agraruli saq-yda

Transcript

agraruli saq-yda

agraruli
saqarTvelo
vb[tlts vbofc9
vbof lfufgeht,s
lf ufufs,j,s
smdty8
New
ახალი
ISSN 1987-8729
სამეცნიერო-საინფორმაციო ჟურნალი
#11 (31), ნოემბერი, 2013
ori msoflio lideri saqarTveloSia!
Sps „zadeni“ rogorc Sps „agrojorjia”-s Svilobili kompania daarsda 2000wels.Tavisi
daarsebidan mokle periodSi man SeZlo saqarTvelos bazarze adgilis damkvidreba da
mcire xanSi moaxerxa wamyvani firmis saxelis mopoveba.
Sps „zadeni“ warmoadgens pesticidebis, mineraluri sasuqebis da soflis meurneobaSi
gamosayenebeli mcire teqnikis importior kompanias saqarTveloSi. amave dros kompanias
gaaCnia fermerTa programuli momsaxurebis servisi.
fermerTa momsaxurebis Tanamedrove centrebi:
1. kaxeTi _ (sagarejo, giorgiwminda, avtomagistralis mimdebare teritoria) — 8 maRazia
2. qvemoqarTli (marneuli _ sakolmeurneo bazris mimdebare teritoria.) — 7 maRazia
3. imereTi (zestafoni _ quTaisis avtomagistralis mimdebare teritoria) — 2 maRazia
4. Tbilis _ (didube samToqimia da samgori avtosadguris mimdebare teritoria) — 2 maRazia
kompania „zadeni“-m pirvelad saqarTveloSi Semoitana da danerga mcenareTa fesvgareSe (foTlovani) kvebisaTvis gamosayenebeli mikroelementebiani sasuqebi, romelmac farTo aRiareba hpova fermerTa Soris.
kompania dakompleqtebulia mcenareTa dacvis specialistebiT. firmis politika dafuZnebulia TanamSromlebis eTikasa da ndobaze rac TavisTavad ganapirobebs saqmis efeqtur marTvas. Sps „zadeni“ aris mkacrad orientirebuli Tavis momxmarebelze da maqsimalurad cdilobs daakmayofilos TiToeulis moTxovna. kompaniis mTavari mizania inovaciuri xedva da xarisxi.
kompania „zadeni“ TanamSromlobs msoflio gigantebTan rogorebicaa:
1. Valagro
2. PARIKH Enterprises PVT.
3. 3. Sharda International
4. PARIJAT INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED
5. Nature SA
6. OJSC MAXAM-CHIRCHIQ
7. Ammofos-Maxam“ ОАО
8. JSC «Gomel Chemical Plant»
9. AgroBest Grup
Cveni ucxoeli partniorebi udidesi warmatebiT moRvaweoben saerTaSoriso bazarze da
Tavis momxmareblebs sTavazoben umaRlesi xarisxis produqcias. xarisxi da am sferoSi
arsebuli mravalwliani gamocdileba aris garanti warmatebuli partniorobis da momxmarebelTa moTxovnebis sruli dakmayofilebisa.
mis kostavas q #3
Tel.: +995 32 2922472
E-mail: [email protected]
delavalis sawveli sistemebi
fermebis ganviTarebisa da rZis
warmoebis gasazrdelad
delavalis mobiluri
sawveli aparatebi
msxvilfexa da wvrilfexa
merZeuli
mecxoveleobisaTvis
kompania JOSKIN -is
organuli sasuqis niadagSi
Semtani teqnika
tel./faqsi
faqsi: (+995 32) 2 35 10 05; tel.: 2 34 76 33; 2 34 45 37
www.worldtechnic.ge
arCevani, rac Tqven gWirdebaT
www.maschionet.com
xarisxi da saimedooba yvelgan da yovelTvis
BERTOLINI
mcire sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika,
iaraRebi da motoblokebi
Sps `msoflio teqnika~
mulCirebis agregatebis specialistebi
saerTo daniSnulebis muxluxoebiani traqtori
Д
57
Т
is
cv
m
e
S
l
a
el
d
vmuSaobT Sedegianad
germanuli kompania
GRIMME-s kartofilis,
Warxlis da sxva
bolqvovani kulturebis
movla-moyvanis teqnika
da teqnologiebi
VALTRA -s traqtorebi
Sereuli (bunebrivi
gazi-dizeli) tipis sawvavis
sistemiT DUALFUEL
ekonomiuroba
ekologiuroba
mxolod dizelze
muSaobis SesaZlebloba
sainovacio teqnologiebi
kombaini, romelsac ferdobebze marcvleulis aReba SeuZlia
12
www.worldtechnic.ge
[email protected]
kompania „msoflio teqnika” saqarTvelos bazarze Tanamedrove sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikisa da teqnologiebis mimwodebeli lideri kompaniaa.
2013 wels kompania „msoflio teqnika” traqtorebis, kombainebis da sxva sasoflo-sameurneo TviTmavali da misabmeli teqnikis mwarmoebeli transnacionaluri korporacia „„AGCO
AGCO”-s
”-s WWW.AGCOCORP.COM warmomadgeneli gaxda. korporacia „AGCO
„AGCO” masSi Semavali kompaniebiT: MASSEY FERGUSON, VALTRA
VALTRA, CHALLENGER,
FENDT, saqarTvelos da mTlianad kavkasiis bazrisaTvis mniSvnelovan siaxles
warmoadgens.
aRsaniSnavia Sveduri kompania DELAVAL
DELAVAL-i
-i (WWW.DE
(WWW.DELAVAL.COM,
VAL.COM, romelic msoflio
lideria merZeuli mecxoveleobisaTvis teqnikis sruli speqtris da teqnologiebis warmoebasa da miwodebaSi, rogorc msxvili mecxoveleobis kompleqsebisaTvis, aseve saSualo da mcire zomis fermebisaTvis.
kompania „msoflio teqnika”-s kidev erTi strategiuli partnioria italiuri kompania MASCHIO & GASPARDO WWW.MASCHIONET.COM, evropis lideri saTesebis,
Rrmadgamafxviereblebis, Semasxureblebis, niadagis frezebis da sxva sasoflosameurneo misabmeli agregatebis miwodebaSi.
garda zemoaRniSnuli kompaniebisa, dReisaTvis kompania „msoflio teqnika” saqarTveloSi warmoadgens: germanul kompania GRIMME
GRIMMEs
s WWW.GRIMME.COM;
italiur kompania SEPPIM
SEPPIMs WWW.SEPPI.COM; espanur kompania JJ BROCH
BROCHs
s (WWW.
(WWW.
JJBROCH.ES; belgiur kompania JOSKIN
JOSKINs
s (WWW.JOS
(WWW.JOSKIN.COM; italiur korporacia
EMAKs
EMAK
s (WWW.EMAK.IT;
(WWW.EMAK.IT; kanadur kompania SHULTE
SHULTE-s
-s WWW.SHULTE.CA; rusul holdings
АГРОМАШ-s
АГРОМАШ
-s WWW.AGROMH.COM da sxva kompaniebs.
kompania „msoflio teqnikis” kredoa mxolod da mxolod xarisxiani Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi teqnikisa da teqnologiebis miwodeba bazarze.
nomerSi waikiTxavT:
ასკა
saqarTveloSi
ASCA
MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s
produqciis popularoba
dRiTidRe izrdeba
ახალი აგრარული
საქართველო
AKHALI AGRARULI SAQARTVELO
(New Agrarian Georgia)
ყოველთვიური სამეცნიეროსაინფორმაციო ჟურნალი.
Monthly scientific-informative magazine
ნოემბერი, 2013 წელი.
#11 (31)
სარედაქციო კოლეგია:
შოთა მაჭარაშვილი (მთ. რედაქტორი),
ნუგზარ ებანოიძე, რეზო ჯაბნიძე, მიხეილ
სოხაძე, თამარ სანიკიძე, ნოდარ ბრეგვაძე,
გიორგი ბარისაშვილი (მევენახეობამეღვინეობის რედაქციის რედაქტორი),
თამთა გუგუშვილი (ინგლ. ვერს. რედაქტორი).
სამეცნიერო საბჭო:
აკადემიკოსები, მეცნიერებათა
დოქტორები, პროფესორები:
რევაზ მახარობლიძე (თავმჯდომარე),
ნოდარ ჩხარტიშვილი, გურამ ალექსიძე,
ნუგზარ ებანოიძე, პაატა კოღუაშვილი,
ელგუჯა შაფაქიძე, პეტრე ნასყიდაშვილი,
ზვიად ბრეგვაძე, ელგუჯა გუგუშვილი, ზაურ
ჯულუხიძე, ზურაბ ჯინჯიხაძე, ქრისტო
კახნიაშვილი, ადოლ ტყეშელაშვილი, ნატო
კაკაბაძე, კუკური ძერია, კახა ლაშხი, ომარ
თევდორაძე, ნუგზარ სარჯველაძე, დავით ბედია, თენგიზ ყურაშვილი, ზურაბ ლოლაძე,
კობა კობალაძე, ნუკრი მემარნიშვილი.
გამომცემელი:
“აგრარული სექტორის
კომპანიების ასოციაცია” (ასკა);
Agraruli Sectoris
Companiebis asociacia (ASCA);
(Association of Agrarian Sector Companies).
საქართველოს რეგიონული ეკონომიკური
პრიორიტეტების კვლევითი ცენტრი “რეგიონიკა”;
Regionica _ Georgian Research Center for
Regional Economic Priorities.
რედაქციის მისამართი:
თბილისი (0119), აგლაძის ქ. # 32
ტელ/tel: +995 (33) 2 34-76-33
+995 (99) 16 -18-31
Tbilisi (0119), Agladze str. # 32
www.regionica.org/journal.
www.regionica.org/journ
al.
editor of English version Tamta Gugushvili
დააკაბადონა გიორგი მაისურაძემ
ჟურნალი ხელმძღვანელობს
თავისუფალი პრესის პრინციპით.
The journal acts in accordance with
the principles of free press.
© საავტორო უფლება დაცულია.
All rights reserved.
რეფერირებადია 2011 წლიდან
დაიბეჭდა შპს “გამომცემლობა კოლორში”
Tbilisi
tel./faqsi: (+995 32) 2 35 10 05.
tel.: (+995 32) 2 34 76 33
14
axali
x
agraruli
r r
s
saq
qarTvelo
r
o
16
pania
-s
universaluri teqnika
17 kom
18 delavali
GRIMME
23
qvevris Rvino da Rvinis
msoflio bazari
memarnis survilidan gamomdinare qvevrSi Rvino aTwleulobiTac
ki SeiZleba darCes.
ratom aris Caketili soflis
meurneobis saministros
kari fermerebisTvis?
21
vadi huminur-organuli
sasuqi àgrovita~
25 Txe
axali jiSebi
28 xisalis
qarTveloSi
aWaris istoriaSi pirvelad
rva qalbatons agrarul
mecnierebebSi akademiuri
doqtoris wodebebi mieniWa
32 34 kvleva, romelic 2014 wels
marwyvis warmoebis
37 gamoqveyndeba
saxelmZRvanelo
lo-sameurneo
39 sakosof
operativebi
Tanamedrove
42 kaklis
bioteqnologiuri meTodi
lenbergis~
38 kooperativebi Sps-bad 43 `Sma
daavadeba gvitevs!
ar unda gadaiqces
SevqmnaT
45 rogor
kooperativi
tropikuli soflis
45 sub
meurneobis wamyvani dargebi
mravali mwarmoeblis mizania
marwyvis mosavlis ufro adre
aReba an zamTris ganmavlobaSi
warmoeba.
evropul qveynebSi kooperativebis ganviTarebis 170-wliani gamocdileba Cvens qveyanaSi kooperaciuli moZraobis sworad warmarTvisaTvis mdidar masalas iZleva.
IN VITRO
?
Jurnali àxali agraruli saqarTvelo~ gTavazobT!
JurnalSi erTi kvadratuli santimetri sareklamo farTis
Rirebuleba Seadgens: ydis meore gverdze _ 60 TeTrs (mTliani
gverdi _ 350 lari), boloswina gverdze _ 50 TeTrs (mTliani
gverdi _ 300 lari), bolo gverdze _ ukana ydaze _ 60 TeTrs
(mTliani gverdi _ 350 lari). Sida gverdebze _ 35 TeTrs (mTliani
gverdi _ 200 lari).
Jurnali „axali agraruli saqarTvelo” referirebadia 2009
wlidan. samecniero statiis moculoba reziumis TanxlebiT ar
unda aRematebodes 1,5 intervaliT, 12-iani SriftiT nabeWd 5
Tabaxis gverds.
Jurnalis gamowera SegiZliaT presis gavrcelebis saagentoebSi:
èlva.ji~ (tel.: (032) 2-38-26-73; (032) 2-38-26-74); `saqpresa+~ (577 97 90 50).
1 wliT Jurnalis gamowera dagijdebaT 24 lari, 6 TviT _
12 lari.
ნოემბერი, 2013
korporacia AGCO - Tanamedrove
sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika da teqnologiebi
soflis meurneobis asaRorZineblad
korporacia AGCO msoflioSi sasoflo-sameurneo manqanebis (agregatebis) mwarmoebelTa Soris
lideri da erT-erTi yvelaze angariSgasawevi
moTamaSea.
AGCO korporaciis manqanebs mravali prestiJuli
saerTaSoriso jildo aqvT miniWebuli. korporacia
msoflioSi udidesi samrewvelo, sadistribucio dilerebis qselis mflobelia, romelSic 2700-ze meti
kompaniaa gaerTianebuli da misi sasoflo-sameurneo manqanebi 140-ze met qveyanaSi muSaobs..
AGCO-s mTlianad esmis msoflio bazrebze sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis tendenciebi da aqvs maTTan
muSaobis mkafio strategia, razec bolo 20 wlis
ganmavlobaSi kompaniis STambeWdavi winsvla metyvelebs. bolo marketinguli wlis ganmavlobaSi
kompaniis gayidvebis moculobam 8 miliard dolars
gadaaWarba. sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis msoflio brendebis Challenger, Fendt, Massey Ferguson
da Valtra-s wyalobiT korporacia mTels msoflioSi
exmareba agrarul bizness Tanamedrove sistemebze
gadawyoba-modernizebaSi, mudmivadmzardi momgebiani biznesis SeqmnaSi. AGCO korporaciis konstruqtorebis, savele inJinrebis, servisis TanamSromlebis ZiriTadi mowodeba teqnikis gamarTuli
muSaoba da miwaTmoqmedebisTvis nebismieri gamowvevis praqtikulad da maRalteqnologiurad gadaWraa.
AGCO korporaciaSi Semavali sasoflo-sameurneo
teqnikis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi mudmivad siaxleebis Ziebasa da danergvaSi arian. korporacia anviTarebs da aqtiurad uWers mxars yvelaze Tanamedrove
teqnologiur centrebs, romlebic ganTavsebulia
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. maTi teqnologiuri da teqnikuri mignebebi inovaciurobiTa da maRali praqtikulobiT gamoirCeva.
AGCO korporacia samecniero-kvleviT da kvleviT-konstruqtorul programebSi yovelwliurad
mravalmilioniani investiciebis CadebiT, uaxlesi
teqnologiebis centrebis meSveobiT, romlebic ganTavsebulia germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, aSSsa da braziliaSi, miwaTmoqmedebs mudmiv inovaciur
siaxleebs sTavazobs.
AGCO-s yvela nouhau swrafadve inergeba korporaciis yvela brendis teqnikaSi, Challenger, Fendt,
Massey Ferguson da Valtra-s CaTvliT.
AGCO korporaciis konstruqtorebi da specialistebi yovelTvis iTvaliswineben klientebis
moTxovnebs da mWidrod TanamSromloben agrarul
da samecniero-kvleviT dawesebulebebTan, qmnian
manqanebs (danadgarebs), romlebic saSualebas aZlevs fermerebs minimaluri danaxarjebiT maqsimaluri Sedegi miiRon rogorc mindvrad, ise finansuri TvalsazrisiT.
kompania „msoflio teqnikis” damsaxurebiT saqarTvelos fermerebs, agroholdingebs wleuls pirvelad saSualeba eZlevaT AGCO korporaciaSi Semavali brendebis: Challenger, Fendt, Massey Ferguson da
Valtra-s teqnika SeiZinon da sakuTari biznesis gasaZliereblad gamoiyenon.
Challenger-i seriozuli teqnikaa bazris seriozuli moTamaSeebisaTvis — Challenger aris idealuri
gadawyvetileba farTomasStabiani sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoebisaTvis. am brendis maRalproduqtiul, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis bolo sityviT
aRWurvil muxluxian da borblebian traqtorebs,
mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebis da sasuqis Sesatan
manqanebs, niadagis damamuSavebel da saTes mowyobilobebs msoflios mowinave miwaTmoqmedTa Soris umwikvlo reputacia aqvT.
axali agraruli saqarTvelo
15
saqarTveloSi MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s produqciis
popularoba dRiTidRe izrdeba
msoflioSi sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis umsxvilesi mwarmoeblis, italiuri samrewvelo jgufis
MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s
MASCHIO&GASPARDO
-s produqciis popularoba
dRiTidRe izrdeba.
kompania awarmoebs bostneul-baRCeulisa da sxvadasxva saxeobis marcvleuli kulturebis rogorc
tradiciul, ise minimalur (NO-TILL) da zoluri
teqnologiis zust saTeselebs, Rrmadgamafxviereblebs, diskatorebs, frezebs, kultivatorebs (rogorc mTliani farTobis, ise kvlebs Soris damamuSavebels), sasuqis momfantvelebs da sxva.
2010 wels msoflioSi gansakuTrebiT farTo gasaqani mieca 8X70 da12X45 rigis (SP — ankerebiani an
MT- diskosebr CamTesebian), MAESTRA, MINI-METRO-s
(12X70 an 18X45) da METRO-s (16X70 an 24X45) saTeselebs. kompaniam ufro didi — MAXI- METRO-s — 24,
32 an 36 rigiani saTeselebis gamoSveba daiwyo, romelic erTdroulad ramdenime operacias asrulebs
(Tesva, sasuqis Setana). amasTan erTad igi warmadobiTac gamorCeulia: dRe-RameSi 500 heqtarze meti
farTobis damuSaveba SeuZlia bunkerebis Teslis
erTxel SevsebiT iseTi niadagebisTvis, sadac qveda fenebi imdenad aris datkepnili, rom bunebrivi
sadrenaJe sistema srulad an nawilobriv darRveulia. aRniSnuli Rrmadgamafxvierebeli agregatebi
30-35 sm. siRrmeze angrevs datkepnil qanebs da xels
uwyobs misi bunebrivi struqturis aRdgenas.
aseve
unda
gavamaxviloT
yuradReba
—
MASCHIO&GASPARDO — TSAR axal modificirebul
diskoian farcxze, romelic 4-dan 12 santimetramde samulCe fenis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyeneba. amave dros igi uzrunvelyofs niadagis zeda aqtiur
16
fenaSi organul nivTierebaTa cvlis procesis daCqarebas, misi struqturis gaumjobesebas, mikroorganizmebis dacvasa da niadagidan tenis aorTqlebis
Seferxebas.
diskoiani farcxis mniSvnelovan kvanZebs: Tvlebis morgvebs (stupica) da sxva swrafcveTad detalebs resursi sul mcire 10 aTas heqtramde aqvT gaxangrZlivebuli. diskoebi dayenebulia zambarebian
dgarze, rac winaRobis (qvis an sxva myari sxeulis)
moxvedris SemTxvevaSi moxris saSualebas aZlevs
da amasTan erTad muSaobis dros irxeva da idealur
mulCs warmoqmnis.
arcerTi sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis mwarmoebeli kompania msoflioSi ise axlos ar aris momxmarebelTan, rogorc MASCHIO&GASPARDO. amis garda,
kompania aqtiurad monawileobs gamofenebSi, sxvadasxva qveynebSi gamarTul „mindvris dReebSi”, eswreba sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebs, mudmiv monitorings uwevs sakuTar teqnikas, xvews da aZlierebs
agregatebis konstruqcias, Seaqvs koreqtivebi da
amitomac MASCHIO&GASPARDO-s manqanebi erT-erTi yvelaze saimedoa msoflioSi, rac kompaniis klientebs saSualebas aZlevs, maqsimalurad mWidro vadebSi, maRalxarisxianad Seasrulon sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebi da adekvaturi mosavalic miiRon.
MASCHIO&GASPARDO ramdenime weliwadia aqtiurad muSaobs saqarTvelos bazarze da qarTvel
fermerebs maRalteqnologiur sasoflo-sameurneo agregatebs awvdis. saqarTveloSi MASCHIO&
GASPARDO-s warmomadgeneli kompania „msoflio
teqnikaa”, romelic saqarTveloSi fermerebs am firmis mravalferovani produqciis srul paketsa da maRali xarisxis serviss sTavazobs.
kom pa nia GRIMME -s
universaluri teq ni ka
kompania Grimme
Grimme-s
-s istoria samWedlo warmoebidan iwyeba, romelic 1861 wels qalaq dammeSi (qvemo saqsonia) Seiqmna. kartofilis
specializaciaze firma sawarmoSi franc grimes mosvlis Semdeg,
gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebSi gadavida. swored maSin ganxorcielda GRIMME
GRIMME-s
-s erT-erTi pirveli teqnikuri proeqti (kartofilis
amomTxreli bolqvebis damWeriT), rac im periodisTvis didi progresi iyo da mas konkurenti ar hyavda. manqana miwidan amoTxril
kartofils kvlis gaswvriv erT rigad agrovebda, rac mis Segrovebasac aiolebda da arc mosavlis aRebis samuSaoebis paralelurad, gverdiTa kvlebidan amoRebas uSlida xels. Tu manqanis xsenebul modelze imdroindeli moTxovnilebis statistikas CavxedavT,
udavod naTeli gaxdeba, rogori popularobiT sargeblobda igi
fermerebSi: marto 1939 wels GRIMME
GRIMME-m
-m am modelis 1600 egzemplari
awarmoa da gayida.
1956 wels Grimme-m bazarze misabmeliani, erTrigiani kartofilis amRebi kombaini gamoitana.
misi mibma ukve traqtorzec SeiZleboda. pirvel weliwads mxolod 40 manqanis gamoSveba moxerxda, magram momdevno periodSi am
manqanaze moTxovnileba saocari
tempiT izrdeboda da aTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi, vidre igi warmoebaSi iyo, 10 000-ze meti egzemplari
gaiyida. da rac mTavaria, naxevarze meti sazRvargareT, niderlandebSi gaiyida.
samociani wlebi Grimme-s sxva
modelTan — kartofilis misabmelian amReb kombain Europa Standart-Tan aris dakavSirebuli. am
manqanis gamoCenisTanave bazarze
Grimme aRiarebuli lideri gaxda. ramdenime weliwadSi am tipis
20 000-ze meti manqana gaiyida. im
dros kombainebis teqnikur-teqnologiuri aRWurviloba revoluciuri iyo. elevatori da bunkeri hidravlikiT, avtomaturad
imarTeboda. 70-iani wlebis dadgoma Grimme-m TviTmavali kartofilis amRebi kombainis gamoSvebiT aRniSna. xuTi wlis Semdeg
ki kompaniam orrigiani TviTmavali kombaini gamoitana bazarze,
romelsac 3,5-toniani bunkeri
hqonda.
2001 wels bazarze Grimme-s konceptualurad axali oTxrigiani
TviTmavali, Tanamedrove marTvis
sistemebiTa da 15-toniani bunke-
riT aRWurvili kombaini gamoCnda, romelic didi zomisa da wonis
miuxedavad, niadags TiTqmis ar
azianebs (ar tkepnis).
bolo xans kompania Grimme aqtiurad nergavs da anviTarebs GPS
teqnologias. 2009 wels kompaniam CCI 200 sistemis danergvisTvis
agroteqnikis saerTaSoriso gamofenaze oqros medali daimsaxura, xolo 2010 wels grimem yvela
TviTmavalze am sistemebis seriulad damontaJeba daiwyo.
saqarTveloSi kompania Grimme-s
warmoadgens kompania „msoflio
teqnika“, romelic grimes teqnologiebis srul serviss uzrunvelyofs. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi
warmodgenilia grimes kartofilis mwarmoebeli teqnikis sruli
Sleifi: Grimme BF 200 — rigebis
momwyobi. Grimme GL 34 — kartofilis saTesi, Grimme GF 75 — bazoebis momwyobi Grimme KS 75
— foCebis damqucmacebeli mulCeri, Grimme RL 1700 — kartofilis amomyreli. Semotanilia kartofilis amRebi misabmeli kombaini — Grimme SE 140 da Grimme SE
150.
17
delavali
oleg pavlovi
„DeLaval
DeLaval”-is
”-is regionuli
direqtori samxreT kavkasiis
qveynebSi
Sveduri kompania „DELAVAL
„DELAVAL”-i,
”-i, merZeuli mecxoveleobis msxvili, saSualo da mcire zomis kompleqsebisaTvis teqnikisa da teqnologiebis sruli speqtris mwarmoebeli msoflio lideria.
Sps “msoflio teqnika”, romelic „DELAVAL
„DELAVAL”-is
”-is oficialuri warmomadgenelia saqarTveloSi, am kompaniasTan erTad gegmavs saqarTveloSi maRalteqnologiuri merZeuli mecxoveleobis dargis ganviTarebas misces biZgi.
„DELAVAL
DELAVAL”-i
”-i 125 wlis winaT Seiqmna SveciaSi, roca gustav de lavalma rZis separatori daapatenta, ramac rZis warmoebis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana.
dRes „„DELAVAL
DELAVAL”-i
”-i msoflioSi merZeuli mecxoveleobis teqnologiebis mimwodebeli wamyvani kompaniaa, romlis teqnologiur miRwevebs
yoveldRiurad milionobiT merZeve fermeri moixmars da mas rZis
warmoebis yvela etapze iyenebs.
„DELAVAL
DELAVAL”-i
”-i qmnis sawvel da samacivre mowyobilobebs, jogis marTvis da rZis warmoebis procesis avtomatizebis sistemebs, saqonlis
movlis, kvebisa da sakvebis gamanawilebel mowyobilobebs.
„DELAVAL
DELAVAL”-i
”-i aerTianebs 20 samrewvelo sawarmos, 36 marketingul
kompanias, 29 komerciul warmomadgenlobas, 5 specialur sasawyobe
kompleqss, 2935 maRazias, 1799 dilersa da mTel armia _ 5134 _ moZrav
avtomaRaziasa da servisis avtomobilebs, rac kompanias biznesis
marTvis progresuli meTodebis danergvis saSualebas aZlevs.
„DELAVAL
DELAVAL”-i
”-i ukve saqarTveloSia, mas regionSi, rogorc vTqviT,
kompania „msoflio teqnika“ warmoadgens. vfiqrobT, Cveni Jurnalis
kiTxvebze samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi „„DELAVAL
DELAVAL”-is
”-is regionuli
direqtorisis, oleg pavlovis pasuxebi saintereso iqneba.
— batono oleg, saqarTvelo mTagoriani qveyanaa.
CvenTan tradiciulad ganviTarebuli iyo momTabare mesaqonleoba. am segmentisaTvis ra teqnologiebs sTavazobs de lavali regionebSi momuSave merZeuli mesaqonleobiT dakavebul fermerebs?
— rasakvirvelia, tradiciebi, cxovrebis wesi
moqmedebda da kvlavac Sesabamis koreqtivebs Seitans mecxoveleobis dargis ganviTarebaSi. es SeiZleba teqnologiebs ar exeba, miTumetes Tanamedroves, magram gvesmis da viTvaliswinebT momTabare mecxoveleobis dargis Taviseburebebs, amitomac kompania „DeLaval”-i am segmentSi dasaqmebul
18
fermerebs martivi da saimedo mobiluri sawveli
aparatebis farTo speqtrs sTavazobs. aseTi danadgarebi dakompleqtebulia erTi an ori sakidi
nawiliT, rac saaTSi 16 Zroxis mowvelis saSualebas iZleva. aseve momTabare fermerebs SegviZlia
SevTavazoT unikaluri mobiluri sawveli darbazebi, romelic momTabareobis periodSi jogs mudmivad Tan unda axldes.
pirvel da meore SemTxvevaSic aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia eleqtroenergiis wyaro.
— mecxvareoba saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia. CvenTan mTaSi uniნოემბერი, 2013
kaluri gemovnuri Tvisebebis cxvris (gudis) yvels
amzadeben. aseve sainteresoa Txis rZis warmoebis sakiTxic. ra SeuZlia de lavals SesTavazos qarTvel
fermerebs, vinc cxvrisa da Txis rZisa da yvelis biznesiTaa dakavebuli?
— saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi rogorc saqarTveloSi da mTel kavkasiaSi, dRes ki mTel msoflioSi Txisa da cxvris rZis produqtebze gansakuTrebuli
moTxovnilebaa. laparaki marto gurmanebze ar aris,
romlebsac yvelis ganumeorebeli gemos Sefaseba SeuZliaT. jer kidev Seuvsebelia bavSvTa kvebis niSa,
asevea saRi rZisgan damzadebuli produqti. am bazris potenciali Zalian didia — ese igi produqciis
warmoebas seriozuli perspeqtiva aqvs. cxvrebisa da
Txebis zemoTnaxsenebi mobiluri sawveli danadgarebisa da sawveli darbazebis garda, „DeLaval”-i fermerebs cxvrebisa da Txebis sxvadasxva zomis fermebis mza proeqtebs „Caibare gasaRebi” sTavazobs.
bunebrivia, am fermebSi gamoyenebulia yvelaze Tanamedrove sawveli danadgarebi, rZis gasaciebeli
mowyobilobebi, cxvrisa da Txis dasanayrebeli da
dasarwyulebeli agregatebi, saventilacio da mikroklimatis maregulirebeli mowyobilobebi da
sxva. am dargis momavali cxvrebisa da Txebis aseT
Tanamedrove fermebSia.
rac Seexeba cxvrisa da Txis rZisgan yvelis warmoebas, imis miuxedavad, rom „DeLaval”-is mowyobilobebis asortimentSi rZis gadammuSavebeli danadgarebi warmodgenili ar aris, Cven yvelis mwarmoeblebTan mTel msoflioSi SesaniSnavi urTierToba
gvaqvs, gansakuTrebiT — safrangeTSi, qveyanasTan,
romlis Txis yveli msoflioSi saukeTesod iTvleba.
„DeLaval”-s aseve SeuZlia saqarTvelos fermerebs am
sferoSi ganaTlebis miRebisa da aseT fermebSi staJirebis gavlis SesaZleblobac misces.
maT, visac ainteresebs Txisa da cxvris Tanamedrove fermebis aSeneba, „DeLaval”-i aramarto mowyobilobebs da teqnologiebs, aramed am amocanis
srulyofisaTvis servisis mTel speqtrs sTavazobs,
dawyebuli cxovelebis SeZenidan, yvelis warmoebis
teqnologiebis aTvisebiT damTavrebuli.
— saqarTvelos biorZis warmoebis unikaluri pirobebi aqvs, vgulisxmob kavkasionis ferdobebis,
maT Soris alpuri zonis SesaZleblobebs. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad perspeqtiulia es saqme da am mimarTebiT ra gadawyvetilebebis SeTavazeba SeuZlia de
lavals qarTveli fermerebisTvis?
— perspeqtiva, rasakvirvelia, aris. amis dasturia mTel msoflioSi naturalur, cocxal produqtebze gazrdili moTxovnileba. rZis warmoeba Sromatevadi saqmea da aq uzarmazari mniSvneloba aqvs
ara marto adgils, aramed warmoebis meTods, sawyisi
nedleulis xarisxs, gansakuTrebiT rZis sisufTavesa da yvela misi unikaluri Tvisebis SenarCunebas.
kompania „DeLaval”-is mTeli Zalisxmeva mimarTulia
rac SeiZleba xarisxiani, srulyofili, Tu gindaT
„cocxali“ biorZis miRebisken.
„DeLaval”-is merZeuli mecxoveleobis sferoSi
inovaciuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis 125-wliani gamocdileba aqvs da igi yovelTvis mxarSi udgas
fermerebs, raTa sakuTari meurneoba maTTvis mosaxerxebeli meTodebiT marTos.
Cveni iniciativa „myari sarZeo meurneoba“ mimarTulia xarisxiani produqciis miRebisken, romelsac
Zalian bevri adamiani moixmars da ziani ar adgeba garemos.
Cveni koncefcia Smart Farming (Wkviani ferma) aqedanve mimarTulia momavlis merZeuli mecxoveleobis Seqmnisken. mizania wveladobis marTvidan fermis
Semosavlebis globalur marTvaze gadasvla, sadac
axali gadawyvetilebebis da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT rZis warmoeba, xarisxi da mogeba
kidev ufro gaizrdeba.
19
Cven Tqvens
marcvleuls
xangrZlivad,
iafad da
xarisxianad
SevinaxavT!
firma
lomTagoras
marcvleulis
gadammuSavebeli
saSrob-Sesanaxi
qarxana
saqarTvelo, marneulis raioni, Sps. „firma
„firma lomTagora”
lomTagora
“FIRM
FIRM LOMTAGORA
LOMTAGORA”” LTD, Georgia, Marneuli Region,
tel.: (+995 99) 56-26-16; (+995 91) 20-25-25
www.lomtagora.com; E-mail: [email protected]
ფერმერთა საწ
საწუხარი
უხ არი
ratom aris Caketili soflis meurneobis
saministros kari fermerebisTvis?
codva gamxelili sjobs, xelisuflebis Secvlidan Zalian male Cven vwerdiT, rom
soflis meurneobis saministroSi saqme mTlad kargad ver iyo da mis mimarT kiTxvebi aucileblad gauCndebodaT Sesabamis organoebs. samwuxarod, Cveni varaudi da
informacia gamarTlda. ramdenime Cinovnikis mimarT prokuraturam sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRZra. mogvianebiT saqarTvelos premier-ministrma sajaro gamosvlis
dros JurnalistebTan ramdenjerme Tqva, rom soflis meurneobis yofilma (gadamdgarma) ministrma (manamde mTeli dunia rom Seyara, qveyanas Tavslafi asxa da evropel
Tu amerikel uflebadamcvelebs seriozuli eWvi gauCina saqarTvelos xelisuflebis usamarTlobaze), Secdoma aRiara (mokled Cven dagveTanxma), rom saministroSi
marTlac xdeboda cudi saqmeebi, magram xelmZRvanelobam amis Sesaxeb manamde, vidre
prokuratura ar gamoiZieda saqmes, „araferi icoda“... damnaSaveebi, savaraudod mecnierebi da SedarebiT dabali rangis teqnikuri personali aRmoCnda, romelic, albaT
sakadrisadac daisjebian. diax, sworedac rom mecnierebi aqceven qveyanas. amitomac
soflis meurneobidan mecniereba unda amoiZirkvos! iZirkveba kidec. agraruli dargis met-naklebad mcodne specialisti qveyanaSi sanTliT saZebnia. qveyanaSi soflis
meurneoba prioritetul mimarTulebad ki gamocxadda, magram amave dros fermerTa
did nawilsac miaCnia, rom soflis meurneobis saministro maT aranair daxmarebas
ar uwevs.
. marTalia iafi sesxebis programa daiwyo, magram proeqtis fiskaluri efeqti (fondis mier sabanko %-is nawilis dafarva fermerebisTvis didi SeRavaTia, Tumca
irkveva, rom es resursi grantis kuTxiT ver iqneba ganxiluli da moqmedi kanonis mixedviT 20%-saSemosavlo
da 15% mogebis gadasaxadebiT ibegreba), TiTqmis ararealuria da yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
es, e.w. saqveyno proeqti Cavardnis pirasaa. amitom fermerebi SeiZleba mindvridan quCebSi gamovidnen, manamde
ki mimarTaven yvelas, sazogadoebas, arasamTavrobo seqtors, visac raime qmediTi daxmarebis aRmoCena SeuZlia
da Txoven, gamoiyenon codna, gamocdileba, kavSirebi
raTa maT aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi SeRavaTiani
agrokreditiT sargebloba SeZlon, gaafarToon meurneobebi, gazardon produqciis warmoeba.
ar vici, am jadosnuri rkalis garRvevas rogor SeZlebs sazogadoeba, magram qveynis ekonomikis prioritetad gamocxadebuli dargi rom kvlav mZime dReSia,
es naTlad Cans. mravali magaliTidan amjerad erTerTs gagacnobT da Tavad gansajeT, ra rogoraa.
malurad uzrunvelvyoT saqarTveloSi evropuli gamocdilebis da praqtikis danergvao.
rogorc biofermeri Teimuraz kobaxiZe ambobs, saxelmwifo programaSi monawile komerciuli bankebis umravlesoba ise CaerTo aRniSnul proeqtSi, rom
sof. meurneobis dakreditebis aranairi gamocdileba
ar gaaCniaT.
fermerebis udidesi nawili bankebTan mimarTebaSi
aRniSnul etapze Semdeg problemebs xvdeba:
saerTod ar ainteresebT biznesgegma, ar kiTxuloben da ar interesdebian proeqtis arsiT da sxv.
mxolod giravnoba, gasacemi sesxis moculoba da kreditis xangZlivoba Sedis maTi interesis sferoSi.
giravnoba ganekuTvneba fantastikis sferos. magaliTad, 100 000 laris sakredito proeqtis giraod
iTxoven 250-300 000 laris Rirebulebis likvidur
(mesamed) sabazro Rirebulebis uZrav qonebas. rig
rogorc fermerTa did nawils miaCnia, maT soflis
meurneobis saministro da proeqtebis marTvis saagento sesxis aRebis kuTxiT aranair daxmarebas ar uwevs.
proeqtis fiskaluri efeqti (fondis mier sabanko
%-is nawilis dafarva fermerebisTvis didi SeRavaTia, Tumca irkveva, rom es resursi grantis kuTxiT
ver iqneba ganxiluli da momqmedi kanonis mixedviT
20%-saSemosavlo da 15% mogebis gadasaxadebiT ibegreba) TiTqmis ararealuria da yovelive zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, es saqveyno proeqti Cavardnis
pirasaa. fermerebi mimarTaven yvelas, sazogadoebas,
arasamTavrobo seqtors, visac raime qmediTi daxmarebis aRmoCena SeuZliaT da Txoven gamoiyenon codna,
gamocdileba, kavSirebi da SeZlebisdagvarad dagvexmaroT fermerebs aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi
— visargebloT SeRavaTiani agrokreditiT da maqsmiნოემბერი, 2013
21
ფერმე რთა საწუხა
ფერმერთა
საწუხარი
რი
SemTxvevebSi giravnobad ar Rebuloben pirutyvs,
fermaSi arsebul Senoba-nagebobebsa da sxva...
saerTod ar ganixilaven damwyeb bizness (startap-s) giravnobisa da saintereso biznesproeqtis arsebobis miuxedavad.
fermeris sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwis nakveTs, miuxedavad maszed arsebuli infrastruqturisa, bankebi afaseben saxelmwifos mier dadgenili tarifebiT,
1 heqtari 500-600 larad, rac TavisTavad amcirebs giravnobis Rirebulebas da moiTxovs damatebiT uZravi
qonebis giravnobaSi Cadebas.
gamovlenilia uamravi faqti, roca nacvlad iafi
kreditis saxelmwifo proeqtSi CarTvisa, bankebi
fermerebs sTavazoben TavianT proeqtebs Zviri saprocento ganakveTiT 15-dan 28%-is farglebSi da
cdiloben daarwmunon fermeri „Tqven marTla namdvili ggoniaT?“..., „3 weli iqneba es mTavroba?! ......“, „19
aprilis Semdeg Semogviare“!
bankebi ar iTvaliswineben sof. meurneobis zogierTi dargis specifikas ganviTarebis vadebTan dakavSirebiT, rac gasacemi sesxis SeRavaTiani periodis
xangrZlivobaSi aisaxeba. magaliTad, (mesaqonleoba,
Tevzis gamravleba...) saprocento ganakveTis gadaxdas iTxoven 6-7 TveSi, rac warmoudgenelia.
saerTod ar aris cnobili saxelmwifo proeqtSi
monawile bankebis sakredito resursebis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra Tanxebi aqvT gamoyofili soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis programaSi me-2 da me-3 segmentis dakreditebis kuTxiT.
ar aris cnobili, Tu ra valdebulebebi aqvT aRebuli bankebs saxelmwifosa da fermerebis mimarT. aRniSnuli midgoma urTulebs fermerebs bankebTan urTierTobas.
saqarTveloSi bolo 10 wlis manZilze moRvawe
mTel sabanko seqtors mxolod 1% aqvs gaRebuli sof.
meurneobis dakreditebis kuTxiT. 70-80% sakredito
resursebisa mimarTuli iyo monopoliuri biznesis
da importis waxalisebaze, rac aisaxeba qveynis sasursaTo bazarze importis Warbi raodenobiT — daaxloebiT 80 %. aRniSnuli statistikuri monacemebi calsaxad gviCvenebs bankebis gulgril damokidebulebas am
marTlac saqveyno proeqtTan mimarTebaSi, rac saxelmwifom 2012 wlis 1 oqtombris Semdeg wamoiwyo.
bankebi ar ganixilaven msoflioSi gavrcelebul
praqtikas fermeris infrastruqturis, samSeneblo
samuSaoebis (rZisa da yvelis saamqro, inkubatori,
sawveli danadgarebi, sajiSe saqonlis...) etapobrivi
tranSebis saxiT dakreditebas, aseve mTlian sakre-
22
dito paketSi naRdi fulis (qeSi) bankidan gamotanis
SezRudvis aucilebel pirobebs. aseTi midgoma ara
marto evropis wamyvan qveynebSi muSaobs, aramed somxeTSi 3-5 % wliuri, azerbaijanSi 2-3 % wliuri, ruseTi-belarusiaSi 1-4 % wliuri. yvelaze iafi sesxi
wliuri 11 % aqvs „prokredit banks“ — „eko krediti“.
rac mTavaria, vadebi — SeRavaTiani periodi Cvens realobaSi ar aris qarTvel fermerze morgebuli.
saxelmwifo proeqtis me-3 segmenti 100 000-dan
zemoT wliuri 1-3% ganakveTiT, bankebis moTxovnili pirobebiT giravnobis nawilSi faqtiurad gamoricxavs am segmentis farTod dakreditebas. 1 Tvis
ganmavlobaSi gaica 3 sesxi. magaliTad, 600 aTasi dolari krediti Rvinis qarxanaze, giravnobam Seadgina
3.600 000 dolari. aseTi aqtivi mxolod erTeulebs
gaaCniaT! zustad me-3 segmenti xels uwyobs samuSao
adgilebis Seqmnas, daclili soflebis aRorZinebas,
ekonomikuri efeqtis TvalnaTliv danaxvas...
momqmedi kanonmdeblobiT banksa da klients Soris fulad-sakredito urTierToba warmoadgens komerciul saidumloebas, rac apriori gamoricxavs samoqalaqo kontrols aRniSnul sakiTxze. miuxedavad
farTod reklamirebuli saxelmwifo proeqtisa, mxolod Zalovan struqturebs, isic sasamarTlos nebarTviT, aqvT ufleba Caerion aRniSnul sakiTxSi.
bankebis umravlesoba mzad ar aris am saqveyno
proeqtSi aqtiurad CaerTos, rac safrTxis qveS ayenebs proeqtis ganxorcielebas. zogierT SemTxvevebSi
sabotaJis niSnebi saxezea, aRniSnuli did yuradRebas
moiTxovs saxelmwifos mxridan!
zemoTaRniSnuli am problemebis mcire CamonaTvalis mizezi marto sabanko seqtoris gamoucdeloba ar
aris. kiTxvebi arsebobs saministrosTan.
— vin aris iafi sesxis proeqtis avtori?
— ra argumentebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen me-2 da me-3
segmentis dakreditebis vadebis gansazRvrisas?
— ra valdebulebebi aqvs bankebs aRebuli saxelmwifosTan da piriqiT?
— ratom gadasca saministrom bankebs fermerebis
dakreditebis eqskluziuri ufleba dargis specialistebis, specialuri komisiis Carevis uflebis gareSe?
— vin gansazRvravs qveynis agrarul politikas, saministro Tu sabanko seqtori?
— ratom ar ganixilavs saministro saintereso proeqtebs?
— ra roli aqvs proeqtebis marTvis saagentos da
fonds fermerebTan mimarTebaSi, roca identurad
udgebian saqveyno proeqts bankebTan mimarTebaSi?
(ar ainteresebT, ra problemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen
fermerebi!)
— ratom datoves pirispir fermerebi bankebTan?
— ratom aris Caketili saministros karebi fermerebisaTvis? kiTxulobs batoni Teimuraz kobaxiZe da
ambobs, rom saministrom ar uzrunvelyo gamWvirvale
sainformacio politika, reklama iafi sesxis Sesaxeb
ar Seesabameba realobas, ar aris cnobili ra Tanxebi
miemarTeba dakreditebis segmentze, ratom ar ganixileba startapi, roca manamde araerTxel iqna gaJRerebuli sapirispiro, saministros veb gverdze ar aris
detalurad asaxuli yvela saWirboroto sakiTxi,
rac fermerebs ainteresebT... iafi sesxis saxelmwifo
programa am etapze Cavardnis pirasaa!
pasuxebi am kiTxvebze Cvenc gvainteresebs. maincdamainc didi imedi ar gvaqvs, rom soflis meurneobis
saministro am kiTxvebis gacemaze Tavs Seiwuxebs, magram mainc...
ჩვე ნი სიმდიდრე
ჩვენი
qvevris Rvino da Rvinis msoflio bazari
saqarTveloSi dayenebulma qvevris Rvinom esesaa daiwyo msoflio bazarze damkvidreba, rac Tanamedrove, RviniT gajerebul bazarze fexis mosakideblad sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda.
rogor sirTuleebTan uxdeba qarTul qvevris Rvinos Sexvedra
da ra aris agvari Rvinis upiratesoba? ai is ori ZiriTadi sakiTxi,
romelsac Cven SevecdebiT pasuxi gavceT winamdebare werilSi.
sakmaod didi xani dasWirda imas,
rom qarTul tradiciul qvevris
Rvinos misi gangeb Selaxuli reputacia kvlav aRedgina. am rTul
saqmes Tan sdevda im enTuziastTa mcire jgufis xangrZlivi
Sroma, romelma jgufmac Zalze
mcirericxovan qvevrSi Rvinis
damyeneblebTan erTad sabolood daamtkices, rom tradiciuli qarTuli qvevris Rvinis
saxiT saqme gvaqvs im Rirseul
da Zvirfas produqtTan, romelsac Tavisuflad Seswevs
Zala, miiRos msoflio Rvinis
urTulesi bazris gamowveva.
es yovelive ukve araerTxel
damtkicda Sida Tu ucxoeTis
gamofenebze — StatebSi, safrangeTSi, italiaSi, germaniaSi, britaneTSi...
am yvelaferma garkveulwilad mastimulirebeli roli
Seasrula saqarTveloSi im
xalxzec ki, romlebic cota
xnis winaT kritikis qar-cecxlSi atarebdnen rogorc qvevris
Rvinos, ise qvevrSi Rvinis damyenebel memarneebs. saqarTvelos masStabiT, TviT Rvinis didma
qarxnebmac ki, romlebic iyvnen da
rCebian masobrivi Rvinis mwarmoeblebad, brwyinvaled gamoiyenes
es faqti da daiwyes qvevris Rvinis
warmoeba da realizacia.
ra igulisxmeba qvevrSi dayenebul unikalur RvinoSi?
Rvinis dayenebis tradiciuli kaxuri wesi gulisxmobs sruli mtevnis daWyletas qvevrSi.
daWyletili masa — durdo duRilis procesis CaTvliT qvevrSi 5
— 6 Tvemde rCeba (saubaria TeTri
Rvinis dayenebaze). Teberval-marნოემბერი, 2013
tSi Rvinosa da WaWas ganacalkeveben, Rvinos WaWidan moxsnian. amis
Semdeg Rvino kvlav qvevrs ubrundeba, sadac igi garkveuli dro-
iT kidev dahyofs. amgvari Rvinis
qvevrSi Senaxva sakmaod xangrZlivi droiTaa SesaZlebeli da memarnis survilidan gamomdinare
qvevrSi Rvino aTwleulobiTac ki
SeiZleba darCes. qvevrSi amgvarad
dayenebul Rvinos aRar esaWiroeba filtracia Tu qimiuri damuSaveba, amitomac igi absoluturad
naturaluri produqtia. cxadia,
aseTi Rvino ver iqneba iafi da misi
fasi sxva, Cveulebrivi Rvinisagan
unda gansxvavdebodes da gansxvavdeba kidec.
unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTve-
loSi Rvino mxolod kaxuri wesiT
ar yendeboda qvevrSi. CvenSi meRvineobis regionebSi Rvinis dayenebis wesebi met-naklebad gansxvavebulia. magaliTad, imereTSi iqauri wesiT duRilisa da davargebis procesSi WaWis maqsimum erTi
mesamedi nawili iRebs monawileobas. saqarTvelos regionebSi Rvinis dayenebis wesebSi gansxvavebas
ganapirobebs niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi, adgilobrivi vaz
zis jiSebi, tradiciebi da TviT
k
kulinariac ki. zogadad Rvinis
q
qarTulad dayenebaSi moiazr
reba wiTeli Tu TeTri Rvinis
W
WaWis garkveul nawilTan kont
taqti garkveuli droiT. am
y
yvelafers ilia WavWavaZem sakm
maod vrceli narkvevi miuZRvna
— „Rvinis qarTulad dayeneba“
((1887w.), sadac igi ixilavs rog
gorc saqarTvelos, ise ucxoeTis meRvineobis sakiTxebs;
e
erTmaneTs adarebs muxis kasrsa da qvevrs; qarTul maransa
d
da ucxoeTis Rvinis sardafs
d
da sxv. narkvevi - „Rvinis qarT
Tulad dayeneba“ namdviladaa
q
qarTuli tradiciuli meRvineobis naTeli orientiri!
qvevris Rvinis dayenebis saqm
meSi erT-erT umTavres probl
lemas maSin mivadeqiT, rodesac
aaRmoCnda, rom qvevrSi Rvinis
d
dayenebis uZvelesi qarTuli
w
wesi TiTqmis miviwyebuli da mitovebulia. es problema bolomde
daZleulad jerxnobiT marTalia
kidev ar iTvleba, magram gansxvaveba dRevandelsa da Tundac 10
wlis winandel mdgomareobas Soris udavod didia. maSin, rodesac
gasuli saukunis dasawyisisTvis
mTel saqarTveloSi saRvine WurWeli mxolod qvevri iyo da am WurWelSi aTiaTasobiT adamiani ayenebda Rvinos, gasuli saukunisave
bolos da axali — XXI saukunis dasawyisSi qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebas
aqa-iqRa Tu SevxvdebodiT... Tumaxali agraruli saqarTvelo
23
ჩვ ენი სიმდიდრე
ჩვენი
სიმდიდ რე
ca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi qvevris Rvinis dayenebis 8000-wlian istorias wyveta
ar ganucdia da igi dRemde uwyvetad grZeldeba. zemoTxsenebulma
problemam, romelic saxelmwifos
maSindeli mTavrobis mxridan masobrivi, iaffasiani Rvinis dayenebis strategiul miznad dasaxvam gamoiwvia, warmoSva meore, anarakleb didi problemac. kerZod
ki is, rom saqarTveloSi TiTqmis
mTlianad Cakvda Sinamrewvelobis
iseTi unikaluri dargi, rogoric
meqvevreobaa. es cxadicaa, radgan
qvevris Rvino pirdapir kavSirSia
WurWel qvevrTan.
unda iTqvas, rom qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis princips zedmiwevniT miesadaga msoflio meRvine-
procesi araerT riskTanacaa dakavSirebuli. qvevris Rvinis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
es procesi minimaluri CareviT
iZleva srulyofil produqts,
romelsac udavod Seswevs Zala
gauwios konkurencia msoflios
nebismier ZviradRirebul Rvinos,
rac qarTulma qvevris Rvinom ukve araerTxel daamtkica.
msoflio Rvinis bazari esesaa
ixsneba saqarTvelosTvis da swored axlaa saWiro sifrTxile. rogorc araerTi ucxoeli eqsperti
aRniSnavs da mogvmarTavs — Cven,
qarTvelebma msoflio bazarze
damkvidrebis pirveli da metad
mniSvnelovani etapi warmatebiT
gaviareT, rasac win uZRoda sakmaod rTuli — 10-15-wliani samuSao.
obaSi wamowyebuli is axali mimarTuleba, rasac „naturaluri
meRvineoba“ ewodeba da romeli
mimarTulebac sul ufro da ufro popularuli xdeba. am yovelivem ganapiroba is, rom msoflios
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi warmoebulma
naturalurma Rvinom da am saqmis
aRorZinebam garkveulwilad qvevris Rvinis popularizaciasac Seuwyo xeli rogorc saqarTveloSi,
ise ucxoeTSic.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qvevris
Rvinod moiazreba ara is Rvino,
romelic garkveuli droiT Caisxa qvevrSi (rogorc amas zogierTi
Rvinis qarxana akeTebda aqamde),
aramed rigi wesebis dacviT qvevrSi dayenebuli Rvino, rac sakmaod
Sromatevadi procesia. amasTan, es
es etapia qarTuli tradiciuli
qvevris Rvinis popularizacia da
misi istoriis marTebulad wardgena msoflio xalxebisaTvis. es
yovelive araerTxel damtkicda
ucxoeTis Rvinis gamofenebzec,
radganac qarTul sagamofeno
daxlebTan mosuli ucxoeli momxmarebeli pirvel rigSi qvevris
Rvinos kiTxulobs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom maT ukve aqvT garkveuli
informacia rogorc qarTul qvevris Rvinoze, ise Tavad qvevrzec.
amJamad win gvidevs meore, ufro
metad mniSvnelovani etapi. esaa
msoflio bazrisTvis Rirseuli
Rvinis miwodeba, radgan, rogorc
iTqva, qvevris Rvinis aRorZinebis
procesi dawyebulia, Tumca jerjerobiT iseTi Rvino, romelic
24
Rirseulad wardgeba ucxoeTis
bazarze, namdvilad Zalze cotaa.
sakiTxs isic arTulebs, rom qvevris Rvinis dayenebas ar SeiZleba
mieces masobrivi xasiaTi da igi ar
unda iqces industriul Rvinod,
ragind didi iyos masze moTxovna.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misi, rogorc unikaluri produqtis Rirsebac da fasic daecema. amitom
qvevrSi Rvinis dayeneba marnebis
saqmea da ara qarxnebisa!
aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli unikaluri WurWliT — qvevriT ucxoeTSic sakmaod dainteresdnen. ukve
araerTi welia, rac saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi qarTuli qvevrebi
gaedineba. es yovelive misasalmebelia, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki aRiniSneba, rom Rvino
qvevrSia dayenebuli. samwuxarod,
rig SemTxvevebSi qarTuli qvevri „amforad“ inaTleba, rac yovlad miuRebeli da dauSvebelia,
radgan qvevri da amfora radikalurad gansxvavebuli WurWlebia
(amfora — esaa Tixis, daaxloebiT
10-50-litriani oryura berZnuli warmoSobis WurWeli, romelic
gamoiyeneboda zeTis, Rvinisa da
sxvaTa transportirebisaTvis). am
ori WurWlis erTmaneTSi gaigiveba qvevrsa da masSi dayenebul unikalur Rvinos msoflio RvinoebSi
ise gaTqvefs, rom Cveni unikaluri WurWlis saxeli sabolood daikargeba. amiT ki Cveni Sansi, rom
Cvenive unikaluri produqciiT
davmkvidrdeT msoflio bazarze,
erTi aTad gaZneldeba. kidev erTi
problema, romelsac Cveni qveynis
tradiciuli meRvineobis sfero
miadga, esaa termin qvevris transliteraciis sakiTxi. saqme isaa,
rom rig SemTxvevebSi sityva qvevrs
laTinurad weren, rogorc Qvevri,
arada es termini ar aris marTebuli. literaturulad gamarTuli da marTebulia — Kvevri da ara
Qvevri, rasac adasturebs da masze
saboloo samecniero daskvnas iZleva saqarTvelos enaTmecnierebis instituti (arnold Ciqobavas
saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti. werili #59/105.
#59 105. 08.05.2013w.).
swored amitom imisaTvis, rom ar
moxdes gaoreba da aman garkveuli
problemebi ar Segviqmnas, Cven unda gamoviyenoT terminis mxolod
ჩვე ნი სიმდიდრე
ჩვენი
marTebuli transliteracia, rogoricaa — Kvevri.
am etapze qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebasa da mis boTlebSi Camosxmas ZiriTadad kaxeTSi aqvs aqtiuri xasiaTi, sadac amJamad 20-mde marani
eweva saqmianobas. boTlSi Camosxmul qvevris Rvinos awarmoeben
aseve: guriaSi, qarTlSi, leCxumSi
da imereTSi, Tumca ki erTeulebi. qvevrSi Rvinis mwarmoebelTa
erTi nawili CarTulia Rvinis turizmSic, rac kidev ufro uwyobs
xels qarTuli tradiciuli qvevris Rvinis popularizacias.
daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT,
rom saqarTvelodan eqsportirebuli Rvinis mTliani raodenobidan qvevris Rvinis wili jerjerobiT mxolod mizeria da Seadgens
daaxloebiT 1 — 2%-s, magram CvenSi rogorc axali marnebis mSenebloba ise Zvelebis restavracia,
Tu rekonstruqcia ufro da ufro
aqtiur xasiaTs iRebs. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, qarTuli Rvinis eqsportSi gaizrdeba qvevris
Rvinis wilic, rac uaxloes wlebSivea mosalodneli, Tuki, ra Tqma
unda, sakiTxs swori mimarTuleba
miecema.
qarTuli Rvinis kulturas msoflioSi Zveli qarTuli vazis jiSebidan tradiciuli meTodiT dayenebuli qvevris Rvino gauTqvams
saxels, xolo aseTi Rvinis dayeneba ojaxur marnebSi an mcire sawarmoebSia SesaZlebeli, romelTa
aSeneba did TanxebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. amitomac misasalmebeli iqneba, Tu am saqmeSi saxelmwifoc CaerTveba da xels Seuwyobs
rogorc Zveli marnebis aRdgenas,
ise axlebis mSeneblobasac.
qarTuli qvevris Rvinis cnobadoba da moTxovnileba msoflios
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sul ufro
moimatebs da amisTvis aqtiuri
s
mz
s swo
sw red
r
xla un
nda dasam
zadisi
ax
viwyoT. amrigad, saqarTvelos
meRvineobis orientiri qvevri da
maranSi dayenebuli qvevris Rvino
unda iyos. es ukanaskneli ki udavod gaxdeba zogadad qarTuli
Rvinis gzamkvlevi msoflio Rvinis urTules bazarze.
giorgi barisaSvili,
mcxeTa, 2013w.
დამზადებულია საქართველოში
Txevadi huminur-organuli sasuqi àgrovita~
Txevadi huminur-organuli sasuqi „agrovitas“
gamoyeneba marcvlovan kulturebSi, herbicidebTan da mcenareTa dacvis sxva saSualebebTan erT
kombinaciaSi.
Sps „agrovita“ momxmarebels sTavazobs
organul-mineralur sasuqs, romelic aris
farTo moqmedebis speqtris da dabalansebulia makro da mikroelementebiT. misi
gamoyeneba xdeba yvela saxis mcenareTa
gamokvebisaTvis, nebismier regionSi,
mcenareTa ganviTarebis yvela fazaSi.
„agrovitas“ gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT efeqturia marcvlovan kulturebSi herbicidebTan erT kombinaciaSi. bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi
aRniSnuli sasuqi farTod iyo gamoyenebuli marcvlovan kulturebSi
(xorbali, qeri, simindi, mzesumzira
da sxva) herbicidebTan da fungicidebTan erTad. dadginda, rom „agrovitas“ gamoyenebiT mniSvnelovani Sedegebi miiRweva:
1. kulturuli mcenare (xorbali, simindi, mzesumzira Tu sxva) Tavisufldeba herbicidiT gamowveuli stresisagan da agrZelebs normalur zrda-ganviTarebas;
2. izrdeba herbicidis efeqturoba, rac ganpirobebulia sarevela mcenareebis mier herbicidis SeTvisebis gaaqtiurebiT;
3. xdeba kulturuli mcenaris foTlovani gamokveba dabalansebuli mikro da makroelementebiT;
4. Txevadi sasuqis herbicidTan erT kombinaciaSi gamoyeneba ar zrdis sameurneo xarjebs;
5. Sesabamisad izrdeba mosavlianoba da
umjobesdeba moweuli produqciis xarisxi;
mecnierulad dadgenilia mcenareuli
ujredis moTxovnileba ZiriTad sakveb
elementebze. cnobilia, rom mcenareTa
normaluri zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis
16 ZiriTadi elementia saWiro. aqedan
sams — naxSirbads, Jangbads da wyalbads mcenare uSualod atmosferodan
iRebs. danarCen 13 elementze mcenareuli ujredis moTxovnilebas uzrunvelyobs niadagi, sasuqebi an sxvadasxva
organuli naerTebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom
TiToeuli sakvebi elementi mcenaris ujredSi asrulebs Tavis specifikur rols, rac imas
niSnavs, rom misi Secvla romelime sxva elementiT
SeuZlebelia.
25
დამზადებულია საქართველოში
yvela kvebiTi elementi gayofilia sam ZiriTad
jgufad:
makroelementebi — azoti, fosfori da kaliumi;
mezoelementebi — kalciumi, magniumi da gogirdi;
mikroelementebi — rkina, marganeci, bori, cinki,
spilenZi, molibdeni da qlori.
makro da mezoelementebi mcenares sWirdeba yvelaze didi raodenobiT, radganac isini ujredis
komponentebis ZiriTadi Semadgenlebia, m.S. iseTis
rogoricaa cila, nukleinis mJavebi, naxSirwylebi,
qlorofili da sxva. isini aseve mniSvnelovan rols
asruleben iseT fiziologiur procesebSi, rogoricaa sunTqva, kosmiuri wnevis regulireba da sxva.
mikroelementebis mTavari roli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini Sedian fermentebis SemadgenlobaSi da
warmarTaven bioqimiur procesebs ujredSi. mikroelementebis nakleboba iwvevs ara marto mosavlianobis Semcirebas, aramed mcenareTa mravali daavadebis
gamomwvevi da zog SemTxvevaSi kvdomis mizezic xdeba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu niadagSi an atmosferoSi mcenarisaTvis saWiro romelime sakvebi elementis deficitia (arasakmarisi raodenobiTaa an ver axerxebs mcenare mis aTvisebas) mcenare ver ganviTardeba normalurad da sasurveli mosavlis miReba SeuZlebelia.
rodesac erTi romelime elementis deficitia mcenaris kvebiT racionSi, es xels uSlis sxva elementebis
efeqturobas nivTierebaTa cvlaSi. sakveb racionSi
deficituri elementis Setanis SemTxvevaSi balansi
da yvela sxva elementis efeqturobac aRdgeba.
arsebobs mcenareTa gamokvebis ori meTodi—fesvuri da foTlovani. amjerad ganvixilavT foTlovan gamokvebas da mis mniSvnelovan rols Tanamedrove soflis meurneobaSi.kvebiTi elementebis miwodeba foTlis zedapiridan aris sasargeblo Sevseba
mcenareTa gamokvebaSi.
„foTlovani gamokveba“ — esaa sakvebi elementebis
miwodeba foTlebidan da ylortebidan Sefrqvevis
meTodiT. mecnierTa mier dadgenilia, rom mcenaris
ujredi foTlebidan ufro swrafad iTvisebs sakveb elementebs, vidre fesvebidan. foTlovani kvebis
upiratesoba swored sasuqis SeTvisebis siswrafeSia.
foTlovani gamokveba Seucvlelia maSin, rodesac saWiroa dakninebul mcenareTa swrafi reanimacia. aseT
kritikul situaciaSi „saswrafo daxmarebis“ rolSi
gvevlineba swored foTlovani kveba, romelic uzrunvelyofs mcenaris operatiul gadarCenas. foTlovani gamokvebiT aseve SesaZlebelia mcenares SevuvsoT
calkeuli kvebiTi elementebis deficiti. igigansakuTrebiT efeqturia araxelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis dadgomis SemTxvevaSi, roca mcenareul ujredSi nivTierebaTa cvlis procesebi Seferxebulia.
es procesebi Tan axlavs civ da wvimian gazafxuls an
gvalvebs. am dros mcenarisaTvis mxolod foTlovani
kvebiT aris SesaZlebeli aucilebeli sakvebi elementebis miwodeba.foTlovani gamokveba gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens saSemodgomo marcvlovani kulturebis SemTxvevaSi. Semodgomis da gazafxulis periodSi stresuli situaciebis dros (dabali temperatura, Ramis wayinvebi, naleqebis nakleboba da sxva)
praqtikulad SeCerebulia fesvuri kveba. niadagSi
26
sakvebi elementebis optimaluri arsebobis pirobebSic ki fesvTa sistemebiT SeTviseba ver xorcieldeba.
gansakuTrebiT ferxdeba azotis da fosforis SeTviseba. am pirobebSi mcenaris normaluri zrda-ganviTareba sagrZnoblad ferxdeba, rac saboloo jamSi
aisaxeba mosavlianobaze. aseT situaciebSi gamosavali foTlovan gamokvebaSi mdgomareobs.
dRes bazarze arsebuli sasuqebi, Semadgenlobis mixedviT, pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos Semdeg jgufebad:
martivi anu erTkomponentiani — Seicaven erT
sakveb elements. aseTi sasuqebi Seicaven erT konkretul elements: azots, fosfors an kaliums. aseve
arsebobs martivi orkomponentiani sasuqebi, romlebic erT naerTSi Seicaven or sakveb elements. ase
magaliTad, azots da fosfors, kaliums an kalciums
azotTan erTad, fosfors kaliumTan erTad da sxva.
kompleqsuri anu rTuli — romlebic Seicaven
erTdroulad ramdenime komponents, m.S. mikroelementebs.
moxmarebis wesis mixedviT:
wyalSi xsnadi — maTi gamoyeneba xdeba xsnadi formiT, morwyvis sistemiT da foTlovani (arafesvuri)
gamokvebis meTodiT. aseTi Tanamedrove sasuqebi ar
Seicaven uxsnad minarevebs, Tavsebadebia umetes pesticidebTan da SesaZlebelia maTi gamoyeneba erT samuSao xsnarSi;
granulirebuli — niadagSi vegetaciis sxvadasxva periodSi mSrali saxiT SetanisaTvis.
saqarTvelos bazarze ukanasknel periodSi iyideba rogorc importuli, aseve adgilobrivi warmoebis Txevadi sasuqebi, romlebic warmatebiT gamoiyenebian foTlovani gamokvebisaTvis. maTi moxmareba
efeqturia rogorc sasaTbure pirobebSi, aseve Ria
gruntSi. maTi upiratesoba imaSic gamoixateba, rom
isini Tavsebadia bazarze amJamad arsebul ZiriTad
pesticidebTan da erTidaigive danaxarjebiT SesaZlebelia mcenaris gamokvebac da dacvac mavneblebisa da daavadebebisagan. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia
Txevadi sasuqebis gamoyeneba herbicidebTan erT
kombinaciaSi. am dros kulturuli mcenare Tavisufldeba herbiciduli stresisagan da xdeba misi gamokveba dabalansebuli makro da mikroelementebiT.
Cveni kompaniis mier SemoTavazebuli Txevadi sasuqi „agrovita“ saSualebas iZleva gamoyenebuli iyos
nebismieri s/s kulturis gamokvebisaTvis Teslis
damuSavebidan vegetaciis bolomde da aseve niadagis ganoyierebisaTvis SemodgomiT an gazafxulze
miwis damuSavebis dros. sasuqi Tavsebadia bazarze
arsebul sxva tipis sasuqebTan da mcenareTa dacvis
saSualebebTan — herbicidebTan, fungicidebTan da
inseqticidebTan. misi moxmareba erT kombinaciaSi
aumjobesebs sasuqebis da mcenareTa dacvis sxva saSualebebis moqmedebis efeqts.
„agrovita“ warmatebiT gamoiyeneba ekologiurad
sufTa produqciis mwarmoebel meurneobebSi, rogorc ekologiurad usafrTxo preparati.
qristo kaxniaSvili,
biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
Sps „agrovitas“ inovaciuri proeqtebis menejeri
gamoiyeneba yvela saxis mcenareTa gamokvebisaTvis, aseve niadagis ganoyierebisaTvis. Seicavs mcenarisaTvis aucilebel biologiurad aqtiur naerTebs da dabalansebulia mikro- da makroelementebiT. ixsneba wyalSi da Tavsebadia mcenareTa dacvis sxva saSualebebTan da sasuqebTan.
usafrTxoa adamianisa da sxva cocxali organizmebisaTvis.
Semadgenloba:
ba: organuli naerTebis (C)
( ) saerTo Semcveloba > 15%, saerTo azoti
(N)>3.0%,
)>3.0%, fosfori (P)
( ) — 2.3%, kaliumi (K)
( ) — 1.6%, pH
pH-8.5-9.5
-8.5-9.5
Sps „agrovita“,
germanuli kompania BASF
BASF-is
-is
warmomadgenloba
saqarTveloSi
Tbilisi, wereTlis 142
ofisi 15
[email protected]
www.agrovitae.ge
tel/faq
tel
faqsi: 032 2 341 678
mob.: 597 17 07 09
rekomendaciebi moxmarebis Sesaxeb:
1. fesvidan kveba: „agrovitas“ 1,0 % wyalxsnariT;
2. foTlovani kveba: 0,5-1,0 % wyalxsnariT;
3. niadagis ganoyiereba: 4-5 litri heqtarze;
4. CiTilebis, nergebis, bolqvebis Calboba 1,0% wyalxsnarSi;
5. Teslis damuSaveba 1,0% wyalxsnariT.
rekomendebulia vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi 3-4 jeradi gamoyeneba.xels uwyobs mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebas da aZlierebs imunitets.
xilis axali jiSebi saqarTveloSi
vaSli erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi xexilovani kulturaa msoflioSi, misi warmoebis wliuri moculoba 48-50 mln tonas aRwevs (FAO
(FAO-stat,
-stat, 2009). mravalferovania vaSlis jiSuri asortimentic, evropis vaSlis monacemTa bazaSi aRnusxulia 15 000-mde
jiSi da seleqciuri forma, miuxedavad genofondis aseTi mravalferovnebisa, samrewvelo daniSnulebiT gavrceleba hpova mxolod 120-150-ma jiSma. warmoebuli vaSlis 80 %-ze meti sul ramdenime jiSze modis, romelTagan wamyvani golden deliSesi
da red deliSesia. msoflioSi ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi SeiniSneba
vaSlis jiSuri asortimentis mkveTri gadaxalisebis procesi, umetesad axali seleqciuri jiSebis xarjze, rogorebicaa gala, fuji, orini, mucu, valstari da a.S. didia
interesi qarTvel mexile fermerebSic axali jiSebis danergvis mimarTulebiT, gamomdinare aqedan, qvemoT gTavazobT informacias zogierTi Tanamedrove jiSis biologiur-sameurneo Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRwerili jiSebis ZiriTadi
nawili introducirebulia USAID
USAID-is
-is proeqt „AGVANTAGE
„AGVANTAGE”-s
”-s iniciativiT, aRniSnuli
jiSebis sargavi masala xelmisawvdomia S.p.s „kompleqs agros” sanerge meurneobaSi.
misamarTi: qarelis raioni, sofeli bebnisi,
Tbilisi — xaSuris gzatkecilidan 800 metrSi.
telefoni: 599516373; 599 53861; 599 789796.
vaSli (sa
(saZire MM 106, MM 107, M9, M9 (T337),
M9 EMLA, NIC 29
29)
biol/sa
ol sameur
Taviseburebani:
xe saSualo zrdisaa, adre Sedis
msxmoiarobaSi, SedarebiT gamZlea
nacrisa da qecisadmi.
marketinguli
po tencia li:
ZiriTadad gavr celebulia holandiaSi, Sveica ria sa da ger maniaSi.
arle
eti
ti — ARLET
warmoSoba: Sveicariuli jiSia,
miRebulia golden deliSesisa da
aidaredis SejvarebiT.
feri: wiTeli
krefis periodi: seqtembris meore-mesame dekada, inaxeba Teberval-martamde.
nayofi: saSualo zomis, momrgvalo-konusuri, rbilobi, wvniani,
gemo momJavo-motkbo, originaluri aromatiT.
28
kortlandi — CORTLAND
warmoSoba: mekintoSisgan miRebuli amerikuli jiSia.
feri: wiTeli
krefis periodi: seqtembris mesame dekada. inaxeba Tebervalmartamde.
nayofi: msxvili, mobrtyo-momrgvalo formis, motkbo-momJavo
gemosi.
biol
ol/sa
sameur Taviseburebani: xe
saSualo zrdis, adremsxmoiare da
uxvmosavliania.
marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebulia aSS-Si.
fuji (NAGA-FU 12) RED FUJI
warmoSoba: iaponuri jiSia, miRebulia rals janetisa da deliSesis SejvarebiT.
feri: wiTelzoliani.
krefis periodi: oqtombris Sua
ricxvebi, inaxeba maisamde.
nayofi: saSualo an msxvili zomis, momrgvalo formis, mkvrivi
rbilobiT, maRali gemuri TvisebebiT, gamokveTili sitkboTi da
aromatiT.
golden deliSesi —
GOLDEN REINDERS
(kloni reindersi)
gamoyvanilia holandiaSi 1962
wels. golden deliSesis erT erTi
saukeTeso klonia. nayofi mogrZo
biol/sa
ol sameur Taviseburebani:
saSualo Zlieri zrdisa, uxvmsxmoiarea, mgrZnobiarea qecisadmi.
marketinguli potenciali: vaSlis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli jiSia msoflioSi.
varebiT, SedarebiT Zveli klonia.
gala galaqsi — GALA GALAX
es kloni aRmoaCines axal zelandiaSi, hoks biiSi 1985 wels, am jiformisaa, sxva klonebTan SedarebiT naklebad ikeTebs bades.
gala — GALA
geil-gala — GALE GALA
warmoSoba:
axalzelandiuri
jiSia, miRebulia kids oranJ redisa da golden deliSesis jiSisgan. geil-gala am jiSis axali
klonia.
feri: wiTeli
krefis periodi: seqtembris Sua
ricxvebi, inaxeba Tebervlamde.
nayofi: momrgvalo-konusuri,
saSualo zomis (165-170 grami). saukeTeso gemuri TvisebebiT. geilgala intensiuri wiTlad Seferili klonia.
biol/sa
ol sameur
Taviseburebani:
xe saSualo zrdisaa, adre Sedis
msxmoiarobaSi,
uxvmosavliania
(55-80 kg erT xeze), moiTxovs or
vadaSi krefas.
marketinguli potenciali: gala erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli da Zviri jiSia msoflioSi.
gala masti — GALA MAST
es klonic gamoyvanilia axal
zelandiaSi 1962 wels kids oranJ
redisa da golden deliSesis Sejნოემბერი, 2013
aidaredi _ IDARED
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia, miRebulia jonaTanisa da vagneris
SejvarebiT.
feri: wiTeli
Sis erT erT uaxles da saukeTeso
maxasiaTeblebis mqone klonad iTvleba.
golden deliSesi —
GOLDEN GIBSON
(gibsonis kloni)
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia,
gibsonic warmoadgens am jiSis
erT-erT uaxles klons.
feri: yviTeli
krefis periodi: seqtembris bolo — oqtombris dasawyisi, inaxeba
aprilamde.
nayofi: konusuri, saSualo an
msxvili zomisaa. gibsonis kloni
krefis periodi: oqtombris dasawyisi, kargad inaxeba april-maisamde.
nayofi: saSualo an msxvili, mobrtyo-momrgvalo, momJavo-motkbo, kargi gemoTi.
biol
ol/sa
nagala zrdisaa, adre Sedis msxmoiarobaSi, maRalmosavliania.
marketinguli potenciali: saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis metad
perspeqtiulia.
jonamaki — JONAMAC
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. miRebulia jonaTanisa da mekintoSis SejvarebiT.
gamoirCeva naklebi badianobiT da
didi woniT (160 dan 230 gramamde)
biol/sa
ol sameur
Taviseburebani:
xe saSualo zrdisaa, intensiurad
SefoTlili,
maRalmosavliani,
moiTxovs normirebas.
marketinguli potenciali: msoflios wamyvani jiSia.
29
feri: wiTeli
krefis periodi: seqtembris Sua
ricxvebi, inaxeba mart-aprilamde.
nayofi: msxvili, momrgvalo
formis, jonaTanis msgavsi motkbo-momJavo gemoTi.
biol/sa
ol sameur Taviseburebani: xe
saSualo zrdisaa, uxvmsxmoiarea.
ziandeba nacriT.
marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebulia qveynebSi, sadac jonaTania popularuli.
lodi — LODI
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. rusuli jiSis „beli nalivis” klonia.
feri: yviTeli
krefis periodi: ivlisis pirvel
naxevarSi, inaxeba 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
nayofi: msxvili, Txeli da nazi
kaniT da kargi gemoTi.
biol/sa
Zlieri zrdisaa, uxvmsxmoiarea,
naklebad ziandeba nacriT.
marketinguli potenciali: popularulia aSS-Si, rogorc kargi gemuri Tvisebebis sazafxulo
vaSli.
red makintoSi —
RED MACINTOSH
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. mekintoSi intensiuri wiTeli klonia.
feri: wiTeli iisferi.
krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi. inaxeba Tebervlamde.
nayofi: saSualo zomis, kargi
momJavo-motkbo gemoTi.
biol/sa
ol sameur
Taviseburebani:
xe saSualo an Zlieri zrdisaa, maRalmosavliania. ziandeba nacriT.
mucu — MUTSU
(krispini)
warmoSoba: iaponuri jiSia, miRebulia golden deliSesisa da
indos SejvarebiT.
feri: momwvano-moyviTalo.
krefis
s pe
p ri
r odi: oq
qtom
mbr
bris
s Sua
ricxvebi, kargi SenaxvisunarianobiT, inaxeba april-maisamde.
nayofi: msxvili, golden deliSesis msgavsi formis, kargi gemuri TvisebebiT.
biol/sa
Zlieri zrdis da maRalmosavliania. mtveri steriluria.
marketinguli potenciali: xasiaTdeba maRali sabazro moTxovniT
msoflio samomxmareblo bazarze.
saukeTeso gemoTi da aromatiT.
gavrcelebulia aSS-Si. qarTul
bazarze „somxuri goldenis” saxeliTaa cnobili.
orini — ORIN
warmoSoba: iaponuri jiSia. miRebulia golden deliSesisa da
indos SejvarebiT.
gansxvavebuli aromatiT da gamorCeuli tkbili gemoTi.
biol
ol/sa
saSualo zrdisaa da adre Sedis
msxmoiarobaSi.
marketinguli potenciali: SedarebiT axali jiSia, samomxmareblo bazarze ikavebs mucus niSas.
red deliSesi —
RED DELICIOUS
(midnaiT spuri)
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia.
midnaiT spuri oregon spuris wiTeli klonia.
feri: wiTeli.
krefis periodi: seqtembris bolo, inaxeba mart-aprilamde.
nayofi: konusuri formis, msxvili, intensiur wiTlad Seferili.
biol
ol/sa
nagala zrdis, uxvadSefoTlili,
adremsxmoiarea.
marketinguli potenciali: erTerTi wamyvani jiSia msoflioSi.
valstari — VALSTAR
warmoSoba: elstari holandiuri jiSia, miRebulia golden deliSesisa da ingrid maris SejvarebiT. valstari elstaris wiTeli klonia.
feri: wiTeli.
krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi, inaxeba Teberval-martamde.
nayofi: momrgvalo formis, saSualo zomis, gamorCeuli gemuri
TvisebebiT.
feri: momwvano-moyviTalo.
krefis periodi: oqtombris Sua
ricxvebi, inaxeba maisamde.
nayofi: momrgvalo, msxvili,
gamokveTili kanqveSa nacrisferi wertilebiT, rbilobi mkvrivi,
30
biol/sa
saSualo zrdisaa, midrekilia badianobisken.
marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebuli da popularulia belgiasa da holandiaSi.
uelsi — WELLS
warmoSoba: Zveli amerikuli jiSia.
feri: wiTelgverdiani.
krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi, inaxeba dekembramde.
nayofi: mobrtyo, saSualo zomis,
kargi momJavo-motkbo gemoTi.
biol/sa
Zlieri zrdisaa, midrekilia nayofis cvenisadmi.
marketinguli potenciali: gavrcelebulia aSS-Si.
liberti — LIBERTY
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia. qecisadmi imunuria.
feri: wiTelgverdiani.
krefis periodi: seqtembris dasawyisi, inaxeba martamde.
nayofi: saSualo zomis, gemuri Tvisebebi damakmayofilebeli.
moiTxovs or vadaSi krefas.
biol/sa
Zlieri zrdisaa.
marketinguli potenciali: perspeqtiulia, rogorc qecisadmi
imunuri jiSi dasavleT saqarTvelos regionebSi gavrcelebisaTvis.
grani smiti — GRANNY SMITH
warmoSoba: uZvelesi avstraliuri jiSia. warmoSobilia franguli jiSisagan. gamoCnda 1868 wels,
aRmoaCina margaret smitma.
feri: masiurad mwvane.
krefis periodi: oqtombris pirveli naxevari, inaxeba aprilamde.
nayofi: saSualo zomis, xraSuna.
momJavo, wvniani.
biol/sa
Zlieri zrdisaa.
marketinguli potenciali: saqarTvelos bazarze erT-erTi yveindian samer krabi
warmoSoba: amerikuli jiSia,
krabebis (wvrilnayofa vaSli)
rigs miekuTvneba. xasiaTdeba intensiuri da xangrZlivi periodis
yvavilobiT. erT-erTi saukeTeso
damamtverianebelia.
x nadi daa maRaali fasis
laze moTxov
mqone jiSia.
jonagoldi — JONAGOLD
warmoSoba: gamoyvanilia amerikaSi 1943 wels jonaTanisa da golden deliSesis SejvarebiT.
feri: moyviTalo momwvanoa,
mTel zedapirze gasdevs mowiTalo zolebi.
krefis periodi: sagviano jiSia,
mwifdeba seqtembris bolos — oqtombris pirvel dekadaSi, inaxeba
martamde.
nayofi: msxvilia — 180-220 grami, mrgvali formisa da mimzidveli Sexedulebisaa, xasiaTdeba
SesaniSnavi aromatiTa da gemoTi,
rbilobi kremisferi-moyviTaloa,
mkvrivi da wvniania.
biol/sa
ol sameur
Taviseburebani:
malemsxmoiare, Zalian uxvmosavliani jiSia. qecisadmi zomierad
mdgradia.
marketinguli potenciali: erTerTi popularuli jiSia msoflioSi.
winaswari SekveTis SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia, mogawodoT
vaSlis, qliavisa da atmis Semdegi nergebi:
vaSli
pinova — Pinova gold pinki —
Gold Pink
braberni — Braubern qrimson
krispi -Crimson Krisp
red kapi — Red Kap superCifi —
Super Chief
jeromini — Jeromine
qliavi
(saZireebi:
Teslnergi, Ishtara, Mrs 29
29)
stenli — Stanlay
prezidenti — President
anjeleno — Angeleno
empresi — Empress
friari — Friar
emerald biuti — Emerald Beaut
simka — Simca
santa roza — Santa Rosa
satsuma — Satsuma
atami
saturni — Saturn
red goldi — Red Gold
(neqtarini)
veterani — Veteran
redheveni — RED Heven
erli redheveni —
Early RED Heven
svit skarleti — Sweet Scarlet
31
აგრო წესებ ი
აგროწესები
marwyvis warmoebis saxelmZRvanelo
gagrZeleba. dasaw. me-8-9 nomerSi.
nawili IV
marwyvis warmoeba
daxurul gruntze
mravali mwarmoeblis mizania
marwyvis mosavlis ufro adre aReba an zamTris ganmavlobaSi warmoeba. am periodebSi sabazro fasebi,
rogorc wesi, Zalian maRalia. imisaTvis, rom adreul gazafxulze
Sida qarTlSi iyos mwife marwyvi
an zamTris ganmavlobaSi samegrelos regionSi, aucilebeli iqneba
garkveuli saxis damcavi struqturis an safaris mowyoba marwyvis nargavebisTvis. es, rogorc
wesi, moicavs marwyvis moyvanas
polieTileniT dafaruli dabali
gvirabebis qveS an maRali gvirabebis qveS. garda amisa, aseT periodSi warmoebisas saWiroa saadreo
jiSebis aqtiurad mzardi nargavebis gamoyeneba.
suraTi 28. marwyvis nargavebi Semofarglul maRal gvirabSi zamTarSi (marcxniv) da naxevrad Ria maRal gvirabSi gazafxulze (marjvniv).
naxvarwred rigis Tavze (suraTi
27). temperaturis cvlilebisTvis
SesaZlebelia gverdebis da zeda
nawilis gaxsna.
maRali gvirabebi
maRali gvirabebi — esaa ZiriTadad saTburebi, romlebic ar Tbeba da dafarulia gamWvirvale erTfeniani 6 mil (0.15 mm) polieTilenis feniT da damagrebulia lidabali gvirabebi
dabali gvirabebi ZiriTadad Tonis CarCos salteebiT (suraTi
esaa mini-saTburebi, romlebic ar 28). maRali gvirabebi uzrunvelTbeba da faravs marwyvis calke- yofs garemos kontrolis saSuaul rigebs. isini dafarulia gam- lo dones Ria gruntSi warmoebisa
Wvirvale polieTilenis feniT, da gaTbobis sistemis mqone saTromelic damagrebulia msxvil burebs Soris. isini uzrunvelmavTulebze, romlebic moxrilia yofs ukeTesi temperaturis da
g remos kontrols
ga
d bal gvirabebTan
da
S darebiT. arsebobs
Se
mravali stilis maR li gvirabebi, magRa
r
ram
yvela maTgani
S mnilia erT konSeq
struqciaSi marwyv
vis
ramdenime rigis
m sacavad. gverdebi
mo
d boloebi SeiZleba
da
aikecos an gaixsnas
v tilaciis mizniT
ven
S darebiT Tbil TveSe
e Si.
eb
suraTi 27. marwyvis warmoeba dabali gvirabebis qveS.
32
irigacia
saqarTveloSi warmoebuli marwyvisaTvis saWiroa morwyvis damatebiTi wyaro. wvimis moculoba
da ganawileba sazogadod ar aris
sakmarisi marwyvis nargavis optimaluri zrdisTvis. xangrZlivi
mSrali periodebi nayofis ganviTarebisas gamoiwvevs mcire da xSirad uformo nayofis miRebas. irigacia xels uwyobs nargavis ufro
erTgvarovan zrdas, iZleva Txevadi sasuqis gamoyenebis (fertigation),rig SemTxvevebSi ki yinvisgan
dacvis SesaZleblobas. marwyvisTvis Sesaferisi wylis miwodebis
ori meTodia — wveTovani irigacia
da sprinkleriT irigacia. Tumca,
wveTovani irigacia gacilebiT sasurvelia (suraTi 29). misi upiratesobebi moicavs wylis da energiis moxmarebis dabal maCvenebels,
tenianobis erTgvarovani donis
SenarCunebas da nayofis sidamplis
gaZlierebas. susti mxareebi moicavs sufTa wylis wyaros saWiroebas, periodulad Secvlis saWiroebas da mRrRnelebis mier sarwyavi
xazebis SesaZlo dazianebas. zemodan sprinkleriT irigacia ar aris
rekomendebuli marwyvis warmoebisas, vinaidan amiT SeiZleba gaZlierdes foTlebis daavadebis da
nayofis sidamplis maCvenebeli.
აგროწეს ები
sura
s
r Ti 29.
29 wve
w Tovani
n sar
s rw
wyavi mi
m lebis
b s er
rTi xa
x zi,
z ro
r me
m lic mo
m Tavse
s bu
b lia kvlis centrSi, rwyavs marwyvis 2 rigs.
temperatura, fardobiTi tenianoba, mzis Suqis raodenoba, qari,
atmosferuli naleqi da nargavis
zoma da mdgomareoba gavlenas axdens morwyvis saWiroebasa da sixSireze. nargavebi unda moirwyas
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi niadagis kvlebSi tenianobis SesanarCuneblad. saWiroa wylis sakmarisi
moculobis gamoyeneba, raTa niadagis zeda 20 sm polieTilenis
mulCis an Calis qveS SenarCundes
notiod 25 sm-zewveTovani sarwyavi xazis orive mxares.
niadagis tenianobis
Sefaseba
niadagis tenianobis Sesafaseblad da morwyvis drois gansazRvrisTvis xSirad kargi meTodia niadagis muWSi damrgvaleba.niadagis
nimuSi unda aiRoT 15 sm siRrmeze.
sac saWiroa morwyvis dawyeba. Tu
aRebuli niadagi ikvreba burTad,
es niSnavs, rom niadagis tenianoba sakmarisia da morwyva ar aris
aucilebeli (suraTi 30).
morwyvis dro da sarwyavi
wylis moculobis gansazRvrac
SeiZleba niadagis tensiometris
gamoyenebiT (naxati 31). es mcire
tenianobis sazomi zondebi unda
Caidgas niadagSi ise, rom wverma
CaaRwios 15 sm siRrmeze. rodesac
niadagis tenianoba 15 sm siRrmeze
da daaxloebiT 10 sm-ze wveTovani sarwyavi milebis gverdiT ecema nakveTis tentevadobis 40%-ze
dabla, es niSnavs, rom morwyvis
dawyebis droa. tentevadobis
100%-ze an am donesTan axlos dasabruneblad saWiroa sakmarisi
raodenobiT wyliT morwyva. es
Seesabameba tensiometris daaxloebiT 5 sentibars. Tu maCvenebeli ufro dabalia, es niSnavs,
rom Zalian bevri wyalia dasxmuli. tensiometri — qviSian-lamovan niadagebSi sakmaod swrafad
reagirebs niadagis tenianobis
cvlilebaze da maTze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba morwyvis Sewyvetis
drois gansazRvra.
wylis xarisxi
sura
s
r Ti 30.
30 ro
r desac
s ni
n adagi sak
s ma
m rir
sad teniania, ikvreba burTi, romelic
SekumSviT ar iSleba.
rodesac niadagis am siRrmidan
aRebuli niadagi ar Seikvreba myar
burTad, muWSi SekumSvisas tenianoba dacemulia im doneze, rodeნოემბერი, 2013
saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi marwyvis
mosarwyavad gamoyenebuli wylis
gamtaroba ar unda iyos (ECw) 0.6
ds/m-ze maRali. marwyvis morwyvisas wyliT, romlis ECw 0.9 ds/
m-ia, rogorc wesi, mosavlianoba
Semcirdeba 10%-iT. SedarebiT maRali marilianobis mqone sarwyavi
wylis SemTxvevaSi mosavlianobis
Semcirebis maCvenebeli kidev ufro maRali iqneba.
marwyvisTvis dasaSvebia marilianoba mxolod 1.2 ds/m-mde (ECe).
mosavali mcirdeba daaxloebiT
10%-iT, rodesac niadagis marilianoba Seadgens 1.3 ds/m-s, 25%-iT
1.8 ds/m-is, xolo 50%-iT iseTi niadagis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac ECe
2.3 ds/m-s Seadgens. rogorc wesi,
marwyvi iRupeba, rodesac niadagis ECe aRemateba 3.0 ds/m-s. rodesac niadagis ECe aRemateba 1.2
ds/m-s, saWiroa moxdes marwyvis
fesvTa sistemis sivrcidan (mag.
zeda 20 sm) safuZvlianad gamomarileba wvimiT an dabali marilianobis mqone sarwyavi wyliT (≤ 0.6
sd/m ECw).
suraTi 31. tensiometri niadagis
tenianobis gasazomad.
sasuqebis Warbi odenobis gamoyenebis Sedegad droTa ganmavlobaSi
narCeni sasuqi marilebisgan niadagis arasakmarisi gamomarilebis Sedegad niadagSi SeiZleba swrafad
dagrovdes xsnadi marilis maRali
done. marilianobis kontrolisTvis wveTovani sarwyavis pirobebSi, rogorc wesi, saWiroa niadagis
gamomarileba wvimiT an dawvimebis
sarwyavi sistemiT.
marilis toqsikuroba iwvevs
marwyvis foTlebis mtvrevas da
fesvebis gayavisfrebas da daRupvas. marilis dagroveba damTrgunvelad moqmedebs nargavebis siZaxali agraruli saqarTvelo
33
აგრო წესებ ი
liereze da aferxebs zrdas.
niadagis Warbi marilianobis
damaxasiaTebeli
simptomia
foTlis kidis msubuqi an mwvave nekrozi. SedarebiT asakovani, SedarebiT Camoyalibebuli
nargavebi, romlebsac fesvTa
sistema Rrmad aqvT ganviTarebuli, rogorc wesi, ufro ukeT
itanen marilis maRal dones.
niadagis Warbi marilianoba SeiZleba saqarTveloSi marwyvis
warmoebisTvis mniSvnelovan
dabrkolebas warmoadgendes.
wveTovani irigacia
sura
s
r Ti 32.
32 wve
w Tovani
n sar
s rw
wyavi sis
s stema
m marm r
wyvis patara nakveTisTvis, romelic TviTdinebiT awvdis wyals.
wveTovani sarwyavi sistemis saxeoba, romelic yvelaze metad Sesabamisia marwyvis
warmoebisTvis saqarTveloSi
— esaa wneviT kompensirebu-
li drekadi milebi (anu T-tape)
mTian adgilebSi gamoyenebisaTvis da wneviT kompensirebis gareSe drekadi milebi swori farTobebisaTvis. am tipis
milebidan wyali Jonavs mTel
sigrZeze. milebSi sawveTurebs
Soris distancia unda Seadgendes 30 sm-s da saaTSi unda gamodiodes 2-4 litramde wyali.
saqaCis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi wylis miwodeba SesaZlebelia sairigacio milebis wyalmomaragebis avzis SemaRlebul
adgilze dadgmiT da wylis
TviTdinebiT miwodebiT (suraTi 32). yvela wveTovani sarwyavi sistemisTvis saWiroa kargi
wylis filtri, wylis wyaros
miuxedavad,aseve — wnevis maregulirebeli.
მეც ნიე რე ბ ა
მეცნიერება
aWaris istoriaSi pirvelad rva qalbatons
agrarul mecnierebebSi akademiuri
doqtoris wodebebi mieniWa
qveynis prioritetebs Soris agrarul dargs erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. samwuxarod, dargi agronomiuli ganaTlebis profesional specialistTa naklebobas ganicdis. maT mimarT
ki bazarze moTxovnileba dRiTidRe izrdeba. amitomac agrarul
ganaTlebas, maRalkvalificiuri specialistebis momzadebas, romlebsac sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis Tanamedrove mowinave teqnologiebiT warmoebis, ekologiurad sufTa sakvebi produqciis
miReba-realizaciis da agraruli dargis marTvis saqmeSi farTo
Teoriuli da praqtikuli codna eqnebaT, dRes gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
2008-2009 saswavlo wels SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris, profesor
alioSa bakuriZis didi ZalisxmeviTa da xelSewyobiT fakultetze akademiuri umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli (bakalavriati), meore
(samagistro) da mesame (sadoqtoro) saganmanaTleblo programebi
SemuSavda, sadac fakultetebze
specialobebis mixedviT Cairicxnen doqtorantebi; agraruli teqnologiebisa da agroekologiis
fkultetze ocamde abiturientma
gaagrZela swavla.
34
reqtoris brZanebiT TiToeul
dacvaze cametkaciani specializebuli sadisertacio komisiebi
Seiqmna, romelSic Sevidnen qveynis sxvadasxva umaRlesi saswavleblebisa da samecniero kvleviTi institutebis gamoCenili
mecnierebi da wamyvani specialistebi, romlis komisiis Tavmjdomareebad dainiSnen da sxdomebs uZRvebodnen saqarTvelos
soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa
akademiis prezidenti, akademikosi guram aleqsiZe; saqarTvelos
akademiis mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganyofilebis gamge, akademikosi elguja SafaqiZe; saqarTvelos erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti, sruli profesori
vano papuniZe; saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi jemal kacitaZe; aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis soflis meurneobis ministri,
teqnikis akademiuri doqtori,
sruli profesori zaur futkaraZe; saqarTvelos ekologiis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi,
sruli profesori oTar SainiZe
da am werilis avtori.
sadisertacio sabWos sxdomebze warmodgenili naSromebi Tavisi aqtualobiT, mecnieruli siaxliT, praqtikuli mniSvnelobiTa
da sakvlevi Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebuli Sromebis SinaarsiT imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom TiToeul maTganze cal-calke minda
SevCerde.
მეცნი ერება
ontTa roli, amitomac winamdebare sadisertacio Temas didi
praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs, rac
didad daexmareba studentebs algologiis, protistologiis, botanikis da mcenareTa ekologiis
saleqcio kursis SeswavlaSi.
sadisertacio sabWos gadawyvetilebiT giuli beriZes soflis
meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris
wodeba mieniWa.
giuli beriZe: Tema — „aWarisa
da arTvinis vilaieTis subtropikuli zonis agrocenozTa algofloris sistematika da ekologiuri aspeqti“.
wyalmcenareebs bunebaSi da saxalxo meurneobaSi udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. mTel rig sasicocxlo procesebSi isini aqtiurad
monawileoben; gamoiyeneba adamianis, uxerxemlo da xerxemliani
cxovelebis sakvebad, biologiur
kvlevebSi, qimiur da msubuq mrewvelobaSi, medicinaSi, kosmosur
teqnologiebSi da sxva. wyalmcenareebs sasikeTo mniSvnelobis
garda, garkveuli naklovanebebic axasiaTebs. cnobilia saxeobaTa garkveuli jgufi, romelTa
masobrivi gamravleba calkeuli
hidroekosistemebis dabinZurebas iwvevs, xolo zogierTi mcenareuli da cxoveluri organizmebis daavadebas-toqsikacias. es
exeba aWarasac. amitomac kvlevis
obieqts warmoadgens aWarisa da
arTvinis subtropikuli zonis agrocenozTa ekosistemebi (wyali,
niadagi, mcenare) da maTi algoflora. doqtorantma pirvelad
Caatara aWarisa da arTvinis subtropikuli zonis agroekosistemebis algofloris Seswavla.
gamovlenilia wyalmcenareTa 521
saxeoba da 16 saxesxvaoba (forma).
dazustebulia TiToeuli agroekosistemisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, dominanti da iSviaTi saxeobebi, wyalmcenareTa sezonuroba.
gamovlenil saxeobebs Soris aWaris algoflorisaTvis 78 saxeoba
axalia, saqarTvelos algoflorisaTvis — 17 saxeoba, xolo 10 saxeoba SP-iT aRiniSna.
saqarTvelos masStabiT pirveladaa Seswavlili konsorciumis
CamoyalibebaSi monawile mikobiნოემბერი, 2013
miranda weroZe:
Ze: Tema — „fi
fitofagi mwerebis ekologiuri Taviseburebani da maTi paTogeni sokoebi aWaris subtropikul zonaSi”.
mcenareTa srulyofili zrda da
ekologiurad sufTa mosavlis miReba mraval ekologiur faqtorzea damokidebuli. magaliTad,
pesticidebi mavneblebTan erTad
spobs sasargeblo organizmebsac, arRvevs bunebaSi arsebul
wonasworobas, es ki, Tavis mxriv,
„aavadebs” garemos. yovelive aman
mavnebel-daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg
brZolis, mavne biocidebisa da
pesticidebis alternatiuli nivTierebebiT an meTodebiT Canacvlebis moTxovnileba warmoSva.
doqtorantma daazusta amerikuli TeTri peplis ekologia, Seadgina fenologiuri kalendari
da regioni mavneblis gavrcelebis kerebis mixedviT dayo. aWaris pirobebSi pirvelad dadginda savegetacio periodSi wlebis
mixedviT mavneblis ricxovnobis
cvalebadobis cikli. Seiswavla
amerikuli TeTri peplis bunebrivi mtrebi da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi.
doqtorantis mier dazustda
amerikuli TeTri peplis ekologia, Sedgenilia fenologiuri kalendari da moxda regionis dayo-
fa mavneblis gavrcelebis kerebis
mixedviT. pirvelad aWaris pirobebSi dadginda mavneblis ricxobriobis cvalebadobis cikli dinamikaSi, savegetacio periodSi da
wlebis mixedviT. Seswavlili iqna
amerikuli TeTri peplis bunebrivi mtrebi da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobani mavneblis ricxovnobis regulirebaSi.
naSromSi mocemul masalebs aqvs
rogorc Teoriuli, aseve praqtikuli mniSvneloba, radganac
amerikuli TeTri peplis gavrcelebis zonebis, fenologiuri
vadebis, misi bunebrivi mtrebis
Seswavlis safuZvelze iolia maTi SesaZlo gavrcelebis prognozireba, gamovlenili kerebis monitoringi da sxv. rac mcenareTa
dacvis specialistebs da fermerebs saSualebas miscems sworad
da droulad dagegmon mavneblis
winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqturi
RonisZiebebi.
sadisertacio sabWom miranda
weroZes mianiWa soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba.
mziuri gabaiZe
Ze:: Tema — „xorblis nacris gamomwvevi paTogenis
virulenturi struqtura saqarTveloSi“
xorblis genofondis SenarCunebas, mosavlianobis amaRlebas,
produqciis xarisxis gaumjobesebas da racionalur gamoyenebas
CvenTvisac didi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs.
amas sxvadasxva mavne organizmebTan erTad xels uSlis sokovani
daavadebebi. maT Soris nacari, misi
gamomwvevi organizmebi epifitotiurad vrceldeba. saqarTveloSi
am mimarTulebiT kvlevebi ar Catarebula, ar Seswavlila xorblis
35
მეც ნიერებ ა
qarTul jiSebze da qarTul endemur saxeobebze gavrcelebuli nacris gamomwvevi sokos virulenturi
struqtura da daavadebis mimarT
gamZle genebis Semcveli jiSebi.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tema aqtualuria da rogorc Teoriuli, aseve
praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
pirvelad saqarTveloSi molekuluri biologiis meTodebis
gamoyenebiT dadginda xorblis
nacris gamomwvevi sokos lumeria
(Erysiphe) graminis DC. f.sp. tritici
March-is Sidasaxeobrivi mravalferovneba.
miRebuli Sedegebi amdidrebs
nacris gamomwvevi sokos biologiis, ekologiis da genetikis Sesaxeb codnas, rac studentebs mcenareTa dacvis, fitopaTologiis,
genetikisa da seleqciis saleqcio kursis safuZvlian SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovnad daexmareba, amitom qalbaton mziuri
gabaiZes
soflis meurneobis akademiuri
doqtoris wodeba mieniWa.
miranda gorgilaZe:
Ze: Tema —
„forToxlis wvenis naturalobis
maxasiaTebeli parametrebis dadgena da maTi gansazRvris meTodikebis SemuSaveba“
citrusovanTa wvenebis xarisxis Sefasebisas, mis naturalobis
dadgenas da falsificirebuli
produqtisgan Tavis dacvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.
falsifikaciis Sedegad, erTis
mxriv, irRveva wvenebis warmoebis
teqnologia, rac saxelmwifo qonebis dataceba da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulia. meores mxriv, citrusovanTa wvenebis falsifikacia
SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos wvenSi adamianis organizmisaTvis mavne
nivTierebebis SeyvanasTan.
kvlevis siaxle, specifikuroba
da originaloba ganpirobebulia
36
imiT, rom fizikur-qimiuri maCveneblebis Seswavlis safuZvelze
doqtorantis mier pirvelad SemoTavazebulia forToxlis wvenebis naturalobis maxasiaTebeli
mecnierulad dasabuTebuli parametrebi.
samuSao miekuTvneba kvlevebs,
romlis Sedegebis gamoyeneba SeuZlia sasaqonlo eqspertizis
biuroebs, soflis meurneobis,
ekonomikis da ganaTlebis saministroebs, sursaTis eqspertizis,
sasamarTlo da kriminalistikur
laboratoriebs.
miranda gorgilaZes mieniWa
soflis meurneobis akademiuri
doqtoris wodeba.
lamziri gorgilaZe
Ze:: Tema —
„xorblis silaqaveebis gamomwvevTa populaciebis saxeobrivi da
Sidasaxeobrivi struqtura saqarTveloSi da seleqciisaTvis sawyisi masalis SerCeva“.
naTela dumbaZe
Ze:: Tema — „Cais
plantaciebis mZimed gasxvlis samanqano teqnologiisa da teqnikuri saSualebebis damuSaveba mcire
energetikis bazaze“.
rogorc cnobilia, qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaSi xorbals didi mniSvneloba
aqvs miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo xorblis pirveladi warmoSobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi centria.
xorblis warmoebis intensiuri
teqnologiebis danergvam fitosanitariuli mdgomareobis arsebiTi
cvlilebebi gamoiwvia. gaZlierda
naTesebis dazianeba iseTi daavadebebiT, romlebsac adre ekonomikuri mniSvneloba ar hqonda. Temis
mecnieruli siaxlea is, rom saqarTveloSi pirvelad Seiswavla sxvadasxva agroekologiur-klimatur
zonaSi xorblis silaqaveebis gamomwvevebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba, dadginda xorblis yviTeli
silaqavis gamomwvevi sokos simptomebi da biologia da sxv.
lamziri gorgilaZes am kvlevisaTvis soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa.
Cais plantaciebisaTvis samrewvelo saxis dabrunebis mizniT
aucilebelia
sareabilitacio
samuSaoebis Catareba, degradirebuli da aRdgenisaTvis ekonomikurad gaumarTlebeli plantaciis amoZirkva. gadazrdili da
degradirebuli Cais plantaciebis reabilitaciis da amoZirkvis
teqnologiuri cikli mZimed gasxvlis teqnologiuri operaciis
Catarebas iTvaliswinebs.
sadisertacio naSromi swored
aRniSnuli problemebis gadawyvetas eZRvneba. damuSavebulia
sareabilitacio sasxlavi modulis konstruqcia da muSa organoebis sainJinro gaangariSebis
meTodika.
naTela dumbaZes teqnikis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa.
firuza varSaniZe
Ze:: Tema — „ferdobebze Txilis mosavlis krefa
mcire meqanizaciis teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT“.
msoflio bazarze Txilis kulturaze moTxovna izrdeba, ramac
saqarTvelos subtropikul zonaSi Txilis kulturis warmoebis
gafarToebas Seuwyo xeli.
sadisertacio naSromSi dasabuTebulia ferdobebze da traqtormiuwvdomel
farTobebze,
Txilis sakref xelis agregatebSi
yvelaze ufro racionaluri pnevmosatransporto sistemebis gaნოემბერი, 2013
მეცნი ერება
moyenebis aucilebloba; damuSavebulia racionaluri da teqnologiuri parametrebis gaangariSebis
meTodika; agregatis pnevmosatransporto sistemis principuli
sqema.
am SromisaTvis firuza varSaniZes teqnikis mecnierebaTa akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mieniWa.
cisana cecxlaZe:
Ze: Tema — “qeris
nacris gamomwvevis lumeria graminis DS. f.sp.Hordei Marchal Sidasaxeobrivi diferenciacia saqarTveloSi”
qeri, mravalmxrivi gamoyenebis
gamo, metad mniSvnelovani marcvlovani kulturaa. qeris mosavlianobaze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens qeris nacari, romelic mavne-
obis mxriv erT-erTi gamorCeuli
da farTod gavrcelebuli daavadebaa msoflioSi.
pirvelad dadginda nacris gamomwvevi sokos — Blumeria graminis
DS. f.sp.Hordei Marchal gavrcelebis areali, ganisazRvra virulentobis maxasiaTeblebis procentuli raodenoba populaciaSi
(polimorfoba, heterogenulobis
xarisxi, saSualo virulentoba).
cisana cecxlaZes sadisertacio
sabWom warmodgenili naSromisTvis soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtoris wodeba mianiWa.
xazgasmiT minda aRvniSno universitetis magistraturis, re-
zidenturisa da doqtoranturis
marTvis samsaxuris ufrosis, profesor xaTuna diasamiZisa da misi
moadgilis, profesor aleqsandre gaTenaZis dauRalavi muSaoba,
aseve reqtoris moadgilis samecniero dargSi, sruli profesoris
naTia wiklaSvilis saqmisadmi maRalprofesiuli damokidebuleba, doqtorantebisadmi didi yuradReba da mxardaWera.
disertaciebis dacva wlis bolomde gagrZeldeba, sadac momzadebulia xuTamde naSromi: agroteqnikis, mcenareTa dacvis,
agroekologiisa da satyeo saqmis
mimarTulebiT.
imedia, adgilobrivi xelisufleba da aWaris soflis meurneobis saministro, TviT ministri,
profesori zaur futkaraZe, romelic aqtiurad iyo CarTuli sadisertacio naSromebis ganxilvasa da disertaciebis dacvebSi, gaiTvaliswineben axali akademiuri
doqtori qalbatonebis dasaqmebis sakiTxs agrarul seqtorSi.
rezo jabniZe,
bsu-s teqnologiuri fakultetis
sadisertacio sabWos
Tavmjdomare, soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa doqtori,
sruli profesori,
a (a)ip aWaris agroserviscentris
konsultanti.
გვა ლვა
გვალვა
kvleva, romelic 2014 wels gamoqveyndeba
uaxloes aTwleulSi, klimaturi cvlilebebis
Sedegad, dedamiwaze adamianis cxovreba mniSvnelovnad gauaresdeba, — amis Sesaxeb klimatis cvalebadobis saxelmwifoTaSoriso eqspertebis angariSSia naTqvami, romelic 2014 wels unda gamoqveyndes, Tumca mis gamoqveynebamde angariSi amerikeli JurnalistebisTvis gaxda xelmisawvdomi.
angariSSi naTqvamia, rom 21-e saukuneSi klimaturi
pirobebis uaryofiTi cvlileba, romelic globalur daTbobas ukavSirdeba, ekonomikuri zrdis tempis Semcirebasa da siRaribis zrdas Seuwyobs xels.
garkveuli drois Semdeg mTel rig regionebSi haeris maRali temperatura xels SeuSlis adamians nebismier saqmianobaSi.
amavdroulad gaizrdeba wyaldidobebis, tyeSi
xanZrebis, epidemiebis raodenoba, momravldeba iseT
adamianTa raodenoba, romlebic SimSiloben. yvelaze
metad es aisaxeba iseT Rarib qveynebsa da regionebze, romlebic globaluri daTbobis problemebTan
gamklavebas damoukideblad ver axerxeben. gvalveნოემბერი, 2013
bi kolafsamde miiyvans da mniSvnelovan problemebs
Seuqmnis infraqtruqturas.
sacxovrebeli pirobebis gauareseba, rogorc mecnierebi irwmunebian, gamoiwvevs samxedro konfliqtebs, aseve brZola daiwyeba mtknari wylisTvis.
kvlevis saboloo varianti 2014 wlis martSi unda
gamoqveyndes, Tumca manamde masSi cvlilebebs samecniero-kvleviTi organizaciebis eqspertebi Seitanen.
37
მეც ნიე რი ს ა
მეცნიერის
აზრი
ზრ ი
kooperativebi Sps-bad
ar unda gadaiqces
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba udavod
saetapo mniSvnelobis movlenad unda CaiTvalos. aman
dasabami unda misces qveynis ekonomikis mniSvnelovani dargebis axlebur, racionalur organizaciul
mowyobas, rac pirdapir aisaxeba mosaxleobis ekonomikur da socialur mdgomareobaze. miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba uyuradRebod davtovoT is sakiTxebi,
romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba negatiurad
aisaxos am umniSvnelovanes procesze. kerZod, unda
Seiqmnas Sesabamisi normatiuli baza, riTac daregulirdeba kooperativis Sida sawarmoo urTierTobaTa
ZiriTadi wesebi. es aris umniSvnelovanesi komponenti, romlis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia kooperativma
misi ZiriTadi arsi SeinarCunos (rac mas diametralurad ganasxvavebs mogebaze orientirebuli sxva
organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebidan). amasTan,
kooperativis daarsebis mizanSewonilobis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi faqtori unda iyos ara sapaio fondSi Setanili fuladi da sxva saxis qonebrivi saxsrebi,
aramed misi wevrebis Sromis kapitalizacia. swored
am ori komponentis — SromiTis da materialuris —
racionaluri SerwymiT miiRweva maRali ekonomikuri
efeqtianobis, socialur solidarobaze da samarTlianobaze dafuZnebuli sistemis formireba, romelic dasavluri demokratiis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
monapovrad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
evropul qveynebSi kooperativebis ganviTarebis
170-wliani gamocdileba Cvens qveyanaSi kooperaciuli moZraobis sworad warmarTvisaTvis mdidar masalas iZleva. am gamocdilebidan yvelaze niSandoblivia is, rom am mimarTulebiT ganviTarebuli yvela
warmatebuli qveyana Sesabamis normatiul-sakanonmdeblo bazas qmnis, sadac iseTi elementebis SemotaniT, rogoricaa: sapaio Senatani, damatebiTi pai, kooperaciuli Semosavlebi, kooperativis asocirebuli
wevri da sxva, axdenen kooperativebis Sidasawarmoo
urTierTobebis regulirebas uSualod sakanonmdeblo doneze im mTavari mizniT, rom am urTierTobebSi
ganmsazRvreli iyos SromiTi resursis faqtori da
masze materialurma kapitalma sapaio Senatanebis saxiT dominanturi zegavlena ar moaxdinos.
38
saqarTvelos msgavsad, zogierT qveyanaSi arsebobs gansxvavebuli praqtikac: sakanonmdeblo doneze xdeba kanonis miReba sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis Sesaxeb gamartivebuli wesiT, romelic ar
axdens kooperativebis Sidasawarmoo urTierTobebis regulirebas, magram am SemTxvevaSi es sakiTxi
qveynis mTavrobis an Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebis
normatiuli aqtebiT regulirdeba, rac umetes SemTxvevaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis tipuri wesdebis miReba-damtkicebiT xdeba.
miuxedavad zemoTTqmulisa, orive SemTxvevaSi yvela qveynis kanoni sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis
(kooperativebis) Sesaxeb Seicavs punqtebs, romlebic ZiriTadi da saerToa yvelasTvis. magaliTad:
— kooperativis wevrTa pai yalibdeba aucilebeli da damatebiTi sapaio SenatanebiT. kooperativis wevris aucilebeli sapaio Senatanis moculoba
ganisazRvreba Tanabrad an kooperativis sameurneo
saqmianobaSi misi monawileobis proporciulad. damatebiTi pais Setanis wesi kooperativis wesdebiT
ganisazRvreba.
— kooperativis wevrs SeuZlia ganaxorcielos damatebiTi sapaio Senatani mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca mis mier aucilebeli sapaio Senatani srulad daifareba.
— damatebiTi sapaio Senatani kooperativis wevrs
uflebas aZlevs miiRos dividendi.
— dividendebis gacemis Semdeg darCenili Semosavlebi kooperativis wevrebze kooperativis sameurneo saqmianobaSi maTi monawileobis proporciulad
nawildeba.
— am Semosavlebidan avtomaturad xdeba aucilebeli sapaio Senatanis gadauxdeli nawilis dafarva da
sxva.
msoflio gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom aseTi regulaciebis gareSe kooperativebi ver uzrunvelyofen
yvelaze mTavars — iyvnen orientirebuli SromiTi
resursis kapitalizaciaze da maqsimalur ukugebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni „sasoflo-sameurneo
kooperativebis Sesaxeb” maleve gadaiqceva kanonad
„sasoflo-sameurneo Sps-bis Sesaxeb”, radgan „kooperativebisagan”, rogorc organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formisagan, mxolod saxeli darCeba da
მეცნიე რი ს აზრ
მეცნიერის
აზრი
ი
isini faqtobrivad Sps-bad gadaiqcevian. es procesi
kidev ufro gaaRrmavebs sazogadoebaSi isedac Sors
wasul socialur polarizacias da veranairad ver
uzrunvelyofs im mTavari miznis ganxorcielebas,
risTvisac sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanoni Seiqmna (soflis mosaxleobis samewarmeo gaaqtiureba, socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna da Sromisunariani mosaxleobis migraciis SeCereba da sxv.).
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom
ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebis msgavsad,
sawyis etapze swored qarTulma saxelmwifom unda
aiRos pasuxismgebloba da ikisros am uaRresad mniSvnelovani procesis ZiriTadi makoordinirebeli,
maorganizebeli da xelSemwyobi funqcia.
yanaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis ganviTareba
gaxdeba ekonomikuri reformis mniSvnelovani nawili, romelic did wvlils Seitans soflis mosaxleobis masobrivi dasaqmebis, maTi Semosavlebis mkveTri
zrdis, agraruli Sromis avtoritetis amaRlebisa
da soflis kompleqsuri da daCqarebuli ganviTarebis erovnul saqmeSi.
paata koRuaSvili,
ekonomikis mecnierebis doqtori, profesori
daskvnis magier:
saxelmwifo regulirebis sistemaSi axali socialur-ekonomikuri meqanizmebis Setana saSualebas
iZleva institucionaluri safuZvlebis SeqmnisTvis, rac Tavis mxriv qmnis ekonomikur pirobebs im
winaaRmdegobaTa gadalaxvisaTvis, rac mravalferovani sawarmoo-ekonomikuri da safinanso urTierTobebis gafarToebul sistemebze agraruli seqtoris transformacias aferxebs.
ramdenadac saqme exeba ekonomikuri efeqtianobis
amaRlebas soflis meurneobis dargebis organizaciuli mowyobis cvlilebaTa safuZvelze, Cvens qve-
დისკუსია
sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebi
gamowvevebi, molodinebi da saerTaSoriso praqtika
saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba axali gamowvevis winaSea da misi
ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad iqneba damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad adeqvaturi iqneba qveyanaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Sesaxeb kanonis safuZvelze fermerebis, wvrili glexuri meurneobebis praqtikuli reagireba.
Tanamedrove kacobrioba soflis
meurneobis kooperaciis mraval
formas icnobs, Tumca yvela maTgani kooperativebis saxecvlilebaa.
magaliTad, igive klasteruli meurneobebi anda israelSi sruliad
memarcxene ideologiis mqone e.w. kibucebi — sasoflo-sameurneo komunebi meurneobis saerTo sakuTrebas,
Sromasa da moxmarebis Tanasworobis
principebs iTvaliswinebs. Tumca,
unda iTqvas, rom ukve kibucebis ideologiuri siZvele SeiniSneba da kibucis wevri axalgazrda fermerebi
komunebisgan gamoyofas da kuTvnili miwis sakuTari miznebisTvis gaნოემბერი, 2013
moyenebas gegmaven. saqarTveloSi ki
am kanonis safuZvelze saxelmwifos
mier sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba, soflis
meurneobis produqciis warmoebis
ganviTareba da misi konkurentunarianobis amaRleba igegmeba.
axali kanoni adgens sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis, rogorc
iuridiuli piris statusis mopovebisa da saqmianobis xelSemwyob
normebs, gansazRvravs saqmianobis
demokratiul principebs, nebayoflobiTobas da sasoflo-sameurneo
kooperativebis monitoringis sakiTxebs.
mcire fermeruli meurneobebi am
axali SesaZleblobebis farglebSi
pirispir aRmoCndebian im gamowvevebTan, rac dakavSirebulia bazrebis liberalizaciasa da globalizaciasTan. maT warmoebuli produqciisadmi xarisxis sul ufro
mkacri moTxovnebis gaTvaliswineba
mouwevT.
amitom kooperativebis meSveobiT
fermerebs qmediTi meqanizmebis SemuSavebis SesaZlebloba uCndebaT,
rom am sirTuleebis daZlevaSi daexmaron mcire meurneobebs, rac
xels Seuwyobs da daexmareba Tanamedrove sabazro Rirebulebebis
damkvidrebaSi, gazrdis savaWro potencials.
kooperativebis wevrebis gazrdili Semosavlebi pirdapirproporciulad aisaxeba mosaxleobis
keTildReobasa da soflis ganviTaaxali agraruli saqarTvelo
39
r b
re
baze,
z ufro
r m
meti Se
S saZ
s Zleb
blobe
b bi
b
gaCndeba kooperativebisTvis sakuTari maRalxarisxiani produqcia
miawodon gadammuSavebel mrewvelobas, sastumroebs, saavadmyofoebs, supermarketebs, restornebs da
swrafi kvebis qselebs, aseve sabavSvo baRebsa da saganmanaTleblosportul centrebs...
kanons, rogorc axal paradigmas,
SesaZlebelia fermerTa motivirebis ufro meti safuZveli ganesazRvros, Tu mis ganxorcielebaSi
uSualod fermerebi da fermeruli
asociaciebi miiReben monawileobas.
kooperaciis mamoZravebeli motivi
mravalricxovani wvrili meurneobebis, danawevrebuli miwebis nebayoflobiTi gaerTianeba, izolaciis
gadalaxvaa, rac konkurentunarianobis gazrdis winapirobaa.
kooperativi, pirvel rigSi, es ar
aris koleqtiuri meurneoba, risi
samwuxaro gamocdilebac dRes mraval fermers Tu glexs aiZulebs gaaigivos kooperativi koleqtiur meurneobasTan. kooperativi konkretuli
samuSao valdebulebebiT da miznebiT
Seqmnili organizacia, kerZo an iuridiulil pirTa kavSiria. misi mTavari
mimzidveloba swored demokratiuli marTvis struqtura da mmarTvelobaa. finansuri wlis bolos Semosavlis samarTliani ganawileba kooperativis mTavari principia. aseve
minda xazi gavusva kooperativebis
did rols sasursaTo usafrTxoebis
sakiTxebSi, rac qveynis ekonomikis
makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis analizisas yovelTvis mniSvnelovania.
kooperativebi individualuri meurneobebisgan gansxvavebiT gacilebiT
da metad mimzidvelia sainvesticio
miznebisTvis da mdgradobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi maT didi potenciali gaaCniaT.
gaeros sursaTis organizaciis
FAO-s kvlevis safuZvelze 2005 wels
40
neobis
CCatare
r bu
b li sof
s lis
s me
m ur
rn
b s aRweris Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi
daaxloebiT 700 000 sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTia. maTgan 99% saojaxo fermadaa klasificirebuli.
fermerul seqtorSi mcire kerZo
fermebi dominirebs. 93%-s 2 ha-ze
naklebi miwa aqvs. erTi fermis saSualo farTobi 2.3 heqtaria. miwebis
aseTi danawevreba araefeqtiania da
1992-1997 wlebSi Catarebuli miwis
araswori reformis Sedegs warmoadgens. miwebis nebayoflobiTi konsolidacia aris is umTavresi motivacia, rac am kanonis Seqmnas udevs
safuZvlad da migvaCnia, rom mxolod fermerebma unda gadawyviton,
visTan erTad ra tipisa da mimarTulebis kooperativebi Seqmnan.
sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis eroziis, gaudabnoebis da degradirebuli saTesle masalis da dabali
genetikuri Rirebulebis pirutyvis
arsebobas kooperaciuli gaerTianebebi advilad gamoasworeben Tu,
ra Tqma unda, swori menejmentis pirobebSi saTanado da Tanabar pirobebs Seuqmnian sakuTari kooperativis wevrebs. es ki niSnavs gacilebiT
dabal TviTRirebulebas, riskebis
swor menejments, maRal teqnologiebze, genetikur-saseleqcio masalebze da sabrunav saSualebebze met
xelmisawvdomobas da agrobiznesis
stabilur ganviTarebas, raSic Zalze
mniSvnelovani iqneba saqarTveloSi
savaWro-samrewvelo palatis farglebSi soflis meurneobis savaWro
palatis Seqmna da misi stimulireba.
am kanonis mizani sakomlo (saojaxo) meurneobebis ganviTareba, maTi
kooperireba da sicocxlisunarianobis gaZlierebaa; soflisa da soflis meurneobis aRorZinebis xelSewyobaa; soflis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofaa; soflad siRaribis aRmofxvraa;
soflidan mosaxleobis migraciis
SeCerebaa; sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis produqtiulobisa da konkurentunarianobis gaumjobesebaa;
warmoebis rentabelobis amaRleba
da erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebaa; biomeurneobis ganviTarebis
xelSewyobaa.
Zalze mniSvnelovania isic, rom
koooperatiuli meurneobebis Seqmna miznad isaxavs soflis meurneobis
dargebis intensiur ganviTarebas,
danawevrebuli sasoflo-sameurneo
miwebis nebayoflobiT gaerTianebas
da axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnasa da biomeurneobebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas, saxelmwifos mier
grantebis, lizingis wesiT teqnikis
da subsidirebis sakiTxebis xelSewyobas da stimulirebas.
1999-2003 wlebSi fermerTa uflebebis dacvis asociaciis da amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis soflis meurneobis departementis USDA da ACDIVOCA-s eqspertTan baton jeims bardasTan erTad SevimuSaveT saqarTveloSi fermeruli kooperativebis
Sesaxeb kanonproeqti, romelic wina
xelisuflebis pirobebSi araerTxel
warvudgineT saqrTvelos parlamentis agrarul sakiTxTa komitets,
soflis meurneobis saministros,
magram miuxedavad Cveni mravaljeradi mcdelobisa, Cven ver SevZeliT
am kanonproeqtis ganxilvebis dawyeba da samwuxarod xelisuflebisTvis
kooperirebis sakiTxi koleqtiur
meurneobebTan iyo gaigivebuli. 200
wels Cven aseve moviwvieT amerikuli arasamTavrobo organizacia Civic Strategies prezidenti Farmer
to Farmer programis farglebSi da
Cven kidev erTxel gadavaxaliseT
arsebuli kanonproeqti aSS-s, kanadis, safrangeTisa da xorvateTis
kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Cveni mizani iyo swored qarTuli modelis
Seqmna, raSic yvela zemoxsenebuli
qveynebis gamocdilebaa gaTvaliswinebuli. Tumca SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda
xelisuflebisTvis misi aRqmis gazrda da kooperativebis sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli nihilisturi
damokidebulebis Secvla. es maSin,
rodesac jer kidev SenarCunebuli
iyo soflad axalgazrdoba, samuSao
infrastuqtura da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis umetesoba swored
soflebis, Tavad glexebis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda da miwebi totalurad ar iyo gasxvisebuli qveynis moqalaqeebze.
ar arsebobs universaluri kanoni
da arc es kanonia gamonaklisi. gansxvavebiT am kanonisgan Cvens mier
momzadebul kanonproeqtSi identificirebuli iyo terminis „fermeri“
definicia, rasac Cveni kanonmdebloba am droisTvis ar cnobs. ameriნოემბერი, 2013
დის კუს ია
kis SeerTebuli Statebis soflis
meurneobis departamentis rCeviT
Cvens proeqtSi iyo aRniSnuli fermeruli kooperativebis tipebi:
— nedleulis mwarmoebelTa kooperativebi; gadamamuSavebeli kooperativebi;
servis anu marketinguli kooperativebi; sakredito kooperativebi.
saqarTveloSi soflad kooperaciuli moZraobis swrafi ganviTareba unda moxdes principis „qvemodan
zeviT“ dacviT da Zalian wamgebiani
iqneba misi piriqiT ganviTareba. is
aucileblad unda iqnes adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis mier waxalisebuli fermerebis motivirebis asamaRleblad. kooperativebis
SeqmnisTvis pozitiuri ganwyobis
Seqmna da waxaliseba sasoflo-sameurneo kooperaciis ganviTarebis
programis SemuSavebisas regionul
doneebze aucilebel winapirobad
unda iqces.
amdenad, am kanonis ZiriTad mizans swored mcire fermeruli meurneobebis xelSewyoba, maTi dacva
da ganviTareba warmoadgens maRali
konkurenciis pirobebSi. ra Tqma unda, fermerTaTvis umTavresia warmatebuli modelebis SeTavazeba, sxvadasxva qveynebis magaliTebze maTi
gacnoba, risTvisac fermerTa gacvliTi programebis inicirebaa aucilebeli.
am etapze ukve dasrulebulia samcxe-javaxeTis da guriis regionebis
ganviTarebis strategiuli gegmebis
SemuSavebis procesi. stabiluri ganviTarebis winapirobebia Sesaqmneli
soflad migraciis SesaCereblad,
axalgazrdobis damagrebis da maTi
agrobiznesSi CarTvis, biomeurneobebis prioritetuli ganviTarebisa
da integrirebuli soflis meurneobis xelSewyobis kuTxiT, aseve
qalfermerTa saSeRavaTo pirobebiT uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. amdenad, kooperireba xels Seuwyobs agraruli bazris infrastruqturis,
Sesyidvebis centrebis, auqcionebis,
sabiTumo sasursaTo bazrebis da
birJebis formirebas. saqarTvelos
evrointegraciis procesis farglebSi evrokavSiris erT-erTi rekomendaciaa saqarTveloSi swored
fermeruli meurneobebis ganviTareba, risTvisac evropis samezoblo
programa soflis meurneobisa da
soflis ganviTarebisTvis — ENPARDis farglebSi saqarTvelo 2013-2016
wlebSi 40 milion evros miiRebs, saidanac 18 milioni evro sabiujeto
daxmarebis saxiT gadaecema saqarTvelos mTavrobas; aqedan 15 milioni
evro gaicema grantebis saxiT mcire
fermerul biznesze orientirebuli
organizaciebis Sesaqmnelad, xolo
milioni evro — es iqneba evrokavSiris Tanamonawileoba aWaris regionSi soflis meurneobis seqtoris dasaxmareblad, UNDP-Tan erToblivi
menejmentis gziT.
amave dros, kooperativi isargeblebs biTumad Semsyidvelis uflebiT, rac mas saSualebas miscems
iafad iyidos da Tavis wevrebze aseve SeRavaTebiT gasces es saSualebebi, maT Soris kreditic. mecnierebis inovaciur miRwevaTa danergvis
xelSewyoba stimulirebuli unda
iqnes. kvalificiuri specialistebi
uzrunvelyofen wevrTa maRal kvalifikacias da profesiuli swavlebis da gadamzadebis dones, produqciis xarisxs da raodenobas. swored
kooperativis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli iqneba socialuri programebis
ganxorcieleba.
am kanonproeqts, rogorc CarCo
kanons, misi amoqmedebisaTvis esaWiroeba sxvadasxva normatiuli aqtebi da regulirebebi. kooperatiuli
meurneobebis ganviTareba warmoudgenelia sakredito kooperativebis
Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis gareSe da mimaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi
axali xelisuflebis pirobebSi ganxorcielebuli soflis meurneobis
daxmarebis da ganviTarebis programebi Zalze araTanmimdevruli da
dauxvewavi aRmoCnda da adgilobrivi produqciis konkurentunarianobis sakiTxi umwvavesia da amas Zalze
seriozuli kompleqsuri midgoma
sWirdeba. sasoflo-sameurneo saTesle da sanerge bazari uxarisxo
da saeWvo warmoSobisaa da SeuZlebelia maTze miiRo xarisxis. Zalze
didi riskebis Semcvelia uxarisxo
da vadagasuli Sxamqimikatebis arseboba da maTze arsebuli dabali
fasis mimzidveloba fermerebSi,
gamomdinare maTi dabalmsyidvelunarianobidan. saqarTveloSi gaeros
da Sveicariis ganviTarebis saagentos mier Catarda kvleva saqarTvelo-azerbaijani-somxeTis soflis
meurneobis SedarebiTi analizis
saxiT, romelic axlaxans daibeWda
da TiTqmis yvela aspeqtSi saqarTvelo aSkarad CamorCeba zemoxsenebul qveynebs. magaliTisaTvis ixileT erT heqtarze bostneulis da
marcvleulis warmoebis moculoba
tonobiT.
2012 weli
qveyana
xorbali simindi kartofili
saqarTvelo
1
1.4
sasomxeTi
2.1
4.7
17
azerbaijani
1.9
4.5
14.5
11
am fonze Zalze mniSvnelovania
Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufa-
li vaWrobis SeTanxmebis xelSekruleba saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris, romelic ZalaSi mxolod erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi Seva, rac SesaZleblobas miscems qarTvel mewarmeebs pirobebiT dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad Sevidnen msoflios umsxviles bazarze, romelic
am etapze 28 qveyanas da 500 milionze
met momxmarebels aerTianebs. saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Tavisufali
gadaadgileba xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos saeqsporto potencialis
zrdas, radganac evrokavSirs aRmosavleT partniorobis farglebSi
preferenciuli savaWro SeTanxmeba
45 qveyanasTan aqvs gaformebuli.
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi,
romelic adgilobrivi bazris aTvisebas ukavSirdeba, sasursaTo usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaa. gasul
wlebSi soflis meurneobis saministros mier fermerTaTvis Tavs moxveulma „marcvleuli kulturebis
warmoebis” programam, romlis farglebSic Semotanil iqna e.w. „maRalmosavliani da gvalvagamZle“ xorblisa da hibriduli simindis saTesle masala, uamravi fermeri datova
mosavlis gareSe da bankrotad aqcia, rac gamowveuli iyo am saTesle
masalis yovelgvari gamocdis gareSe empiriulad fermerTaTvis kreditis saxiT gadacemiT. am SemTxvevaSi kooperativebi Tavad gadawyveten, Tu rogori xarisxis Tesli da
sargavi masala esaWiroebaT.
xelmisawvdomoba ki erTi-erTi umniSvnelovanesi problemaa. Tumca amgvari programebis ganxorcielebisas
damatebiT ramdenime sakiTxi unda
gaviTvaliswinoT: qveyanaSi unda Seiqmnas adgilobrivi uviruso meTesleobis da sargavi masalis warmoebis
programa, nebismieri saTesle masala unda gamoicados sasoflo-sameurneo aRwarmoebaze saqarTvelos
klimatur da niadagur pirobebSi da
fermerebs unda hqondeT SesaZlebloba, gaiumjobeson codna agrobioteqnologiaSi, rac mosavlianobis
gazrdis erT-erTi aucilebeli winapirobaa; axali jiSebis danergvis
paralelurad unda momzaddes adgilobrivi agrobiomravalferovnebis
konservaciis, biobankebis Seqmnis saxelmwifo programa.
kaxa nadiraZe,
fermerTa uflebebis dacvis
asociaciis prezidenti;
aRmosavleT partniorobis
erovnuli platformis
agraruli politikisa da soflis
ganviTarebis qvejgufis
koordinatori;
doqtori
41
კვ ლე ვ ა
კვლევა
kaklis IN VITRO Ta na med ro ve
bi o teq no lo gi u ri me To di
mTel msoflioSi farTod gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove bioteqnologiuri qsovilovani kulturebis
gamravlebis meTodi. mecnierebi miuTiTeben, rom
am teqnoligiebis gamoyenebiT kaklis kulturis
miReba gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT gamoirCeva.
bioteqnologiis centrma laboratoriaSi warmatebiT danerga aRniSnuli meTodi da miiRo kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebi, rac saqarTveloSi pirvel precedents warmoadgens.
saqarTveloSi arsebuli niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi kaklovani kulturebis farTod gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, amitom saqarTvelo kaklis kulturis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani keraa.
kaklis xe (Iuglans regia L.,) RirsSesaniSnavi nayofmomcemi kulturaa, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba, kerZod: mSrali saxiT, sakonditro
warmoebaSi, sakvebad, agreTve teqnikuri miznebisaTvis
(maRalxarisxovani zeTis misaRebad). garda zemoTaRniSnulisa, iyeneben mis merqans da TviTon xes avejisa da
sxva sayofacxovrebo sagnebis dasamzadeblad.
dResdReobiT ar aris aRwerili kaklis qarTuli jiSi, romlebic gavrcelebuli iqneboda zRvis donidan
1200m. simaRleze, radganac ar arsebobs misi plantacia.
es gamowveulia imiT, rom saqarTveloSi ar moipoveba
adaptirebuli da dadgenili kaklis jiSebi. faqtobrivad, kakali moixsenieba rogorc egzemplarebi.
kakali ekonomiurad momgebian kulturas warmoadgens, Tumca arsebuli teqnologiebiT miRebuli kaklis nergebi ver akmayofilebs adgilobriv fermerTa
moTxovnilebas. aqedan gamomdinare, maRali xarisxis
kaklis nergi deficits warmoadgens.
bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi intensiurad daiwyo
ucxoeTidan kaklis sanerge masalis Semotana, rac adgilobrivi jiSebis Seviwroebas iwvevs, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom bazarze qarTuli kakali (saqarTveloSi moyvanili) ufro Zviri Rirs, vidre Semotanili, rac ganpirobebulia maTi kvebiTi da Tvisobrivi maCveneblebiT.
mTel smsoflioSi farTod gamoiyeneba axali bioteqnologiuri, Tanamedrove qsovilovani kulturebis
gamravlebis meTodi, rac sargavi da sanerge masalis
warmoebisaTvis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis miRebas
gulisxmobs. qsoviluri kulturebis gamoyeneba sul
ufro farTo mniSvnelobas iZens, radgan aRniSnuli
teqnologia saSualebas iZleva uwyvetad uzrunvelyofili iyos paTologiuri mikrobebisa da virusebisgan
Tavisufali saTesle da sargavi masalis warmoeba.
aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom kakali Znelad gasamravlebel kulturas warmoadgens. misi gamravleba in vitro meTodiT saSualebas mogvcems erT weliwadSi miviRoT sanamyene da saZire masala. Sedegad aqtiurad moxdeba kaklis
nergebis ganaxleba-gaSeneba, SenarCundeba adgilobrivi
kaklis biomravalferovneba, rac xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi soflis meurneobis am dargis ganviTarebas.
42
axali bioteqnologiuri qsovilovani kulturebis
gamravlebis meTodis danergva Tavis mxriv aRmofxvris
im deficits, romelic dRes kaklis nergis warmoebis
sferoSi arsebobs.
wlebia, rac aRniSnuli teqnologiis danergvaze bioteqnologiis centri warmatebiT muSaobs. Sedegad
gvaqvs kartofilis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis koleqcia (72 jiSi).
bolo erTi weliwadia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis bioteqnologiis centri aqtiurad muSaobs
kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis koleqciis Seqmnaze
SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis dafinansebiT.
dRes kaklis sawyisi masalis asaRebad CvenTvis idealuri gamodga saguramoSi, sofel jiRauraSi arsebuli kaklis sadede baRi, radgan iq gaaCniaT 2-3 wlovani
axalgazrda xeebi, rac saukeTesoa kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis misaRebad.
kvlevis meTodika:
kaklis sinjaris mcenareebis gazrdisaTvis laboratoriaSi gamoyenebuli iqna sami tipis sakvebi are (muraSige — skuge; naxevrad-Zlieri muraSige — skuge da DKW
mediumi), romlebic aucilebelia sinjaris mcenareebis
gamosazrdelad da maT dasafesvianeblad. sinjarebi
sacobebTan erTad sterildeba mSral sterilizatorebSi 1200C temperaturaze. gasterilebul sinjarebSi
isxmeba 10-10 ml. aduRebuli sakvebi are, romelic sterildeba orTqlis avtoklavSi 1050C temperaturaze,
40-45 wT-is ganmavlobaSi. gadaTesva xdeba sterilur
boqsebSi, laminaruli magidebis gamoyenebiT.
SerCeuli kaklis masalidan pirvel etapze moxda
mcenareebis gazrda fitotronSi regulirebad pirobebSi DKW mediumSi (temperatura 260C; 18-saaTiani
sinaTlis periodiT). gazrdili mcenareebi dasafesvianeblad gadagvqonda hormonebis (indlol 3 butirismJava) Semcvel DKW mediumSi, sibnelis fazaSi 23-240Cze 7; 14 an 21 dRe, dafesvianebuli sinjaris mcenareebi
Tavsdeboda auqsinis Semcvel MS-naxevradZlier sakveb
areSi fesvTa sistemis gasaZliereblad (temperatura
23-240C; 16-saaTiani sinaTlis periodiT) 3-4 kviris ganmavlobaSi. dafesvianebuli mcenareebi iTeseboda aklimatizaciisTvis sterilur WurWelSi (13X10.5X4 sm),
romelic Seicavs specialur niadags da ifareba polieTileniT, rom SeinarCunos tenianoba. mcenareebi irwyveboda wyliT kviraSi erTxel igive pirobebSi.
bioteqnologiis centris samecniero jgufma SeZlo
gadaelaxa is sirTuleebi, rac kaklis kulturis bioteqnologiuri meTodiT gamravlebas axlavs Tan. miviReT in vitro sinjaris mcenareebi, romlebic xasiaTdeba
gamarTuli ReroTi da Zlieri foTlebiT. moxda maTi
dafesvianeba specialur sakveb areSi, xolo fesvTa sistemis gaZliereba vermikulitis Semcvel xelovnur sakvebSi.
კვლევა
gamoyenebuli literatura:
kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebi
amrigad, saqarTveloSi pirvelad, laboratoriis pirobebSi
SesaZlebeli gaxda kaklis in vitro sinjaris mcenareebis miReba,
romlebic xasiaTdebian Zlieri fesvTa sistemiT, gamarTuli
ReroTi da zomieri foTlebiT.
Cvens mier aprobirebuli kaklis gamravlebis axali bioteqnologiuri meTodi misi farTod gamoyenebis saSualebas mogvcems, radgan in vitro meTodiT SesaZlebelia drois mcire monakveTSi miviRoT kaklis nergi, Cvens mier miRebuli Sedegebi ki
aris pirveli nabijebi am metad Zvirfasi kulturis janmrTeli, sufTa nergis warmoebisaTvis saqarTveloSi.
iveta megreliSvili,
biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori
maia kuxaleiSvili,
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis bioteqnologiis
centris direqtori
ekaterine bulauri, nino murvaniZe,
mecnier-TanamSromlebi
1. BOURRAIN L., NAVATEL J.C. (1994) Micropropagation du noyer Juglansregia L. Première
partie : production in vitro - InfosCtifl n° 98 : 40-48.
2. NAVATEL J.C., BOURRAIN L (1994) - Influence of
the physical structure of the medium on in vitro rooting
- Advances in horticultural science vol8 : 57-59.
3. BOURRAIN L., NAVATEL J.C. (1995) Micropropagation du noyer Juglansregia L.
Deuxièmepartie :acclimatation en serre et èlevage du
plant en pèpinière - InfosCtifl n°112 : 28-33.
4. NAVATEL JC., BOURRAIN L. (2001) - Plant production of walnut Juglansregia L. by in vitro multiplication - ActaHorticulturae544 : 465-471.
5. NAVATEL J.C., BOURRAIN L., PARAT J., BLAL
B. (1996) - Effect of application of a precommercial AMF inoculant during the weaning stage of
micropropagated walnut and pear - COST 822
Physiology and control of plant propagation in vitro - Proceedings of the workshop held at Humboldt
university, Berlin 1996.
6. BOURRAIN L., NAVATEL J.C., BLAL B., PARAT J.
(1999) - Les mycorhizes: des champignons symbiotiques en aide aux pépiniéristes - InfosCtifl n° 154
: 36-39.
7. NAVATEL J.C., BOURRAIN L., PARAT J., BLAL
B. (1999) - Effect of applications of a pre-commercial AMF inoculant during the weaning stage of micropropagated plants of walnut and pear - COST 8.21
- Arbuscularmycorrhizas in sustainable soil plant
systems. Repport of 1998 activities - European Community- COST : 168-169.
8. D. RНOS LEAL.,M. SБNCHEZ-OLATE.,F.
AVILЙS.,M.E. MATERAN., M. URIBE.,R. HASBЪNAND
R. RODRНGUEZ.MICROPROPAGATION OF JUGLANS
REGIA L. (2006)Dept. B.O.S., Faculty of Biology,
University of Oviedo, Spain.
ვე ტე რინარია
ვეტერინარია
`Smalenbergis~
daavadeba gvitevs!
daavadeba, romlis istoria 2011 wlis agvistodan iwyeba, pirvelad germaniis qalaq SmalenbergSi mewvel furebSi manamde Seuswavleli klinikiTa da simptomebiT iqna registrirebuli.
daavadebis gamomwvevi aRmoCnda ucnobi virusi, rac germaniis
fridrix lefleris saxelobis institutSi Catarebulma kvlevebma
daadastura da miakuTvnes orTobuniavirusebis gvaris buniavirusebis ojaxs, xolo daavadebas Smalenbergi uwodes.
2012 wlis ianvarSi daavadeba gamovlinda did britaneTSi. Semdgomi periodisTvis Tavi iCina niderlandebSi mecxvareobis fermebSic.
amJamad daavadeba registrirebulia evropis mTel rig qveynebSi.
virusis ZiriTadi amTvisebelia
merZeuli da mexorceuli jiSiani
m Ralp
pr
qtiuli msxvil
msx
x
ma
roduq
fexa
rqosani pirutyvi, cxvari da Txa.
inkubaciuri periodi 2-5 dRea.
klinikuri niSnebi gamoixateba
cxelebiT, diareiT, wveladobisa
da wonis klebiT, romlebic ramdenime dReSi normas ubrundeba.
wvrilfexa rqosan pirutyvSi Seaxali agraruli saqarTvelo
43
ვე ტერინარი ა
ვეტერინარია
iZ
Zleba
b mka
m fio klini
n kuri
r niS
n Sn
nebi
b
arc gamoixatos. avaddeba mTliani suladobis 20-dan 70 %-mde.
daavadebas Tan axlavs mravlobiTi abortebi. dabadebuli nayofi
ganuviTarebelia da axlavs mTeli rigi simaxinjeebi: mogrexili
kiseri, ganuviTarebeli saxsrebi,
Tavis tvinSi kistozuri warmonaqmnebi, kidurebis arasimetriuli zomebi, sqoliozi, kunTebis
atrofia, qveda ybis deformacia,
ataqsia, hidrocefaliebi, muclisa da gul-mkerdis Rrus ascitebi,
sibrmave da sxva. zogierT faraSi
SeiZleba 50%-mde defeqtiani batknebis mogeba moxdes. rogorc wesi, aseTi klinikuri niSnebiT dabadebuli cxovelebi masobrivad
Zalian swrafad kvdebian.
dadasturebulia cxovelTa yvela asakobrivi jgufis amTvisebloba. adamianTa daavadebis SemTxvevebi registrirebuli ar aris,
Tumca holandiis janmrTelobisa
da garemos dacvis erovnuli institutis mecnierTa kvlevebiT
adamianTa daavadebis SesaZlebloba ar gamoiricxeba.
Smalenbergis daavadebas miakuTvneben transmisiur infeqciebs da naCvenebia horizontaluri
(sisxlismwoveli mweridan-mcoxnav cxovelze) da vertikaluri
(inficirebuli dedidan, transplacentaruli — nayofze) dasnebovnebis gzebi.
cxovelTa dasnebovnebis ZiriTadi gzebia:
sisxlismwoveli mwerebis kbena;
44
s or
rganiz
n zm
n — ma
m keoba;
b
dedis
midan
inficirebuli sperma.
daavadebis paTogenezi, virusis gavrcelebis ZiriTadi meqanizmi da misi Soreuli moqmedebebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebebiT
virusis jerjerobiT arasruli
Seswavlis gamo ucnobia, vinaidan
daavadeba axalia da gamomwvevi
mizezebi srulyofilad Seswavlili ar aris, Tan profilaqtikuri
saSualebebi ar moipoveba. aseve
Seswavlis procesSia imunitetis
sakiTxi im cxovelebSi, romlebsac hqondaT daavadebis niSnebi an
moixades daavadeba.
ruseTis cxovelTa janmrTelobis dacvis samecniero-kvleviT institutSi SemuSavebulia
sadiagnostiko
test-sistemebi
polimeraza jaWvuri reaqciiT
(genomis) da imunofermentuli
analizis (antigeni-antisxeulebi)
kvlevis meTodebiT, romlebsac
warmatebiT iyeneben mraval qveyanaSi.evrokavSiris qveynebSi tardeba masiuri monitoringi sisxlis SratSi da rZeSi daavadebis
antisxeulebis arsebobaze.
axlaxans klasificirebuli virusi swrafad vrceldeba evrokavSiris qveynebSi, sadac veterinaruli samsaxurebi sxvadasxva sqemebiT da struqturebiT naklebefeqturad muSaoben. problemad rCeba
daavadebis winaaRmdeg brZolis
meTodebis ararseboba, daavadebis
kupirebisaTvis da acilebisaTvis
organizmis damcveli profilaqtikuri saSualebebis ararseboba.
zogierT qveyanaSi molodinis reJimis gamo araviTari RonisZiebebi
ar gautarebiaT da eqspertTa umravlesoba evropisa da aziis qveynebSi axal-axali mravlobiTi kerebis afeTqebas varaudobs.
veterinaruli inspeqtirebisa
da moTxovnebis Sesustebam gamoiwvia is, rom avstriaSi ramdenime
kviris manZilze daavadeba mcoxnav cxovelTa TiTqmis 90%-Si gavrcelda.
amJamad mTel rig qveynebs dawesebuli aqvT droebiTi SezRudvebi germaniidan, belgiidan, avstriidan, niderlandebidan, avstraliidan, axali zelandiidan,
italiidan, safrangeTidan,luqsemburgidan cocxali pirutyvis,
xorcis, supproduqtebis, spermisa da embrionebis importze.
evrokavSiris qveynebis veterinari specialistebis mier detaluri epizootiuri kvlevebis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom daavadebis
pirveli kerebis teritoriuli
gamovlinebebi emTxveva 2006 wlis
blutangis daavadebis gamovlinebis pirvel SemTxvevebs, romlis
aRmZvreli evropis CrdiloeT nawilSi moxvda TviTmfrinavis meSveobiT afrikidan virusmtarebeli sisxlismwoveli mwerebiT, romlebic mravali saxisaa. daavadebis
gamowvevis dRemde arsebuli stereotipebis SeswavliT mecnierTa daskvnebiT daavadeba evropaSi
avstraliidan da axali zelandiidan jiSiani msxvilfexa rqosani
pirutyvis Semoyvanis Sedegad gavrcelda, rac msoflio vaWrobis
globalizaciis Sedegia.
aRniSnul problemaze saerTaSoriso epizootiuri biuros generalurma direqtorma bernar
valam didi xnis winaT ganacxada:
„aracentralizirebuli saxelmwifo veterinaruli sistema Zalian uxerxuli da araefeqturia daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
cxovelTa daavadebebTan brZola
namdvili omia, sadac bevri jariskaci da polkovnikia, generali ki
erTi unda iyos, bevri generlis
SemTxvevaSi ki yvela omi wagebuli
iqneba“.
cezar maCitiZe,
veterinarul-mecnierebaTa
doqtori
ინ ფორმ აცია
ინფორმაცია
rogor SevqmnaT ko o pe ra ti vi ?
kooperativis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa glexebis dargebis mixedviT gaerTianeba.
maRalmTian regionSi kooperativebis wevrTa raodenoba 3-ze, xolo saqarTvelos danarCen teritoriaze 5-ze naklebi ar unda iyos.
sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis wevri SeiZleba iyos:
1. 18 wels miRweuli saqarTvelos moqalaqe, romelic uSualod monawileobs am kooperativis sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi da flobs pais.
2. sasoflo sameurneo kooperativi.
kooperativis qoneba
sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis qoneba iqmneba wevrTa (mepaieTa) SenataniT (paiT), sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobiT miRebuli mogebiT, grantiT, an
sxva wyaroebiT.
kooperativebis Seqmnisas kerZo mflobelobaSi
arsebuli miwis gaerTianeba savaldebulo ar aris,
Tumca survilis SemTxvevaSi da wevrTa erToblivi
gadawyvetilebiT SesaZlebelia.
kooperativis qoneba
sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis statuss aniWebs
„sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis saagento“.
kooperativis statusis misaRebad saWiroa:
gaerTianebiT dainteresebuli pirebi daregistrirdebian samewarmeo reestrSi kooperativis organizaciuli formiT;
saagentoSi waradginon miwis an qonebaze mesakuTris damadasturebeli dokumenti da kooperativis wesdeba.
მეჩაიეობა და მეციტრუსეობა
subtropikuli soflis meurneobis
wamyvani dargebi
saqarTvelos subtropikuli zona mciremiwian regions warmoadgens, sadac amJamad tradiciuli aborigenuli sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis garda
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebidan Semotanili subtropikuli kulturebi xarobs da qveynis ekonomikaSi
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. maT Soris sakmarisia
dasaxeldes Cai, romlis asocwliani istoria sisxlxorceuladaa dakavSirebuli am zonis mosaxleobis
ekonomikur da socialur aRmavlobasTan.
jer kidev meoce saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, rodesac masiurad Sendeboda Cais samrewvelo plantaciebi, imTaviTve gaTvaliswinebuli iyo sxva subtropikuli kulturebis gaSenebac. im zonebSi, sadac niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi Seesabameboda kulturaTa bioekologiur moTxovnilebas, Camoyalibda specializebuli, maT
Soris, citrusebis meurneobebi. umetes SemTxvevaSi
subtropikuli kulturebis gaSeneba Cais msxvil meurneobebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. mecnier-mkvlevarTa da
specialistTa aseT mizanSewonil midgomas ramdenime
gamarTleba hqonda. upirveles yovlisa, maqsimalurad
iyo gamoyenebuli meurneobis niadagur-klimaturi da
orTografiuli faqtorebi; meore — mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo muSaxelis racionaluri
dasaqmeba; mesame — izrdeboda meurneobaTa Semosavali
da mosaxleoba Rebulobda maTTvis saWiro sasaqonlo
da samomxmareblo produqcias. Cais specializebuli
meurneobebis Camoyalibebis paralelurad iqmneboda
citrusovanTa specializebuli meurneobebi.
citrusovani kulturebi garkveuli masStabiT warmodgenil iqna Cais msxvil meurneobebSi, sadac klimaturi pirobebi amis saSualebas iZleoda. Cais foTlis
krefis sezonis damTavrebis Semdeg muSa-mosamsaxureebs noember-dekemberSi saSualeba eZleodaT emuSavaT
citrusebis nayofis damzadebaze, SefuTva-gamozamTrebis samuSaoebze, produqciis realizaciaze mieRoT
damatebiTi anazRaureba. meurneobaTa funqcionirebis
mravalwlianma gamocdilebam cxadyo am ori ZiriTadi
subtropikuli kulturis — Caisa da citrusebis Tanaarsebobis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba. swored
am kulturebis intensiurma ganviTarebam xeli Seuwyo
subtropikuli soflis meurneobis aRmavlobas saqarTveloSi.
1991 wlisaTvis Cais plantaciebs 64,8 aTasi ha. ekava
(maT Soris srulasakovani 57,2 aTasi ha.), citrusovnebs
— 27,4 — aTasi ha. am sawarmoo masStabebis sruli gaazrebisTvis sakmarisia aRiniSnos, rom marto meCaieobis
45
მეჩაიეობა და მეციტრუსეობა
dargis xvedriTi wili qveynis soflis meurneobaSi am
droisaTvis 23,6%-s Seadgenda da masze soflis meurneobis mTliani produqciis realizaciiT miRebuli
mogebis 58% modioda. amasTan, saqarTvelos Cais mrewveloba daaxloebiT 1 mlrd. 500 mln. maneTis sasaqonlo
produqcias awarmoebda, rac saqarTvelos agrosamrewvelo kompleqsis sistemaSi warmoebuli produqciis
35%-ze mets Seadgenda. amasTanave, nedleulis pirveladi gadamuSavebis wliuri simZlavre Seadgenda 844
aTas tonas. gadamuSavebas axorcielebda 164 sawarmo,
maT Soris 142 pirveladi gadamuSavebisa.
citrusebis saerTo mosavali am droisaTvis (1990 w. ukanaskneli aRricxvadi weli) Seadgenda 301,305 tonas. saSualo saheqtaro mosavlianoba 152 c/ha, xolo saerTo
Semosavali dargidan 520 mln. maneTze mets. aRsaniSnavia,
rom uxvmosavlian wlebSi, magaliTad, 1988 wels saerTo
mosavalma Seadgina 436,200 tona, mosavlianobam — 227 c/
ha, xolo saerTo Semosavalma 800 mln. maneTs gadaaWarba.
rogorc vxedavT, subtropikuli kulturebis am ori
umniSvnelovanesi dargis warmoebis masStabebi qveyanaSi metad STambeWdavia, magram rac metad mniSvnelovania,
dargSi uproblemod iyo dasaqmebuli 26 administraciuli raionis Sromisunariani mosaxleobis udidesi nawili.
aRniSnuli kulturebis warmoebas aqvs aramarto didi ekonomikuri mniSvneloba, aramed metad sayuradReboa maTi ekologiuri datvirTvac. gansakuTrebiT es
exeba Cais plantaciebs, romelTa nargaobebis 70%-ze
meti mdebareobs ferdobebze da mWidrod ganTavsebuli buCqebidan Semdgari Spalerebi warmoadgenen saukeTeso dacvas eroziuli movlenebis winaaRmdeg.
amgvarad, axlo warsulSi saqarTvelos, rogorc agrarul qveyanas, sakmaod ganviTarebuli soflis meurneoba gaaCnda.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da sabazro ekonomikur urTierTobebze gadasvlis Semdeg qveyanaSi ganviTarebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri arastabilurobis gamo
gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda mravaldargovani soflis meurneoba da misi metad mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli — subtropikuli meurneoba, dasustda
soflis sawarmoo Zalebi, moiSala materialur-teqnikuri baza, mouvlelobis gamo gamoifita adre noyieri
miwebi. ZiriTadad Sewyvita funqcionireba ekonomikurad da organizaciulad dargma, romelic warmoadgenda savaluto resurss. amis garda, moweuli nayofebis
realizaciasTan dakavSirebiT problemebi Seeqmna mecitruseobas. soflad dairRva infrastruqtura, gauqmda produqciaze fiqsirebuli fasebi, daikarga gasaRebis tradiciuli bazrebi.
situacias arTulebs isic, rom qveyanaSi jer kidev ar
aris sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebaSi mkafiod gamoxatuli prioritetuli mimarTulebebi, garda mevenaxeo-
46
bisa. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba subtropikul zonaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, dRevandel glex-fermers eufleba
uimedobis gancda. miuxedavad imisa, rom masze iricxeba erTi an meti heqtari miwis farTobi, mflobelma ar
icis, Tu romeli kultura awarmoos. saxelmwifo ar ukveTavs ama Tu im kulturis produqcias da xSir SemTxvevaSi umjobesad miiCnevs ucxoeTidan importirebas.
mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenili subtropikuli zonis mosaxleobis sakmaod didi nawili sazRvargareT wavida, kerZod, bevri maTgani mezobel TurqeTSi imyofeba da raoden paradoqsulia, Cais foTlisa
da citrusovanTa nayofebis sakrefad.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, dargis savalalo mdgomareobis miuxedavad, specialistebis azriT viTarebis
gamosworeba SeiZleba. amisaTvis saxelmwifom radikaluri RonisZiebebi unda gaataros, aRmouCinos dargs
pirvel etapze finansuri mxardaWera Cais plantaciebis
aRdgenaSi, Cais fabrikebis restavrirebaSi, sanam dargi
gamouSvebs mza nawarms, romelic iqneba konkurentunariani bazarze.
meCaieobis krizisidan daZlevisaTvis
saWiro RonisZiebebi:
1. saqarTveloSi arsebuli Cais nargaobebis pasportizaciis Catareba jiSuri Semadgenlobis, asakobrivi
mdgomareobis da sakuTrebis formis gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. saqarTveloSi mineraluri da organuli sasuqebis
bunebrivi resursebis samrewvelo amoqmedeba.
3. lojistikis sistemis Seqmna saxelmwifo-kerZo partnioruli urTierTobis safuZvelze.
4. qarTuli Cais yofil tradiciul bazrebze SeRwevadamkvidreba, Sida bazris dacva kontrabanduli produqciisagan, qveyanaSi Cais importis SezRudva, xolo
Semotanils dauwesdes maRali sabaJo gadasaxadi.
5. konkurentunariani produqciis warmoebis mizniT
Cais warmoebisa da gadamuSavebis erTi mesakuTris xelSi moqceva.
6. meCaieobis dargis reabilitaciaSi saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis daxmarebis SesaZleblobis gamoyeneba,
maT mier grantebis, subsidiebis, SeRavaTiani kreditebis da sxvaTa saxiT gamoyofili saxsrebiT, meCaieobis
reabilitaciisaTvis sainvesticio fondis Seqmna.
7. samuSaoTa warmoebis pirvel etapze meCaieobis reabilitaciaSi monawile organizaciebis ganTavisufleba
gadasaxadebisagan da Semosuli Tanxebi moxmardes dargis kvlavwarmoebas.
rac Seexeba mecitruseobis dargis ganviTarebas,
erT-erT problemad kvlav nayofebisa da sakonservo
mrewvelobis produqciis realizacia rCeba. misi tradiciuli bazari Tanamegobrobis qveynebia. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba agreTve saxelmwifo dakveTebis aRdgenas da ganviTarebas.
mecitruseobis Semdgomi aRorZineba-ganviTareba
kulturaTa mecnieruli safuZvlebis axlebur damuSavebas moiTxovs. sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi agrosamrewvelo warmoebis efeqtianobis safuZvelia is, Tu
igi rogori warmatebiT iyenebs mecnierul-teqnikuri
progresis miRwevebs, sawarmoo potencialis masStabebs da xarisxs, muSaTa kvalifikacias da sxva.
programa mecitruseobis dargis krizisidan gamoyvanis erT-erT gadamwyvet gzad kooperaciuli meurneobebis citrusovanTa baRebis mosaxleobis sakuTrebaSi
gadacemas gulisxmobs. programa citrusovanTa nayofis
mosavlis 70-100 aTas tonamde gazrdasac iTvaliswinebs.
amrigad, am ori metad mniSvnelovani dargis aRdgenaganviTareba qveynis soflis meurneobis krizisidan gamoyvanis saqmeSi aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens.
roland kopaliani,
sof. meurn. mecn. doqtori, profesori,
akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti
Sve i ca ri u li kom pa nia sin gen ta,
SYNGEN TA AGRO AG aris
msof li o Si li de ri
firma agrobiznesis sferoSi, romelic awarmoebs da awvdis bazars
Tanamedrove, maRali xarisxis mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebs (pesticidebs),
mindvris kulturebis (xorbali, qeri,
rafsi, simindi, mzesumzira, Saqris
Warxali) da bostneuli kulturebis
rogorc Ria, aseve daculi gruntis
maRalxarisxian da uxvmosavlian Teslebs. SYNGENTA saqarTvelosa da
dsT-s qveynebSi realizacias axdens
aSS-s kompania DOW AGRO SCIENCES-is
CES-is
produqciasac. kompania warmodgenilia Tavisi produqciiT msoflios
TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi da maT Soris
saqarTveloSi.
saqarTveloSi funqcionirebs singentas warmomadgenloba, romelic
operirebs da pasuxismgebelia mTeli
amierkavkasiis masStabiT (saqarTvelo,
somxeTi, azerbaijani). saqarTveloSi
singentas ofisTan kurirebs fermerTa
daxmarebisa da konsultaciis centri,
sadac SegiZliaT miiRoT maRalkvalificiuri rCeva TiTqmis yvela sasoflo
sameurneo kulturis movla-moyvanis,
distributorebisa da mravali saqmiani partniorebis Sesaxeb singentas produqcia xelmisawdomia mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT.
didi siamovnebiT gelodebiT Cvens
ofisSi saqmiani SexvedrebisaTvis, dagvirekeT TqvenTvis xelsayrel dros an
mogvwereT:
Cveni misamarTia:
0119. Tbilisi, ak. wereTlis 142, metro didubesTan, samTo qimiis gverdiT.
tel\faqsi: 235 33 12. mob: 599 50 62 35, 592 14 66 77, 574 07 31 73. 599 33 07 63
el. fosta: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected].

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