SUFFISSI Alcuni dei suffissi più comuni con cui si possono

SUFFISSI
Alcuni dei suffissi più comuni con cui si possono formare i sostantivi:
-er/or
sostantivi che indicano
nazionalità, attività,
professioni / funzione o
scopo di un oggetto
-an
-ian
-ist
-ant / ent
-ee
-dess
-ing
-tion / sion
/ son
sostantivi che indicano
azioni (derivano per lo
più da verbi)
deriv. da verbi:
teacher teenager leader player worker manager writer owner consumer
customer researcher driver reader reporter murderer voter farmer singer
employer producer winner passenger hunter prisoner designer
supporter observer foreigner viewer killer adviser messenger cleaner
butcher cooker (= fornelli, cucina, MA to cook  cook = cuoco) dealer
prayer
computer amplifier
director editor actor visitor investor governor investigator educator
administrator survivor operator generator instructor competitor
inspector supervisor collector predator sailor creator spectator
predecessor successor narrator translator calculator
lawyer warrior (deriv. da sostantivo)
European African American German chairman
politician physician historian technician comedian mathematician
electrician pediatrician dietitian/dietician librarian Canadian Italian
Russian
artist specialist psychologist therapist columnist psychiatrist economist
scientist biologist journalist dentist environmentalist physicist
archaeologist theorist novelist pianist elitist sociologist guitarist cyclist
geologist receptionist
consultant assistant merchant inhabitant peasant attendant applicant
accountant servant migrant contestant
student president resident agent opponent correspondent superintendent
employee refugee referee trainee addressee
stewardess goddess
building meeting training feeling painting beginning understanding
living learning finding writing reading meaning teaching setting rating
fishing warning funding wedding parking surrounding engineering
drawing advertising clothing shopping hunting shooting bombing
saving
information education action situation organization administration
population election operation direction domination production
institution generation collection option relation conversation
investigation communication protection competition frustration
reaction construction connection application instruction regulation
contribution combination perception opposition qualification
expectation intervention subscription explanation addition cancellation
association observation definition creation selection description
participation foundation accommodation negotiation reduction
evaluation distribution interpretation recognition publication attention
exhibition consideration suggestion preparation invention intention
cooperation destruction infection concentration reflection
recommendation satisfaction imagination presentation introduction
pollution distinction variation evolution obligation celebration
resignation composition formation examination limitation reservation
interaction motivation demonstration edition discrimination innovation
decision discussion expression conclusion division depression
impression expansion emission explosion admission extension tension
-ment
-ure
-al
-our
-ance/ence
sostantivi astratti
(derivano per lo
più da aggettivi
o verbi)
-se
-ancy/ency
-age
-y/ity/iety
-ness
-ism
sostantivi che indicano
concetti astratti come
correnti di pensiero,
sistemi, credenze
permission invasion confusion recession transmission possession
illusion aggression confession suspension regression inclusion
obsession supervision collision erosion revision exclusion succession
oppression
comparison
government development movement treatment management statement
investment agreement encouragement argument department equipment
assessment commitment judgment improvement achievement payment
settlement advertisement involvement entertainment arrangement
retirement disagreement amusement employment establishment
appointment punishment assignment measurement unemployment
excitement requirement encampment engagement imprisonment judgement
pressure failure procedure pleasure exposure creature mixture furniture
sculpture signature departure legislature expenditure disclosure closure
fixture seizure enclosure erasure
arrival proposal approval survival withdrawal removal denial rehearsal
rental criminal revival refusal burial renewal betrayal dismissal
disapproval upheaval
behavior armour
performance insurance importance appearance assistance resistance
entrance significance maintenance alliance acceptance guidance
attendance disappearance clearance tolerance ignorance appliance
acquaintance arrogance resemblance inheritance compliance
experience difference evidence violence presence influence
intelligence consequence silence confidence independence absence
patience conscience convenience competence innocence emergence
excellence offence defence coincidence dependence correspondence
occurrence interference adolescence indifference self-confidence
obedience negligence indolence pretence reference
expense suspense offense expanse response
pregnancy expectancy discrepancy infancy
emergency frequency tendency efficiency currency consistency
deficiency urgency proficiency delinquency fluency complacency
image marriage coverage passage storage heritage shortage usage
carriage baggage drainage bandage patronage
mystery emergency tragedy jealousy injury machinery documentary
responsibility safety possibility minority difficulty capacity personality
popularity discovery poverty diversity intensity electricity availability
complexity supremacy immunity uncertainty community similarity
ability variety anxiety + photography
business illness darkness awareness consciousness happiness sadness
fitness weakness goodness fairness likeness madness loneliness
openness sickness soreness readiness kindness politeness
competitiveness bitterness thickness greatness blindness deafness
dumbness boldness laziness wickedness baldness rudeness willingness
(buona volontà, disponibilità, prontezza (ad agire) shyness
capitalism Catholicism materialism criticism terrorism mechanism
racism organism journalism optimism nationalism skepticism
communism realism socialism feminism patriotism liberalism
symbolism alcoholism modernism individualism colonialism idealism
imperialism fundamentalism heroism sexism pessimism materialism
extremism pragmatism vandalism relativism federalism humanism
altruism romanticism naturalism aestheticism
-dom
-hood
sostantivi che indicano
una condizione (fisica o
morale) o uno status
-ship
-t/th
freedom wisdom boredom kingdom stardom
brotherhood neighbourhood childhood likelihood adulthood livelihood
motherhood fatherhood manhood womanhood
relationship leadership championship partnership friendship
scholarship membership citizenship readership
height sight pursuit complaint theft depth death growth truth strength
youth birth breath length depth warmth width
sostantivi che
indicano qualcosa
di piccolo
-let
-ette
leaflet booklet droplet starlet
cigarette kitchenette
sostantivi che indicano
per lo più quantità
-ful
handful mouthful spoonful hopeful armful fistful cupful eyeful plateful
playful shovelful pocketful bucketful colourful
-style
freestyle hairstyle lifestyle
Alcuni dei suffissi più comuni con cui si possono formare gli aggettivi:
-y / -ly
aggettivi che indicano
qualità o aspetto di
persone o cose, stato
d’animo, atteggiamento
o tratto del
comportamento di
persone (derivano in
genere da sostantivi)
aggettivi che indicano un
modo di comportarsi o
di apparire (derivano in
genere da sostantivi)
aggettivi di tipo
generalmente tecnico,
scientifico o culturale
(derivano spesso da
sostantivi di origine
greca o latina)
-ary/ory
-ate
-ous
-ent
-like
-ic
hungry thirsty angry healthy dirty wealthy necessary filthy slimy shiny
easy funny guilty lucky (extra)ordinary tasty (= it tastes and smells
good, it is appetizing; ≠ tasteful) nearby steady
friendly earthly lonely (un)likely elderly daily weekly monthly yearly
lovely homely deadly lively scholarly timely orderly bodily chilly curly
nightly earthly oily stately melancholy smelly wobbly
revolutionary
sensory (sensoriale, sensitivo) self-congratulatory (= smug (UD 4) che si compiace di sé)
(un)satisfactory
passionate desperate affectionate (affettuoso)
spacious dangerous gracious (benevolo, affabile, cortese) poisonous prosperous
ambitious anxious
different current present excellent violent silent (in)consistent permanent
apparent innocent confident prominent efficient (in)sufficient dependent
frequent evident patient intelligente decent inherent adolescent persistent
urgent convenient magnificent absent equivalent (in)competent
transparent adjacent imminent resident prevalent (in)coherent affluent
impatient reminiscent indifferent prudent turbulent pertinent eloquent
ambivalent divergent insistent recurrent benevolent fluent deficient
inconvenient delinquent emergent diligent (dis)obedient dissident
childlike manlike
scenic (/’sinic/ pittoresco, panoramico) panoramic problematic atomic romantic
specific scientific energetic optimistic (cfr. optimist: noun) sympathetic
classic (= esemplare, tipico) comic (comico) economic (“economico” nei contesti
inerenti all'economia) historic (memorabile, molto importante) enthusiastic (from
Greek enthousiastikos "inspired")
-ar
-al
rectangular spectacular particular polar circular molecular solar popular
special criminal terminal fanatical sensational commercial criminal
(in)formal emotional beneficial seasonal dramatical additional
organizational chemical classical [= tradizionale, classico (in contrapposizione
a moderno)] traditional comical essential (buffo, ridicolo) economical
(economico, poco costoso) historical (storico nel senso di “relativo alla storia o allo
studio della storia”) geographical
aggettivi che indicano
rispettivamente la
presenza o la mancanza
di una certa qualità
-ful
-less
-able/ible
aggettivi che indicano
una certa proprietà o
caratteristica (derivano
in genere da verbi)
aggettivi con significato
generico, spesso
riduttivo, o con una
connotazione negativa
(derivano sia da
sostantivi che da altri
aggettivi)
l’aggettivo worthy, usato
come suffisso, aggiunge
il significato “degno,
meritevole, adatto” al
sostantivo
-ive
-ite
-ish
-worthy
hopeful stressful useful helpful harmful wonderful cheerful tasteful (=
attractive and chosen for style and quality; ≠ tasty ) skilful careful successful
thoughtful
hopeless useless careless (disattento, sbadato; spensierato, spontaneo) worthless wireless
limitless
recognisable favourable dependable (affidabile, fidato) reliable (affidabile)
valuable (pregiato, prezioso) enjoyable (piacevole, divertente) drinkable (un)suitable
fashionable adjustable profitable unreadable unforgettable considerable
unspeakable affordable
sensible (assennato, ragionevole, saggio) responsible edible visible
attractive attentive (attento, premuroso) effective assertive (che si fa valere) protective
expressive secretive expensive imaginative
favourite opposite (im)polite composite (in)definite (in)finite
childish greenish
airworthy, blameworthy, creditworthy, cringeworthy, newsworthy,
noteworthy, praiseworthy, roadworthy, seaworthy, trustworthy,
unworthy
aggettivi in –ing e –ed
alarmed alleged amazed amused annoyed astonished bored closed
compelled complicated concerned confused convinced depressed
disappointed embarrassed encouraged energized enlightened entertained
estimated excited exhausted frightened (n. fright) frustrated humiliated
increased interested intrigued involved limited (under)developed
overwhelmed perplexed pleased qualified related relaxed relieved (n.
-ed
relief) satisfied scared shocked stunned surprised terrified tired
unexpected (un)wanted worried supposed gifted (n. gift) powered
married used so-called armed advanced detailed (n. detail) naked
continued sacred retired talented experienced dried unprecedented
disabled old-fashioned crowded (n. crowd) skilled endangered
alarming amazing amusing annoying astonishing boring closing
compelling complicating concerning confusing convincing depressing
disappointing dissatisfying embarrassing encouraging energizing
enlightening entertaining exciting exhausting frightening frustrating
-ing
humiliating increasing interesting intriguing involving limiting
developing overwhelming perplexing pleasing qualifying relating
relaxing relieving satisfying scaring shocking stunning unsuspecting
surprising terrifying tiring worrying
alcuni degli aggettivi più comuni in –en (derivano per lo più da verbi)
golden wooden stolen frozen mistaken (un)broken drunken spoken outspoken unspoken well-spoken stricken
sunken silken heartbroken shrunken (un)shaken woolen
Alcuni suffissi usati per formare i verbi:
verbi derivati da
sostantivi o aggettivi
di origine latina
da questi verbi si
formano i sostantivi in
-tion
Verbi che significano
“diventare” o “far
accadere” (derivano
spesso da aggettivi)
Verbi di tipo tecnicoscientifico o culturale
(origine greca o latina)
Verbi che implicano
una trasformazione
-ify
simplify clarify purify justify glorify
-ate
imitate complicate procrastinate anticipate discriminate exaggerate
-en
sweeten lighten broaden fatten shorten lengthen widen
-ize/ise
summarize capitalize specialize legalize penalize terrorize
-able
enable, disable, cable, table
Alcuni suffissi usati per formare gli avverbi:
avverbi per lo più di modo derivanti da aggettivi
regola generale
-ly
beautifully clearly frequently honestly frankly densely
specially (= specialmente, appositamente, per un fine particolare;
ex.: a car specially designed for people with disabilities)
especially (= specialmente, particolarmente) dramatically (=
fortemente, notevolmente)
bad vs. badly: see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_INbSgEJDY
aggettivi che terminano in -y
-ily
crazily happily heavily
aggettivi che terminano in -ble
-y
comfortably incredibly possibly
aggettivi che terminano in -ic
-ally
automatically comically specifically individually
optimistically
Nota: alcuni avverbi hanno la stessa forma dell'aggettivo da cui derivano.
AGGETTIVO
AVVERBIO
We went out in the early morning.
He’s got a fast car.
It was a hard test.
We went out early.
Don’t drive so fast!
He always works hard.
The house has a high wall all the way round it.
You can hardly (= it is difficult) expect me to do the test for you!
I can’t sing that high.
She is highly (= very) competitive.
His teachers think very highly of him (= have a very good opinion of him).
She arrived in the late afternoon.
It was a long journey.
The sun was low in the sky.
I arrived late.
His teachers think very highly of him (= have a very good opinion of him).
I haven't seen him lately (=recently).
Have you been here long?
A plane was flying low over the town.
I'm just a lowly (= humble) employee.
The conflict can’t be resolved in the near future.
A bomb exploded somewhere near.
The bottle's nearly (= almost) empty.
avverbi di movimento
forward backward northward southward afterward
upward downward homeward outward
-ward(s)
-proof
protecting against, or not damaged by,
a particular thing:
to treat or make something so that a particular
thing cannot harm it or pass through it, or so
that it gives protection against it:
a bulletproof car
a waterproof jacket
an ovenproof dish (=that cannot be harmed by heat)
idiot-proof / foolproof (cannot be misused even by
someone of low intelligence)
soundproof a room (= so that sound cannot get into or
out of it)
PREFISSI
Alcuni dei prefissi più comuni:
Prefissi negativi
un-
in-
Prefissi che indicano
l’opposto
im-
dis-
ilir in modo sbagliato
demis-
 assenza di una
qualità
anon-
 azione ripetuta
re-
 azione congiunta
co-
 anticipazione
fore-
unlike unhappy unable unintelligent unusual uncomfortable uninhabited
unemployed unlucky unexpected unwise unbelievable undress unbutton
undamaged unfortunate(ly) unexpected(ly) unsuitable unavoidable
unknown uninteresting unlimited unpack unreal uncertain(ty) unemotional
unprecedented uncover unfair unfold unclear unnecessary undoubtedly
unidentified unconscious unfamiliar
inexperienced [also unexperienced (non provato, non sperimentato; inesperto) but much less frequent]
independent inadequate inexpensive incorrect infamous inoffensive
incredible inconsiderate incapable invisible informal inappropriate
inaccurate inability infrequent
impossible imperfect impractical impatient/ce impolite improper immoral
improbable immortal immature impersonal impartial imperfection
impenetrable
dishonest disapprove disagree (disagreement...) disabled/disability
disservice disadvantage disrespect disappear disbelief disappointed /ing
discover disappear disorder dismiss discourage disclose distrust
illegal illegible (illeggibile, indecifrabile) illogical illiterate illegitimate
irrational irregular irresolute (incerto, indeciso) irreversibile (irrevocabile, irreversibile)
irrelevant irresponsible irresistible irrespective (of) irreverent
Demotivate deinstall demystify (ma anche decode…)
mislead(ing) misunderstand(ing) misinterpret mistake misconduct
misconception misguided misfortune misuse miscarriage mistrust
misinterpret mistreat
amoral asexual atonal achromatic [MA asleep = addormentato]
non-violent nonsense nonexistent ...
Prefissi positivi
revive/al renew review resit reprint replay rebuilt rewrite rearrange research
remove reform recall replace react(ion) remind reinforce remark regain
retreat rehabilitation reproduce reconstruction
cooperate correspond correlate co-worker co-author co-founder co-star coowner co-director … coordinate
to forecast (predire, prevedere – to say what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection
with a particular situation- based on science / facts ) to
foresee (prevedere - to know about something before it
/ forethought (synonyms: accortezza,
happens - based on gut instincts / visions / divine poker… ) foresight
lungimiranza)
mezzo salvato)
to forewarn (preavvisare, preavvertire ● (prov.) Forewarned is forearmed, uomo avvisato è
forehead forearm forefinger foreground foremost
Prefissi che limitano o ampliano il significato di una parola
 eccesso…
overweight to overact [(spec teat) caricare (una parte), esagerare] overage (che ha superato una
data età; troppo vecchio) to overbook overdue (in ritardo, scaduto) oversleep overcoat
overcook oversize overdo overtime overwhelm override … overcome
overlook overlap overrule
 limitazione…
under- underweight underpaid undercooked to underestimate undergraduate …
underwear underline/underscore undergo undermine undertake underlying
underground
outdoor outer outcome outplay outstanding output outlet outsider outlook
 “al di fuori di” –
outoutbreak outskirts outnumber outline
“più di”
limitare o ampliare il significato di una parola: anche prefissi comuni a varie lingue come super, hyper-,
extra-, inter- ecc.
interest international interview interviewee internet interface intermediate interpersonal
interintercourse interdisciplinary interracial interact(ive) interfere
over-
Altri prefissi
updownen-
upstairs update upbringing uproar upset upcoming upward upgrade uprising/upheaval (sommossa,
tumulto) uphold (appoggiare, difendere) upload uphill upper-class
downstairs download downtown downshifting downsize downhill
enjoy encourage ensure enable encounter entitle enforce enrol enlist envision enact enrich
endanger enlarge enclose energize engender ensue entrust enlighten encode engrave
enrage enslave enliven enthral encapsulate