Provisional Data on Operation of the Italian Power System

Provisional Data on Operation of the Italian Power System

PROVISIONAL DATA ON OPERATION OF THE ITALIAN POWER SYSTEM
JANUARY 3, 2011
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Table of Contents
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Introduction
Terna - Rete Elettrica Nazionale S.p.A. is the company responsible in Italy for electricity transmission
and dispatching on the extra high voltage and high voltage electricity grid throughout the national
territory. To guarantee service continuity and quality under safety conditions, Terna must collect,
instant by instant, all the data on the status of the power system. By processing these data, indicators
are then developed of the power system performance.
The publication “Provisional Data on Operation of the Italian Power System - 2010” summarizes the
figures.
The most significant events included in the publication refer to the increased electricity consumption
in 2010, equal to +1,8% compared to 2009 representing the highest positive variation since 2007.
In 2010, electricity demand reached 326.2 billion kWh. 86.5% of this demand was covered by
domestic production allocated for consumption and the remaining part (13.5%) by the balance
between imports and exports with foreign countries which dropped by 2.3% compared to 2009.
Furthermore, the increase was confirmed of the installed generating capacity which totally rose by
nearly 1,500 MW. Wind farms and photovoltaic solar parks made a significant contribution to this
increase for a total installed capacity of over 400 MW of new plants (+6.9%).
In 2010, the highest electricity demand on the Italian electricity grid equaled 56,425 MW (+8.8%
compared to 2009), recorded on July 16 at 12:00 pm.
The following pages provide additional information on these and other aspects of the Italian power
system’s management and operation.
3
)
(3.
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)
13
Ele .2 (1
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4.3
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rvi
icit
ce med
yc
s
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on
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yp
um
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)
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.8%
(70
)
.7%
(16
4.0
%
.9%
71
on
cti )
du
.6
pro (226
al
erm 34.4
2
Th
.3%
15
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on
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cti )
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9
)
a
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1)
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(47
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.8
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4
.
, p al
45
nd rm 15
Wi othe
1)
(2.
ge
1.8
rt
po
Ex
4
+ 1.8%
2010/2009 Variation
326.2 (320.3)
Electricity supplied (consumption + losses)
n
tio
uc
d
ro
)
s p 2.6
s
9
o
r
2
(
g
tal 99.7
To
2
1.3
%
Italian Electricity Balance
TWh (2009 data between parentheses)
100%
Electricity Balance by Regional Area and Total (GWh)
TURIN
MILAN
VENICE
FLORENCE
ROME
NAPLES
PALERMO
CAGLIARI
Total
T
2010
2009
% Var.
Hydro
Production
9,415
11,130
16,383
1,839
6,074
3,883
577
642
49,943
53,443
-6.5
Thermal
Production
29,027
44,965
19,120
26,563
25,817
55,450
21,313
12,152
234,407
226,638
3.4
149
173
252
5,627
1,036
4,888
2,143
1,102
15,370
12,561
22.4
38,591
56,268
35,755
34,029
32,927
64,221
24,033
13,896 299,720
292,642
2.4
1,520
2,268
2,087
1,214
1,358
2,883
1,035
824
13,189
11,535
14.3
37,071
54,000
33,668
32,815
31,569
61,338
22,998
13,072
286,531
281,107
1.9
Electricity consumed
1,071
by pumping
1,252
50
173
98
716
610
340
4,310
5,798
-25.7
282,221
275,309
2.5
Wind, photovoltaic
and geothermal
production
Total gross
production *
Electricity
consumed by
auxiliary services
Total net
production
Net production
allocated for
consumption
36,000
52,748
33,618
32,642
31,471
60,622
22,388
Import
Export
13,134
843
21,620
79
8,800
122
0
119
0
0
2,207
90
0
0
0
564
45,761
1,817
47,070
2,111
-2.8
-13.9
Net import/export
balance
12,291
21,541
8,678
-119
0
2,117
0
-564
43,944
44,959
-2.3
Balance of physical
exchanges between
-13,792
regional areas
-6,552
4,803
15,668
15,242
-14,222
-708
-439
Electricity
supplied
34,499
67,737
47,099
48,191
46,713
48,517
21,680
11,729
326,165
320,268
1.8
Year 2009
33,350
65,753
46,465
48,089
46,766
46,563
21,472
11,810
% Variation
3.4
3.0
1.4
0.2
-0.1
4.2
1.0
-0.7
* of which CIP-6
production
650
2,694
1,718
7,257
6,106
9,500
4,241
4,773
36,939
44,011
-16.1
12,732 N.B. Net import/export balance excluding the Republic of San Marino and the Vatican City.
During the year, electricity demand reached 326.2 billion kWh, rising by 1.8% compared to 2009, with a fairly positive performance in almost
all months.
The net domestic production allocated for consumption registered a 2.5% increase. The variation in the balance of physical exchanges of
electricity with foreign countries was negative compared to the previous year (-2.3%).
In particular, production from renewable sources increased: geothermal, wind and photovoltaic solar (+22.4%), as well as thermoelectric sources
(+3.4%). Hydroelectric production decreased (-6.5%) and came after wind power protection in the southern areas of the country.
Electricity imports from foreign countries registered a decrease equal to 2.8%.
Exports dropped significantly (-13.9%).
5
Electricity Demand on the Italian Grid
Trend and Coverage
TWh
337
350
305
311
2001
2002
321
325
330
2003
2004
2005
340
339
326
320
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Net import/export balance
Net production allocated for consumption
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Monthly and Cyclical Percentage Variations
%
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
J F M A M J
J A S O N
J F M A M J J
A S O N
J F M A M J
J A S O N
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
-12.0
2008/2007
Monthly
Cyclical (referring to the last 12 months)
6
2009/2008
2010/2009
Percentage Variations by Regional Area
%
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
TURIN
MILAN
VENICE
FLORENCE
ROME
NAPLES
PALERMO
CAGLIARI
2009/2008
2010/2009
Components (%) of Electricity Supply Side*
Wind, photovoltaic
and geothermal
4.6%
Hydro
15.1%
Thermal
66.8%
Net
import/export
balance
13.5%
* % net of electricity consumed by auxiliary services of the production and by pumping
7
Hourly Load Demand on the Italian Grid
Load Curve on Maximum and Minimum Peak Days
GW
GW
GW
60
60
60
55.3
26 June 2008
51.9
17 July 2009
50
50
50
40
40
40
30
30
30
20
20
20.1
26 December 2008
20
10
6
12
18
20.8
6 April 2010
18.8
13 April 2009
10
0
hour 0
56.4
16 July 2010
24
Max 2008
Min 2008
0
hour 0
10
12
6
18
24
0
hour 0
6
Max 2009
Min 2009
12
18
24
Max 2010
Min 2010
Daily Values 2010
MAX
GW
MIN
Date - Time
GW
Date - Time
LOAD
Thermal production
40.6
15 December 18:00
12.8
21 June 2:00
Hydro production
11.4
25 June 10:00
1.1
24 October 5:00
Hourly peak load
56.4
16 July 12:00
20.8
6 April 3:00
GWh
Date
GWh
Date
ENERGY
Thermal production
817.8
15 December
382.6
20 June
Hydro production
182.3
18 June
50.5
24 October
1,150.3
16 July
592.5
5 April
Daily electricity demand
N.B.: Data are net of electricity consumed by auxiliary services and by pumping.
In 2010, the highest electricity demand on the national power system, was equal to 56,425 MW, recorded on July 16 at 12:00 pm, higher by
8.8% compared to the 2009 peak (51,873 MW, June 17, 2009).
During the year, the monthly peak figures were essentially higher than those of the same months in the previous year, with some exceptions.
8
Peak Loads by Month
GW
60
56.4
54.9
52.2
50
50.2
49.2
51.4
50.5
49.7
51.9
51.7
49.6
48.9
47.8
47.4
46.8
46.0
44.4 45.2
45.6 45.5
46.6 47.1
51.2
48.2
40
30
20
10
2009
2010
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Utilisation Curve of Hourly Load Demand
GW
60
(*)
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
GW
58
2010
(*)
56
2009
54
2008
52
50
48
46
0
1
2
3
4
5 %
N.B.: Data are net of electricity consumed by auxiliary services and by pumping.
9
Weekly Maximum Values of Load and Energy
Weekly Maximum Values of Load
GW
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2010
2009
Weekly Maximum Values of Energy
GWh
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
2009
Jul
Aug
2010
The weekly load curve shows the maximum values of load and energy recorded on the Italian power grid in each of the 52 weeks of 2010. The
diagrams clearly show low demand values during the Easter holidays, August and year-end holidays.
10
Hydro Power Plants
Energy Capability Factor
2,00
2.00
Indice Factor
annuale1.23
0,80(1.03
(0,79innel
2005)
2009)
Yearly
1,80
1.80
1,60
1.60
1,40
1.40
1,20
1.20
1,00
1.00
0,80
0.80
0,60
0.60
0,40
0.40
0,20
0.20
0,00
0.00
G
J
F
M
A
M
G
J
L
J
A
S
O
N
D
Andamento
dei massimi
storici
mensili
dal1950
1950toal2009
2005
Historical
monthly
maximum
values
from
Historical
monthly
minimum
from
dei minimi
storicivalues
mensili
dal 1950
1950 to
al 2009
2005
Andamento
2005
2010
2006
2009
Fullness Factor of Hydro Reservoirs at the end of Each Month
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
J
G
F
M
A
M
J
G
J
L
A
S
O
N
D
Andamento
dei massimi
storici
mensili
dal1970
1970toal2009
2009
Historical
monthly
maximum
values
from
Historical
monthly
minimum
from
Andamento
dei minimi
storicivalues
mensili
dal 1970
1970 to
al 2009
2010
2005
2009
2006
The monthly hydroelectric capability factors show, except for April, percentage values above the corresponding values recorded throughout
2009. In November, in particular, the monthly index registered its annual peak with 1.57.
The yearly energy capability factor of 1.23 (ratio of the capability in the current year to the average multi-year reference value) was higher
compared to the same value in the previous year (1.03 in 2009).
11
Energy not Supplied (MWh) on the Extra High Voltage and High Voltage
Electricity Grid
Regional Area
Year 2010
Year 2009
Turin
52.46
106.37
Milan
134.90
237.62
Venice
114.27
281.55
Florence
148.36
122.83
Rome
221.18
240.45
Naples
770.76
682.38
Palermo
546.77
280.54
Cagliari
20.12
16.56
2,008.82
1,968.30
Total
CENT. SOUTH. ➞ SARDINIA
14 November 2010
14:00
CENT. NORTH. ➞ SARDINIA
17 May 2010
5:00
SOUTH. ➞ SICILY
21 June 2010
13:00
GREECE
17 March 2010
19:00
CENT. SOUTH. ➞ SOUTH.
17 December 2010
15:00
SLOVENIA
27 April 2010
9:00
CENT. NORTH. ➞ CENT. SOUTH.
27 October 2010
11:00
AUSTRIA
01 July 2010
12:00
FRANCE
2,862
1,213
1,462
1,522
1,939
2,054
288
127
927
948
1,880
SWITZERLAND
2,563
4,610
3,654
3,235
3,815
2,877
1,926
808
3,171
2,011
2,522
AUSTRIA
156
142
270
146
203
189
117
217
119
165
184
SLOVENIA
397
1,330
967
1,968
959
626
451
452
688
1,069
906
0
427
347
0
-509
-53
300
475
-195
0
460
635
722
1,825
2,208
2,091
3,540
-1,358
-1,628
1,099
-1,048
726
-108
-1,126
-679
530
135
2,205
-3,411
-2,712
-570
-756
-8
-2,068
-2,737
-3,808
-2,444
-3,076
-793
-4,385
-5,225
-3,098
-2,024
-3,052
32
-70
-246
5
-67
-39
-182
-157
-644
-264
40
CENTRAL NORTH. ➞ SARDINIA
0
0
-51
0
0
-71
-57
-71
-103
-144
48
CENTRAL SOUTH. ➞ SARDINIA
-78
104
0
-211
159
-238
-84
-72
0
-232
-508
FRANCE
18 June 2010
7:00
SWITZERLAND
02 April 2010
9:00
NORTH. ➞ CENTRAL NORTH.
20 June 2010
21:00
Maximum Load Flows among Areas (MW)
GREECE
NORTH. ➞ CENTRAL NORTH.
CENT. NORTH. ➞ CENT. SOUTH.
CENTRAL SOUTH. ➞ SOUTH.
SOUTH. ➞ SICILY
12
Balance of Physical Exchanges of Electricity (GWh)
Austria
Switzerland 2
1,04
6
1,
54
1
34,499
•
Milan
6 ,0
•
Turin
7,355
67,737
4
7,70
88
Slovenia
697
11,245
47,099
4,106
0
, 15
10
France
1,3 2 3
• Venice
48,191
Florence•
11
9
5
10
France
(Corsica)
564
23
2
46,713
Rome
•
7
20
14
,
93
0
• Naples
48,517
2,117
Greec
e
11,729
708
Cagliari
•
Palermo
•
21,680
EXCHANGES
DEMAND
The balance of physical exchanges of electricity mainly shows the energy flows among the various areas of the Italian power system. In
particular, it is necessary to note the high flows going from Lombardy towards central Italy.
Electricity exports from Sicily to the mainland through the 380 kV connection, provide for the safe operation of Sicily’s and Calabria’s power
systems.
13
Physical Exchanges of Electricity between Italy and Neighbouring
Countries
(GWh)
Electricity imported to Italy from
2009
France Switzerland
Austria
Slovenia
Greece
TOTAL
Net
import/export
balance
Electricity exported from Italy to
Austria
Slovenia
Greece
TOTAL
France Switzerland
January
1,127.9
2,113.1
115.4
540.2
162.4
4,059.0
129.4
49.3
0.0
0.1
14.2
193.0
3,866.0
February
1,181.7
2,071.8
105.2
675.8
239.7
4,274.2
111.4
20.6
0.0
1.1
5.4
138.5
4,135.7
March
1,539.2
2,303.0
118.2
643.9
190.7
4,794.9
70.7
17.0
0.0
0.2
24.3
112.2
4,682.7
April
1,061.4
1,994.9
124.9
724.3
222.8
4,128.3
96.6
26.7
0.0
0.4
52.9
176.6
3,951.7
May
1,095.4
2,052.3
100.8
572.5
126.5
3,947.5
64.2
45.8
0.0
4.8
22.0
136.8
3,810.6
June
1,013.4
2,119.6
16.5
635.2
125.2
3,909.9
75.8
76.8
0.0
3.5
49.0
205.0
3,704.9
July
990.4
2,631.7
76.4
597.1
139.1
4,434.7
97.6
47.1
0.0
1.8
4.3
150.8
4,283.9
August
682.7
1,938.4
69.8
97.6
162.8
2,951.4
53.7
23.1
0.0
11.8
4.3
92.9
2,858.5
September
846.8
2,208.5
105.4
402.4
170.2
3,733.4
70.9
31.3
0.0
23.4
57.3
182.9
3,550.5
October
662.2
1,785.0
123.6
595.0
175.2
3,341.0
198.8
77.5
0.0
3.9
31.7
311.9
3,029.1
November
930.7
1,901.9
125.5
669.1
207.9
3,835.1
131.7
58.2
0.0
2.3
29.6
221.8
3,613.3
December
807.3
1,854.7
110.4
619.5
269.5
3,661.4
137.2
28.7
0.0
7.0
16.0
188.9
3,472.4
11,939.0 24,975.0
1,192.1
6,772.5 2,192.1 47,070.6
1,238.1
502.1
0.0
60.3
310.9
2,111.4
44,959.3
YEAR
2010
France Switzerland
Austria
Slovenia
Greece
TOTAL
Austria
Slovenia
Greece
TOTAL
Net
import/export
balance
January
820.9
1,682.3
105.3
723.4
305.2
3,637.1
161.4
51.5
0.0
22.3
1.7
236.9
3,400.2
February
1,068.9
1,899.3
101.3
772.4
197.2
4,039.1
100.4
27.5
0.0
6.3
0.7
134.9
3,904.2
March
1,183.4
2,178.8
118.9
856.8
202.7
4,540.6
86.1
45.6
0.0
6.4
15.6
153.7
4,386.9
April
1,030.2
2,113.8
111.6
722.1
68.4
4,046.1
83.4
45.0
0.0
26.9
13.7
169.0
3,877.1
May
869.8
1,992.4
124.9
695.3
0.0
3,682.4
57.0
59.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
120.3
3,562.1
June
1,241.1
1,936.4
118.9
577.9
39.7
3,914.0
44.2
63.8
0.0
10.1
11.0
129.1
3,784.9
July
1,323.9
2,488.3
126.3
393.4
231.2
4,563.1
64.4
27.5
0.0
6.3
2.7
100.9
4,462.2
August
838.0
1,727.9
92.2
72.3
195.6
2,926.0
70.7
9.2
1.8
12.2
18.2
112.1
2,813.9
September
946.4
1,777.8
104.0
523.3
151.2
3,502.7
62.2
17.0
0.0
6.4
1.0
86.6
3,416.1
October
869.1
2,035.5
91.3
606.7
265.9
3,868.5
115.6
16.4
0.0
14.0
12.9
158.9
3,709.6
November
971.1
1,813.8
118.0
872.4
229.8
4,005.1
89.8
27.3
0.0
5.0
11.3
133.4
3,871.7
December
511.3
1,434.4
110.7
659.8
319.8
3,036.0
176.8
102.8
0.0
1.5
0.0
281.1
2,754.9
11,674.1 23,080.7
1,323.4
7,475.8 2,206.7 45,760.7
1,112.0
492.6
1.8
121.7
88.8
1,816.9
43,943.8
Electricity imported to Italy from
YEAR
Electricity exported from Italy to
France Switzerland
Physical Exchanges of Electricity between Italy and Neighbouring Countries from 1963 to 2010 (GWh)
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
Net import/export balance
Import
0
1963
Export
1969
1975
1981
1987
1993
1999
2010
During 2010, the balance of physical exchanges of electricity with foreign countries was reduced. The actual value reached 43.9 billion kWh
with a 2.3% decrease compared to the previous year.
14
Time Curves of Net Import/Export balance
Curve cronologiche saldo scambio con l'estero
Curve cronologiche saldo scambio con l'estero
Day-time NTC values
MW
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
-1000
733
1
1465
2197
2929
3661
4393
5125
5857
6589
7321
8053
-2000
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Net transfert
capacity on
the interconnected
system
February
March
April
May
June (NTC)July
January
September
August
October
September
November
October
December
November
December
Net transfert capacity on the interconnected system (NTC)
Night-time NTC values
MW
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
-1000
1
733
January
1465
February
2197
March
2929
April
3661
May
4393
June
5125
July
5857
August
6589
September
7321
October
8053
November
December
-2000
January
Net transfert
capacity on
the interconnected
system
February
March
April
May
June (NTC)July
August
September
October
November
December
Net transfert capacity on the interconnected system (NTC)
The limit value of the maximum transfer capacity on the interconnected system with foreign countries (NTC) is represented by the red broken
line, while the minimum transfer capacity is represented by the blue broken line. In particular, the maximum transfer capacity for the winter
months ranged daily between 8,040 MW and 7,390 MW. During the summer months (May-September 2010 excluding August) the range was
between 6,890 MW and 6,390 MW. In August, the range was between 5,200 MW and 3,830 MW.
15
Grid Facilities Entered into Operation (New or Renovated)
Thermal Power Plants
Turano Lodigiano
EN PLUS Ratino
TGA +TGB
G1
(330 + 330) MVA
380 MVA
Sorgenia
EN PLUS Srl
Renewable-Energy Power Plants
Eolica Minerva Messina
Eolica Mistretta
Eolico Castel di Lucio
Rocchetta S. Antonio
Enomondo Faenza
Rocca Ficuzza
InterEcogen S. Croce sull’Arno
Ripacandida
ASI Cellino San Marco FV
Sant’Alberto
Radicondoli
Ururi
S.Bellino C.le FV
Alfonsine C.le
Chiusdino
FV SolarEolica Quarta
Wind
Wind
Wind
Wind
Biomass
Wind
Natural Gas
Wind
Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic
Geothermal
Wind
Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic
Geothermal
Photovoltaic
48.3
30
22.95
40
18
22.1
30.7
43.7
38.34
27.5
20
26
72.6
31
20
13.5
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
MW
Lines
380 kV S. Rocco al Porto-Turano
380 kV Turano-Tavazzano
380 kV Foggia-S. Severo
380 kV S. Severo-Larino
380 kV Marginone-Calenzano
380 kV Magisano-Maida
380 kV Maida-Rizziconi
380 kV S. Barbara-Tavarnuzze
380 kV Fiumesanto-Ittiri
380 kV Ittiri-Selargius
380 kV Ittiri-Codrongianus
220 kV Stura-Moncalieri
220 kV Moncalieri-Casanova
220 kV Castegnero-Dugale
220 kV Castegnero-Cittadella
220 kV Castegnero-Marghera Stazione Prima
220 kV Bussolengo S.S.-Ferrara
220 kV Grugliasco-Gerbido
N° 7 lines at 150 kV
N° 8 lines at 150 kV
N° 16 lines at 132 kV
N° 14 lines at 132 kV
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
km
16.913
26.811
16.778
44.888
45.415
19.37
65.358
30.196
42.1
155.5
11.746
28.889
31.854
28.383
33.092
47.15
93.209
1.97
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Telat
Terna
Telat
Stations/Substations
S/E a 380 kV Turano
S/E a 380 kV S. Severo
S/E a 380 kV Maida
S/E a 380 kV Ittiri
S/E a 220 kV Porta Volta
S/E a 220 kV Castegnero
S/E a 150 kV Castelnuovo
S/E a 150 kV Cianfurro
S/E a 150 kV Castel di Lucio
S/E a 150 kV Scampitella
S/E a 132 kV S. Bellino
Sezione a 380 kV S/E Cagno
Sezione a 132 kV S/E Stazzona
C.P. Sorio
C.P. Mules
C.P. S. Savino
C.P. Ripacandida
C.P. Villorba
C.P. Blasi
C.P. Ciardone
C.P. Forlì Pieve
C.P. Cormons
C.U. Campomaggiore
C.U. Faenza Convertite
C.U. Fenis
C.U. Dogaia
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Terna
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Enel Distribuzione
Terna
Enel Distribuzione
Transformers
ATR 380/220 kV
ATR 380/132 kV
ATR 220/132 kV
800 MVA
500 MVA
400 MVA
Terna
Terna
Terna
54 MVAR
Terna
Reactors
S/E Garigliano
16
Italian 380 kV Grid as of 31 December 2010
FACILITIES
380 kV substation (national transmission grid)
Substation not belonging to national transmission grid
Customer substation
Thermal power plant
Hydro power plant
LINES
380 kV line (national transmission grid)
380 kV double-circuit line (national transmission grid)
400 kV DC line (national transmission grid)
380 kV line (not belonging to national transmission grid)
17
Legend
electricity supplied (or electricity demand) is the electricity to be injected into the grid for covering its net
• The
internal consumption. In the case of a national grid, it is equal to the sum of net electricity production and of imports
from neighbouring countries, after deducting the electricity consumed by pumping and exports to neighbouring
countries.
• The trend variation is the percentage change with respect to the same month or period of the previous year.
gross electricity production of a group of power plants in a given period is the sum of the amounts of
• The
electricity generated, measured at the terminals of electrical generators.
electricity consumed by auxiliary services is the sum of the electricity consumed by all the auxiliary services
• The
of power plants and of losses in the main transformers.
net electricity production is equal to the gross electricity production, after deducting the electricity consumed
• The
by auxiliary services and the losses in the main transformers.
electricity consumed by pumping is the electricity used for the sole purpose of pumping water and storing it
• The
for subsequent electricity generation.
• Regional areas consists of one or more neighbouring regions, which are grouped as follows:
TURIN:
Piemonte – Liguria – Valle d’Aosta
MILAN:
Lombardia
VENICE:
Friuli Venezia Giulia – Veneto – Trentino Alto Adige
FLORENCE: Emilia Romagna – Toscana
ROME:
Lazio – Umbria – Abruzzo – Molise – Marche
NAPLES:
Campania – Puglia – Basilicata – Calabria
PALERMO:
Sicilia
CAGLIARI:
Sardegna
• Areas: they are formed by one or more neighbouring regions and are grouped as described below:
Northern Area: Valle D’Aosta, Piemonte, Liguria, Lombardia, Trentino, Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Emilia Romagna;
Central-Northern Area: Toscana, Umbria e Marche;
Central-Southern Area: Lazio, Abruzzo e Campania;
Southern Area: Molise, Puglia, Basilicata e Calabria;
Sicily Area;
Sardinia Area.
hydro energy capability factor is the ratio of the energy capability in a given period to the mean energy
• The
capability in the same period.
The energy capability of a group of power plants in a given period is the maximum amount of electricity that all the
inflows observed in the same period would enable them to generate under the most favourable conditions.
18
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