Energy Efficiency in Transport sector

Transcript

eni s.p.a.
upstream &
technical
services
2013-2014 Master in
Petroleum Engineering and Operations
Energy and Operational Efficiency
Author: Eugenio Pascuzzi
San Donato Milanese 13 October 2014
Master in Petr.Engineering & Operations 2013-2014
Energy Efficiency
Energy and operational Efficiency
Author
Company Tutors
Eugenio Pascuzzi
Nicolò Aggogeri
(LOGIS/SLOI)
Antonino Corrao
(LOGIS/SLOI/SELT)
Division
Dept.
eni S.p.A.
Upstream & Technical Services
University Tutor
Prof. Francesca Verga
LOGIS
eni s.p.a. upstream & technical
services
2
List of Content
Energy Efficiency
Project scope: Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas
transportation activities
Energy: issue, context and way to act
Logistic support to Oil & Gas activities
Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency aspects
within ENI
Innovative technologies
Conclusions
services
3
Energy efficiency in Oil&Gas transportation
activities
Oil&Gas Business
Offshore Operations
Cost
Energy Efficiency
in Transportation
activites
Onshore operations
Environment
services
4
List of Content
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency in Transportation
within ENI
Conclusions
services
5
Energy: Issue, Context and way to act
Forecast
Hystorical data
85,8% by
conventional
sources
80,9% by
conventional
sources
Country
Energy
needs
(2013) [%]
Energy
needs
(2035) [%]
Difference
OECD*
Countries
44%
33,5%
-10,5%
China
20%
25%
+5%
India
8%
8%
0%
Other
Countries
28%
33,5%
+5,5%
2013
Hystorical data
* Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Forecast
Other
ME**
India
China
US
Other
OECD
2013
Country
Liquid fuel
consumption
(2013) [%]
Liquid fuel
consumption
(2035) [%]
Difference
OECD*
Countries
46,7%
36,4%
-10,3%
China
13%
14,9%
1,9%
India
5,5%
7,5%
2%
Other
Countries
34,8%
41,2%
6,4%
** Middle East
services
6
Forecast
Hystorical data
Desired Scenario
Surplus
2013
Country
CO2
emissions
(2013)
[%]
CO2
emissions
(2035)
[%]
Difference
OECD
Countries
40%
28%
-12%
Non-OECD
Countries
60%
72%
+12%
services
7
Sustainable Development:
“Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs”
(United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, “Our common future”, 1987)
Improve the
Energy
Efficiency
services
8
Standards and
legislation
Energy saving/waste
reduction
Preserve
environment
Reduce costs
From standards
and legislations
to sustainable
development
Sustainable
development
services
9
List of Content
Energy Efficiency
within ENI
Conclusions
services
10
CO2 produced by sector
31 Billion tonnes of
CO2 globally produced
during year 2013
18%
35%
5%
Transportation
15%
(8,4 billion tonnes
of CO2 produced)
1%
27% of total
3%
2%
21%
*2013 data
Manifacturing & Construction
Other energy industries
Other
Road
International aviation
International shipping
Domestic shipping & fishing
Electricity and heat production
services
11
Kyoto Protocol (1997)
Sector
LAND
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4),
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)
European Standards
•
•
Regulation 715/2007 (Cars and Light trucks)
Regulation 595/2009 (Heavy duty truck and bus
engines)
•
•
International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (MARPOL, Annex VI)
Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP)
•
Directive 2008/101/EC
MARINE
AVIATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
services
12
Develop new
technologies
Improve
operation
organization
Improve
Transportation
Efficiency
Disseminate
Energy
Efficiency
culture
services
13
List of Content
Energy Efficiency
Logistics support to Oil & Gas activities
within ENI
Conclusions
services
14
Midstream
Downstream
Upstream
OIL
Oil Cargo
Development
GTL Plant
Refining Plant
Production
Oil pipe
Discovery
&
Appraisal
Midstream
Exploration
Marketing
CH4 Transp.
Boat
Gas & Power
Drilling
Turbogas
LNG Liquif. Plant
LNG Re-gas
Plant
GAS
Development
Production
Gas Pipe
Local
Gas Market
services
15
Offshore support operations:
• Towing
• Anchor handling
• Material Transportation
• Standby
• Personnel turnover
• Security Services
• Medical evacuation
• Search and Rescue
services
16
List of Content
Energy Efficiency
Integrated logistic study/Energy efficiency
aspects within ENI
Conclusions
services
17
Integrated logistic study
INTEGRATED
LOGISTIC STUDY:
1.Logistic as is
2.Material and workforce demand
3.Transportation study
4.Logistic to be
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Material and workforce demand
1) Drilling schedule
Year
Month
Y1
Y2
Yn
J F MA J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S O N D
Rig 1
Rig 2
Rig 3
Rig m
services
19
MM 2 / YY 1
MM 3 / YY 1
MM 4 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 1
MM 6 / YY 1
MM 7 / YY 1
MM 9 / YY 1
MM 10 / YY 1
Tubing
MM 12 / YY 1
Riser
MM 3 / YY 2
MM 1 / YY 2
MM 2 / YY 2
Month/Year
Fresh Water
MM 4 / YY 2
MM 5 / YY 2
MM 6 / YY 2
MM 7 / YY 2
MM 8 / YY 2
MM 9 / YY 2
MM 10 / YY 2
Cement
MM 11 / YY 2
MM 12 / YY 2
MM 1 / YY n
Additives
services
20
MM 11 / YY 1
MM 2 / YY n
MM 3 / YY n
MM 4 / YY n
MM 5 / YY n
MM 6 / YY n
MM 7 / YY n
MM 8 / YY n
MM 9 / YY n
MM 10 / YY n
MM 11 / YY n
MM 12 / YY n
Wellhead
MM 8 / YY 1
MM 1 / YY 1
2) Material transportation schedule
Tons
MM 2 / YY 1
MM 3 / YY 1
MM 4 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 1
MM 6 / YY 1
MM 7 / YY 1
MM 8 / YY 1
MM 10 / YY 1
MM 12 / YY 1
MM 1 / YY 2
MM 2 / YY 2
MM 3 / YY 2
MM 4 / YY 2
on base
Month/Year
POB
services
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MM 11 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 2
MM 6 / YY 2
MM 7 / YY 2
MM 8 / YY 2
MM 9 / YY 2
MM 10 / YY 2
MM 11 / YY 2
MM 12 / YY 2
MM 1 / YY n
MM 2 / YY n
MM 3 / YY n
MM 4 / YY n
MM 5 / YY n
MM 6 / YY n
MM 7 / YY n
MM 8 / YY n
MM 9 / YY n
MM 10 / YY n
MM 11 / YY n
MM 12 / YY n
MM 9 / YY 1
MM 1 / YY 1
3) Personnel turnover
N° of people
MM 2 / YY 1
MM 3 / YY 1
MM 4 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 1
MM 6 / YY 1
MM 7 / YY 1
MM 8 / YY 1
MM 10 / YY 1
MM 12 / YY 1
MM 1 / YY 2
MM 2 / YY 2
MM 3 / YY 2
MM 4 / YY 2
PSV
Month/Year
AHTS
services
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MM 11 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 2
MM 6 / YY 2
MM 7 / YY 2
MM 8 / YY 2
MM 9 / YY 2
MM 10 / YY 2
MM 11 / YY 2
MM 12 / YY 2
MM 1 / YY n
MM 2 / YY n
MM 3 / YY n
MM 4 / YY n
MM 5 / YY n
MM 6 / YY n
MM 7 / YY n
MM 8 / YY n
MM 9 / YY n
MM 10 / YY n
MM 11 / YY n
MM 12 / YY n
MM 9 / YY 1
Transportation study
MM 1 / YY 1
• Vessels required
N° of vessels
MM 2 / YY 1
MM 3 / YY 1
MM 4 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 1
MM 6 / YY 1
MM 7 / YY 1
MM 8 / YY 1
MM 9 / YY 1
MM 11 / YY 1
MM 1 / YY 2
MM 2 / YY 2
MM 3 / YY 2
MM 4 / YY 2
MEDEVAC
Month/Year
Operative
services
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MM 12 / YY 1
MM 5 / YY 2
MM 6 / YY 2
MM 7 / YY 2
MM 8 / YY 2
MM 9 / YY 2
MM 10 / YY 2
MM 11 / YY 2
MM 12 / YY 2
MM 1 / YY n
MM 2 / YY n
MM 3 / YY n
MM 4 / YY n
MM 5 / YY n
MM 6 / YY n
MM 7 / YY n
MM 8 / YY n
MM 9 / YY n
MM 10 / YY n
MM 11 / YY n
MM 12 / YY n
MM 10 / YY 1
Transportation study
MM 1 / YY 1
• Helicopters required
N° of helicopters
Pipeyard
Port
Logistic
base
Aircraft
facilities
Warehouses
Drilling unit
services
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How Integrated logistic study can be used?
IMPROVING MARGINS EVALUATION
•
•
IMPROVE OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION
•
Reduce number of means
•
Improve available resources utilization
IMPROVE TECHNOLOGY
COSTS EVALUATION
•
•
AVIATION
•
Daily rate
•
Flown hour cost
MARINE
•
Monthly cost
•
Fuel
services
25
Energy philosophy within ENI
Eni’s attention to transportation energy efficiency:
•
•
•
LAND TRANSPORTATION
•
Age/mileage
•
Maintenance
•
Quantity of emission
•
Driver performance
MARINE TRANSPORTATION
•
Vessels age
•
Fuel consumption reduction
Safety conditions and
Service Level must be
always guaranteed
AIR TRANSPORTATION
•
New generation aircrafts
services
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List of Content
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency in transport sector
within ENI
Conclusions
services
27
Innovative Technologies
Innovative solutions for transport efficiency
improvement
Air
transportation
Sea
transportation
Land
transportation
Aircrafts
Vessels
Cars, Buses;
Trucks
Innovative
devices/
systems
Innovative
fuels
services
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Marine innovative technologies
Group
Technology
Tech. maturity
Consumption
benefit
Hull-water interaction
Air cavity system
Development
phase
7-15%
Waste heat recovery
system
Development
phase
8-14%
Engine auto tuning
Development
phase
0,5-2%
Propulsion improvement
devices
Mature
3-8%
Thrusters
Mature
3-6%
Informatic integrated
system
Development
phase
1-10%
Engine
Propulsion systems
Trip management
system
services
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Waste heat recovery system (PTG)
Air cavity system
Pre-swirl stator
Hub-fins
services
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Aviation innovative technologies
Group
Aircraft configuration
Concept
Technology
Fuel reduction
benefits
Technological
availability
Truss-Braced wing/Strut-braced wing
-
10 to 15%
2028
Hybrid wing body
-
10 to 25%
2026
Advanced wingtip devices
Split winglets with
scimitar tips
2 to 6%
2022
Aerodynamic
Spiroid wingtip
Natural laminar flow
Hybrid laminar flow
-
2 to 6%
2022
5 to 10%
2022
10 to 15%
2022
Structural
Morphing wing
-
2 to 8%
2024
Cabin
Windowless design
-
5 to 7%
2026
Geared turbofan
-
10 to 15%
2016
Advanced turbofan
-
10 to 15%
2016
Counter rotating fan
Open rotor
-
15 to 20%
15 to 20%
2023
2019
New engine core concepts
Adaptive cycles
Pulse detonation
-
20 to 30%
5 to 15%
5 to 15%
2026
2030
2030
Adaptive/Active flow control
-
10 to 20%
2026
New engine architecture
Engine cycles
Other
services
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Geared turbofan
Counter rotating rotor
Hybrid wing body
Open rotor
Morphing wing
services
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Marine alternative fuels
•
•
•
•
•
Liquified Natural Gas
Biofuels
Batteries
Fuel cells
Renewable energy (wind or solar)
Aviation alternative fuels
• Liquified fuels
• Gaseous fuels
• Batteries
services
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Liquified Natural Gas
Characteristics:
-
CH4 is the main component
-
Liquified at -160 °C occupies 1/640th of original volume
-
In liquid form is odorless and colourless
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Reduced SOx content
• Complex storage system
• Reduced carbon content
• Reduced availability of bunkering
• Reduced noise emission
facilities
• Reduced costs
services
34
Operating and projected LNG vessels around the World
(Island Crusader - PSV)
(BitViking -tanker &
Høydal – fish food carrier)
(Viking Grace –cruise ferry)
(Passengers/Cars
Ferry)
●
●
(2 containers)
●
(Passengers/Cars
Ferry)
● - projected LNG
vessels utilization
– LNG vessels
already operating
(Passengers/Cars
Ferry)
services
35
Renewable application (wind energy) – E-Ship 1
Flettner rotor
Tonnage:
10,500 DWT
Length:
130 m (426 ft)
Beam:
22.5 m (73 ft)
Installed power:
Two diesel engines (2 × 3.5 MW)
Propulsion:
Four Flettner rotors;
Two propellers
Speed:
Max 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph)
Saves up to 25% of fuel
compared to same-sized
conventional freight vessels
E-Ship 1 operates in North Baltic Sea, North and South Atlantic Ocean
and Mediterranean sea carrying ENERCON wind turbine components
services
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Hydrogen application - MHybus
Hydro-Methane propelled bus:
•
Fuel consumption reduced of 15%
•
CO2 emission reduction of 13%
Used since 2009 in Ravenna (Italy), during 45000 km
travelled it saved 6 tons of CO2
services
37
List of Content
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency in Transport sector
within ENI
Conclusions
services
38
Conclusions
Energy efficiency is a critical issue
• Improve implementation of efficiency
aspects in Companies standards
• Focus logistic efforts in order to identify
best organizational way to operate
• Promote development of new
technologies
services
39
Acknowledgements
I would thank Eni S.p.A upstream & technical
services for permission to present this work
and related results and LOGIS colleagues for
the technical support and needed assistance.
services
40

Energy Efficiency in Transport sector

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