Scarica lo schema intervento Prof. Bauman

Seminario: La libertà religiosa nella giurisprudenza
della Corte suprema statunitense e canadese
Reasonable Faiths, Reasonable Limits:
Freedom of Religion in Canada
Professor Richard W. Bauman
University of Alberta
February 2011
Key constitutional provisions:
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms / La Carta dei Diritti e delle
Libertà del Canada
Section 2: Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:
(a) freedom of conscience and religion;
(b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including
freedom of the press and other media of communication;
(c) freedom of peaceful assembly; and
(d) freedom of association.
Sezione 2. Ogni persona godrà delle libertà fondamentali seguenti:
(a) libertà di coscienza e di religione;
(b) libertà di pensiero, di credo, d'opinione e
d'espressione, compresa la libertà di stampa e di uso di altri mezzi di
comunicazione;
(c) libertà di riunione a scopo pacifico; e
(d) libertà d'associazione.
Section 1: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the
rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits
prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic
society.
Sezione 1. La Carta Canadese dei Diritti e delle Libertà garantisce i
diritti e le libertà in essa enunciati. Essi saranno soggetti solamente a
limitazioni ragionevoli, così come è previsto dalla legge, limitazioni che
possono essere giustificate in maniera chiara in una società libera e
democratica.
Key cases that I will review:
Amselem v. Syndicat Northcrest, [2004] 2 S.C.R. 551, available online
at:
http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2004/2004scc47/2004scc47.html
Multani v. Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 256,
available online at:
http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2006/2006scc6/2006scc6.html
Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony,[2009] 2 S.C.R. 567,
available online at:
http://csc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/2009/2009scc37/2009scc37.html
Additional court case now being heard in the Supreme Court of British
Columbia:
Reference re the Constitutionality of s. 293 of the Criminal Code of Canada
(the Polygamy Reference)
Steps in assessing the constitutional validity of a law or regulation that
arguably violates freedom of religion:
First, determine what is the “nature of the limit” and whether there is a
violation of s. 2(a), freedom of religion.
Second, if there is a violation, determine whether the law or regulation in
question is nevertheless justified by s. 1 of the Charter. This involves
assessing:
- Is the limit “prescribed by law”?
- Is the purpose of the limit “pressing and substantial”?
- Does the limit further the purpose “proportionately”?
(i) Is there a rational connection between the purpose and the limit?
(ii) Does the limit minimally impair right or freedom?
- Do the “salutary benefits” of the limit outweigh the “deleterious effects”?
If all these latter questions are answered “yes,” then the limit in question
is justified as a “reasonable limit” in a “free and democratic society,” in
accordance with s. 1.