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Ph. D. School Scienze per la Conservazione dei Beni Culturali
Università degli Studi di Firenze
Floriana Salvemini
Marco Zoppi
Francesco Grazzi
Investigation of the materials and the metallurgical technology
developed in time by different cultures.
Implementation of the state of knowledge about
neutron imaging techniques.
Development of non-invasive investigation methodologies,
through the combined use of different approaches.
CCD Detector
Lens optic system
Sample
Pin hole
Rotating table
Scintillator
Robinson collection
20 mm
Historical periods
Traditions
Kotō (old sword) 987-1596
Shintō (new sword) 1596-1781
ore mines
political power
Shinshintō (new new sword) 1781-1876
Gendaitō (modern era sword) 1876-now
Different smelting and smithing procedures
Different forging techniques
S0
S2
S3
S7
S8
2 cm
Energy-Selective Neutron Tomography

polychromatic
neutron beam
polycrystalline
material
dhkl
Bragg‘s law
2dhklsinθ=
DCM
Courtesy of Nikolay Kardjilov - Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH

polychromatic
neutron beam
polycrystalline
material
dhkl
Bragg‘s law
2dhklsin90°=
DCM
Fe (bcc) transmission spectrum
2dhkl=
Courtesy of Nikolay Kardjilov - Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
CCD Detector
Lens optic system
Monochromator
Pin hole
Sample
Rotating table
Scintillator
Fe bcc
3.7 Å
4.4 Å
Contrast enhancement
Phase-mapping
S7
Hard steel
2 cm
Medium steel
Soft steel
Sr1
Sr2
cm
51 cm
Sr1
Sr2
High ferrite
Low ferrite
5 cm
5 cm
K1
K2
K4
K3
K1
K2
K3
K4
S. Magotti, Nipponto - L'Anima del Samurai-Evoluzione, arte, tecnica dell'arma più efficiente della storia, Ponchiroli editore (2011).
Sample Stage
Sliding door
Beam Stop
Flight Tubes
Selector Wheel /
Secondary Shutter
Unit
Detector Stage
Rail System
Primary Collimator
Tertiary and Fast Shutter
Rotation axis
Tilt-angle
a
Goniometer
White beam tomography is able to characterize the inner structure
and composition of metal artefacts, non-destructively.
Energy-selective tomography is able to give information about the
morphology and the distribution of phases composed by similar
elements by enhancing the relative contrast.
Neutron laminographies allow to investigate the whole volume of
flat objects, that are much less recommended to CT analysis: reliable
projection data cannot be acquired from angles where the plate is
oriented parallel to the irradiation direction.
Important steps have been done in the understanding of the
manufacturing methods of different ancient artefacts.
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