Planning STA for the tourist traffic
Transcript
Planning STA for the tourist traffic
Planning the Tourism Bus Management for the Year 2000 Jubilee in Rome by Maurizio Tomassini, Director Systems and Innovations, S.T.A., S.p.A. Tourist Flows in Rome (Based on Arrivals in Hotels) 6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 Tourists 2000000 1000000 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 Source: Roma in Cifre (1996), Maggioli Editore, 198-199. 1990 Average Length of Visit in Rome 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 Days 1,5 1 0,5 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 Source: Roma in Cifre (1996), Maggioli Editore, 198-199. 1990 Productive Value of Tourism • Tourists in Italy are responsible for an average of 4.2% of the PIL/GNP – Rome’s contribution to the PIL is double that of its population (constitutes 10.5% of the Italian PIL, represents 5% of Italian Population) – Rome’s tourism industry is larger than the national average – Jubilee is expected to bring more than three times as many visitors – Pilgrims constitute the majority of the visitors and tend to spend less money than tourists Source: Annuario Statistico Italiano 1997, 168-313. Mobility in Rome • Rome has a total of 2,318,000 registered vehicles, of which » 1,900,000 are cars » 8.000 are buses • A total of 1.5 residents per car • A total of 1 parking space for every 6 cars • 6 million trips per day all modes (57% private vehicles) Source: Roma in Cifre (1996), Maggioli Editore, 303-309. Four Zone Model --- --- Four Zone Model: Strategies • First Zone: Historical Centre – – – – Function: Protection of Heritage (artistic and environmental) Borders: Zona a Traffico Limitato Strategy: Limitation of Access Instrument: Automatic Access Control System (prototype completed; full installation of over 45 gates by year 2000) • Second Zone: First Ring – – – – Function: Filter Demand Boundaries: Railroad Ring Strategy: Limitation of Private Vehicle Trips Instrument: Pay Parking Jubilee Forecasts: People • In 1997, 7 million pilgrims tourists visited Rome • For the Jubilee, 24 million pilgrims and tourists are expected of which – 9,250,000 will stay in hotels • of which 57% a re foreign and 43% are Italian – 4,000,000 will stay in private homes • of which 37% are foreign and 63% are Italian – 5,090,000 will only stay for the day • of which 16% are foreign and 84% are Italian Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Jubilee Forecasts: Urban Modes • Forecasts regarding the transportation mode used within the urban area are as follows (based on a survey of Italian visitors) – Private vehicle: 12% – Taxi: 11% – Public Transportation: 62% – Walking: 15% Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Jubilee Forecasts: Tourist Buses • 1,400 tourist buses forecasted for normal days • 1,900 tourist buses expected a day for special events • Over 3,000 tourist buses a day expected for the “very special” events • 26,000 tourist buses are expect for the World Youth Day that year (arriving and leaving over a period of a few days) Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Management Model: Development BASIC STEPS • Estimate the capacity of the system • Establish the threshold numbers of visitors • Identify trade-offs • Limit access (within two zones) • Facilitate advanced booking Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Management Model: System Functions GRA Rome’s Ring Road Key: ZTL Area Bus 1 ZTL Area Bus 2 Checkpoint Park and Ride Areas Nearby Parking Areas Pick-up and Drop-Off Areas Authorised Routes Rail Lines Pedestrian and Shuttle Bus Trips Management Model: Regulations • Access and circulation of tourist buses prohibited – 24 hours a day for the area inside the Aurelian walls (slightly bigger than the access control centre for cars) – 14 hours a day (7:00am to 9:00pm) for the area between the GRA (ring road) to the Aurelian Walls • Entrance permitted only for a limited number of tourist buses, taking part in the reservation system, which must travel directly to the officially appointed parking or standing areas Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Management Model: Regulations (Con’t) • Access and circulation of tourist buses prohibited (Con’t) • Authorised buses (those having obtained permits) may accompany groups within the restricted areas only during the arrival and departures stages • Exceptions only made for exceptional, urgent cases, determined by the relevant authorities • Absolute prohibition of tourist bus to • • park outside of the reserved parking areas circulate outside of the authorised routes Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Management Model: System Architecture Check Point Check Point Check Point Central Management System Manages: •Availability in Centre (real time) •Advanced Reservation System Produces: •List of Reserved Buses •Remaining Availability Check Point Check Point Check Point Functions: Bus Has Advance Reservation: •Pay for service, pick-up tags and ITS, enter restricted zone Bus Has No Reservation (Three Options): •Available: Get permit, pay, and pick-up tags and ITS, enter restricted zone •Not Available: Go to external park and ride •Does not want to pay: Go to external park and ride Management Model: Supporting ITS Mechanisms • Gate system for ZTL and parking structures • Central Management Centre, which co-ordinates data from check points, reservation system and gates • Interface which co-ordinates the remote reservation system (via internet, GSM, etc.) etc • Dissemination of information (internet, televideo, etc.) etc • Tag system for buses (GPS/TLC) GPS/TLC Source: Divieto di Circolazione degli Autobus Turistici a Roma nell’Anno 2000, (5 Giugno 1998) Management Model: After Year 2000 • Need to understand the relationship between – control measures, – quantity of tourism, – income due to tourism, and – net value of tourism (considering internal and external costs) Management Model: After Year 2000 • Using this information, need to define more flexible system which: – ensures a maximum net value for the city – identifies appropriate control measure that protect area without restricting tourism more than necessary Hypothetical Relationship Between Tourists and Income X 2X 3X 4X 5X 6X Tourists Net Value Income External Costs Hypothetical Relationship Between Control Measures and Income Rigid 2 Rigid 1 Medium 2 Net Value Income External Costs Medium 1 Flexible 3 Flexible 2 Flexible 1 Optimal Net Value Strength of Control Measures