Workbook
Transcript
Workbook
Piccadilly Catania Workbook Gruppo Elementary page 1 Welcome to Piccadilly Catania English courses! This is your student workbook that you will need to bring to every lesson. We hope you enjoy the course and would like to thank you for choosing Piccadilly. Piccadilly - where English is just one stop away Piccadilly Catania Contents: 1. Alphabet, Numbers and Days 2. Greetings, Introducing yourself 3. Months, Dates, Seasons Expressions of time Past Simple 4. What did you do? Past Simple in use 5. Auxiliaries, Present simple 6. Hobbies and Free time Questions and negatives – be and auxiliary verbs Do you like….? 7. Present continuous 8. Using the Present continuous 9. Articles and Prepositions of place 10. What are your plans? Using the Future 11. Futures 12. Daily Routines 13. Spoken English – Understanding native speakers 14. Pronunciation workshop 15. Prepositions of time 16. Conversation 17. Present Perfect 18. For and Since with the Present Perfect 19. Recap 20. Recap page 3 page 5 page 8 page 17 page 19 page 25 page 28 page 32 page 35 page 43 page 47 page 54 page 57 page 59 page 64 .Reading material .Irregular verbs page 68 page 71 1. THE ENGLISH ALPHABET Letter A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Letter name a bee cee dee e ef (eff as a verb) gee aitch haitch i jay jy kay el or ell em en o pee cue ar ess (es-) tee u vee double-u ex wy or wye zed zee izzard Pronunciation /eɪ/ /biː/ /siː/ /diː/ /iː/ /ɛf/ /dʒiː/ /eɪtʃ/ /heɪtʃ/ /aɪ/ /dʒeɪ/ /dʒaɪ/ /keɪ/ /ɛl/ /ɛm/ /ɛn/ /oʊ/ /piː/ /kjuː/ /ɑr/ /ɛs/ /tiː/ /juː/ /viː/ /ˈdʌbəl.juː/ /ɛks/ /waɪ/ /zɛd/ /ziː/ /ˈɪzərd/ ENGLISH NUMERALS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 zero (nought) one two three four five six seven eight 9 nine 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen (note "f", not "v") sixteen seventeen eighteen (only one "t") 19 nineteen 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 twenty thirty forty (no "u") fifty (note "f", not "v") sixty seventy eighty (only one "t") 90 ninety (note the "e") 21 twenty-one 900 nine hundred 25 twenty-five 1,000 one thousand 32 thirty-two 2,000 two thousand 58 fifty-eight 10,000 ten thousand 64 sixty-four 11,000 eleven thousand 79 seventy-nine 20,000 twenty thousand 83 eighty-three 21,000 twenty-one thousand 99 ninety-nine 30,000 thirty thousand 100 one hundred 85,000 eighty-five thousand 200 two hundred 100,000 one hundred thousand 999,000 nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand 1,000,000 one million 10,000,000 ten million 1,000,000,000 One billion DAYS OF THE WEEK Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday i.e. On Manday I am going to a party. page 4 Saturday Sunday 2 Greetings Introductions Jobs About me In this section you will learn how to introduce yourself, learn how to greet people and ask and answer questions about others and yourself. Hello! – is more formal Hi! – is informal Greetings with parts of the day Please note these are formal: Good Morning – from the start of the morning to midday Good Afternoon – from midday Good Evening – from 5pm Good Night – before you go to bed Goodbye – is more formal Bye! ‐ is more informal See you later – is more informal See you soon – is more informal Nice to meet you/Pleased to meet you How are you? – both formal and informal How is it going? ‐ more informal How are you doing? My name is____________________ I’m __________________ (and this is______________) I’m fine thanks, and you? It’s going OK I’m doing well thank you Where are you from? How old are you? What do you do? I’m from____________/I’m_________________ I’m____________ years old I’m a…. Student Lawyer ________ ____________ Doctor/Intern Shop Assistant ____________________ Secretary Waiter/Waitress ____________________ Nurse Actor/Actress ____________________ page 5 1. Match the phrases below. One phrase has been completed for you. How are you? I’m from Canada How old are you? It’s going OK What is your name? I’m 26 years old What do you do? I’m fine thanks How’s it going? Pleased to meet you too Where are you from? My name is Stephen Nice to meet you I’m a doctor. 2. Interview two people from your class. Write their information below: Name: Name: Age: Age: From: From: Job: Job: 3. Read the following conversation between three people: Mark: Hi! What’s your name? Maria: I’m Maria and this is Lucy. What’s your name? Mark: My name is Mark. So where are you from? Maria: I’m from Catania Lucy: And I’m from Australia. What about you? Mark: I was born in Germany but I live in Syracuse. What do you do? Lucy: I’m a Nurse Maria: And I’m an Italian Teacher. What do you do Mark? Mark: I’m a scientist. Anyway, pleased to meet you. Lucy and Maria: Nice to meet you too! page 6 4. Fill in the table below: Name From Job Mark Australia Italian Teacher Is the conversation formal or informal? 6. New Expressions So What about you? Anyway Read the following conversation between two people: David: Good Morning Jenny: Hello! I want to do an English course please David: OK – what is your name please? Jenny: Jenny Smith – J‐E‐N‐N‐Y S‐M‐I‐T‐H David: Thank you. And how old are you Jenny? Jenny: I’m 16. Do you have Evening Classes? David: Yes. You can start tomorrow if you want? Jenny. Great! Thank you. Goodbye! David: Goodbye! 7. Questions What did Jenny want? When does she want to do the courses? Is the conversation formal or informal? 8. Homework Write a short presentation ‘About Me’. page 7 3. Months January February March April May June July August September October November December i.e. In January it usually snows Seasons Winter Spring Summer Autumn i.e. In the Summer I go to the beach every day Dates In 2012 Juventus won the Italian league In lingua inglese gli anni vengono pronunciati due cifre alla volta. i.e. 1995 → nineteen ninety-five Tuttavia nel caso di anni compresi tra inizio secolo e i nove anni successivi si pronuncia la migliaia seguita da and e l'ultimo numero. i.e. 2001 → two thousand and one 2002 → two thousand and two … Inoltre nel caso di una data completa (giorno, mese e anno) la preposizione cambia In 25th August 2012 Juventus won the Italian league On 25th August 2012 Juventus won the Italian league page 8 *Nonostante le date complete vengano pronunciate mettendo the davanti al giorno (in questo caso: on the 25th August 2012 Juventus won the Italian league), nella forma scritta il the viene omesso. Expressions of time Past yesterday last week an hour ago recently a little while ago a long time ago in the past this morning Present today this week now as we speak at this moment these days nowadays at this time page 9 Future tomorrow next week in an hour soon in the near future way off in the future eventually later this evening . IL PAST SIMPLE Verbi regolari Il Past Simple dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo –ed all’infinito senza to. Con I verbi terminanti in –esi aggiunge solo –d. I enjoyed thefilm.(da enjoy) Il film mi è piaciuto I loved themusic (da love) La musica mi è piaciuta molto. La forma del Past Simple è la stessa per tutte le persone FI loved,you loved,heloved,ecc.+ Ortografia I verbi in –y preceduta da consonante cambiano –y in –ied: Try – Tried Cry – Cried I verbi che terminano con una sola consonante preceduta da una sola vocale accentata raddoppiano la consonante finale: Regret – Regretted Fit – Fitted Stop – Stopped Verbi irregolari Alcuni esempi: Past Simple Participio Passato Eat FMangiare+ Ate Eaten Drink FBere+ Drank Drunk WakeFSvegliare/Svegliarsi+ Woke Woken I paradigmi dei verbi irregolari si imparano con lo studio e con l’uso. Forme interrogative Le forme interrogative si formano con did + soggetto + infinito senza to page 10 Didyouenjoythefilm?Didyoudrinkallthemilk? Ti/Vièpiaciutoilfilm?Hai/Avetebevutotuttoillatte? Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Whydidsheleave? Checosahai/avetefattoieri?Perchéèpartita/seneèandata? NonsiusadidquandoWho/Whatecc.Fungonodasoggetto. Whophoned? Chihatelefonato? Formenegative Leformenegativesiformanocondidnotel’infinitosenzato.Nelparlatoeneitestiscrittiinformalididnotsicontraeindidn’t. Thecoatdidn’tfitme.Caroldidn’teatverymuch. Ilcappottononmiandavabene.Carolnonhamangiatomolto. Ilverbobeèirregolare.Ilparadigmaè:be(infinito)was/were(PastSimple)been(participiopassato). LevocidelPastSimplesono: Formaaffermativa: I/he/she/itwas You/we/they/were Formanegativa: I/he/she/itwasnot(wasn’t)you/we/theywerenot(weren’t) Formainterrogativa: WasI/he/she/it?Wereyou/we/they? ItwasverycoldlastSunday. Era/Estatomoltofreddodomenicascorsa. Wherewereyouyesterdayafternoon? Dov’eri/Doveseistatoieripomeriggio? Ilverbohaveèirregolare.Ilparadigmaè:have(infinito)had(PastSimple)had(participiopassato).DisolitononsiusagotnelPastSimple. Annhadacarwhenshewasastudent. Annavevalamacchinaquandoerastudentessa Didyouwritethereportyesterday?Non,Ididn’thavetime. Haiscrittolarelazioneieri?No.Nonhoavutotempo. Whattimedidyouhavesupperlastnight? Acheorahai/avetecenatoierisera? page 11 IlPastSimple:Significato IlPastSimpledescriveazioni,situazioniostatideterminatinelpassato.Puoessereaccompagnatodauncomplementocheindicauntempoc Ienjoyedthefilmwesawlastnight. Mièpiaciutoilfilmcheabbiamovistoierisera. WelistenedtosomenewCDsyesterdayafternoon. AbbiamoascoltatodeiCDnuoviieripomeriggio. IlPastSimpledescriveancheazioniabitualidelpassato.Intalcase,sitraduceconl’imperfetto. Everydaywegotupearlyandwenttothebeach. Ognigiornocialzavamoprestoeandavamoallaspiaggia. page 12 Esercizi 1 Completa ogni frase con il Past Simple del verbo tra parentesi a) Tom (look) …..................... out of the window. b) We (take) ….................... the bus from the airport to the city centre. c) Laura (read)........................ the book all afternoon. d) Kate (close) ….................... all the windows and doors. e) Sam (live) …................................ in a cottage in the country. f) An old friend (come) …............................... to see me yesterday. g) I (see) …............................. an interesting film last night. h) Sue (wait)............................. for her friends for more than an hour. i) Ruth (bring) …....................... her sister to my party. j) The bus (stop)............................ opposite the school. 2 A partire da ogni affermazione scrivi una domanda. a) Tim wrote a lot. (Tim) …........................................? b) Sam got up early. (Sam) ….........................................? c) Helen wanted to make a phone call. (Helen) …...........................................? d) Paul found the missing money. (Paul) …..........................................? e) Bill missed the bus. (Bill) …........................................? f) George ate a sandwich. (George) …...............................................? g) Jim opened the window. (Jim) …...........................................? h) Emma helped the teacher. (Emma) …..............................................? i) Alice won a prize. (Alice) …............….......................? j) Robert enjoyed the film. (Robert) …......................................? 3 Completa le frasi con il Past Simple di be o have. Usa le parole tra parentesi a) Lord Nelson …..................... a famous English admiral. page 13 b) What (you) ….................... for breakfast this morning? c) I (not)........................ many toys when I.............. a child. d) (you) ….................... at home yesterday evening? e) The party ….............. super. We.................. a lot of fun. f) Mother (not) …............................... very happy with my school report. g) Rod …............................. an accident yesterday. h) We ............................. in the park when it started to rain. i) There (not) …....................... many people at the conference. j) I liked that shirt, but I (not)............................ enough money to buy it. 4 Usa la forma negativa di ciascuno dei verbi elencati per scrivere una frase che abbia lo stesso significato della prima Close fit forget get up like miss pass a) David caught the train. ….......................................... b) Paula remembered her homework. ….......................................... c) The lesson continued. …............................................... d) John opened the door. …............................................... e) Jean failed the French exam. …............................................... f) Tim's new trousers were too big. …............................................... page 14 sit down stop win g) Terry stayed in bed. …............................................... h) Karen hated Chinese food. …............................................... i) Chris's team lost the match. …............................................... j) I stood up on the bus all the way home. …................................................... 5 Trova gli errori nelle forme verbali e scrivi le frasi corrette a) Where did you went last night? …............................................... b) I didn't knew the answer. …............................................... c) Sue maked a lot of noise. …............................................... d) I didn't liked my new teacher. …............................................... e) Took you your medicine? …............................................... f) Helen comed home late last night. …............................................... g) I didn't got up early this morning. …............................................... h) What did you saw at the cinema …...............................................? page 15 6 Compleata le frasi con il Past Simple dei verbi tra parentesi a) When (you, arrive) …..…........................... in this country? b) Jack (not turn on)….........….................... the television. c) Pat (leave) .................................... his coat in the hall. d) How many pages (you write)..........................? e) What (the teacher say) …................................ ? f) (you tell) ….................................... Tim the answer? g) (you go) ….................................... to the basketball match yesterday? h) Ann (not know).................................. the other girl's name. i) Which books (you take)…............................ to school? j) (Jane phone) ….............................. you last night? page 16 4 Holidays – The Past Simple in Use Key Expressions Last year/month/week Yesterday In + year/month I went to The summer holidays The beach The mountains A camping holiday Holiday house A group/family holiday I went by myself/with my It was… family/friends fantastic/terrible/hot/cold/exciting/boring Museums On the first day It rained/It was sunny/It was In the morning/afternoon/evening cloudy At night I had a I enjoyed it/myself great/good/average/terrible time! I hated it! For ____ day(s)/week(s)/month(s) Spend + time Read the example below and then describe your last holiday Giovanni: Last year in July I went to Paris. I went with my family to visit some museums and to visit my sister who lives there. On the first day it rained, but it didn’t matter because we visited the Louvre. It was enormous! We spent all day there, and in the evening we went to a restaurant in the city centre. I ate coq au vin, which is a typical French dish. I had a great time! Where did Giovanni go on holiday? Who did he go with? In line 2, what does ‘there’ refer to? What do you think dish means? Now describe your last holiday. Remember to keep your phrases short! Ask your partner where he/she went on his/her holiday using the questions below. Write their answers in the spaces provided: Where did you go? Who did you go with? How long did you go for? What did you do? Did you enjoy it? page 17 Read the follow extracts and decide which hotels they went to. Julian: Last year, I went to Spain to relax on the beach. I went by myself, but I met my friends who live there. The hotel was fantastic, it had a swimming pool and wifi in my room. The staff were really great and they spoke in English so I could understand them. Anna: In September I went on a group holiday to Morocco. The hotel was really cheap and full of young people. The hotel helped us book a hiking tour in the Atlas Mountains and gave us information about the city. We had a really great time. Emma: I remember my holiday. It was in 1998 and I went by myself to London. I wanted to practice my English and I wanted to stay in a cheap place where I could meet people. The hotel was really dirty, and the food was terrible. The weather was OK, but it was not hot like it is in Sicily. I had a terrible time! Joshua: In the summer holidays I went to Australia with my family for a month. The hotel was disappointing, the website said they had internet access but when we arrived it was broken. On the website, the hotel said the rooms were ‘spacious’ but when we got there they were tiny! In the end we changed our hotel and had a good time. 1. Do you want a cheap place to stay in the UK? Come to the Hotel Ritss in London where you don’t have to spend a lot of money to visit the city. We have lots of clients so you can meet new people. You can enjoy our traditional British cuisine and sleep in our tidy rooms. 2. At our four star residence on the beach you can enjoy free wifi in your bedroom and our beautiful swimming pool. All our staff speak English and can help you with anything – from hiking to biking! Give us a call! 3. Do you want a place near the beach where you can relax and surf the ‘net? Search for us on the internet – Oz Hotel, where you can sleep in our spacious and well‐designed rooms. 4. If you are a student, book a room in our Youth Hostel. Our staff will give you information about the city and can book your hiking tour in the nearby mountains. If you are on a group holiday, this is the perfect place for you! page 18 5 Auxiliaries (Verbi Ausiliari) In lingua inglese I verbi ausiliari hanno le seguenti proprietà. – Formano le frasi negative al presente e al passato senza l'aggiunta di don't, doesn't e didn't i.e. She isn't a bad person – Formano le frasi interrogative al presente e al passato senza l'aggiunta di do, does e did i.e. Are you ready? – I wasn't happy Can you swim? Were you there? Per formare il presente e il passato hanno generalmente delle forme proprie i.e. John is tall Mike had a dog when I was a child page 19 • La forma negativa si costruisce con do not e il verbo all'infinito senza to. Alla terza persona singolare si usa does not nello stesso modo. I do not work she does not work Io non lavoro lei non lavora Nel parlato e nei testi scritti informali si usano le forme contratte don't e doesn't. I don't work she doesn't work Quando si usa? • Realtà che sono sempre vere/ verità assolute The sun rises in the east Il sole sorge a est. • Azioni abituali Every day I wake up at 7.30 Ogni mattina mi alzo alle 7:30. page 21 IL PRESENTE (PRESENT SIMPLE) forma3interrogativa • LeCformeCinterrogativeCdelCPresentCSimpleCsiCcostruisconoCconCdo3seguitoCdalCsoggettoCe dalCverboCall'infinitoCsenzaCto.3AllaCterzaCpersonaCsiCusaCdoes3invece: Do you3work?3 Does he3work? • Forma3interrogativa3negativa: Don't you3work? Doesn't he3work? • SiCusaCdo/does ancheCnelleCdomandeCcheCinizianoCconCWhen,3What,3Why,3Where,3How etc...: What do you3want?3 Where does she3live? • Tuttavia,CseCWho/What etc..CfungonoCdaCsoggettoCnonCsiCusaCdo/does: Who lives here?3 Which of you speaks English? Quando usiamo il Present Simple? • PerCesprimereCazioniCabituali Every3day3I3get up at37:303AM. • PerCesprimereCunaCveritàCassoluta The3sun3rises in3the3east • PerCcomunicareCfattiCpersonali John3loves ice-cream. • ConCilCPresentCsimpleCsiCusanoCspessoCgliCavverbiCdiCfrequenza: page 22 always--> I always get up at 7:00. often--> Pat often goes to the cinema. usually --> It usually rains when I go on holiday! sometimes--> We sometimes eat pizza for lunch. rarely --> Jane rarely listens to jazz. never --> My bus never arrives on time. •Il verbo have, spesso seguito da got, corrisponde al verbo avere in italiano con accezione di possesso: Forma affermativa: I/you/we/they have (got) he/she/it has (got) Forma negativa: I/you/we/they haven't (got) he/she/it has't (got) Forma interrogativa: have I/you/we/they (got)? Has he/she/it (got)? •Secondo le regole del British English, come riportato quì sopra, essendo have un verbo ausiliare come be non necessita nella costruzione di negative e interrogative di do e does tuttavia nell'inglese americano il verbo have viene usato come un verbo qualunque e usa per tanto do e does nelle negative e nelle interrogative. *Nota Bene: il verbo have è ausiliare solo quando esprime possesso ! Esempio: I haven't a car --> possesso I don't usually have lunch --> uso particolare (fare colazione) Exercises Put the verbs into the correct form. page 23 1. I (to like) lemonade very much. 2. The girls always (to listen) to pop music. 3. Janet never (to wear) jeans. 4. Mr Smith (to teach) Spanish and French. 5. You (to do) your homework after school. Simple present with 'have' and 'be' Fill in the correct form of the verbs. 1. We (to have) a nice garden. 2. She (to be) six years old. 3. Simon (to have) 4. I (to be) two rabbits and five goldfish. from Vienna, Austria. 5. They (to be) Sandy's parents. Negative Sentences Make negative sentences. 1. My father makes breakfast. → 2. They are eleven. → 3. She writes a letter. → 4. I speak Italian. → 5. Danny phones his father on Sundays. → Questions Make questions. 1. you / to speak / English → 2. when / he / to go / home → 3. they / to clean / the bathroom → 4. where / she / to ride / her bike → 5. Billy / to work / in the supermarket → page 24 6 Daily Routines and Free Time Key Vocabulary Wake up/Get up Have Breakfast Have a shower/bath Go to work/university Have Lunch Go home Have dinner Go to bed/sleep at 0800 0830 0915 1020 1.35pm 2.40pm 6.45pm 10.50pm Eight o’clock Eight thirty Nine fifteen Twenty past ten Twenty‐five to two Twenty to three Quarter to Seven Ten to Eleven 1st Person Conjugation I wake up at __________ I have breakfast at _____________ I go to work/university at ___________ I have lunch at __________ I go home at ___________ I have dinner at ________ I go to bed/sleep at _________ 1. In pairs, ask each other about your daily routines. Write the answers on the next page. Forming a question What time do you get up? When do you have breakfast/lunch/dinner? When do you go home/to university/to bed/to sleep? 1 page 25 Follow the examples below, then try to write out your own phrases: (Example) _____Carmelo___________ gets up at _____0830__________ _________ has breakfast at _________ _________ goes to work at _________ 2. Listen to and read Maria’s routine. Then answer the questions below the text. Maria: “I normally wake up at eight o’clock. I have a shower then I have breakfast. I often eat a bowl of cereal and I usually drink a cup of coffee. Then, I go to work at thirty. I never have lunch before 1 o’clock in the afternoon, because I’m so busy at work. I go home at seven o’clock, and I have dinner at eight. I read a book then I go to bed at ten o’clock because I’m so tired.” What time does Maria wake up? What does she have for breakfast? Why does Maria never have lunch before 1 o’clock? What does Maria do before she goes to bed? How does Maria feel at the end of the day? 2 page 26 Stefano: I get up at 10.30 and normally have to run to catch the bus because I am always running late. I arrive at university at around 11 o’clock. I have a late lunch at 3 o’clock for a couple of hours. After lunch I go home to study. I have dinner and then get ready to go out. I meet my friends in the city centre until midnight when I go home and go straight to bed. Why does Stefano have to run to catch the bus? When does Stefano go home? Where does Stefano meet his friends? What does he do when he goes back home at night? 3 page 27 7 IL PRESENT Continuous ·Il Present continuous si forma con il presente di be seguito dal verbo in -ing. I am relaxing? he is relaxing? ·I verbi in -e perdono la -e quando si aggiunge -ing: like liking decide deciding write writing ·I verbi monosillabici che terminano con una consonante preceduta da una sola vocale raddoppiano la consonante quando si aggiunge -ing: sit sitting swim swimming dig digging ·I verbi in -ie cambiano -ie in -y. lie lying tie tying die dying Quando usiamo il Present Continuous? ·Per esprimere azioni che accadono al momento What are you doing? We are playing cards ·Per riferirsi a un'azione prossima nel futuro e già stabilita I am going to the beach tomorrow ·Con always quando ci si lamenta di azioni o situazioni ricorrenti e fastidiose You are always forgetting your keys! page 28 Esercizi 1 Completa le frasi con il Present Continuous dei verbi tra parentesi aDfSamfHdrinkDf…/////////////////////fsomefmilk/ bDfYoufHnotFflistenDf…////////////////////ftofmev cDfWhyfHyouFflookD////////////////////////fatfmeflikefthat? dDfMikefHnotFfstayDf…////////////////////fatfthisfhotel/ eDfYoufHsitDf…////////////////////////////////finfmyfplacev fDfWefHhaveDf…///////////////////////////////fafgoodftime/ gDfIfcan2tftalkfnow/fIfHwashDf…/////////////////////////////fmyfhair/ hDfWhofHtalkD/////////////////////////////? iDfWhatfHyouFwriteDf…///////////////////////? jDfItfHsnowD////////////////////////////fnow/ 2 Volgi le seguenti frasi alla forma interrogativa. aDfI2mfmakingftoofmuchfnoise/f…////////////////////////////////////////? bDfHelenfisfreading/f …/////////////////////////////////////////? cDfYoufarefhavingfafgoodftime/f …///////////////////////////////////////////? dDfItfisfsnowing/f …//////////////////////////////////////////? eDfYoufarefwaitingfinfthefrightfplace/f …////////////////////////////////////////? fDfYoufarefsittingfhere/f …///////////////////////////////////////////////? gDfDavidfisfenjoyingftheffilm/f …///////////////////////////////////////////? hDfThefbusfisfstopping/f …//////////////////////////////////////////////? iDfTomfandfJimfarefstudying/f …////////////…///////////////////////? jDfThosefgirlsfarefspeakingfFrench/f …//////////////////////////////////////? 3 Da ogni coppia scegli la parola scritta correttamente. aDfwriting/writtingf bDfhaving/haveingf page 29 cDfwasheing/washing d) diging/digging g) takeing/taking l) decideing/deciding e) lieing/lying f) riding/rideing h) readding/reading i) flying/flyeing m) useing/using n) waitting/waiting 4 Scegli la soluzione corretta. a) Jean is swimming/swiming in the ppol at the moment. b) Why you are/are you putting on your coat? c) Hurry up! We're/Wer'e waiting for you. d) Clare not is/is not doing her homework at the moment. e) What you are/are you reading? f) Look outside! Its/It's raining! g) Paula is studying/studing economics in Germany. h) Bob is watching/Is Bob watching television? i) I can't come now. I'm writting/writing a letter. j) Jack is'nt/isn't having a very good time. 5 Esprimi il futuro mettendo i verbi al Present Continuous a) What (you do) ….......................... this evening. b) I (not come) …........................... to school tomorrow! c) Tina (go).............................. to Italy next week? d) (you have) ….......................... a party this week? e) We (not go) ….................................... home on the bus after school. f) (Mrs Simpson teach) …............................... us today? g) Catherine and George (not arrive) ….................................. tomorrow. h) (Tom go)................................ to the football match tomorrow? i) Ann (not work) …............................. on Friday j) (you leave).................................. this afternoon? page 30 6 Compleata le frasi scegliendo tra i verbi elencati come have cook leave do meet get stay go work a) I've enjoyed my holiday here , but …..…........................... home tomorrow b) Mark ….........….................... a party on his birthday. c) Some friends .................................... to stay with me next week. d) …......................... anything tonight? Would you like to come to the cinema? e) What time …................................ in the morning? Do you want me to take you to the airport? f) Don't forget. You ….................................... dinner this evening. It's your turn! g) I can't see you at 4.30. I …................................ some friends at that time. h) Helen and Mike.................................. married in June. i) …............................ tomorrow? Or have you got a free day? j) I haven't got any lessons tomorrow, so I ….............................. at home. 7 Traduci in inglese a) Io esco, tu vieni? b) Il Milan gioca a Liverpool mercoledì prossimo. c) “Dov'è Philip?” “è in camera sua. Dorme” d) Ciao, Bill. Che fai qui? Aspetti qualcuno? e) Stanno costruendo una chiesa nuova. f) Cosa fate domani sera? g) Tim mangia continuamente caramelle. h) Il direttore è fuori. Sta pranzando con Mr. Swan. i) Lisa parte la settimana prossima. j) Piove. Non hai un ombrello? page 31 EDB ElementaryGroupWVL? 8.PresentSimple(“TheAbstractPresent”) Weuseittotalkabout: • Habitualactions • Emotionsorthoughts Keywords:Adverbsoffrequency • Always.normally.usually.often.sometimes.hardlyever.never • Once’twice’threetimesaday’week’month’year • Everyday.everyweek.everymonth.everyyear Structure: Affirmative:SubjectIbaseformofverb jIplay.youeat.he’she’itrunsetcN+ Negative:SubjectIdo’doesInotIbaseform jIdonot’don’teatfish.Hedoesnot’doesn’teatfishetcN+ Interrogative:QuestionwordIdo’doesIsubjectIbaseform jDoyouplayfootball?Doesshegotoschool?EtcN+ PresentContinuous(“TheConcretePresent”) Weuseittotalkabout: • Actionsthattakeplacewhilewearespeaking • Temporaryactions Keywords: • Atthemoment.now VerbsthatcannotbeformedinthePresentContinuous: • State:be.cost.mean.fit.suit • Possession:have.belong • Senses:feel.hear.touch.taste.see • Obligation:need • Feelings:hate.hope.like.love.prefer.regret.want.wish • Brainwork:believe.work.know.understand • Introductoryclausesfordirectspeech:answer.ask.reply.say ? page 32 EDB Elementary Group W3L1 Structure Affirmative: Subject + be + gerund (verb + ing) (I am playing, She is playing, We are playing etc.) Negative: Subject + be + not + gerund (I am not playing, he is not playing etc.) Interrogative: Be + subject + gerund (Am I playing? Are they playing?) Exercises Present Perfect versus Present Continuous 1. Circle the correct form of the verbs A) Do you usually cycle / Are you usually cycling to school? B) I need / am needing some cash to buy some new clothes C) She hopes / is hoping she does well in this test D) On Thursday, we often are going/go to the cinema E) Maria is wanting/wants to improve her English F) How often are you playing/do you play football? G) How much does it cost/is it costing? H) What do you do/are you doing at the moment? J) She is wanting/wants to live abroad K) “I am not doing/don’t do anything at the moment”, he says/is saying L) I am not knowing/do not know the answer to this question M) Sometimes, they eat/are eating dinner together N) Do you/are you believing in God? O) He normally is not reading/does not read that many books 2 page 33 EDB Elementary Group W3L1 2. Complete the sentences. Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or present continuous form. A) We ________________________ (prefer) to travel by plane than by car B) ________________________ (Do) he normally act like that? C) I can’t talk right now, I ________________________ (do) my homework D) What ________________________ (be) are you doing at the moment? E) “What time is it?” she ________________________ (ask) “It’s four o’clock” he ‐ ________________________(reply) F) I’m sorry, I can’t call you, I ________________________ (drive) at the moment G) “How often ________________________ (you, go) out clubbing?” H) ________________________ (it, rain) at the moment? I) I ________________________ (go) skiing twice a year, in the winter J) She ________________________ (like, not) eating meat, she’s a vegetarian K) ________________________ (You, be) working at the moment? L) ________________________ (You, be) busy? M) ________________________ (They, be) going clubbing tonight, they have to study. O) ________________________ often ________________________ (She, go) to University by foot. 3 page 34 9 GliArticoli ·Nomisenzaarticolo Disolito,igruppinominalicheindicanocategoriegeneralinonsonoprecedutidall'articolo the. • Nomiplurali Dogsarenotallowedinthisshop Icaninonpossonoentrareinquestonegozio Ilikewildflowers Mipiaccionoifioriselvatici *Confronta TheDogsnextdoorbarkallnight Icanidelvicinoabbaianotuttalanotte • Nonnumerabili Milk isgoodforyou. Illattefabene Ilikestillmineralwater Mipiacel'acquanaturaleminerale *Confronta Themilkonthetopshelfisfat-free. Illattesulripianoinaltoèsenzagrassi Questogruppocomprendetral'altro -Ideeastratte War isaterriblething -Alimenti Ilovechocolate.Idon'tlikeorangejuice. page 35 - Lingue Spanish is spoken by about 300 million people. -Materiali This chair is made of plastic and leather. - Verbi sostantivati • Learning a foreign language is not a child's play. Luoghi ed edifici per I quali si intende la funzione che svolgono. Jim is in prison Jim è in prigione *Confronta My company is repairing the prison La mia ditta sta riparando la prigione Ecco alcuni dei casi più frequenti: be in/go to hospital, prison, bed, class, court, work, school, church, university, sea be at home, go home • Nazioni, stati e città. Mary comes from France. Mary viene dalla Francia. Great Britain is a big island. La Gran Bretagna è una grande isola. N.B. Le nazioni che hanno un nome plurale o che comprendono più paesi sono precedute da the the Netherlands • the Philippines the United Kingdom the USA Vie e strade. I bought this dress from a shop in Bond Street. Ho comprato questo abito in un negozio di Bond Street. N.B. Si usa the solo difronte a High Street (La strada principale di una città) page 36 • I nomi di persona anche preceduti da titoli. Carol Mr Parker Lady Coventry N.B. Si usa the solo con of: The minister of Communications • I nomi dei pasti in generale Dinner is at 7.30 La cena è alle 7:30 Ma: At the end of the conference there was a dinner. Alla fine del convegno ci fu una cena The dinner they serve here is really fantastic La cena che servono quì è veramente eccellente. • Nomi geografici We visited Lake Vittoria. It's in East Africa. Abbiamo visitato il lago Vittoria. È nell'Africa orientale • Mezzi di trasporto in generale We went there by bus/ by car/ by train. Ci siamo andati in autobus/auto/ treno. N.B. Ricordati che andare a piedi si dice: to go on foot • L'articolo indeterminativo a/an L'articolo indeterminativo a/an si riferisce a un solo elemento, oppure a qualcosa di indefinito, non specificato. page 37 I've got a brother and a sister Ho un fratello e una sorella Tim works in a factory Tim lavora in una fabrica • Nelle descrizioni o definizioni generali si può usare a/an, oppure il plurale senza articolo. An ocelot is a wild animal, similar to a leopard. L'ocelot è un animale selvatico, simile al leopardo Ocelots are wild animals, similar to leopards. Gli ocelot sono animali selvatici, simili ai leopardi. • Si usa a/an davanti ai nomi che indicano la professione o il carattere di qualcuno.. Peter is a fool! Peter è uno sciocco! Mary is an engineer. Mary è ingegnere. page 38 Esercizi 1 Scegli la soluzione corretta: articolo o niente articolo a) Do you like an/---- orange juice?. b) Tom has got a/--- new leather coat. c) Kate teaches at a/--- in Leeds. d) Have you ever been to the/--- Italy? e) The/--- Chinese is a very difficult language. f) The/--- love is a wonderful thing! g) I'm tired. It's time to go to the/--- bed. h) Could you pass the/--- sugar, please? i) Harry comes from the/--- United States of America. j) We went to Scotland by a/--- car. 2 Inserisci a/an o the, oppure lascia uno spazio vuoto dove non va l'articolo. a) Where's. …..............milk? I thought you bought some. b) ….............. students must not leave the bags here. c) Paul went to.…..............................prison for stealing two cars. d) Is this chair made of…......................wood? e) It's much quicker on......................foot. f) I wander what life was like in….............................Ancient Rome. g) A large crowd welcomed …...........................................? h) The bus is stopping. …................................President of the USA. i) Do you want…............…...sugar in your tea? j) There has been a fire at…..................prison. page 39 3 Elimina l'articolo dove non necessario. a) The English usually eat the lunch at about one o'clock. b) In the morning I usually drink milk. c) The teacher who taught us today speaks the English very well. d) Karen went to the USA by the plane. e) If we miss the last train we can take the bus. f) The table in the bedroom is made of the glass. g) The chocolate is on the top shelf in the cupboard. h) The parking is not allowed outside the school. i) The builders are still painting the school. j) The most important thing in life is the happiness. 4 Traduci in inglese a) Ti piacciono I bambini? b) “Dove sono I bambini?” “A scuola.” c) L'inglese è molto diverso dall'italiano. d) I cani e I cavalli sono molto intelligenti. e) “Che cos'è quel vecchio edificio?” “L'università” f) Non puoi comprare l'amore o l'amicizia. g) La prima colazione è un pasto importante in Gran Bretagna. h) Mia madre fa l'infermiera, lavora in ospedale. i) Hai mai visitato il castello di Windsor? page 40 Prepositions of Place: at, in, on In general, we use: • at for a POINT • in for an ENCLOSED SPACE • on for a SURFACE at in on POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE at the corner in the garden on the wall at the bus stop in London on the ceiling at the door in France on the door at the top of the page in a box on the cover at the end of the road in my pocket on the floor at the entrance in my wallet on the carpet at the crossroads in a building on the menu at the front desk in a car on a page Look at these examples: • Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. • The shop is at the end of the street. • My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late. • When will you arrive at the office? • Do you work in an office? • I have a meeting in New York. • Do you live in Japan? • Jupiter is in the Solar System. • The author's name is on the cover of the book. • There are no prices on this menu. • You are standing on my foot. • There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. page 41 • I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions: at in on at home in a car on a bus at work in a taxi on a train at school in a helicopter on a plane at university in a boat on a ship at college in a lift (elevator) on a bicycle, on a motorbike at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an elephant at the bottom in the sky on the radio, on television at the side in a row on the left, on the right at reception in Oxford Street on the way page 42 Elementary Group EDB Futures 10 The Futures Will • Predictions It will rain tomorrow Barcelona will win the Champion’s League • Facts about the Future The airport will be the biggest in Europe • Offers and Requests I’ll take you to the train station later if you want Will you help me with my English homework? (Note: 1st Person Singular and Plural use ‘Shall’: Shall I help you with your homework? Shall we take you to the airport?) Be going to • Intentions This week I’m going to do a lot of English homework For dinner tonight I’m going to have some chicken • Facts about the Future The airport is going to be the biggest in Europe Present Simple for the future • Timetables The train leaves at 6 o’clock this evening Present Continuous for the future • Arrangements I’m meeting my boss for lunch tomorrow page 43 Elementary Group EDB Futures Exercises The ‘Will’ Future; Match the right solution with the problem: 1. I’ve lost my wallet a) I’ll close the window. 2. I’m freezing b) I’ll help you find it. 3. I’m sad c) I’ll open a window. 4. I’ve got a headache d) I’ll make you a sandwich. 5. I’m thirsty e) I’ll lend you some money. 6. My bags are very heavy. f) I’ll get you an aspirin. 7. I’m hungry g) I’ll make you some coffee. 8. I’m very hot h) I’ll get you a drink. 9. I’m poor. i) I’ll cheer you up. 10. I’m really tired. j) I’ll help you. • Write (be going to) + the correct verb in the blanks below: sell – ride – buy – start – watch – rain – walk – cook – see – study 1‐ John doesn't like driving so he ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ bike to work. 2‐ Helen sold her house and now she ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ another one. 3‐ Would you like to buy my books? I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ them tomorrow. 4‐ George has an exam next week. He ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ every day until the exam. 5‐ I'm hungry. I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ cooking dinner soon. 6‐ The clouds are black. It ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐. 7‐ That's a good movie. I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ it tomorrow. 8‐ I'm not going out tonight. I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐TV. 9‐ Can we have lunch now? Yes, I ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ it in a minute. 10‐ Our car is at the mechanics. We ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ to the party tonight. Present Simple for the Future: Fill in the gaps using the correct form of the verbs in brackets page 44 Elementary Group EDB Futures 1. The train ______ at eight o’clock tomorrow morning(LEAVE) 2. The film _______ at nine o’clock this evening (START) 3. What time ______ the match start on Saturday? (DO) 4. When _____ the flight from Munich get in? (DO) 5. Tomorrow ____ Wednesday (BE) Present Continuous for the Future: A friend of yours is planning to go on holiday soon. You ask about her plans. Use the words in brackets to make your questions. 1. (Where/go?) Scotland 2. (How long/go for?) Ten days 3. (When/leave?) Next Friday 4. (Go / alone?) No, with a friend 5. (Travel/by car?) No, by train 6. (Where/stay?) In a hotel. Mixed Exercises Put the verbs in brackets into the right tense: future simple (shall/will), be going to, present simple or present continuous 1. Will: What time ............................................. (your evening class/finish)? Liz: Half past nine. Will: ............................................ (I/come) and collect you? Liz: Thanks, but I ........................ (meet) my sister for a drink. 2. Sandy and Alison are students who have been sharing a flat. Sandy is leaving to do a course abroad. Sandy: It’s hard to say goodbye after so long. Alison. We must keep in touch. ................................................ (you/remember) to send me your address when you .................................... (get) to the States? Sandy: Of course. I ................................................. (probably/not/have) time next week, because my course ............................... (start) the day after I ............................... (arrive), and I ............................. (spend) the weekend with some old friends of my father’s. Alison: Well, you can phone. Sandy: Yes, I guess so. Do you know what you .................................... (do) this time next Sunday? Alison: I ............................................. (get) ready to go to London. Sandy: OK. I ................................... (phone) about three o’clock next Sunday. page 45 Elementary Group EDB Futures Alison: Great. I ................................. (wait) for your call. 3. Ann: .................................. (you two/go) out? Bill: Yes, why? Ann: It’s just said on the radio that it .............................. (snow). Bill: Oh, has it? I ................................. (take) my big coat then. Joe: Good idea. So .............. I. 4. Mike: Mum, ............................................ (you/talk) to Dad for me? Mum: What’s the problem? Mike: Last week he said I could use the car at the weekend but now he ............................. (not/let) me after all. I need it to get to the match I .............................. (play) on Sunday. Mum: OK. I ............................... (try) to make him change his mind. I expect he ............................(agree) when I explain. 1. Tomorrow they.................................... (drive) to New York. 2. I hope the weather............................................. (be) nice. 3. I offered him this job. I think he......................................... (take) it. 4. I promise I...................................... (not tell) anyone this secret. 5. Take your umbrella with you. It.............................................. (rain). 6. What are they........................................ (do) this evening? 7. I...................................... (go) to the cinema tomorrow. 8. They............................................. (fly) to Seattle next summer holidays. 9. I........................... (invite) 50 people to the party and I hope everyone ............................ (come). 10. That exercise looks difficult. I............................... (help) you. 11. ......................he......................... (go) to the football match? 12. Are you sure they........................................ (win) the match? 13. She probably..................................... (stay) until Thursday. 14. He......................................... (not leave) tomorrow. 15. We think he........................................ (come) late in the night. page 46 11 IL FUTURO (FUTURE) • Forme: Will e Shall Questa struttura si costruisce con will seguito dal verbo all'infinito senza to. Forma affermativa: Jane will leave. Forma interrogativa: Will Jane leave? Forma negativa: Jane will not leave. Shall utilizza la stessa costruzione. Be going to Il futuro con be going to si costruisce con le voci di be + going + il verbo all'infinito. Jeane is going to learn to drive Jean ha intenzione di imparare a guidare Tim and Ann are going to travel abroad next year. Tim e Ann faranno dei viaggi all'estero il prossimo anno. Le forme negative e interrogative si applicano alle voci di be. Are you going to study? I am not going to study. Present Continuous (con significato di futuro) Il futuro con il Present Continuous si costruisce con le voci di be + il gerundio (forma in -ing) del verbo in questione. Are you doing anything on Friday evening? Fai qualcosa venerdì sera? page 47 Uso del Futuro: Bewgoingwto-->esprimewintenzionewowunwfattowimminente-->wIwamwgoignwtowlearnwtowdrivew– BewcarefulywWewarewgoingwtowcrashy PWillw/wshallw→wprevisione,wrichiesta,wofferta,wvolontà,weventowprogrammatowdistantewnel futuro-->wwillwyouwhelpwme?w-wIwthinkwitwwillwrainwtomorrow-wIwwonStwletwyouwgow–wTheywwill movewtowItalywnextwyear • PShallw–>wvienewusatowawvoltewconwlawprimawpersonewpluralewewsingolarewchiedendo cosawsiwdevewfarewowproponendowqualcosaw→wShallwIwcomewwithwyou? • PWillw→wsiwusawsemprewconwdefinitely,wprobably,wperhaps,wowintrodottowdawIwthink,wI amwsure,wIwexpect Presentwcontinuous-->wazionewprogrammatawowinwaccordowrelativamentewvicinawnelwtempo. →wIwamwworkingwtonightw–wIwamwmeetingwherwparentswtomorrow page 48 Esercizi 1 Riscrivi le frasi inserendo le parole indicate tra parentesi. a) I'll see you this evening. (perhaps) …........................................................ b) You'll enjoy the play. (probably) …........................................................ c) Kate won't mind. (definitely) …........................................................ d) Our teacher won't notice. (perhaps) …........................................................ e) I won't be here tomorrow. (definitely) …........................................................ f) It'll rain later. (probably) …........................................................ g) The train won't arrive on time. (definitely) …........................................................ h) There won't be any lessons today. (perhaps) …........................................................ 2 Riscrivi le frasi inserendo le espressioni indicate tra parentesi. a) It'll be cold tomorrow. (I'm sure) …........................................................ b) We'll win. (I expect) …........................................................ c) I'll leave now (I think) …........................................................ d) Jim won't be late. (I'm sure) …........................................................ e) It won't take long. (I expect) …........................................................ page 49 f) You won't have any problems. (I think) …........................................................ g) You'll enjoy the party. (I'm sure) …........................................................ h) They won't decide anything yet. (I think) …........................................................ i) The weather won't change. (I expect) …........................................................ j) The new rules won't make any difference. (I think) …........................................................ 3 Riformula le frasi utilizzando le forme adatte di be going to a) Joe plans to buy a new computer. …........................................................ b) We don't plan to play tennis this weekend. …........................................................ c) Does Nick plan to join the sports club? …........................................................ d) What are your plans for next summer? …........................................................ e) Look! That tree is about to fall over! …........................................................ f) Do you plan to work hard this year? …........................................................ g) The forecast for tomorrow is rain. …........................................................ h) Do Mike and Pat plan to make some sandwiches for the party? …........................................................ i) I think it's about to snow …........................................................ j) I don't plan to have a birthday party this year. page 50 …........................................................ 4 Compleata le frasi scegliendo tra i verbi elencati come go have work cook do leave meet get stay a) I've enjoyed my holiday here , but …..…........................... home tomorrow b) Mark ….........….................... a party on his birthday. c) Some friends .................................... to stay with me next week. d) …......................... anything tonight? Would you like to come to the cinema? e) What time …................................ in the morning? Do you want me to take you to the airport? f) Don't forget. You ….................................... dinner this evening. It's your turn! g) I can't see you at 4.30. I …................................ some friends at that time. h) Helen and Mike.................................. married in June. i) …............................ tomorrow? Or have you got a free day? j) I haven't got any lessons tomorrow, so I ….............................. at home. 5 Scegli la risposta o le risposte più adatte (tra A,B,C) a) Are you busy on Saturday evening? A I'm going to the cinema B I'll go to the cinema C I'm going to go to the cinema b) I need some help with the shopping A All right, I'm helping you B All right, I'll help you C All right, I'm going to help you c) We've got some great news for you page 51 A We're getting married B We're going to get married C We'll get married d) Don't worry about the exam A I'm sure you're passing. B I'm sure you're going to pass. C I'm sure you'll pass. e) Pat has bought her ticket A She's leaving on Tuesday. B She's going to leave on Tuesday. C She'll leave on Tuesday. e) I have to leave early this afternoon A I'm going to the dentist's. B I'm going to go to the dentist's C I'll go to the dentist's. 6 Scegli l'espressione più adatta a) “Do you have any plans for your birthday?” “Yes, …........... a party.” 1) I'll have 2) I'm having b) “I need some help with the shop tomorrow” “Don't worry, …............” 1) I'll help 2) I'm helping c) What …..................... when you grow up and leave school? 1) will you do 2) are you going to do d) “Are you coming to the football match on Saturday?” “Which teams …............?” 1) are playing 2) are going to play e) Don't carry all those heavy books. Some of the children …............ you. 1) will help 2) are going to help f) The doctor is on his way. He..…............ in 15 minutes. 1) will be here 2) is being e) I've got some good news. Ann ….................. a baby. 1) will have 2) is going to have page 52 g) I'm sorry I can't come to the lesson tomorrow. …..........…............ my grandmother in hospital. 1) I'll visit 2) I'm visiting page 53 12 Daily Routines and Free Time Key Vocabulary Wake up/Get up Have Breakfast Have a shower/bath Go to work/university Have Lunch Go home Have dinner Go to bed/sleep at 0800 0830 0915 1020 1.35pm 2.40pm 6.45pm 10.50pm Eight o’clock Eight thirty Nine fifteen Twenty past ten Twenty‐five to two Twenty to three Quarter to Seven Ten to Eleven 1st Person Conjugation I wake up at __________ I have breakfast at _____________ I go to work/university at ___________ I have lunch at __________ I go home at ___________ I have dinner at ________ I go to bed/sleep at _________ 1. In pairs, ask each other about your daily routines. Write the answers on the next page. Forming a question What time do you get up? When do you have breakfast/lunch/dinner? When do you go home/to university/to bed/to sleep? 1 page 54 Follow the examples below, then try to write out your own phrases: (Example) _____Carmelo___________ gets up at _____0830__________ _________ has breakfast at _________ _________ goes to work at _________ 2. Listen to and read Maria’s routine. Then answer the questions below the text. Maria: “I normally wake up at eight o’clock. I have a shower then I have breakfast. I often eat a bowl of cereal and I usually drink a cup of coffee. Then, I go to work at thirty. I never have lunch before 1 o’clock in the afternoon, because I’m so busy at work. I go home at seven o’clock, and I have dinner at eight. I read a book then I go to bed at ten o’clock because I’m so tired.” What time does Maria wake up? What does she have for breakfast? Why does Maria never have lunch before 1 o’clock? What does Maria do before she goes to bed? How does Maria feel at the end of the day? 2 page 55 Stefano: I get up at 10.30 and normally have to run to catch the bus because I am always running late. I arrive at university at around 11 o’clock. I have a late lunch at 3 o’clock for a couple of hours. After lunch I go home to study. I have dinner and then get ready to go out. I meet my friends in the city centre until midnight when I go home and go straight to bed. Why does Stefano have to run to catch the bus? When does Stefano go home? Where does Stefano meet his friends? What does he do when he goes back home at night? 3 page 56 15 Prepositions of Time: at, in, on We use: • at for a PRECISE TIME • in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS • on for DAYS and DATES at in on PRECISE TIME MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS DAYS and DATES at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays at noon in the summer on 6 March at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010 at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve Look at these examples: • • • • • • • • • I have a meeting at 9am. The shop closes at midnight. Jane went home at lunchtime. In England, it often snows in December. Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future? There should be a lot of progress in the next century. Do you work on Mondays? Her birthday is on 20 November. Where will you be on New Year's Day? Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions: Expression Example at night The stars shine at night. at the weekend* I don't usually work at the weekend. at I stay with my family at Christmas. page 57 Christmas*/Easter at the same time We finished the test at the same time. at present He's not home at present. Try later. Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions: in on in the morning on Tuesday morning in the mornings on Saturday mornings in the afternoon(s) on Sunday afternoons in the evening(s) on Monday evening When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on. • • • • I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening) page 58 17 IL PRESENT PERFECT ·Il)Present)Simple)si)costruisce)con)il)presente)dell'ausiliare)have)seguito)dal)participio passato)del)verbo.)La)forma)regolare)del)participio)passato)è)identica)a)quella)del)past simple)regolare)(-ed): ·Forma)affermativa I1have1decided1to1leave1tomorrow ·Forma1interrogativa: Have1you1decided? ·Forma1negativa: I1have1not1decided1/1haven't1decided. ·La)forma)irregolare)è)la)terza)voce)del)paradigma)dei)verbi)irregolare ·write) wrote) written Have1you1written1the1letter1yet? ·Fai)attenzione)l'ausiliare)è)sempre have/has e)non are/am/is.)Si)dice: · The1bus1hasn't1arrived1yet e)non The1bus1isn't1arrived1yet Quando usiamo il Present Perfect? ·Quando)ci)riferiamo)ad)azioni)che)sono)cominciate)nel)passato)e)che)continuano)nel presente: I1have1lived1here1for1101years. page 59 I've often seen Jim with his dog in the park. ·Quando un'azione o situazione passata è senza riferimenti a un tempo determinato: Helen has broken her pencil. ·Per riferirsi a un'azione appena conclusa I have just finished eating ·Per parlare di esperienze: Have you been to Spain? I have been to Barcelona. Have you seen that movie? ·Il Present Perfect si usa con i seguenti avverbi: yet--> I haven't seen it yet just--> I have just done it. never --> Pat has never been to Italy. ever--> Have you ever played tennis? already--> I have already written the letter. So far --> How many pages have you written so far? ·Il Present Perfect si usa spesso con i seguenti avverbi: · often--> I have always loved you ·always--> I have often visited Spain. ·Il present perfect può spesso essere confuso con il past simple perchè entrambi si traducono spesso con il passato prossimo in italiano Have you seen the film Armageddon? Hai visto il film Armageddon? page 60 Did you see the film last night? Hai visto il film ieri sera? ·Di solito si usa il Past Simple quando ci si riferisce a un tempo completamente trascorso (when, what time, yesterday, last week, two days ago, etc..) · When did you arrive in Prague? I arrived here in September two years ago. Si usa il past simple anche nei racconti e per parlare di fatti storici o remoti (passato remoto italiano): There was someone in the corridor. Inspector Davis moved quietly towards the door, switched off the light and listened. · Exercises 1 Scegli la soluzione corretta. 1. Tim hasn't finish/ hasn't finished his homework yet. 2. What has David decided/ have David decided to do? 3. You have seen/have you seen the new film about Napoleon? 4. I haven't been/ haven't be very well lately. 5. Have you ate yet/ have you eaten yet? 6. Helen have done/ has done a lot of work today. 7. Has there been / has there be any phone-calls for me? 8. The lights have gone/ have go out. What has happen/ has happened? page 61 2 Completa le frasi con la forma del present perfect dei verbi tra parentesi 1. What's the matter? (You cut) yourself? 2. The ship (not sink) , but it's in a dangerous condition. 3. (Your sisters write) to you yet? 4. I (have) a headache ever since lunchtime. 5. Nadia (never see) 6. Someone (steal) any Chinese films. Mr Grant's bike 7. My brothers are tired because they (not sleep) 8. I am afraid we (just break) 9. David (not win) 10.(you ever eat) all night. your window. Sorry! a prize this time, I'm afraid. Spanish food? It's great! 3 Completa la seconda frase con il present perfect del verbo indicato mantenendo il significato della prima. 1. Do you have any more homework to do? (do) Have ….................................your homework? 2. Brian isn't here. (leave) Brian...................................................... 3. Sue goes to a different school now. (change) Sue................................................... school. 4. Martin isn't a child any more. (grow up) Martin................................................... 5. I'm writing my third letter at the moment. (already write) I............................................................... two letters. 6. This is not my first visit here. (be) I................................................... before. 7. Is your dog still missing? (find) Have................................................. ….. yet? 8. Bill is still reading my book. (finish) Bill....................................................... yet. 9. I have never seen Stonehenge before. (see) This is the first time I.................................. Stonehenge. 10. Jane isn't at home at the moment. (go out) Jane.......................................................................... 4 Completa le frasi con le espressioni di tempo elencate. page 62 Yet never since (2) often ever never already so far just always 1. Carlos has lived in the city centre …............ 1996. 2. Thanks for the present! I've …............ wanted a pet goldfish.! 3. Have you............. drunk pineapple juice? It's fantastic! 4. I've........... heard some fantastic news! I've passed my exams! 5. Harry up! Haven't you finished.............? You are a slow-coach! 6. This is my first pet frog. I've …........... had one before 7. I've........... been on a big ship before. It's an interesting experience 8. We're very busy today …............... we've sold over a hundred bikes. 9. I've.................. passed this building, but this is the first time I've been inside. 10. Can I have a different book? I've................. read this one. 5 Metti i verbi al Past Simple o al Present Perfect. 1. Where (you go).................... for your holidays last year? 2. I can't play any more. I (just hurt)....................... my foot. 3. Jane is a famous writer, and (write) ….............................. over fifty books. 4. Sorry, I( not finish)........................... my letters yet. 5. I (miss)............................. the end of the film last night. What (happen).....................? 6. I (lose)............................. my keys on Monday but I (find).................... them on Tuesday. 7. We had a great party last week. Who (you, invite).................................? 8. Where (you, meet).................................. Sam? At the sports centre? 9. Juventus (not play).................................. very well last Sunday. 10. (you, see).......................................... my ruler? It was here a moment ago. 11. Tina isn' t here. She (just go).................................... to school. 12. What time (you get up).......................................... this morning? 13. Paul (have)................................................. a bad car accident three years ago. 14. I ( live)..................................................... in the same house since 1990. 15. What (you do)........................................ last night? 16. Brian (not finish)......................................... his work yet. 17. Tina (arrive).............................................. here in 1998. 18. (you see) …................................................... “Hidden Danger”? It' s a really interesting film. 19. Oh no! I (forget).............................................. my keys! 20. When ( Mary leave)........................................................? page 63 EDB Elementary Group 18 Prepositions of Time Article 1: Prepositions of time: Since/For For + “period” A period is a duration of time, for example: 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. For means "from the beginning of the period until the end of the period." For can be used with all tenses. Since + point A point is a precise moment in time, for example: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday. Since means "from a point in the past until now." Since is normally used with perfect tenses. FOR SINCE for 20 minutes since 9am for three days since Monday for 6 months since January for 4 years since 1997 for 2 centuries since 1500 for a long time since I left school for ever since the beginning of time Exercises 1. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition A) I have been at this company ____________________ 20 years now, I really love it here B) ____________________ how long have you lived there? C) The University has been delivering excellence ____________________ it was founded in 1901. D) ____________________ I left work, I have had more time to spend with my family. E) ____________________ three days James did not leave the house F) My grandparents walk ____________________ twenty minutes every day. G) We have been dating ____________________ a long time 1 page 64 EDB Elementary Group H) My teacher has been sick ____________________ last Monday I) I studied for the test ____________________ two whole weeks J) Where have you been? I have been calling you ____________________ half an hour K) That lady has been waiting for the bus ____________________ noon. L) ____________________ she left college, she has been working at the local restaurant M) My family has lived here ____________________ last March N) Next year, I’m going to travelling ____________________ six months O) I’m really tired, I’ve been awake ____________________ 5 o’clock this morning 2. Solo Work Write 5 phrases using ‘Since’, and 5 phrases using ‘For’. Article 2: Prepositions of Time: In, On, At In On Years Days of the Week Months Special Days Seasons Dates Parts of the Day* (*Exception: At night) Exercises 1. Write the correct preposition in the gap below: 1. I saw her _____ Christmas 2. I go shopping ____ Monday 3. The leaves fall from the trees ___ autumn 2 page 65 At Time Night The Weekend Special Occasions EDB Elementary Group 4. The train leaves___ a quarter past three 5. What do you normally do___ Christmas day? 6. He was born ___ 3rd July, 1977 7. ___ 2006, Italy won the World Cup 8. I get up early ___ the morning to go to work 9. ___ Sunday, we always go to Church 10. She often goes out ___ night 11. It happened ___ 2001 12. She often goes out ___ Friday night 13. In the UK, it rains a lot ___ Spring 14. I get up ___ 7am 15. The class is ___ Tuesdays and Thursdays 2. Now write your own sentences. Try to incorporate as many time prepositions as you can: Article 3: Prepositions of Time: During/While During During is used: To say when something has happened, although it does not specify for how long. Before a noun or a phrase While While is used: 3 page 66 EDB Elementary Group Before a subject and verb To describe two actions that are happening at the same time Exercises Complete the phrases below: 1. I was cooking dinner_____ Giorgio was talking on the phone 2. The children were asleep _____ the film 3. _____ the Second World War, many people were killed 4. _____ I was walking through the forest, I heard a noise 5. I am busy _____ the morning, but I will try to call you in the afternoon 6. _____ she was getting ready for bed, Giulia realized that she had left the light on 7. Nobody spoke _____ the presentation 8. He fell asleep _____ the meeting 9. Somebody stole my bag _____ I was listening to my music 10. The dog was barking _____ I was trying to watch TV 11. Please don’t smoke _____ I’m eating 12. Bats sleep _____the day 13. He kept trying to talk to me _____ I was reading. 14. We get plenty of snow here _____ the winter 4 page 67 • Reading Material Passage 1 Hundreds of superficial pop stars have been satisfied with fame and fortune but material success was never going to satisfy John Lennon. Part of John’s unworldly philosophy was, ironically, voiced on his penultimate album ‘Double Fantasy’, when he sang: ‘Life is what happens to you when you’re busy making other plans’. In John Lennon’s case, death happened – while he was making other plans to live. John Lennon wrote the above words for ‘Beautiful Boy’, a song to his son Sean, fifteen years after talking in an interview about his boredom with life as a Beatle, when he’d gained weight, gained money, but somehow lost himself. Within a year of that interview, John’s life changed dramatically when he met Yoko Ono. As husband and wife, and artists who were both competitive and compatible, they began a journey unheard of for a pop star. Eventually they captivated millions. At first disliked, rather unfairly, as “the woman who broke up The Beatles”, taking cuddly John from the world, Yoko Ono, with John’s help, was eventually accepted by even the fiercest critics. And few will forget their musical message of peace and love, one that everybody understood, but few articulated so well. In a life that touched millions with its honesty and style, John Lennon was the victim of many myths. Chief among these was that he was an uncaring rock ‘n’ roller with little compassion. The reverse is true, as his music always demonstrated. As one critic put it, “Although John Lennon died at forty, his music may well live for ever.” Passage 2 An eight-year-old British boy will become one of the UK's youngest ever undergraduates when he begins a degree course in astronomy at Raglan University. In his first year he will complete a standard introductory course. Once he has finished that, the next five years will be spent at home studying the same course work as his adult contemporaries who are instead obliged to follow lectures and go to seminars. The only time he is likely to meet his fellow students will be during exams. On the surface, Ian Thomas is like any other normal eight-year-old. Of course, he reads a lot for his age but he also plays children's games outdoors with his five-year-old brother, Robert. His favourite toy, however, is a telescope given to him by his grandmother on his sixth birthday. The Thomases live in a remote farmhouse in North Wales. The nearest shop is a 15-minute drive away and their closest neighbour lives 10 miles down the road. They have no TV so there is plenty of time to read and learn. Rosalind Thomas, Ian’s 37-year-old mother, used to be a secondary school teacher and has taught both boys at home since they were first able to talk. She said that Ian is one of the most enthusiastic students she has ever known. "He's always asking me for more lessons, even on Sundays when I sometimes want to take a day off.” Ian’s reply to that was quite clear. "I just love lessons," he said. "And when mum says that is enough for the day, I complain that there's time for just a bit more." page 68 Passage 3 Set up in the USA in the thirties, ‘InterHome’, the first home exchange programme, was brought to Europe around 30 years ago. Thousands of satisfied members have now tried this unique travel concept - one exchange at a time. Swapping homes makes perfect financial sense because it cuts out hotel expenses - suddenly any destination is affordable! What’s more, you are guaranteed a fascinating cultural experience. What better way to improve your language skills as you shop in local markets, chat with the neighbours and completely immerse yourself and your family in another culture's lifestyle?Home exchanges mean being “at home” while on holiday - families take good care of each other’s property and keep the house clean and tidy, which means taking out the rubbish, hoovering and dusting as well as other household chores. They at times have other responsibilities such as feeding pets or watering plants. When you decide on an exchange, you will at first get to know your partners through correspondence and telephone calls. This is important to ensure that you know you will be staying in the home of people you know - and they will be staying in yours. ‘InterHome’ has a database of thousands of home exchange offers from families like yours in most European countries. Our members enjoy the most up-to-date value-for-money home exchange service there is. Our flexible and user-friendly system is designed to help you find and select the perfect exchange partner. And to make sure those of you with limited access to the Internet don’t miss out, we publish two full colour catalogues per year. Our representatives live in your country, operate in your language and customize our services to your culture. They are there to answer your questions personally (by email or by phone/fax). When you make contact with your national organizer, you make contact with someone who lives in your country and speaks your language. Call now for an appointment (click on ‘contact us’ at the bottom of this page) or fill in our online form to request further details. Passage 4 According to a survey recently carried out by British company Telewest Broadband, ‘The art of conversation is dead but the art of chatting is becoming extremely popular, with a great many Britons admitting that they rarely talk about anything more serious than traffic and television.’ The survey questioned over 2,000 adults with the majority admitting to regularly chatting at the expense of weighty dialogue, even though most of them secretly long for more meaningful exchanges. The survey also found that despite the cultural stereotype, the British weather is no longer an acceptable item of small talk. Preferred items are last night’s TV, office gossip and traffic. Three ‘experts’ have commented on the results. ‘Brits have lost the skill of conversation – too much chatter means we keep our thoughts to ourselves,’ says Ronald Carter, professor of English at Nottingham University. ‘Serious communication has been the first victim of our rushed, modern lives. We can’t communicate reflectively when we’re in a hurry so we resort to banal talk – we don’t make the effort to explore conversational depths.’ However Dr Jonathon Miller, neuroscience researcher, TV presenter and author, claims that ‘big conversation’ bores him. Conversation, he says, is hardly an art. ‘I’m interested in turn-taking in conversation and how people respond to various topics, rather than what those topics are.’ Third spokesman Lem Sissey, a leading black writer, says in his turn that talk about traffic and patio doors is the Western Buddhist mantra. Small talk, he says, is far more fascinating than big talk. ‘I truly respect those who can discuss carpets for half an hour and get something out of it,’ he says. page 69 The survey also discovered that two-thirds of those interviewed believe the telephone is the best means of having an intelligent conversation – at which result many non-participants rushed to express their own personal hatred of telephones. ‘You just can’t win,’ commented Telewest Broadband. page 70 VerbiIrregolari Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione abide abode abode stare arise arose arisen sgorgare awake awoke awoken svegliare bear bore borne sopportare beat beat beaten battere become became become diventare begin began begun cominciare bend bent bent curvare, piegare bet bet bet scommettere bid bid bid fare un'offerta bind bound bound legare bite bit bitten mordere bleed bled bled sanguinare blow blew blown soffiare break broke broken rompere breed bred bred allevare bring brought brought accompagnare build built built costruire burn burnt burnt bruciare burst burst burst scoppiare buy bought bought comprare cast cast cast lanciare (un dado) catch caught caught ottenere (prendere) choose chose chosen scegliere cling clung clung afferrare come came come venire cost cost cost costare creep crept crept strisciare cut cut cut eliminare, tagliare deal dealt dealt gestire (trattare) dig dug dug scavare do did done fare draw drew drawn tirare dream dreamt dreamt sognare page 71 drink drank drunk bere drive drove driven guidare dwell dwelt dwelt dimorare eat ate eaten mangiare fall fell fallen cadere feed fed fed nutrire feel felt felt sentire fight fought fought combattere find found found trovare flee fled fled fuggire fling flung flung lanciare (con forza) fly flew flown volare forbid forbade forbidden vietare forget forgot forgotten dimenticare forgive forgave forgiven perdonare freeze froze frozen ghiacciare get got got ottenere, diventare give gave given dare go went gone andare grind ground ground macinare grow grew grown produrre (coltivare) hang hung hung appendere have had had avere hear heard heard udire hide hid hidden nascondere hit hit hit percuotere, colpire hold held held tenere hurt hurt hurt fare male keep kept kept conservare kneel knelt knelt inginocchiarsi know knew known sapere lay laid laid stendere lead led led condurre lean leant leant piegare (inclinare) leap leapt leapt saltare page 72 learn learnt learnt imparare leave left left partire (andar via) lend lent lent prestare let let let lasciare lie lay lain sdraiarsi light lit lit illuminare lose lost lost perdere make made made fare, realizzare mean meant meant significare meet met met incontrare mow mowed mown falciare overcome overcame overcome sopraffare pay paid paid pagare put put put mettere quit quit quit smettere read read read leggere rid rid rid liberare da ride rode ridden andare in, cavalcare ring rang rung suonare rise rose risen alzarsi run ran run correre saw sawed sawn segare say said said dire see saw seen vedere seek sought sought cercare sell sold sold vendere send sent sent mandare set set set fissare sew sewed sewn cucire shake shook shaken scuotere shear sheared shorn tosare shed shed shed spargere shine shone shone brillare shoe shod shod ferrare i cavalli shoot shot shot sparare page 73 show showed shown mostrare shrink shrank shrunk ridursi shut shut shut chiudere sing sang sung cantare sink sank sunk affondare sit sat sat sedersi sleep slept slept dormire slide slid slid scivolare slink slunk slunk sgattaiolare slit slit slit tagliare smell smelt smelt sentire odore sow sowed sown seminare speak spoke spoken parlare speed sped sped accelerare spell spelt spelt scandire spend spent spent spendere spill spilt spilt versare spit spat spat sputare split split split spaccare spoil spoilt spoilt guastare spread spread spread espandere spring sprang sprung rimbalzare stand stood stood stare in piedi steal stole stolen rubare stick stuck stuck appiccicare sting stung stung pungere stink stank stunk puzzare stride strode stridden avanzare a grandi passi strike struck struck colpire strive strove striven sforzarsi swear swore sworn giurare sweep swept swept spazzare swell swelled swollen gonfiare swim swam swum nuotare swing swung swung dondolare page 74 take took taken prendere teach taught taught insegnare tear tore torn lacerare tell told told dire, raccontare think thought thought pensare throw threw thrown gettare, slanciare thrust thrust thrust ficcare, forzare tread trod trodden calpestare undergo underwent undergone subire understand understood understood capire upset upset upset preoccupare wake woke woken svegliarsi wear wore worn indossare weave wove woven tessere weep wept wept piangere win won won vincere wind wound wound serpeggiare withdraw withdrew withdrawn ritirarsi wring wrung wrung torcere write wrote written scrivere page 75 Piccadilly Catania