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7 great mysteries of Modern Physics
10 000 a. l. 1 miliardo a. l. The Big Bang Model Leptons Quarks Fermions Bosons u c t g d s b g up down charm top strange bottom gluone fotone ne nm nt W e-neutrino m-neutrino t-neutrino e m t elettrone muone tau bosone Z bosone Higgs Boson 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – is there one or are they more Universes? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – is there one or are they more Universes? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 La storia dell’Universo 10-6 sec. Matter – antimatter annihilation CP violation (CPT) Assymetry between “laws of matter and laws of antimatter” e KLOE at DAFNE LHCb at LHC-CERN ..... Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, info: http://www.lnf.infn.it/sis/ ADA e ADONE ATLAS NAUTILUS KLOE Centro di Calcolo OPERA DAFNE BTF DAFNE-L FISA FINUDA DEAR Auditorium Large Hadron Collider LHCb 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – is there one or are they more Universes? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 Relativita’ generale La materia dice allo spazio come curvarsi, lo spazio dice alla materia come muoversi. Relativita’ generale 1919 – conferna relativita’ generale: Sir Arthur Eddington (foto durante eclissi...) Credit: Adam Apollo Hawking radiation (quantum effect) Lanciarsi in un buco nero? 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – is there one or are they more Universes? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 10 000 a. l. 1 miliardo a. l. “Normal Matter” 4% Dark Energy 73% Dark Matter 23% Relativita’ generale La materia dice allo spazio come curvarsi, lo spazio dice alla materia come muoversi. 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – is there one or are they more Universes? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 The Standard Model The Standard Model Neutron stars EXERCISE: How much is the weight of a milk-shake made of collapsed matter? Pesa 100 Miliardi di Tonnellate !!! Le pulsar sono oggetti con queste densità con 20 km di raggio che possono compiere decine e centinaia di giri al secondo su loro stesse Anche la velocità è un parametro da cui dipende l’emissione DAΦNE, since 1998 SIDDHARTA SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications Formazione di un atomo esotico (atomo kaonico) e- n ~ sqrt(M*/me) n’ ~ 25 (for K-p) (M* : K-p reduced mass) Auger Electron highly-excited state K- 1) Initial capture deexcite 2) Cascade K3) Strong interaction K- X-ray Nucleus 4) Absorption Width stopped inand a>target medium e.g. The strong int.Shift width Radiative trans. width 1s for K-p, K-d of last orbit • • 2p for K-He 1 2 cm x 144 SDDs SIDDHARTA overview Target 510 MeV/c y x z 127 MeV/c Δp/p=0.1% 510 MeV/c 54 ) Hydrogen spectrum EM value K-p Kα Kaonic hydrogen Kα Kβ higher KC54 KC65 Ti Kα KO65 Ti Kβ KO76 KC75 KN65 Cu Deuterium spectrum simultaneous fit Background estimation KAl87 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – how many Universes do exist? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 More Universes with different physics Level II Multiverse Theory • An expansion of the Level I theory • Called “Chaotic Eternal Inflation” • States that there is an infinite number of Level I multiverses with their own physical constants, meaning an infinite number of universes, each containing an infinite number of “universes” similar to ours (Hubble Volumes). • These universes have different physical constants, dimensions, and particles. Many-world from QM Il gatto di Schrodinger Il gatto di Schrodinger MQ: Il gatto e’ 50% vivo e 50% morto! Il gatto di Schrodinger Tutta una serie di interpretazioni della meccanica quantistica: -De Broglie – Bohm - Many-World Interpretations -Collasso della funzione d’onda -..... 7 big questions in modern physics: – what happened to antimatter? – black holes – what happens inside? – what are the dark matter and dark energy? – Schroedinger cat aradox – which is the solution? – the neutron stars structure – is there place for strangeness inside? – how many Universes do exist? – do aliens exist? F.Riggi, Microcosmo e macrocosmo, Vacanze studio Gennaio 2002 Fermi paradox Where are they if they exist, why are they not here? They are here -UFO Pioneer 10 (17-10-70) e 11 C. Sagan & F. Drake What about the inforrmation? Hawking & Preskill (the bet) Holographic principle The black holes war Maldacena Dual theories Maldacena Black hole war Hawking lost the bet We need quantum gravity! Scorciatoie spazio-temporali
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