati­ku­ri xo­mal­de­bi. mi­ux
­ e­da­vad da­zi­a­ne­be­
bi­sa, pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­deb­ma ma­inc Ca­aR­wi­es ko­rin­TosSi.
qal­ki­dev­si da alkibiadesi yve­la Sem­xvedr xo­malds
atyvevebdnen, ra­Ta ara­vis ga­e­go ma­Ti ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis Se­saxeb.
maT xme­leT­ze gad­mosxes tyve­e­bi, Sem­deg ki mo­u­lod­ne­lad mi­ad­
gnen qi­oss. ma­Ti mis­vla qi­o­seli oli­gar­qebis sab­Wos sxdo­mas
da­em­Txva. qal­ki­dev­sma da alkibiadesma sab­Wos ga­nucx­a­des, rom
ki­dev mra­va­li la­ke­de­mo­nu­ri xo­mal­di mo­di­o­da kun­Zu­lis­ken.
am­gva­rad, jer qi­o­se­le­bi, Sem­deg ki erit­ri­el
­ e­bi ga­nud­gnen
aTens. alkibiadesi da qal­ki­dev­si sa­mi xo­mal­diT ga­da­vid­nen
kla­Zo­me­ne­Si da qve­ya­nas ajan­ye­bis­ken ubiZ­ges. ajan­ye­bu­leb­ma
si­mag­re­Ta mSe­neb­lo­ba da omi­saT­vis sam­za­di­si da­iwy­es.
ro­de­sac am cno­beb­ma aTens mi­aR­wi­a, aTe­ne­le­bi mix­vdnen, ra
saf­rTxec emuq­re­bo­da maT. yve­la­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni mo­kav­Si­ris
gan­dgo­mis Sem­deg Se­iZ­le­bo­da sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bic da­e­kar­gaT.
maT ga­dawy­vi­tes, ga­mo­e­ye­ne­bi­naT xe­lux­le­be­li ma­ra­gi – aTa­
si ta­lan­ti – da di­di flo­ti aRe­Wur­vaT. maT da­u­yov­neb­liv
gag­zav­nes qi­os­ze rva xo­mal­di strom­bi­qi­de­sis sar­dlo­biT,
Sem­deg ki­dev Tor­me­ti – Tra­sik­le­sis me­Ta­u­ro­biT.
strom­bi­qi­de­si rva xo­mal­diT sa­mos­ze mi­vi­da. man iq ki­dev
er­Ti da­i­ma­ta da Te­os­ze ga­da­i­nac­vla. iqiT ga­e­mar­Ta qi­o­si­
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dan qal­ki­dev­sis oc­da­sa­mi xo­mal­dic, sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv ki
kla­Zo­me­nel­Ta da erit­ri­el­Ta laS­qa­ri mo­di­o­da. strom­bi­qi­
des­ma ukan da­i­xia sa­mos­ze. mter­ma ki Te­o­si ai­Ro da ked­le­bi
da­an­gri­a.
qal­ki­dev­sma da alkibiadesma pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­de­
bis me­niC­be­ebs mZi­me aR­Wur­vi­lo­ba ga­das­ces da isi­ni qi­os­ze
da­to­ves. maT nac­vlad qi­os­ze sa­ku­Ta­ri xo­mal­de­bis­Tvis axa­
li eki­pa­Ji Sek­ri­bes da mi­le­tosis­ken gas­wi­es. alkibiadess
me­gob­ru­li ur­Ti­er­To­ba hqon­da mi­le­tel oli­gar­qeb­Tan, igi
ime­dov­neb­da, rom pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan axa­li es­kad­ris Ca­mos­vlam­de
mo­a­xer­xeb­da mi­letos­sa da sxva io­ni­ur qvey­neb­Si ajan­ye­bis
mowy­o­bas. amiT ga­mar­jve­bu­lis sa­xels mo­i­po­veb­dnen Ta­vad
alkibiadesi, qalkibiadesi da en­di­o­si. gzis di­di na­wi­li maT
Se­um­Cnev­lad gan­vles, sul co­ta xniT Ca­as­wres mi­letos­Si
strom­bi­qi­de­sis da Tra­sik­le­sis ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bul es­kad­ras da
qa­la­qi gan­dgo­mis­Tvis wa­a­qe­zes. aTe­nel­Ta cxra­me­ti xo­mal­di
mi­letoss mi­ad­ga, mag­ram isi­ni qa­laq­Si ar Se­uS­ves. mi­le­tosis
ajan­ye­bis me­re la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma pir­ve­li xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­des
me­fes­Tan ti­sa­fer­ne­si­sa da qal­ki­dev­sis Su­a­mav­lo­biT:
`la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi da mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi kav­Sirs kra­ven me­fes­
Tan da ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan. yve­la mi­wa da qa­la­qi, rom­leb­sac me­fe
flobs an mi­si wi­nap­re­bi flob­dnen, me­fes ekuT­vnis. me­fe da
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi nu­Rar da­uS­ve­ben, rom am qvey­ne­bi­dan aTe­ne­
lebs Se­mo­sa­va­li hqon­deT. me­fe da la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi er­Tob­
li­vad awar­mo­e­ben oms aTe­ne­le­bis wi­na­aR­mdeg da er­Tma­ne­Tis
Tan­xmo­bis ga­re­Se ar da­u­zav­de­bi­an maT. Tu vin­me me­fes au­jan­
yda, la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta mte­ri iq­ne­ba. Tu vin­me la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
au­jan­yda, is me­fis mte­ri iq­ne­ba~.
qi­o­se­leb­ma ki­dev aTi xo­mal­di aR­Wur­ves da sa­na­pi­ro qvey­
ne­bis aTe­nel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg wa­sa­qe­zeb­lad ga­e­mar­Tnen. gza­Si
isi­ni aTe­nel­Ta axal es­kad­ras ga­da­awy­dnen di­o­me­do­nis sar­
dlo­biT. qi­os
­ e­le­bi ga­iq­cnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma oTxi xo­mal­di ig­des
317
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xelT da sa­mos­ze wa­vid­nen. da­ax­lo­e­biT am dros spi­re­os­Tan
blo­ki­re­bu­lma pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta oc­ma xo­mal­dma mo­a­xer­xa iqi­
dan gaR­we­va. maT ga­i­mar­jves brZo­la­Si, oTxi aTe­nu­ri xo­mal­di
ig­des xelT da Sin dab­run­dnen. pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta flo­tis sar­
dlad la­ke­de­mo­ne­li as­ti­o­qo­si da­i­niS­na. igi Se­ud­ga io­ni­a­Si
sa­laS­qrod mza­de­bas.
am dros sa­mos­ze am­bo­xe­ba mox­da. aTe­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis
mxar­da­We­riT xal­xi aris­tok­ra­tebs au­jan­yda. ajan­ye­bu­leb­ma
ora­si ka­ci mok­les da oTx­a­si gan­dev­nes. aTe­ne­leb­ma ir­wmu­nes
sa­mo­sel­Ta er­Tgu­le­ba da maT da­mo­u­ki­deb­lo­ba mis­ces.
mTe­li zaf­xu­lis ganmavlobaSi qi­o­se­le­bi gul­mod­gi­ned
iR­vwod­nen, ra­Ta pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta ga­re­Sec ae­jan­ye­bi­naT qvey­
ne­bi. ajan­yda les­bo­si, me­Tim­na, Sem­deg ki – mi­ti­le­ne.
ama­so­ba­Si as­ti­o­qo­si oTxi xo­mal­diT Ca­vi­da qi­os­ze, iqi­dan
ki les­bos­ze myo­fi qi­o­sel­Ta es­kad­ris da­sax­ma­reb­lad ga­e­mar­
Ta. iq man Se­ity­o, rom aTe­ne­lebs mi­ti­le­ne ae­RoT. aTe­nel­Ta
es­kad­ra mo­u­lod­ne­lad Se­iW­ra nav­sad­gur­Si, da­a­mar­cxa iq
mdgo­mi qi­o­se­le­bi da Stur­miT ai­Ro qa­la­qi. as­ti­oq­ o­si Se­ec
­ a­da
les­bos­ze cal­ke­ul
­ i qvey­ne­bis ga­da­bi­re­bas da aTe­nel­TaT­vis
wi­na­aR­mde­go­bis or­ga­ni­ze­bas, mag­ram uSe­de­god. aTe­ne­leb­ma
aRad­gi­nes sa­ku­Ta­ri xe­li­suf­le­ba les­bos­ze, zRva­Si ga­vid­
nen da kla­Zo­me­nel­Ta mi­er ga­mag­re­bul po­liq­nes da­e­uf­lnen,
Tvi­Ton kla­Zo­me­ne ki kav­Sir­Si da­ab­ru­nes.
ima­ve zaf­xuls mi­let­osTan mdgo­mi es­kad­ri­dan aTe­ne­leb­
ma de­san­ti ga­das­xes. maT­Tan brZo­la­Si da­i­Ru­pa qal­ki­dev­si.
aTe­ne­le­bi ag­rZe­leb­dnen ope­ra­ci­ebs qi­o­sel­Ta wi­na­aR­mdeg.
zRva­sa da xme­leT­ze ram­de­ni­me ga­mar­jve­bis Sem­deg maT aa­ox­
res qi­o­sis mi­wa, ro­mel­ze­dac mi­di­el­Ta Sem­deg mters fe­xi
ar da­ed­ga. qi­o­se­le­bi, ram­de­na­dac vi­ci, la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis
msgav­sad, go­niv­rul zo­mi­e­re­bas da ka­no­ni­er sa­xel­mwi­fo wyo­
bas inar­Cu­neb­dnen. ax­lac mxo­lod imi­tom ajan­ydnen, rom ar
ego­naT, Tu aTens si­ci­li­a­ze ka­tas­tro­fis Sem­deg aRa­raf­ris
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Ta­vi ar eq­ne­bo­da. Seq­mnil vi­Ta­re­ba­Si de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­xre­e­bi
aTen­Tan kav­Si­ris aR­dge­na­ze da­fiq­rdnen, xe­li­suf­le­bam ki
as­ti­oq
­ o­si mi­iw­via sa­TaT­bi­rod.
zaf­xu­lis mi­wu­ruls aTe­ne­leb­ma sa­mos­ze or­moc­dar­va
xo­mal­diT gag­zav­nes aTa­si aTe­ne­li hop­li­ti, aTas ­xu­Ta­si
ar­go­se­li da aTa­si mo­kav­Si­re. laS­qa­ri mi­let­osTan ga­das­xda
na­pir­ze da qa­la­qis max­lob­lad da­ba­nak­da. rva­a­si mi­le­te­li
hop­li­ti, qal­ki­dev­sis me­om­re­bi da ti­sa­fer­ne­sis mo­qi­rav­ne­
e­bi ga­mo­vid­nen qa­la­qi­dan maT wi­na­aR­mdeg. zed­me­tad Tav­da­
je­re­bu­li ar­go­se­le­bi uwes­ri­god ga­da­vid­nen Se­te­va­ze da
da­mar­cxdnen. sa­ma­gi­er
­ od, aTe­ne­leb­ma jer pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs
sZli­es, Sem­deg ki – bar­ba­ro­se­bi da da­nar­Ce­ni laS­qa­ri uku­
ag­des. ise mox­da, rom am brZo­la­Si ori­ve mxri­dan io­ni­e­leb­ma
sZli­es do­ri­e­lebs. aTe­ne­leb­ma aR­mar­Tes ga­mar­jve­bis ni­Sa­
ni da sa­al­yo ked­liT kon­cxze gan­la­ge­bu­li qa­la­qis mo­W­ra
ga­dawy­vi­tes. maT ime­di hqon­daT, rom mi­le­tosis aRe­biT sxva
io­ni­e­leb­sac da­i­mor­Ci­leb­dnen.
sa­Ra­mos aTe­ne­leb­ma mi­i­Res cno­ba pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan da si­ci­
li­id
­ an or­moc­daTx­uT­me­ti xo­mal­dis Ca­mos­vlis Se­sa­xeb. mar­
Tlac, si­ra­ku­zel­ma her­mok­ra­tes­ma da­ar­wmu­na mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi,
er­Tob­li­vi Za­le­biT mo­e­RoT bo­lo aTe­nel­Ta Zli­er
­ e­bis­Tvis.
es­kad­ras xel­mZRva­ne­lob­da la­ke­de­mo­ne­li Te­ri­me­ne­si, ro­mel­
sac xo­mal­de­bi as­ti­o­qo­sis­Tvis un­da Ca­e­ba­re­bi­na. es­kad­ram
kur­si le­ros­ze ai­Ro. aq maT Se­ity­ves, rom aTe­ne­le­bi mi­letos­
Tan id­gnen. maT­Tan mi­vi­da alkibiadesi, ro­me­lic brZo­la­Si
mi­le­tel­Ta da ti­sa­fer­ne­sis mxa­re­ze mo­na­wi­le­ob­da. man ur­Cia
pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs, sas­wra­fod mix­ma­re­bod­nen mi­letoss.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi em­za­de­bod­nen gan­Ti­ad­ze ga­sas­vle­lad.
ama­so­ba­Si aTe­nel­ma sar­dal­ma fri­ni­qos­ma le­ro­si­dan zus­ti
cno­be­bi mi­i­Ro mo­wi­naR­mde­gis Se­sa­xeb. mi­u­xe­da­vad sxva sar­
dle­bis sur­vi­li­sa, rom sazR­vao brZo­la ga­e­mar­TaT mtris­
Tvis, fri­ni­qos­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta, ar Ca­eg­do saf­rTxe­Si qvey­nis
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uka­nas­kne­li ime­di da mi­letoss ga­e­ca­la. man bor­tze aiy­va­na
daW­ri­le­bi, qve­i­Ti laS­qa­ri da wa­i­Ro mTe­li aR­Wur­vi­lo­ba.
na­dav­li ki da­to­va, ra­Ta xo­mal­de­bi ar ga­da­et­vir­Ta. es­kad­ra
sa­mos­ze dab­run­da. am­gva­rad, aTe­ne­leb­ma mi­le­tosi da­to­ves
da ver isar­geb­les sa­ku­Ta­ri ga­mar­jve­bis Se­de­ge­biT. nawy­e­ni
ar­go­se­le­bi ki sa­mo­si­dan Sin dab­run­dnen.
mi­let­osSi mi­sul pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs aTe­ne­le­bi iq aRar dax­
vdnen. maT­Tan mo­vi­da ti­sa­fer­ne­si sa­ku­Ta­ri laS­qriT. man da­ar­
wmu­na pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi, er­Tad ga­e­laS­qraT ia­sos­ze mi­si mtris,
amor­ge­sis wi­na­aR­mdeg. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ia­soss mo­u­lod­ne­lad
da­es­xnen Tavs da ai­Res igi. brZo­la­Si gan­sa­kuT­re­biT si­ra­ku­
ze­leb­ma ga­mo­i­Ci­nes Ta­vi. amor­ge­si tyved Ca­var­da. pe­lo­po­ne­
se­leb­ma ia­so­si da­an­gri­es da iqi­dan di­di na­dav­li wa­mo­i­Res.
amor­ge­sis mo­qi­rav­ne­e­bi Zi­ri­Ta­dad pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi iy­vnen da
laS­qars Se­u­er­Tdnen. qa­la­qi da tyve­e­bi ki ti­sa­fer­ness ga­das­
ces wi­nas­war Se­Tan­xme­bul fa­sad: er­Ti ka­ci – erT da­ri­kad.
mom­dev­no zam­Tars ti­sa­fer­nes­ma ia­so­si ga­a­mag­ra da iq gar­
ni­zo­ni da­to­va, Tvi­Ton ki mi­let­osSi Ca­vi­da. aq man ga­da­ux
­ a­da
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis eki­pa­Jebs xel­fa­si – kacs dRe­Si
er­Ti ati­ku­ri drah­ma. mag­ram sa­mo­mav­lod mxo­lod sa­mi obo­lis
ga­dax­da Ses­Ta­va­za. Te­ri­me­ne­si mzad iyo da­eT­mo, mag­ram si­ra­
ku­ze­li her­mok­ra­te­si wi­na­aR­mde­gi wa­vi­da. ma­Sin ti­sa­fer­nes­ma
ga­dawy­vi­ta, or­moc­daTx­uT­me­ti xo­mal­dis­Tvis Tve­Si oc­da­a­Ti
ta­lan­ti ga­e­Ro.
ima­ve zam­Tars sa­mos­ze aTe­ni­dan ki­dev oc­daTx­uT­me­ti
xo­mal­di Ca­vi­da. oc­da­aT
­ i xo­mal­di qi­os­ze ga­sag­zav­nad ga­am­
za­des, xo­lo da­nar­Ce­ne­bi zRvas akon­tro­leb­dnen da mi­le­tosis
mi­da­mo­Si Ta­re­Sob­dnen.
as­ti­oq­ oss qi­o­sel­Ta Ra­la­tis eSi­no­da da man mZev­le­bi aiy­
va­na. Te­ri­me­ne­sis es­kad­ris Ca­mos­vlis Sem­deg is ga­Ta­mam­da da
oci xo­mal­diT zRva­Si ga­vi­da. igi Se­e­ca­da ae­Ro pte­le­o­si da
kla­Zo­me­ne, mag­ram – uSe­de­god.
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mas­Tan ga­mocx­ad­dnen les­bo­sel­Ta el­Ce­bi da aTe­nel­Ta
wi­na­aR­mdeg axa­li ajan­ye­ba Ses­Ta­va­zes. as­ti­oq­ o­si mzad iyo maT
dax­ma­re­bo­da, mag­ram sxva mo­kav­Si­re­e­bi wi­na­aR­mdeg­ni iy­vnen.
ma­Sin as­ti­o­qo­si qi­os­ze ga­da­vi­da da maT les­bos­ze laS­qro­ba­
Si mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mos­Txo­va, mag­ram iqac ua­ri mi­i­Ro. as­ti­o­qo­si
ga­uwy­ra qi­o­se­lebs da da­e­muq­ra, rom aRar da­ex­ma­re­bo­da maT
gan­sac­de­lis Jams. Sem­deg igi Ta­vi­si xo­mal­de­biT mi­let­osSi
wa­vi­da. ama­so­ba­Si aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra sam qi­o­sur gems da­e­dev­na.
qi­o­se­le­bi qa­riS­xal­ma ga­da­ar­Ci­na. maT ga­Wir­ve­biT mi­aR­wi­es
nav­sad­gu­ram­de. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki sa­mi xo­mal­di da­kar­ges. da­nar­
Ce­ne­bi ukan gab­run­dnen da les­boss mi­ad­gnen.
ima­ve zam­Tars la­ke­de­mo­ne­li hi­pok­ra­te­si Tor­me­ti xo­mal­
diT kni­dos­Si mi­vi­da. pe­lo­po­ne­sel­ma sar­dleb­ma mas ub­rZa­nes,
xo­mal­de­bis na­wils kni­do­si da­ec­va, da­nar­Ce­nebs ki ub­rZa­
nes Tavs das­xmod­nen eg­vip­ti­dan mo­ma­val pu­riT dat­vir­Tul
tran­sports. aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­ity­ves amis Se­sa­xeb, sa­mo­si­dan
zRva­Si ga­vid­nen da xelT ig­des mtris eq­vsi xo­mal­di. Sem­deg
maT kni­do­sis ie­ri­Si sca­des, mag­ram qa­la­qi ver ai­Res, qve­ya­na
da­ar­bi­es da sa­mos­ze dab­run­dnen.
im dro­i­saT­vis, ro­de­sac as­ti­o­qos­ma mi­letos­Si sar­dlo­ba
Ca­ib
­ a­ra, pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs sur­sa­Ti jer ki­dev sak­ma­ri­si hqon­
daT, me­om­rebs karg ga­sam­rje­los ux­did­nen da mi­le­te­le­bic
mzad iy­vnen omis sir­Tu­le­Ta ga­da­sa­ta­nad. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma
ti­sa­fer­nes­sa da qal­ki­devss So­ris da­de­bu­li Zve­li xel­Sek­
ru­le­ba Ta­vis­Tvis ara­xel­say­re­lad mi­iC­ni­es da Te­ri­me­no­sis
Ta­os­no­biT axa­li xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­des, rom­lis Ta­nax­ma­dac
me­fe ga­i­Reb­da mis mi­wa­ze myo­fi la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bis Se­nax­vis
xar­jebs.
amis Sem­deg Te­ri­me­nes­ma sar­dlo­ba as­ti­o­qoss ga­da­a­ba­ra,
Tvi­Ton ki mi­le­tosi da­to­va da gaq­ra. ama­so­ba­Si aTe­ne­le­bi
les­bo­si­dan qi­os­ze ga­da­vid­nen da qa­la­qis max­lob­lad ga­mag­
rdnen. qi­o­se­le­bi umoq­me­dod iy­vnen. maT uk­ve ram­de­ni­me mar­
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cxi ga­ni­ca­des da Si­na­u­ri mdgo­ma­re­o­bac sak­ma­od da­Za­bu­li
hqon­daT. isi­ni as­ti­o­qoss sTxov­dnen dax­ma­re­bas, mag­ram –
uSe­de­god. ma­Sin qi­o­se­leb­ma as­ti­o­qoss la­ke­de­mon­Si uCiv­les.
am­ri­gad, qi­os­ze mdgo­ma­re­o­ba aTe­nel­TaT­vis xel­say­re­li
iyo. ma­Ti es­kad­ra dro­dad­ro es­xmo­da Tavs mtris xo­mal­debs
mi­let­osSi, mag­ram mte­ri brZo­las Tavs ari­deb­da.
ima­ve zam­Tars pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan io­ni­a­Si oc­daS­vi­di xo­mal­dis­
gan Sem­dga­ri axa­li es­kad­ra ga­e­mar­Ta an­tis­Te­ne­sis sar­dlo­biT.
mas Tan ax­lda Ter­Tme­ti spar­te­li, rom­le­bic la­ke­de­mo­ne­
leb­ma as­ti­o­qoss da­u­niS­nes mrCev­le­bad. isi­ni ad­gil­ze un­da
gar­kve­u­liy­vnen vi­Ta­re­ba­Si da ga­da­ewy­vi­taT far­na­ba­Zo­sis­Tvis
maS­ve­li Za­lis gag­zav­nis sa­kiTx­i. me­los­Tan isi­ni Sex­vdnen
aTe­nel­Ta aT xo­malds, sa­mi xelT ig­des da daw­ves. maT eSi­
no­daT, rom da­nar­Ce­ne­bi maT Se­sa­xeb sa­mos­ze myof aTe­ne­lebs
Se­aty­o­bi­neb­dnen ami­tom mi­let­osSi Se­mov­li­Ti gziT ga­cu­res.
ama­so­ba­Si qi­os
­ e­le­bi Sik­ri­kebs ug­zav­nid­nen as­ti­oq
­ oss da
dax­ma­re­bas sTxov­dnen, ra­Ta srul blo­ka­da­Si ar aR­mo­Ce­ni­
liy­vnen. bo­los as­ti­o­qos­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta dax­ma­re­bo­da.
ama­so­ba­Si man mi­i­Ro cno­ba oc­daS­vi­di xo­mal­di­sa da la­ke­
de­mo­ne­li mrCev­le­bis mo­ax­lo­e­bis Se­sa­xeb. as­ti­o­qos­ma ga­dawy­
vi­ta, rom ax­la yve­la­ze mniS­vne­lo­va­ni iyo, zRva­ze ba­to­no­ba
da­em­ya­re­bi­naT da es­kad­ra uxi­fa­Tod Ca­ey­va­naT mi­let­osSi. man
geg­ma Sec­va­la da qi­o­sis nac­vlad es­kad­ris Se­sax­ved­rad wa­vi­
da. man da­i­ka­va da ga­Zar­cva ko­si, iqi­dan ki kni­dos­ze ga­da­vi­da,
sa­dac aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ra qar­mi­no­sis sar­dlo­biT iyo Ca­saf­
re­bu­li da pe­lo­po­ne­si­dan mo­ma­val xo­mal­debs elo­de­bo­da.
as­ti­o­qo­si zRva­Si ga­vi­da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis es­kad­ris mo­sa­Zeb­
nad. wvi­ma­sa da nis­lSi mis­ma xo­mal­deb­ma er­Tma­neT­Tan kav­Si­ri
da­kar­ges. gam­Te­ni­i­sas es­kad­ra ga­ifan­ta da mi­si er­Ti na­wi­li
aTe­ne­lebs ga­da­e­ya­ra. qar­mi­noss ego­na, rom is xo­mal­de­bi
da­in
­ a­xa, vi­sac elo­da, da Se­te­va­ze ga­da­vi­da. man Ca­Zi­ra mtris
sa­mi xo­mal­di, mra­va­li da­a­zi­a­na da uk­ve imar­jveb­da, ro­de­sac
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la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta flo­tis Zi­ri­Ta­di na­wi­li ga­moC­nda. aTe­ne­
le­bi uku­iq­cnen da eq­vsi xo­mal­dic da­kar­ges. pe­lo­po­ne­se­
leb­ma Ru­za Ca­uS­ves kni­dos­Tan da iq da­e­lod­nen kav­no­si­dan
mo­ma­val oc­daS­vid xo­malds, kun­Zul si­me­ze ki ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes. sazR­vao brZo­lis Se­sa­xeb rom Se­ity­ves,
aTe­ne­le­bi mTe­li Za­liT da­iZ­rnen sa­mo­si­dan si­me­ze. isi­ni ar
das­xmi­an Tavs pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs kni­dos­ze. si­me­ze maT xelT
ig­des pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­de­bis aR­Wur­vi­lo­ba da ukan
gab­run­dnen. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma kni­dos­ze brZo­la­Si da­zi­a­ne­
bu­li xo­mal­de­bi Se­a­ke­Tes. ama­so­ba­Si Ter­Tme­ti la­ke­de­mo­ne­
li mo­la­pa­ra­ke­bebs awar­mo­eb­da ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan. maT da­i­wu­nes
qal­ki­dev­sis da Te­ri­me­ne­sis xel­Sek­ru­le­be­bi. ma­Ti az­riT,
da­uS­ve­be­li iyo me­fis­Tvis im mi­we­bis ga­da­ce­ma, ra­sac is an
mi­si wi­nap­re­bi odes­me flob­dnen. mar­Tlac, la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs
es wi­na­da­de­ba rom mi­e­RoT, yve­la kun­Zu­li, Te­sa­lia da eli­da,
be­o­ti­is CaT­vliT, kvlav mi­di­el­Ta xel­Si aR­moC­nde­bo­da. ma­Sin
la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi eli­nebs Ta­vi­suf­le­bis nac­vlad mi­di­el­Ta
ba­to­no­bas mo­u­tan­dnen. ami­tom maT mo­iTx­o­ves axa­li uke­Te­si
xel­Sek­ru­le­bis da­de­ba, an yo­vel Sem­Txve­va­Si Zve­lis ga­uq­me­ba.
am pi­ro­beb­Si la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs ar sWir­de­bo­daT flo­ti­sa da
laS­qris da­fi­nan­se­ba. aR­Sfo­Te­bul­ma ti­sa­fer­nes­ma mo­la­pa­
ra­ke­be­bi ise mi­a­to­va, rom ve­ra­fer­ze Se­Tan­xmdnen.
ama­so­ba­Si pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs ro­do­sel­ma oli­gar­qeb­mac
mi­mar­Tes. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ga­dawy­vi­tes mi­em­xroT es kun­
Zu­li, ro­mel­sac di­di sazR­vao da sax­me­le­To Za­la hqon­da.
mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bis Sem­deg, maT flo­tis Se­sa­na­xad ti­sa­
fer­ne­sis fu­li aRar das­Wir­de­bo­daT. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi oTx­
moc­da­ToTx­me­ti xo­mal­diT mi­ad­gnen ro­doss da mo­sax­le­o­ba
da­ar­wmu­nes, gan­dgo­mod­nen aTe­ne­lebs. aTe­ne­leb­ma sas­wra­fod
mi­a­Su­res ro­doss, mag­ram uk­ve gvi­a­ni aR­moC­nda. Sem­dgom­Si
isi­ni Tav­das­xmebs awy­ob­dnen ro­dos­ze qal­ke­dan da ko­si­dan.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ro­doss oc­da­Tor­me­ti ta­lan­tis ga­dax­da
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da­a­kis­res, xo­mal­de­bi xme­leT­ze aaT­ri­es da oTx­mo­ci dRis
man­Zil­ze umoq­me­dod iy­vnen.
qal­ki­dev­sis da­Rup­vis Sem­deg alkibiadesma pe­lo­po­ne­se­
lebs eW­vi aRuZ­ra da as­ti­o­qoss la­ke­de­mo­ni­dan mi­si mok­vlis
brZa­ne­bac ki ga­ug­zav­nes. ami­tom ti­sa­fer­ness Se­a­fa­ra Ta­vi.
ax­la igi cdi­lob­da, yve­la­na­i­rad ev­no pe­lo­po­ne­sel­TaT­vis,
pir­vel rig­Si, sat­ra­pi ga­newyo maT wi­na­aR­mdeg. ti­sa­fer­ne­si
da­ar­wmu­na me­niC­be­Ta xel­fa­si sam obo­lam­de Se­em­ci­re­bi­na.
alkibiadesi ag­reT­ve ur­Cev­da ti­sa­fer­ness, ar da­eC­qa­re­bi­
na omis da­sas­ru­li da ar Ca­er­To saq­me­Si fi­ni­ki­el­Ta flo­ti.
mi­si az­riT, me­fes un­da Se­e­nar­Cu­ne­bi­na wo­nas­wo­ro­ba elin­Ta
or Za­las So­ris da er­Ti me­o­ris wi­na­aR­mdeg ga­mo­e­ye­ne­bi­na.
Tu er­Ti mxa­re ga­i­mar­jveb­da da zRva­sa da xme­leT­ze ga­ba­
ton­de­bo­da, ma­Sin me­fes vin­Ra da­ex­ma­re­bo­da ga­mar­jve­bul­Tan
Wi­dil­Si? sa­bo­lo­od, me­fes Ta­vad mo­u­wev­da omi bev­rad me­ti
da­na­xar­je­bi­Ta da xi­fa­TiT. ax­la ki sru­li­ad usaf­rTxod da
mci­re fu­liT mas Se­eZ­lo mi­eS­va eli­ne­bi, ra­Ta maT er­Tma­ne­Ti
da­e­sus­te­bi­naT.
alkibiadesis az­riT, me­fis­Tvis uf­ro mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li iyo
aTe­ne­leb­Tan Za­la­uf­le­bis ga­yo­fa, rad­gan isi­ni, la­ke­de­mo­
nel­Ta­gan gan­sxva­ve­biT, ar es­wrafod­nen dapyro­bebs xme­leT­ze.
aTe­ne­le­bi kun­Zu­lebs da­i­ka­veb­dnen, ti­sa­fer­ne­si ki – eli­nur
qvey­nebs azi­is sa­na­pi­ro­ze. la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi ki maT ga­sa­Ta­vi­
suf­leb­lad mo­vid­nen da, sa­eW­vo­a, isi­ni aTe­nel­Ta­gan imis­Tvis
da­ix­snan, rom me­fes ga­das­cen. alkibiadesi ur­Cev­da ti­sa­fer­
ness, jer ori­ve mxa­re ga­mo­e­fi­ta da Sem­deg la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bic
ga­ne­dev­na azi­i­dan. sat­rap­ma, Tu mi­si moq­me­de­bis mi­xed­viT
vim­sje­lebT, mi­i­Ro es geg­ma. man Se­um­ci­ra xel­fa­si me­om­rebs,
ar Cqa­rob­da fi­ni­ki­u­ri flo­tis saq­me­Si Car­Tvas da la­ke­de­
mo­nel­Ta flo­tis ope­ra­ci­eb­sac ayov­neb­da.
alkibiadess­ sje­ro­da, rom mi­si rCe­va sa­sar­geb­lo iyo mi­si
mas­pin­Zle­bis­Tvis. ama­ve dros, mas ime­di hqon­da, rom sam­Sob­
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lo­Si dab­run­de­bo­da. Tu sa­bo­lo­od ar da­Ru­pavda Ta­vis qve­
ya­nas, igi mo­a­xer­xeb­da Ta­na­me­ma­mu­le­Ta dar­wmu­ne­bas, rom is
isev mi­e­RoT. ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan me­gob­ro­ba am Tval­saz­ri­si­Tac
sa­sar­geb­lo iyo. mar­Tlac, sa­mos­ze myof­ma aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­ity­
ves, rom alkibiadess mniS­vne­lo­va­ni ad­gi­li eka­va sat­ra­pis
kar­ze. alkibiades­mac Se­uT­va­la gav­le­ni­an xalxs da laS­qar­s
aTen­Si, rom igi mzad aris maT­Tan er­Tad em­sa­xu­ros sam­Sob­los,
mag­ram ara brbos, ro­mel­mac igi gan­dev­na. xo­mal­de­bis me­Ta­u­
re­bi da sxva gav­le­ni­a­ni aTe­ne­le­bi mis­gan da­mo­u­ki­deb­la­dac
fiq­rob­dnen de­mok­ra­ti­is Sec­vla­ze.
de­mok­ra­ti­is mimarT undobloba jer sa­mos­ze gaC­nda da Sem­
deg ga­da­ed
­ o qa­laq­sac. ram­de­ni­me ka­ci sa­mo­si­dan da­uk­ av­Sir­da
alkibiadess. igi da­hpir­da maT jer ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan, Sem­deg ki
TviT me­fes­Tan da­me­gob­re­bas, Tu de­mok­ra­ti­as Sec­vlid­nen da
amiT me­fis ndo­bas mo­i­po­veb­dnen. war­Ci­ne­bul mo­qa­la­qe­ebs,
rom­le­bic gan­sa­kuT­re­biT itan­je­bod­nen omis ube­du­re­ba­Ta­gan,
ga­uC­ndaT ara mar­to om­Si ga­mar­jve­bis, ara­med xe­li­suf­le­ba­Si
mos­vlis ime­dic.
sa­mos­ze dab­ru­ne­bu­leb­ma mo­Zeb­nes Ta­nam­zrax­ve­le­bi da me­om­
rebs ga­nucx­ad
­ es, rom me­fe aTe­nel­Ta me­go­ba­ri gax­de­ba da maT
fuls ga­da­ux­dis, Tu alkibiadess da­ab­ru­ne­ben da de­mok­ra­ti­as
da­am­xo­ben. me­om­re­bi me­fis ful­ma mo­xib­la, mxo­lod sar­da­li
fri­ni­qo­si uyu­reb­da eW­vis Tva­liT am wa­mowy­e­bas. man ico­da,
rom alkibiadess mxo­lod sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vi adar­deb­da da ara
de­mok­ra­tia Tu oli­gar­qi­a. me­fis dax­ma­re­bac sa­Tuo iyo, sa­nam
la­ke­de­mo­ne­lebs Zli­e­ri flo­ti hyav­daT da mniS­vne­lo­va­ni
qa­la­qe­bic epy­raT. wyo­bis Sec­vla aTens verc Zvel mo­kav­Si­re­ebs
da­ub­ru­neb­da da verc am­Ja­min­del­Ta er­Tgu­le­bas ga­nam­tki­ceb­
da – maT­Tvis mo­no­ba ne­bis­mi­er wyo­ba­Si mo­no­bad dar­Ce­bo­da.
SeT­qmu­leb­ma ma­inc mo­i­wo­nes alkibiadesis wi­na­da­de­ba da
aTen­Si xal­xi gag­zav­nes pe­i­san­dro­sis me­Ta­u­ro­biT saq­mis
mo­sag­va­reb­lad.
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fri­ni­qo­si xvde­bo­da, rom aTe­ne­le­bi da­ab­ru­neb­dnen alkibi­
adess, xo­lo es uka­nas­kne­li mas­ze Surs iZi­eb­da, ami­tom ga­dawy­
vi­ta zo­me­bi mi­e­Ro. man we­ri­li mis­we­ra as­ti­oq­ oss, rom alkibi­
adesi cdi­lob­da ti­sa­fer­ne­sis aTe­nel­TaT­vis mim­xro­bas.
as­ti­o­qos­ma ki amis Se­sa­xeb alkibiadess da ti­sa­fer­ness ac­no­ba.
ro­gorc am­bo­ben, igi mos­yi­du­li iyo da sa­i­dum­lo mo­la­pa­
ra­ke­bebs awar­mo­eb­da sat­rap­Tan. alkibiadesma sa­mos­ze myof
sar­dlebs Se­aty­o­bi­na fri­ni­qo­sis Ra­la­ti da mi­si sik­vdi­liT
das­ja mo­iTx­o­va.
SeS­fo­Te­bul­ma fri­ni­qos­ma kvlav mis­we­ra as­ti­o­qoss we­ri­
li da usay­ve­du­ra sa­i­dum­los gam­xe­la. ama­ve dros, man pe­lo­
po­ne­se­lebs Ses­Ta­va­za ga­u­mag­re­bel sa­mos­ze Tav­das­xmi­sa da
aTe­nel­Ta laS­qris ga­nad­gu­re­bis de­ta­lu­ri geg­ma. as­ti­o­qos­ma
am we­ri­lis Se­sa­xe­bac ac­no­ba alkibiadess.
fri­ni­qos­ma ga­iT­va­lis­wi­na as­ti­o­qo­sis mu­xa­na­To­ba da laS­
qars ac­no­ba mtris mo­sa­lod­ne­li Tav­das­xmis Se­sa­xeb. man sas­
wra­fod wa­mo­iwyo kun­Zul­ze si­mag­re­e­bis mSe­neb­lo­ba. am dros
mo­vi­da alkibiadesis we­ri­li, ro­mel­Sic igi sar­dals Ra­lat­Si
ada­na­Sa­u­leb­da, mag­ram mas ar da­u­je­res. am­de­nad alkibiadesma
ve­ra­fe­ri av­no fri­ni­qoss, pi­ri­qiT, mxo­lod ga­am­ya­ra mi­si
mdgo­ma­re­o­ba.
alkibiadesi yve­la­na­ir
­ ad cdi­lob­da, ti­sa­fer­ne­si aTe­nel­
TaT­vis mi­em­xro. sat­raps aSi­neb­da pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta Zli­e­re­ba,
mag­ram igi alkibiades­sac uwev­da an­ga­riSs, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT mas
Sem­deg, rac la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma Ta­vad da­a­das­tu­res alkibi­
adesis sity­ve­bi, rom isi­ni elin­Ta ga­sa­Ta­vi­suf­leb­lad iy­vnen
mo­sul­ni.
ama­so­ba­Si pe­is
­ an­dro­si da aTe­ne­li el­Ce­bi sa­mo­si­dan aTen­Si
Ca­vid­nen. sa­xal­xo kre­bas maT zo­ga­dad mo­ax­se­nes mdgo­ma­re­o­bis
Se­sa­xeb da am­cnes, rom Se­saZ­le­be­li iyo me­fes­Tan Se­Tan­xme­ba
da la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta Zle­va, Tu alkibiadess da­ab­ru­neb­dnen da
uki­du­res de­mok­ra­ti­a­ze uars ity­od­nen. xal­xi Ta­vi­dan cu­dad
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Sex­vda am azrs, mag­ram el­Ceb­ma da­ar­wmu­nes, rom es er­Ta­der­Ti
ga­mo­sa­va­li iyo. ga­dawy­da, pe­i­san­dro­si da ki­dev aTi ka­ci ga­eg­
zav­naT ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan da alkibiades­Tan mo­sa­la­pa­ra­keb­lad.
pe­i­san­dro­sis sa­Civ­ris sa­fuZ­vel­ze, xal­xma fri­ni­qoss
sar­dlo­ba Ca­mo­ar­Tva da flo­ti di­o­me­don­sa da le­ons Ca­a­
ba­ra. pe­i­san­dros­ma Se­mo­i­a­ra po­li­ti­ku­ri daj­gu­fe­bebi da
da­ar­wmu­na isi­ni, er­Ti­a­ni Za­le­biT ga­mo­su­liy­vnen de­mok­ra­ti­
is wi­na­aR­mdeg. Sem­deg ki ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan ga­e­mar­Ta. ama­so­ba­Si
le­on­ma da di­o­me­don­ma sa­mos­ze aTe­nis flo­ti ga­da­i­ba­res da
ima­ve zam­Tars ro­do­si da­laS­qres. maT aR­mo­a­Ci­nes na­pir­ze
aT­re­ul
­ i pe­lo­po­ne­su­ri xo­mal­de­bi, sZli­es ro­do­se­lebs da
qal­ke­ze dab­run­dnen. aqe­dan uf­ro io­lad Se­eZ­loT Tval­yu­
ris dev­ne­ba pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ris ga­da­ad­gi­le­bis­Tvis.
aTe­nel­Ta si­mag­re qi­os­ze uk­ve mzad iyo da la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma
ga­dawy­vi­tes, qi­o­se­le­bis­Tvis dax­ma­re­ba ga­eg­zav­naT. Ta­vi­dan
maT mo­ax
­ er­xes ked­lis na­wi­li­sa da ram­de­ni­me aTe­nu­ri xo­mal­
dis xel­Si Cag­de­ba, mag­ram aTe­nel­Ta Zi­ri­Tad­ma Za­leb­ma sa­bo­
lo­od da­a­mar­cxes mte­ri da di­di na­dav­li ig­des xelT. qi­o­si
al­ya­Si aR­moC­nda da qa­laq­Si Sim­Si­li da­iwy­o.
pe­i­san­dro­si da sxva aTe­ne­li el­Ce­bi ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan Ca­vid­
nen. alkibiadesi xe­dav­da, rom sat­ra­pi je­rac did an­gariSs
uwev­da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs da cdi­lob­da ori­ve mxare da­e­sus­te­
bi­na. ma­Sin alkibiadesma am­gvar xerxs mi­mar­Ta: da­ar­wmu­na sat­
ra­pi, aTe­nel­TaT­vis mi­u­Re­be­li moTx­ov­ne­bi wa­e­ye­ne­bi­na, ra­Ta
Se­Tan­xme­ba ar Sem­dga­ri­yo. aTe­ne­le­bi Ta­vi­dan yve­la­fer­ze
Ta­nax­ma­ni iy­vnen, mag­ram bo­los mix­vdnen, rom maT aty­u­eb­dnen
da gan­ris­xe­bu­le­bi sa­mos­ze dab­run­dnen.
ima­ve zam­Tars ti­sa­fer­nes­ma pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi mi­letos­Si
mi­iw­vi­a, ra­Ta maT­Tan axa­li xel­Sek­ru­le­ba da­e­do. mas xels
ar aZ­lev­da pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan gan­xeT­qi­le­ba. ti­sa­fer­nes­
ma ga­dawy­vi­ta ga­da­e­xa­da ma­Ti me­om­re­bis­Tvis xel­fa­si, ra­Ta
ma­Ti flo­ti ar daS­li­li­yo da ya­Ca­Ro­ba ar daewyoT. axa­li
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xel­Sek­ru­le­biT, me­fe inar­Cu­neb­da azi­ur sam­flo­be­lo­ebs da
iReb­da val­de­bu­le­bas, sa­me­fo flo­tis Ca­mos­vlam­de Se­e­na­xa
la­ke­de­mo­nel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi.
amis Sem­deg ti­sa­fer­nes­ma da­iwyo sam­za­di­si fi­ni­ki­u­ri
flo­tis Ca­mo­say­va­nad da sxva val­de­bu­le­ba­Ta Se­sas­ru­leb­
lad. zam­Tris mi­wu­ruls be­o­ti­e­leb­ma da­i­ka­ves oro­po­si da
gan­dev­nes iqi­dan aTe­nel­Ta gar­ni­zo­ni, ris Sem­de­gac eret­ri­
e­leb­ma ro­dos­ze ka­ci gag­zav­nes da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs ev­be­a­ze
Tav­das­xma sTxo­ves. pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs, pir­vel rig­Si, qi­o­sis
dax­ma­re­ba sur­daT da ro­do­si­dan da­iZ­rnen. gza­Si isi­ni aTe­
nel­Ta xo­mal­debs Sex­vdnen. verc er­Tma es­kad­ram ver ga­be­da
mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­ze Tav­das­xma da isi­ni ukan gab­run­dnen. pe­lo­
po­ne­se­le­bi sa­bo­lo­od dar­wmun­dnen, rom sazR­vao brZo­lis
ga­re­Se qi­oss ver ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­leb­dnen. ase das­rul­da omis
me­o­ce we­li.
ga­zaf­xul­ze qi­o­se­leb­ma sazR­vao brZo­la ga­u­mar­Tes aTe­
ne­lebs. sas­tik brZo­la­Si qi­o­se­le­bi ar da­mar­cxe­bu­lan da
da­Ra­me­bi­sas qa­laq­Si dab­run­dnen.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma he­les­pon­tis­ken gag­zav­nes spar­te­li der­
ki­li­da­si mci­re raz­miT, ra­Ta mas abi­dos­Si ajan­ye­ba mo­ewy­o.
abi­do­si da lam­psa­ko­si der­ki­li­dass da far­na­ba­Zoss mi­em­
xrnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma da­u­yov­neb­liv gag­zav­nes strom­bi­qi­da­si
oc­daS­vi­di xo­mal­diT. man da­am­ ar­cxa lam­psa­ke­le­bi da ie­ri­SiT
ai­Ro qa­la­qi, abi­do­sis aRe­ba ki ver mo­ax
­ er­xa da he­les­pon­tze
kon­tro­lis da­sam­ya­reb­lad ses­tos­Si da­ba­nak­da.
ama­so­ba­Si qi­o­se­leb­ma da pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma uf­ro Ta­vi­
suf­lad da­iwy­es zRva­ze moq­me­de­ba. aTe­ne­le­bi er­Tma­neTs ar
en­do­bod­nen da maT wi­na­aR­mdeg zRva­Si ar ga­di­od­nen.
da­ax­lo­e­biT am dros aTen­Si de­mok­ra­tia da­em­xo. sa­mos­ze
dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg pe­is
­ an­dros­ma da sxva el­Ceb­ma ga­nam­tki­ces
Ta­vi­an­Ti gav­le­na laS­qar­ze da ga­dawy­vi­tes alkibiadesis ga­re­Se
mi­ey­va­naT saq­me bo­lom­de. maT sca­des aRed­gi­naT sa­mos­ze oli­
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gar­qi­a. isi­ni sxva mo­kav­Si­re qvey­neb­Sic de­mok­ra­ti­ul wyo­bas
oli­gar­qi­u­liT cvlid­nen.
aTen­Si Ca­sul­ma pe­i­san­dros­ma Se­ity­o, rom axal­gaz­rda
SeT­qmu­lebs mo­ek­laT an­drok­le­si da de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­xre­Ta
ram­de­ni­me Tav­ka­ci. amis Sem­deg SeT­qmu­leb­ma sa­xal­xo kre­bas
Ses­Ta­va­zes, sa­xel­mwi­fos xel­fa­si ga­da­e­xa­da mxo­lod sam­xed­
ro sam­sa­xur­Si myof mo­qa­la­qe­TaT­vis da sa­xel­mwi­fo saq­me­eb­Si
Car­Tu­li yo­fi­li­yo ara ume­tes xu­Ti aTa­si mo­qa­la­qi­sa, rom­
leb­sac Se­eZ­le­bo­daT qvey­nis sam­sa­xu­ri, ga­mom­di­na­re ma­Ti
pi­ra­di Rir­se­be­bi­dan da qo­neb­ri­vi mdgo­ma­re­o­bi­dan.
es wi­na­da­de­be­bi miz­nad isa­xav­da mo­qa­la­qe­TaT­vis gza-­kva­lis
ab­ne­vas da re­a­lu­ri xe­li­suf­le­bis SeT­qmul­Ta xel­Si ga­das­
vlas. sa­xal­xo kre­ba da xu­Ta­sis sab­Wo jer ki­dev ik­ri­be­bo­da,
mag­ram mxo­lod SeT­qmul­Ta mi­er wi­nas­war mo­wo­ne­bul saq­me­
ebs ga­ni­xi­lav­dnen. xal­xi da­Sin­da, man ar ico­da SeT­qmul­Ta
re­a­lu­ri ra­o­de­no­ba da Za­la da ami­tom Ti­To­e­ul mo­qa­la­qes
er­Cia Ta­vi xi­faT­Si ar Ca­eg­do.
aseT mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a­Si iyo aTe­ni, ro­de­sac pe­i­san­dro­si da mi­si
me­gob­re­bi iq Ca­vid­nen da ga­dat­ri­a­le­bis das­ru­le­bas Se­ud­
gnen. maT mo­iw­vi­es sa­xal­xo kre­ba da aar­Ce­vi­nes mas aT­ka­ci­an
­ i
ko­mi­sia sa­xel­mwi­fo mowy­o­bis Se­sa­mu­Sa­veb­lad. daT­qmul dRes
ko­mi­si­am wa­rud­gi­na sa­xal­xo kre­bas mxo­lod er­Ti wi­na­da­de­ba:
ami­e­ri­dan Ti­To­e­ul mo­qa­la­qes da­us­je­lad un­da Ses­Zle­bo­da
ne­bis­mi­e­ri wi­na­da­de­bis war­dge­na. mxo­lod amis Sem­deg aS­ka­rad
Se­i­ta­nes axa­li pro­eq­ti, rom­lis mi­xed­vi­Tac uq­mde­bo­da yve­la
sa­xel­mwi­fo Ta­nam­de­bo­ba da ir­Cev­dnen xuT­ka­ci­an sab­Wos. es
xu­Ti ka­ci Se­ar­Cev­da ki­dev ass, isi­ni ki (Ti­To­e­u­li) – sam­-sams.
es `oTx­a­si~ ka­ci da­i­ka­veb­da sab­Wos Se­no­bas da mar­Tav­da qve­ya­
nas, aR­Wur­vi­li ga­nu­sazR­vre­li uf­le­be­biT. maT Se­eZ­loT, sa­Wi­
ro­e­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si, mo­ew­vi­aT kre­ba­ze xu­Ti aTa­si mo­qa­la­qe.
es wi­na­da­de­ba pe­i­san­dross ekuT­vno­da. mas­Tan er­Tad ga­dat­
ri­a­le­bas Ta­ob­dnen an­ti­fo­ni, fri­ni­qo­si, Te­ra­me­ne­si. ga­dat­
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ri­a­le­ba swo­red imi­tom gax­da Se­saZ­le­be­li, rom mas bev­ri
go­ni­e­ri da ni­Wi­e­ri ada­mi­a­ni xel­mZRva­ne­lob­da. ar iyo io­li
Ta­vi­suf­le­bis war­Tme­va aTe­nel­TaT­vis, rom­leb­mac asi wlis
win da­am­xes ti­ra­ni­a da rom­le­bic Ta­vi­suf­le­ba­sa da sxveb­ze
mbrZa­neb­lo­bas iy­vnen miC­ve­ul­ni.
mas Sem­deg, rac sa­xal­xo kre­bam da­am­tki­ca es wi­na­da­de­be­bi,
igi da­iTx­o­ves, xo­lo `oTx­as­ma~ da sxva SeT­qmu­leb­ma Za­liT
da­i­ka­ves sab­Wos Se­no­ba.
sab­Wos wev­rebs wi­na­aR­mde­go­ba ar ga­u­we­vi­aT. sxva mo­qa­la­
qe­eb
­ ic sim­Svi­des inar­Cu­neb­dnen. `oTx­as­ma~ wi­lis­yriT Se­ar­Cia
Ta­nam­de­bo­bis pi­re­bi da Ca­a­ta­ra ase­Ti Sem­Txve­vi­saT­vis gaT­va­
lis­wi­ne­bu­li msxver­plSe­wir­va. maT ga­au
­ q­mes de­mok­ra­ti­u­li
mTav­ro­bis dad­ge­ni­le­be­bi, mxo­lod dev­ni­le­bi ar da­ub­ru­ne­bi­aT,
pir­vel rig­Si alkibiadess. Ta­vi­anT mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­Ta­gan zo­gi
sik­vdi­liT da­sa­jes, zo­gi da­aty­ve­ves, zo­gic qvey­ni­dan gan­dev­
nes. maT sam­Svi­do­bo wi­na­da­de­be­bi ga­ug­zav­nes de­ke­le­a­Si agiss.
agiss ar sje­ro­da, rom aTe­ne­le­bi ase io­lad ity­od­nen Ta­vi­
suf­le­ba­ze uars. man ga­dawy­vi­ta, aTe­nis ked­leb­Tan mi­su­li­yo
da amiT qa­laq­Si are­u­lo­ba ga­mo­ew­vi­a. mag­ram mtris ga­mo­Ce­nas
qa­la­qi mSvi­dad Sex­vda. aTe­nel­ma mxed­reb­ma da­xo­ces ked­leb­Tan
ax­los mi­su­li hop­li­te­bi da msu­bu­qad Se­i­a­ra­Re­bu­li qve­i­Te­bi
da na­davls da maT sa­Wur­vels da­e­uf­lnen. agi­si mix­vda Ta­vis
Sec­do­mas da de­ke­le­a­Si dab­run­da, ris Sem­de­gac sam­Svi­do­bo
mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi ga­nax­lda.
`oTxasma~ ma­Ti war­mo­mad­ge­ne­li gag­zav­na sa­mos­ze, ra­Ta laS­
qa­ri da­em­Svi­de­bi­naT da aex­snaT maT­Tvis, rom oli­gar­qi­u­li
mmar­Tve­lo­ba qvey­nis ga­da­sar­Ce­nad dam­yar­da da ara mo­qa­la­
qe­Ta Cag­vris­Tvis. qve­ya­nas, ma­Ti mtki­ce­biT, xu­Ti aTa­si ka­ci
mar­Tav­da. ad­rec um­niS­vne­lo­va­nes sa­kiTx­Ta ga­da­sawy­ve­tad
xu­Ti aTa­si ka­ci iS­vi­a­Tad mi­di­o­da sa­xal­xo kre­ba­ze. mTav­ro­bis
war­mo­mad­gen­lebs laS­qris­Tvis un­da ec­no­be­bi­naT sxva zo­me­bis
Se­sa­xebac. isi­ni sa­fuZ­vli­a­nad Si­Sob­dnen, rom mezR­va­ur­Ta
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di­di na­wi­li ar Se­e­gu­e­bo­da oli­gar­qi­ul wyo­bas. mar­Tlac,
sa­nam aTen­Si `oTx­a­sis~ ga­dat­ri­a­le­ba mzad­de­bo­da, sa­mos­ze
da­iwyo moZ­ra­o­ba oli­gar­qi­is wi­na­aR­mdeg. sa­mo­sel­Ta jguf­
ma, pe­i­san­dro­sis gav­le­niT, sa­ma­sam­de Ta­na­mo­az­re Sek­ri­ba da
de­mok­ra­teb­ze Tav­das­xmas api­reb­da. de­mok­ra­teb­ma ga­af­rTxi­
les sar­dle­bi le­o­ni da di­o­me­do­ni, ag­reT­ve Tra­si­bu­lo­si,
Tra­si­lo­si da SeT­qmul­Ta zo­gi­er­Ti sxva mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge da
sTxo­ves maT, ar Ca­eg­doT mtris xel­Si sa­mo­si, aTe­nis uka­nas­
kne­li da­say­rde­ni. mar­Tlac, oli­gar­qe­bis Tav­das­xmis dros,
aTe­nel­ma mezR­va­u­reb­ma de­mok­ra­tebs da­uW
­ i­res mxa­ri da ma­Ti
ga­mar­jve­ba uz­run­vel­hyves.
sa­mo­se­leb­ma da aTe­ne­leb­ma sas­wra­fod gag­zav­nes xo­mal­di
aTen­Si, ra­Ta ga­dat­ri­a­le­bis Se­sa­xeb ec­no­be­bi­naT. maT jer ar
icod­nen, rom aTen­Si xe­li­suf­le­ba uk­ve `oTx­ass~ ekuT­vno­da.
ro­gorc ki xo­mal­di nav­sad­gur­Si Se­vi­da, mTav­ro­bis brZa­ne­biT,
mi­si ram­de­ni­me Tav­ka­ci da­a­pa­tim­res, xo­lo eki­pa­Ji sxva ge­meb­ze
ga­da­a­na­wi­les. oli­gar­qi­is aS­ka­ra mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gem, aTe­nel­ma qa­i­
re­as­ma mo­a­xer­xa gaq­ce­va da sa­mos­ze Ca­aR­wi­a. man me­tis­me­tad muq
fe­reb­Si da­u­xa­ta Ta­na­meb­rZo­lebs aTenis movlenebi. me­om­re­bi
aR­SfoT­dnen da oli­gar­qeb­ze ga­laS­qre­ba mo­in­do­mes. Tumca,
zo­mi­er­ma xal­xma mo­a­xer­xa ma­Ti dam­Svi­de­ba. Tra­si­bu­los­ma da
Tra­si­los­ma aS­ka­rad ga­mo­acx­ad
­ es de­mok­ra­tia sa­mos­ze. maT
da­if
­ i­ces, rom ga­ag­rZe­leb­dnen oms pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan da ama­ve
dros iq­ne­bod­nen `oTx­a­sis~ mte­ri da maT­Tan mxo­lod mac­nis
meS­ve­o­biT ila­pa­ra­keb­dnen. brZo­li­su­na­ri­an­ma sa­mo­se­leb­mac
er­Tgu­le­ba Seh­fi­ces aTe­nel me­om­rebs da isi­ni ga­er­Ti­an­dnen,
ra­Ta Wi­ri da lxi­ni er­Tad ga­e­zi­a­re­bi­naT.
ase da­iwyo brZo­la or daj­gu­fe­bas So­ris: er­Tni cdi­lob­
dnen aRed­gi­naT de­mok­ra­ti­a, me­o­re­ni – laS­qa­ri da flo­ti
oli­gar­qe­bis­Tvis da­e­mor­Ci­le­bi­naT. me­om­re­bi Se­ik­rib­nen,
ga­da­a­ye­nes sar­dle­bi, vinc oli­gar­qi­as Ta­na­ug­rZnob­da, da
air­Ci­es ax­le­bi, maT So­ris Tra­si­bu­lo­si da Tra­si­lo­si. isi­
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ni er­Tma­neTs am­xne­veb­dnen da sim­tki­cis­ken mo­u­wo­deb­dnen.
sa­mos­ze ma­Ti mdgo­ma­re­o­ba sak­ma­od mya­ri iyo. isi­ni ba­to­nob­
dnen zRva­ze da ukeT SeZ­leb­dnen mo­kav­Si­re­Ta­gan fu­li­sa da
sur­sa­Tis mo­po­ve­bas, vid­re aTe­nis xe­li­suf­le­ba. maT ime­di
hqon­daT, rom alkibiadesi me­fes­Tan da­a­kav­Si­reb­da. ua­res
Sem­Txve­va­Si, sru­li mar­cxis Sem­de­gac ki, amo­de­na flo­tiT
isi­ni SeZ­leb­dnen Ta­vis­Tvis axa­li mi­wa epov­aT.
me­om­re­bi ga­aT­ke­ce­bu­li Za­liT emzadebodnen omis­Tvis,
`oTx­a­sis~ war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma ki ver ga­be­des Cas­vla.
ama­so­ba­Si pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ra­Si uk­ma­yo­fi­le­ba mwif­­
de­bo­da. mezR­va­u­re­bi Ci­od­nen, rom as­ti­oq­ o­si da ti­sa­fer­ne­si
Ru­pa­ven maT. as­ti­o­qo­si ad­rec ga­ur­bo­da mter­Tan brZo­las da
ax­lac, ro­de­sac aTe­ne­le­bi ai­rivnen, xo­lo ma­Ti flo­ti ga­fan­
tu­li iyo, Zve­le­bu­rad iq­ce­o­da. igi kvla­vac ama­od elo­da
ti­sa­fer­ne­sis fi­ni­ki­ur es­kad­ras. ti­sa­fer­ne­si ki maT flots
asus­teb­da xel­fa­sis uwes­ri­god da na­wi­lob­ri­vad ga­dax­diT.
ami­tom isi­ni ga­dam­wyvet brZo­las mo­iTx­ov­dnen.
as­ti­o­qos­ma ga­iT­va­lis­wi­na laS­qris gan­wyo­bi­le­ba da brZo­
lis ga­mar­Tva ga­dawy­vi­ta. as T
­ or­me­ti xo­mal­diT is mi­ka­les­ken
ga­em­ ar­Ta. aTe­nel­Ta oTx­moc­da­or­ma xo­mal­dma sa­mo­sis­ken da­i­
xia. aTe­ne­le­bi strom­bi­qi­de­sis es­kad­ras elod­nen abi­do­si­
dan. pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi mi­ka­les­Tan gan­lag­dnen da me­o­re dRes
sa­mos­ze Tav­das­xmas api­reb­dnen, mag­ram Seityves maS­ve­li Za­lis
mos­vlis Se­sa­xeb da mi­let­osSi gab­run­dnen. ma­Sin aTe­ne­leb­ma
as rva xo­mal­diT mi­le­tosis­ken ga­cu­res, mag­ram mte­ri zRva­ze
ar ga­moC­nda da isi­ni ukan dab­run­dnen.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma ar icod­nen, sad eSovaT fu­li xo­mal­de­bis
Se­sa­ke­Teb­lad da or­mo­ci xo­mal­di kle­ar­qo­sis sar­dlo­biT
far­na­ba­Zoss ga­ug­zav­nes. pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta es­kad­ra Ria zRva­
Si ga­vi­da, ra­Ta aTe­ne­lebs ar Sex­ved­ro­da, mag­ram qa­riS­xal­
Si mohy­va. xo­mal­de­bis di­di na­wi­li ukan dab­run­da, aT­ma ki
he­les­ponts mi­aR­wi­a.
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sa­m o­s e­l i sar­d le­b i, gan­s a­k uT­r e­b iT Tra­s i­b u­l o­s i,
al­kibiadesis dab­ru­ne­bis mom­xre­ni iy­vnen da maT sa­xal­xo
kre­­bac da­i­yo­li­es. alkibiadesi sa­mos­ze Ca­vi­da. man mo­i­po­va
laS­qris ndo­ba da sar­dlis Ta­nam­de­bo­ba. me­om­re­bi mzad iy­vnen,
ga­e­laS­qraT aTen­ze, mag­ram alkibiadesma uar­yo es az­ri da
ga­dawy­vi­ta ti­sa­fer­nes­Tan ga­eg­rZe­le­bi­na mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi.
aTe­nel­Ta sar­dlad ar­Ce­vis Sem­deg mas Se­eZ­lo ti­sa­fer­ne­si
aTe­ne­le­biT da­e­Si­ne­bi­na, aTe­ne­le­bi ki – ti­sa­fer­ne­siT.
alkibiadesis dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg mi­let­osSi myof pe­lo­
po­ne­se­lebs ti­sa­fer­ne­si­sa da as­ti­o­qo­si­sad­mi un­dob­lo­ba
ga­uR­rmav­daT.
as­ti­o­qo­si Zlivs ga­da­ur­Ca mezR­va­ur­Ta an­ga­riS­swo­re­bas,
xo­lo mi­le­te­leb­ma ai­Res ti­sa­fer­ne­sis si­mag­re da iqi­dan mi­si
gar­ni­zo­ni gan­dev­nes.
la­ke­de­mo­ne­leb­ma flo­tis sar­dlad min­da­ro­si da­niS­nes.
man ga­da­ib
­ a­ra as­ti­o­qo­sis­gan sar­dlo­ba, as­ti­o­qo­si ki la­ke­de­
mon­Si ga­em­gzav­ra. mas ax­lda ti­sa­fer­ne­sis el­Cic, ro­mel­sac
sat­ra­pi Se­saZ­lo bral­de­be­bis­gan un­da da­ec­va. la­ke­de­mon­Si
ti­sa­fer­ne­sis da­sa­da­na­Sa­u­leb­lad ga­em­gzav­rnen mi­le­te­li
el­Ce­bic da si­ra­ku­ze­li her­mok­ra­te­sic.
ama­so­ba­Si sa­mos­ze Ca­vid­nen alkibiadesic da mTav­ro­bis
el­Ce­bic. meb­rZo­lebs el­Ce­bis mos­me­na ar sur­daT da pi­re­os­ze
ga­laS­qre­bas iTx­ov­dnen. alkibiadesma mo­a­xer­xa ma­Ti da­SoS­mi­
ne­ba da xe­li aa­Re­bi­na ara mar­to laS­qro­ba­ze, ara­med el­Ce­bis
das­ja­zec. alkibiadesma gaaTavisufla el­Ce­bi da maT ase­Ti
rCe­va mis­ca: is ar iyo `xu­Ti aTa­sis~ mmar­Tve­lo­bis wi­na­aR­mde­gi,
mag­ram `oTx­a­si~ un­da ga­eu
­ q­me­bi­naT da `xu­Ta­sis~ sab­Wo aRed­
gi­naT. man mo­i­wo­na xar­je­bis Sem­ci­re­ba da mo­u­wo­da aTe­ne­lebs,
ara­fe­ri da­eT­moT mtri­saT­vis. Tu isi­ni mters ga­da­ur­Ce­bod­
nen, mxa­re­e­bi er­Tma­neT­Si mo­il
­ a­pa­ra­keb­dnen, xo­lo sa­mos­ze an
aTen­Si mar­cxis Sem­Txve­va­Si isi­ni gan­wi­ru­le­bi iy­vnen.
im zaf­xuls ur­Ti­er­To­ba pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­sa da ti­sa­fer­ness
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So­ris da­i­Za­ba. eW­ve­bis ga­sa­fan­tad, ti­sa­fer­ne­si as­pen­dos­Si
wa­vi­da, ra­Ta iqi­dan fi­ni­ki­ur
­ i es­kad­ra wa­mo­ey­va­na. ga­u­ge­ba­ri
dar­Ca, ra­tom ver gas­cda fi­ni­ki­el­Ta as or­moc­daS­vi­di xo­mal­
di as­pen­doss. alkibiadesic ca­me­ti xo­mal­diT as­pen­do­sis­ken
da­iZ­ra. laS­qars ki da­hpir­da, rom an fi­ni­ki­e­lebs Ca­mo­iy­van­
da an, uki­du­res Sem­Txve­va­Si, maT xels Se­uS­li­da pe­lo­po­
ne­se­leb­Tan Se­er­Te­ba­Si. man, ro­gorc Cans, Ta­vi­dan­ve ico­da
ti­sa­fer­ne­sis Ca­na­fiq­ri da ax­la Ta­vi­si na­bi­jiT cdi­lob­da
ga­eR­rma­ve­bi­na uTan­xmo­e­ba ti­sa­fer­nes­sa da pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs
So­ris da sat­ra­pi aTe­nel­Ta mxares gadaebirebina.
sa­mo­si­dan dab­ru­ne­bul­ma el­Ceb­ma aTe­ne­lebs ga­das­ces
alkibiadesis sity­ve­bi. isi­ni yve­bod­nen, rom alkibiadess
hqon­da laS­qris mo­qa­la­qe­eb­Tan Se­ri­ge­bi­sa da mter­ze sa­bo­loo
ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di. gam­xnev­ebuli mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi uf­ro Ta­ma­
mad ga­moT­qvam­dnen mTav­ro­biT uk­ma­yo­fi­le­bas. am gan­wyo­bas
izi­a­reb­dnen Te­ra­me­no­si, aris­tok­ra­te­si da oli­gar­qi­u­li
mTav­ro­bis sxva wev­re­bic. mi­u­xe­da­vad ma­Ti ga­dat­ri­a­le­ba­Si
mo­na­wi­le­o­bi­sa, ax­la maT adar­deb­daT, er­Ti mxriv, laS­qa­ri da
alkibiadesi, me­o­re mxriv ki, la­ke­de­mon­Si sa­id
­ um­lod gag­zav­
ni­li el­Co­ba. isi­ni ar iy­vnen oli­gar­qi­is wi­na­aR­mdeg­ni, mag­ram
mo­iTx­ov­dnen saq­miT `xu­Ti aTa­sis~ mmar­Tve­lo­bis dam­ya­re­bas
da iso­no­mi­is dac­vas. si­nam­dvi­le­Si es li­to­ni sity­ve­bi iyo da
Ti­To­e­uls pir­ve­lo­ba un­do­da, rac sa­er­Tod Ru­pavs ki­dec
de­mok­ra­ti­i­dan war­mo­So­bil oli­gar­qi­ul re­Jims.
`oTx­a­se­lebs~ So­ris de­mok­ra­ti­is aR­dge­nis mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­
e­bi iy­vnen fri­ni­qo­si, aris­tar­qo­si, pe­is
­ an­dro­si da an­ti­fo­ni.
maT gag­zav­nes el­Ce­bi la­ke­de­mon­Si mSvi­do­bis da­sam­ya­reb­lad.
ama­so­ba­Si grZel­de­bo­da ee­ti­on­ e­as si­mag­ris mSe­neb­lo­ba. sa­mo­
si­dan el­Ce­bis dab­ru­ne­bis Sem­deg oli­gar­qebs uf­ro swra­fad
moq­me­de­ba mouxdaT. maT gag­zav­nes an­ti­fo­ni da fri­ni­qo­si
la­ke­de­mon­Si, ra­Ta met­-nak­le­bad mi­sa­Reb pi­ro­beb­ze za­vi da­e­
doT, Tan si­mag­ris mSe­neb­lo­ba da­aC­qa­res. Te­ra­me­ne­sis az­riT,
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aqe­dan Se­saZ­le­be­li iq­ne­bo­da, sa­Wi­ro­e­bis Sem­Txve­va­Si, mtris
Se­moy­va­na qa­laq­Si. iq­ve iq­ne­bo­da mar­cvle­u­lis ma­ra­gi.
eW­ve­bi usa­fuZ­vlo sulac ar Can­da. am dros aTen­Si baz­ro­
ba­ze uam­ra­vi xal­xis Tval­win mok­les la­ke­de­mo­ni­dan dab­ru­ne­
bu­li fri­ni­qo­si. mkvlel­ma mi­mal­va mo­a­xer­xa da xe­li­suf­le­bam
mis kvals ve­Rar mi­ag­no.
pi­re­o­sis max­lob­lad mtris xo­mal­de­bis ga­mo­Ce­nam ga­aR­rma­
va eW­ve­bi. hop­li­teb­ma, rom­le­bic ci­xes ageb­dnen, da­aty­ve­ves
sar­da­li aleq­sik­le­si. maT hop­li­te­bis di­di na­wi­li uWer­da
mxars. ro­de­sac `oTx­a­sis~ sab­Wom amis Se­sa­xeb Se­ity­o, gan­ga­Sis
ga­mocx­a­de­ba ga­dawy­vi­tes, xo­lo Te­ra­me­nes­sa da mis mom­xre­ebs
bral­de­ba wa­u­ye­nes. Te­ra­me­nes­ma Ta­vi imar­Tla da Tqva, rom
mzad iyo Tvi­Ton wa­su­li­yo pi­re­os­Si tyve­Ta ga­sa­Ta­vi­suf­
leb­lad. mas­Tan er­Tad ga­e­mar­Ta aris­tar­qo­si da ram­de­ni­me
mxe­da­ri. mTe­li qa­la­qi SeS­fo­Te­bu­li iyo. aTe­ne­lebs ego­naT,
rom pi­re­o­si ajan­ye­bu­leb­ma da­i­ka­ves, xo­lo pi­re­o­si Tav­das­
xmas elo­da. xni­e­ri mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi Zlivs aka­veb­dnen axal­gaz­
rdebs da maT sim­Svi­dis­ken mo­u­wo­deb­dnen. Te­ra­me­no­si­sa da
aris­tar­qo­sis mis­vlis Sem­deg hop­li­teb­ma ga­a­Ta­vi­suf­les
aleq­sik­le­si, mag­ram si­mag­re da­an­gri­es. isi­ni mo­iTx­ov­dnen
`xu­Ti aTa­sis~ mmar­Tve­lo­bis dam­ya­re­bas, si­nam­dvi­le­Si ki
de­mok­ra­ti­is aR­dge­nas es­wraf­od­nen.
me­o­re dRes `oTx­a­si~ sa­TaT­bi­rod sab­Wos Se­no­ba­Si Se­ik­ri­ba.
Se­i­a­ra­Re­bul­ma hop­li­teb­ma sa­xal­xo kre­ba ga­mar­Tes da di­os­
ku­re­bis ta­Zar­Tan sab­rZol­ve­lad da­ewy­vnen. `oTx­a­sis~ war­mo­
mad­gen­le­bi cdi­lob­dnen maT da­SoS­mi­ne­bas da hpir­de­bod­nen
uax­lo­es xa­neb­Si `xu­Ti aTa­sis~ ar­Ce­vas. hop­li­te­bi dam­Svid­dnen
da sa­bo­loo ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba Sem­de­gi kre­bi­saT­vis ga­da­des.
kre­bis­Tvis da­niS­nul dRes maT Se­ity­ves mtris xo­mal­debis
mo­ax­lo­e­bis Se­sa­xeb. yve­las ego­na, rom es is saf­rTxe iyo,
ris Se­sa­xe­bac maT Te­ra­me­ne­si eub­ne­bo­da. Se­saZ­lo­a, mar­Tla
ar­se­bob­da gar­kve­u­li Se­Tan­xme­ba, mag­ram isic da­saS­ve­bi­a, rom
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mte­ri, ro­mel­mac ico­da qa­laq­Si ar­se­bu­li vi­Ta­re­ba, yo­ve­li
Sem­Txve­vi­saT­vis mis si­ax­lo­ves im­yo­fe­bo­da. mTe­li qa­la­qi
pi­re­os
­ is­ken ga­e­mar­Ta nav­sad­gu­ris da­sa­ca­vad.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta xo­mal­deb­ma ki gza ga­nag­rZes, su­ni­ons
Se­mo­u­a­res da oro­po­sis­ken ga­cu­res. aTe­ne­leb­ma maT da­a­dev­
nes sas­wra­fod aR­Wur­vi­li es­kad­ra. mezR­va­u­re­bis ga­mo­uc­de­
lo­bi­sa da udis­cip­li­no­bis ga­mo aTe­ne­leb­ma sas­ti­ki mar­cxi
ga­ni­ca­des, oc­da­o­ri xo­mal­di da uam­ra­vi xal­xi da­kar­ges.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi ev­be­as da­e­pat­ro­nen.
mar­cxis Sem­deg aTe­ni ar­na­xul­ma SiS­ma mo­ic­va. arc si­ci­li­
u­ri eq­spe­di­ci­is da­Rup­vas da arc sxva ga­sa­Wirs ase­Ti sa­so­war­
kve­Ti­le­ba ar mo­ug­vria maT­Tvis. sa­mos­ze ajan­ye­bu­li laS­qa­ri
id­ga, xo­mal­de­bi da mezR­va­u­re­bi aTe­ne­lebs aRar hyav­daT da
arc is icod­nen, ro­dis ifeT­qeb­da am­bo­xe­ba TviT qa­laq­Si. mar­
cxis Se­de­gad maT da­kar­ges flo­tic da ev­be­ac, ro­mel­ze­dac
iyo da­mo­ki­de­bu­li ma­Ti sur­sa­TiT mo­ma­ra­ge­ba.
aTe­ne­le­bi yo­vel wu­Ts elod­nen mtris ga­mo­Ce­nas pi­re­os­Si.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs rom me­ti ga­be­du­le­ba ga­mo­eC­ i­naT, amis ga­ke­
Te­bas io­lad SeZ­leb­dnen. pi­re­os­Tan es­kad­ris da­ye­ne­biT isi­ni
mi­aR­wev­dnen Si­na­oms aTen­Si. Tu ajan­ye­bu­li es­kad­ra mSob­li­
u­ri qvey­nis mix­ma­re­bas ga­dawy­vet­da, ma­Sin pe­lo­po­ne­se­lebs
Se­eZ­le­bo­daT Ta­vi­suf­lad moq­me­de­ba io­ni­a­Si, he­les­pon­tsa da
kun­Zu­leb­ze. amiT aTe­nel­Ta mTe­li sam­flo­be­lo­e­bi maT xel­Si
aR­moC­nde­bo­da. mag­ram am Sem­Txve­va­Sic zan­ti la­ke­de­mo­ne­le­bi
aTe­nel­TaT­vis mo­sa­xer­xe­be­li mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ge­e­bi aR­moC­ndnen.
mar­cxis Sem­deg aTe­ne­leb­ma ma­inc mo­a­xer­xes oci xo­mal­dis
aR­Wur­va. maT pniq­sze mo­iw­vi­es sa­xal­xo kre­ba da Za­la­uf­le­ba
`xu­Ti aTass~ ga­das­ces. maT ricx­vSi mxo­lod is mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi
Se­di­od­nen, rom­leb­sac sa­ku­Ta­ri mZi­me aR­Wur­vi­lo­ba hqon­daT.
ga­uq­mda anazR­a­u­re­ba sa­xel­mwi­fo Ta­nam­de­bo­be­bi­saT­vis. mom­
dev­no sa­xal­xo kre­beb­ze­dac aTe­ne­le­bi iReb­dnen ga­dawy­ve­ti­
le­bebs ma­Ti wyo­bis Sem­dgo­mi srul­yo­fi­saT­vis. es wyo­ba yve­la­
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ze kar­gi iyo maT So­ris, ra­sac me mo­ves­wa­ri. igi oli­gar­qi­i­sa
da de­mok­ra­ti­is go­niv­rul na­zavs war­mo­ad­gen­da. sa­xel­mwi­fo
wyo­bam pir­ve­lad ga­mo­iy­va­na qve­ya­na im mZi­me mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ i­dan,
ro­mel­Sic is aR­moC­nda. ga­dawy­da da­eb­ru­ne­bi­naT alkibiades­si
da sxva dev­ni­le­bi. alkibiades­sa da sa­mos­ze mdgom laS­qars
ub­rZa­nes omis­Tvis mza­de­ba.
oli­gar­qe­bis be­la­de­bi de­ke­le­a­Si ga­iq­cnen, aris­tar­qo­si ki
ga­e­mar­Ta oi­no­e­Si, moty­u­e­biT ga­mo­iy­va­na iqi­dan aTe­nel­Ta gar­
ni­zo­ni da ci­xe mters Ca­a­ba­ra. ase das­rul­da aTen­Si oli­gar­qTa
mmar­Tve­lo­ba da sa­mo­qa­la­qo da­pi­ris­pi­re­ba.
ima­ve zaf­xuls min­da­ros­ma pe­lo­po­ne­sis es­kad­ra mi­le­tosi­
dan he­les­pon­tSi ga­da­iy­va­na. ti­sa­fer­ne­sis war­mo­mad­gen­lebs
ar mih­qon­daT maT­Tvis fu­li, arc fi­ni­ki­el­Ta ge­me­bi Can­dnen
da arc ti­sa­fer­ne­si. am dros far­na­ba­Zos­ma Ta­vis­Tan mi­iw­via
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi, ra­Ta ma­Ti es­kad­ris dax­ma­re­biT ae­jan­ye­bi­
na aTe­nel­Ta mo­kav­Si­re qvey­ne­bi. min­da­ros­ma sa­moc­da­ca­me­ti
xo­mal­di mo­u­lod­ne­lad daZ­ra he­les­pon­tis mi­mar­Tu­le­biT.
mi­si es­kad­ra qa­riS­xal­ma Se­a­yov­na da qi­os­Tan ga­ri­ya.
Tra­si­lo­si s­wra­fod da­iZ­ra or­moc­daTx­uT­me­ti xo­mal­
diT, ra­Ta mis­Tvis he­les­pon­tis­ken gza ga­da­e­Ro­ba. ro­de­sac
man ga­i­go, rom min­da­ro­si qi­os­ze im­yo­fe­bo­da, mo­awyo sa­gu­Sa­
go­e­bi les­bos­sa da xme­leT­ze kun­Zu­lis pir­da­pir. Tvi­Ton ki
me­Tim­nes­ken ga­e­mar­Ta, ra­Ta sur­sa­Ti mo­e­ma­ra­ge­bi­na da iqi­dan
das­xmo­da Tavs qi­oss, Tu min­da­ro­si iq ga­Cer­de­bo­da. amas­Tan
er­Tad, Tra­si­loss un­do­da am­bo­xe­bu­li ere­so­sis aRe­ba. aq Ta­vi
mo­i­ya­ra aTe­nel­Ta sa­moc­daS­vid­ma xo­mal­dma da ma­Ti eki­pa­Je­bi
qa­la­qis al­yas Se­ud­gnen.
ama­so­ba­Si pe­lo­po­ne­sis es­kad­ram qi­os­ze ori dRis sag­za­
li ai­Ro da zRva­Si ga­vi­da. isi­ni cdi­lob­dnen gver­di aev­loT
aTe­nel­Ta es­kad­ris­Tvis da les­bo­sis gas­wvriv Se­mov­li­Ti
gziT ga­cur­dnen.
ama­so­ba­Si ses­tos­Tan mdgom­ma aTe­nel­Ta Teq­vsme­ti xo­mal­
337
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dis­gan Sem­dgar­ma es­kad­ram mi­i­Ro cno­ba mtris mo­ax­lo­e­bis
Se­sa­xeb. isi­ni Ra­miT­ve da­iZ­rnen, ra­Ta mtris mos­vlam­de mo­es­
wroT Ria zRva­Si gas­vla. aTe­ne­leb­ma Se­um­Cnev­lad au­a­res gver­
di abi­dos­Tan mdgom es­kad­ras da di­liT min­da­ross Sex­vdnen.
xo­mal­de­bis um­rav­le­so­bam mo­as­wro Ta­vi Se­e­fa­re­bi­na im­bro­
si­sa da lem­no­sis­Tvis, oTxi xo­mal­di ki mters Ca­uv­ ar­da xel­Si.
pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta ori es­kad­ra Se­er­Tda da oTx­moc­da­eq­vsi
xomaldiT isi­ni Tavs da­es­xnen ela­i­unts, mag­ram qa­la­qi ver
ai­Res da abi­dos­Tan mob­run­dnen. ere­sos­Tan mdgo­mi aTe­ne­le­bi
mix­vdnen, rom moty­uv­dnen gaT­vleb­Si da mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gem maT
gver­di au­a­ra. maT kur­si ai­Res he­les­pon­tis­ken, ela­i­unts
mi­ad­gnen da sab­rZo­lod ga­em­zad­nen.
aTe­ne­le­bi erT xaz­ze gam­wkriv­dnen da sa­na­pi­ros gas­wvriv
ses­to­sis­ken ga­cu­res. pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma Se­am­Cni­es mo­wi­na­aR­
mde­ge da abi­do­si­dan ga­mo­vid­nen. pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta mar­jve­na
flan­gze si­ra­ku­zel­Ta xo­mal­de­bi id­gnen, mar­cxe­na­ze ki –
TviT min­da­ro­si, mi­si yve­la­ze swraf­ma­va­li ge­me­biT. aTe­
nel­Ta mar­cxe­na flangs Tra­si­lo­si sar­dlob­da, mar­jve­nas
ki – Tra­si­bu­lo­si.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi Cqa­rob­dnen brZo­lis dawy­e­bas. ma­Ti geg­
me­bi ase­Ti iyo: alyaSi moeqciaT aTe­nel­Ta mar­jve­na frTa da
mo­eW­raT mis­Tvis sru­ti­dan ga­sas­vle­li; amav­dro­u­lad cen­tri
uku­eg­doT na­pi­ram­de. aTe­ne­leb­ma ga­mo­ic­nes mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis
geg­ma, ga­Wi­mes xo­mal­de­bis xa­zi im mi­mar­Tu­le­biT, sa­dac mo­wi­
na­aR­mde­ge maT­Tvis gzis ga­da­Rob­vas api­reb­da. amiT aTe­nel­Ta
cen­tri Se­sus­tda.
pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma Se­ut
­ i­es aTe­nel­Ta centrs, mo­im­wyvdies
is na­pir­Tan da me­to­qes xme­leT­ze da­e­dev­nen. centrs ver da­ex­
ma­re­bod­nen flan­ge­bi­dan, rad­gan maT kon­cxi ufa­rav­da xeds,
Ta­nac mo­wi­na­aR­mde­gis sak­mao ra­o­de­no­bis xo­mal­deb­Tan uwev­
daT da­pi­ris­pi­re­ba. mag­ram ro­de­sac ga­mar­jve­bul­ma pe­lo­po­ne­
se­leb­ma uSiS­rad da uwes­ri­god da­iwy­es da­mar­cxe­bu­li mtris
338
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dev­na, ma­Ti sab­rZo­lo mwyob­ri ai­ri­a. Tra­si­bu­lo­si mo­ut­ri­
al­da mters, Tavs da­es­xa da uku­ag­do igi. si­ra­ku­ze­leb­mac
ver ga­uZ­les Tra­si­bu­lo­sis ie­riSs da ga­iq­cnen. da­mar­cxe­bis
Sem­deg pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi abi­do­sis­ken ga­iq­cnen. aTe­ne­leb­ma
mtris xo­mal­de­bis mxo­lod mci­re ra­o­de­no­ba ig­des xelT,
rad­gan he­les­pon­tSi bev­ri Tav­Se­sa­fa­ri aR­moC­nda. mi­u­xe­da­vad
ami­sa, ga­mar­jve­ba Zal­ze dro­ul
­ i iyo. am dRem­de wvril­-wvri­
li wa­ru­ma­teb­lo­be­bi­sa da si­ci­li­as­Tan ka­tas­tro­fis Sem­deg
maT pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta flo­tis eSi­no­daT. ax­la ki maT da­ib­ru­nes
sa­ku­Ta­ri Za­le­bis rwme­na. aTe­ne­leb­ma mtris oc­da­er­Ti xo­mal­
di ig­des xelT, Tvi­Ton ki TxuT­me­ti da­kar­ges. maT ga­mar­jve­bis
ni­Sa­ni aR­mar­Tes, xo­mal­de­bis nam­tvre­ve­bi Se­ag­ro­ves da da­za­
ve­bis Sem­deg mo­wi­na­aR­mde­ges da­Ru­pul­Ta cxed­re­bi ga­das­ces.
Sem­deg aTen­Si tri­e­ri ga­g­zav­nes sa­si­xa­ru­lo cno­biT. ev­be­a­ze
mar­cxi­sa da qa­laq­Si are­u­lo­bis Sem­deg aTe­ne­le­bi Zlivs ije­
reb­dnen am bed­ni­e­re­bas. maT mdgo­ma­re­ob
­ a aRar eC­ve­ne­bo­daT
gan­wi­ru­lad da ga­mar­jve­bis ime­di ga­uC­ndaT.
brZo­li­dan me­oTxe dRes aTe­ne­le­bi ses­to­si­dan ajan­ye­bu­
li ki­Zi­ko­sis­ken da­iZ­rnen. gzad xelT ig­des pe­lo­po­ne­sel­Ta
rva xo­mal­di da ma­Ti sax­me­le­To raz­mi. aTe­ne­leb­ma ki­Zi­ko­si
da­i­mor­Ci­les da mas xar­ki da­a­kis­res.
da­ax­lo­e­biT ama­ve dros sa­mos­ze kav­no­si­dan dab­run­da
alkibiadesi cno­biT, rom man xe­li Se­u­Sa­la fi­ni­ki­el­Ta flo­
tis pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­Tan Se­er­Te­bas da rom ami­e­ri­dan ti­sa­fer­
ne­si aTe­ne­leb­Tan kav­Si­ris­ken ix­re­bo­da.
ti­sa­fer­nes­ma Se­ity­o, rom pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ma mi­le­tosi­dan
he­les­pon­tSi ga­da­in
­ ac­vles, da io­ni­a­Si dab­run­da. pe­lo­po­ne­
sel­Ta he­les­pon­tSi yof­nis dros maT hop­li­te­bi gag­zav­nes
an­tan­dros­Si da iqi­dan ti­sa­fer­ne­sis qve­Sev­rdo­mi ar­sa­ko­si
gan­dev­nes.
mi­let­osSi, kni­dos­sa da an­tan­dros­ze mom­xda­ris Sem­deg
ti­sa­fer­nes­ma sa­bo­lo­od ai­ya­ra gu­li pe­lo­po­ne­se­leb­ze. is
339
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maT­gan mxo­lod axal usi­am
­ ov­ne­bebs elo­da. amas­Tan, is Zal­ze
ga­Ri­zi­an­da, ro­de­sac ga­i­go, rom Tar­na­ba­Zos­ma nak­le­bi da­na­
xar­je­biT da uf­ro swra­fad mi­im­xro pe­lo­po­ne­se­le­bi da aTe­
ne­leb­Tan brZo­la­Si met Se­deg­sac mi­aR­wi­a. ami­tom ti­sa­fer­nes­ma
ga­dawy­vi­ta, he­les­pon­tSi wa­su­li­yo da ga­e­sa­Civ­re­bi­na pe­lo­po­
ne­sel­Ta saq­ci­e­li an­tan­dros­Si. ama­ve dros, Ta­vi emar­Tle­bi­na
fi­ni­ki­el­Ta es­kad­ris dag­vi­a­ne­bis ga­mo. is Ta­vi­dan efe­sos­Si
Ca­vi­da da ar­te­mi­ss msxver­pli Ses­wi­ra. ase das­rul­da omis
oc­da­me­er­Te we­li.
340
Tukidide.indd 340
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„msoflio
literaturis biblioTeka“
antikuri mwerloba
1.
2.
3.
4.
homerosi
homerosi
homerosi
Zveli berZnuli
lirika
5. pindarosi
6. herodote
7. Tukidide
8. esqile
9. sofokle
10.evripide
11.aristofane
12.platoni
13.platoni
14.platoni
15.Zveli berZnuli
proza
16.qsenofoni
17.hesiode. apolo­
nios rodoseli
18.elinisturi
da romauli
komedia
19.ciceroni
20.gaius salus­
tius krispusi
21.vergiliusi
22.ovidiusi
23.romauli poezia
24.plutarqosi
25.plutarqosi
26.plutarqosi
27.lukianosi
28.romauli sais­
torio mwerloba
29.titus liviusi
30.markus
avreliusi.
fsevdo-longine
31.apiane.
svetoniusi
32.longosi.
heliodorosi
33.petroniusi.
apuleiusi
aRmosavluri klasikuri mwerloba
34. Zveli Suamdina­
ruli mwerloba
35. Zveli aRmosav­
luri mwerloba
36. Zveli aRTqmis
poeturi wignebi
37. Zveli induri
poezia da proza
38. mahabharata.
ramaiana
39. Zveli Cinuri
poezia
40. Zveli da Sua
saukuneebis
Cinuri da tibe­
turi litera­
turis Zeglebi
Tukidide.indd 341
41. kalidasa
42. Sua saukuneebis
aRmosavluri
poezia
43. Seherazadas
zRaprebi
44. sparsuli
klasikuri
poezia
45. firdousi
46. visramiani
47. saadi Sirazeli.
al-jahizi
48. Sei-Sionagoni
49. niZio. ho giuni
50. nizami ganjeli
51. mola nasredi­
nis anekdotebi.
TuTi-name.
baxTiar-name.
oTxi derviSis
ambavi
52. sibrZne
balahvarisi.
Timsariani.
mefeTa salaro
53. qilila da
damana. Tormeti
margaliti
54. Cinuri da
iaponuri
klasikuri drama
55. Sua saukuneebis
ebrauli poezia
01.04.2013 14:47:24
Sua saukuneebis evropuli literatura
56.netari
60.Sua saukuneebis
avgustine
57.netari
avgustine
58.bizantiuri
poezia
59.bizantiuri
sasuliero
mwerloba
evropuli poezia
61.rolanis
simRera. wigni
tristanisa da
izoldasi
62.ufrosi eda
63.kalevala. wigni I
64.kalevala. wigni II
65.simRera
nibelungebze
66.nialis saga
67.irlandiuri
sagebi
68.narTebi
69.bizantiuri
romani
70.Tomas melori
Zveli qarTuli mwerloba
71.Zveli qarTuli
proza. wigni I
72.Zveli qarTuli
proza. wigni II
73.Zveli qarTuli
poezia
74.ioane minCxi.
75.qarTlis
77.ioane petriwi
78.mose xoneli.
cxovreba.
wigni I
76.qarTlis
cxovreba.
wigni II
ioane SavTeli.
CaxruxaZe
79.SoTa rusTaveli
80.Teimuraz
pirveli. arCili
miqael modrekili
aRorZinebis xanisa da XVII saukunis evropuli mwerloba
81.jefri Coseri
82.aRorZinebis
xanisa da
XVII saukunis
evropuli
poezia
83.dante aligieri
84.aRorZinebis
xanis evropuli
novela
85.jovani bokaCo
Tukidide.indd 342
86.jovani bokaCo
87.fransua rable
88.fransua rable
89.servantesi
90.servantesi
91.servantesi
92.servantesi
93.uiliam Seqspiri
94.uiliam Seqspiri
95.uiliam Seqspiri
96.uiliam Seqspiri
97.pier korneli.
Jan rasini
98.Jan-batist
molieri
99.laroSfuko.
paskali.
la briuieri
100.jon fleT­Ceri.
jon miltoni.
andreas
grifiusi
01.04.2013 14:47:24
male gamova
tomi
11 aristofane. komediebi
12 platoni. adreuli dialogebi, wigni I
tomi 13 platoni. adreuli dialogebi, wigni II
tomi 14 platoni. saxelmwifo
tomi 15 Zveli berZnuli proza
tomi 16 qsenofoni. Txzulebani
tomi 17 hesiode. Teogonia; bayayebisa da Tagvebis omi;
tomi
apolonios rodoseli. argonavtika
tomi
tomi
Tukidide.indd 343
18 elinisturi da romauli komedia
19 markus tulius ciceroni. sityvebi da dialogebi
tomi 20 gaius salustius krispusi. Txzulebani
01.04.2013 14:47:24