royal correspondence in the hellenistic period

STUDIA
'^
HISTÓRICA
28
ROYAL CORRESPONDENCE
IN THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD
A STUDY IN GREEK EPIGRAPHY
C. BRADFORD WELLES
Assistant Professor of Classics
• in Yale University
l^UUIONI-: ANASTATICA
"L'ERMA" di BRETSCHNEÏDER • KOMA
1966
s
T
U
D
I
A
HISTORIC
28
STUDIA
HISTÓRICA
!.. BELOCH, J. - Der italische Bund unter Roms Hegemonie - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Leipzig, 1880
2. TäUBLER, E. - Imperium Romanum
I: Die Staatsverträge und Vertragsverhältnisse - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Leipzig, 1913
3. THÏELING, W. - Der Hellenismus in Klemafrica - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Leipzig, 1911
4. FRANCOTTE, H. - La polis grecque - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Paderborn, 1907
5. FRANCOTTE, H. - Mélanges de droit public grec - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Liège et Paris, 1910
6. FRANCOTTE, H. - Les finances des cités grecques - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Liège et Paris, 1909
7. MILLER CALHOUN, G. - Athenian Clubs in Politics and Litigation 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Austin, 1913
8. CANTARELLI, L. - La diócesi italiciana da Diocleziano alla fine
dell'impero occidentale - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Roma, 1903
9. PIPPIDI, M. D. - Autour de Tibère - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Bucarest, 1944
10. DE SANCTIS, G. • Atthis - Storia della repubblica ateniese - 1964
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Torino, 1912
11. BELOCH, J. - Campanien - Í964
Ristampa anastatica deÜ'edizione Breslau, 1890
12. BERSANETTI, G. M. - Studi sull'lmperatore Massimino il Trace 1965
Ristampa anastatica deÜ'edizione Roma, 1940
13. CREES, J. H. E. - The Reign of the Emperor Probus - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione London, 1911
14. KESSLER, J. - Isokrates xmd die panhellenische Idee - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Paderborn, 1911
15. CARDINALI, G. - Studi graccani - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Genova, 1912
16. REINHOLD, M. - Marcus Agrippa - A Biography - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Genève, New York, 1933
17. CLAUSING, R. - The Roman Colonate - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione New York, 1925
18. PLATNAUER. M. - The Life and Reign of the Emperor Lucius
Septimius Severus - 1965
Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione London, 1918
19. CICCOTTI, E. - Processo di Verre - 1965
Ristampa anastatica deÜ'edizione Milano, 1895
20. MILLER CALHOUN, G. - The Business Life of Ancient Athens - 1965
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Chicago, 1926
21. CALDERINI, A. - La manomissione dei Liberti in Grecia - 1965
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Milano, 1908
22. COLIN, G. - Rome et la Grèce - 1965
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1905
23. THOMSEN, R. - The Italic Regions - 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Copenhagen, 1947
24. PORALLA, P. - Prosopographie der Lakedaimonier - 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Breslau, 1913
25. HAMPL, F. - Die griechischen Staatsverträge - 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Leipzig, 1938
26. BRECCIA, E. - II diritto dinástico - 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Roma, 1903
27. OLIVER E. H. - Roman Economic Conditions to the Close of the
Republic - 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Toronto, 1907
28. WELLES, C. B. - Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione New Haven, 1934
29. FRACCARO, P. - Studi Varroniani - Í966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Padova, 1907
30. JASHEMSKI, W. F. - The Origins and History of the Proconsular
and the Propraetorian Imperium to 27. B.C. - 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Chicago, 1950
31. HOWE, L. L. - The Pretorian Prefect from Commodus to Diocletian 1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Chicago, 1942
32. GUIRAUD, P. - Les assemblées provinciales dans l'Empire Romain •
1966
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1887
33. CHAPOT, V. - La frontière de l'Euphrate - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1907
34. CHAPOT, V. - La flotte de Misène - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1896
35. CHAPOT, V. - La province romaine proconsulaire d'Asie - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1904
36. CASTIGLIONI, L. - Studi întomo aile storie ßlippiche di Giustino
1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Napoli, 1925
37. MISPOULET, J. B. - La vie parlementaire à Rome sous la République
1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1899
38. HOMO, L. - Essai sur le rème de l'empereur Aurélien - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Pans, 1904
39. AYMARD, A. - Les assemblées de la confédération achaienne 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Bordeaux, 1938
40. FRACCARO, P. - Il processo degli Scipioni - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Pisa, 1911
41. FRACCARO, P. - Studi suU'età dei Gracchi - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Città di Casteîlo, 1914
42. BAKER. G. P. - Sulla the Fortunate - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione London, 1927
43. LOYEN, A. - Recherches historiques sur les panégyriques de Sidoine
Apollinaire - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1942
44. LIEBENAM, W. - Städteverwaltung im roemischen Kaiserreiche 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Leipzig, 1900
45. GROAG, E. - Hannibal als PoUtiker - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Wien, 1929
46. GSELL, S. - Essai sur le Règne de l'Empereur Domitien - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1894
47. ZEILLER, J. - Les origines chrétiennes dans la province romaine
de Dalmatie - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1906
48. ZEILLBR, J. - Les origines chrétiennes dans les provinces danubiennes de l'Empire Romain - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1918
49. PABIA, P. - Sources de Tacite dans les Histoires et les Annales 1967
RUtampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1898
50. RADET, G. - La Lydie et le monde grec au temps de Mermnades
(687-546) - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1893
51. VON SCALA, R. - Die Staatsverträge des Altertums 1 - 1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Leipzig, 1898
52. ROSTOVTZEFF, M. - A Large Estate in Egypt in the third Centiu7
b.c. - 1967
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Madison, 1922
53. LAMBRECHTS, P. - La composition du Sénat Romain de Septmie
Sévère a Dioclétien - 1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Budapest, 1938
54. CARDINALI, G. - Il regno di Pergamo - 1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Roma, 1906
55. HENDERSON, B. W. - The Life and Principate of the Emperor Nero
1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione London, 1905
56. HENDERSON, B. W. - The Life and Principate of the Emperor Hadrian - 1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione London, 1923
57. HENDERSON, B. W. - Five Roman Emperors - 1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Cambridge, 1927
58. LACOUR-GAYET, G. - Antonin Le Pieux et son temps - 1968
Ristampa anastatica deU'edizione Paris, 1888
59. CHEESMAN G. L. - The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army - 1968.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Oxford, 1914.
60. BELOCH J. - Die Bevoelkeruûg der griechisch-roemischen Welt 1968.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione, 1886.
61. CLOCHE' P. - La restauration démocratique à Athènes - 1968.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Paris, 1915.
62. CREES J. H. E. - Claudian as an Historical Authority - 1968.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Cambridge, 1908.
63. FALLU DE LESSERT C. - Fastes des Provinces Africaines - 1969.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Paris, 1896-1901.
64. POPE, H. - Non-Athenians in Attic Inscriptions - 1969.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione New York, 1935
65. POPE, H. - Foreiçiers in Attic Inscriptions - 1969.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Philadelphia, 1947.
66. BONNER R. - Lawyers and Litigants in Ancient Athens - 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Chicago, 1927.
67. BONNER R. - Aspects of Athenians Democracy - 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Berkeley, Cal.. 1933.
68. LAQUEUR R. - Der jüdische Historiker Flavius Josephus - 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione dessen, 1920.
69. LAQUEUR R. - Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Griechischen
Volksbeschlüssen -1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Berlin, 1927.
70. LAQUEUR R. - Quaestiones epigraphicae et papyrologicae selectae 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Strassburg, 1904.
71. DUM G. - Entstehung und Entwicklimg des spartanischen Ephorats 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Innsbruck, 1878.
72. FORQUET DE DORNE C. - Les Césars africains et syriens et l'anarchie militaire - 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Angers, 1905.
73. BARBAGALLO, C. - Il problema délie origini di Roma - 1970.
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione Milano, 1926.
ROYAL CORRESPONDENCE
IN THE
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
Ristampa anastatica delVedizione New Haven, 1934
Soc. Multigrafica - V.le Quattro Ventl • 52/a • Roma
TO
PROFESSORS A. M. HARMON
AND
M. I. ROSTOVTZEFF
This Book is Affectionately
Dedicated.
PREFACE
Xhe letters of the Idn|s of the Hdlenistic peiiod are interesting for
their content and for their language. In both fields they are primary
historical sources. They show the Hellenistic states as they actually
functioned, their administrative and diplomatic dealings wim subjects
and with oiSdals and occasionally with neighbors. They are not the
products of historians \vriting for posterity and interested according to
their bent in suppressing either the iawrable or the unfavorable aspects
of their subject. Their authors were the principals themselves, concerned
of course with presenting Öieir actions in a ^vorable Ught but occupied
only with the execution of a particular design. They deal with details
and they are avowedly biased, but their bias cannot extend to obscuration of the transaction. By showing the administration of details, they
make it possible to see behind the generalities of political historians and
to form a conception of the Hvins conditions wimin the Greco-oriental
kingdoms of the heirs of Alexander.
The language of the letters was the spoken language of the Hellenistic courts. Their rhetoric is not the rhetoric of a historian with literary
pretensions but the cultured speech of the educated class, adapted to tbe
epistolary form. The period which they cover, the last three centuries
B. C, saw the development of the Koine, the "common" Greek which
superseded the old dialects and spread as the medium of communication throughout the Mediterranean world and the Hellenized orient
It arose as the language of the common people, soldiers and merchants.
The aristocracy, both Macedonian and Greek, tended naturally to preserve the dialect in which it had been educated; for the former group
as for a good part of the latter, this was the Uteiáry Attic of the fourth
century. The royal letters show the progressive intrusion of "common"
soimds and idioms into the court speech of the chancery, slowly in Pergaroum, more rapidly in Syria and Egypt, as the innovations of the
people became gmdually accepted as good usage.
The present collection includes only^ those royal letten which were
inscribed on stone in Asia or on islands in Asiatic waters. This limitation
is based partly on principle, partly on convenience. It can I think be
defended, although a definitive study of the subject will have to include
also letters from other parts of the Hellenistic world as well as letters
quoted in the writings of Josephus and oilier historians. With the latter,
however, there arises in many cases the question of authentidty or of
accurate transmission. The former, which include a few inscriptions fit>m
Macedonia and Greece and a considerable body of inscriptions and
pap>Tus texts fix>m Egypt, differ for the most part in one fundamental
respect from the body of Asiatic letters. They are primarily administra**
tive texts, addressed to state officials. They belong, in tiie main, to the
field of business rather than of diplomacy. For these reasons, I have
>^
PREFACE
felt justified in postponing treatment of the other royaj letters to a future
occasion, especially as the present texts, as treated, seemed to constitute
a volume of suiiBciently large dimensions.
The present study began as an investigation into the vocabulary of
the letters. The material embodied in the Appendix comes, in lai^e part,
from a dissertation accepted in 1928 by the Graduate School of Yale
University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy. That investigation showed that both the text and
the interpretation of many letters would repay further study. The result
has been an inversion of my original plan. The historical analysis of the
letters has become the body of uie work and the linguistic material has
been divided between the Introduction and the Appendix.
My Investition of the letters was greatly facilitated by the opportunity of spending the academic year 1930/31 in travel. Due to the kmdness
of Yale University in granting me a Sterling Fellowshh>, which was
supplemented by some additional funds and by a Grant oithe American
Council of Learned Societies, I was able to collate the text of such inscriptions as are preserved in the museums of London, Oxford, Pans,
Berlin, and Coi^tantinople, and to consult the collections of squeezes in
the Academy at Berlin and in the Archaeological Institute at Vieima.
I am indebted to the directors of all these institutions for their unfailing
courtesy in affording me every facility for work. I wish to thank also
Mr. H. B. Walters of the British Museum, Dr. W- von Jenny of the Museum ftir Völkerkimde in Berlin, Professor J. Keil of Greifswald, and
Drs. J. Zingerle, F. Miltner, and O. Gottwald of the Archaeological Institute in Viexma for assisting me in procuring photographs of certain texts
and for giving me permission to publish them herewith.
The present work owes its origm to a suggestion of Professor M. I. Rostovtzeff, and the historical part h^ been written with his assistance
and advice. My debt to him will be apparent to all who are familiar
with his methods of investigation, and I can express only feebly my
appreciation of the time and patience and learmng which he placed
without reserve at my disposal. Professor A. M. Harmon supervised
the writing of my dissertation and has read through the present msmucript. I sm indebted to him for numerous suggestions botii as to details
and in general matters of treatment. His advice has been particularly
valuable on points of grammar and style. I have in addition received
assistance from a number of scholars, for which I am very grateful. Professors E. H. Sturtevant and F. J. Stephens of Yale University have
contributed to points of Indo-European or Semitic philology. Professor
Walter Petersen of the University of^Chicago has advised me on a question
of Greek noun-formation. Mr. Edward T. Newell, President of the American Numismatic Society, has pointed out evidence from the coins for the
late Seleudd empire. Professor Adolf W^helm of Vienna, in addition to
other kindnesses, devoted an entire afternoon with me to the restoration
of the text of 9. M. Franz Curaont, and tiie late M. Maurice Holleaux,
whom I never met pereonally but who showed the kindest interest in my
project, made it possible for me to study in advance of publication the
texts of 45 and 75. I am indebted also for valuable suggestions to Pro-
PREFACE
ix
fessor Ulrich Wilcken of Berlin and to Professor £. R. Goodenoi^h of
Yale. M. Louis Robert of the École des Hautes Études in Paris, and Dr.
E. E. Bickermann of Berlin have read much of the work in proof, and
I am deeply indebted to them for their criticism.
May I m conclusion acknowledge the courtesy of my publishers, the
Yale University Press of New Haven and the Kond^ov Institute of
Prague.
C.B.W.
New Haven, Connecticut,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
vii
LIST OF WORKS CITED BY ABBREVIATED TITLE ...
xvü
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF EDITIONS
xxix
INTRODUCTION.
I. THE USE OF LETTERS IN HELLENISTIC DIPLOMACY
XXXVÜ
IL COMPOSITION AND STYLE OF THE LETTERS. . .
xK
III. THE LANGUAGE OF THE LETTERS.
1. PALEOGRAPHY.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
The Alphabet
Arrangement of the Text
Punctuation and Diacritical Marks
Abbreviation
Syllable Division
Engravers* Mistakes
xlvi
liii
liii
liv
Uv
Iv
2. SOUNDS.
A. Vowels.
a) Dialectic Differences
b) Elidon
e) Crasis
Iv
lix
lix
B. Consonants.
a) Dialectic Differences
b) Assimilation
c) Nu Movable
Ix
Ixii
Ixiii
3. INFLECTIONS.
A. Declension
B. Conjugation
^ ......... .
Ixiv
Ixvi
OONIENIS
4. SYNTAX.
A. Case
'IzñS
B. Number
hâ
C. PZOOOUDS ............. w....... 3ñK
D. Tlie Aitide
;
In
£. NnmeralB
btx
F. TheVob.
•) Tense
b) Fbàtt Moodt
cj Voice
4) Tlie Infinitive
$) The Particqde
G. Pri^xisitioiis.
èssô ., :....,
,
fee
lEopd
,
.-....,
OUI ,...,.,,...,....,.,,,.,
feuS
peni
ÜW
Ar
. ',
dç
JfQoç
.-.•....
wnd ,,.,
.,...-...
bó . . .*. •. . .. . . .. .. . .,,•-.. .. ,
met . , . .
MQ
BUÇ ....,.,,.....,.,,.,,..,,
fannrao ...,.......,....,,,,,,
kz
hzi
im
faczñ
bom
• hou
bimi
boEm
bcñv
boiv
bodv
bsv
bŒv
Ixm
bacvñ
boLviH
bcDZ
lux
hopá
booo
|ir^^
H. Conjunctions.
Iwo
5AOç
. . . fasxñ
-...•......-.«,....... !••••"
Antitheses ....1.......
I^niîî
I. Paurtídes .,........,,...•,,,., 1TíTI?IFH
Negatives .-..,
, buuîv
Word Order
boaav
¿
5. VOCABULARY .
bow
6. SUMMARY.
A. &OQie Elenients ...........:,,..,' xcm
CONTENTS
B Elements Derived from the Old Dialects,
1. ^onic
2. Attic .... i
3. AeoUc or Doric
îtiîî
xcvii
. xcviii
xcviU
C. Barbarisms
xcvîii
TEXTS.1
1. Letter of Anfígónus to Scepsis. 311 B. C
2. Letter of Antigonus to Eresus. About 306 B. C
3/4. Letters of Antigonus to Teos. About 303 B. C
5. Letter of Seleucus I to Miletus. 288/7 B. G
6. Letter of Lysimachus to Priene. About 285 B. C
7. Letter of Lysimachus to Samos. 283/2 B. C.
8. Letter of a Hellenistic king to Priene. 3rd cent. B. C
9. Letter of Seleucus I and Antiochus to an official. 281 B. C
10—12. Letters of Antiochus I to Meleager. About 275 B. C. .
13. Letter of Meleager to Ilium. About 275 B. C
14. Letter of Ptolemy n to Miletus. About 261 B. C
15. Letter of Antiochus 11 to Erythrae, After 261 B. C
16. Letter of Eumenes to the army. About 260 B. C
17. Letter of Antiochus II (?) to Ephesus. About 255 B.C
IS. Letter of Antiochus II to Metrophanes. 254/3 Bi C. . . .
19. Letter of Metrophanes to Nicomachus. 254/3 B- C
20. Report of a hyparch. 254/3 B. C
21. Letter of Ptolemy 11 to Cos. Before 250 B. C. . .
22. Letter of Seleucus II-tQ Miletus, About 246 B. C
23. Letter of Eumenes to Pergamum. Before 245 B. C
24. Letter of Altalus I (?) to an official
25. Letter of Ziaelas to Cos. About 240 B. C
26. Letter of Seleucus 11 (?) to Cos. About 240 B. C.
27. Letter of Ptolemy III to Cos. About 240 B. C
28. Letter of Attains I (?) to Cos, About 240 B. C
29. Letter of Attains I (?) to Mylasa. 228—223 B- C
30. Letter of Ptolemy IV (?) to an official. Late 3rd cent. B. C.
31. Letter of Antiochus III to Magnesia. About 205 B. C
32. Letter of Antiochus the son to Magnesia. About 205 É. C. .
33. Letter of Ptolemy IV to Magnesia. About 205 B. C
34. Letter of Attains I to Magnesia. About 205 B. C
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
3
12
15
33
40
46
52
54
60
69
71
78
85
88
89
101
102
104
105
110
115
118
125
129
131
133
136
141
142
143
144
>) For the remains of a letter of Antigonus to Mytilene see Introd., p. xxxviii, n. 6.
xiv
CONTENTS
35. Letter of Theodorus and Amynander to Teos. 205—201 B. C. . 152
36. Letter of Antiochus III to Anaximbrotus. 204 B. C.
156
37. Letter of Anaximbrotus to Dionytas. 204 B. C
*. . . 163
38. Letter of Antiochus III to Amyzon, 203 B. C
165
39. Letter of Antiochus III to the army. About 203 B. C
169
40. Letter of an official (?) to Amyzon. End of 3rd cent. B. C. . . 171
41. Letter of Antiodius III to Tralles. About 201 B. C
172
42. Letter of Antiochus III to Ilium. Early 2nd cent. B.C. . ... 175
43. Letter of Antiochus III to a city. Early 2nd cent. B.C
177
44. Letter of Antiochus III to an official. 189 B. C
179
45. Letter of Seleucus IV to Seleucia in Pieria. 186 B. C
186
46. Letter of an Attalid king (?) to Priene. 2nd cent. B. C
188
47. Letter of Attalus to an official. 185 B. C. .
190
48. Letter of Eumenes II to Temnus
194
49. Letter of Eumenes II toa Carian city. 182 B. G
197
50. Letter of Eumenes II to Cos. 182 B.C
202
51. Letter of an Attalid king to military cleruchs. 2nd cent. B. C. , 205
52. Letter of Eumenes 11 to the Ionian League. 167/6 B. G. ... 209
53. Letter of Eumenes II to the Guild of Dionysiac Artists at Teos. . 219
54. Letter of Attalus to Amlada. About 160 B. G. .
237
55/56. Letters of Eumenes 11 to the priest of Cybele at Pessinus.
About 163 B. C
242
57—59. Letters of Attalus to the priest of Cybele. Before 158 B. C, . 243
60/61. Letters of Attalus II to the priest of Cybele, After 158 B. G. . 244
62. Letter of Attalus n (?) to Ilium
253
63. Letter of Orophem^ to^riene. About 157 B, C
255
64. Letter of a Hellenistic king to Nysa. 2nd cent. B, C, . . . . . 26Ö
65. Letterof Attalus II to Athenaeus. 142 B. G
265
66. Letter of Attalus III to Cyzicus. 135 B. C
266
67. Letterof Attalus III to Pergamum. 135 B. C
267
68. Letter of Attalus III to Hieracome in Lydia. After 138 B. C. . . 273
69. Letter of Attalus III to Hieracome in Caria. After 138 B. G. . . 276
70. Letter of a king Antiochus to Euphemus, inclosing a memorandum from the royal journal. Late 2nd cent. B. C.(?) . . . 280
71. Letter of Antiochus VIII (or IX) to Ptolemy IX Alexander.
109B.C. ,.......,.
. 289
72. Letterof Antiochus VIII (or IX) to Seleucia in Pieria. 109 B. C. 290
73/74. Letters of Mithridates to Leonippus. 88/7 B. C. , ' : . . . . 294
75) Letter of Artaban III to Seleucia on the Eulaeus (Susa,). A. D. 21 29^
CONTENTS
tv
APPENDIX.
STUDY OF ELEMENTS IN THE VOCABULARY OF THE
ROYAL LETTERS
309
INDICES.
I. Gods and Goddesses
II. Religious Sites, Associations, and Festivals
III. Kings and Dynasts and their Families
IV. Other Persons
V. Geographical Terms
VI. Months
VII. Greek Words
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XL
XII.
379
379
. 379
380
381
382
383
Facing
Letter of Lysimachus to Priene (6,11. í—19)
Letter of Seleucus I and Antiochus to Sopater (9)
Letters relating to Aristodicides of Assns (10—13) .....
Letter of Antiochus 11 to Erythrae (15,11. Ï—26)
Letter of Antiochus II (?) to Ephesus (17)
Letter of Antiochus III to Amyzon (38)
Letter of Antiochus III to the army (39)
Letter of Antiochus III on the appointment of a chiefpriest at Daphne (44)
Letterof Eumenes Ilto Attis (56,11. 3—12)
Lettersof Attalus II to Attis (57—59)
Letterof Attains II to Attis (61)
Letter of Orophemes to Priene (63)
page
41
55
60
78
88
165
169
180
242
243
245
256
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J. Beloch, Griediiseke GesdààOa. Vol. IV, 2»! ed., Beriin^L^iz^ 1925—27.
H. Berv^ Dca Alexandenaeh (o^ pro^^grapiáséher OnasUi^. Mmrfch, IS26.
E. R. Sevan, The Hoass qfSekaees. 2 vols., htmàaa, 1902.
£. R. Bevan, A History ^ Egypt tmàer the Ptokmaie £^tta^ (Sir Flinders
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P. Boesch, QHOQÔSt Untsrsuehmgj^ir^aa^lie^ied^sdierFestff. t&a. ^eaàhïSGQ.
A. Bouché-Leclercq, Histuire des Lagides, 4 vtds., Paris, 1903—7.
A. Boncbé-Leclerq, Histoire des Séleaàdes, Paris, 1913/14.
E. Breccia, R Diritto Dtmstieo neUe Monarebk dei Sueeessori d'Akssm&o hSo^
(G. Beloch, SixiM di Storia Antíea, IV). Rome, 1903.
K. Buresch, Aus I^fdtea, ^grc^^asefi^^^c^thisehe BsU^fS^Oe. Mmûdi, 18^
Cambridge Ataient History, ed. J. B. Bury, S. A. Coo&, F. B. Adcoek, M. P.
Charleswortti. C^bridge, 1924 to date.
G. Cardinali, // Regno di Pergamo, (Belocb, Stadi, V). Rosne;, 19(fô.
E. Cavaignac, Histoire ds PAaüguité, VoL IXI, Paris, 1914.
D. Cohen, De Magistratibus Aegyptns externas Lagabnan Regtá Prooinâas adaâ^
ttisttantihm. *s Gcavenhage, no date.
P. CoUomp, Reckerdtes sur la Ckancelierie et la Dîplomatiqas ébs Leudes (PubHcoHons de ta Faculté des Lettres de fUraveràU de Strasbourg, XXIXJi. Stsassbmg, 1926.
G. Corradi, Studi EOerásáa. Tarin, 1^9.
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F. Cum ont, Fouilles de Dmra-Europos. Paris, 1926.
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J, G. Droysen, Gesckickte des Hellenistmis. 6 vols., 2nd ed., Gotha, 1877/78.
E. Egger, Études Historiques sur les Traites Publics chez les Grecs et chez les Romains
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V. Ehrenberg, Der griechische und der hellenistische Staat (A. Gercke, E. Norden, Einleitung in die AUertumswissenschafi^ III, 3). Berlin-Leipzig, 1932.
F. X. Exler, Tfa Form of the Ancient Greek Letter^ A Study in Greek Epistolography. Diss. Catholic University of America, 1923.
W. Feldmann, Aaalecta Epigrapkica ad Htstoriam Synoecismorum et Sympolititman
Graeeorum (Dissertationes Philologieae ArgentoratenseSt IX, pp. 97—238^.
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W. S. Ferguson, H<í¿2e7i¿fíui4íA0i5,únHúíorúa¿£!f;a}f.Lcmdon—New York, 1911.
W. S. Ferguson, Greek Imperialism. London—^New York, 1913.
AV. S. Ferguson. Athenian Tribal Cycles in the Hellenistic Age. CaxabTÎà^efl9Z2.
M. Fritze, Die ersten Ptotemäer und Griechenland. Diss. Halle, 1917.
P. Haubold, De Rebus lUenäum. Diss. Ldpzig, 1888.
B. Haussoullier, Études sur l'Histoire de Milet et du Didymeion (Bibliothèque de
l'École des Hautes ÉtudeSf Sciences Historiques et PhilologigueSj 138). Paris, 1902.
B. Head, Historia J\íumorum; a Manual of Greek Mumismatics. New ed., Oxford, 1911.
W. Hûnerwadel, Forschungen zur Geschichte des Königs Lysimachus von TTirakien. Zürich, 1900.
P. Jouguet, L'Impérialisme Macédonien et VHellénisation de VOrient (L'Évolution
de l'Humanité, 15). Paris, 1926,
J. Kaerst, Geschichte des Hellenismus. 2 vols., 2nd ed., Ldpzig, 1917—26.
VI. Kolbe, Beiträge zur syrischen tmä jütHsehen Geschichte (R. Kittel, Beiträge
zur Wissensckqß vom Alien Testament, N. F., 10). Berlin, 1926.
W. Kubitschek, Grundriss der antiken Zdtrechnung (Müller's Handbuch der
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six
L. Lafoscade, De ^isioËs (alüsgue TtiuUs) hnperatorum Magêsiratutançue Somanorum guas ab Âetate Angustí usque ad OmsUaUinum Graeee Smptas Lapides
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R. Laqueur, Epigraphes^ UrUersudamgen zu dea ffieehis^ai Va&sbesek^sen.
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E. Meyer, Die Cremen der heUaástísAen Staaten in Kletnasien, Le^>zig, 1^5.
L. Mitteis, U. Wilcken, Grundig tad C^nstomaibiB der Pt^^pm^unde, 2 voh.,
Berfin—Leipag, 1912.
T. Mommsen, RSnâsehe GesOàAîB, 3 vols., 2nd ed., Beifin, 1836/7.
Mélanges Hîaiîe; Reaiàî de Mémoires ¿b Pfakilogk Chssigae et d*Asebéokf^ e^ats
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B. Niese, Gesi^àae da^ ^ieiMsshea und makedonisehen Staaten £eä der Sddadít bei
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