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ISSN 1810-1119 8 8 FAO cxovelTa jandacva da warmoeba daavadeba, romelic e. w. tropikuli afrikis (udabno saharas samxreTiT) udides nawilzea gavrcelebuli, 1950-iani wlebis bolos Semotanil iqna evropaSi, sadac mis aRmofxvras 30 welze meti dro dasWirda. 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi, daavadebam ramdenime jer iCina Tavi Crdilo da samxreT amerikis ramdenime qveyanaSi, sadac misi sabolood aRmofxvra mxolod erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze gaerTianebuli ZalisxmeviT moxerxda. 2007 wlis Sua periodSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba, pirvelad dafiqsirda kavkasiaSi da Semdeg gavrcelda mTel regionSi, ramac gamoiwvia Roris mwarmoebelTa SeSfoTeba aRmosavleT evropaSi da mis gareT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavda Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb 2001 wels gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloze dayrdnobiT (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo No. 11), romelSic Setanil iqna cvlilebebi axlad SeZenili codna-gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT da evropis qveynebis realobaze morgebis mizniT. ISBN 978-92-5-906426-1 789259 ISSN 1810-1119 064261 I1196O/1/06.10/500 FAO 9 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris virusuli, hemoragiuli daavadebaa, romelic Cveulebriv gavrcelebisa da sikvdilianobis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba. cnobilia, rom daavadebam SeiZleba damangreveli Sedegi iqonios Roris warmoebaze da maT Soris maRali industrializaciis, mcire komerciul sawarmoTa da SinameurneobaTa doneze, rasac mohyveba pirutyvisa da xorcis saeqsporto bazrebis daxurva, Roris populaciebis ganadgureba da saarsebo saSualebaTa dakargva calkeuli adamianebisa da ojaxebis mier. Roris afrikuli cxeleba cxovelTa erT-erTi im transsasazRvro daavadebaTagania, romelic yvelaze rTulad eqvemdebareba kontrols imis gamo, rom dResdReobiT mis winaaRmdeg efeqturi vaqcina ar arsebobs. misi gadacema xdeba pirdapiri kontaqtis gziT infeqciis matarebel da infeqciisadmi mgrZnobelobis mqone Rorebs Soris da aseve Ornithodoros saxeobis inficirebuli rbilzurgiani tkipebis meSveobiT. velur bunebaSi am infeqcias ramdenime rezervuari gaaCnia im adgilebSi, sadac igi endemuri xasiaTisaa. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusma xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba SeinarCunos aqtivoba dabinZurebul garemoSi an Roris xorcis gamoyvanil produqtebSi, romlebic SeiZleba infeqciis wyarod gadaiqces an xeli Seuwyos daavadebis Soreul manZilebze gavrcelebas. saxelmZRvanelo saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis garekanze: marcxena suraTi: FAO/p. ankersi centri: FAO/i. hofmani marjvena suraTi: © j. patriki (Fotolia.com) 8 FAO cxovelTa warmoebisa da janmrTelobis saxelmZRvanelo saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis mari luisa Ppenridi vitorio guberti klaus depneri xuan lubroti gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia Tbilisi, 2010 avtorebis Sesaxeb mari-luisa penriti tropikuli veterinaruli daavadebebis departementi, veterinarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, pretoriis universiteti. pretoira, samxreT afrika [email protected] vitorio guberti cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuri, gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia romi, italia [email protected] klaus depneri cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuri, gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia romi, italia xuan lubroti cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuri, gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia romi, italia [email protected] gamoyenebuli literatura FAO. 2009 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis. redaqtirebuli m.l.penriti, v. guberti, k depneri, x.lubroti FAO. cxovelTa warmoebisa da jandacvis saxelmZRvanelo No 8 romi winamdebare masalaSi miTiTebuli daniSnulebebi da prezentaciebi (moxsenebebi) ar gulisxmobs gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizaciis raime mosazrebebs, romelic Seexeba ama Tu im qveynis, teritoriuli erTeulis, qalaqis an misi xelisuflebis iuridiul an ganviTarebis statuss, agreTve maTi sazRvrebis gansazRvras. specifiuri kompaniebisa da ama Tu im mwarmoeblebis produqtis (dapatentebulis Tu daupatentebelis) dasaxeleba ar gulisxmobs, FAO-s mxridan maT mowonebas, upiratesobis an rekomendaciis micemas sxva anologiur produqtebTan SedarebiT. winamdebare masalaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi aris avtoriseuli da SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes FAO-s Sexedulebebs. ISBN 978-92-5-906426-1 yvela ufleba daculia. winamdebare masalis reproducireba da gavrceleba saganmanaTleblo da arakomerciuli miznebiT nebadarTulia da aRiarebuli saavtoro uflebis mflobelebisgan, winaswari werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe. winamdebare masalis reproducireba xelaxali gayidvisTvis an sxva komerciuli miznebiT, akrZalulia saavtoro uflebebis mflobelTa winaswari werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe. aseTi nebarTvis misaRebad, gTxovT mimarToT gancxadebiT mTavar eleqtronul sagamomcemlo kompanias da damxmare filials FAO-s komunikaciis ganyofileba: Vialle della Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by email to: [email protected] FA © FAO 2009 (English edition) © FAO 2010 (Georgian edition) iii sarCevi winasityvaoba monawileebi akronimebi da abreviaturebi vii ix xi Tavi 1 Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmis SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi daavadebis buneba riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis daavadebis prevenciis strategiebi winaswari gafrTxilebis sagangebo gegma Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris strategiebi organizaciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis damxmare gegmebi samoqmedo gegmebi danarTebi 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Tavi 2 daavadebis buneba ganmarteba Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrceleba msoflioSi etiologia epidemiologiuri niSnebi klinikuri niSnebi paTologia imuniteti diagnozi 5 5 5 6 6 10 13 14 14 Tavi 3 riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis Sesavali riskis analizis principebi vin unda ganaxorcielos riskis analizi? riskis Sefaseba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis Sefasebis mniSvneloba Roris afrikuli cxelebis sagangebo gegmebis momzadebisTvis sasargeblo meTodologiis Sesaxeb Semdgomi wasakiTxi masala: 19 19 19 20 21 23 23 Tavi 4 Roris afrikuli cxelebis prevenciis strategiebi Sesavali importis sakarantino politika kontroli salafaviT kvebaze Rorebis Caketil pirobebSi Senaxva 23 23 24 24 25 iv Tavi 5 daavadebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba da Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva Sesavali cxovelTa jandacvis sferos muSakTa specialuri momzadeba daavadebis adreul etapze amocnobis da sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebisa da gagzavnis sakiTxebSi fermerTa informirebis/ganaTlebis programebi sadiagnostiko jgufis specialistebi laboratoruli diagnostikis SesaZleblobebi saerTaSoriso laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebi 27 27 29 30 31 32 32 Tavi 6 Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva adreul etapze 35 Sesavali 35 epidemiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis, likvidaciis an aRmofxvris strategiebze 36 Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris strategiebi 37 zonireba 40 inficirebuli zonebi 41 zedamxedvelobis (kontrolis) zonebi 42 Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebi 42 Rorebis xelaxla moSeneba 50 Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis/aRmofxvris RobisZiebaTa warmatebisTvis gadamwyveti faqtorebi 52 Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvrisa da qveynis, zonis an regionis doneze daavadebisgan ganTavisuflebis faqtis dadastureba 53 Tavi 7 saorganizacio RonisZiebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebuli sagangebo sainformacio kampaniis dros funqciebi da mmarTveli struqturebi sakonsultacio komiteti cxovelTa sagangebo daavadebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebi 57 57 58 59 60 Tavi 8 damxmare gegmebi finansuri gegma resursebis dagegmva kanonmdebloba 63 63 64 67 Tavi 9 samoqmedo gegma gamoZiebis faza Setyobinebis (gangaSis) faza samoqmedo faza 69 69 71 72 v informaciis Setyobineba politikuri mxardaWeris mopoveba sazogadoebis informirebis kampania Rorebis dakvla, ganadgureba da dekonteminacia Rorebis gadaadgilebis prevencia meTvalyureobis warmoeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis faza 72 72 73 73 74 75 75 Tavi 10 kadrebis specialuri momzadeba, testireba da sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebisa Setana saimitacio swavleba kadrebis specialuri momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebis regularulad Setana 77 77 77 78 danarTi 1 FAO-sa da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis laboratoriebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis 79 vii winasityvaoba Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris erT-erTi yvelaze seriozuli transsasazRvro daavadebaa RorebSi letalurobis maRali donisa da kidev imis gamo, rom mas mZime socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi mohyveba, igi swrafad da moulodnelad vrceldeba mTeli msoflios masStabiT da mis winaaRmdeg arc mkurnalobis saSualeba da arc vaqcina ar arsebobs. cxovelTa da mcenareTa mavneblebisa da transsasazRvro daavadebebisTvis sagangebo prevenciul RonisZiebaTa sistemis (EMPRES) miznebisTvis, transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebebi ganimarteba rogorc daavadebebi, romlebsac mravali qveynisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs ekonomikuri, savaWro da sakvebis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT; daavadebebi, romlebic iolad vrceldeba erTi qveynidan meoreSi da SeiZleba epidemiaSi gadaizardos; da daavadebebi, romlis kontroli, marTva da maT Soris gamoricxvac, saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas moiTxovs. cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) xmeleTis cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis kodeqsSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba Setanilia daavadebaTa “a” CamonaTvalSi, romlebic gansazRvrulia rogorc “gadamcemi daavadebebi, romlebic xasiaTdeba seriozuli SedegebiT da swrafad gavrcelebis unariT, miuxedavad saxelmwifo sazRvrebisa; Zalze mniSvnelovania ekonomikur-socialuri an adamianis janmrTelobis TvalsazrisiT; udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs cxovelebiT da cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebiT saerTSoriso vaWrobisTvis”. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo uzrunvelyofs informacias Roris afrikuli cxelebis bunebisa da am daavadebis prevenciis, amocnobis, kontrolisa da aRmofxvris principebisa da strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb. igi uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs daavadebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris saerTo erovnuli politikis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebiT im calkeuli qveynebisTvis, romlebic Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrcelebis safrTxis winaSe dganan. saxelmZRvanelo gansazRvravs im vet. personals, aRWurvilobasa da dawesebulebebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul erovnul sagangebo gegmaSi. igi gvTavazobs Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmis savaraudo formatsa da Sinaarss, romelSic Setanili unda iyos cvlilebebi calkeuli qveynebis saWiroebebsa da garemoebebTan mosargebad. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavda cxoevlTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis xmeleTis cxovelTa jandacvis moqmedi kodeqsis debulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. mizanSewonili iqneba mocemuli saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba cxovelTa daavadebebTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo situaciisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli gegmebis momzadebis Sesaxeb FAO-s saxelmZRvanelosTan erTad, romelSic 2008 wels Setanil iqna cvlilebebi da Sesworebebi. mocemul saxelmZRvanelosTan erTad rekomendebulia informaciis Semdegi wyaroebis gamoyeneba: x avstraliis veterinaruli gegma (AUSVETPLAN) daavadebasTan brZolis strategia: Roris afrikuli cxeleba, meore gamocema. 1996 w. kanbera. avstraliisa da axali zelandiis soflis meurneobisa da resursebis marTvis sabWo. viii x x x x x x xmeleTis cxovelTa jandacvis kodeqsi: ZuZumwovrebi, frinvelebi da futkrebi. 2007 w. tomi 2. parizi, OIE. saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa daavadebebTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo situaciisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis momzadebis Sesaxeb, meore gamocema. 2008 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 6 cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO. saxelmZRvanelo saqonlis daavadebaTa meTvalyureobisa da sainformacio sistemebis Sesaxeb. 1999 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 8 cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO. saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa likvidaciis meSveobiT daavadebaTa aRmofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb. 2001 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 12 cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO. penriti, m.l., tomsoni, j.r. da bastosi, a.d.s., 2004 w. Roris afrikuli cxeleba. j.a.v. kocerisa da r.c. tustinis redaqciaSi. pirutyvis infeqciuri daavadebebi, meore gamocema, tomi. 2, gv. 1087–1119. keiptauni, samxreT afrika, oqsfordis universitetis gamocema. Roris afrikuli cxelebis amocnoba –saxelmZRvanelo savele pirobebSi gamoyenebisTvis. 2000 w. saxelmZRvanelo # 9 cxovelTa janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. romi, FAO. mocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi regularulad iqneba Setanili cvlilebebi, SeZenili gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. saxelmZRvaneloSi Sesatan cvlielebTan dakavSirebiT Tqveni mosazrebebiTa da rekomendaciebiT mimarTeT: EMPRES (cxovelTa jandacva) FAO-s cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis samsaxuri mecxoveleobisa da cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis ganyofileba viale del terme di karakala, 00153 romi, italia tel.: 39 06 5705 4798/6772; faqsi: 39 06 5705 3023 el. fosta: [email protected]; URL: www.fao.org/ag/empres.html ix monawileebi mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo warmoadgens Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis sagangebo gegmebis momzadebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos ganaxlebul versias (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo #.11 cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, 2001 w.), romelic SemuSavda avstraliis sagangebo veterinaruli gegmis (AUSVETPLAN) formatis safuZvelze da romelSic garkveuli cvlilebebi iqna Setanili. avtorebi madlobas uxdian doq. preben boisens, devid niakahumas, rojer paskins, piter rodersa da mark rveiemamus (EMPRES-is mesaqonleobis ganyofileba, infeqciur daavadebaTa jgufi, cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuri, FAO) maT mier mocemuli saxelmZRvanelos sxvadasxva proeqtebTan dakavSirebiT SemoTavazebuli sasargeblo rekomendaciebisa da SeniSvnebisaTvis. avtorebi aseve madlobas uxdian doq. gari l. briklers, domeniko rutilis, salvatore montinarosa da andrea monakos maT mier ramodenime fotosuraTis uzrunvelyofisTvis. xi akronimebi da abreviaturebi ASF ASFV AUSVETPLAN CCEAD CSF CVO DCP DVS EDTA ELISA EMPRES FAO FMD GPS IATA IP NGO OIE PCR PDNS PRRS SS TAD TADinfo WAHID WHO Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi avstraliis veterinaruli sagangebo gegma sakonsultacio komiteti cxovelTa daavadebebTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo situaciebisTvis Roris klasikuri cxeleba qveynis mTavari veterianari saSiSi sakontaqto teritoria veterinaruli samsaxuris direqtori eTilendiaminis tetra-acetil mJava fermentTan dakavSirebuli imunoabsorbentuli analizi sagangebo mdgomareobis prevenciis sistema transsasazRvro cxovelTa da mcenareTa mavneblebisa da daavadebebisTvis gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia Turquli globaluri pozicionirebis sistema sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia inficirebuli teritoriebi arasamTavrobo organizacia cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizacia ( ) polimerazas jaWvuri reaqcia Roris dermatiti/nefropaTiuri sindromi Roris reproduqciuli da respiratoruli sindromi Svaiger-sideli transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadeba transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebis Sesaxeb informirebis sistema cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio sainformacio monacemTa baza msoflio jandacvis organizacia 1 Tavi 1 Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmis SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi sagangebo gegma Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis unda warmoadgendes mkafiod Camoyalibebul strategiul dokuments, romelSic gansazRvruli iqneba Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi misaRebi zomebi. masSi dawvrilebiT unda iyos aRwerili resursebi, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba amgvar sagangebo mdgomareobasTan gasamklaveblad. igi aseve unda Seicavdes dawvrilebiT SemuSavebul samoqmedo gegmas daavadebis myisierad lokalizebisa da infeqciis aRmosafxvrelad saWiro adamianuri da materialuri resursebis swrafad da efeqturad gamoyenebisTvis. marTalia, iseTi sagangebo gegmis modelis Seqmna, romelic srulyofilad moergeboda yvela situacias, SeuZlebelia, magram aq aRwerili sagangebo gegmis SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis SemuSavebis dros. savaraudod, Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegma unda Seicavdes im elementebs, roml ebic gamoyofilia winamdebare paragrafebSi. daavadebis buneba mocemul paragrafSi aRwerili unda iyos Roris afrikuli cxelebis ZiriTadi niSnebi, rogoricaa: x x x x x x etiologia, evolucia da gavrceleba msoflio masStabiT; epidemiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi; klinikuri niSnebi; paTologia; imunologia; diagnozi: savele, diferencirebuli da laboratoruli. aRniSnuli aspeqtebis umravlesoba zogadi xasiaTisaa da TiTqmis ucvlelad SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli, magram zogierTi maTgani SesaZloa Sesacvleli gaxdes im garemoebaTa asaxvis mizniT, romlebic ama Tu im qveyanaSi dominirebs. riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis analizi mniSvnelovania, radganac igi gviCvenebs ramdenad seriozulia qveynisTvis Roris afrikuli cxelebis safrTxe cxovelTa sxva daavadebebTan SedarebiT, sad da ra formiT SeiZleba ganviTardes Roris afrikuli cxeleba da rogori Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves mas. riskis analizi unda miuTiTebdes RonisZiebebis moculobaze, romelic gasaTvaliswinebelia sagangebo gegmis SemuSavebis dros da unda uzrunvelyofdes safuZvels daa- 2 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis vadebis kontrolis SerCeuli strategiebisTvis. riskis analizi Cveulebriv, oTx komponents Seicavs: riskis an safrTxis gansazRvra, riskis Sefaseba, riskis Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi da riskis Sesaxeb yvela dainteresebuli mxareebis informireba (mwarmoeblebi, praqtikosi veterinarebi, savaWro partniorebi, ministrebi, vet.muSakebi, momxmareblebi da a.S.). riskis analizi regularulad ganaxlebas saWiroebs iseTi cvalebadi sagareo da saSinao faqtorebis asaxvis mizniT, rogoricaa erovnuli da msoflio ekonomika, saerTaSoriso vaWroba da bazris koniunktura, Roris populaciis simWidrove (gareuli Rorebis CaTvliT), turizmi, cxovelTa jandacvis sistemebsa da samomxmareblo moTxovnebSi momxdari cvlilebebi. daavadebis prevenciis strategiebi daavadebis prevenciis strategiebi aRweren sakarantino, fermis teritoriaze biousafrTxoebasa da sxva RonisZiebebs, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes Roris afrikuli cxelebis qveyanaSi SemoRwevisa da gavrcelebis riskis minimumamde dasayvanad. winaswari gafrTxilebis sagangebo gegma sagangebo gegmebi unda moicavdes yvela iniciativas, romelic unda ganxorcieldes Roris afrikuli cxelebis gamovlenis, daZlevisa da salikvidacio RonisZiebaTa msvlelobis monitoringis uzrunvelsayofad manmade, vidre igi epidemiaSi gadaizrdeba. es moicavs daavadebis saeWvo SemTxvevis (SemTxvevebis) ganmartebas; daavadebis dadasturebuli SemTxvevebis ganmartebas; daavadebaze zedamxedveloba da epidemiologiuri SesaZleblobebi, rogoricaa daavadebis sagangebo SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis Setyobinebis meqnizmebi da cxovelTa janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informirebis sistemebi; vet.personalis, Roris mwarmoebelTa da bazris SuamavalTa specialuri momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis amocnobaSi, sazogadoebis informirebis programebi. Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris strategiebi vaqcinis ar arsebobis pirobebSi, romelime mocemul teritoriaze Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris erTaderT efeqtur strategiad tradiciisamebr miiCneven daavadebuli pirutyvis likvidacias. daavadebis kontrolis mimarT amgvari midgoma sul ufro naklebad misaRebi xdeba gamomdinare eTikuri, garemosdacviTi, finansuri da praqtikuli mosazrebebidan. marTalia is alternativebi, romlebic misaRebad SeiZleba CiTvalos, kvlavac sakamaTo sakiTxs warmoadgens, magram cxadia rom arsebuli garemoebebi unda karnaxobdes daavadebis kontrolisadmi qveynis mier ama Tu im midgomis arCevans da sinamdvileSi saerTod arsebobs Tu ara arCevani. am paragrafSi, romelic sagangebo gegmis mTavar komponents warmoadgens, aRwerili unda iyos rogor unda miudgeT daavadebis kontrols yvela im faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic ukavSirdeba qveyanaSi Roris warmoebas, distribuciasa da marTvas; gareuli Rorebis populaciebis arsebobasa da sakontrolo zomebis miRebis SesaZleblobas. igi unda gviCvenebdes daavadebis aRmofxvris dadasturebis meqnizmsa da Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan qveynis, zonis an romelime nawilis (raionis, regionis) gaTavsifulebis faqtis damtkicebas saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. erovnuli sagangebo gegmis SemoTavazebuli formati da Sinaarsi organizaciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis rogorc wesi, erovnuli veterinaruli samsaxurebis administraciuli struqturebi orientirebulia cxovelTa jandacvis mimdinare erovnuli programebis ganxorcielebaze da xSirad, sagangebo mdgomareobisas daavdebis kontrolisTvis ar arian mzad an saTanadod dafinansebuli. mocemul paragrafSi aRwerilia organizaciuli xasiaTis RonisZiebebi, romlebic SemoRebuli unda iqnes Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobis dros. es miznad isaxavs yvela aucilebeli resursis efeqturad dakompleqtebas, sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebisTvis. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi gansxvavdeba ama Tu im qveynis infrasturqturis, vet. samsaxurebis SesaZleblobebisa da biurokratuli meqanizmebis mixedviT. damxmare gegmebi damxmare gegmebi amyareben teqnikur gegmebs. isini moicaven safinanso da resursebis gegmebsa da aseve kanonmdeblobas. maT arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWebaT da swored isini gansazRvraven daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa warmatebas Tu warumateblobas. samoqmedo gegmebi samoqmedo gegmebSi aRwerilia gegmis fazebis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi, Tavdapirveli gamoZiebidan RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis saboloo fazamde; meqanizmebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba reabilitaciisa da aRdgenis fazebSi; momzadebis procesi mosaxleobis azris gamosakvlevad, erovnul sagangebo gegmaSi miRebuli gakveTilebis gaTvaliswinebis mizniT. danarTebi isini unda uzrunvelyofdnen sakontaqto pirebis sias da informacias maT misamarTebs, ofisisa da mobiluri (fiWuri) telefonis nomrebs, faqsis nomrebsa da el. fostis misamarTebs, romlis meSveobiTac maTTan dakavSireba 24 saaTian reJimSi iqneba SesaZlebeli. mniSvnelovania monacemTa periodulad ganaxleba. amasTan, sagangebo gegmis danarTebSi CarTuli unda iyos Semdegi: x regionuli da saerTaSoriso laboratoriebi, romelTac SeiZleba Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT mimarToT; x regionuli da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romelTac SeiZleba daxmarebisTvis mimarToT. danarTebi aseve unda Seicavdes informacias cxovelTa jandacvis erovnuli kanonebis Sesaxeb da ama Tu im qveyanasTan dakavSirebul sxva monacemebs, magaliTad Sinauri Rorebis raodenobisa da gavrcelebis agreTve, gareuli Rorebis populaciebis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo uzrunvelyofs mxolod CarCo gegmas, romlis mixedviTac SesaZlebeli iqneba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis SemuSaveba ama Tu im qveyanis konkretul garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. 3 5 Tavi 2 daavadebis buneba ganmarteba Roris afrikuli cxeleba - swrafad gadamdebi virusuli daavadebaa, romelic vlindeba rogorc hemoragiuli cxeleba da sikvdilianobis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba (SeiZleba miaRwios 100%). am daavadebis katastroful Sedegs Roris warmoebaze rogorc Sinameurneobis, aseve komerciul miznebisTvis, socialur-ekonomikuri da sakvebis usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT seriozuli garTulebebi mohyveba. Roris afrikuli cxeleba cxovelTa seriozuli transsasazRvro daavadebaa, romelic SeiZleba swrafad gavrceldes mTeli msoflios masStabiT. Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrceleba msoflioSi Roris afrikuli cxeleba pirvelad 1921 wels montgomeris mier aris aRwerili, keniaSi. SemdgomSi ki mis Sesaxeb informacia fiqsirdeba samxreT da aRmosavleT afrikis qveynebis umetesobaSi, sadac velur bunebaSi virusis matareblebi uZvelesi droidan meWeWiani Rorebi (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) da Ornithodoros moubata-s jgufis tkipebi arian an Sinaur garemoSi, sadac igi vrceldeba adgilobrivi jiSis RorebSi tkipebis meSveobiT an maT gareSe. 1957 wels es daavadeba gavrcelda portugaliaSi, sadac igi savaraudod angolidan iqna Setanili. miuxedavad imisa, rom maSin daavadebis aRmofxvra moxerxda, man xelmeored ifeTqa 1959 wels da momdevno aTwleulebSi mTlianad moicva pireneis naxevarkunZuli da evropis ramodenime sxva qveyanaSic gavrcelda maT Soris safrangeTSi, italiaSi, maltaSi, belgiasa da niderlandebSi. Tumca, Roris afrikulma cxelebam fexi moikida mxolod espaneTsa da portugaliaSi, sadac misi sabolood aRmofxvra mxolod 30 wlis Semdeg moxerxda. daavadeba dRemde endemurad rCeba kunZul sardiniaze (italia). 1999 wlis bolos daavadebam xelaxla ifeTqa portugaliaSi, Tumca, amjerad misi daZleva maleve moxerxda. 1977 wels, Roris afrikuli cxeleba gavrcelda kubaSi, sadac mis aRmofxvras 400 aTasamde Rori Seewira. 1978 wels, afeTqebebi dafiqsirda braziliasa da dominikis respublikaSi, 1979 wels - haitsa da 1980 wels - kubaze. daavadebis aRmofxvra am qveynebSi moxerxda mxolod Rorebis masobrivi ganadgurebis Sedegad. daavadebis afeTqebebi pirvelad evropaSi moxda Tu afrikaSi, kvlavac daudgenelia. arsebobs informacia, rom 1977 wels daavadeba dafiqsirda yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi. pirveli cnobebi dasavleT afrikaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis Sesaxeb miRebulia senegalidan (1978 w.) da kamerunidan (1982 w.). Tumca, Semdgom gairkva, rom nigeriaSi daavadebis afeTqebebi 1970-ian wlebSi moxda da rom kabo-verdeSi virusuli infeqcia 1960 wlidan arsebobs. centraluri afrikis qveynebidan gavrcelda infeqcia Tu evropidan, sakamaTo sakiTxia. san-tome da prinsipis garda (kunZulovani saxelmwifo centralur afrikaSi), sadac misi aRmofxvra 1992 wels moxda, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi dasavleT afrikis arc erT sxva qveyanaSi 1996 wlamde ar dafiqsirebula. 6 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis swored am dros daiwyo pandemia, romlis Sedegadac infeqciam pirvelad iCina Tavi ramodenime qveyanaSi da Roris afrikulma cxelebam xelaxla ifeTqa rogorc dasavleT, aseve samxreT da aRmosavleT afrikaSi. madagaskarSi virusi mZvinvarebs 1997/1998 wlebidan, xolo mavrikiaSi infeqcia 2007 wels gavrcelda. cxadia, rom afrikis mraval saxelmwifoSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis maRali aqtivoba, sxva regionebSi infeqciis gavrcelebis saSiSroebas warmoadgens. 2007 wlis ivnisSi Roris afrikuli cxeleba dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi da qveynis raionebis umetesoba moicva. oqtombrisTvis, Roris afrikuli cxleba dadasturda somxeTSi da aseve saqarTvelos sazRvarTan siaxloves, CeCneTSi (ruseTis federaciis samxreTiT), am daavadebisgan gareuli Rorebis jgufi daixoca. 2008 wels, daavadebis gavrceleba dadasturda ruseTis federaciis sxva teritoriebzec. etiologia Roris afrikuli cxelebis mizezi unikaluri dnm-is virusia, romelsac adre, morfologiuri msgavsebis gamo, iridovirusebis ojaxs (Iridoviridae) miakuTvnebdnen. dRes iTvleba, rom mas poqsvirusebis ojaxis (Poxviridae) wevrebTan ufro meti msgavseba gaaCnia da igi Roris afrikuli cxelebis msgavsi virusebis ojaxis (Asfarviridae) erTaderTi wevria (Asfivirus). dnm-is Semcveli virusebisTvis uCveuloa am virusis namdvili arbovirusiviT qceva, rac gulisxmobbs, rom mas rogorc xerxemlian, aseve uxerxemlo mtareblebSi gamravlebis unari gaaCnia. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxolod erTi serologiuri tipi arsebobs, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis 20-ze meti genotipi da gansxvavebuli virulentobis mravali qvetipia gamovlenili. epidemiologiuri niSnebi amTvisebeli saxeobebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mimarT mgrZnobeloba mxolod Roris ojaxis (Suidae) saxeobebs aReniSnebaT. Sinauri Rorebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mimarT maRali mgrZnobelobiT gamoirCevian, maTi asakis an sqesis ganurCevlad. Tumca, centralur afrikasa da garkveuli adgilobrivi jiSis Rorebis populaciebSi, gadarCenis koeficientebi mosalodnelze ufro maRal donezea dafiqsirebuli maSinac ki, rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqebebi virulenturi StamiTaa gamowveuli. virusis endemurma persistenciam, virulentobis maxasiaTeblebisgan damoukideblad, SeiZleba imoqmedos virusis mimarT Sinagani simdgradis seleqciaze Roris daucvel populaciebSi. am virusis mimarT mgrZnobeloba damaxasiaTebelia yvela gareuli afrikuli RorisTvis, magram maT klinikuri niSnebi ar uviTardebaT. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mTavari mtareblebi e.w meWeWiani Rorebi arian. aRmoCnda, rom Potamochoerus porcus da P. larvatus Rori da giganturi gareuli Rori Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis mtareblebi arian, magram daavadebis epidemiologiaSi maTi roli (Tu ki aseTi gaaCniaT) ucnobia. evropuli gareuli taxebi (Sus scrofa) Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisadmi maRali amTviseblobiT xasiaTdebian da maTSi sikvdilianobis done iseTive maRalia, rogorc Sinaur RorebSi. amerikaSi gareulma Rorebma, romlebic savaraudod, garkveulwilad evropuli gareuli Roris STamomavlebi arian, eqsperimentis dros infeqciis mimarT maRali mgrZnobeloba gamoavlines iseve, rogorc evropuli gareuli Roris moSinaurebulma STamomavlebma da Sinaurma Rorebma samxreT afrikaSi. im adgilebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cxelebis vurusi ar dafiqsirebula, sxva gareuli Rorebis mgrZnobeloba daavadebis buneba gamokvleuli ar aris. gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod collared peccary (Tayassu tajaccu), romelic virusis mimarT sruliad mdgradi aRmoCnda. adamianebs Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisadmi mgrZnobeloba ar axasiaTebT. virusis sicocxlisunarianoba garemoSi: Sesaferis cilovan garemoSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi stabiluri rCeba temperaturisa da pH maCvenebelTa didi diapazonis pirobebSi. gairkva, rom igi Zalas inarCunebs SratSi, oTaxis temperaturaze - 18 Tvis, gayinul sisxlSi - eqvsi wlis, xolo 37°C sisxlSi - erTi Tvis ganmavlobSi. virusis inaqtivacia xdeba 60°C temperaturaze, 30 wuTis manZilze gacxelebisas. laboratoriaSi, -70 °C temperaturaze, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi inficirebis unars ganusazRvreli droiT inarCunebs, magram misi inaqtivacia SesaZlebelia -20 °C temperaturaze xangrZlivi droiT Senaxvisas. cilovani, sazrdo garemos gareSe, misi sicocxliunarianobis periodi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi, pH 4-10 diapazonSi Cveulebriv stabiluria, magram rogorc gairkva, Sesaferis sazrdo garemoSi (SratSi), igi ramodenime saaTidan sam dRemde periodSi, ufro dabali da maRali maCveneblebis pirobebSic ki SeiZleba aqtiuri darCes. aucilebeli ar aris, rom gaxrwnam virusis inaqtivacia gamoiwvios: fekalSi igi minimum 11 dRe, gaxrwnil SratSi - 15 kvira, Zvlis tvinSi ki TveobiT cocxlobs. meores mxriv, gaxrwnili nimuSebidan virusis gamoyofa xSirad ver xerxdeba, SesaZloa im toqsikuri efeqtis gamo, romelsac ujredSida narCenebi da fermentebi kulturis sistemaze axdens. rodesac daculi ar aris, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis inaqtivacia swrafad miiRweva mzis Suqis zemoqmedebisa da gaSrobis Sedegad. aRmoCnda, rom tropikul qveynebSi, virusi 3-4 dReze mets xans ver cocxlobs im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac saRore ar aris dasufTavebuli da mas ara aqvs Catarebuli dezinfeqcia. Tumca, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusma SeiZleba maRali aqtivoba SeinarCunos cilebiT mdidar, tenian garemoSi (magaliTad, suspenziaSi). pH maCvenebelTa farTo diapazonis mimarT misi simdgradis Sedegad, Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisTvis efeqturia mxolod garkveuli saxis sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi. mtarebelSi: Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT dasnebovnebis Semdeg, Sinaur Rorebs aqtiuri virusis gavrcelebis unari aqvT 24-48 saaTamde periodis ganmavliobaSi manamde, vidre maT klinikuri niSnebi gamouvlindebaT. daavadebis mwvave periodSi, virusi intensiurad gamoiyofa yvela saxis sekreciebsa da eqskreciebSi da didi raodenobiT aris warmodgenili qsovilebsa da sisxlSi. Rorebi, romelTac daavadebis mwvave forma aqvT gadatanili, infeqciis mtareblebad SeiZleba ramodenime Tvis manZilze darCnen, magram 30 dRis Semdeg virusis gavrcelebis unars kargaven. iseve rogorc gareuli Rorebis SemTxvevaSi, virusi cocxlobs mxolod limfur kvanZebSi, sxva qsovilebSi ki virusis mier aqtivobis SenarCuneba inficirebidan maqsimum ori Tvis Semdeg, nakleb savaraudoa. rogorc gareul, aseve Sinaur RorebSi, zustad cnobili ar aris ra periodis ganmavlobaSi inarCunebs virusi infeqciis gadacemis unars limfoidur qsovilebSi da savaraudod, mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba TiToeul individualur SemTxvevaSi; Sinaur RorebSi es periodi, savaraudod, 3-4 Tves ar unda aRematebodes. Ornithodoros. am ojaxis tkipebi gansakuTrebiT did xans cocxloben da SeuZliaT Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi ramodenime wlis manZilze ataron da mxolod TandaTanobiT kargaven inficirebis unars. saRoreebSi mobinadre Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis roli Roris afrikuli cxelebis vi- 7 8 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis rusis SenarCunebasa da gadacemaSi, srulfasovnad iqna Seswavlili rogorc afrikaSi (malavi), aseve evropaSi. pireneis naxevarkunZulze, Ornithodoros erraticus ojaxis tkipebma mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli imas, rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba endemur daavadebad gadaiqca. savaraudod, swored am saxeobis tkipebma gamoiwvia daavadebis afeTqeba portugaliaSi, 1999 wels, rodesac Rorebi moaTavses mitovebul saRoreebSi, romlebSic es tkipebi jer-kidev binadrobdnen. karibis kunZulebsa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi gvxvdeba ramodenime saxis Ornithodoros tkipebi, romelTac Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis SenarCunebisa da gadacemis unari gaaCniaT, magram aRmoCnda rom karibis kunZulebze Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqeba maTi mizeziT ar yofila gamowveuli. sardiniaSi Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebi saerTod ar gvxvdeba. iseve rogorc Roris klasikuri cxelebis SemTxvevaSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi cocxlobs Sinaur RorebSi Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis gareSec. es faqti SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rom reproduqciis maRali donis gamo Rorebis did populaciebSi, romlebic aq mudmivad binadroben, isini viruss jer-kidev arainficirebul Rorebs gadascemen. cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebSi: Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi, romelic inaCunebs inficirebis unars sakveb produqtebSi, rogoricaa gacivebuli xorci (minimum 15 kviris ganmavlobaSi da gacilebiT ufro xangrZlivi droiT, Tu xorci gayinulia) da gamoyvanil lorsa da ZexvebSi, romlebic maRal temperaturaze damuSavebas ar gadian (samidan eqvs Tvemde), mniSvnelovan zegavlebas axdens Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis gavrcelebaze. arasakmarisad damuSavebuli, xmeli, Sebolili da damarilebuli Roris xorcisaUda Roris sisxlis an Zvlis fqvilis RorebisTvis sakvebad gamoyeneba, saxifaToa. daavadebis gadacema: tyis ciklis pirobebSi, meWeWian Rorebsa da Ornithodoros moubata kompleqsis agrasiul tkipebs Soris, virusis gadacema xdeba tkipebsa da axalSobil meWeWian Rorebs Soris, TviT tkipebSi da tkipebsa da Sinaur Rorebs Soris. mozrdili meWeWiani Rorebi, romelTac Roris afrikuli cxelebis aqtiuri virusi SeiZleba limfur kvanZebSi hqondeT, viruss ar avrceleben an viremia arasakmarisad aqvT ganviTarebuli sxva Rorebis an im tkipebis inficirebisTvis, romlebic maTi sisxliT ikvebebian. Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis gadacema xdeba transovarialuri, transstadialuri da sqesobrivi gziT, mamrebidan mdedrebze. mravalricxovani eqtoparazitebis da maT Soris, Roris rwyilis, munis tkipebisa da Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis garda sxva saxis tkipebis gamokvlevam, romlebic RorebiT ikvebebian (magaliTad, Rhipicephalus ojaxis tkipebi) aCvena, rom maT arc Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis SenarCunebis da arc misi meqanikurad gadacemis unari ar gaaCniaT. gairkva, rom virusis matarebeli mxolod Stomoxys gvaris buzankalia, romelic virusuli infeqciis gadacemis unars 24-48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi inarCunebs. epizootiis dros, inficirebuli Rorebis sekreciebsa da eqskreciebTan pirdapiri kontaqti virusis gadacemis yvelaze mniSvnelovani gzaa. infeqciis gadacema Cveulebriv oronazaluri gziT xdeba. Tu daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebebi daunergavia, maSin Roris mwarmoeblebsa da mevaWreebs saswrafod gadahyavT Rorebi sxva adgilas da amgvarad cdiloben Tavi daaRwion daavadebas da ar Seasrulon Rorebis savaldebulo wesiT dakvlis moTxovna, romelic maTTvis kompensaciis gadaxdas ar iTvalsiwinebs. garemos Zlieri dabinZurebis SemTxvevaSi arsebobs Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis gavrcelebis SesaZlebloba e.w fomitebis (satransporto saSualebebi, aRWurviloba, iaraRebi da tanisamosi) meSveobiT. arsebobs daavadebis iatrogenuli (specialistis mizeziT) gavrcelebis albaToba dabinZurebuli nemsebidan, romlebsac saTanadod sterilizaciis an Secvlis gareSe iyeneben Roris klasikuri cxelebis winaaRmdeg acrebis gasakeTeblad 9 daavadebis buneba suraTi – 1 Tavisuflad moxetiale cxovelebi daavadebis gavrcelebis erT-erT umTavres problemas warmoadgens. an iseTi baqteriuli daavadebis mkurnalobis dros, rogoricaa wiTeli qari. miuxedavad imisa, rom nagavi xSirad mdinareebsa da wylis sxva wyaroebSi iyreba, infeqciis wyliT gadacema nakleb savaraudoa, vinaidan wyalSi virusi Zalas kargavs. magram daxocili cxovelebis wyalSi gadayris SemTxvevaSi, narCenebis sakvebad moxmarebis Sedegad infeqciis gavrcelebis albaToba Zalze maRalia. wyalSi narCenebis gadayra rekomendebuli ar aris aseve sxva sanitarul-higienuri da garemosdacviTi mosazrebebidan gamomdinare. 10 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis haer-wveTovani gziT infeqciis gadacema mxolod Zalian mokle manZilzea SesaZlebeli. salafaviT Rorebis kveba, miTumetes Tu igi TviTmfrinavisa da gemis samzareulos narCenebs Seicavs, daavadebisgan Tavisufal zonebSi infeqciis Semotanis mTavari wyaroa. salafavi, romelic mTlianad inficirebuli Roris xorcisgan Sedgeba, an mas didi odenobiT Seicavs, infeqciis gavrcelebis SesaZlo wyaros warmoadgens da savaraudod, daavadebis mravali afeTqeba swored am mizeziT aris gamowveuli. adamianis mier Roris xorcis nagavSi gadayrili inficirebuli narCenebiT Rorebi, ZiriTadad, ikvebebian iq, sadac maT Tavisuflad xetialis saSualebas aZleven. daavadebis afeTqebis Sedegad Rorebis daxocvisas, didi odenobiT inficirebuli Roris xorci xdeba xelmisawvdomi. am dros uxvad morCenili xorci zogierTma SeiZleba Sesanaxad daamarilos an sxvagvarad daamuSaos. magram amgvari damuSavebis Sedegad virusis inaqtivacia ar miiRweva, rac kidev ufro zrdis aseTi xorciT Rorebis gamokvebasTan dakavSirebul risks. klinikuri niSnebi inkubaciuri periodi xuTidan TxuTmet dRemde grZeldeba. klinikurad daavadeba Cveulebriv, zemwvave an mwvave formiT mimdinareobs da letaluri Sedegic maleve dgeba. evropisa da karibis auzis qveynebSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba qvemwvave da qronikuli formebiT ganviTarda (romlebsac ufro xangrZlivi periodi axasiaTebs, magram letaluri Sedegi mainc gardauvalia), radganac inficireba gamowveuli iyo dabali virulentobis virusebiT. magram, afrikaSi aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaTad gvxvdeba, rac imis momaswavebelia, rom cnobili virusebis umetesoba virulenturia. sikvdilianobis maRali done, yvela asakis RorebSi, Roris afrikuli an klasikuri cxelebis mTavari maCvenebelia. imisaTvis, rom gavigoT da Sevafasod Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusuli infeqciis klinikuri niSnebis ganviTareba, ZiriTadi mizezebis didi nawili SeiZleba mivawerod anTebiTi citokinis (proteinebis ojaxi, romelic gamoiyofa inficirebuli an stimulirebuli ujredis mier) sistemur da lokalur gamoyofas, e.w. warmonaqmnis nekrozis alfa (TNF- ) faqtori. cnobilia, rom TNF- monawileobs Roris afrikuli cxelebis mkafiod gamokveTili klinikuri gamovlinebebis paTogenezSi, rogoricaa intravaskularuli koagulopaTia da Trombocitopenia, qsovilis lokaluri dazianeba da sisxlCaqceva, ujredebis nekrozi da Soki. Roris afrikuli cxelebis zemwvave forma Cveulebriv, Rorebi, prodromaluri niSnebis gareSe ixocebian. am dros isini wolas arCeven, aReniSnebaT maRali temperatura, razec TeTri feris RorebSi muclis arisa da kidurebis gawiTleba miuTiTebs. sikvdilis win zogierTi cxoveli iwyebs TavSesafaris Zebnas, cdilobs SequCebas, sunTqva xSiri da zedapiruli xdeba. Roris afrikuli cxelebis mwvave forma Rorebs mudmivad aqvT sicxe da am dros temperaturam SeiZleba 42 °C gradusamde miaRwios. isini apaTiurebi xdebian da anoreqsia uviTardebaT. cdiloben erTad SequCebas, CrdilSi moqcevas, zogjer Zlieri wyurvili awuxebT da naklebad moZraoben. TeTri feris Rorebs cianozi uviTardebaT: kans molurjo feri dahkravs, gansakuTrebiT yurebze, kidurebis qveda nawilSi da muclis areSi. aReniSnebaT lorwovan-Cirqovani gamonadeni Tvalebidan da cxviridan. aseve SeiZleba gamoavlinon muclis tkivilis niSnebi, rogori- 11 daavadebis buneba cxrili 1 Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis veqtoris kompetenciis mokle mimoxilva, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis gadacemis WrilSi. Ornithodoros geografiuli gavrceleba transovarialuri transstadialuri RorebSi SeniSvnebi O. marocanus = O. erraticus pireneis naxevarkunZuli da CrdiloeTi afrika ara diax diax binadrobs saRoreebSi da ganagrZobs cikls Sinauri Rorebis organizmSi O. porcinus porcinus samxreTi da aRmosavleTi afrika diax diax diax O. porcinus domesticus samxreTi da aRmosavleTi afrika diax diax diax O. moubata samxreTi da aRmosavleTi afrika (sahara), madagaskari, erTi Setyobineba sierra leonedan (meWeWiani Roris soro) O. coriaceus aSS ara diax diax O. turicata aSS ? ? diax laboratorul pirobebSi virusis gadacema ar moxda, magram velze Segrovebul nimuSebSi virusis gadacema efeqturad Sedga O. parkeri aSS ? ? ara Roris afrikuli cxelebis viruss ar gadascems, magram gamosakvlevad xelmisawvdomi iyo mxolod is nimuSebi, romlebic 15-wliani laboratoruli koloniidan iqna mopovebuli O. puertoricensis karibis kunZulebi O. savignyi dasavleT-samxreT afrika O. sonrai saheli CrdiloeT afrikaSi (samxreT senegalamde) diax diax diax ? ? diax binadrobs meWeWiani Rorebis soroebSi da ganagrZobs cikls meWeWiani Rorebis organizmSi binadrobs saRoreebSi da ganagrZobs cikls Sinauri Rorebis organizmSi laboratorul pirobebSi veqtori efeqturi aRmoCnda, magram haitis kunZulsa da dominikis respublikaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebebis dros didi raodenobiT Segrovebul nimuSebSi, virusi ar aRmoCnda udabnos tkipaa, romelic ar asocirdeba Sinaur an meWeWian RorebTan Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusuli genomi, romelic polimerazas jaWvuri reaqciiT (PCR testi) gamovlinda 4/36 tkipebSi im fermebze, sadac afeTqebebi 2004 da 2005 wlebSi moxda sxva veqtorebi Stomoxys calcitrans i unari aqvs SeinarCunos Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi da gadasces igi Rorebs caa zurgis amozneqva, uxerxuli moZraobebi da Cliqis gverdulad amortyma. am dros damaxasiaTebelia gulis reva. Rorebs aseve SeiZleba ganuviTardes kuWis Sekruloba (sisxliTa da lorwoTi dafaruli mcire zomis, mkvrivi fekali) an diarea (dabinZurebuli kudi da sazardulis are). ukana kidure- 12 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis bis sisustis gamo, Cveulebriv irRveva moZraobis koordinaciac (ataqsia). uZneldebaT sunTqva. zogjer, pirsa da nestoebze aReniSnebaT qafi (SesaZloa sisxliani), rac filtvebis SeSupebaze miuTiTebs, romelic xSirad sikvdilis ZiriTadi mizezi xdeba. Rorebs, romlebic ufro didxans cocxloben, SeiZleba ganuviTardeT nervuli movlenebi, maT Soris virusuli encefalitiT/vaskulitiT gamowveuli an terminaluri konvulsiebi (krunCxva). lorwovan garssa da kanze SeiZleba SesamCnevi gaxdes sisxlCaqcevebi - wertilovanidan (peteqialuri) ufro msxvil (ekximozidan gvamis laqebisTvis damaxasuraTi 2 adreuli klinikuri niSnebi, rogoricaa cxeleba, Sejgufeba, cianozi daavadebis buneba siaTebel silurjemde) sisxlCaqcevebamde. cxelebis gamo Rorebs makeoba SeiZleba nebismier dros Seuwydes, vinaidan aSkaraa, rom infeqcia e.w vertikalurad (STamomavlobas) ar gadaicema. klinikuri niSnebis xangrZlioba Cveulebriv ufro moklea (oridan Svid dRemde), magram SeiZleba ufro did xansac gagrZeldes da moCvenebiT gamojanmrTelebis recidivi da sasikvdilo Sedegi mohyves. sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 100 procents uaxlovdeba. mwvave infeqciis gadatanis Semdeg gamojanmrTelebuli Rorebi, rogorc wesi, daavadebis simptomebs ar avlenen. Roris afrikuli cxelebis qvemwvave forma Rorebs, romlebic dasnebovnebis Semdeg (Cveulebriv naklebad virulenturi StamebiT) ufro did xans cocxloben, SeiZleba aReniSnebodeT arastabiluri temperatura da rogorc wesi, maTi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba uaresdeba. ZiriTadad, maT aqvT intersticialuri pnevmonia, romelmac SeiZleba respiratoruli ukmarisoba da sveli xvela gamoiwvios. aseve SesaZlebelia meoradi baqteriuli infeqciis warmoSoba, saxsrebis tkivili da SeSupeba. sikvdilis dadgoma SesaZlebelia ramodenime kviridan ramodenime Tvemde gagrZeldes, an SesaZlebelia Rorebi gamojanmrTeldnen an daavadebam qronikuli forma miiRos. kardialurma darRvevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios sikvdili gulis mwvave an qronikuli ukmarisobis Sedegad. Roris afrikuli cxelebis qronikuli forma qronikulad inficirebuli Rorebi, rogorc wesi, ukiduresad gamxdrebi da sustebi arian. aqvT grZeli, bzinvareba dakarguli jagari. SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos pnevmoniis niSnebi aseve koWloba, sisxlCaqcevebi da wylulebi. rodesac Roris janmrTelobis mdgomareoba imdenad cudia, rom Rorebi SeZleba daavaddes meoradi baqteriuli infeqciebiT. maT SeiZleba ramodenime Tve icocxlon, magram gadarCenis Sansi naklebad aqvT. paTologia saerTo paTologia Rorebs, romlebic Roris afrikuli cxelebis zemwvave formiT ganviTarebis Sedegad daixocnen, sisxliani gamonadenis da sxeulis sxvadsxva RruSi siTxis umniSvnelod dagrovebis garda, romelic Cveulebriv Tan axlavs uecar sikvdils, SeiZleba aseve mcire odenobiT mZime dazianebebic aReniSnebodes. Roris afrikuli cxelebis mwvave formis SemTxvevaSi, gvami xSirad karg mdgomareobaSi gvxvdeba. TeTri feris RorebSi, kidurebisa da muclis Rrus zedapirze SesaZloa SeimCneodes silurje da kanqveSa sisxlCaqcevebi. lorwovani garsi xSirad gajerebulia sisxliT da masze aRiniSneba sisxlCaqcevebi. gvamis gakveTisas, sxeulis Rruebsa da perikardiumSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes baci yviTeli feris an sisxliani siTxe. rogorc wesi, organoebi gajerebulia sisxliT da serozian zedapirebze SeiZleba aReniSnebodes sisxlCaqcevebi. wertilovani sisxlCaqcevebi xSirad SesamCnevia Tirkmelis qerqovan nivTierebaSi, elenTis kafsulasa da filtvebSi. ufro msxvili zomis sisxlCaqcevebi xSirad gvxvdeba epikardiumsa da endokardiumze agreTve kuW-nawlavis serozul garsze. elenTa SeiZleba iyos odnav an mniSvnelovnad gadidebuli, rbili da muqi feris, momrgvalebuli kideebiT. SeiZleba periferuli infarqti ganviTardes, ra SemTxvevaSic elenTa umniSvnelod iqneba gadidebuli. limfuri kvanZebi, gansakuTrebiT ki gastrohepaTiuri, mezenterialuri, renaluri da ybisqveSa limfuri kvanZebi gadidebulia, Zlierad hemoragiulia da xSirad sisxlis koltebs gvagonebs. xSiria kuWis lorwovani garsis gadatvirTva, ramac SeiZleba sisxldena da zogjer nekrozic ki gamoiwvios; sisxldena SeiZleba naRvlisa da Sardis buStSic ganviTardes. SesaZlebelia SeimCneodes naRvlis 13 14 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis buStis kedlebis baci yviTeli feris Jelatinisebri gasqeleba. filtvebis kolafsi ar aRiniSneba, isini gadidebulia siTxis dagrovebis gamo ise, rom interlobularuli (nawilebSorisi) tixrebi mkafiod aris gamokveTili. gakveTili zedapirebidan gamoiyofa siTxe da qafi, traqeia xSirad qafiT aris amovsebuli, romelic sisxlnarevi SeiZleba iyos. Cveulebriv saxezea mZime Trombocitopenia, romelic gamowveulia koagulopaTiis mimdinareobiT da megakariocitebze (Zvlis tvinis giganturi birTvi) virusis pirdapiri moqmedebis Sedegs ar warmoadgens. sikvdils xSirad win uswrebs diseminirebuli (infic.agentebis da simsivnuri ujredebi) SidasisxlZarRvuli Sededeba. Roris afrikuli cxelebis qvemwave da qronikuli formebis mTavari niSnebia: Rorebis mier kondiciis dakargva srul gamofitvamde, intersticialuri pnevmonia da gadidebuli limfuri kvanZebi, romlebic daavadebis qronikuli formis dros SeiZleba gamagrebuli da boWkovani iyos. histopaTologia paTologiuri cvlilebebi miewereba virusis zemoqmedebas makrofagebze, romelic iwvevs am ujredebis masobriv ganadgurebas, romelsac Tan axlavs citokinebis gamoyofa. Roris afrikuli cxelebis yvelaze TvalSisacemi histopaTologiuri niSania Zlieri karioreqsisi (ujredis daSlis procesi) limfoidur qsovilebSi, romelsac xSirad Tan axlavs sisxldenebi. faqtobrivad xdeba elenTis Svaiger-sidelis apkis (S-S) obliteracia. sisxlZarRvebis kedlebi, gansakuTrebiT limfoidur qsovilebSi, xSirad gamoxataven fibrinoidur cvlilebas endoTeliumis nekrozisa da anTebiTi mediatorebis gaJonvis Sedegad, sxva cvlilebebi miocavs intersticialur pnevmonias, fibrinisa da makrofagebis dagrovebiT; Tirkmelis arxis degradacias, hialinuri wveTebis absorbciiT; portaluri traqtebis infiltracias, makrofagebiT RviZlSi da limfocitarul meningoencefalits. imuniteti rogorc meWeWian, aseve Sinaur Rorebs, romlebmac Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis umwvavesi an mwvave klinikuri formebi gadaitanes, antisxeulebi SratSi warmoeSvebaT Svididan Tormet dRemde periodSi, klinikuri niSnebis pirvelad gamovlinebis Semdeg da xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi unarCundebaT (SesaZloa mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi). isini ar uzrunvelyofen Sinauri Rorebis srulad dacvas SemdgomSi infeqciiT dasnebovnebisagan, Tumca cnobilia, rom maT garkveuli imuniteti uviTardebaT virusis homologiuri StamebiT dasnebovnebisadmi. serologiurad dadebiTi diagnozis mqone mdedri Rorebi xseniT gadascemen antisxeulebs ZuZuTa goWebs. infeqciis qvemwvave da qronikuli formebis mqone RorebSi, virusis replikacia grZeldeba antisxeulebis arsebobis miuxedavad. daavadebis am formiT ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli mravali dazianeba SeiZleba aixsnas imunuri kompleqsebis dagrovebiT qsovilebSi. vinaidan Roris afrikuli cxelebis winaaRmdeg vaqcina ar arsebobs, antisxeulebis gamovlena RorebSi udaod SeiZleba mivaweroT maT eqspozicias bunebrivi infeqciisadmi. serologiuri jvaredini reaqciebi sxva virusebTan cnobili ar aris. diagnozi diagnosis dasma savele pirobebSi Cveulebriv, sikvdilianobis maRali done yvela asakobrivi jgufis RorebSi Roris afrikuli an Roris klasikuri cxelebis Zlieri eWvis safuZvels 15 daavadebis buneba iZleva. damatebiTi indikatorebi, tipiuri klinikuri niSnebia: organoTa dazianebebi, romlebic Roris cxelebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, rom daavadeba antibiotikebiT mkurnalobas ar eqvemdebareba da daavadebis niSnebi sxva Sinaur cxovels ar aReniSneba. Roris afrikuli da klasikuri cxelebis da sxva paTologiebis laboratorul pirobebSi diferencirebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. diferencirebuli diagnozi Roris Wiris anu Roris klasikuri cxlebis diferencirebuli diagnozi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnostirebisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovania. klinikuri niSnebi da makroskopiuri dazianebebi SeiZleba identuri iyos da iseTi meoradi xasiaTis sxvaobebi, romlebic zemoTaa aRwerili, paTognomiuri (mTavari ganmasxvavebeli) an Tavsebadi araa. dazianebebi, rogoricaa Riliseburi wylulebi ileocekalur saxsrebze (rogorc mocemulia Roris klasikuri cxelebis aRwerilobaSi) arc Tu ise xSiria da elenTis infarqti orive SemTxvevaSi daaxloebiT igive sixSiriT gvxvdeba. maSasadame, Roris cxelebis nebismier saeWvo SemTxvevaSi absoluturad aucilebelia laboratoruli diagnozis dasma. Roris afrikuli cxeleba klinikurad SeiZleba mivamsgavsoT ramodenime sxva daavadebas: x Roris sxva virusuli daavadebebi, romelTac ramodenime saerTo niSani aqvT Roris afrikuli cxelebasTan, aris Roris reproduqciuli da respiratoruli sindromi (PRRS), romelmac SeiZleba RorebSi maRali sikvdilianoba gamoiwvios. aseve Roris dermatiti/nefropaTiis sindromi (PDNS), romelic erT-erTi im daavadebaTgania, romelic asocirdeba Roris cirkovirusis 2 infeqciasTan. Cveulebriv PDNS gvxvdeba burvakebSi da xasiaTdeba laqiseburidan koaliscenturamde (koncentrtrebuli, gamagrebuli) kanis dazianebebiT (gansakuTrebiT ukana kidurebis areSi) da mwvave nefroziT. daavadebis gadacemis Sansi naklebia, magram daavadebuli Rorebis gadarCena praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. suraTi 3 sisxlis nimuSebis aReba daavadebis diagnostirebasa da zedamxedvelobisaTvis 16 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis x baqteriuli septikuri daavadebebi, rogoricaa wiTeli qari, pasterelozi da salmonelozi Cveulebriv damaxasiaTebelia konkretuli asakobrivi jgufisTvis. es daavadebebi SedarebiT iSviaTad gvxdeba, xasiaTdeba ufro dabali sikvdilianobis koeficientiT, eqvemdebareba mkurnalobas Sesabamisi antibaqteriuli preparatebiT da diagnozis dadasturebas baqteriuli da histopaTologiuri gamokvlevis Sedegad. mwvave da sistematuri formiT gamovlinebisas, cimbiruli wyluli SeiZleba ganixilos rogorc diferencirebuli diagnozi, Tumca RorebSi es daavadeba Cveulebriv faringealuri formiT gvxvdeba, romelic kargad aris gamoxatuli da Roris afrikuli cxelebasTan cota ram aqvs saerTo. x zookumariniT (valfarini) mowamvlva; organizmSi virTxis sawamlavis moxvedris Sedegad, iwvevs Zlier sisxldenasa da xSirad sasikvdilo Sedegs; Tumca, savaraudod, koltSi daavadeba sul ramodenime Rors SeiZleba daemarTos da nekrofsiis Semdeg sisxlis Sededeba ar aRiniSneba. x daobebuli sakvebis miRebis Sedegad sokoTi mowamlvam, rogoricaa aflatoqsikozi da staqibotriotoqsikozi, SeiZleba gamoiwvios Zlieri sisxldena da sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgoma da staqibotriotoqsikozis SemTexvevaSi – gamokveTili karioreqsisi limfoidur qsovilebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom am daavadebebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgoma nebismier asakobriv jgufSi, Cveulebriv igi Rorebis garkveuli jgufebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, rac ganpirobebulia imiT, rom sxvadasxva asakis Rorebs sxvadasxva kvebis racionebi miewodebaT. diagnozis dadastureba xdeba sakvebis an RviZlis analizis safuZvelze, romlis ganxorcielebac mxolod saTanadod aRWurvil sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriebSia SesaZlebeli. x SemTxveviTma an araSemTxveviTma mwvave mowamlvam drois Zalian mcire monakveTSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgoma yvela asakis RorebSi, ra periodic nebismier SemTxvevaSi ufro mokle iqneba vidre Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevaSi da klinikuri niSnebi da dazianebebi (Tu ki aseTi aRiniSneba) gansxvavebuli iqneba vidre cxelebisas. diagnozis dadastureba xdeba kuW-nawlavis Semadgenlobis an organoebis toqsikologiuri analizis safuZvelze. Roris afrikuli cxelebis qvemwvave da qronikuli formebis garCeva Roris klasikuri cxelebisgan da Roris dacemis sxva mizezebisgan rTulia. diagnozis dasma SeiZleba aseve garTuldes meoradi infeqciebis arsebobis gamo. laboratoruli diagnozi Roris afrikuli cxelebis savaraudo diagnozis laboratoriaSi dadastureba damokidebulia virusis an antisxeulebis gamovlenaze. vinaidan Rorebis umetesoba daavadebis mwvave formisas, Roris afrikuli cxelebis antisxeulebis waromSobamde ixoceba, virusis gamovlena diagnozis dasmis yvelaze mniSvnelovani meTodia. dawvrilebiTi miTiTebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis laboratoruli sadiagnostiko procedurebTan dakavSirebiT mocemulia cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) saxelmZRvaneloSi sadiagnostiko testebisa da vaqcniebis standartebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli warmoadgens mokle mimoxilvas, romelSic yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im analizebze, romlebic yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba. daavadebis buneba sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segroveba da transportireba: virusis izolirebis/ antisxeulebis gamovlenisTvis sasurvelia Semdegi nimuSebis Segroveba: x qsovilis nimuSebi limfuri kvanZebidan, elenTidan da limfuri jirkvlebidan, romlebic sterilurad unda Segrovdes da inaxebodes gaciebul, magram ara gayinul mdgomareobaSi; x Seudedebeli sisxli, romelic sterilurad unda Segrovdes cxelebis mqone Rorebisagan da moTavsdes eTilendiaminis tetra-acetil mJavaSi (EDTA) an heparinSi (iisferi an mwvane feris sacobian sinjarebSi) cxelebis dawyebidan maqsimum xuT dRemde vadaSi; Tu nimuSebis Semowmebas polimerazas jaWvuri reaqciiT (PCR reaqcia) apirebT, maSin mxolod EDTA unda gamoiyenoT; x im SemTxvevebSi, sadac nimuSebis Sesagroveblad mxolod gaxrwnili Roris narCenebia xelmisawvdomi, specialuri testebis gansaxorcieleblad, rogoricaa PCR-testi, sanimuSo qsovilad gamodgeba Zvlis tvini. antisxeulebis gamosavlenad, sisxlis nimuSebi unda Segrovdes wiTeli feris (anu koagulantis gareSe) sacobian sinjarebSi/vakutainerebSi. sasurvel nimuSTan dakavSirebiT miTiTebebis miwodeba unda moxdes im laboratoriisagan, romelic axorcielebs sadiagnostiko testebs. mTeli rigi qsovilebisa – elenTa, linfuri kvanZebi, filtvi, RviZli, Tirkmeli da tvini – histologiuri gamokvlevisTvis da imunoperoqsidazis meSveobiT virusis gamosavlenad, SeiZleba Seinaxos 10 procentian buferul formalinis xsnarSi. sisxlisa da arakonservirebuli qsovilis nimuSebis gadasatanad isini jer unda gacivdes da Semdeg moTavsdes yinulSi an gayinuli gelis paketebSi. Tu ki arsebobs galRobis albaToba, an gayinva SeuZlebelia, umateben steriluri glicerozalinis 50 procentian xsnars (50% gliceroli da 0.8% NaCl), romelic uzrunvelyofs saTanado konservaciis pirobebs da imavdroulad, virusuli kulturis gamoyofis SesaZleblobas. antibiotikebis damateba – 200 erTeuli penicilini da 200 mg/ml streptomicini – xels SeuSlis baqtericidul aqtivobas. formol-gliceromarilis gamoyeneba (50% glicerolmarili: 1/2 10% buferuli formalini, 1/2 gliceroliT) uzrunvelyofs virusuli dnm-is gamovlenis SesaZleblobas, magram am SemTxvevaSi kulturis gamoyvana SeuZlebeli iqneba. Tu kulturis gamoyvana gsurT, maSin gayinva rekomendebuli ar aris, radganac -20°C temperaturaze SesaZlebelia Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis inaqtivacia moxdes. gadatanamde, Tu es SesaZlebelia, Sratis nimuSebi centrifugaSi unda damuSavdes an koltebi unda mocildes. Segrovebis Semdeg, serologiisTvis gankuTvnili sisxlis nimuSebi oTaxis temperaturaze inaxeba sakmarisi drois ganmavlobaSi imisaTvis, rom gayinvamde koltebis mocileba iyos SesaZlebeli. sinjarebi pirqve unda ganTavsdes imisaTvis, rom kolti sacobTan erTad iolad mocildes, ris Semdegac sacobi unda Seicvalos. Semdeg nimuSebi yinulze Tavsdeba iseve, rogorc es qsovilis nimuSebis Senaxvis wesSia aRwerili, an iyineba. arakonservirebuli sadiagnostiko nimuSebi unda moTavsdes magar wyalgaumtar konteinerSi (Cveulebriv iyeneben plastmasis xraxnian qilas, an specialurad sisxlisTvis an SratisTvis gankuTvnil konteiners), romelic unda SeifuTos absorbentul masalaSi da amgvarad moTavsdes meore hermetul konteinerSi (Cveulebriv, iyeneben Tboizolaciis mqone plastmasis an penoplastis yuTs), romelic sabolood myar gare SefuTvaSi unda moTavsdes. amis Semdeg, pakets ekvreba wyalgamZle melniT dawerili iarliyi da igi igzavneba adgilobriv an saerTaSoriso laboratoriaSi. Tu nimuSebis gadatana Tbili 17 18 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis klimatis pirobebSi xdeba velidan adgilbriv laboratoriaSi, maSin mizanSewonili iqneba Tboizolaciis mqone yinuliani an gamyinavi paketebis SeZena. nimuSebis sahaero transportiT gagzavna unda moxdes sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciis (IATA-s) wesebis dacviT. informacia gadamzidvelis Sesaxeb, satvirTo zednadebis nomeri da Camosvlis dro laboratorias winaswar unda ecnobos. mimReb laboratoriasTan winaswar dakavSireba aucilebelia imis uzrunvelsayofad, raTa gagzavnil pakets droulad daxvdnen da rom yvela instruqcia daculi iyos (eqsportisa da importis nebarTvebis CaTliT). yvela nimuSs Tan unda axldes ZiriTadi informacia: mflobelis saxeli da gvari, misamarTi, mokle istoria (daxocili Rorebis raodenoba da daxocvis TariRebi, Rorebis asaki da klinikuri niSnebi), nimuSebis Segrovebis TariRebi, daavadebis saeWvo diagnozi da sadiagnostikod aucilebeli testebi. Tu ramodenime nimuSia Cabarebuli, TiToeuls unda daekras iarliyi an mieces nomeri, romelic dawerili iqneba wyalgamZle melniT da miuTiTebs TandarTul informaciaze. laboratoruli diagnozis dasma unda xdebodes mxolod specialurad momzadebuli personalis mier saTanadod aRWurvil laboratoriebSi. virusis izolacia: izolacia unda moxdes mxolod saTanadod aRWurvil laboratoriebSi, romlebSic SesaZlebelia qsovilis kulturis gamoyvana da funqcionaluri aqtivobis SenarCuneba savele nimuSebis ararsebobis pirobebSi. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis izolireba SesaZlebelia Roris pirveladi leikocitis kulturebis inokulaciisa da Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis Semdgomi identifikaciis Sedegad sisxlis adsorbaciis an citopaTiuri efeqtis meSveobiT. citopaTiuri efeqti Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisTvis specifiuri ar aris da sxva testebiT unda iyos dadasturebuli. cocxali Rorebis gamoyeneba sadiagnostiko miznebisTvis xdeboda manamde, vidre sxva meTodebi ar iqna SemoRebuli. antigenis gamovlena: SesaZlebelia Semdegi testebis gamoyeneba: x imunofluorescenculi antigenebis pirdapiri testi; x myarfaziani imunofermentuli analizi (ELISA); x histologiuri nimuSebis imunoperoqsidazuli Seferva; es arCeviTi testi ar aris, radganac mis momzadebas 24 saaTi mainc sWirdeba da testis Catareba mxolod iseT laboratoriaSia SesaZlebeli, romelic saTanadod aris aRWurvili histopaTologiis analizis Casatareblad; Tumca, erTaderTi xelmisawvdomi nimuSis formalinSi Senaxva sasargeblo iqneba. virusuli genetikuri masalebis gamovlena: PCR protokolebi xelmisawvdomia Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnostirebisaTvis. PCR testi maRali mgrZnobelobisa da Zalze specifiuri testia da jvaredini dabinZurebis SesaZleblobis gamo, misi gamoyeneba xdeba mxolod iseT laboratoriebSi, romlebSic uzrunvelyofilia biousafrTxoebis aucilebeli done da xorcieldeba am meTodis gamoyenebaSi specialuri momzadebisa da gamocdilebis mqone personalis mier. antisxeulebis gamovlena: serologiuri testebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis, moicavs: x ELISA - testi, romelic yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba da miRebulia saerTaSoriso vaWroaSi misi maRali mgrZnobiarobisa da specifikurobis gamo; x fluoroscenculi antisxeulebis iribi testi; x imunobloTingi; x Semxvedri imunoforezis testi; (testi, romelsac ELISA testis SemoRebamde irCevdnen). 19 Tavi 3 riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis Sesavali riskis analizi xSirad adamianis yoveldRiuri yofisa da profesiuli moRvaweobis intuiciur nawils Seadgens, magram ufro formalur disciplinad igi mxolod am cota xnis win Camoyalibda da dRes, mas sul ufro xSirad mimarTaven saqmianobis mraval sferoSi. cxovelTa jandacvis sferoSi riskis Sefasebas albaT yvelaze farTod iyeneben, radganac igi exmareba sakarantino RonisZiebaTa gatarebasa da qveyanaSi Semotanili cxovelebisa da cxoveluri produqtebis janmrTelobisTvis Sesaferisi pirobebis Seqmnis strategiebis gansazRvraSi. Tumca, SesaZloa, rom mism gamoyenebam aseve mniSvnelovani adgili daikavos cxovelTa daavadebebisTvis mzadyofnis sagangebo gegmebis SemuSavebis procesSic. riskis analizis principebi riskis analizi oTx komponents moicavs, esenia: riskis dadgena, riskis Sefaseba, riskis marTva da riskis Sesaxeb informaciis Setyobineba. riskis dadgena mocemuli komponentis farglebSi xdeba safrTxis an safrTxeebis warmoSobis albaTobis dadgena, cnoba da amosavali informaciis mopoveba da Seswavla (mag. samecniero kvlevebis Sesaxeb literaturisa da sxva monacemTa daxmarebiT). riskis Sefaseba mocemuli komponentis farglebSi xdeba im safrTxeebis dadgena da aRwera, romlebic SeiZleba warmoiSvas ama Tu im movlenis an konkretuli moqmedebis Sedegad. Semdgom, amgvari safrTxeebis warmoSobis albaTobis, anu riskis Sefaseba xdeba. safrTxeebiT gamowveuli SesaZlo Sedegebi ganisazRvreba riskis SefasebaSi cvlilebebis Sesatanad maTi gamoyenebis mizniT. magaliTad, qveyanaSi gavrcelebis maRali riskis mqone egzotikur daavadebas riskis SefasebaSi dabali saerTo qula mieniWeba, Tu misi damkvidrebis riski dabalia, an Tu misi SesaZlo socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi qveynisTvis umniSvneloa. qveyanaSi gavrcelebis dabali riskis daavadebas, romelic Semdgom damkvidrebis maRali riskiT xasiaTdeba, an romelsac SeiZleba mZime socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi mohyves, ufro maRali qula eniWeba. riskebis Sefaseba SeiZleba iyos raodenobrivi, naxevrad-raodenobrivi am xarisxobrivi. realobaSi mraval biologiur sistemaSi arsebuli riskis raodenobrivad gansazRvra an misTvis albaTobiTi raodenobis miniWeba rTulia, istoriuli precedentebis naklebobisa da im seriozuli xarvezebis gamo, romlebic CvenTvis xelmisawvdom biologiur monacemebSi arsebobs. egzotikuri daavadebebisTvis rekomendebulia raodenobrivi riskis Sefasebebis 20 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis gamoyeneba. riskebi SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc ukiduresi, maRali, saSualo an dabali, an mivaniWoT qulebi martivi Skalis mixedviT, magaliTad 1-dan 5-mde - riskis donisTvis da 1 dan 5-mde - SesaZlo Sedegebis donisTvis (socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi, Sedegebi saarsebo SesaZleblobebsa da sakvebis usafrTxoebaze, Sedegebi Sida da saerTaSoriso vaWrobaze, zoonozur potencialze, safrTxis dadgenis an gakontrolebis SeuZleblobis albaToba, sxva populaciebze gadacemis SesaZlebloba da gansakuTrebiT gareul cxovelebze da a.S.). riskis marTva es aris riskebisa da maTi Sedegebis dadgenis, dokumenturad asaxvisa da Semcirebis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis procesi. marTalia riskis srulad aRmofxvra SeuZlebelia, magram am komponentis mizania axali procedurebis SemoReba, an ukve arsebulis Secvla riskis donis Sesamcireblad im donemde, romelic dasaSvebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. faqtobrivad, SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo mTlianobaSi uzrunvelyofs riskis marTvis bazas, rac warmoadgens safuZvels Roris afrikuli cxelebis sawinaaRmdego sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dasagegmad. riskis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla es warmoadgens riskis Sesaxeb informaciisa da mosazrebebis gacvlis process, riskis analitikosebsa da dainteresebul mxareTa Soris. mocemul konteqstSi dainteresebuli mxareebi arian yvela isini, vinc SeiZleba riskebis/ safrTxeebis zemoqmedebis qveS moeqcnen, anu yvela dawyebuli fermerebidan da damTavrebuli politikosebiT. mniSvnelovnia am adamianebTan riskis Sefasebisa da riskis marTvis strategiebis srulfasovnad ganxilva, raTa davarwmunoT isini, rom zedmeti riskebi gamoricxuli iqneba da rom riskis marTvis xarjebi gamarTlebul sadazRvevo politikas uzrunvelyofs. gadawyvetilebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, riskis analitikosebma da gadawyvetilebebis mimRebma pirebma, riskis analizis ganxorcielebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi, konsultaciebi unda awarmoon dainteresebul mxareebTan imisaTvis, rom riskis marTvis strategiebSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyos dainteresebul mxareTa interesebi da miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi srulad iqnes gacnobierebuli da mxardaWerili. vin unda ganaxorcielos riskis analizi? riskis Sefasebis komponents yvelaze kargad axorcielebs erovnuli vet. samsaxuris epidemiologiuri erTeuli, rogorc transsasazRvro da cxovelTa sxva sagangebo daavadebaTa Sesaxeb winaswari Setyobinebis erovnuli sistemis nawili. riskis marTva da riskis Sesaxeb informaciis gacvla yvela uwyebis movaleobaa, magram am movaleobaTa koordinacias vet.samsaxuris ufrosi (CVO) unda anxorcielebdes. unda gvaxsovdes, rom riskebi ucvleli ar rCeba. isini icvlebian iseT faqtorebTan erTad, rogoricaa Sinauri saqonlis epidemiur daavadebaTa evolucia da msoflio masStabiT gavrceleba agreTve axali daavadebebis ganviTareba da aseve saerTaSoriso vaWrobis modelebis Secvla qveyanaSi. riskis analizi unda ganixilebodes ara rogorc erTjeradi RonisZieba, aramed rogorc RonisZieba, romelic aucileblad saWiroebs sistematurad gadaxedvasa da ganaxlebas. riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis Sefaseba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis rogorc wina paragrafebSia aRwerili, riskis Sefaseba moicavs safrTxeebis dadgenas, maTi warmoSobis albaTobis gansazRvrasa da riskebis klasifikaciis Secvlas maTi SesaZlo Sedegebis Sefasebis safuZvelze. erovnuli vet.samsaxuris epidemiologiuri erTeulis yoveldRiur movaleobebSi unda Sediodes Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva mniSvnelovani transsasazRvro daavadebebis saerTaSoriso statusis da maTi afeTqebebis evoluciisa da uaxles samecniero monacemTa monitoringis mudmivad warmoeba. iseve rogorc samecniero-kvleviTi literature. oficialuri informaciis yvelaze saimedo wyaros warmoadgens cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis publikaciebi, rogoricaa daavadebis Sesaxeb yovelkvireuli angariSebi da FAO/OIE/WHO wliuri angariSebi cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis cxovelTa janmrTelobis Sesaxeb sainformacio monacemTa baza (WAHID). daavadebaTa gamovlena SesaZlebelia aseve sxva wyaroebidan, rogoricaa FAO, cxovelTa warmoebaSi da cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvaSi monawile regionuli organizaciebi, sazRvargareT soflis meurneobis dargSi moRvawe ataSeebi, eleqtronuli fostiT gadacemuli axali ambebi da cxovelTa janmrTelobis Sesaxeb internet-saitebi. egzotikur daavadebebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebis gansazRvrisa da CamoTvlis Semdeg, momdevno nabiji iTvaliswinebs qveyanaSi TiToeuli daavadebis gavrcelebis riskis seriozulobis da maT Soris im gzebisa da meqanizmebis Sefasebas, romliTac daavadebam SeiZleba qveyanaSi SeaRwios. aq gasaTvaliswinebelia ramodenime faqtori: x rogoria dRes-dReobiT daavadebaTa (rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxeleba) geografiuli ganawileba msoflioSi da sad aris dafiqsirebuli daavadebis gavrcelebis yvelaze maRali koeficienti? x daavadeba sakmaod stabiluria, Tu ukanasknel periodSi cnobili gaxda informacia misi gavrcelebis Sesaxeb sxva qveynebSi, regionebSi an kontinentebze? x ramdenad axlosaa daavadeba? rogori mdgomareobaa mezobel qveynebSi, sadac cnobilia rom dafiqsirda Roris afrikuli cxeleba da ramdenad darwmunebuli arian es qveynebi TavianTi vet.samsaxurebis SesaZleblobaSi gamoavlinon da gaakontrolon daavadebis afeTqebebi? x Tu ki mezobel qveynebSi dafiqsirebulia daavadebis SemTxvevebi, sad xdeba daavadebis afeTqebebi yvelaze axlos saerTo sazRvarTan? x adrec Tu yofila dafiqsirebuli Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevebi qveyanaSi? arsebobs Tu ara imis SesaZlebloba, rom infeqciis daudgeneli endemuri kerebi kvlavac arsebobdes Sinaur an gareul RorebSi? x rogor xdeba daavadebis gavrceleba? ra rols TamaSoben cocxali cxovelebi, genetikuri masala, Roris xorci an sxva cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebi da aseve tkipebi da migrirebuli cxovelebi etiologiuri agentis gadacemaSi? x arsebobs Tu ara Roris afrikuli cxelebiT dasnebovnebuli cxovelebis, xorcproduqtebis an sxva masalebis importirebasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani risk faqtori? xom ar xdeba maTi Semotana endemuri regionebidan? Seesabameba Tu ara sakarantino importis oqmebi cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis standartebs? ramdenad saimedoa importis sakarantino procedurebi? x ramdenad saimedoa sabariero an sasazRvro sakarantino procedurebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis risk faqtoris mqone masalebis qveya- 21 22 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis naSi ukanonod Semotanis Tavidan acilebis TvalsazrisiT (gemisa da TviTmfrinavis samzareulos narCenebis CaTvliT)? x warmoadgens Tu ara Rorebis salafaviT kveba miRebul praqtikas qveyanaSi? arsebobs Tu ara Sesabamisi procedurebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs amgvari sakvebis usafrTxoebas? x arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi saqonlis kontrabandis, araoficialurad gadaadgilebisa da zamTris saZovrebidan sazafxulo saZovrebze gadarekvis praqtika, romelic SeiZleba Roris afrikuli cxelebis Semotanis riskTan iyos dakavSirebuli? kerZod, mezobel qveynebSi Tu aqvs adgili saxalxo gamosvlebs, romelic SeiZleba adaimianebis masobrivi gadaadgilebis an saqonlis mitovebis mizezi gaxdes? momdevno nabiji moicavs imis Sefasebas, Tu ramdenad seriozuli socialur-ekonomikuri Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves daavadebis gavrcelebas qveyanaSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT kidev ramodenime faqtoria gasaTvaliswinebeli: x arsebobs Tu ara imis albaToba, rom daavadebam fexi moikidos qveyanaSi? arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi cxovelTa iseTi populaciebi da maT Soris velur bunebaSi, romlebic mgrZnobiare arian daavadebisadmi? x gaaCniaT Tu ara sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriebs saTanado aRWurviloba da specialurad momzadebuli personali imisaTvis, rom infeqciis gamovlena swrafad moxdes? x rTuli iqneba Tu ara daavadebis swrafad amocnoba qveynis sxvadsxva regionebSi? x Sinauri Roris ramdenad didi populaciebi arsebobs qveyanaSi? ramdenad mniSvnelovania Roris warmoeba erovnuli ekonomikisTvis? ra mniSvneloba aqvs Roris warmoebas qveynis mosaxleobis kvebisa da sxva saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebisTvis? x rogor aris organizebuli Roris warmoeba qveyanaSi? arsebobs Tu ara Roris msxvili warmoeba, Tu Roris warmoeba mxolod sasoflo-sameurneo SinameurneobaTa doneze xdeba? Roris warmoebiT qveynis mxolod ramodenime raionia dakavebuli? x ramdenad seriozuli iqneba daavadebiT gamowveuli sawarmoo danakargebi? imoqmedebs es Tu ara sakvebis usafrTxoebaze? x ra Sedegs iqoniebs daavadeba cxovelTa da cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis eqsportze? ra Sedegs moaxdens igi sagareo vaWrobaze? x arsebobs Tu ara gareuli Rorebis populaciebi an Sinauri Rorebi, romlebic kontrolis gareSe, Tavisuflad daxetialoben? warmoadgenen Tu ara isini Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis rezervuarebs, romlebic Znelad eqvemdebarebian kontrols? x dafiqsirebulia Tu ara qveyanaSi Ornithodoros spp. ojaxis tkipebis arseboba, romlebic virusis matareblebi arian da misi gadacemis unari gaaCniaT; aqvT Tu ara kontaqti RorebTan? x ramdenad rTuli iqneba daavadebis kontroli da aRmofxvra da ra xarjebTan iqneba es dakavSirebuli? SesaZlebeli iqneba Tu ara daavadebis aRmofxvra? aRniSnuli sakiTxebisa da problemebis ganxilva analitikosebs Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis profilis agebisa da daavadebiT Seqmnili riskis sididis raodenobrivad Sefasebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. rac yvelze mniSvnelovania, igi iZleva warmodgenas Roris afrikuli cxelebis riskis kategoriis Sesaxeb sxva maRali prioritetis mqone daavadebaTa riskTan mimarTebaSi da ra resursebi unda iqnes gamoyofili Roris afrikuli cxelebis mzadyofnisTvis im resursebTan SedarebiT, romlebic sxva daavadebebisTvis aris gamoyofili. igi aseve iZleva warmodgenas imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan aris mosalodneli daavadebis gavrceleba qveyanaSi da rogor unda gaZlierdes riskis analizi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis Roris afrikul cxelebasTan brZolisTvis vet.samsaxurebis resursebi da rogor unda moxdes sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva. mocemuli informaciiT SegiZliaT ixelmZRvaneloT gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevis dafiqsirebisas arsebuli garemoebebisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi kontrolis strategiis SerCevis Taobaze. riskis Sefasebis mniSvneloba Roris afrikuli cxelebis sagangebo gegmebis momzadebisTvis zemoT aRwerili riskis Sefaseba mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom: x gadavwyvitoT ra adgili uWiravs Roris afrikul cxelebas qveynisTvis, daavadebiT gamowveul seriozul safrTxeTa prioritetebis siaSi da sxva daavadebebTan SedarebiT ra donis resursebis mobilizacia unda movaxdinoT masTan brZolis mosamzadeblad; x gadavwyvitoT, sad da rogor unda moxdes sakarantino protokolebisa da procedurebis gaZliereba; x gavarkvioT, rogor xdeba Roris warmoeba da Rorisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis marketingi qveynis yvela regionSi; x gadavwyvitoT, sad da rogor unda moxdes laboratoruli diagnostirebis SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba; x davgegmoT vet.personalisTvis specialuri momzadebis kursebi da fermerTa cnobierebis donis amaRlebisa da sainformacio kampaniebis ganxorcieleba; x gadavwyvitoT, sad da rogor unda moxdes daavadebis kontrolis gaZliereba; x davgegmoT daavadebaze reagirebis saTanado strategiebi. sasargeblo meTodologiis Sesaxeb Semdgomi wasakiTxi masala makdiarmidi, s.c. da faro, h.j. 2003 w. riskis analizi: Sefaseba, marTva da informaciis gacvla. samecniro-teqnikuri gamocema, 22(2): 397–408. . urbina-amarisi, Mm.e. 2003 w. specializebuli riskis analizis jgufis roli ganviTarebadi qveynis vet.samsaxurSi. samecniro-teqnikuri gamocema, 22(2): 587–595. . n. miurei. 2004 w. saxelmZRvanelo qveyanaSi daavadebaTa Semotanis riskis analizis Sesaxeb, cxovelebisa da cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebisTvis, tomi I, daavadebis sivrculi da raodenobrivi riskis analizi; da tomi II, raodenobrivi riskis analizi. parizi, cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizacia (OIE). 23 25 Tavi 4 Roris afrikuli cxelebis prevenciis strategiebi Sesavali Zveli gamoTqma, rom mkurnalobas prevencia sjobia, gansakuTrebiT samarTliania Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva transsasazRvro daavadebebTan mimarTebaSi. karantini am daavadebebisagan Tavdacvis pirveli xazia (anu cocxali Rorebis winaswar moTavseba karantinSi), cocxali cxovelebisa da produqtebis gadaadgilebis marTvasa da sazRvrebis gadakveTis kontrolTan erTad. yvela qveyanam unda moaxdinos saTanado donis resursebis mobilizacia efeqturi sasazRvro da importis sakarantino RonisZiebebis gasatareblad, romlebic xels SeuSlis saqonlis seriozuli daavadebebis gavrcelebas qveyanaSi. Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis riskis analizi unda uzrunvelyofdes Semdeg Sefasebebs: x daavadebis qveyanaSi SeRwevis riskis xarisxi; x Roris afrikuli cxelebis qveyanaSi SeRwevis savaraudo teritoriebi da meqanizmebi; x ramdenad seriozuli SeiZleba iyos daavadebis qveyanaSi SeRwevis Sedegebi. es Sefasebebi unda uzrunvelyofdes safuZvels Roris afrikuli cxelebis prevenciis strategiebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebisTvis, saTanado resursebis mobilizaciis meSveobiT. Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da saqonlis sxva daavadebaTa prevenciaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtoria pirutyvis informirebuli mepatrone an fermis mmarTveli. Roris mepatroneebma (warmoebis yvela doneze) unda icodnen rogorc amoicnon Roris afrikuli cxeleba da rogor imoqmedon Roris daavadebaze eWvis gaCenisas. amis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod fermerTa intensiuri specialuri momzadebis Sedegad im saSualebaTa gamoyenebiT, romlebic maTTvis gasagebi, TvalsaCino iqneba da mudam Seaxsenebs daavadebisa da misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. aseTi sainformacio Tu SemecnebiTi xasiaTis masalebi sakmaod farTo speqtris unda iyos da moicavdes rogorc Roris afrikul cxelebas, aseve im sxva paTologiebsac, romlebic SeiZleba SecdomiT Roris afrikul cxelebad iqnes miCneuli. imisaTvis, rom calkeuli fermerebis gadasawyveti ar iyos warmoadgens Tu ara romelime konkretuli SemTxveva Roris afrikuli cxelebas, aucilebelia mWidro sainformacio kavSirebis SemoReba saqonlis mesakuTreebsa da vetsamsaxurebs Soris, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba informaciis Setyobineba Roris masobrivi daxocvis an nebismieri msgavsi problemebis arsebobis Sesaxeb romlebic fermerTa Cveulebrivi gamocdilebis farglebs scildeba. adgilobrivi xelisufleba da soflis meurneobis dargis muSakebi informirebuli unda iyvnen Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Suamavlis roli iTaon. yovel dRe mxolod pirutyvis mepatrones an fermis mmarTvels aqvs cxovelebTan kontaqti da swored amitom, cxovelTa daavade- 26 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis bis yoveldRiuri kontrolis mxriv, amgvarad informirebuli mepatroneebi realurad erTaderT saimedo resurs warmoadgenen. importis sakarantino politika cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis xmeleTis cxovelTa janmrTelobis kodeqsi (2007 wlis gamocema, Tavi 2.6.6) uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs Sinauri da gareuli Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da xorcproduqtebis, Roris spermis, embrionebis, kvercxujredebisa da Roris qsovilebis Semcveli sxva produqtebis (rogoricaa farmacevtuli preparatebi) usafrTxod importirebisTvis (www.oie.int). didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakarantino da inspeqtirebis samsaxurebis muSaobas, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon Roris xorcisa an Roris xorcis produqtebis Semcveli sakvebi produqtebisa da im sxva sarisko masalebis dakaveba, romlebic qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso aeroportebidan, navsadgurebidan da sasazRvro saguSagoebidan Semodis. nebismieri CamorTmeuli risk Semcveli masala aucileblad usafrTxod unda ganTavsdes – Rrmad Caimarxos an daiwvas, iseve rogorc samzareulos narCenebi, romelic moipoveba saerTaSoriso aeroportebsa da navsadgurebze. magaliTad, evrokomisiam SemoiRo pirveli kategoriis sarisko masalebis CamonaTvali, romelSic miTiTebulia ukiduresad maRali riskis masalebi. kontroli salafaviT kvebaze RorebisTvis sakvebad iseTi salafavis miwodeba, romelic Seicavs adamianis sakvebis narCenebsa da maT Soris SesaZloa cxoveluri warmoSobis importirebul produqtebsac, mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da maT Soris transsasazRvro cxovelTa sxva seriozuli daavadebebis Semotanas (rogoricaa Turquli, Roris vezikularuli daavadeba da Roris klasikuri cxeleba). amitom, Rorebis salafaviT kveba unda aikrZalos an amaze kontroli mainc unda iyos dawesebuli, romelic uzrunvelyofs aseTi sakvebis uvneblobas. dauSvebelia pirutyvis gamokveba salafaviT, romelic saerTaSoriso aeroportebis an navsadgurebis samzareulos narCenebs Seicavs, vinaidan es qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebebis gavrcelebis Zalze maRal riskTan aris dakavSirebuli. arsebobs didi albaToba, rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba swored am gziT iqna Semotanili dasavleT evropaSi, laTinuri amerikis qveynebsa da saqarTveloSi. daavadebaTa profilaqtikis TvalsazrisiT, sasurvelia Rorebis salafaviT kvebis akrZalva, magram SinameurneobaTa doneze am moTxovnis Sesrulebis gakontroleba SeuZlebelia. unda gvaxsovdes, rom uwinares yovlisa Rorebis moSinaureba swored imitom moxda, rom maT sxvadsxva saxis dabali xarisxis sakvebis da maT Soris, adamianis sakvebis organuli narCenebis, maRali xarisxis proteinSi gadamuSavebis unari aqvT. soflad, qalaqis periferiebsa da qalaqad, Roris bevr mwarmoebels ekonomiuri garemoebebi karnaxobs, rom gamoiyenon kvebis nebismieri xelmisawvdomi wyaro da unda vivaraudoT, rom qalaqad da qalaqis periferiebSi, kvebis aseT wyaros salafavi warmoadgens. Roris mwarmoeblebisTvis daavadebis Tavidan acilebis erTaderTi gza arsebuli safrTxeebis gacnobierebaa: Roris mwarmoeblebma Tavad unda uzrunvelyon, rom RorebisTvis sakvebis saxiT salafavis miwodebamde, igi jer aucileblad unda wamoduRdes (15-20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi). iq, sadac siRaribis done maRalia, kanoni, rogorc wesi, ar kanonobs. maregulirebel RonisZiebebTan Sesabamisobas uzrunvelyofs riskisa da misi daZlevis praqtikuli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb informirebuloba. im qveynebSi, sadac Roris warmoeba sakamod maRal donezea ganviTarebuli, fermerebma SeiZleba dai- Roris afrikuli cxelebis prevenciis strategiebi cvan moTxovna salafaviT Rorebis kvebis akrZalvasTan dakavSirebiT, vinaidan maT kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli, rom Tanamedrove ekonomikis pirobebSi, Roris salafaviT kvebiT saukeTeso Sedegebis miRweva SeuZlebelia. Rorebis Caketil pirobebSi Senaxva is faqti, rom Rorebis didi raodenoba Tavisuflad an saTanado kontrolis gareSe daxetialobs, safrTxes uqmnis qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis Semotanasa da swrafad gavrcelebas. amgvarad daavadebis amocnoba SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad dagviandes da Sesabamisad, misi aRmofxvrac ufro rTuli iqneba. am mxriv, yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgendes is, rom SesaZloa soflis SemogarenSi an nagavsayrelebze es Rorebi daxocili Roris narCenebiT da ufro metic, afrikuli cxelebisgan daxocili Roris narCenebiT ikvebebian. aucilebelia iseTi zomebis miReba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs saTanado saRoreebis aSenebas da Seamcirebs nagavsayrelebze Tavisuflad moxetiale Rorebis raodenobas, gansakuTrebiT ki im adgilebSi, sadac iTveleba rom Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrcelebis maRali riski arsebobs. cnobilia, rom infeqciis gavrcelebis prevenciis uzrunvelsayofad sakmarisia, Tundac fermis doneze, minimaluri biousafrTxoebis pirobebis dacva. aucilebelia, rom Roris mwarmoebebma, Roris warmoebis yvela doneze, Zalisxmeva ar daiSuron imisaTvis, rom gaaumjobeson fermaze arsebuli biousafrTxoebis pirobebi. amgvarad SesaZlebeli iqneba ara mxolod iseTi daavadebebis gakontroleba, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli da klasikuri cxeleba da Roris cisticerkozi, aramed mwarmoeblurobis donis amaRleba, rasac Sesabamisad Sedegad mohyveba Semosavlebis donis gazrda Roris mcire mwarmoeblebisTvis. mcire fermerTa dasaxmareblad aseve xeli unda Seewyos Roris mwarmoebelTa organizaciebis Camoyalibebas. cxadia, rom mraval qveyanaSi Rorebis Senaxvis tradiciuli meTodebi erT dReSi ver Seicvleba da rom Rorebis mudmivad Caketil pirobebSi Senaxva Roris mesakuTreebs kvebasTan dakavSirebiT iseT valdebulebebs akisrebs, romlis Sesrulebac maT SeiZleba ver moaxerxon. vidre alternatiuli kvebis wyaroebi srulyofilad ar iqneba gamokvleuli, Roris bevri mwarmoebeli Rorebis Caketil pirobeSi Senaxvaze ar daTanaxmdeba. axlo momavalSi mxolod imis imedi unda viqonioT, rom informirebuli Roris mwarmoeblebi gaacnobiereben, ra safrTxes warmoadgens Roris narCenebis nagavsayrelze gadayra maSin, rodesac Rorebs Tavisuflad xetialisa da nagavsayrelze sakvebis moZiebis SesaZlebloba aqvT. aucilebelia Roris warmoebis gaumjobesebis erovnuli politikis SemuSaveba, romelSic gansazRvruli iqneba kvebis wyaroebi, romlebic fizikurad da materialurad xelmisavdomi iqneba. 27 29 Tavi 5 daavadebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba da Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva Sesavali daavadebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba xdeba daavadebis zedamxedvelobis, swrafad Setyobinebisa da epidemiologiuri analizis safuZvelze, rac miznad isaxavs daavadebisa da infeqciis afeTqebaTa gavrcelebisa da qcevis Sesaxeb informirebulobisa da codnis donis amaRlebas. es moicavs regionisa da msoflio masStabiT daavadebis gamokvlevas vet.samsaxurebis epidemiologiuri erTeulebis mier, romelebic riskis Sefasebaze SesaZlo zegavlenis mqone cvlilebaTa interpretirebas axdenen. informirebulobis amgvarad gazrdili done unda uzrunvelyofdes iseTi seriozuli daavadebebis swrafad gamovlenas, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxeleba, misi qveyanaSi Semotanis an daavadebis SemTxvevaTa ricxvis uecrad momatebis SemTxvevaSi manamde, vidre igi epidemiaSi gadaizrdeba da seriozul socialurekonomikur Sedegebs gamoiwvevs. daavedebis Sesaxeb winaswari gafrTxileba daavadebis wyarosa da afeTqebebis gavrcelebis prognozirebisa da daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa efeqturobis monitoringis SesaZleblobas uzrunvelyofs. (globalur doneze ixileT, magaliTad, . . . ). ama Tu im qveynis mier Roris afrikuli cxelebis qveyanis teritoriaze Semotanis an daavadebis SemTxvevaTa gazrdili ricxvis gamovlenaSi miRweuli warmateba, damokidebulia Semdeg faqtorebze, rogoricaa: x Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva, maRali safrTxis, epidemiur daavadebaTa Sesaxeb informirebis kargi programebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs vet.samsaxuris muSakTa da fermerTa Soris informaciis gacvlis sistemis gaumjobesebas; x daavadebis saeWvo da dadasturebul SemTxvevaTa ganmarteba da maT Sesaxeb gancxadeba; x savele vet.samsaxuris muSakebis, damxmare vet. personalis, adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da Roris mesakuTreebis specialuri momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da pirutyvis sxva seriozuli epidemiuri daavadebebis klinikuri niSnebisa da saerTo paTologiebis amocnobis sakiTxebSi; x sadiagnostiko nimuSebis dauyovnebliv Segroveba da laboratoriaSi gadagzavna; x klinikuri daavadebis savele pirobebSi gamokvlevebis garda, Roris mesakuTreTa da savele da laboratorul/epidemiologiur vet.samsaxurebs Soris mWidro koordinaciaze damyarebuli uwyveti aqtiuri zedamxedvelobis warmoeba, daavadebis pasiuri monitoringis gasamyare- 30 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis blad. monawile mxareebisTvis gankuTvnili kiTxvarebis, serologiuri kvelevebisa da sasaklaoebis monitoringis meSveobiT; x saimedo meqanizmebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs daavadebis Sesaxeb informaciis sagangebo reJimSi Setyobinebas regionuli, federaluri da erovnuli vet.samsaxurebis StabisTvis; x daavadebaTa Sesaxeb infromirebis kompiuteruli sistemis danergva, rogoricaa transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebebisTvis sainformacio sistema(TADinfo) da kerZod FAO/EMPRES-is kompiuteruli programa; x vet.laboratoriebSi laboratoruli diagnostikis resursebis gaZliereba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis da maT Soris, maTi CarTva rkalur sistemaSi, precipitaciis reaqciis regionul da saerTaSoriso testebSi; x kavSirebis ganviTareba erovnul laboratoriebsa da miTiTebul regionul da msoflio laboratoriebs Soris; x mWidro TanamSromloba savele samsaxurebsa da sadiagnostiko vet. laboratoriebs Soris; x erovnuli epidemiologiuri samsaxurebis resursebis gaZliereba daavadebasTan brZolisTvis mzadyofnisa da misi marTvis mxardasaWerad; x cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciisTvis (OIE), mezobeli qveynebisa da savaWro partniorebisTvis, daavadebis Sesaxeb dauyovneblovi da amomwuravi informaciis Setyobinebis saerTaSoriso sistema. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelos formati ar iTvaliswinebs yvela aRniSnuli sakiTxis dawvrilebiT ganxilvas. dawvrilebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa daavadebebTan brZolisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli sagangebo gegmebis momzadebis Sesaxeb (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, # 6) da saxelmZRvanelo Sinauri cxovelebis davaadebaTa kontrolisa da sainformacio sistemebis Sesaxeb (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb, # 8). Roris afrikuli cxelebis ganmarteba daavadebis gavrcelebis axali teritoriebisTvis (kavkasiis regioni) daavadebis saeWvo SemTxveva nebismieri calkeuli Rori an Rorebis jgufi, romelsac aReniSneba: 1. klinikuri niSnebi: 2. paTologia: x maRali sicxe (> 41.5°C) x nervuli aSliloba x sikvdilianobis maRali koeficienti (> 30 procenti, yvela asakobrivi jgufisTvis) x uecari sikvdili, winaswari klinikuri niSnebis gareSe; x hemoragiuli limfuri kvanZebi x gadidebuli da sisxliT gajerebuli elenTa; 3. istoria fermis teritoriaze axali Roris Semoyvanis, an salafaviT kvebis praqtikis, an nagavsayrelze Rorebis sakvebad gaSvebis Sesaxeb. daavadebis dadasturebuli SemTxveva – laboratoria Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis antisxeulebze Catarebuli testis dadebiTi pasuxi (nebismieri testi) klinikuri daavadebis epidemiologiuri monacemebi; an Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis dadastureba: Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusis (ASFV) an genetikuri komponentis gamovlena laboratorul doneze winaswari gafrTxileba da sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva cxovelTa jandacvis sferos muSakTa specialuri momzadeba daavadebis adreul etapze amocnobis da sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebisa da gagzavnis sakiTxebSi im qveynebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevebi saerTod an ukve mravali welia ar yofila dafiqsirebuli an pirvelad aris dafiqsirebuli, iseTi veterinarebi an cxovelTa jandacvis sferos sxva muSakebi, romelTac daavadebasTan uSualo Sexebis gamocdileba gaaCniaT, savaraudod, naklebad moiZebneba rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve kerZo seqtorSi. igive SeiZleba iTqvas transsasazRvro cxovelTa sxva daavadebebTan dakavSirebiTac. es nakli unda gamoswordes specialuri momzadebis programebis meSveobiT, romlebic gankuTvnilia yvela im vet.samsaxurebis muSakebisTvis, romelTac SeiZleba pirvel rigSi mouwios am an sxva daavadebis SemTxvevasTan an afeTqebasTan kontaqtSi Sesvla. vinaidan daavadebis SemTxvevebi SeiZleba qveynis nebismier nawilSi dafiqsirdes da kadrebis gaaxlebis gaTvaliswinebiT, specialuri momzadebis programebi vrceli unda iyos da regularulad unda tardebodes. specialuri momzadeba unda Cautardes qveynis yvelaze Soreul raionebSi moRvawe vet.muSakebs, iseve rogorc adgilobriv xelisuflebas, Rorebis mepatroneebsa da Roris gadamyidvelebs. specialuri momzadebisTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs partniorul urTierTobebs centralur da regionul xelisuflebebs Soris (Statebi, provinciebi, guberniebi, avtonomiuri regionebi an departamentebi), gansakuTrebiT ki decentralizebul an federaciul saxelmwifoebSi. cxadia, rom personalis umaRles doneze momzadeba yvela am daavadebaSi arc praqtikulad aris SesaZlebeli da arc aucilebeli ar aris. umetes SemTxvevebSi isic sakmarisia, rom staJiorebisTvis cnobili iyos TiToeuli daavadebis (Roris afrikuli cxelebis CaTvliT) ZiriTadi klinikuri, paTologiuri da epidemiologiuri niSnebi da icodnen, rogor imoqmedon im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eWvi gauCndebaT romelime aRniSnul daavadebaze. aq, SesaZloa, yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyos imis imis miRweva, rom rogorc savele, aseve sadiagnostiko laboratoriis muSakebma RorebSi ucnobi daavadebis afeTqebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva sadiagnostiko SesaZlebobebs Soris gaiTvaliswinon aseve Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis SesaZlebloba da Sesabamisad imoqmedon. isini saTanado codnas unda flobdnen imasTan dakavSirebiT Tu ra nabijebia gadasadgmeli diagnozis dasadastureblad da maT Soris is, rom aucilebelia sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segroveba da laboratoriaSi gadagzavna; daavadebis kontrolis ra RonisZiebebi unda ganxorcieldes uSualod daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze da ra riski SeiZleba mohyves maT mier ganxorcielebul qmedebebs daavadebis gavrcelebis xelSewyobis mxirv im SemTxvevaSi, Tu biousafrTxoebis zomebi mkacrad ar iqneba daculi. im personals, romliTac specialistTa sadiagnostiko jgufebi unda dakompleqtdes, ufro specializirebuli swavleba unda Cautardes. kadrebis specialuri momzadebis sxvadsxva SesaZleblobebi moicavs: x wamyvani savale da laboratoruli muSakebis gagzavnas sxva qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqebasTan dakavSirebiT uSualo gamocdilebis misaRebad, an seminarebze dasaswrebad, sadac maT SesaZlebloba eqnebaT gaiziaron daavadebis afeTqebis gakontrolebasTan dakavSirebiT sxva qveynebis gamocdileba; x ucxo qveyanaSi staJirebis SesaZleblobebs, magaliTad veterinariis fakultetebis mier SemoTavazebuli kursebi egzotiur daavadebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi da laboratoriis muSakTa specialur momzadebas msoflios an regionis masStabiT miTiTebul laboratoriebsa da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi; 31 32 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis x x qveynis doneze seminarebis Catarebas qveynisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saSiS daavadebaTa sakiTxebSi (romelic kadrebis specialuri momzadebis birTvs unda warmoadgendes) saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebul savele da laboratoruli vet.personalisTvis, jandacvisa da sakarantino samsaxurebis vet.muSakebisTvis (maT Soris maTTvis, vinc sasaklaoebze, bazrebze, sasazRvro gamSveb punqtebze, aeroportebsa da navsadgurebze, sawarmoebze muSaobs da praqtkosi vet.eqimebisTvis); aseT seminarebSi unda monawileobdnen aseve mezobeli qveynebis warmomadgenlebi da Semdgom seminarebis monawileebma Tavad unda Caataraon msgavsi seminarebi fermerebisTvis; savele diagnostikis saxelmZRvanelo, romelic unda iyos martivi, praqtikuli, Seicavdes naxatebsa da diagramebs da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, xelmisawvdomi iyos daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze swrafi konsultaciis misaRebad. fermerTa informirebis/ganaTlebis programebi fermerTa informirebis programebs kritikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. magram maTSi zogjer ugulebelyofilia sagangebo daavadebebisTvis mzadyofnis RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis sakTxebi. isini xels uwyobs mxardaWeris gaZlierebas mesaqonleebsa da sxva dainteresebul mxareebs Soris sagangebo daavadebaTa kontrolis/aRmofxvris RonisZiebebis programebis dagegmva - ganxorcielebisadmi da safuZvels uyris daavadebaTa kontrolis “qvemodan zemoT” midgomis damatebiT SemoRebas im e.w. “zemodan qvemoT” midgomasTan erTad, romelsac Cveulebriv qveynebis mTavrobebi arCeven. informaciis uzrunvelyofis strategiebi miznad unda isaxavdes dainteresebul mxareTa informirebas Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da pirutyvis sxva mniSvnelovani daavadebebis bunebis, SesaZlo Sedegebis, maTi prevenciisa da aRmofxvris upiratesobebis Sesaxeb. is yovelTvis unda iTvaliswinebdes daavadebis epidemiis prevenciis an masTan brZolis saerTo miznis irgvliv sazogadoebis gaerTianebis elements, romelsac saboloo jamSi Sedegad mohyveba sanitaruli dacvis jgufebisa da fermerTa sxva saxis organizaciebis Camoyalibeba. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gzavnili, romelic kargad unda iyos gaazrebuli aris is, rom RorebSi ucnobi daavadebis afeTqebis niSnebis gamovlenisTanave aucilebelia cxovelTa jandacvis saxelmwifo uwyebebis muSakTa informireba amis Sesaxeb da maTTvis daxmarebisTvis mimarTva. aucilebelia informaciis uzrunvelyofa imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gakeTdes es. am mizniT unda ganxorcieldes sainformacio kampniebi fermerebisTvis, adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da saqonliT movaWreebisTvis. informaciis swrafad miwodebis uzrunvelsayofad mniSvnelovania samarTliani sakompensacio politikis SemoReba fermerTa danakargebis asanazRaureblad da amis Sesaxeb fermerebisTvis informaciis miwodeba. sakompensacio politikis SemoReba dagegmvis procesis nawilia da Roris mwarmoeblebma unda icodnen amgvari politikis arsebobis Sesaxeb. marTalia xSirad sakompensacio Tanxebis dadgena mxolod da mxolod soflis meurneobisa da mecxoveleobis departamentebis movaleobas warmoadgens, magram mniSvnelovania, rom riskis analizis sainformacio komponentSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyos aseve sxva saministroebis (mag. finansTa, soflis sakiTxebis, garemos dacvis) an premier ministris gafrTxileba im sagangebo moTxovnilebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic SeiZleba warmoiSvas qveyanaSi cxovelTa iseTi transsasazRvro an egzotikuri daavadebis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxeleba. winaswari gafrTxileba da sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva sadiagnostiko jgufis specialistebi rekomendebulia, rom Roris afrikuli cxelebis sadiagnostiko jgufi dakompleqtdes specialuri momzadebis mqone specialistebiT, romlebic gawveuli iqnebian velze RorebSi daavadebis afeTqebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebisas. amgvari zomebis miReba aucilebelia nebismieri sagangebo situaciis Seqmnamde didi xniT adre da personali xelmisawvdomi da saTanadod aRWurvili unda iyos imisaTvis, rom dauyovnebliv SeZlos daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze gasvla. aRWurviloba unda moicavdes daavadebis SemTxvevis winaswari epidemiologiuri gamokvlevisTvisa da sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebisa da transportirebisTvis saWiro yvela saSualebas. sadiagnistiko jgufis Semadgenloba SeiZleba garemoebebisdamixedviT gansxvavdebodes, magram masSi unda Sediodnen: x veterinar-paTologoanatomi centraluri an regionuli sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriidan; x specialist-epidemiologi (sasurvelia, Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT uSualo gamocdilebisa da specialuri momzadebis mqone specialistis SerCeva); x Roris endemur daavadebebSi gamocdili veterinari. aseTi jgufi igzavneba daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze, adgilobrivi vet. samsaxuris muSakebTan erTad, romlebsac am mizniT qveynis mTavari veterinari (CVO) gamoyofs da: x axorcielebs dispanserizacias; x agrovebs istoriebs; x awarmoebs winaswar epidemiologiur gamokvlevebs da kerZod: x winamorbedi SemTxvevebis mikvlevadobas – SeuerTda Tu ara ukanasknel kvirebSi axali cxoveli ukve inficirebul koltebs da saidan moxda maTi Semoyvana? x momdevno SemTxvevebis mikvlevadobas – gamoaklda Tu ara ukanasknel kvirebSi cxovelebi ukve inficirebul koltebs da sad moxda maTi gadayvana? x axorcielebs daavadebis ganviTarebis gvian stadiaSi an cota xnis win daxocil cxovelTa gvamebis gakveTas. Tu ki amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, cxovelTa gvamebi gadatanili unda iqnes nekrofsiis gasaxorcieleblad saTanadod aRWurvil laboratoriaSi; x agrovebs Sesaferis sadiagnostiko nimuSebs endemuri da egzotikuri daavadebebisTvis, romlebsac diferenciuli diagnozi moicavs da agzavnis maT laboratoriaSi. epidemiologiuri erTeuli epidemiologiuri erTeuli warmoadgens Roris sawarmoTa rigs (momijnave, an ojaxuri fermebi), romlebic erTmaneTTan axlos mdebareobs an erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia savaWro an sawarmoo xelSekrulebebiT, rogoricaa magaliTad Roris sasaklao wonamde miyvanis, Roris sanaSene fermebi an bazrebi. infeqciiT dasnebovnebis riskis gansazRvrisas (wina an Semdgomi periodis mikvlevadoba) arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs inficirebuli cxovelebisa da maTi sadgomebidan gadaadgilebuli masalebis SesaZlo kontaqtis dadgenas, klinikuri niSnebis gamovlenisa da klinikuri mimdinareobis procesis ganxilvas, iseTi kontrepizooturi RonisZiebebis gatarebamde, rogoricaa pirutyvis dawuneba/ganadgureba. sofeli SeiZleba CaiTvalos epidemiologiur erTeulad, magram daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebebi aseve socialur-ekonomikur mosazrebebs unda emyarebodes. 33 34 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis aseT jgufs ufleba unda hqondes daavadebis afeTqebis adgilze miiRos daavadebis kontrolis nebismieri gadaudebeli zomebi, gamomdinare iqdan Tu ras warmoadgens epidemiologiuri erTeuli (ix. winamdebare CanarTi). igi valdebulia Sefasebis angariSi Caabaros uSualod saxelmwifo, provinciis an regionul vet.muSaksa da qveynis mTavar veterinars, romelSic aRwerili iqneba yvela is nabiji, romelic diagnozis dadasturebis mizniT gadaidga da uzrunvelyofili iqneba rCeva daavadebis kontrolis Semdgom strategiebTan da maT Soris, inficirebuli da meTvalyureobis qveS moqceuli zonebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTebasTan dakavSirebiT. laboratoruli diagnostikis SesaZleblobebi daavadebaTa swrafi da saimedo diagnostirebis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxolod srulfasovnad aRWurvil laboratoriebSi, romelTac gaaCniaT standartuli sadiagnostiko reagentebis asortimenti, gamocdili Stati da eqspertizis gansaxorcieleblad sakmarisi odenobiT sadiagnostiko nimuSebi. sadiagnostiko eqspertiza egzotikur daavadebaTa testebisTvis, romlebic cocxali agentis damuSavebas moiTxovs, mikrobiologiuri TvalsazrisiT mxolod dacul laboratoriebSi unda ganxorcieldes. qveynebis umravlesobisTvis erovnuli sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoriis dafuZneba, romelic saTanadod iqneba aRWurvili cxovelTa yvela transsasazRvro da sxva saSiS daavadebaTa da maT Soris bevr egzotikur daavadebaTa diagnozis dasadastureblad, SeiZleba arapraqtikuli da metismetad ZviradRirebuli saqme iyos. magram im qveynebSi, sadac mesaqonleoba kargad aris ganviTarebuli, unda arsebobdes sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoria, romelic aRWurvili da kompetenturi iqneba standartuli meTodebis gansaxorcieleblad: paT-anatomiaSi, virusologiaSi, baqteriologiasa da serologiaSi im doneze, romlezec SesaZlebelia cxovelTa saSiSi daavadebebis etiologiuri agentebis (daavadebis gamomwvevis) gansazRvra. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Roris afrikuli cxeleba maRali safrTxis daavadebas warmoadgens, maSin ganxiluli unda iyos resursebis mobilizebis SesaZlebloba zogierTi ZiriTadi pirveladi testis gansaxorcieleblad (magaliTad, rogoricaa imunoflorescenculi reaqcia). nimuSebis gadasatanad gankuTvnili konteinerebi unda inaxebodes centralur, saxelmwifo an regionalur vet.laboratoriebSi da xelmisawvdomi iyos savele vet.muSakebisa da sadiagnostiko jgufis specialistebisTvis. uklebliv yvela pirveladi konteineri hermetulad unda iyos daculi. es SeiZleba iyos polipropilenis boTlebi (xraxniani TavsaxuriT da rezinis safeniT). an maRali xarisxis plastikuri xraxniani qilebi, an dasaluqi specialuri tomrebi. aseTi konteinerebi Tavsdeba ufro didi zomis, hermetulad dacul meorad konteinerebSi. es SeiZleba iyos plastmasis an polipropilenis konteinerebi, romlebic Tavsdeba penoplastis Tboizolaciis mqone yuTebSi, absorbentul masalebsa da yinulis paketebTan erTad. Tu Tavdapirvelad, gaciveba ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, masalebis gaxrwnis Tavidan asacileblad SesaZlebelia 50% glicerinisa da marilis Semcveli xsnaris damateba. sabolood, es konteinerebi Tavsdeba myari masalisgan damzadebul yuTebSi, romlebsac garedan mkafio warweris mqone iarliyebi ekvreba. nimuSebs mkafiod, wauSleli melniT unda gaukeTdes warwera da aseve, Tan unda axldes baraTebi (forma) maTi aRwerilobiT. winaswari gafrTxileba da sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmva saerTaSoriso laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebi msoflioSi arsebobs FAO-sa OIE -s da centrebis mTeli qseli (laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebi) Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis, romlebic uzrunvelyofen rCevasa da daxmarebas. danarTSi 1 miTiTebulia sakontaqto pirebi da misamarTebi. Roris afrikul cxelebasTan brZolis sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis nawilis saxiT, qveynebma unda daamyaron kavSiri Sesabamis, miTiTebul centrebTan da auRweron maT im sadiagnostiko nimuSebis an izolirebuli agentebis buneba da raodenoba, romlis gagzavnasac apireben dasadasturebeli diagnozisTvis an Semdgomi daxasiaTebisTvis. aseve mniSvnelovania informaciis mopoveba SesaZlo damatebiTi satransporto saSualebis, SefuTvis, gayinvis, etiketirebis meTodebisa da nebismieri savaldebulo sabaJo an IATA-s (sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociacia) deklaraciebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli informacia dokumenturad unda iyos warmodgenili gegmebSi. Zalian mniSvnelovania daavadebis afeTqebis Sedegad SesaZlo an dadasturebuli etiologiuri agentebis gagzavna Semdgomi daxasiaTebisTvs Sesabamis saerTaSoriso laboratoriaSi. rekomendebulia ramodenime Stamis (izolatis) gagzavna sxvadsxva geografiuli zonidan, romelic daavadebis afeTqebis sxvadsxva fazas moicavs. nimuSebis Cabareba warmoSobis qveynis teritoriis gareT mdebare nebismier laboratoriaSi yovelTvis winaswar unda iyos SeTanxmebuli mimReb saxelmwifosTan. qveynis mTavari veterinarisgan winaswar mopovebuli eqsportis nebarTva dagexmarebaT nimuSebis dayovnebis gareSe gagzavnaSi. nimuSebis gagzvna aucileblad iseT konteinerebSi unda moxdes, romlebic IATA-s (sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciis) standartebs Seesabameba. miTiTebuli laboratoriebi da TanamSromlobis centrebi srulfasovnad unda iyos gamoyenebuli kadrebis momzadebisTvis, sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis procesSi da standartuli sadiagnostiko procedurebis reagentebTan dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi rCevebiTa da rekomendaciebiT dasaxmareblad. 35 37 Tavi 6 Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva adreul etapze Sesavali mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo ZiriTadad ganixilavs situaciebs, rodesac adgili aqvs Roris afrikuli cxelebis Semotanas iseT qveyanaSi an zonaSi, romelic adre Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal qveyanad an zonad iTvleboda. amgvari sagangebo mdgomareobis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi, yvela Zalisxmeva mimarTuli unda iyos daavadebis swrafad lokalizebaze infeqciis pirveladi afeTqebis adgilze an zonaSi da mis umokles vadaSi aRmofxvraze, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli daavadebis gavrcelebisa da misi emdemur daavadebaSi gadazrdis SesaZlebloba. rogorc adre avRniSneT, kavSirebi centralur da regionul xelisuflebebsa (Statebi, provinciebi, guberniebi, avtomoniuri regionebi) da kerZo dainteresebul jgufebs Soris mniSvnelovania, gansakuTrebiT ki decentralizebuli xelisuflebis mqone qveynebSi an federaciul saxelmwioebSi da iq sadac saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebis mier SesaZlebelia strategiuli gegmebis erToblivad SemuSaveba, sagangebo situaciis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi. amgvari operatiuli jgufebis arseboba aucilebelia nebismieri sagangebo mdgomareobis dros, iqneba es adamianis mier gamowveuli SemTxveva Tu stiqiuri ubedureba da maT Soris, qveyanaSi cxovelTa iseTi transsasazRvro an egzotikuri daavadebis Semotanis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxeleba. sakompensacio politikis arseboba sagangebo RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis da sagangebo mdgomarebasTan gamklavebis procesis nawilia da informacia amgvari politikis Sesaxeb aucileblad unda iyos miwodebuli Roris mepatroneebisTvis. zogierT qveynebSi daavadebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba mainc da mainc efeqturi ar aris, magaliTad samxreTi an aRmosavleTi afrikis qveynebSi, sadac meWeWiani da SesaZloa gareuli Roris sxva populaciebi am daavadebis matareblebi arian. Tumca, es ar niSnavs, rom am adgilebSi SeuZlebelia prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatareba an Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvra Sinaur RorebSi. im qveynebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cxeleba endemuri daavadebaa, SesaZlebelia daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonebis an seqtorebis Seqmna, Rorebis gadaadgilebasa da karantinze kontrolis meqnizmebis gamkacrebisa da Roris fermebze biousafrTxoebis gaZlierebis meSveobiT. amis misaRwevad aucilebel winapirobas warmoadgens aqtiuri zedamxedveloba, romelic iTvaliswinebs Roris mepatroneTa mier wesebis dacvasa da fermebsa da sasaklaoebze vet.inspeqciis Catarebas. 38 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis epidemiologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis, likvidaciis an aRmofxvris strategiebze Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis, likvidaciis an aRmofxvris strategiebze gavlenas axdens ramodenime epidemiologiuri da sxva faqtori. maT Soris zogierTi dadebiTia, umetesoba ki uaryofiTi. dadebiTi faqtorebi: x Rorebis garda arc erT sxva Sinaur cxovels Roris afrikuli cxelebisadmi mgrZnobeloba(amTvisebloba) ar gaaCnia. x klinikuri niSnebi daavadebis SesaZlo arsebobis aSkara maCvenebelia. x arsebobs daavadebiT gamowveuli Sedegebis swrafad anazRaurebis SesaZlebloba (magaliTad is, rom Rorebs reproduqciis maRali potenciali gaaCniaT). x adamianebs am daavadebisadmi mgrZnobeloba ar gaaCniaT; uaryofiTi faqtorebi: x Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi inaqtivaciisadmi mdgradia da xangrZlivi droiT inarCunebs sicocxliunarianobas sxvadasxva aRWurvilobaze, Roris inficirebul qsovilebSi, xorcsa da damuSavebul produqtebSi. x Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis garkveuli saxeobebi gadascemen Roris afrikuli cxelebis viruss. x Roris afrikuli cxeleba swrafad vrceldeba Sinaur RorebSi. x Roris afrikul cxelebas, Cveulebriv, kargad gamoxatuli klinikuri niSnebi axasiaTebs. Tumca, am niSnebma SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos da Roris klasikur cxelebaSi agverios; virusis dabali virulentobis Stamebis amocnoba SeiZleba ufro rTuli iyos. x Roris warmoeba monawileTa farTo wres moicavs, romlebic am saqmianobas piradi moxmarebis (Raribi mosaxleoba soflad da qalaqis SemogarenSi) an komeciuli mizniT ewevian. suraTi 4 tipiuri ferma sadac daculia biousafrTxoebis ZiriTadi normebi, rac daavadebisagan dacvis kargi saSualebaa inficirebul zonaSic ki sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva x x gareuli Roris populaciebi am daavadebisadmi amTviseblebi arian. Roris afrikuli cxeleba mkurnalobas ar eqvemdebareba da mis winaaRmdeg vaqcina ar arsebobs. zogierTi aRniSnuli faqtoris gamo Roris afrikuli cxeleba aris cxovelTa erT-erTi yvelaze Znelad kontrolirebadi da aRmosafxvreli transsasazRvro daavadeba. miuxedavad imisa rom evropis, afrikisa da amerikis qveynebis mravali magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom erToblivi, kargad organizebuli kampnaiebis meSveobiT Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvra/likvidacia SesaZlebelia, amgvar RonisZiebebs, umetes SemTxvevebSi, Sedegad mohyva uamravi janmrTeli Rorisa da sakvebad vargisi xorcis ganadgureba da SesaZloa meti ziani miayenos Roris mepatroneebs, vidre Tavad daavadebam da gansakuTrebiT maT, visac daavadeba uSualod ar Sexebia, magram yvela Rori daexoca daavadebis Tavidan acilebis RonisZiebis farglebSi, Rorebis masobrivi likvidaciis Sedegad. Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris strategiebi vaqcinebis ar arsebobis pirobebSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris problemis gadawyvetis erTaderTi xelmisawvdomi saSualebaa Rorebis dakvla da yvela inficirebuli da savaraudod inficirebuli (daavadebul RorebTan kontaqtSi myofi) Roris Tavidan mocileba. es ukve gamocdili meTodia, romelic karg Sedegebs iZleva Roris afrikul cxelebasa da cxovelTa sxva seriozul transsasazRvro daavadebaTa da maT Soris, Turqulisa da saqonlis infeqciuri plevropnevmoniis aRmofxvraSi. Tumca, aRiarebulia isic, rom amgvari radikaluri midgomebi naklebad misaRebia, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, rodesac saubaria didi raodenobis cxovelebze; garkveul garemoebebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daavadeba farTod aris gavrcelebuli da Tavisuflad moxetiale gareuli Rorebis populaciebi arsebobs, amgvari zomebi rogorc wesi, warumatebelia. salikvidacio politikis ZiriTadi elementebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis Semdegnairia: x infeqciis gamovlena adreul etapze: – moTxovnebi: savele doneze specialuri momzadebis mqone kadrebi; da specializebuli sadiagnostiko vet.laboratoria. x kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba erovnuli sagangebo RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb gancxadebisTvis: – moTxovnebi: Roris afrikuli cxeleba saSiSi infeqciuri daavadebaa; Sesabamisi uwyebebisTvis dauyovnebliv unda gamoiyos saxsrebi, raTa maT swrafad SesZlon gadamawyveti zomebis miReba; SemoRebuli unda iyos sakompensacio strategia; vet.samsaxuris gankargulebaSi unda iyvnen sazogadoebrivi wesrigis damcvelebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesebis Sesrulebas. x qveynis teritoriis dayofa (zonireba) inficirebul, zedamxedvelobisa da Tavisufal zonebad: – moTxovnebi: informaciis floba imis Sesaxeb Tu sad aris da sad ar aris daavadeba (kavSiri laboratorul/epidemiolo giur erTeulTan); cxovelTa gadaadgilebis marTva (maregulirebeli vet.samsaxurebi unda moqmedebdnen policiasTan, sabaJo samsaxurTan, inspeqciasTan an uSiSroebis sxva samsaxurebTan erTad). x inspeqtireba da sakarantino RonisZiebebi daavadebis lokalizebisTvis maT Soris, Rorebis gadaadgilebis gakontroleba da Roris xorcis iseTi produqtebiT vaWrobis akrZalva, romlebic SeiZleba inficirebuli iyos: 39 sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva x inficirebuli an savaraudod inficirebuli (daavadebul RorebTan kontaqtSi myofi) Rorebis dauyovnebliv dakvla da maTi mepatroneebisTvis adeqvaturi kompensaciis dauyovnebliv gadaxda: – moTxovnebi: specialurad momzadebuli kadrebi, romlebic Rorebis dakvlis process misaRebi (humanuri) meTodebiT axorcieleben; da erovnuli kanonmdebloba, Rorebis mepatroneebisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT. x karkasisa da sxva inficirebuli masalebis usafrTxod Camarxva an dawva: – moTxovnebi: hidro/geografiuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb informaciis floba, operaciebis swrafad ganxorcielebis mizniT; kanonmdeblobis winaswar amoqmedeba, sagangebo situaciebSi ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT misaRebi gadawyvetilebebis gansazRvris mizniT. x inficirebuli teritoriebis gawmenda da dezinfeqciis Catareba: – moTxovna: ganaxlebuli monacemebi Sesaferisi da rekomendirebuli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebisa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad aris SesaZlebeli maTi SeZena. x adre inficirebuli sawarmos /soflis teritoriaze Rorebis Seyvana mxolod usafrTxo periodis dadgomis Semdeg (e.w oTxi sainkubacio periodis Semdeg): – moTxovna: sainformacio kampaniebis Catareba Roris mwarmoebelTa da adgilobriv fermerTa informirebis mizniT; da moqmedi wesebis darRvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebisTvis jildos dawesebis SesaZleblobis ganxilva. aRniSnuli procedurebis erT-erTi aucileblobaa sakmaod xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba imisaTvis, raTa ar moxdes daavadebis qveyanaSi Semotana/gavrceleba da GagreTve dadgenili wesebis Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. sazogadoebis informirebis farTomasStabiani kampaniebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxareebisTvis (mwarmoeblebi, seleqcionerebi, mevaWreebi, maregulireblebi, policia da a.S.) Sedegis momtani da damajerebeli unda iyos. Rorebis likvidacia resurs-intensiuri meTodia, romelic uzrunvelyofs daavadebis xanmokle vadaSi aRmofxvras. iqneba Tu ara igi ekonomikurad efeqtiuri, damokidebulia Rorebis populaciis sididesa da imaze, Tu ramdenad moaswro Roris afrikulma cxelebam gavrceleba manamde, vidre RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba daiwyeboda. Rorebis likvidaciis RonisZiebis warmatebiT dagvirgvinebis SemTxvevaSi, qveynebi uaxloves momavalSi acxadeben daavadebisgan teritoriis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. es SeiZleba mniSvnelovani iyos saerTaSoriso vaWrobis miznebisTvis, romlebisTvisac aseve aucilebeli iqneba ganxorcielebuli procedurebis dasabuTeba. salikvidacio politika sruliad efeqturia maSin, rodesac daavadebis aRmofxvris mTliani jaWvi srulyofilad aris ganxorcielebuli, dawyebuli daavadebis adreul etapze amocnobidan da damTavrebuli salikvidacio savele pirobebSi RonisZiebaTa gatarebiT. daavadebis amocnobis, diagnozis dasmis an salikvidacio RonisZiebebis gatarebis dagvianebam SeiZleba mTlianad CaSalos daavadebis aRmofxvris programa. zonireba zonireba niSnavs im geografiuli teritoriebis gamoyofas, romlebzec daavadebis kontrolis specialuri RonisZiebebi unda ganxorcieldes. aseTi zonebi warmoadgens infeqciis cnobili an savaraudo kerebis garSemo mdebare e.w. koncentriul teritoriebs, romlis SigniTac yvelaze intensiurad xorcieldeba daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebebi. zonireba miekuTvneba 41 42 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis iseTi RonisZiebebis ricxvs, romlebic qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis Semotanis dros yvelaze adreul etapze xorcieldeba. zonebis zomisa da formis gansazRvra SeiZleba moxdes geografiuli sazRvrebis mixedviT an epidemiologiuri mosazrebebidan an resursebidan gamomdinare. magram, vinaidan Roris afrikuli cxeleba vrceldeba inficirebuli Roris an masalebis gadaadiglebis Sedegad, unda gvaxsovdes rom daavadebis gadatana asobiT da aTasobiT kilometriT daSorebul manZilze erT dReSia SesaZlebeli saxmeleTo, sazRvao an sahaero transportiT. epizootiis dros, daavadebis lokalizebisTvis mxolod da mxolod inficirebuli zonebis gamocxadebis imedad yofna windauxedavi nabiji iqneba im SemTxvevaSi Tu darwmunebuli ar xarT, rom SegiZliaT Rorebis (an Roris xorci) gadaadgilebis Tavidan acileba sakontrolo portebSi geografiuli barierebis an sakontrolo zomebis meSveobiT (magaliTad, inspeqtireba, sanqcia, konfiskacia da ganadgureba). zonireba moiTxovs Sida sakontrolo punqtebis mowyobas, romlebsac (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi) uSiSroebis sxva TanamSromlebis mxardaWeriT moem- suraTi 6 dainficirebuli zona: gadaadgilebaze kontroli sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva saxurebian specialurad momzadebuli vet inspeqtorebi da aseve cxovelTa janmrTelobis cnobis, maTi warmoSobis, daniSnulebis adgilisa da gadaadgilebis miznis (dakvla, gamokveba an jiSis moSeneba) Sesaxeb dokumentebis Semowmebasa da maTi namdvilobis dadasturebas. mniSvnelovania veterinaruli klinikuri Sefaseba sakontrolo punqtebze. praqtikuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom sanitaruli kordonis SemoReba bevr qveyanaSi arc Tu ise martivi amocanaa, xolo aseTi RonisZiebebis gverdis avla sakmaod martivad xdeba. udavoa is faqti, rom cudad organizebuli Roris fermebi, romlebic inficirebuli zonebidan moSorebiT mdebareobs, SeiZleba ufro didi riskis qveS imyofebodnen, vidre kargad organizebuli komerciuli fermebi, romlebic inficirebuli zonis teritoriazea ganlagebuli. cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebSi daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonebis aRiareba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani principia, rogorc Roris afrikuli cxelebis aseve sxva daavadebebis mimarT, magram saboloo jamSi, igi damokidebulia adgilobrivi vet.samsaxurebis mier Sida da gare dainteresebul mxareebisTvis micemul garantiebze. inficirebuli zonebi inficirebuli zona moicavs teritorias, romelic mdebareobs uSualod erTi an meti inficirebuli fermis, sawarmos an soflis garSemo. mis zomasa da formas gansazRvravs topografiuli maxasiaTeblebi, fizikuri barierebi, administraciuli sazRvrebi da sxva epidemiologiuri mosazrebebi. cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciaa, rom misi radiusi daavadebis keris garSemo iyos sul mcire 10 km Roris intensiuri warmoebis SemTxvevaSi da 50 km eqstensiuri (farTo) warmoebis SemTxvevaSi. intensiuri warmoeba niSnavs, rom Rorebi saimedod arian daculi sawarmos an fermis teritoriaze, romlis gareTac gasvlas ar anebeben; eqstensiuri warmoebisas ki, Rorebs zogjer Tavisuflad xetialis SesaZleblobas aZleven an arasaTanadod akontroleben. rodesac saqme exeba iseT daavadebas, rogoricaa Roris afrikuli cxeleba, romelic haer-wveTovani gziT ar gadaecema, inficirebuli zonebis gamosayofad radiusis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi bolomde gamarTlebuli SeiZleba ar iyos. mTel rig qveynebSi, soflad, Rorebis nawili naklebad kontrolirdeba da amitom 50 kilometriani zonebis gamocxadeba iq, sadac gatarebuli iqneba ZviradRirebuli da mkacri RonisZiebebi, SeiZleba zedmetad da arapraqtikuladac ki CaiTvalos; TiToeuli zona warmoadgens 7 850 km2 farTobs da misi dafarva problematuri SeiZleba iyos vet.samsaxurebisTvis, romlebic SeiZleba kadrebisa da finansuri resursebis naklebobas ganicdidnen. inficirebuli zonebis dasadgenad unda ganisazRvros infeqciis keris farglebi da kargi mmarTvelobis mqone fermebi, romlebmac Tavi daaRwies infeqcias. fermebi SeiZleba arainficirebulad CaiTvalos Tu isini Ria iqnebian maregulirebeli organos inspeqciisTvis da dadgenil statusTan Sesabamisobas SeinarCuneben. meores mxriv, aucilebelia meTvalyureobis warmoeba gacilebiT ufro farTo teritoriaze, romelic SeiZleba moicavdes mTel qveyanas an konkretul regionebs, rac damokidebulia Rorebis gadaadgilebis cnobil marSrutebze, romlebic marketingis an sxva mosazrebebidan gamomdinare ganisazRvreba. daavadebis afeTqebis sawyis etapebze, rodesac misi masStabi jer-kidev zustad dadgenili ar aris, mizanSewonili iqneba inficirebul zonebad didi teritoriebis gamocxadeba da Semdgom, rodesac daavadebis zedamxedvelobis Sedegebidan cnobili gaxdeba daavadebis afeTqebis realuri masStabi, TandaTanobiT maTi farTobis Semcireba. Tu misi masStabebis dagvianebiT dadgenis Sedegad, adgili eqneba Roris afrikuli cxelebis sxva afeTqebebs 43 44 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis an Tu Tavdapirveli afeTqeba gansakuTrebiT farTod iqneba gavrcelebuli, albaT ukeTesi iqneba qveynis mTeli teritoriis ganxilva inficirebul zonad da amis Sesaxeb mezobeli qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis informaciis Setyobineba. zedamxedvelobis (kontrolis) zonebi aRniSnuli zonebi geografiulad ufro didia da erT an met inficirebul zonas moicavs. isini SeiZleba moicavdes provincias (regions|) an administraciul olqs da xSirad, mTlianad qveyanas. zedamxedvelobis zonaSi samuSaoebis warmoeba moiTxovs: x Roris mwarmoebelTa, mevaWreTa, yasabTa, xorcis gamyidvelTa, sasaklaoebisa da sasaklaoebis inspeqtorTa aqtiurad informirebas, daavadebis amocnobisa da daavadebis SemTxvevebis Setyobinebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb; x sagamomZiebo da monawileobis principze dafuZnebul meTodebSi specialurad momzadebuli veterinaruli an paraveterinaruli brigadebis gaZlierebuli moZraoba daavadebis gamovlenis mizniT saflebSi, qalaqis periferiebsa da komerciul sawarmoebSi; x gaZlierebul kontrols daavadebis zemoqmedebis qveS moqceuli zonebidan saqonlis Semotanis punqtebSi da aseve cocxali saqonlis an cxoveluri produqtebis bazrebze; x sazogadoebis informirebis ufro farTomasStabian kampaniebs. Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zona ganmartebulia, rogorc qveynis SigniT mdebare teritoria, sadac arc erT Rors ar aReniSneba infeqciiT dasnebovnebis klinikuri niSnebi; yvela saeWvo SemTxvevisTvis, Roris afrikuli cxelebaze laboratoruli testis Catarebis Sedegad uaryofiTi pasuxia miRebuli da Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusze seropozitiuri individumebis raodenoba winaswar dadgenil zRvarze dabalia (< 1 procenti 95 % saimedoobis donesTan mimarTebaSi). daavadebis afeTqebis SemTxvevaSi (mimdinare an istoriuli), SeiZleba movaxdinoT Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebis demarkacia qveynis im nawilebSi, sadac Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi aqtiuri ar aris. vinaidan daavadebas farTod gavrcelebis unari axasiaTebs, rekomendebulia rom, qveynis yvela im nawilSi, sadac daavadebis afeTqeba pirvelad moxda, mkacri zedamxedvelobis qveS iqnes moqceuli. Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal zonebSi aqcenti unda gakeTdes mkacr sakarantino RonisZiebebze imisaTvis, rom inficirebuli zonebidan daavadebis Semotanis SesaZlebloba Tavidan iqnes acilebuli da mudmivi zedamxedvelobis warmoebaze, raTa Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebi aseTad iqnes SenarCunebuli. am zonebSi, iseve rogorc inficirebul da zedamxedvelobis qveS moqceul zonebSi uzrunvelyofili unda iyos igive informacia daavadebis prevenciisa da daavadebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb SetyobinebasTan dakavSirebiT. aucilebelia, rom es informacia rac SeiZleba swrafad iqnes gaziarebuli mezobeli qveynebisa da savaWro partiorebisTvis. Rorisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis komerciuli marketingis jaWvis Sesaxeb amomwuravi informaciis flobas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli iyos zedamxedvelobis zonebis gansazRvra, maT siaSi savaraudod inficirebuli zonebis CarTva an gamoricxva da Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebis gamoyofa. sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva kompartmentebi (ujredebi) arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufalia mxolod is konkretuli fermebi, romlebic Cveulebriv gaerTianebuli arian da romlebzec biousafrTxoeba saTanado donezea daculi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, es zonebi ganixileba rogorc Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali kompartmentebi (ujredi) da daavadebisgan Tavisufali kompartmentis statusis SenarCunebis uzrunvelsayofad fermis mflobelebs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi gadaecemaT. daavadebisgan Tavisufali kompartmentis garantirebisTvis aucilebelia saxelmwifo sertificirebisa da damoukidebeli inspeqciis Catareba. aseTi fermebis arsebobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Roris warmoebis uwyvetad gagrZelebis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan sakvebi romelsac isini yiduloben (an Tavad awarmoeben) saimedo wyaroebidan aris mopovebuli da Seesabameba xarisxis standartebs, fermidan cxovelebis gayvana/Semoyvana mkacrad regulirdeba, cxovelebi asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT arian dayofili da goWebis asxletis-gamokvebis-dakvlis procesi warmoebs principiT yvela Sin, yvela gareT, dabinavebis sistemiT. mniSvnelovania, rom muSakebs SeeZloT Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva infeqciuri daavadebebis amocnoba da rom ar hyavdeT sakuTari Rorebi, romlebmac SeiZleba Roris paTogenebi Semoitanon Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal koltSi. akreditaciis SesanarCuneblad, Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisuflad cnobili kompartmentebi unda daeqvemdebaron saxelmwifo vetsamsaxuris muSakebis mier warmoebul monitorings. kompartmentalizaciis principebi SeiZleba ufro mcire meurneobebis mimarTac iyos gamoyenebuli, romlis mflobelebsac kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli Rorebis izolirebisa da dacvis aucilebloba. inficirebuli teritoria da saSiSi sakontaqto teritoria mocemul konteqstSi, inficirebuli teritoria niSnavs epidemiologiur erTeuls, sadac moxda Rorebis infeqciiT dasnebovneba. es SeiZleba iyos calkeuli ferma an Sinameurneoba, mTeli sofeli an dasaxleba, an saqonlis bazari da sasaklao. saSiSi sakontaqto teritoria aris eseTi teritoria, romelic epidemiologiuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare SeZleba iyos inficirebuli, miuxedavad imisa, rom daavadebis klinikuri niSnebi jer-kidev ar aris gamovlenili. inficirebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos axlo mdebareoba da infeqcia SeiZleba gamovlindes epidemiologiuri mikvlevadobis Sedegad. inficirebul zonebSi gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT infeqcirebul zonaSi arsebobs ori amocana: 1) infeqciis Semdgomi gavrcelebis Tavidan acileba sakarantino RonisZiebebisa da Rorebis gadaadgilebaze kontrolis dawesebis meSveobiT da 2) umokles vadaSi infeqciis wyaroebis ganadgureba, savaraudod infeqciiT dasnebovnebuli Rorebis dakvlis, leSis usafrTxod utilizaciisa da dekonteminaciis uzrunvelyofis gziT. aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis balansi garemoebebzea damokidebuli. Tu Rorebi saimedod arian Caketili fermis teritoriaze da zedamxedvelobisTvis da sakarantino RonisZiebebisa da Rorebis gadaadgilebaze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad gankuTvnili resursebi Sesabamisi odenobiT aris xelmisawvdomi, maSin saukeTeso gadawyvetileba iqneboda yvela Roris dakvla mxolod inficirebul teritoriebze da Tu SesaZlebelia, im saSiS sakontaqto teritoriebze, romlebic gansazRvruli iqneba epidemiologiuri mikvlevadobis Sedegad im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac zogierTi maTgani janmrTelad gamoiyureba. Tu inficirebul 45 46 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis zonaSi Rorebi kargad ar kontrolirdebian da SemdgomSi daavadebis swrafad gavrcelebis an gareuli RorebisTvis gadacemis riski arsebobs, an Tu zedamxedvelobisTvis da sakarantino RonisZiebebisa da Rorebis gadaadgilebaze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad gankuTvnili resursebi arasakmarisi odenobiT aris xelmisawvdomi, maSin mizanSewonili iqneba yvela Roris dakvla inficirebul da masTan dakavSirebul zonebSi. Tumca, faqtobrivad, ukontrolod moxetiale Rorebis dakvla ufro daavadebis gavrcelebas uwyobs xels, vidre mis gakontrolebas. es marTlac ase iqneba, Tu sabazro fasebis mixedviT kompensaciis gadaxda dauyovnebliv ar moxdeba. am mxriv, saukeTeso gamosavalia davarwmunoT Roris mepatroneebi imaSi, rom cxovelebi gareT ar gamouSvan da rom maT Rorebs dakvla ar emuqreba Tu ki Roris afrikuli cxelebis klinikuri niSnebi ar gamouvlindebaT. Roris mepatroneebisa da maTi asociaciebis mxridan sruli mxardaWeris mopovebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs daavadebis kontrolis efeqturad ganxorcielebisaTvis da amitom, aucilebelia SevagebinoT maT raoden seriozulia arsebuli mdgomareoba da ra Sedegebi da garTulebebi SeiZleba mohyves dadgenili wesebis Seusruleblobas da Rorebis Tavisuflad gadaadgilebas. sakontrolo RonisZiebebis CaSla Semdgom sirTuleebs Seuqmnis Roris sxva mwarmoeblebs regionSi. xelmisawvdomi unda iyos iaffasiani, magram efeqturi sadezinfeqcio saSualebebis (magaliTad, 2 procentiani kaustikuri soda) uxvi maragi da Roris mepatroneebs unda ganemartoT, rom sasurvelia SezRudon mimosvla TavianTi meurneobis teritoriaze da uzrunvelyon, rom yvela pirma, romelic meurneobis teritoriaze Semova, aucileblad kargad daamuSavos fexsacmeli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebiT Sesvlisas da teritorias datovebisas (an Caicvas misTvis SeTavazebuli fexsacmeli). yovelive amis saboloo mizania dasaklavi Rorebis raodenobis absolutur minimumamde dayvana. daavadebis zedamxedveloba da sxva epidemiologiuri gamoZiebebi specialurad momzadebuli veterinarebis an inspeqtorTa jgufebis mier intensiurad unda warmoebdes Roris afrikuli cxelebis zedamxedveloba. aRniSnulma vet. muSakebma an inspeqtorTa jgufebma Roris koltebs xSirad unda Cautaron klinikuri Semowmeba da Semdeg Tavadac saTanadod unda Caitaron personaluri dekonteminaciis procedurebi, raTa maT mier ar moxdes infeqciis erTi fermidan meoreze gadatana. infeqciiT dasnebovnebuli Roris koltis aRmoCenisas, aseve unda ganxorcieldes daavadebis winamorbedi an Semdgomi SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba. winamorbedi SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba niSnavs inficirebul teritoriaze Roris afrikuli cxelebis pirveli klinikuri SemTxvevebis dafiqsirebamde sami an oTxi kviriT adre Semoyvanili nebismieri, axali Rorebis warmoSobis adgilis dadgenas (vinaidan swored isini SeiZleba warmoadgendnen infeqciis wyaros) da im fermebis Semowmebas, saidanac am Rorebis gadmoyvana moxda. momdevno SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba niSnavs Rorebis, xorcproduqtebis, maTi sakvebis an nebismieri sxva savaraudod inficirebuli masalebis daniSnulebis adgilis dadgenas, romlebic gatanili iqna inficirebuli teritoriidan pirveli klinikuri SemTxvevebis dafiqsirebamde an mas Semdeg. Semdgom xdeba im femrebis inspeqtireba, romlebic SeiZleba am Rorebis mier iyos inficirebuli. winamorbedi da momdevno SemTxvevebis mikvlevadoba SeiZleba garTuldes maaSin, rodesac adgili aqvs Rorebis gadayvanas saqonlis auqcionebisa an bazrobebis meSveobiT. sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva inficirebuli da saSiSi sakontaqto teritoriebis karantinSi moqceva inficirebuli da saSiSi sakontaqto teritoriebi dauyovnebliv unda moeqces karantinSi da aikrZalos coxali Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da sxva savaraudod konteminirebuli masalebis gadaadgileba daavadebis kontrolis Semdgomi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebamde. satransporto saSualebebsa da sxva aRWurvilobas unda Cautardes dezinfeqcia manamde, vidre isini datoveben inficirebul da saSiS sakontaqto teritoriebs. kontroli Rorebis gadaadgilebaze inficirebuli zonis teritoriaze cocxali Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da xorcproduqtebis gadaadgileba (gatana/Semotana) saerTod unda aikrZalos. didi sifrTxilea saWiro imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom inficirebuli zonidan arc cocxali Rorebisa da arc Roris xorcis kontrabanduli wesiT gatana ar moxdes. kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba unda moicavdes jarimebis dawesebas SemoRebuli wesebis darRvevaze. amgvarad infeqciis gavrcelebis maRali riskis gamo, inficirebul toretoriaze droebiT unda daixuros Roris bazrebi da sasaklaoebi. inficirebul zonebSi Roris mwarmoeblebisTvis amgvari akrZalviT gamowveuli seriozuli ekonomikuri Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maTTvis miwodebuli informacia unda ganmartavdes dawesebuli akrZalvis mizans - situaciis normalizebisTvis. daavadeba rac SeiZleba swrafad unda daeqvemdebaros kontrols - da xels uwyobdes maTi mxridan SemoRebuli wesis dacvas. inficirebuli da savaraudod inficirebuli Rorebis dakvla Rorebis dakvlasTan dakavSirebiT ra gadawyvetilebac ar unda iqnes miRebuli (magaliTad yvela Roris daxocva inficirebul da savaraudod im inficirebul teritoriebze, romlebzec ukve dadasturda daavadebis gavrceleba, an Rorebis daxocva mxolod inficirebul teritoriebze), Rorebis dakvla dauyovnebliv unda moxdes. savaraudod inficirebuli teritoriebis inspeqtireba kviraSi erTxel an yovel or kviraSi erTxel unda ganxorcieldes. Roris mepatroneebs unda moeTxovos, rom likvidatorTa jgufis Camosvladme erTi dRiT adre Rorebs Tavi erTad mouyaron da Caketon isini. cxovelebis likvidacia unda moxdes humanuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. Rorebis likvidaciisTvis gamoiyeneba sanadiro Tofebi an gamosawevRerZiani pnevmaturi iaraRi. ZuZuTa an nebismieri asakis goWebisTvis SesaZlebelia sasikvdilo ineqciebis gamoyeneba (magaliTad, barbituratis) Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs. gamosawevRerZiani pnevmaturi iaraRis gamoyenebisas, operatorebs unda esmodeT, rom Rorebi SeiZleba gaTiSul mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen da ar iyvnen mokluli da amitom Camarxvamde an dawvamde, aucilebelia saTanado zomebis miReba da darwmuneba imaSi, rom Rorebi namdvilad moklulebi arian. dauSvebelia Tofebis gamoyeneba daxurul sivrceSi, sadac rikoSetis safrTxe arsebobs. am RonisZiebis Sesasruleblad mxolod kompetenturi da gamocdili kadrebi unda iyvnen gamoyenebuli, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli adamianebisa da Rorebis garda sxva cxovelebis usafrTxoebisTvis safrTxis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba. Tu Rorebi meurneobis teritoriaze saimedod ar arian Caketili an Tu maT soflis SemogarenSi ukontrolod xetialis SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, maSin SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes monadireTa/likvidatorTa jgufebis gagzavna, romlebic am Rorebs ipovnian da daxocaven. amgvari RonisZiebis warmateba damokidebulia sxvadasxva faqtorebze (maT Soris, adgilis topografiaze), romlebic saTanadod unda iyos ganxiluli manamde, vidre saqmes SeudgebodeT. 47 48 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis suraTi 7 Rorebis dakvlisas nimuSebis aReba: 2/3 jer gadidebuli RviZli, tipiuri pateqialuri sisxlCaqcevebi Tirkmelebze. gareuli RorebisTvis da SesaZloa Tavisuflad moxetiale RorebisTvis, romelTa marTvac SeuZlebelia: zogierT qveynaSi, romelSic Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontroli sirTules warmoadgenda, Rorebis TofiT mokvlaze gacilebiT ufro efeqturi aRmoCnda maTTvis xafangis mowyoba im adgilebSi, sadac cnobili iyo Tavisuflad moxetiale an gareuli Rorebis arsebobis Sesaxeb da SigniT moTavsebuli satyuaras meSveobiT erTdroulad ramodenime Roris daWera. Tu aseTi sistemis gamoyenebas arCevT, maSin sasargeblo iqneba informaciis mopoveba gareuli Rorebis qcevis, maTi kvebis, habitatisa da maTi populaciebis raodenobis Sesaxeb im personalisgan, romelic kompetenturia gareul cxovelebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi. Tavisuflad moxetiale Rorebis dasaWerad, satyuaras saxiT, iyeneben simindisgan damzadebul salafavs, romelic duRils iwyebs xuTidan 15 dRemde sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva vadaSi, rac haeris temperaturazea damokidebuli. salafavis dasamzadeblad iyeben didi zomis (50-300 litramde tevadobis) daxurul WurWels, romelic ivseba simindis marcvlebiT da badagiT (SesaZlebelia Saqris sxva wyaros gamoyeneba) da inaxeba, vidre duRilis procesis Sedegad buStulebi ar warmoiSveba da daxuruli WurWelidan mZafri motkbo suni ar wamova. aRniSnuli variantis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi, Rorebis savaraudo adgilsamyofelis dadgena xdeba axlad datovebuli kvalis an iseTi niSnebis aRmoCenis Sedegad rogoricaa mZuanobis niSnebi da eqskrementebi (sakvebis miRebis niSnebi, an Roris eqskrementebSi sisvelis arseboba Tu ar arseboba). amis Semdeg, satyuaras saxiT damzadebul simindis salafavs samidan Svid dRemde toveben moniSnul teritoriebze, Rorebis SerCeul adgilas Setyuebis mizniT. rodesac Tavisuflad moxetiale an gareuli Rorebi sakvebs miagneben, SesaZlebeli iqneba ramodenime cxovelis xafangiT (galiiT) daWera. amisaTvis, xafangSi erTianad daxvavebuli sakvebis grovaSi magrdeba palo, romelzec mibmulia bawari da rodesac kvebis procesSi Rorebi gamoedebian bawars, igi amoagdebs palos da xafangis karic daiketeba (galiis zoma: 3m x 3m). xafangebi yoveldRiurad unda Semowmdes cxovelebis daWeris, gacxrilvisa da satyuaras damatebis mizniT. Rorebis likvidaciis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT FAO-s saxelmZRvanelos, cxovelTa likvidaciis meSveobiT daavadebis aRmofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb. gareuli Rorebis daWera unda moxdes Sesabamis institutebSi an universitetebSi gareuli cxovelebis dargis specialistebTan konsultaciebis warmoebis Sedegad. leSis usafrTxod ganTavseba daklul an daavadebisgan bunebrivad daxocil cxovelTa leSis saTanadod ganTavseba Seicavs imis uzrunvelyofas, rom cxovelTa leSi aRar warmoadgnes paTogenis Semdgomi (pirdapiri an arapirdapiri gziT) gadacemis risks virusisadmi amTviseblobis mqone sxva cxovelebze (agreTve im cxovelebis meSveobiT, romlebic ikvebebian leSiT an nagavsayrelebze an sakvebisa da wylis dabinZurebiT). amgvarad leSis ganTavseba Cveulebriv gulisxmobs mis Rrmad Camarxvas, Tu niadagisa da gruntis wylebis horizonti amisaTvis xelsayrel pirobebs uzrunvelyofs da miwis amosaRebad saWiro aRWurviloba arsebobs; an dawvas, Tu amisaTvis saWiro sawvav-sapoxi masalebi, rogoricaa Zveli saburavebi, moipoveba da cecxlis balaxsa da buCqnarisTvis wakidebis safrTxe metismetad maRali ar aris. saukeTeso variantia, rodesac neSTis ganTavseba imave fermaze xdeba, sadac cxovelebi dakles, magram Tu adgilze ganTavseba ar xerxdeba, SesaZlebelia leSis gadatana hermetulad daxuruli satransporto saSualebebiT, ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT misaReb adgilas, romelic inficirebuli zonis teritoriaze iqneba ganlagebuli. aseve unda izrunoT damatebiT manqanazec, romelic pirvels gahyveba da SesaZlo gaJonvis SemTxvevaSi adgilis dezinfeqciisTvis an satransporto saSualebis mwyobridan gamosvlis SemTxvevaSi iqneba gamoyenebuli samaSvelo operaciebis dasawyebad im SemTxvevaSi, Tu dakluli Rorebis transportirebisas raime problema warmoiSveba. garkveul garemoebebSi, sasurvelia, neSTis ganTavsebis adgilas, pirveli ramodenime dRis ganmavlobaSi, gamafrTxilebeli niSnis aRmarTva. ganTavsebis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT FAO-s saxelmZRvanelos cxovelTa likvidaciis meSveobiT daavadebis aRmofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb. 49 50 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis gawmenda es moicavs inficirebul teritoriebze garemos saguldagulod dasufTavebasa da dezinfeqciis Catarebas, ra drosac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos cxovelebis erTad Tavmoyris adgilebs: saRoreebs, fardulebs, bagebs, ezoebsa da RorebisTvis gankuTvnili sasmeli wylis WurWels. dezinfeqcia dezinfeqcias arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Rorebis likvidaciis procesSi, Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT an sxva paTogenebiT garemos dabinZurebis riskis TvalsazrisiT. dabinZurebul masalebze sadezinfeqcio saSualebe- suraTi 8 dakluli Rorebis damarxva da garemos tipiuri (rekomendirebuli) damuSaveba sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva bis Sesxureba araefeqturia; dezinfeqciis Catarebamde aucilebelia mkvrivi narCenebis gatana Casamarxad an gasanadgureblad. aucilebelia savaraudod dabinZurebuli masalebis (rogoricaa nakeli, qveSagebi, Tiva da sakvebi) gatana da ganadgureba iseve, rogorc leSis. rekomendebulia iaffasiani masalebiT aSenebuli bagebis dawva, rodesac arsebobs virusis gadarCenis an Ornithodoros ojaxis tkipebis arsebobis saSiSroeba. Tumca, Roris mepatroneebi am RonisZiebas iSviaTad xvdebian enTuziazmiT da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saRore mdebareobs ezoSi sxva SenobebTan axlos, bagebis dawva SeiZleba saxifaToc iyos. akaricidiTa da aseve sadezinfeqcio aerozoliT teritoriis saguldagulod damuSaveba SeiZleba erTaderTi arCevani iyos. tkipebis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, sakmarisi iqneba mxolod sadezinfeqcio aerozoliT damuSaveba, vinaidan proteinis garemos gareSe Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusi sicocxliunarianobas didi xniT ver inarCunebs. saTanado sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisTvis Seicavs 2% natriumis hidroqsids, 2% kaustikur sodas, detergentebsa da fenolis Semcvlelebs (2-dan 3 procentamde qloriniT) da iodis kompaundebs (Semcvelebs). gawmendis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT FAO-s saxelmZRvanelos likvidaciis meSveobiT daavadebis aRmofxvris procedurebis Sesaxeb. saRoris daclil mdgomareobaSi datovebis periodi Rorebis dakvlis Semdeg, aucilebelia saRoris dalageba-gawmendis procedurebis Catareba. amis Semdeg teritoria daclili rCeba garkveuli periodiT, romelic ganisazRvreba paTogenis sicocxlisunarianobis savaraudo vadiT. rogorc wesi, es periodi ufro xanmoklea cxeli klimatis qveynebSi, vidre civi an zomieri klimatis mqone qveynebSi. cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciaa, rom es periodi 40 dRemde mainc gagrZeldes. ufro xanmokle periodi SeiZleba usafrTxo iyos tropikebSi, vinaidan rogorc gamocdileba gviCvenebs, aseT adgilebSi Rorebis saRoreSi xelaxla dabinaveba usafrTxoa ukve xuTi dRis Semdeg da Tanac yovelgvari dasufTavebisa da dezinfeqciis gareSe. Tumca, saeWvoa, rom infeqciis keris sabolood likvidacia 40 dReze nakleb vadaSi iyos SesaZlebeli. Tu mocemul teritoriaze cnobilia Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusisTvis kompetenturi veqtorebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, maSin virusis gadarCenis SesaZleblobis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia teritoriis saguldagulod damuSaveba akaricidebiT. zedamxedvelobis zonebSi misaRebi zomebi zedamxedvelobis zonebSi daavadebis kontrolis Semdegi zomebia misaRebi: x Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemoRebuli unda iqnes daavadebis gaZlierebuli zedamxedvelobis meqanizmebi. yovelkvireulad unda moxdes Rorebis inspeqtireba zonaSi da maTi mepatroneebis gamokiTxva daavadebis SemTxvevebis, Rorebis gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb da a.S. aucilebelia daavadebuli Rorebis guldasmiT Semowmeba da sadiagnostiko nimuSebis laboratoriaSi gagzavna. zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba ufro martivi iqneba, Tu zogierTi samuSaos Sesruleba ukve informirebul fermerebs daevaleba, romelTac speciluri momzadeba aqvT gavlili. x unda aikrZalos Rorebis, Roris xorcisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis gatana inficirebuli zonebidan. SeiZleba daSvebuli iqnes maTi gadatana zedamxedvelobis zonebidan Tavisufal zonebSi, magram mx- 51 52 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis x x olod janmrTelobis Semowmebisa da auTenturobis (zusti warmoSobis) nebarTvis gacemis Semdeg. SeiZleba daSvebuli iqnes sasaklaoebisa da Roris xorcis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis muSaoba, magram zoosanitaruli wesebisa da normebis mkacrad dacvis pirobiT. mkacri zedamxedvelobisa da dadgenili wesebisa da normebis mkacri dacvis pirobiT, SeiZleba daSvebuli iqnes janmrTeli, cocxali RorebiT da sakvebad vargisi Roris xorciT vaWrobis gagrZeleba. daavadebisgan Tavisufal zonebsa da seqtorebSi misaRebi zomebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisuflebul zonebSi aqcenti unda gakeTdes daavadebis Semotanis prevenciaze da saerTaSorisod misaRebi mtkicebulebebis dagrovebaze, romlebic adasturebs rom aRniSnuli zonebi namdvilad Tavisufalia Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan. Rorebis an Roris xorcis produqtebis Semotana inficirebuli zonebidan unda aikrZalos, xolo zedamxedvelobis zonebidan SeiZleba daSvebuli iyos oficialuri nebarTvis safuZvelze da mxolod specialuri daniSnulebisTvis; kargi mmarTvelobis mqone fermebs, romlebic inficirebuli zonebis teritoriaze Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal kompartmentebad aris cnobili, epidemiologiuri da sanitaruli TvalsazrisiT iseTive statusi unda hqondes, rogorc zedamxedvelobis zonebs. kompartmenetebis inspeqtirebas awarmoeben calkeuli pirebi an jgufebi, romlebic manamde inficirebul teritoriaze minimum 72 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ar gasulan. inspeqciebis saregistracio reestri or egzemplarad unda warmoebdes (erTi gadaecema mepatrones, meore ki uwyebaSi inaxeba). Rorebis xelaxla moSeneba SeTanxmebuli salikvidacio periodis dasasruls, adre inficirebul fermebze an soflebSi SesaZlebeli iqneba Rorebis xelaxla Semotana im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs damarwmunebeli safuZveli vifiqroT, rom am fermebs/soflebs xelaxla inficireba aRar emuqreba. Rorebis suladobis srulad aRdgena unda moxdes mxolod e.w saindikatoro Rorebis Semotanis Semdeg, TiToeul adre inficirebul fermaze (normaluri suladobis daaxloebiT 10 procentis odenobiT). es saindikatoro Rorebi yoveldRiuri meTvalyureobis qveS unda darCnen eqvsi kviris ganmavlobaSi imisaTvis, rom davrwmundeT marTla arian isini Tavisufali Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tu ara, vidre daSvebuli iqneba Rorebis suladobis srulad aRdgena. Roris mepatroneebma unda gaacnobieron is sargebeli, romelsac biousafrTxoebis danergili principebis dacva uzrunvelyofs da is Sedegebi, romelsac am principebis darRveva iwvevs. Rorebis suladobis aRdgenis Semdeg, mocemul teritoriaze aucilebelia daavadebis intensiuri zedamxedvelobis warmoeba im dromde mainc, vidre mocemuli teritoria daavadebisgan Tavisufal teritoriad ar iqneba gamocxadebuli. mniSvnelovania, rom xelaxla moSenebis mizniT gamoyenebuli Rorebi Semotanili iyos Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan cnobili Tavisufali zonebidan an qveynebidan. Tu Rorebis Semotana sxva qveynebidan xdeba, cnobili unda iyos am qveynebis statusi Roris sxva mniSvnelovan daavadebebTan mimarTebaSi. daavadebis nacvlad sxva daavadebis Semotana katasrofis tolfasi iqneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT rom mis kontrols an aRmofxvras SeiZleba wlebi dasWirdes, rom araferi vTqvaT masTan dakavSrebul xarjebze. Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvraze mimarTuli kampaniis dasrulebis Semdeg, mocemul teiritoriaze Rorebis xelaxla moSenebisas SesaZlebeli sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva iqneba genetikuri jiSebis gaumjobeseba Rorebis xelaxla moSenebis programis nawilis saxiT, im SemTxvevaSi Tu: x Rorebi Semoyvanili iqneba iseTi saimedo wyaroebidan, rogoricaa adgilobrivi komerciuli fermebi, romlebic infeqcias gadaurCnen an sazRvargareTidan; x Roris mwarmoeblebi da bazari Tanamedrove jiSebs aniWeben upiratesobas; x modernizebuli meRoreobis praqtikis ganxorcielebisa da biousafrTxoebis ZiriTadi RonisZiebebis xelSewyoba moxdeba sakonsultacio momsaxurebis gawevis meSveobiT; x Roris Tanamedrove jiSebisTvis adeqtvaturi marTvis done iqneba uzrunvelyofili. Roris xelaxla moSenebisas, usafrTxo warmoebis praqtikis xelSewyoba erTerTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani RonisZiebaa. es gulisxmobs Rorebis Senaxvas saimedod aSenebul saRoreebSi, saidanac maT gareT gasvlis saSualeba ar miecema da imis uzrunvelyofas, rom Rorebs salafavi (narCenebi) sakvebis saxiT miewodeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi saTanadod iqneba momzadebuli (jer 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi unda iduRos, Semdeg ki gacivdes) an saerTod ar miewodeba. Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis/aRmofxvris RobisZiebaTa warmatebisTvis gadamwyveti faqtorebi sazogadoebis informireba da ganaTleba sazogadoebis informirebisa da ganaTlebis kampaniebi unda ganixilos, rogorc daavadebis kontrolisa da aRmofxvris kampaniebis mniSvnelovani elementebi. isini umTavresad gamiznuli unda iyos mcire fermerebze soflad da qalaqis periferiebSi, romlebic daavadebiT da Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis RonisZiebebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis qveS moeqcnen. radio programebi da sazogadoebrivi Sekrebebi informaciis gaziarebis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens. aseTi Sexvedrebi gansakuTrebiT kargad pasuxobs am mizans, radganc isini uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis monawileobis SesaZleblobas da SekiTxvebis dasmisa da iseTi masalebis gavrcelebis saSualebas, rogoricaa lifletebi da posterebi, romlebic xels uwyobs sazogadoebis Semecnebis donis amaRlebas. amgvari kampania unda awvdides adamianebs informacias daavadebis bunebisa da imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor unda moiqcnen saeWvo SemTxvevebis winaSe dadgomisas, daavadebis aRmofxvris kampaniis msvlelobisas ris gakeTeba SeuZliaT da risi ara da ratom da aseve ra upiratesobebi mohyveba Sedegad Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan gaTavisuflebas. aqcenti unda gakeTdes imaze, rom Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontroli sasikeTo Sedegebis momtania uSualod Roris mwarmoebelTaTvis da ara mTavrobisTvis. magram, es dadebiTi Sedegebi SeiZleba gabaTildes, Tu zedmetad mkacri sakontrolo zomebis gatarebiT gamowveuli ekonomikuri danakargebi bevrad aRemateba im danakargebs, romlebic daavadebis mizeziT iqna gamowveuli. fermebSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis gavrclebis Tavidan asacileblad Roris mepatroneTa mier RonisZiebebis gatareba da kargi praqtikis ganxorcieleba, uzrunvelyofs aseve Roris nebismieri sxva paTogenebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebasac. 53 54 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis kompensacia yvela im fermerebisTvis da sxva pirebisTvis, romelTac Rorebi dauxoces, CamoarTves Roris xorcis produqtebi an gaunadgures qoneba Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebis gatarebis dros, mniSvnelovania samarTliani kompensaciis gadaxda, pirutyvis bazarze moqmedi fasebis mixedviT. kompensaciis gadaxda SedegebisTvis ufro rTulia, vidre pirdapiri danakargebisTvis da SesaZloa miuRebeli iyos. kompensaciis gadaxda unda moxdes myisierad, araadeqvaturi an dagvianebuli kompensacia Tavis Tavad arasamarTliania da uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens kampaniaze, vinaidan es iwvevs ukmayofilebis zrdas, undoblobasa da kargavs fermerebs TanamSromlobis survils da ubiZgebs maTi mxridan daavadebis faqtebis damalvas. es aseve xels uwyobs inficirebuli zonebidan Rorebis kontrabanduli wesiT gamotanasa da aralegulurad gayidvas, rac danakargebis Tavdian acilebis mizniT xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi saukeTeso gamosavali iqneboda Rorebisa da produqtebis sabazro Rirebulebis dafarva. kompensaciis gadaxdis miznebisTvis, danakargebis Sefaseba unda moxdes gamocdili, damoukidebeli Semfaseblebis mier, Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia Roris koltebis, xorcisa da sxva produqtebis kategoriebis mixedviT Sefaseba. im qveynebSi, sadac Roris sxvadsxva jiSebia moSenebuli, dakluli RorebisTvis kompensaciis odenobis gansazRvris yvelaze samarTliani xerxia wonis mixedviT, Tanabari realuri fasis gadaxda erT kilogramze gaangariSebiT da amgvarad Roris jiSiT asakobriv/woniT jgufebSi ganpirobebuli sxvaobebiT Seqmnili problemebis Tavidan acileba. fuladi kompensaciis nacvlad Roris mepatroneebisTvis SesaZlebelia sajiSe saqonlis Canacvlebis SeTavazeba, Tu ki es maTTvis misaRebi iqneba. Semfaseblebs Soris aucileblad unda iyvnen kerZo an arasamTavrobo seqtorebis warmomadgenlebi, rac ori mizeziT aris ganpirobebuli: (1) azris/fasis dabalanseba da (2) ndoba sakuTari wris warmomadgenlis mimarT. socialuri daxmareba da reabilitacia Tavad Roris afrikuli cxeleba, Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis RonisZiebebi da Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvris kampania, epizootiisa da aRdgenis periodSi, savaraudod, sirTuleebs Seuqmnis daavadebis zemoqmedebis qveS moqceul fermerebsa da mosaxleobas. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, mTavrobam unda ganixilos daxmarebis gawevis SesaZlebloba daavadebis zemoqmedebis qveS moqceuli mosaxleobis jgufebisTvis. am dros SeiZleba adgili hqondes sakvebis ukmarisobas, gansakuTrebiT ki, inficirebul zonebSi da sasrvelia daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonebidan Roris xorcis an sxva saxis cxoveluri proteinis miwodebis formiT. daavadebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis qveS moqceul fermebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT sareabilitacio mxardaWeris gaweva, rac daexmarebaT imaSi, rom normaluri cxoverebis wess daubrundnen RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis Semdeg. daxmareba unda gaewios im fermebs, romelTac Tavi daaRwies infeqcias, magram miuxedavad amisa Roris gayidvas ver axerxeben Rorebis gadaadgilebis akrZalvis an sasaklaoebis daxurvis gamo da romelTac didi raodenobiT hyavT gasazrdeli goWebi, romlebsac sakvebi esaWiroebaT. sadac SeuZlebelia Rorebis sarealizaciod dakvlis gakontroleba, unda ganixilos daxmarebis gawevis SesaZlebloba sakvebis Sesasyidad saWiro Tanxis gamoyofis formiT. amasTan, unda vaRiaroT is faqti, rom fermerebi romlebmac Tavi daaRwies infeqcias epizootiis dros, erovnul resurs warmoadgenen da imsaxureben waxalisebas da ara dasjas. sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva Roris afrikuli cxelebis aRmofxvrisa da qveynis, zonis an regionis doneze daavadebisgan ganTavisuflebis faqtis dadastureba saerTaSoriso moTxovnebi cxovelTa janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis (OIE) xmeleTis cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis kodeqsi gansazRvravs, rom qveyana SeiZleba Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal qveyanad CaiTvalos maSin, rodesac damtkicdeba, rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba qveyanaSi wina sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ar dafiqsirebula. es periodi 12 Tvemdea Semcirebuli adre inficirebuli qveynebisTvis, romlebSic salikvidacio politika ukve ganxorcielda da damtkicda, rom arc Sinaur da arc gareul RorebSi an Rorebis sxva velur populaciebSi daavadebis niSnebi ar SeimCneva. magram, daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis statusis dasadastureblad rekomendebulia damarwmunebeli mtkicebulebebis mopoveba, gamiznuli virusuli zedaxedvelobis warmoebis meSveobiT da utyuari informaciis miwodeba savaWro partniorebisa da mezobeli qveynebisTvis. igive pirobebi moqmedebs Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonebis mimarT. ama Tu im qveynis zona SeiZleba Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufal zonad iqnes miCbeuli maSin, rodesac daavadeba qveynis mTel teirotirazea dafiqsirebuli, magram Sinaur an gareul RorebSi daavadebis damadasturebeli klinikuri, serologiuri an epidemiologiuri niSnebi ar aRiniSneboda gasuli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli zonis teritoriaze, an 12 Tvis manZilze - adre inficirebuli zonis teritoriaze, romelSic salikvidacio politika ganxorcielda da sadac SesaZlebelia imis damtkiceba, rom arc Sinauri da arc gareuli Rorebis populaciebi ar arian daavadebuli. aqac rekomendebulia gamiznuli virusuli zedaxedvelobis warmoeba daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis statusis dadasturebisTvis damarwmunebeli mtkicebulebebis mopovebis mizniT da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa savaWro partniorebisTvis, momijnave regionebisa da mezobeli qveynebisTvis. Tavisufali zonis sazRvrebi zedmiwevniT zustad unda iyos Semofargluli. aucilebelia cxovelTa jandacvasTan dakavSirebuli im debulebebis gamoqveyneba, romlebic krZalavs Sinauri an gareuli Rorebis gadayvanas inficirebuli qveynidan an zonidan daavadebisgan Tavisufal zonaSi da maTi mkacrad Sesruleba. daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis teritoriaze Rorebis gadaadgileba sistematuri inspeqtirebisa da zedamxedvelobis qveS unda warmoebdes, Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Tavisufali zonis statusis SesanarCuneblad. cxoevlTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier, arc Tu ise didi xnis win, SemoRebul iqna kompartmentalizaciis koncefcia, warmoebis obieqtebis an jaWvebis konkretuli daavadebebisgan gaTavisuflebis statusis aRiarebis dasaSvebad. saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi jer-kidev ar aris sabolood Camoyalibebuli, magram isini emyareba biousafrTxoebis SemoRebul RonisZiebebsa da zedamxedvelobas, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisobis sertifikatis an cnobis gacemas (maregulirebeli mandati). sagangebo gegmis nawilis saxiT, TiToeul qveyanas SemuSavebuli unda hqondes saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebaTa sistema imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor xdeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis gadacema, romelsac daavadebis afeTqebis dros gamoiyenebs Tavisufali kompartmentebis (zonebis) gansazRvrisa da SenarCunebis mizniT. aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi sagangebo gegmis danarTSi unda iyos mocemuli. 55 56 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis daavadebisgan gaTavisuflebis dadastureba iseTi daavadebebisgan gansxvavebiT, rogoricaa saqonlis Savi Wiri, jilexi, msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis plevropnevmonia an encefalopaTia, romlisganac gaTavisuflebis dadasturebis gzebi ukve arsebobs da miRebulia cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier, Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan gaTavisuflebis Semowmebisa da dadasturebisTvis saerTaSorisod miRebuli oqmi jer-jerobiT SemoRebuli ar aris. mtkicebulebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis an qveynis aRdgenili statusis saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mosapoveblad, SeiZleba moicavdes iseT dokumentacias, romelic miuTiTebs rom: x qveyanaSi arsebobs efeqturi veterinaruli samsaxuri, romelsac SeuZlia qveyanaSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis xelaxla Semotanis an gavrcelebis Tavidan acileba, afeTqebaTa gamovlena da maT winaaRmdeg RonisZiebebis dauyovnebliv gatareba; suraTi 9 gareuli Rorebis (<30 kg) daWeris umartivesi meTodi, goWebis gadayvane SeiZleba xis yuTiT, mozrdilebs sasurvelia CautardeT anesTezia. sagangebo mdgomareobisas, reagirebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva x daavadebis zedamxedvelobis efeqturi sistemaa SemoRebuli da Roris afrikuli cxelebis gamovlenis mizniT vet.samsaxurebis mier regularulad warmoebs Semowmebebi savele, laboratorul pirobebSi da sasaklaoebze. iq, sadac gareuli cxovelebis populaciebi arsebobs, es veluri cxovelebis dargSi kompetentur uwyebebTan erTad keTdeba; x Roris afrikuli cxelebis saeWvo SemTxvevebi srulad aris gamokvleuli da arsebuli dokumentacia Seicavs daavadebis SemTxvevaTa saboloo diagnozs; x ganxorcielebulia kompleqsuri SerCeviTi, stratificirebuli serologiuri kontroli da uaryofiTi Sedegia miRebuli. gareuli Roris populaciebi Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciaze unda Semowmdes. amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia tipiur teritoriebze zogierTi cxovelis specialurad monadirebisa da maTi qsovilebis Roris afrikuli cxelebis antigenebze da Sratis antisxeulebze Semowmebis gziT. qveynebis umravlesobas SemoRebuli aqvs nadirobis sezoni, ra drosac monadireebisgan SesaZlebelia maT mier nadirobisas mokluli gareuli Rorebis sisxlisa da organoebis nimuSebis mopoveba. serologiuri nimuSebi warsulSi gadatanili infeqciis sakmarisi dasturia da sadac amis finansuri SesaZlebloba arsebobs, sakmarisia daWrili, trankvilizatoris qveS myofi gareuli Rorebis Semowmeba. vinaidan afrikulisgan gansxvavebiT, evropul gareul Rorebs, Roris afrikuli cxelebis winaaRmdeg imuniteti ar gaaCniaT, daxocili cxovelebis zedamxedveloba da maTi sikvdilis mizezis dadgena Zalze mniSvnelovania iq, sadac cxovelebis daxocvas aqvs adgili, Roris afrikuli cxelebis gaCenis Semdgom periodSi. 57 59 Tavi 7 saorganizacio RonisZiebebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebuli sagangebo sainformacio kampaniis dros funqciebi da mmarTveli struqturebi qveynis mTavari veterinari an masTan gaTanabrebuli piri, rogoricaa vet.samsaxuris direqtori, pasuxismgebelia Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciebisTvis mzadyofnisa da maTi marTvis uzrunvelyofis saerTo teqnikur mxareze. Tumca sabolood, pasuxismgebloba Sesabamisi uwyebis ministrs eniWeba. am bolo wlebis periodSi, bevr qveyanaSi ganxorcielda erovnuli vet. samsaxurebis restruqturizacia da racionalizacia. aRniSnuli procesi moicavda vet.samsaxurebis regionalizaciasa da funqciebis gadacemas, vet. samsaxurebis privatizacias, strategiuli funqciebis operatiulisgan ganijvnasa da vet.laboratoriebisa da savele vet.samsaxurebis administraciuli funqciebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas. es axali struqturebi sakmarisad ganviTarda imisaTvis, rom daakmayofilos cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxurebis moTxovnebi gegmiuri momsaxurebis miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT. miuxedavad amisa, isini xSirad ver umklavdebian cxovelTa jandacvasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili msxvilmasStabiani sagangebo mdgomareobis marTvas, rodesac gadawyvetilebebis miReba swrafad unda moxdes yvela wyarodan xelmisawvdomi saimedo informaciis gaanalizebis safuZvelze. amgvarad miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi mkafiod Camoyalibebuli brZanebebis saxiT unda gadaeces maT Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebel pirebs. unda arsebobdes gacemuli brZanebebis Sesrulebisa da miRebuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb informaciis uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi. mokled rom iTqvas, amoqmedebuli unda iyos efeqturi meqanizmebi informaciisa da miTiTebebis gadacemisTvis erovnuli vet.samsaxurebis Stabidan savele an laboratorul pirobebSi daavadebasTan brZolis wina xazze da sapasuxo informaciis StabSi gadacemisaTvis. cxadia imisaTvis, rom sagangebo viTarebaSi yvelaferi swrafad da efeqturad moxdes, ama Tu im qveynis vet.samsaxurs unda gaaCndes kargad organizebuli marTvis struqtura, an marTvis xazovani sistema, Tundac daavadebis afeTqebaze reagireba sagangebo viTarebis periodSi. Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT sagangebo mdgomareobis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisi pasuxismgebeli sturqturebisa da xazebis swrafad da efeqturad amoqmedebisTvis, winaswar SemuSavebuli gegma unda arsebobdes. es SeiZleba moicavdes sagangebo mdgomareobis dadgomamde sakmao xniT adre, qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan erTi an meti sakiTxis mogvarebas: x SeTanxmebis miRwevas imis Taobaze, rom saswrafo daxmareba cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxurebis mxridan, erovnul doneze iqneba organizebu- 60 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis li da rom qveynis mTavari veterinari Tavis Tavze aiRebs mTel pasuxismgeblobas sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebasTan dakavSirebiT da angariSvaldebuli iqneba uSualod ministris winaSe; x TanamSromlobis meqanizmis dafuZnebas saministroebsa da sxva uwyebebs Soris, rogoricaa policia, jari, finansTa, cxovelTa dacvis, ganaTlebis, mas-mediisa da jandacvis samsaxurebi, ramac SeiZleba moiTxovos komitetis Seqmna ama Tu im saministrosTan/uwyebasTan; sagangebo situaciaSi komitetis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebuli biurokaratiuli garTulebebis Tavidan asacileblad, mizanSewonili iqneba mudmivmoqmedi komitetis dafuZneba; x regionis an provinciis xelisuflebasTan SeTanxmebas imis Taobaze, rom maTi vet.samsaxurebis personali gadava qveynis mTavari veterinaris daqvemdebarebaSi, xazovani marTvis sistemis pirobebSi, cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebis programis gansaxorcieleblad. aseve miRweuli unda iqnes SeTanxmebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs regionuli savele vet.samsaxurebisa da laboratoriebis sruli SemadgenlobiT monawileobas sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis mzadyofnis RonisZiebaTa dagegmvisa da specialuri momzadebis programebSi; x TanamSromlobis dafuZneba erovnuli vet. samsaxurebis StabTan, daavadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciis Sesaxeb adreul etapze gafrTxilebis uzrunvelsayofad da maT Soris, sagangebo situaciaSi daavadebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb erovnuli StabisTvis informaciis gadacemis mizniT; x SeTanxmeba samTavrobo seqtoris mTavari vet.samsaxurebisTvis da maT Soris, centraluri vet.laboratoriis gadayvanis Sesaxeb qveynis mTavari veterinaris mmarTveli struqturis daqvemdebarebaSi, sagangebo pirobebSi daavadebaze reagirebis moxdenis mizniT; x xelSekrulebebis gaformeba kerZo seqtoris saveterinaro organizaciebTan, universitetebTan da sxva samecniero da kvleviT institutebTan cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciis dros sagangebo momsaxurebis gawevis Taobaze; x saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeTanxmebas kerZo vet.samsaxurebis kadrebis droebiT samTavrobo seqtorSi daqiravebis pirobebis Sesaxeb; x sxva qveynebTan SeTanxmebas teqnikuri an saopracio daxmarebis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze (adamianuri resursebi), sagangebo mdgomareobis Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi. bevr qveyanaSi, veterinariis dargSi kerZo seqtori mcirea an saerTod ar arsebobs da daavadebis kontrolis ganxorcielebaSi, isini araveterinarTa daxmarebis imedad SeiZleba darCnen. aseT SemTxvevaSi unda arsebobdes momijnave seqtorebSi xelmisawvdomi resursebis mobilizebis meqanizmi, rogoricaa soflis meurneobis sakiTxebSi sakonsultacio samsaxuris an mosaxleobis mier dafinansebuli cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuris muSakebi, romelTac Sesabamisi specialuri momzadeba aqvT gavlili. cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis procesSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs yvela SesaZlo monawileTa gansazRvras da maTi mxridan epizootiis SemTxvevaSi, dauyovnebliv moqmedebis mzadyofnis uzrunvelyofas. sakonsultacio komiteti cxovelTa sagangebo daavadebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi qveynebisTvis SeiZleba Zalian sasargeblo aRmoCndes cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi sakonsulta- saorganizacio RonisZiebebi sainformacio kampaniis dros cio komitetis Seqmna, romelsac isini moiwveven Roris afrikuli cxelebiT (an cxovelTa nebismieri sxva transsasazRvro daavadebiT) gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobis SeqmnisTanave da romelic regularulad Seikribeba sagangebo mdgomareobaSi daavadebaze reagirebis periodSi. es arsobrivad teqnikuri komiteti iqneba, romlis funqciaSic Seva: epidemiologiuri da daavadebis kontrolTan dakavSirebiT sxva informaciis gadamowmeba; sagangebo gegmebis amoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT rekomendaciebis uzrunvelyofa; RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebaze zedamxedvelobis warmoeba; da qveynis mTavari veterinarisa da ministrisTvis rCevis uzrunvelyofa RonisZiebaTa dagegmvasTan dakavSirebiT. cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo situaciebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi sakonsultacio komitetis SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodnen: x qveynis mTavari veterinari (Tavmjdomare); x savele vet.samsaxuris direqtori/daavadebaTa kontrolis samsaxuris direqtori; x epidemiologiuri erTeulis xelmZRvaneli; x Statebis, provinciebis an regionebis vet.samsaxurebis ufrosebi; x erovnuli vet.laboratoriis direqtori; x daavadebis afeTqebis adgilebSi regionuli vet.laboratoriebis direqtorebi; x fermerTa jgufebis an organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi; x sxva ZiriTadi jgufebis warmomadgenlebi, rogoricaa erovnul veterinarTa asociaciebi an veterinaruli universitetebi; x saWiroebisamebr, teqnikosi-eqspertebi, rogoricaa cxovelTa dacvis specialistebi da entomologebi da maT Soris, Tu SesaZlebelia damkvirveblebis saxiT, daavadebasTan brZolis sakiTxebSi gamocdili veterinarebi, romlebic ukve pensiaze arian gasuli. Tu mmarTveli sturqturis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia, maSin mniSvnelovania cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo situaciasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi, sakonsultacio komitetis formireba, romelic uzrunvelyofs sagangebo RonisZiebaTa gatarebasTan dakavSirebiT SeTanxmebuli midgomis SemuSavebas. rodesac sagangebo situaciaSi daavadebaze reagirebis RonisZiebebi ar xorcieldeba, mizanSewonilia saimitacio swavlebis (werilobiTi savarjiSoebi an savele pirobebSi testireba) Catareba imis dasadastureblad, rom sakomunikacio da saoperacio gegmebi gamarTulad muSaoben da rom komerciuli an adgilobrivi warmoebis seqtorTan myari kavSiria. uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tavidan asacileblad aucilebelia mezobeli qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso an regionuli organizaciebis winaswar gafrTxileba saimitacio swavlebis Catarebis Sesaxeb. cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri qveynebma unda Seqmnan cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis mudmivmoqmedi erovnuli centrebi. Roris afrikuli cxelebis an cxovelTa sxva sagangebo daavadebis afeTqebis SemTxvevaSi, centri pasuxismgebeli unda iyos qveynis mTavari veterinaris winaSe sagangebo daavadebis kontrolis erovnul RonisZiebaTa koordinirebaze. centri ganTavsebuli unda iyos erovnuli vet.samsaxurebis StabSi da erovnuli epidemiologiuri erTeuli masTan unda iyos mimagrebuli an mWidroT TanamSromlobdes. qveynis mTavar veterinars SeuZlia politikis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebuli yoveldRiuri funqciebi gadaabaros centris xelmZRvanels (Cveulebriv, es ufrosi vet.muSakia). sagangebo mdgomareobaSi daavadebaze reagirebis periodSi, cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centris funqciebi moicavs: 61 62 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis x qveynis mTavari veterinarisa da cxovelTa daavadebebis kontrolis erovnuli centris mier daavadebaTa kontrolis SeTanxmebuli politikis ganxorcielebas; x cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebis mier warmoebuli samuSaoebis xelmZRvanelobas da monitorings; x personalisa da sxva resursebis siebis ganaxlebasa da Sedgenas, imis miTiTebiT Tu saidan SeiZleba SemdgomSi resursebis mobilizeba; x adgilobriv centrebSi kadrebisa da resursebis ganawileba; x maragebis SekveTa da miwodeba (Roris afrikuli cxelebis garda sxva daavadebebisTvis gankuTvnili vaqcinebi); x RonisZiebebis ganmxorcielebis procesis monitorings da qveynis mTavari veterinarisTvis teqnikuri rCevis uzrunvelyofas; x qveynis mTavari veterinarisTvis rCevis uzrunvelyofas daavadebis kontrolis zonebisa da raionebis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT; x im sawarmoTa siebisa da sakontaqto monacemTa ganaxlebasa da Sedgenas, romlebic maRali riskis qveS imyofebian an Tavad warmoadgenen maRal risks; x kavSiris warmoeba sagangebo mdgomareobaSi daavadebaze reagirebis procesSi CarTul jgufebTan da maT Soris im jgufebTan, romlebic amoqmedebulni arian daavadebis sagangebo erovnuli gegmis nawilis saxiT; x saerTaSoriso masStabiT daavadebisa da daavadebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb angariSebis momzadebas daavadebisgan Tavisufali zonis an qveynis statusis aRiarebis mosapoveblad; x fermerTa informirebisa da informaciis (maT Soris pres-relizebis) sajarod gamoqveynebis programebis ganxorcielebis procesis marTva; x saerTo da finansuri administrireba da aRricxvis warmoeba. cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri srulyofilad unda iyos aRWurvili qveynis 1:50 000 masStabis rukebiT (an kompiuteruli darukebis monacemTa baziT, romelic CvenTvis saintereso adgilebis ufro detalur gamosaxulebas uzrunvelyofs) da sakomunikacio teqnikiT (telefonis, radios, el.fostisa da faqsis CaTvliT), regionul vet.samsaxurebTan an cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobriv centrebsa da vet.laboratoriebTan kavSiris dasamyareblad. aseTi centri dakavSirebuli unda iyos sainformacio sistemasTan, romelic uzrunvelyofs informacias daavadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebi Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobaSi, veterinarul da sasoflo-sameurneo sakiTxebSi sakonsultacio samsaxurebis saolqo ganyofilebebi, romlebic inficirebul kerebTan yvelaze axlos mdebareoben, moqmedeben rogorc cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebi. zedamxedvelobis an daavadebis kontroliT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva samuSaoebis warmoebis mizniT jgufebs, erT dReSi, unda SeeZloT nebismier adgilas Casvla da ukan dabruneba. cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis droebiTi adgilobrivi centrebis ganTavsebis adgilebi (magaliTad, adgilobriv samTavrobo uwyebebTan), winaswar unda iyos SeTanxmebuli. regionuli da saolqo vet.samsaxurebis muSakebi pasuxismgebeli arian daavadebis kontrolis im samuSaoebze, romlebic maT teritoriebze warmoebs da ufleba aqvT Sevidnen fermebSi, Seagrovon nimuSebi da miiRon zomebi maT mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis Semotanis/gatanis Tavidan asacileblad. isini uzrunvelyofili unda iyvenen: nimuSebis Segrovebisa da gadacemisTvis saWiro masalebiT; macivriT, saorganizacio RonisZiebebi sainformacio kampaniis dros romelic saWiroa xanmokle drois ganmavlobaSi nimuSebis Sesanaxad; damcavi tanisamosiT; sadezinfeqcio saSualevbaTa garkveuli maragiT; satransporto saSualebiT da sawvaviT; da aseve sakomunikacio saSualebiT, romelic qveynis mTavar veterinarTan dakavSirebistvis aris saWiro. saxelmwifo struqturebma unda uzrunvelyon TanamSromloba sxva samsaxurebis mxridan, rogoricaa policia, sazogadoebrivi samuSaoebis departamentebi da masmediis saSualebebi, romlebic daxmarebas gauweven daavadebis gavrcelebis prevenciaSi. aseTi muSakebi uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen saWiro masalebiT sazogadoebis informirebisTvis da fermerebisTvis intensiuri swavlebis Casatareblad da sainformacio kampaniebis gansaxorcieleblad. uwinares yovlisa ki, isini yovelTvis zedmiwevniT zust informacias unda flobdnen daavadebis statusisa da aseve cxovelTa daxocvis da kompensaciis gadaxdis Sesaxeb, rodesac adgili aqvs aseTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas. 63 65 Tavi 8 damxmare gegmebi damxmare gegmebi uzrunvelyofs mxardaWeras Roris afrikuli cxelebis an nebismieri sxva daavadebis SemTxvevaSi sagangebo samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebisTvis. finansuri gegma finansuri resursebis dagvianebiT mobilizeba warmoadgens mTavar dabrkolebas sagangebo daavadebaTa afeTqebebze swrafad reagirebisTvis. mcireodeni finansuri resursebis myisieri gamoiyeneba, samomavloT mniSvnelovani xarjis Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobas mogcemT. amdenad winaswari finansuri dagegmva, sagangebo viTarebaSi daavadebaze reagirebisTvis mzadyofnis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens. finansuri gegmebis SemuSaveba saWiroa imisaTvis, rom daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobaze reagirebis mosaxdenad garantirebuli iyos sagangebo fondebis dauyovnebliv gamoyofa. aRniSnuli Tanxebi gawerilia im aucilebeli xarjebisTis, romlebic aRemateba saxelmwifo vet.samsaxurebisTvis gamoyofili normaluri saoperacio xarjebis odenobas. finansur gegmebs amtkiceben saxelmwifo departamentebi da maT Soris, ekonomikuri dagegmvis uwyeba da finansTa saministro (departamenti). sagangebo situaciebisTvis gamoyofili finansuri resursebiT SesaZlebelia daavadebis kontrolis/aRmofxvris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli saerTo xarjebis dafarva. magram, ufro xSirad es winaswar momzadebuli dafinansebis wyaroa, romelic veterinarul departaments saSualebas aZlevs myisierad daiwyos moqmedeba da gaataros is RonisZiebebi, romlebsac sawyisi fazebi moicavs da daiwyos afeTqebis adgilze viTarebisa da sakontrolo RonisZiebaTa programis ganxilva. savele situaciaSi ukeT garkvevisTanave da saxelmwifo departamentisTvis arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb moxsenebis Semdeg, daavadebis sabolood aRmosafxvrelad saWiro Tanxebi damatebiT unda iqnes gamoyofili. finansuri resursebis gamoyofis pirobebi winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli. Cveulebriv, qveynis mTavar veterinars finansuri resursebiT uzrunvelyofen maSin, rodesac: x Roris afrikuli cxelebiT an sxva sagangebo daavadebis diagnozi dadasturebulia an saeWvo x daavadebis afeTqeba eqvemdebareba kontrols an aRmofxvras; x daavadebis kontrolis gegmebi mzad aris da damtkicebulia. finansuri resursebi SeiZleba gamoyofili iyos am miznisTvis gankuTvnili specialuri fondebis saxiT, an xelmisawvdomi iyos sakredito uflebis saxiT samTavrobo angariSze winaswar SeTanxmebuli Tanxis odenobaze. zogierT qveyanaSi sasurvelia, rom mTavrobam da kerZo seqtorma daafinanson Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg programebi im moculobiT, romelzec SeTanxmdebian TiToeuli aseTi daavadebis aRmofxvris Sedegad mopovebuli sazogadoebrivi da kerZo sargeblis bunebisa da odenobis gansazRvris Semdeg. dafinansebis formula SeTanxmebis sagans warmoadgens: TiToeul seqtors SeuZlia gadaixados daavadebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul RonisZiebaTa kampaniis mTliani Rorebulebis fiqsirebuli pro- 66 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis centiT an daafinansos konkretuli komponenti. Tu dafinansebaSi kerZo seqtori monawileobs, aucilebelia ganisazRvros visTvis aris momgebiani esa Tu is komponenti (komponentebi) da Sesabamisad, visze unda gadanawildes xarjebis dafarva. es SeiZleba iyos gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi, savaWro da fermerTa organizaciebi. aseve unda ganisazRvros kerZo seqtoridan Tanxebis mobilizebis wesi. es SeiZleba gakeTdes mesaqonleobis dabegvris meSveobiT (SesaZlebelia pirutyviT vaWrobis garigebebze an mis dakvlaze gadasaxadis SemoReba), uzrunvelyofili finansuri resursebis an sawarmos dazRvevis saxiT. nebayoflobiTi indivudualuri sadazRvevo polisebi sakmarisia daavadebiT an daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebis Sedegad miyenebuli zaralisgan dasazRvevad, magram sakmarisi ar aris daavadebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli mTliani xarjis dasafaravad. sagangebo daavadebis aRmofxvris mTliani kampaniis dafinanseba SeiZleba aRematebodes erovnuli resursebis moculobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi, gegmebi winaswar unda SemuSavdes SesaZlo saerTaSoriso donorebis gamovlenis mizniT da maT Soris, sagangebo daxmarebis misaRebad FAO-s an sxva saerTaSoriso saagentoebisgan. dafinansebis misaRebad ganacxadebis Sevsebis procedurebi da maTi Cabarebis moTxovnebi winaswar unda iyos gansazRvruli. finansuri gegma unda Seicavdes Roris mepatroneebisTvis gankuTvnil debulebebs daavadebis aRmofxvris RonisZiebis dros ganadgurebuli pirutyvis an qonebisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdis Sesaxeb; sakvebis SeZenis Sesaxeb im fermerebisTvis, romelTac janmrTeli Rorebi hyavT da Roris gayidvis akrZalvis Sedegad garkveuli zarali miadga; da sagangebo daxmarebis gaweva im adamianebisTvis, romlebic seriozulad dazaraldnen sakvebis ukmarisobis gamo, romelic daavadebis an daavadebis kontrolis RornisZiebam gamoiwvia. amgvari finansuri dagegmva mxolod soflis meurneobis an mecxoveleobis departamentis kompetencias ar unda warmoadgendes da masSi monawileoba unda miiRon sxva Sesabamisma saministroebmac (mag: finansTa, vaWrobis, garemos dacvis da. a.S agreTve da premier ministris aparati). resursebis dagegmva resursebis gegmis momzadebaSi pirveli nabijia resursebis aRricxva. es gulisxmobs im resursebis CamoTvlas (maT Soris personalis, aRWurvilobisa da sxva masalebis), romlebic saWiroa Roris afrikuli cxelebis an sxva daavadebis mciremasStabian afeTqebaze reagirebis mosaxdenad. resursebis Semdegi CamonaTvali SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc saindikatoro da ara amomwuravi CamonaTvli: cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis erovnuli centri x x x x x x x x x daavadebis kontrolis sakiTxebSi ufrosi vet.muSakebi da epidemiologebi; veterinarebi da biologebi. entomologebi. saoperacio, materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis, safinanso da administraciuli dargis muSakebi. epidemiolgiuri da sxva saxis informaciis aRricxvisa da damuSavebisTvis saWiro kadrebi. 1:50 000 da 1:10 000 masStabis rukebi. komputerebi da sxva teqnikuri mowyobiloba. sakomunikacio saSualebebi adgilobriv xelmZRvanelobasTan dasakavSireblad, rogoricaa telefoni, faqsi da el.fosta. mimdinare xarjebis fondi (eqvemdebareba aRricxvas). damxmare gegmebi cxovelTa daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centrebi x daavadebis kontrolis sakiTxebSi ufrosi vet.muSakebi da epidemiologebi. x teqnikuri mxardaWeris, saoperacio da administraciuli muSakebi. x ofisebi. x saofise aRWurviloba. x rukebi. x telefoni da faqsi. x mimdinare xarjebis fondi (eqvemdebareba aRricxvas). x proformebi daavadebis kontrolis operaciebisTvis. garkveul garemoebebSi, SesaZloa xelmisawvdomi iyos kompiuterebi da el.fosta. sadiagnostiko laboratoriebi x x x x x x specialurad momzadebuli laboratoriis personali. laboratoriis standartuli aRWurviloba, romelic karg samuSao mdgomareobaSia. specialuri aRWurviloba ZiriTadi sagangebo daavadebebisTvis, romelic karg samuSao mdgomareobaSia. sadiagnostiko reagentebi Casatarebeli testebisTvis. miTiTebul laboratoriaSi, saerTaSorisod miRebuli nimuSebis gadasatani konteinerebi. miTiTebul laboratoriaSi nimuSebis gagzavnis oqmebi. diagnostika/zedamxedveloba x x x x x x x x x x x x veterinarebi da damxmare vet.samsaxurebis muSakebi. transporti. rukebi. sakomunikacio saSualebebi da maT Soris poziciis dasafiqsirebeli sistemebi (GPS-sistema). bukletebi da posterebi daavadebis (daavadebaTa) Sesaxeb. aRWurviloba sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebisa da transportirebisTvis: sisxlis nimuSis SegrovebisaTvis saWiro aRWurviloba; leSis gasakveTi iaraRebis krebuli; sayinule; nebadarTuli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi, sapnebi da sarecxi fxvnilebi; magari jagrisebi. mowyobiloba Roris dasakaveblad. dakvla, Camarxva da dezinfeqcia x x x x x x x x vet. muSakebi da sxva personali, romelic awarmoebs zedamxedvelobas. satransporto saSualeba. Rorebis dasaxocad saWiro, nebadarTuli aRWurviloba. damcavi tanisamosi. mowyobiloba Roris dasakaveblad. mtvirTavi, frontaluri CatvirTvis mowoybilobiT da miwis saTxreli aRWurviloba. nebadarTuli sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi, sapnebi da sarecxi fxvnilebi. magari jagrisebi. 67 68 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis x x x x barebi da saxexebi. aRWurviloba maRali wnevis WavliT recxvisTvis. Camqrali kiri Roris leSis dasafaravad, Tu maTi dawva SesaZlebeli ar aris. leSis dasawvavad saWiro sawvavi (Cveulebriv, dizelis nazavi mcire raodenobis benzinTan) da Zveli saburavebi wvis procesis dasaCqareblad, haeris cirkulaciis xelSewyobisa da maRali temperaturis SenarCunebis gziT. sakarantino da pirutyvis gadaadgilebis kontrolis meqanizmebi x aRmasrulebelTa jgufebi. x satransporto saSualeba. x gzebze ganTavsebuli sakontrolo punqtebi. x niSnebi da posterebi. unda momzaddes arsebuli resursebis CamonaTvali, romelSic miTiTebuli iqneba specifikaciebi, raodenoba da adgilmdebareoba. aucilebelia specialistebis aRmricxveli reestris warmoeba, sadac miTiTebuli iqneba maTi kvalifikacia da Roris afrikul cxelebis SemTxvevebTan muSaobis gamocdileba. daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnul centrsa da regionul ofisebSi, yovelwliurad (minimum) unda moxdes resursebis CamonaTvalisa da kadrebis aRmricxveli reestrebis ganaxleba. saWiro da xelmisawvdomi resursebis siebis Sejereba resursebSi deficitis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas uzrunvelyofs. resursebis gegmaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, arsebul naklovanebobaTa Sevsebis saSualebebi, sagangebo mdgomarebis SemTxvevaSi. saimitacio (simulaciuri) swavleba aseve dagexmarebaT resursebis dagegmvaSi arsebuli defeqtebisa da naklovanebobis gamovlenaSi da amgvarad SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi gamosworeba. damatebiTi aucilebeli resursebis moZiebisTvis sxvadsxva alternativebi arsebobs: x im adgilebis CamonaTvali, sadac SesaZlebelia ZiriTadi aRWurvilobisa da maragebis SeZena, daqiraveba an Txoveba; x centraluri maRazia, sadac SesaZlebelia Znelad mosapovebeli saqonlis SeZena, rogoricaa sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi da saqoneli, romlis momzadebasac dro sWirdeba, rogoricaa proformebi; x SeTanxmebebi sxva saxelmwifo uwyebebidan personalisa da aRWurvilobis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT, magaliTad, miwis saTxreli aRWurvilobis Taobaze transportisa da miwis samuSaoebze pasuximgebel departamentTan, xolo sakomunikacio saSualebaTa Taobaze Tavdacvis samsaxurebTan; x SeTanxmebebi veterinarTa asociaciebTan droebiTi dasaqmebis Taobaze, praqtikosi veterinarebis an veterinaruli fakultetis studentebis mobilizebaze sagangebo situaciis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi. sadiagnostiko agentebis miwodeba konkretul problemebTan aris dakavSirebuli, vinaidan saerTaSoriso wyaroebi SezRuduli raodenobiT aris xelmisawvdomi. saimedo sadiagnostiko agentebis wyaroebis Taobaze konsultaciisTvis mimarTeT Roris afrikuli cxelebis saerTaSoriso laboratorias (www.oie.int/ an http://empres-i.fao.org/empres-i/home ). unda aRiniSnos, rom adeqvaturi sadiagnostiko SesaZleblobebis SenarCunebisa da kompetenciis uzrunvelyofisTvis, laboratoriebma regularulad unda Caataron sabazo testebi nimuSebze, romelTa statusi cnobilia an ucnobi. testis nimuSebi periodulad unda gaigzavnos cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciisa da FAO-s mier miTiTebul laborato- damxmare gegmebi riebSi, Tundac uaryofiTi pasuxebis jvaredini kontrolisTvis. sasurvelia monawileobis miReba mezobeli qveynebisa da miTiTebuli laboratoriis mier erToblivad organizebuli e.w precipitaciis diagnostikis rgolisebr testebSi. cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis an FAO-s miTiTebul centrebSi Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis dasadastureblad an virusis daxasiaTebisTvis, nimuSebis Cabarebis procesis daCqarebis mizniT daukavSirdiT FAO-s, el.fostis misamarTze empres . . resursebis dagegmvisa da inventarizaciis siebis ganaxleba yovelwliurad unda warmoebdes. kanonmdebloba daavadebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis mzadyofnis RonisZiebaTa dagegmvis procesSi aucilebelia parlamentis aqtebis an samTavrobo dadgenilebebis amoqmedeba, romlebic uzrunvelyofs sakanonmdeblo bazas da daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro uflebamosilebas. es SeiZleba moicavdes kanonmdeblobas, romelic iTvalsiwinebs: x Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da cxovelTa sxva pirveli rigis daavadebaTa SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis savaldebulo wesiT Setyobinebas; x oficialuri pirebis an sxva specialurad daniSnuli personalis daSvebas fermebis an mecxoveleobis sxva sawarmoTa teritoriaze, daavadebis zedamxedvelobis da maT Soris, sadiagnostiko nimuSebis Segrovebis mizniT da daavadebis kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad; x teritoriebis inficirebul teritoriebad da daavadebis kontrolis zonebad gamocxadebas; x fermebis an mecxoveleobis sxva sawarmoTa karantinSi moqcevas; x pirutyvis, cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis an potenciurad dabinZurebuli masalebis gadaadgilebis akrZalvasa da cxovelTa jandacvis organizaciis mier winaswar dadgenil pirobebSi maT gadaadgilebaze nebarTvebis gacemas; x inficirebuli an potenciurad inficirebuli pirutyvisa da dabinZurebuli an potenciurad dabinZurebuli produqtebisa da masalebis savaldebulo wesiT ganadgurebasa da usafrTxod utilizacias, samarTliani kompensaciis gadaxdis pirobiT; x daavadebis kontrolis sxva RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebas; x daavadebis kontrolis programis nawilis saxiT ganadgurebuli pirutyvisa da qonebis mepatroneebisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdasa da amgvari kompensaciisTvis standartebis gansazRvras; x maRali riskis sawarmoebisa da pirutyvis bazrebisTvis, sasaklaoebisa da sayasboebisTvis savaldebulo wesiT dasacavi normebisa da wesebis SemoRebas da daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebas; x sadac es misaRebia, cxovelTa savaldebulo wesiT identificirebas. federaluri marTvis sistemis mqone qveynebSi, qveynis mTel teritoriaze unda moqmedebdes harmonizebuli, SesabamisobaSi moyvanili kanonmdebloba cxovelTa daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT. igive wesi unda moqmedebdes qveynebs Soris, im regionebSi, sadac Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebiT daSvebulia SeuzRudavi vaWroba Sinauri cxovelebiT da cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebiT (magaliTad, evrokavSirSi). 69 71 Tavi 9 samoqmedo gegma samoqmedo gegma warmoadgens miTiTebebis krebuls, romelic moicavs sakontrolo zomebs, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobaSi, dawyebuli daavadebis pirveli saeWvo SemTxvevidan mis sabolood aRmofxvramde. igi dawvrilebiT aRwers im moqmedebebs, romlebic Roris afrikuli cxelebis pirveli saeWvo SemTxvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis Semdeg unda ganxorcieldes. mocemuli Tavi uzrunvelyofs zogad saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs im qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic unda ganxorcieldes Roris afrikuli cxelebis afeTqebis TiToeul fazaSi, magram yvela qveyanas vet.samsaxuris gansaxvavebuli maregulirebeli struqtura gaaCnia. yvela qveyanam unda SeimuSaos sakuTari samoqmedo gegma, romelSic gansazRvrulni iqnebian ToToeuli moqmedebisTvis pasuxismgebeli pirebi. aseve unda ganisazRvros sakomunikacio xazebi Roris mepatroneebsa da savele da erovnul vet. samsaxurebs Soris da maT Sesaxeb informacia cnobili unda gaxdes yvela mxarisTvis. es sakomunikacio xazebi amyareben saxelmZrvanelo jaWvs, romelic amoqmeddeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis (an cxovelTa sxva daavadebasTan dakavSrebiT Seqmnil sagangebo mdgomareobaSi) saeWvo SemTxvevaSi. samoqmedo gegmis warmateba damokidebulia saxelmZRvanelo jaWvis TiToeul rgolze, romelic funqcionirebs ise, rogorc es zemoT aris aRwerili. qveynebma detalurad unda SeimuSaon zogadi saoperacio procedurebi, romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da sxva epidemiuri daavadebebis mimarT. SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes damatebiTi saxelmZRvaneloebis momzadeba, romlebic moicavs zoosanitarul normebsa da wesebs maRali riskis sawarmoebisTvis, rogoricaa cxovelTa transportireba, xorcis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebi an saqonlis bazrebi. im qveynebs, romlebic erovnul an regionul doneze sagangebo mdgomareobis winaSe dganan, SeuZliaT mimarTon arsebul da ukve aprobirebul sagangebo gegmebs iseT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa daavadebis kontrolis centris marTva, dekontaminacia, cxovelebis likvidaciisa da damarxva/ganadgurebis procedurebi, sazogadoebasTan urTierToba, zaralis Sefaseba da kompensaciis gadaxda, laboratoriebis mzadyofnaSi moyvana, xelovnuri ganayofiereba, rZis damuSaveba, xorcis damuSaveba, sakvebisa da pirutyvis bazrobebi da satransporto saSualebebi (magaliTisaTvis, avstraliis veterinaruli sagangebo gegma [AUSVETPLAN]). Tumca, am qveynebis mier SeiZleba erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli standartebi iyos miRweuli da sasurvelia, rom qveynebma an regionebma sakuTari sawarmoo saxelmZRvaneloebi SeimuSaon adgilobrivi pirobebis gaTvalsiwinebiT. am gegmebis gadaxedva da maTSi cvlilebebis Setana saWiroebisamebr xSirad unda moxdes. gamoZiebis faza gamoZiebis faza iwyeba maSin, rodesac veterinaruli samsaxurebis mier miRebuli iqneba informacia Roris afrikuli cxelebis SesaZlo SemTxvevis Sesaxeb. Roris afrikuli cxelebis an cxovelTa sxva seriozuli daavadebis Taobaze eWvis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi, informaciis Setyobineba uSualod veterinaruli an cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuris muSakisTvis (an sxva arxis meSveo- 72 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis biT, rogoricaa mag. saolqo xelisufleba), unda iyos TiToeuli moqalaqis kargad gacnobierebuli samarTlebrivi movaleoba. saeWvo SemTxvevis (gansakuTrebiT maRali sikvdilianoba RorebSi) Sesaxeb informacias adgilobriv vet.samsaxurebs savaraudod Seatyobineben cxovelTa jandacvis samsaxuris muSakebi, sasaklaoebi, fermerebi da pirutyvis mepatroneebi, Temis Tavkacebi, kerZo praqtikosi veterinarebi an mecxoveleobiT dainteresebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi. Roris afrikuli cxelebis saeWvo SemTxvevis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebisTanave, gamoZiebis fazaSi Semdegi moqmedebebi unda ganxorcieldes: x angariSis Seswavla specialurad momzadebuli erovnuli vet.samsaxurebis mier da maT Soris nimuSebis Segroveba laboratoriebSi gasagzavnad; x laboratoruli testireba; x daavadebis gavrcelebis prevencia; miuxedavad imisa arsebobs Tu ara amis samarTlebrivi Zalauflebebi, yvelaferi unda gakeTdes sazogadoebis mxridan TanamSromlobis mosapoveblad Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis gadaadgilebis ar daSvebis mizniT manamde, vidre Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozi iqneba damtkicebuli; x klinikuri da epidemiologiuri Sedegebis Sesaxeb centraluri da regionuli vet.samsaxurebis informireba; x yvela dainteresebuli pirisTvis (centraluri da adgilobrivi uwyebebis doneze) laboratoruli Sedegebis moxseneba, rodesac isini xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba; x gamoZiebis dros warmodgenil monacemTa uwyveti Sefaseba im personalis mier, romelic Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb sakmaris codnas flobs, raTa informaciaze dayrdnobiT miiRos gadawyvetilebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT saWiroa Tu ara mzadyofnis fazis gagrZeleba, Tu Semdgomi RonisZiebebi unda SeCerdes. potenciurad inficirebuli sawarmos teritoriaze misvlis Semdeg, jgufis xelmZRvanelma unda uzrunvelyos sadezinfeqcio procedurebis saTanadod ganxorcieleba imisaTvis rom gamomZieblebis mier ar moxdes infeqciis gatana sawarmos teritoriidan. nimuSebi (gaciebuli an dakonservebuli) rac SeiZleba swrafad unda gadaigzavnos laboratoriaSi, romelic saTanadod aris aRWurvili diagnozis dasasmelad. im qveynebSi, sadac ar arsebobs Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis dasadastureblad saTanadod aRWurvili laboratoriebi, nimuSebi unda gadaigzavnos saerTaSorisod aRiarebul laboratoriaSi. Tu adgilze Catarebuli gamokvleva miuTiTebs infeqciis sxva kerebis arsebobaze, rogorc inficirebuli masalebis(inventaris/sakvebis da a.S ) wyaroze an mimRebze, aseTi kerebi dauyovnebliv unda iqnes gamoZiebuli pirveli sadiagnostiko pasuxebis miRebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi xorcieldeba igive procedura, rogorc pirveli SemTxvevis dros. sakomunikacio kavSirebi fermebidan erovnul vet.samsaxurebTan dakavSirebisTvis SeiZleba gamoyofili iyos mcire an didi raodenobiT, rac qveynis sididesa da vet.samsaxurebis ierarqiazea damokidebuli. rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebis albaToba arsebobs, angariSebi rac SeiZleba swrafad unda gadaegzavnos qveynis vet.sasaxuris direqtors. marTalia cru gangaSis gamoZiebam SeiZleba zedmeti problemebi Segviqmnas da zedmet xarjTan iyos dakavSirebuli, magram pirveli dafiqsirebuli (saindeqso) SemTxvevis gamotovebas im mizeziT, rom viRac daavadebis Sesaxeb arasrul informcias flobda da amitom bolomde ar iyo darwmunebuli, SeiZleba katasrofuli Sedegebi mohyves. im qveynebSi, sadac infeqcia adre ar yofila gavrcelebuli, nakleb savaraudoa, rom saindeqso SemTxveva pirveli iyos. samoqmedo gegma Tu gamoZieba gviCvenebs, rom garemoebebi miuTiTebs Roris afrikuli cxelebis arsebobaze, an Tu alternatiuli diagnozi SeiZleba daisvas, maSin ukve SesaZlebelia cru gangaSis gamocxadeba da RonisZiebebis SeCereba. cru gangaSis gamocxadebas yovelTvis Tan unda axldes im adamianebisTvis madlobis sajarod gadaxda, romlebmac informacia mogvawodes saeWvo SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, rac erTgvari waxaliseba iqneba mosaxleobisaTvis, raTa uyoymanod Segvatyobinon informacia Roris afrikuli cxelebis msgavsi SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb. Sinauri cxovelebis mniSvnelovani daavadebebis kontrolisTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs saeWvo SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis Setyobinebis kulturis danergvas. aqve yuradreba unda gamaxvildes imaze, rom sagulisxmoa ufro sindromuli SemTxvevebi da ara konkretuli daavadebebi (magaliTad, Roris hemoragiuli-enteraluri sindromi Roris afrikuli an klasikuri cxelebisTvis da baqteriuli sefsisiTvis); Setyobinebis (gangaSis) faza Tu klinikuri an epidemiologiuri Sedegebi didi albaTobiT miuTiTebs Roris afrikul cxelebaze da kerZod, xanmokle periodSi yvela asakis Roris didi raodenobiT daxocvis SemTxvevaSi, Semdegi ZiriTadi moqmedebebi unda ganxorcieldes: x diagnozis dadastureba laboratorul pirobebSi; x gamovlenili keridan infeqciis gavrcelebis prevencia; x sxva SesaZlo kerebis gamovlena; x vet.samsaxurebis xelmZRvanelobisTvis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba da gavrceleba. vet.samsaxuris direqtorma an qveynis mTavarma veterinarma unda: x uzrunvelyos RonisZiebaTa SemoReba adgilobriv doneze kontrolis gansaxorcieleblad, anu karantinSi unda moeqces inficirebuli sawarmos teritoria da aikrZalos Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis gadaadgileba; x aamoqmedos Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnili sagangebo mdgomareobisTvis mzadyofnis erovnuli gegma, daavadebis laboratorul pirobebSi dadasturebisTanave (an Tundac mzadeba gegmis amoqmedebisTvis, Tu daavadebis gavrcelebis didi albaTobaa (klinikuri da epidemiologiuri monacemebi); x daiwyos sagangebo fondis Tanxebis gamoyeneba (idealur SemTxvevaSi) an miiRos zomebi im finansuri saxsrebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad, romlebic aucilebelia afeTqebis masStabis gansazRvris mizniT damatebiT gansaxorcielebeli savele gamoZiebis xarjebis dasafaravad; x uzrunvelyos aRWurvilobis, masalebisa da transportis xelmisawvdomoba; x daakompleqtos da daniSnulebis adgilze gagzavnos Roris afrikul cxelebis eqspertTa jgufi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic unda Sediodnen epidemiologi, laboratoruli diagnostikosi da makontrolebeli piri da uzrunvelyos igi saoperacio da teqnikuri mxardaWeriT; x moiwvios uwyebaTaSorisi Sexvedra policiis, jarisa da sxva saxelmwifo uwyebaTa gasafrTxileblad, Tu es maTi mxridan TanamSromlobis uzrunvelsayofad aris aucilebeli; x gansazRvros kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis zonebi; x gaafrTxilos provinciebisa da regionebis mTavari veterinarebi, vinadian Roris afrikul cxelebas did teritoriebze swarafad gavrcelebis unari axasiaTebs. 73 74 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis mezobeli qveynebis vet.samsaxurebis direqtorebi gafrTxilebulebi unda iyvnen Roris daavadebis Sesaxeb, romelmac SeiZleba zemoqmedeba iqonios maT pirutyvze. vinaidan Roris afrikul cxelebas qveynis teritoriis gareT swarafad gavrcelebis unari gaaCnia, miTumetes sustad daculi sazRvrebis mqone qveynebSi. mezobeli qveynebis vet.samsaxurebi saTanandod daafaseben im faqts, Tu gamovlenili SemTxvevis Sesaxeb miiReben garkveul informaciasa da gafrTxilebas, Tumdac daavadeba jer ar iyos dadasturebuli. Tu arseboben erovnuli an adgilobrivi fermerTa asociaciebi, maTi rac SeiZleba swrafad gafrTxileba Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofs am asociaciebis mxridan mxardaWerasa da TanamSromlobas Roris afrikuli cxelebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi da aseve, maT xelSewyobas karantinis SemoRebaSi. samoqmedo faza samoqmedo faza iwyeba maSin, rodesac Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevebi dadasturebulia da daavadebasTan dakavSirebiT gamocxadebulia sagangebo mdgomareoba. dauyovnebliv unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi moqmedebebi: x Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gavrceleba saerTaSoriso masStabiT; x politikuri mxardaWeris mopoveba daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa gasatareblad; x uwyebaTaSorisi komitetis Sexvedra; x sazogadoebis informirebis kampaniis organizeba; x inficirebuli da maTTan kontaqtSi myofi Rorebis droulad likvidacia, kompensaciis gadaxda da teritoriis gawmenda (erTi kvira); x inficirebuli kerebidan Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis gatanis SemTxevaTa Tavidan acileba; x Roris afrikuli cxelebis meTvalyureoba mTeli qveynis masStabiT. informaciis Setyobineba veterinaruli samsaxuris direqtorma infeqciis arsebobis faqtis Sesaxeb Setyobineba unda gaugzavnos iseT msoflio organizaciebs, rogoricaa OIE da FAO da aseve regionul organizaciebs. amis Sesaxeb informacia aseve oficialurad unda ecnobos mezobel qveynebsa da savaWro partniorebs. mezobeli qveynebisTvis informaciis dagvianebiT Setyobinebam SeiZleba seriozulad imoqmedos Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolze da am qveynebTan politikur urTierTobebze. politikuri mxardaWeris mopoveba veterinaruli departamentis saqmianobaze pasuxismgebeli ministri jerkidev daavadebis afeTqebamde unda flobdes informacias yvelaze mniSvnelovani epidemiuri daavadebebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac SeiZleba seriozuli zegavlena iqonion adamianis saarsebo saSualebebze, vaWrobasa da qveynis ekonomikur zrdaze, an uSualod adamianebze. Roris afrikuli cxelebis dadasturebisTanave, dauyovnebliv unda Catardes TaTbiri, romelzec ministrs moaxseneben mimdinare mdgomareobisa da daavadebasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani faqtebis Sesaxeb, mokled gaacnoben kanonmdeblobas, romelic aregulirebs daavadebis kontrolTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs da daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebebisTvis gamoyofil biujets. amasTanave, daavadebis kontrolis RonisZiebaTa warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi, qveynisTvis miyenebu- samoqmedo gegma li zarali realurad unda Sefasdes. aseTi gaangariSebebi winaswar unda iyos momzadebuli da SemdgomSi maTSi regularulad unda moxdes cvlilebebis Setana inflaciis donisa da iseTi cvalebadi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogoricaa Roris warmoebis donis zrda da warmoebis modernizacia. Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolisTvis fondidan (an sagangebo daavadebaTa finansuri mxardaWeris sxva sistemidan) resursebis mobilizebis mizniT, aucilebelia sagangebo nebarTvis mopoveba. sazogadoebis informirebis kampania sazogadoebis informirebis efeqturad organizebuli kampania, Roris afrikuli cxelebis kontrolis ganxorcielebaSi albaT yvelaze mniSvnelovani damxmare elementia da amitom, igi samoqmedo gegmis ganuyofeli nawili unda iyos. sazogadoebis informirebis kampaniis yvelaze warmatebuli modelis gansazRvra xdeba qveynis specifikidan gagamomdinare, magram arsebobs garkveuli ZiriTadi wesebi, romlebic saerToa yvela qveynisTvis: x gamoiyeneT mas-mediis sxvadasxva saSualebebi. Soreuli ubnebis gasafrTxileblad xSirad, yvelaze kargi saSualebaa radio, vinaidan mosaxleobas SeiZleba televizori ar hqondes, xolo gazeTebi dabeWvdidan mxolod ramodenime dReSi miuvides. Tumca, televiziiTac da gancxadebebi gazeTebSi mainc unda gakeTdes. aseve SesaZlebelia mobilur telefonebze SMS-gafrTxilebebis gagzavna. x TvalsaCino posterebisa da bukletebis farTod gavrceleba xels Seuwyobs kampaniis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas. x Tavi SeikaveT emociuri da iseTi gancxadebebisgan, romlebic simarTles ar Seesabameba, magaliTad rom Roris afrikuli cxeleba adamianis sikvdils iwvevs. yuradReba gaamaxvileT iseT realurad arasaxarbielo faqtorebze, rogoricaa fasebis momateba sakveb produqtebze. x sajaro Sexvedrebi daavadebis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informirebis efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens, vinaidan amgvarad adamianebs SekiTxvebis dasmisa da informaciis miwodebis SesaZlebloba eZelevaT. es aseve xels SeuSlis araswori informaciis (Worebis) gavrcelebas. x gamoiyeneT sxva qveynebis gamocdileba Roris afrikuli cxelebis mZime Sedegebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad. x regularulad miawodeT mosaxleobas axali informacia ukve gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb. x gaxsovdeT, rom xSirad ukeTesia, rodesac mosaxleobas qveynis mTavari veterinaris gzavnilebs araveterinari auwyebs, vidre piriqiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qveynisa da adgilobriv doneebze arsebobs fermerTa asociaciebi, maSin politikuri TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonili iqneba maTi informireba mimdinare viTarebis Sesaxeb. Rorebis dakvla, ganadgureba da dekonteminacia inficirebuli Rorebis an maTTan kontaqtSi myofi Rirebis likvidacia saTanadod aRWurvili jgufis mier unda ganxorcieldes, romelic amas Rorebis mepatroneebisTvis misaRebi humanuri meTodebiT gaakeTebs da mokluli Rorebis narCenebis utilizacias moaxdens imgvarad, rom gamoricxuli iyos maTi SemdgomSi moxmareba. amis Semdeg teritoriasa da jgufis wevrebs aucileblad unda Cautardes dezinfeqcia. daxocili Roris leSisa da iseTi inficirebuli masalebis utilizaciisTvis, rogoricaa qveSsagebi da morCenili sakvebi, rekomendebulia maTi Rrmad Camarxva an dawva. es unda gakeTdes imave teritoriaze, an mis siaxloves. potenciurad inficirebuli narCenebis gadatana did manZilebze rekomendebuli ar aris, radganac arsebobs 75 40 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis x x – moTxovnebi: kanonmdeblobis amoqmedeba (da jarimebis daweseba kanonmdeblobis Seusruleblobaze). gaZlierebuli epidemiologiuri zedamxedveloba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis: moTxovnebi: vet.samsaxuris kompetenciis farglebSi arsebuli epidemiologiuri erTeuli, romelsac gaaCnia epidemiologiuri meTodebisa da analizis ganxorcielebaSi specialurad momzadebuli kadrebi; warmoebisa da marketingis jaWvebis codna; mwarmoeblebisTvs, movaWreebsa da sasaklaos inspeqtorebisTvis cnobili unda iyos daavadebis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis dauyovnebliv Setyobinebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, dadagenili procedurebis Sesabamisad; erovnuli programis SemoRebis SesaZleblobis ganxilva, romelic gaiTvaliswinebs im pirTa dajildoeba/waxalisebas, romlebic uzrunvelyofen informacias Roris afrikuli cxelebis SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb; suraTi 5 humanuri meTodiT Rorebis dakvla (pnevmaturi, eleqtro Soki) 76 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis inficirebuli siTxeebis daRvris, satransporto saSualebis mwyobridan gamosvlisa da gaZarcvis saSiSroeba, ramac SeiZleba kidev ufro daamZimos arsebuli mdgomareoba. Roris mepatroneebs, romlebmac amis Sesaxeb ician ar surT, rom potenciurad inficirebuli masalebis gadaadgileba maTi fermebis siaxloves moxdes. magram, daxocili Roris narCenebis gadatana did manZilze mdebare Camarxvis adgilebSi ewinaaRmdegeba dadgenilebas Rorebis inficirebul teritoriaze an mis farglebs gareT, gadaadgilebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb da amgvari qmedeba cudi magaliTi iqneba mosaxleobisTvis. fermebis Rorebisgan daclisTanave unda moxdes maTi teritoriis gawmenda da Catardes sadezinfeqcio samuSaoebi; ganadgurdes yvela iseTi masala rogoricaa fekali, qveSsagebi da morCenili sakvebi; aseve unda gaiwmindos da dezinfeqcia Cautardes wylis WurWelsa da xis sakveburebs. dezinfeqciisTvis SesaZlebelia 2% natriumis hipoqloritis, 2% natriumis hidroqsidis an viruciduli Tvisebebis mqone sarecxi saSualebis gamoyeneba. jgufis wevrebma unda gamoiyenon damcavi tanisamosi da Tavadac Caitaron gawmendisa da dezinfeqciis procedurebi kerZod, TiToeuli RonisZiebis Semdeg daibanon da gamoiyenon sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi xelebisa da fexsacmlis dasamuSavevlad. Rorebis likvidaciis RonisZiebis ganxorcielebamde Roris mepatroneebi unda daarwmunoT imaSi, rom maT sabazro fasebis mixedviT gadauxdian kompensacias. Roris mepatroneTa darwmunebis ramodenime gza arsebobs: pirveli, daxocili Rorebi maTi TandaswrebiT unda aiwonis, raTa eWvi ar SeeparoT SeTavazebuli fasis samarTlianobaSi; meore, kompensaciis odenobis gansazRvra unda mixdes sami kategoriis mixedviT: goWi, burvaki an mozrdili Rori. sajiSe Rorebis Sefaseba xdeba mosaxleobasa da kerZo seqtorebs Soris SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, sagangebo RonisZiebis gatarebamde. Rorebis gadaadgilebis prevencia xSirad, Rorebisa da Roris xorcis produqtebis gadaadgilebis marTva da prevencia, daavadebis kontrolis erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli mxarea. ZiriTadad, es RonisZiebebi emyareba: x kanonmdeblobas, romelic specialurad ganixilavs epidemiur daavadebebs an romlis amoqmedebac xdeba maSin, rodesac saganagebo mdgomareobaa gamocxdebuli; am kanonmdeblobis aRsrulebas uzrunvelyofen vet. samsaxurebi da samarTaldamcavi struqturebi maT Soris, policia da jari; x TanamSromlobas mwarmoeblebisa da mosaxleobis mxridan, rodesac cxovelTa gadaadgilebis prevencia standartuli meTodebiT ar xerxdeba; x kompensaciis gadaxdas Sinauri cxovelebis savaldebulo wesiT daxocvisTvis, misi aralegalurad gadaadgilebisa da farulad garigebebis dadebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT; x kanonis moTxovnebis Sesrulebasa da maTi darRvevisTvis efeqturi jarimebis SemoRebas. nebismieri erovnuli samoqmedo gegma unda Seicavdes axal RonisZiebebs pirutyvis gadaadgilebis kontrolis an marTvis RonisZiebaTa mxardasaWerad. es SeiZleba moicavdes Roris warmoebis warmomadgenelTa monawileobas gzebze ganlagebuli sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtebis muSaobaSi, im bukletebisa da posterebis gavrcelebaSi, romlebic pirutyvis ukanono gadaadgilebis Sedegebis ilustrirebas axdens. igi aseve unda iTvalsiwinebdes stimulebs pirutyvis aralegaluri gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb informaciis SetyobinebisTvis, rac xels Seuwyobs aseTi faqtebis ignorirebis praqtikis aRmofxvras. samoqmedo gegma qveyanaSi kontrolis gasamyareblad SesaZlebelia sakontrolo-gamSvebi punqtebis ganlageba gzebze. am RonisZiebis efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia, rom igi aseve iTvaliswinebdes Cxrekis Catarebas Roris xorcisa da cocxali goWebis aRmoCenis mizniT. aseve SesaZlebelia avtomanqanebis saburavebis sadezinfeqcio saSualebiT damuSavebis RonisZiebis SemoReba. Tumca, saburavebi did xans mainc ar rCeba Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusiT dabinZurebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac manqanas mokle manZilze da naleqiani amindis pirobebSi uwevs gadaadgileba. im SemTxvevaSi Tu aseTi RonisZieba iqneba SemoRebuli, igi saTanadod unda ganxorcieldes. meTvalyureobis warmoeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis meTvalyureobas Roris afrikuli cxelebisa da Roris sxva daavadebebisaTvis, romlebic SecdomiT SeiZleba Roris afrikul cxelebad miviCnioT, awarmoeben cxovelTa jandacvis adgilobrivi samsaxuris muSakebi, Roris mwarmoeblebisa da nebismieri sxva Sesabamisi dainteresebuli mxareebis mxardaWeriT. aucilebelia gamoiyos sufTa xazebi daavadebis SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gadacemisTvis. iq, sadac infeqciis kerebia da sadac ifeqciis gavrcelebis didi albaToba arsebobs, unda moewyos informaciis sajarod gamoqveynebis dReebi. regularulad unda ganaxldes Roris mwarmoebelTa reestri, romelSic qveyanaSi arsebuli koltebis aRricxva warmoebs. sanaSene Rorebis Semotanis an koltebis ganaxlebis Semdeg, Roris yvela sawarmo (gansakuTrebiT ki sawarmoebi, romlebic mdebareobs im adgilebis SemogarenSi, sadac adre Roris afrikuli cxelebis infeqciis kerebi arsebobda) orjer mainc unda daTvalierdes (orkviriani intervaliT), vidre ar darwmundebiT rom Roris afrikuli cxelebisgan Rorebis daxocvis SemTxvevebs adgili ara aqvs (informaciis floba aucilebelia – “uaryofiTi” an nulovani informacia ukeTesia, vidre aranairi informacia). Roris afrikuli cxelebis klinikur niSnebSi kargad garkveulma vet.muSakebma unda awarmoon Rorisa da pirutyvis yvela bazrebisa da sasaklaoebis inspeqtireba da mevaWreTa gamokiTxva. maT unda hqondeT ufleba im Rorebis daWeris ufleba, romelTac daavadebis saeWvo niSnebi aReniSnebaT an romlebic Semotanilia im fermebidan, sadac sikvdilianobis maRali done iyo dafiqsirebuli, an fermebidan, romlebic inficirebul zonebSi an maT siaxloves mdebareobs. dakluli Rorebis sisxlisa da organoebis Cabareba Roris afrikul cxelebaze testirebisTvis, SesaZlebelia erovnul sadiagnostiko laboratoriaSi. informaciis regularulad Setyobinebasa da gavrcelebas xeli unda Seewyos, magaliTad kvireuli an orkvireuli epidemiologiuri angariSebis meSveobiT. meTvalyureobis gasaZliereblad adgilobriv, regionul da erovnul doneze SesaZlebelia seminarebis Catareba Roris afrikuli cxelebis amocnobisa da marTvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. axal damswreTa mier informaciis miRebisa da treiningis gavlis uzrunvelsayofad, aseTi seminarebi regularuli intervalebiT unda Catardes. aseve SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes specialuri momzadebis kursis ganmeorebiT Catareba maTTvis, visac igi adre ukve gavlili hqonda, miTumetes Tu daavadebis afeTqeba didi xnis win moxda. RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis faza im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozi ar dasturdeba, vet. samsaxuris direqtorma unda acnobos yvela mxares, rom sagangebo mdgomareoba aRar arsebobs. Roris afrikuli cxelebis diagnozis dadasturebisas, sagangebo mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebul RonisZiebaTa dasrulebis faza iwyeba maSin, rodesac vet.samsaxuris direqtori CaTvlis, rom infeqciis kerebis lokalizebis, kontrolisa da aRmofxvris yvela operaciam dasaxul mi- 77 78 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis zans miaRwia. Tu ramdenad swrafad moxdeba es daavadebis pirvelad afeTqebis Semdeg, damokidebulia garemoebebze da maT Soris imaze iqneba aRmoCenili Tu ara sxva kerebi, maT masStabze da daavadebis kontrolis/Rorebis likvidaciis RonisZiebaTa warmatebaze. saerTod, Tu Tavdapirevli afeTqebis Semdeg, ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi momdevno afeTqebebi aRar fiqsirdeba, RorebiT da Roris xorcis produqtebis vaWroba SeiZleba Cveul reJimSi ganaxldes, magram gaZlierebuli vet.kontrolis qveS, pirveli erTi-ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi mainc. saindikatori Rorebis Semoyvana adre inficirebuli fermis teritoriaze SesaZlebelia teritoriis Rorebisgan daclisa da dezinfeqciis Catarebis Semdeg 40 dReSi, an ufro adre, Tu teritoria izolirebulia da mis garSemo aqtiuri kerebi ar moipoveba. Tu teritoriaze Semoyvanis Semdeg, Rorebs ori an sami kviris ganmavlobaSi daavadebis simptomebi ar gamouvlindebaT, maSin sakmao safuZveli gvaqvs vivraudod, rom daavadebis afeTqeba kontrols daeqvemdebara. 79 Tavi 10 kadrebis specialuri momzadeba, testireba da sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebisa Setana saimitacio swavleba saimitacio swavleba sasargebloa daavadebis gavrcelebiT gamowveuli sagangebo mdgomareobis dadgomamde sagangebo gegmebis testirebisa da daxvewisTvis. isini mniSvnelovania daavadebiT gamowveul sagangebo SemTxvevaSi reagirebis jgufebis Camoyalibebisa da individualuri Statis specialuri momzadebisTvis. amgvari swavlebisTvis unda SemuSavdes daavadebis afeTqebis realisturi scenarebi da sadac SesaZlebelia, realur monacemTa gamoyenebiT Sinaur cxovelTa adgilsamyofelis, populaciebisa da savaWro gzebis Sesaxeb. scenari SeiZleba moicavdes erT an met fazas an realur afeTqebas da SesaZlo Sedegebis mTeli wyebis ilustrirebas axdendes. magram, arc scenari da arc swavleba zedmetad gadatvirTuli an grZeli ar unda iyos. ajobebs, Tu erT jerze erTi sistemis testireba moxdeba (magaliTad, rogor muSaobs daavadebis kontrolis adgilobrivi centri). saimitacio swavleba SeiZleba Catardes werilobiT (auditoriaSi), moqmedebebis imitaciis meSveobiT (gamocda savele pirobebSi) an kombinirebuli formiT. yoveli saimitacio swavlebis Semdeg, Sedegebis Sefaseba unda moxdes, romelic miznad isaxavs im adgilebis gamovlenas, romlebic moiTxovs gegmebSi cvlilebebis Setanasa da damatebiT swavlebas. daavadebis farTomasStabiani afeTqebis modelirebaze gadasvla mizanSewonilia mxolod daavadebis kontrolis reagirebis calkeuli komponentebis gamocdisa da praqtikulad ganxorcielebis Semdeg. manamde Catarebul swavlebas, SesaZloa ukuSedegebi mohyves. imisaTvis, rom mas-mediis saSualebebma da sazogadoebam saimitacio swavleba daavadebis realur afeTqebad ar CaTvalon, aucilebelia maTi da aseve mezobeli qveynebis winaswar gafrTxileba. amgvari gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad, dagegmili saimitacio swavlebis Sesaxeb cxoevlTa jandacvis msoflio organizacia ramodenime kviriT adre unda iyos gafrTxilebuli. vinaidan Roris afrikuli cxeleba transsasazRvro cxovelTa daavadebaTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, Zalian sasargebloa saimitacio swavlebis Catareba mezobel qveynebTan erTad, magram es mxolod erovnuli gegmebis praqtikul ganxorcielebaSi maRali donis miRwevis Semdeg unda moxdes. kadrebis specialuri momzadeba kadrebma kargad unda Seiswavlon TavianTi rolebi, movaleobebi da funqciebi Roris afrikuli cxelebiT gamowveul sagangebo situaciaSi. mTavar personals ufro intensiuri swavleba unda Cautardes. unda gvaxsovdes, rom personalis nebismieri wevri, dawyebuli mTavari veterinaridan, SeiZleba sagangebo situaciis ganviTarebis dros adgilze ar imyofebodes an Sesacvleli 80 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Rorisafrikuli cxelebisaTvis gaxdes da amitom, aucilebelia aseve saTadarigo kadrebis specialuri momzadeba TiToeuli TanamdebobisTvis. Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebis regularulad Setana sagangebo gegmebi unda ganvixilod ara rogorc ucvleli nimuSebi, aramed rogorc dokumentebi, romlebic regularulad saWiroeben cvlilebebis Setanas, cvalebadi garemoebebis asaxvis mizniT. Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis SemuSavebul sagangebo gegmebSi cvlilebebis Setanis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi faqtorebi: x epidemiologiuri viTarebis Secvla qveynis SigniT da gareT; x axali safrTxeebi Roris afrikul cxelebasTan dakavSirebiT; x cvlilebebi saqonlis warmoebis sistemebsa da Sida da sagareo vaWrobis moTxovnebSi; x cvlilebebi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi an saxelmwifo vet.samsaxuris an sxva samTavrobo dawesebulebaTa struqturaSi an resursebSi; x qveynisa da mezobeli saxelmwifoebis gamocdileba, specialuri momzadebis an simulaciuri swavlebis Sedegebi da mTavar dainteresebul mxareTa da maT Soris, fermerTa SeniSvnebi. 81 danarTi 1 FAO-sa da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis laboratoriebi Roris afrikuli cxelebisTvis mocemuli sia ZalaSia 2008 wlis bolomde. momavalSi man SeiZleba garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicados. miTiTebul laboratoriebis axal siebTan dakavSirebiT informaciis mosaZieblad ixileT FAO-sa da cxovelTa jandacvis msoflio organizaciis veb-gverdebi, romlebic xelmisawvdomia sadiagnostiko testebisa da vaqcinebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos bolo eleqtronul versiaSi (www.oie.int). soflis meurneobisa da mecxoveleobis instituti Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CISA-INIA), 28130 valdeolmosi, madridi doq. c. galardo tel. faqsi el.fosta o ini .e ganaTlebis saministro, madridis universitetis veterinariis fakulteti Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, avda puerta de hiero s/n 28040, madridi doq j.m. sanCes-vizkano tel. faqsi el.fosta i ino et. .e cxovelTa jandacvis institutis pirbraiTis laboratoria, eSroudi, pirbraiTi, surei gaerTianebuli samefo doq. s. oura tel. faqsi el.fosta i .o . . ARC-onderspurtis veterinaruli instituti, kerZo safosto yuTi X5, onderspurti 01 10, samxreT afrika doq. a. lubisi tel.: +27 12 529 91 01 faqsi: +27 12 529 95 43/95 el.fosta: ii . i . FAO – saxelmZRvaneloebi cxovelTa warmoebasa da maT jandacvaze 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Small-scale poultry production, 2004 (E, F) Good practices for the meat industry, 2006 (E, F, S, Ar) Preparing for highly pathogenic avian influenza, 2006 (E, Ar, Se, Fe, Me) Wild Bird HPAI Surveillance – A manual for sample collection from healthy, sick and dead birds, 2006 (E, F, R, Id, Se, Are, Ce, Ba**) Wild birds and Avian Influenza – An introduction to applied field research and disease sampling techniques, 2007 (E, F, R, Id, Ba, S**) Compensation programs for the sanitary emergence of HPAI-H5N1 in Latin American and the Caribbean, 2008 (Ee, Se) The AVE systems of geographic information for the assistance in the epidemiological surveillance of the avian influenza, based on risk (Ee, Se) saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis (E, Ka, Hy) xelmisawvdomia maisi 2010 Ar C E F P R S M Id Ba Ka Hy - arabuli Cinuri inglisuri franguli portugaliuri rusuli espanuri monRoluri malaiziuri bangladeSuri qarTuli somxuri Multil * ** e - mraval enovani beWdvidan moxsnili mzadebis procesSi gamocema FAO-s saxelmZRvaneloebi cxovelTa warmoebasa da maT jandacvaze xelmisawvdomia FAO-s avtorizebuli gayidvebis agentebTan an gayidvisa da marketingis jgufTan. FAO cxovelTa jandacvis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvaneloebi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Manual on the diagnosis of rinderpest, 1996 (E) Manual on bovine spongifom encephalophaty, 1998 (E) Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of swine, 1998 Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of poultry parasites, 1998 Recognizing peste des petits ruminant – A field manual, 1999 (E, F) Manual on the preparation of national animal disease emergency preparedness plans, 1999 (E) Manual on the preparation of rinderpest contingency plans, 1999 (E) Manual on livestock disease surveillance and information systems, 1999 (E) Recognizing African swine fever – A field manual, 2000 (E, F) Manual on Participatory Epidemiology – Method for the Collection of Action-Oriented Epidemiological Intelligence, 2000 (E) Manual on the preparation of african swine fever contigency plans, 2001 (E) Manual on procedures for disease eradication by stamping out, 2001 (E) Recognizing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, 2001 (E, F) Preparation of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia contingency plans, 2002 (E, F) Preparation of Rift Valley fever contingency plans, 2002 (E, F) Preparation of foot-and-mouth disease contingency plans, 2002 (E) Recognizing Rift Valley fever, 2003 (E) ISSN 1810-1119 8 8 FAO cxovelTa jandacva da warmoeba daavadeba, romelic e. w. tropikuli afrikis (udabno saharas samxreTiT) udides nawilzea gavrcelebuli, 1950-iani wlebis bolos Semotanil iqna evropaSi, sadac mis aRmofxvras 30 welze meti dro dasWirda. 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi, daavadebam ramdenime jer iCina Tavi Crdilo da samxreT amerikis ramdenime qveyanaSi, sadac misi sabolood aRmofxvra mxolod erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze gaerTianebuli ZalisxmeviT moxerxda. 2007 wlis Sua periodSi, Roris afrikuli cxeleba, pirvelad dafiqsirda kavkasiaSi da Semdeg gavrcelda mTel regionSi, ramac gamoiwvia Roris mwarmoebelTa SeSfoTeba aRmosavleT evropaSi da mis gareT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavda Roris afrikuli cxelebis Sesaxeb 2001 wels gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloze dayrdnobiT (FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo No. 11), romelSic Setanil iqna cvlilebebi axlad SeZenili codna-gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT da evropis qveynebis realobaze morgebis mizniT. ISBN 978-92-5-906426-1 789259 ISSN 1810-1119 064261 I1196Ka/1/06.10/500 FAO 9 saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis Roris afrikuli cxeleba Roris virusuli, hemoragiuli daavadebaa, romelic Cveulebriv gavrcelebisa da sikvdilianobis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba. cnobilia, rom daavadebam SeiZleba damangreveli Sedegi iqonios Roris warmoebaze da maT Soris maRali industrializaciis, mcire komerciul sawarmoTa da SinameurneobaTa doneze, rasac mohyveba pirutyvisa da xorcis saeqsporto bazrebis daxurva, Roris populaciebis ganadgureba da saarsebo saSualebaTa dakargva calkeuli adamianebisa da ojaxebis mier. Roris afrikuli cxeleba cxovelTa erT-erTi im transsasazRvro daavadebaTagania, romelic yvelaze rTulad eqvemdebareba kontrols imis gamo, rom dResdReobiT mis winaaRmdeg efeqturi vaqcina ar arsebobs. misi gadacema xdeba pirdapiri kontaqtis gziT infeqciis matarebel da infeqciisadmi mgrZnobelobis mqone Rorebs Soris da aseve Ornithodoros saxeobis inficirebuli rbilzurgiani tkipebis meSveobiT. velur bunebaSi am infeqcias ramdenime rezervuari gaaCnia im adgilebSi, sadac igi endemuri xasiaTisaa. Roris afrikuli cxelebis virusma xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba SeinarCunos aqtivoba dabinZurebul garemoSi an Roris xorcis gamoyvanil produqtebSi, romlebic SeiZleba infeqciis wyarod gadaiqces an xeli Seuwyos daavadebis Soreul manZilebze gavrcelebas. saxelmZRvanelo saTadarigo gegmebis momzadeba Roris afrikuli cxelebisaTvis