Psicologia generale Memoria - Dipartimento di Psicologia
Transcript
Psicologia generale Memoria - Dipartimento di Psicologia
-%'+#./#"0%)12*#""*,3)45678 • 9:;<#%)<*&&()0*+:*3)<*#)=,%$*""#)<#)$%<#>$(3) *&(?%,(@#%+*)*),(==,*"*+:(@#%+*)$A*)/#)(//*+'%+%B !"#$%&%'#()'*+*,(&* Friday, 6 May 2011 • C&)"%''*D%)$A*)(==,*+<*)+%+)E)=(""#/%3)?*+"F)(G/%3) #+)H;(+:%)*&(?%,()*)"*&*@#%+()&*)#+I%,0(@#%+#) =,%/*+#*+.)<(&&(),*(&:JB 1 Friday, 6 May 2011 2 !"#$%$&'(") *%+,(-(&,( K*0%,#( !"#$%$&'("#'()*"'+"#(,#$"-.%-($%-.& +%,,/(-0&'$"1(&-%#-%,#.%$2&3 4#,"#5"2"5(.6#+(#%,"7&'"'%8#5&-9%':"'%#% '%5*2%'"'%#,/(-0&'$"1(&-% • LMN(==,*+<#0*+:%)E)#&)=,%$*""%)<#)($H;#"#,* +;%/*)#+I%,0(@#%+#3)0*+:,*)&()0*0%,#()"# ,#I*,#"$*)(&&()=*,"#":*+@()<*&&N(==,*+<#0*+:% #+);+%)":(:%)$A*)=%""()*""*,*),#/*&(:%)#+ :*0=#)";$$*""#/#O3)MB)9H;#,*)145P78 • LM()0*0%,#()"#)?("()";)0*$$(+#"0#)<#+(0#$# <*=;:(.)(&&(),#:*+@#%+*)*<)(&),*$;=*,% <*&&N#+I%,0(@#%+*),*&(./()(&&N*"=*,#*+@( =(""(:(O3)-,%Q<*,)145768 Friday, 6 May 2011 3 Friday, 6 May 2011 4 ;-.'&+*1(&-% C+:,%<;@#%+* • R&&()?("*)<*'&#)":;<#)<#)="#$%&%'#()*)<#)+*;,%"$#*+@*)$%'+#./*) $NE)&N("";+:%)$A*)&()0*0%,#()"#)?("#)";):,*)=,%$*""#) I%+<(0*+:(&#S)$%<#>$(3)#00('(@@#+(0*+:%)*),*$;=*,%B • La memoria è una delle abilità cognitive più importanti per l’integrità psicologica e cognitiva degli individui • Essa può assumere diverse forme, ed i processi alla base possono essere semplici ed automatici o richiedere grossi sforzi: il trend dominante è oggi quello di suddividere questa abilità in sottoabilità. – M()$%<#>$()A()<;*)"%D%T":(<#S)($H;#"#@#%+*)*)$%+"%&#<(0*+:%B ) MN($H;#"#@#%+*)#00*D*)#)<(.)#+)#+',*""%)#+);+),*'#":,%)1?;U*,8)"*+"%,#(&*B)C&) $%+"%&#<(0*+:%)$,*();+(),(==,*"*+:(@#%+*)":(?#&*)+*&):*0=%B • MN#00('(@@#+(0*+:%3),#";&:(:%)<*&&N($H;#"#@#%+*)*)<*&) $%+"%&#<(0*+:%3)$,*()*)0(+.*+*)#)<(.)#+),*$%,<")=*,0(+*+.B • C&),*$;=*,%);.&#@@()&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)#00('(@@#+(:()=*, $,*(,*);+(),(==,*"*+:(@#%+*)$%+"$#()%)=*,)*"*';#,*);+ $%0=%,:(0*+:%)(==,*"%3)$%0*);+)(D%)0%:%,#%B Memoria struttura: modo nel quale il sistema della memoria è organizzato processi: attività che si verificano all’interno del sistema stesso Friday, 6 May 2011 5 Friday, 6 May 2011 6 K('(@@#+#)<#)0*0%,#( • M()$%0=&*""#:J)<*#)I*+%0*+#)0+*".$#)1$#%E) ,*&(./#)(&&()0*0%,#(8)E):(&*)$A*)=*,)"=#*'(,+*) #)0*$$(+#"0#)"#)E),#$%,"%)(<);+()/(,#*:J)<#) $(:*'%,#@@(@#%+#B) • V,()H;*":*)I%,"*)&()=#W)(U*,0(:()E)H;*&&()$A*) <#/#<*)#)0('(@@#+#)<#)0*0%,#()#+)?("*)(&&()&%,%) <;,(:(3)$#%E)()H;(+:%):*0=%)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)/#) E)0(+:*+;:(B Friday, 6 May 2011 • V(&*)<#".+@#%+*)=,*/*<*):,*)0('(@@#+#)<#)0*0%,#(S)&() 0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*3)&()0*0%,#()()?,*/*):*,0#+*)*)&() 0*0%,#()()&;+'%):*,0#+*B • M()0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)1(+$A*)$A#(0(:()#$%+#$(3)*$%#$(3)*:$B)#+) ?("*)(&&()"=*$#>$()0%<(&#:J)"*+"%,#(&*8)E)(G/()<() H;(&$A*)0#&&#"*$%+<%)()=%$A#)"*$%+<#)<(&&N*/*+:%) "*+"%,#(&*B • M()0*0%,#()()?,*/*):*,0#+*3)%)#00*<#(:(3)E)(""%$#(:()(&&() ,#:*+@#%+*)#+);+)=*,#%<%)<()=%$A#)"*$%+<#)()H;(&$A*) 0#+;:%<(&&N*/*+:%B • M()0*0%,#()()&;+'%):*,0#+*)"#)0#";,()#+)'#%,+#)%)0#+;.B 7 Friday, 6 May 2011 8 <&+%,,&#$&+",%#+%,,"#$%$&'(" =>.?(-9&-#%#@A(B'(-8#CDEFG K%<*&&%)0%<(&* M()I%,0(&#@@(@#%+*)<*#):,*)0('(@@#+#)$%,,#"=%+<*)$%+)&():*%,#@@(@#%+*)<#) R:X#+"%+)*)9A#U,#+)1456P8B • Y;*".)<;*)(;:%,#)=,%=%"*,%);+)0%<*&&%)$%"#<<*D%)0%<(&*)<*&&()0*0%,#() #+)$;#)#&)=(""(''#%)<(&&()0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)()H;*&&()()?,*/*):*,0#+*)1KZV8) E)?("(:%)";&&()"*&*@#%+*)(D*+./(3)*)H;*&&%)<(&&()KZV)(&&()0*0%,#()()&;+'%) :*,0#+*)1KMV8)E)?("(:%)";&&(),*#:*,(@#%+*)1,*A(,"(&8B Friday, 6 May 2011 9 Friday, 6 May 2011 <%$&'("#9%-9&'(",% !"#$%$&'("#9%-9&'(",% • K('(@@#+#)"*+"%,#(&*)()?,*/#""#0%):*,0#+*$A*) 0(+:*+'%+%)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)=*,);+)$*,:%) :*0=%S – C$%+#$(S)0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)/#"#/( – [$%#$(S)0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*);<#./( Friday, 6 May 2011 10 11 • C&)$%0=#:%)":(+<(,<)=*,)"%+<(,*)H;*":%).=%)<#)0*0%,#()$%+"#":*)+*&&() =,*"*+:(@#%+*)/#"#/(),(=#<()<#)0(:,#$#)<#)"#0?%&#B)R#)"%''*G)/#*+*)=%#) ,#$A#*":%)<#),#*/%$(,*)#)"#0?%&#)=,*"*+:(.)()/(,#)#+:*,/(&&#)<(&&()&%,%) "$%0=(,"(B • M()0(:,#$*)/*+#/()/#";(&#@@(:()0%&:%),(=#<(0*+:*)1\])0"*$8)=*,)$%+"*+.,*) ;+);+#$%)"';(,<%)"*+@()"$(+"#%+#)(G/*B Friday, 6 May 2011 12 !"#$%$&'("#9%-9&'(",% • ^B)9=*,&#+')1456]8)0%<#>$_)#+)0%<%)I%+<(0*+:(&*)H;*":%) $%0=#:%),#$A#*<*+<%)(#)"%''*G)#&)$%"#<<*D%)`,*"%$%+:%) =(,@#(&*NB • C+)H;*":()/*,"#%+*)<*&)$%0=#:%)&()0(:,#$*)/*+#/()=,*"*+:(:() #+:*,(0*+:*3)0()#&)"%''*D%)<%/*/(),#=%,:(,+*);+N;+#$(),#'(3) #+<#$(:()<();+)"*'+(&*)"=*$#>$%)=,*"*+:(:%)()<#/*,"#)#+:*,/(&) <()T]34)"*$%+<#)<(&&()$%0=(,"()<*&&()0(:,#$*)>+%)()4)"*$%+<%) <(&&()";()"$%0=(,"(B)-#_)(/,*??*)*�#+(:%)&N#+:*,I*,*+@() <*&&(),#*/%$(@#%+*B Friday, 6 May 2011 13 • C)"%''*G3)"*)/*+#/(),#$A#*":%);+),*"%$%+:%):%:(&*3),#$%,<(/(+%)#+)0*<#()a) "#0?%&#B • C+)H;*":()/*,"#%+*)<*&&N*"=*,#0*+:%)#)"%''*G),#:*+*/(+%)=*,_)<#)(/*,)/#":%) $A#(,(0*+:*):;D*)&*)&*D*,*3)0()$A*)&(),#*/%$(@#%+*)<*&&*)=,#0*)&*D*,*)<() &%,%),#$%,<(:*)$(+$*&&(""*)#+)H;(&$A*)0%<%)#&),#$%,<%)<#)H;*&&*)";$$*""#/*B Friday, 6 May 2011 14 @2%',(-)/9#;5&-(5#<%$&'H IJ2%'($%-. • 9:;<#)";$$*""#/#)A(++%)0%<#>$(:%)&()0#";,()<*&&%) "=(+)<#)0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&*)/#"#/(3)%)#$%+#$(3)0()&() "$%=*,:()<#)9=*,&#+')&("$#_)#&)"*'+%3)<#0%":,(+<%) &N*"#":*+@()<#);+),*'#":,%)"*+"%,#(&*)()$(=($#:J)�#:(:() *)()<;,(:()0%&:%)?,*/*3)#+I*,#%,*)(<)4)"*$%+<%B Friday, 6 May 2011 15 Friday, 6 May 2011 16 b&:,*)&()0*0%,#()"*+"%,#(&* K[KbcCR)R)Zc[d[)V[cKC2[ K(9L-1(&-%#.'"+(1(&-",%3 • K*0%,#()()Z,*/*)V*,0#+*S)I(),#I*,#0*+:%)(&) ,#$%,<%)<#)#+I%,0(@#%+#)(==*+(),*$*=#:* • K*0%,#()()M;+'%)V*,0#+*S)I(),#I*,#0*+:%)(&) ,#$%,<%)<#)#+I%,0(@#%+#)$%+%"$#;:*)<()0%&:%) :*0=% Friday, 6 May 2011 KZV)e)0('(@@#+%)()$(=($#:J)�#:(:()=*,);+ ?,*/*)=*,#%<% – KZV)E)$(,(D*,#@@(:()<();+),(=#<%)%?&#%)*) <*$(<#0*+:%)<*&&()#+I%,0(@#%+*B • !*,)$%+"*,/(,*)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)%$$%,,*)(D;(,* &()'%(.%'"-(&,%)$A*)$%+"*+:*)<#)L,#+I,*"$(,*O $%+.+;(0*+:*)&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)+*&)0('(@@#+% 17 Friday, 6 May 2011 I9%$2(&#+(#$%$&'(11"1(&-%#+( ,(9.% <&+%,,&#$&+",%#+%,,"#$%$&'(" =>.?(-9&-#%#@A(B'(-8#CDEFG f+N#+I%,0(@#%+*)+%+)=;%N)*""*,*)#+)KMV)"*)=,#0( +%+)*N)":(:()#+)KZVB •)!,%?(?#&#:(N)<N*+:,(:()#+)KMV)<#=*+<*)<()))=*,0(+*+@()#+) KZV)1,*#:*,(@#%+*8 •)KR)=(@#*+.)$%+)KZV)<*>$#:(,#()*)KMV)#+:(D( •))[U*D%)=%"#@#%+*)"*,#(&*)()"%":*'+%)<#)<#U*,*+@():,()KZV)*) KMV • Ora vi saranno presentate una serie di 10 parole. • Il vostro compito e’ quello di memorizzarle e di trascriverle su un foglio quando vi dirò di farlo al termine della serie [U*D%)=,#%,#:(N)#0=;:(?#&*)(&),*$;=*,%))<*&&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)<(&&() KMV [U*D%),*$*+@()#0=;:(?#&*)(&),*$;=*,%)<*&&N#+I%,0(@#%+*)<()KZV Friday, 6 May 2011 18 • Non importa l’ordine (rievocazione libera) 19 Friday, 6 May 2011 20 :*&*I%+% Friday, 6 May 2011 +;/%&( 21 Friday, 6 May 2011 &#?,% Friday, 6 May 2011 22 (&?*,% 23 Friday, 6 May 2011 24 $(0#$#( Friday, 6 May 2011 >+*":,( 25 Friday, 6 May 2011 &;$* Friday, 6 May 2011 26 '*""% 27 Friday, 6 May 2011 28 "*<#( Friday, 6 May 2011 >%,* 29 • b,():,("$,#/*:*&*)";);+)I%'&#%):;D*)H;*&&*)$A* • ,#$%,<(:* Friday, 6 May 2011 30 M*)=(,%&*)*,(+%S V*&*I%+%)T)2;/%&()g)M#?,%)g)R&?*,%)g)-(0#$#()g h#+*":,()g)M;$*)g)^*""%)g)9*<#()g)h#%,* M()0(''#%,)=(,:*)<#)/%#)"#)"(,(N),#$%,<(:()&* =,#0*)i)%)a)=(,%&*)1*U*D%)=,#%,#:(N8)*)&*);&.0* i)%)a)1*U*D%),*$*+@(8B) !%$A#)(/,(++%),#=%,:(:%)/"$(/("#&#+,%0.'" Friday, 6 May 2011 31 Friday, 6 May 2011 32 K%<*&&%)0%<(&* • ) • • f+N#+I%,0(@#%+*)+%+)=;%N)*""*,*)#+)KMV)"* ) =,#0()+%+)*N)":(:()#+)KZV R)"%":*'+%)<#)<#U*,*+@():,()KZV)*)KMV [U*D%)=,#%,#:(N)<%/;:%)(&&()=#;N) =,%?(?#&#:(N)<#)=#;)(&:()) =,%?(?#&#:(),*#:*,(@#%+*) (""*'+(:()(&&*)=,#0*)=(,%&*)* (&&N#+$(=($#:(N)(<),#*+:,(,*) <*&&*)=(,%&*)";$$*""#/*)<(:()&() $(=($#:(N)�#:(:( – j(.)";&&()=%"#@#%+*)"*,#(&*)+*&&*)&#":* – 9=(+ [U*D%),*$*+@(S)&*);&.0*) =(,%&*)"%+%)(==*+()*+:,(:*)#+) KZV)*)"%+%)(+$%,()<#"=%+#?#&# Friday, 6 May 2011 – j#":;,?#)+*;,%&%'#$# 33 Friday, 6 May 2011 34 I9%$2(&#+(#$(9*'"1(&-%#+( 92"-#+(#$%$&'("#=<(,,%'8CDEMG • M%)L"=(+)<#)0*0%,#(O)E)&()H;(+.:J)<# • #+I%,0(@#%+#)$A*)#&)"#":*0(),#*"$*)( • $%+"*,/(,*)1(&&N#+$#,$()73)K#&&*,)45\68k Friday, 6 May 2011 Doppia dissociazione – Buon ricordo immediato – Incapacita’ di conservare info in MLT Altri pazienti • MLT intatta, MBT non funzionante Pazienti con lesione ippocampale • MLT e MBT intatte Ma incapacita’ nel trasferire info tra le due. Nessun nuovo apprendimento 35 Friday, 6 May 2011 36 c*&(@#%+*)I,()#)"#":*0#)<#)0*0%,#( Friday, 6 May 2011 37